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CORNELL 

UNIVERSITY 

LIBRARY 


Cornell  University  Library 
F   142C1   P96 
+ 
History  „of  Camden  county,  New  Jersey  /  b 


3   1924  028  827   990 
olin  Overs 


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Cornell  University 
Library 


The  original  of  this  book  is  in 
the  Cornell  University  Library. 

There  are  no  known  copyright  restrictions  in 
the  United  States  on  the  use  of  the  text. 


http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028827990 


THK 


HISTORY 


CAMDEN    COUNTY, 


NE'W  JERSEY. 


By  GEO.   R.   PROWELL, 

Member  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 


ILLUSTRATED. 


PHILADELPHIA: 
L.  J.   RICHARDS   &    CO. 

1886. 


iy/  d70  c 


X    ^ 


Q;.' 


^ 


PREFACE, 


The  evident  want  of  a  comprehensive  history  of  Camden  County  and  the  encouragement  given 
hy  many  prominent  citizens  whose  opinions  were  consulted  in  regard  to  that  need,  induced  the  pub- 
lishers to  undertake  the  task  of  preparing  this  volume.  The  promises  made  by  the  people  of  the 
county  were  generously  fulfilled.  After  a  year's  diligent,  faithful  and  well-directed  effort,  the  book 
has  been  completed.  It  is  now  presented  for  the  consideration  and  criticism  of  the  intelligent 
reader,  believing  that  it  will  meet  his  entire  approval.  Every  effort  has  been  made  to  prepare  a 
work  acceptable  to  its  patrons,  creditable  alike  to  its  author  and  the  publishers,  and  worthy  of  the 
dignified  name  of  history. 

Great  credit  is  due  the  Hon.  John  Clement,  of  Haddonfield,  whose  efiacient  aid  and  wise 
counsel  were  of  inestimable  value  during  the  whole  period  of  the  preparation.  His  interest  in  local 
history  was  inspired  by  his  intelligent  father,  and  being  a  lineal  descendant  of  one  of  the  first  settlers 
of  West  Jersey,  he  was  naturally  impelled  to  continue  his  investigations.  The  knowledge  which  he 
possesses  in  this  field,  was  acquired  after  long  and  diligent  research  among  original  records  and 
innumerable  authorities. 

Among  the  publishers'  corps  of  writers  were  Edington  P.  Fulton,  now  on  the  editorial  stafi'of  th§ 
Philadelphia  Times,  Alfred  Mathews,  Austin  N.  Hungerford,  J.  L.  Rockey,  Edgar  O.  Wagner,  Captain 
Frank  H.  Coles  and  Frank  J.  Richards.  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson,  of  Haddonfield,  prepared  the  chapter 
on  medicine.  Rev.  F.  R.  Brace,  the  chapter  on  education  and  Hon.  Edward  Burrough  the  history  of 
Delaware  township.  Benjamin  M.  Braker  contributed  material  for  the  chapters  upon  Camden  and 
Gloucester  cities.  Acknowledgements  are  due  Peter  L.  Voorhees,  Esq.,  for  valuable  suggestions,  S.  H. 
Grey,  Esq.,  and  Colonel  S.  C.  Harbert,  for  the  use  of  files  of  early  newspapers,  to  John  W.  Wright, 
Colonel  Robert  B.  Hull,  Isaac  C.  Martindale  and  Howard  M.  Cooper,  Esq.,  and  to  the  members  of  the 
press  and  the  clergy  of  the  county. 

In  concluding  these  few  lines  a  word  concerning  the  department  of  illustrations,  which  supple- 
ments the  literary  contents  of  the  volume,  is  not  out  of  place.  The  illustrations  consist  largely  of  por- 
traits of  some  of  those  men  who  have  been,  or  are,  prominent  residents  of  the  territory  to  which  this 
volume  is  devoted.  These  portraits,  with  the  accompanying  biographical  sketches,  form  a  feature 
which  is  sometimes  the  subject  of  ill-considered  criticism,  on  the  ground  that  they  are  of  persons  living. 
Nevertheless,  in  the  judgment  of  the  publishers,  and  of  a  great  many  persons  who  have  given  the 
matter  careful  consideration,  the  department  is  one  which  should  neither  be  omitted  nor  limited  by  the 
insertion  of  the  portraits  and  sketches  of  those  only  who  are  deceased.  When  it  is  borne  in  mind  how 
swiftly  the  stream  of  life  and  time  sweeps  on — how  quickly  the  present  glides  into  the  past — there  will 
be  few  to  find  fault  with  this  department ;  and  when  a  score  or  more  of  years  have  elapsed — when  the 
generations  now  marching  in  the  front,  and  in  the  closely  succeeding  ranks,  shall  have  passed  away, 
this  feature  will  be  invaluable,  serving  as  the  best  reminder  of  some  of  their  most  conspicuous  and 
honored  characters,  to  those  who  remain. 

G.  R.  P. 
Philadelphia,  Nov.,  1886. 


CONTENTS. 


GEl^rEEAL   HISTOET. 


CHAPTER  I. 
Topography  and  Botany 1-4 

CHAPTER  II. 
The  Indians 4-16 

CHAPTER  III. 
Early  Colonial  History 17-24 

CHAPTER  IV. 

The  rriends  in  West  Jersey 24-30 

CHAPTER  V. 
Early  History  of  Old  Gloucester 30-38 

CHAPTER   VI. 

The  French  and  Indian  War 35-36 

CHAPTER  VII. 

TheWaroftheBevolution , 36-77 

CHAPTER    VIII. 
The  War  of  1812-14 77-86 

CHAPTER  IX. 
The  War  with  Mexico 86-89 

CHAPTER  X. 

The  War  for  the  Union 89-179 

V 


PAGE 

CHAPTER  XI. 

The  Erection  of  Camden  County 179-186 

CHAPTER  XII. 
Civil  List 186-196 

CHAPTER    XIII. 
The  Bench  and  Bar  of  Camden  County 196-237 

CHAPTER  XIV. 
A  History  of  Medicine  and  Medical  Men 237-308 

CHAPTER  XV. 
Education 308-319 

CHAPTER  XVI. 
The  Press 319-330 

CHAPTER  XVII. 
Authors  and  Scientists 330-339 

CHAPTER  XVIII. 
Public  Internal  Improvements 340-369 

CHAPTER   XIX. 
Navigation  and  Ship-Building 360-385 

CHAPTER  XX. 

Agriculture 385-396 

CHAPTER  XXI. 

Old  Grave- Yards 395-400 


CITIES,  BOEOUGHS  AISTD   TOWNSHIPS. 


CHAPTER  I. 
THE   CITY   or   CAMDEN. 

Introduction — Early  Settlements  and  Subsequent  Transfers  of 
Land  on  the  Site  of  Camden — Early  Settlements  and  Trans- 
fers of  Land  on  the  Site  of  South  Camden— First  Town 
Plan  of  Camden — Coopers  Hill — The  Kaighn  Estate — Fet- 
tersville — Stockton — Kaighnsville .      ...       403-424 

CHAPTER  II. 
MUNICIPAL  HISTORY. 
Incorporation — Supplements  to  Charter — New  Charter — The 
First  City  Hall-The  New  City  Hall— Civil  List-Water 


Department — Fire  Department . 


CHAPTER  III. 
EARLY  BUSINESS  INTERESTS  OP  CAMDEN. 

Camden  in  1815 — Camden  in  1824 — Assessment  of  1834 — Manu- 
facturing Industries  and  Interesting  Facts — Pleasure  Gar- 


dens— "  Sausage  Weaving."  . 


444r^4 


CHAl'TER  IV. 
BANKS  AND  BANKING. 
The  First  Bank  in  New  Jersey — State  and  National  Laws  Gov- 
erning the  Banking,  System — The  National  State  Bank  of 
Camden — The  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Bank — The  First 
National  Bank — The  Camden  Safe  Deposit  Company — The 
Camden  National  Bank 4S4-467 

CHAPTER  V. 
RELIGIOUS  HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN. 
Newton  Friends'  Meeting — Methodist  Churches— Baptist 
Churches — Protestant  Episcopal  Churches — Presbyterian 
Churches— Lutheran  Churches — Churches  of  the  United 
Brethren  in  Christ — Church  of  the  Evangelical  Association 
—Young  Men'&  Christian  Association — Roman  Catholic 
Churches 467-497 

CHAPTER  VI. 

THE    SCHOOLS. 

Early  Schools  in  Camden — The  Public-School  System— The 
New  Era— Progress  since  1879— Newton  Debating  Society 
— The  Worthington  Library — Private  Schools- West  Jer- 
sey Orphanage 497-607 

CHAPTER  VII. 

THE  MANUFACTURING  INDUSTRIES. 
Iron  Works — Lumber  Interests  of  Camden— Oil  Cloth  Manu- 
factories— Woolen  and  Worsted  Mills — Miscellaneous  In- 
dustries—Carriage-Making— Shoe  and  Morocco  Factories.      607-638 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

MISCELLANEOUS  MATTERS. 

The  Post-Oflfice — Market-Houses- The  Read  Family — Insur- 
ance   Companies — The   Gaslight   Company — The   Street 
Railway— The  Telephone— Building  and  Building  Asso- 
-    ciations— -Drug  Interests— Old  Military  Organizations — 
Cemeteries— The  Tornado  of  1878— The  Cyclone  of  1886 — 


Hotels . 


CHAPTER  IX. 
SECRET  AND  BENEVOLENT  SOCIETIES. 

Free  Masonry— The  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows- 
Knights  of  Pythias — Improved  Order  of  Red  Men — Knights 
of  the  Golden  Eagle— Ancient  Order  of  United  Work- 
men— Brotherhood  of  theUnibn — Order  of  United  Ameri- 
can Mechanics — Independent  Order  of  Mechanics — Mis- 
cellaneous Societies 


638-558 


558-681 


CHAPTER  X. 
GLOUCESTER  CITY. 

Topography— Early  History— Port  Nassau— Gloucester  as  a 
County  Seal>— County  Courts  and  Public  Buildings— The 
Original  Town  and  Some  of  its  Inhabitants— A  Deserted 
Village— An  Era  of  Prosperity  Arrives-Incorporationand  , 
City  Government — Manufacturing  Interests — Religious 
Histoi-y— Schools— Societies— Gloucester  as  a  Pleasure  Re- 
sort—The Fox  Hunting  Club- Fisheries 682-607 

CHAPTER  XI. 

THE  BOROUGH   OF  HADDONPIELD. 

Early  History- Francis  Collins,  John  Kay,  Timothy  Matlack, 
Jacob  Clement,  Samuel  Clement, '  Thomas  Perrywelb, 
Thomas  Redman,  Hugh  Creighton,  William  Griscom, 
Benjamin  Hartley— Local  Incidents  of  the  Reyolu, 
tion— Haddonfleld  in  1826  and  1835— Friendship  Fire 
Company— Old  Taverns- The  Post-Offlce— Library  Com- 
pany—The Friends— Baptist  Church— Methodist  Church- 
Episcopal  Church— Presbyterian  Church— Schools— Busi- 
ness Interests— Societies 

CHAPTER  XII. 
THE  TOWNSHIP  OP  HADDON. 
Early  History  of  Old  Newton  Township— IJotes  from  Town- 
ship Records— TJiomaa  Sharp's  Account  of  the  Newton 

Settlement — Old    Newton    Friends'    Meeting Schools 

Camden  and  Philadelphia  Race-Course— ColUngewood— 

Westmount 

636-654 


608-630 


CONTENTS. 


Vll 


CHAPTER  XIII. 
THE  TOWNSHIP  OP  ■WATEEFOED. 
Topography — The  Matlack  Family — The  Collins' — Organiza- 
tion—Gleiidale  M.  B.  Church — Gibbsboro' — Lucaa  Paint 
Works — Church  of  St.  John  in  the  Wilderness-  Berlin — 
"Long-a-Coming" — Business  Beginnings — Societies — Li- 
brary— Churches — Berlin  Cemetery — Village  of  Atco — So- 
cieties and  Chufchea — Ohesilhurst — Waterford  Village — 
Churches — "Shane's  Castle,"  the  Woos  Brothers  and  the 
Beginning  of  Catholicism 

CHAPTER  XIV. 
THE  TOWNSHIP  OF   GLOUCESTEE. 

Description — Early  Settlers — The  Tonilineons,  Albertsons, 
Bates,  CathcartSt  Heilmans,  Howells,  Thornes  and  others 
—Civil  Organization— Villages  of  Kirkwood,  Linden- 
wold,  Clementon,  WatBontown,  Brownstown,  Davistown, 
Spring  Mills,  "  the  lost  town  of  Upton  "  and  Chews  Land- 
ing—The  Chew  Family— Blackwood — The  Wards  and 
Blaokwoods— Old  Hotels— Stage  Lines— Churches — Socie- 
ties— Education 

CHAPTER  XV. 
THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  WINSLOW. 
Character  of  the  Township— Set  otf  from  Gloucester— List  of 
Officers— Villages  of  Sicklerville,  Williamstown  Junction, 
Wilton,  Tanaboro',  Cedar  Brook,  Braddock,  Blue  Anchor, 
Ancora,  Elm,  Winslow  Junction  and  Winslow— Glass 
Works — Societies— Friends'  Meetings  and  Churches  .  .   . 


665-671 


672-693 


CHAPTER    XVI. 
THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  CENTRE. 

Surface  and  Soil — Early  Settlers  and  Descendants — The  Huggs, 
Brownings,  Hillmana,  Hinchmans,  Thornes,  Glovers  and 
Later  Comers — Civil  Histoi-y — Village  of  Snow  Hill— Soci- 
eties— Churches — Magnolia — Guinea  Town — Mount  Eph- 
raim  701-712 


CHAPTER  XVII. 
THE   TOWNSHIP  OF  DELAWAEE. 

Civil  History — Affairs  of  the  Township  during  the  Civil  War 
—List  of  Officials- Mills- Early  Settlers— The  Howells, 
Coopers,  Champions,  Collins,  Burrows,  Ellis,  Heritages, 
Rays,  Matlacks,  Shivers,  Stokeses,  Davises,  Frenches  and 
others — Old  Houses- Ellisburg — Batesville 

CHAPTER  XVIII. 
THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  STOCKTON. 

Its  Separation  from  Delaware — Jurisdiction  over  Eiver  Islands 
— ^Early  Settlement — The  Coles,  Spicers,  Woods,  Willards, 
Nicholsons,  Morgans,  Rudderows,  Fishs,  Homers,  Brown- 
ings, Starns,  Osiers  and  others — Bethel  Methodist  Episco- 
pal Church — Old  Taverns — Schools — FisherieB — Pavonia 
— ^Wrightsville — Cramer  Hill — Dudley — Merchantville — 
Stockton-Delair— Manufacturing  Interests 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PAGE 

Albertson,  Chalkley g72 

AlbertsoD,  Samuel  C 616 

Andrews,  J.  B 301 

An  Old  Stege-Coach 345 

Anthony,  H.  B 536 

Autographs,  early  settlers  in  Gloucester  township 677 

Autographs,  early  settlers  in  Stockton  township 742 

Autographs,  early  settlers,  Newton  township 649 

Autographs  of  Early  Settlers 426 

Autographs  of  English  Noblemen 24 

Baird,  David 518 

Bartine,  D.  H : 296 

Beatty,I.C 626 

Bell,  Ezra  C 393 

Bennett,  Volney  G 516 

Bergen,  C.  A 229 

Bergen,  M.  V 228 

Braddock,  Elwood 632 

British  stamp 38 

Browning,  A.  M 158 

Browning,  Maurice 528 

Brown,  David  B 192 

Brown,  Davids 690 

Burrougb,  Edward 194 

Camden  Water-Front 403 

Campbell,  Geo ; 667 

Carpenters'  Hall 41 

Chew,  Sinnickson 322 

Church,  Broadway  Methodist  Episcopal 470 

Church,  Firat  Baptist *77 

Church,  First  Presbyterian *88 

Church,  North  Baptist 480 

Church  of  Immaculata  Conception 496 

Chureh,  Second  Presbyterian 491 

Church,  St.  John's  Episcopal 486 

Church,  Third  Methodist  Episcopal 468 

aement,  John 212 

aement,  John,  Sr 214 

Coffin,  William *'* 

Coles,  0.  B 515 

Coley,  Benjamin  D 121 

CoUings,  B.  Z 394 

Gattell,  Alexander  G '63 

Cooper,  Beuj '** 

ix 


PAGB 

Cooper,  Benjamin  W 743 

Cooper  Hospital 264 

Cooper,  James  B 60 

Cooper,  John 466 

Cooper,  Joseph  W 458 

Cooper,  Dr.  Richard  M 455 

Cooper,  Richard  M 271 

Cooper,  "W.  B 743 

Cooper,  William  D 218 

Cramer,  Alfred 758 

Croft,  Howland 524 

Cuthbert,  J.  Ogden 654 

Davis,  Thomas  H 136 

Davis,  Thomas  W 460 

Delaware  Indian 5 

Delaware  Indian  Family,. 7 

De  Tries,  David  Pietetsen 18 

Dialogue,  John  H 384 

Donges,  John  W 293 

Estaugh  House 647 

Evans,  EUwood 737 

Fetters,  Kichard 422 

Fitch's  First  Steamboat 360 

Fitch's  Secoud  Steamboat 361 

Fitzgerald,  Wilson 679 

Fitzsimmons,  P.  J 497 

Flint  knives 9 

Fort  Mercer 50 

Fort  MifBin 48 

Fowler,  P.  H 693 

Francine,  Louis  K 156 

Frazee,  Andrew  B 372 

Fredericks,  Henry 614 

Gatzmer,  W.  H 370 

Gettysburg  Monument 146 

Gill,  John 466 

Great  Central  Fair  Building 163 

Grey,  Philip  J 320 

Grey,  S.  H 226 

Gross,  Onan  B 290 

Haines,  Joseph  M '12 

Hall,  New  City 429 

Hansen,  William  C 169 

Heath,  Robert  F.  S '93 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTEATIONS. 


PAGE 

Hendry,  Charles  D 267 

Heulinge,  Israel  W 457 

Hillman,  Samuel  S 633 

Hoe  of  Gray  Flint 10 

Horefall,  Charles  K .........: 140 

Howell,  Joshua  B 154 

Hudson,  Henry 17 

Hylton,  J.  Dunbar 747 

Hylton,  J.  Dunbar,  JBesidence  of 748 

Independence  Bell 36 

Independence  Hall 47 

Indian  autographs 16 

Indian  Fort 8 

Jones,  Franks , 437 

Kifferly,  Frederick.... 634 

Kirkbride,  Joel  P 671 

Knight,  E.  0 '. .*...  641 

Lippincott,  Joshua 459 

Livermore,  Jonas 464 

Lucas,  John 658 

Map  (boundary)  of  East  and  West  Jersey: 23 

Map  of  Camden 419 

Map  of  Camden  County 1 

Map  of  operations  on  the  Delaware 49 

Map,  Thos.  Sharp,  170O '..... ;  638 

Martindale,  Isaac  C... 337 

Mead,  Wm.  T 548 

Michellon,  F.  F ;..■ 435 

Middleton,  F.  P 580 

Middleton,  M.  F 302 

Morgan,  Kandal  E 185 

Mortar  and  pestle 8 

M«d  Island,  1777 52 

New  County  Court-House 184 

Old-Time  Doctor 238 

Ornamental  pottery,  flint,  etc 10 


PAGB 

Parker,  Joel 208 

Parsons,  Stephen 556 

Piece  of  steatite 9 

Pratt,  Jesse 434 

President's  chair  and  desk,  upon  which  the  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence was  signed 46 

Itead,  Edmund  E 644 

Bead,  John  S 543 

Read,  Joseph  J 641 

Reeve,  Augustus 522 

Reeve,  Benjamin  C 520 

Reeve,  Richard  H 519 

Ridge,  James  M..... 284 

Bightmire,  William  H 436 

Roe,  David,  Sr ; 615 

Rose,  Wilbur  F : 461 

Rulon,  Elwood.... 674 

Sexton,  William 694 

Sheets,  John  A.  J 634 

Shults,  John  S 438 

Soldiers  in  1812 79 

Soldiers'  Monument „„.  165 

Stanton,  L.  N... .......:....; 517 

Starr,  John  F 463 

Stevenson,  John  R..... 287 

Stockham,  Charles , 512 

Stocks  and  pillory ..,..; ....,  33 

Taylor,  H.  Genet : 285 

Taylor,  Othniel  H 273 

Thompson's  Hotel  and  Fisheries 606 

Tomlinson,  Ephraim g-^g 

Vessel  of  pottery _ g 

Voorhees,  Peter  L 222 

William  Jenn's  burial-place 29 

William  Penn's  coat  of  arms , 23 

Wilson,  George  E , ; jjg 


OUTLINE     MAP 
OF 


HISTORY 


OF 


OAMDEISr    COUNTY,    NEW    JERSEY 


CHAPTER    I. 

TOPOGRAPHY   AND   BOTANY. 
TOPOGRAPHY. 

Camden  County  has  a  front  on  the  Del- 
aware River  of  ten  miles,  and  extends  south- 
easterly about  thirty  miles  to  the  line  of 
Atlantic  County.  Timber  Creek,  from  the 
river,  bounds  it  on  the  southwest  to  the  head 
of  the  south  branch  of  that  stream,  and  by  a 
short  land  line  to  the  head  of  Four-Mile 
Branch,  and  down  the  whole  length  of  that 
stream  to  Great  Egg  Harbor  River  and 
thence  down  that  river  to  the  Atlantic 
County  line.  On  the  northeast  Pensaukin 
Creek  from  the  river  bounds  the  county  to 
the  source  of  the  south  branch,  and  by  a  line 
across  the  country  to  near  the  head  of  Mullica 
River,  or  a  branch  thereof,  known  as  Atco 
Atco,  and  thence  down  the  stream  to  where 
Atlantic  County  makes  a  corner  near  Atsion. 

The  streams  running  out  of  the  hills  are 
rapid,  -yet  the  volume  of  water  has  been 
materially  diminished  by  thegradual  removal 
of  the  timber  from  the  upland  and  swamps. 
The  effect  of  the  tides  from  the  Delaware 
River  in  these  streams  is  felt  for  ten  or 
twelve  miles  inland,  although  its  flow  is 
hindered  by  mill-dams  in  many  places.    The 


land  in  parts  is  hilly  and  rolling,  but  no  part 
is  so  flat  or  level  but  that  it  can  be  readily 
drained.  The  highest  point,  as  appears  by 
the  gradients  of  the  Camden  and  Atlantic 
Railroad,  is  near  Berlin,  and  shows  an  eleva- 
tion of  one  hundred  and  ninety-six  feet  above 
low  tide-water  at  Camden.  There  is  a 
gradual  rise  from  the  river  southeasterly  un- 
til it  reaches  the  highest  point  at  or  near 
Berlin,  and  all  the  streams  running  north- 
westerly to  the  river  find  their  sources  in 
that  region.  The  same  features  exist  on  the 
southeasterly  slope,  and  the  streams  that  drain 
their  waters  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  originate 
near  the  same  place,  thus  making  the  region 
about  that  town  the  water-shed  for  a  large 
extent  of  country.  It  may  therefore  be  seen 
that  the  springs  of  water  that  come  to  the 
surface  near  Berlin  find  their  way  to  the 
Delaware  River  by  Timber  Creek,  Coopers 
Creek,  Pensaukin  Creek  and  Rancocas 
Creek  on  the  western  slope  of  the  county, 
while  the  sources  of  Great  Egg  Harbor  River 
and  of  Mullica  River  and  their  tributaries, 
which  drain  the  eastern  slope  and  empty  into 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  may  be  found  near  the 
same  place. 

Timber  Creek  is  navigable  for  vessels  of 
light  draught  to  Chews  Landing,  about  ten 
miles    from    its  mouth,  and    Coopers  Creek 

1 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,    NEW  JERSEY. 


to  Coles  Landing,  about  the  same  distance. 
Pensaukin  Creek  is  available  for  the  same 
purpose  to  the  dam  at  the  junction  of  the 
north  and  south  branches  of  that  stream. 
Along  both  sides  of  these  water-courses  are 
extensive  tracts  of  low,  marshy  laud,  upon 
which  the  tide  leaves  a  fertile  alluvion  de- 
posit, and  which,  when  banked  and  drained, 
makes  valuable  meadow,  while  towards  the 
heads  of  the  streams  good  water-powers  have 
been  made  and  used  for  milling  and  manu- 
facturing purposes.  Black,  yellow  and 
green  marl  is  found  in  the  belt  that  crosses 
the  county  in  a  northeasterly  direction,  and 
for  building  purposes  a  red  sandstone  is  found 
in  many  localities,  generally  in  thin  layers 
near  the  surface,  but  occasionally  in  thick, 
compact  bodies.  Loam  suitable  for  moulding 
purposes  is  found  in  some  of  the  hills  along 
the  streams  and  clays  for  brick-making 
and  pottery  crop  out  in  various  places. 


To  outline  the  ilora  of  so  small  a  section 
of  country  as  is  usually  embraced  within 
county  lines  would  ordinarily  furnish  but 
little  matter  of  interest,  and  where  an  excep- 
tion to  this  general  rule  is  known  it  becomes 
not  only  proper,  but  very  desirable,  to  have  it 
so  appear,  in  order  to  obtain  the  most  com- 
plete local  history  that  can  be  prepared.  That 
this  exception  is  realized  in  Camden  County 
is  made  abundantly  manifest. 

It  is  well  known  that  the  State  of  New 
Jersey,  Avith  its  surface  of  seven  thousand 
five  hundred  and  seventy-six  square  miles, 
furnishes  greater  opportunities  for  the  study 
of  a  varied  flora  than  almost  any  other  State 
or  district  of  similar  size  in  the  whole  United 
States.  The  more  elevated  or  mountainous 
section  in  the  north  gives  a  somewhat  sub- 
alpine  flora;  the  southern  counties  receive,  by 
the  washing  of  the  waves  from  the  shores  of 
the  Southern  States,  and  by  the  birds  in  their 
migratory  flights  northward,  the  seeds  of 
many  strictly  southern   plants;  the    eastern 


section  supports  the  usual  marine  flora,  and 
the  western  the  usual  fresh-water  flora,  while 
a  section  of  the  interior  of  the  more  southern 
counties  give  us  what  is  elsewhere  known  as 
the  "pine  barrens  of  New  Jersey,"  furnish- 
ing a  peculiar  vegetation,  one  unlike  that  of 
any  other  State  of  our  Union. 

O.  R.  Willis,  in  his  "  Catalogue  of  Plants 
growing  without  Cultivation  in  the  State  of 
New  Jersey,"  says  of  these  floral  features, — 
"  The  difference  of  elevation  from  the  south 
towards  the  north  gives  a  wide  range  of 
temperature,  so  that  while  in  the  northern 
boundaries  of  the  State  plants  are  found 
common  to  New  England,  the  southern  and 
coast  regions  yield  the  vegetation  of  Eastern 
Virginia. 

"  The  whole  western  border  is  washed  by 
the  Delaware  River,  fed  by  tributaries  from 
Pennsylvania  and  New  York,  bringing  to 
its  banks  the  seeds  of  a  vast  territory  north 
and  west  of  it.  Its  eastern  shores  are  washed 
by  the  Hudson  River  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
wafting  the  seeds  of  many  lands  to  the  allu- 
vial plains  which  skirt  its  eastern  bounda- 
ries. Its  varied  soil  is  another  remarkable 
feature  of  this  State  :  limestone  in  the  north, 
accompanied  by  iron  and  peat,  marl,  alluvial, 
arenaceous  and  clay  deposits ;  with  red  shales 
and  heavy  loam,  impregnated  with  iron,  in 
the  middle  ;  while  in  the  south  and  east  loose 
sands,  peat  and  sphagnous  bogs  and  green 
sand  deposits  alternate  with  patches  of  loam, 
in  which  clay  more  or  less  predominates.  The 
wonderful  variety  of  soil,  the  differences  of 
elevation  and  the  wide  range  of  temperature 
combine  to  give  rise  to  one  of  the  most  varied 
and  remarkable  floras  of  the  Western  Conti- 
nent. The  cedar  swamps,  with  which  the 
pine  regions  are  besprinkled,  are  the  homes 
of  the  most  beautiful  and  remarkable  indi- 
viduals of  the  flora  of  the  temperate  zones. 
There  the  pogonia,  the  habenaria,  the  or- 
chis, the  arethusa,  the  calopogon  and  the 
sarracenia  flourish ;  while  the  forests  of  the 
north  and  middle  are  adorned  with  the  lir- 


BOTANY. 


iodendron,   the  magnolia,  the  ilex,  the  kal- 
mia  and  the  rhododendron." 

Among  those  who  early  gave  attention  to 
botanical  investigation  in  this  district,  or  who 
became  quite  familiar  with  its  flora,  may  be 
found  the  names  of  Bartram,  Collins,  Kalm, 
Michaux,  Schweinitz,  Barton,  Pursh,  Nuttall, 
Durand  and  others,  many  collections  of  New 
Jersey  plants  being  scattered  through  the 
herbaria  of  Europe  as  well  as  of  America. 
The  conditions  they  found  have,  in  the  lapse 
of  many  years,  been  very  much  changed. 
The  marshy  ground  along  the  Delaware  Riv- 
er just  south  of  Camden,  and  running  back 
into  the  country  for  some  distance,  was  a 
noted  place  to  visit  in  those  early  botanical 
days,  many  of  the  rarer  plants  of  this  section 
being  found  therein,  some  decidedly  of  a 
southern  range,  and  which  of  late  years  have 
not  been  met  with  at  all.  Near  Haddonfield 
is  another  locality,  where  recently  has  been 
collected  a  species  not  heretofore  known  to 
occur  north  of  Virginia.  The  townships  of 
Waterford  and  Winslow  extend  into  the 
"  pine  barren "  region,  above  referred  to, 
where  the  rare  and  beautiful  plants  which 
characterize  its  flora  may  be  found.  On  the 
banks  of  Little  Timber  Creek  may,  in  shel- 
tered places,  still  be  found  plants  of  a  more 
northern  habitat,  and  this  is,  perhaps,  the  only 
place  south  of  Trenton  where  they  occur.  An 
enumeration  of  these  species  would  greatly 
interest  persons  scientifically  inclined,  and 
there  are  many  such  devotees  among  us,  but 
it  would  be  too  voluminous  to  be  inserted 
here ;  suffice  it  to  say  that  many  of  these 
plants,  which  are  to  be  found  described  in  the 
various  text-books  of  botany,  are  yet  quite 
local.  This  section  has  been  so  thoroughly 
explored  that  very  few  species  new  to  science 
have  been  detected  within  the  past  thirty- 
five  years. 

Of  introduced  plants,  those  whose  home  is 
in  other  parts  of  the  world,  Camden  County 
has  more  than  a  full  share,  owing  to  circum- 
stances which   are   not   likely  to  affect  any 


other  county  in  the  State.  Isaac  C.  Martin- 
dale,  of  Camden,  who  is  probably  better  ac- 
quainted with  the  flora  of  this  section  of  New 
Jersey,  and  the  localities  where  its  rare  plants 
may  be  found,  than  almost  any  other  person 
now  living,  and  who  has  of  late  years  given 
special  study  to  the  introduction  of  foreign 
species  and  the  geographical  distribution  of 
plants,  says  that  the  past  twenty-five  years 
has  given  a  large  influx  of  these.  Nearly  as 
far  back  as  1860  the  late  Charles  F.  Parker, 
of  Camden,  and  himself,  while  botanizing  on 
the  Pennsylvania  side  of  the  Delaware,  de- 
tected a  number  of  European  plants  growing 
un  heaps  of  ballast  that  had  been  unloaded 
from  vessels,  most  of  which  were  not  enum- 
erated in  the  text-books  of  North  American 
botany,  and  as  a  new  field  for  investigation 
was  thus  opened,  the  whole  of  the  Delaware 
River  front,  both  in  New  Jersey  and  Penn- 
sylvania, was  carefully  examined  during  the 
succeeding  years,  and  the  character  and  hab- 
its of  the  plants  studied,  it  was  found  that 
many  of  the  species  of  European  origin  were 
evidently  from  the  middle  section  of  the  con- 
tinent, and  a  close  investigation  developed, 
the  fact  that  large  quantities  of  coal  oil  were 
being  shipped  from  Philadelphia  to  the  sea- 
port towns  of  Germany  and  those  ajong  the 
Mediterranean  Sea;  so  large  a  trade  had 
sprung  up  in  this  enterprise  within  a  few 
years  that  many  sailing-vessels  were  engaged 
in  its 'transportation.  Many  cargoes  of  coal 
oil  were  thus  shipped,  and  if  no  freight  could 
be  obtained  for  a  return,  the  vessels  came 
back  in  ballast,  which  was  largely  unloaded 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  city  of  Camden, 
where  scores  of  acres  of  low,  marshy  land 
existed.  This  ballast  material  of  course  con- 
tained many  seeds  of  plants,  which  in  due 
season  vegetated,  and  thus  furnished,  as  it 
were,  a  new  link  in  Flora's  chain  on  Ameri- 
can soil.  Occasional  vessel-loads  of  ballast 
came  from  other  parts  of  the  world — some 
from  Africa,  Eastern  Asia,  South  America 
and   the    West   Indies.      A   few    California 


HISTOKf  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


plants  have  also  in  this  way  been  brought 
to  our  doors. 

It  is  well  known  that  during  the  War  of 
the  Rebellion  many  vessels  were  engaged  in 
carrying  supplies  to  ports  on  the  South  At- 
lantic seaboard  and  to  the  Gulf  States.  As 
no  returu  cargo  could  be  obtained,  vast  quan- 
tities of  ballast  were  used.  Much  of  this  in 
time  reached  here  also,  and  in  consequence 
a  large  number  of  strictly  southern  plants 
were  introduced.  Partial  lists  of  these  have 
from  time  to  time  appeared  in  the  scientific 
periodicals  of  the  country,  and  Mr.  Martin- 
dale,  we  learn,  is  at  present  engaged  in  the 
preparation  of  a  complete  history  of  this  de- 
partment of  his  favorite  study. 

Of  the  foreign  plants  thus  introduced, 
numbering  perhaps  hundreds  of  species,  many 
never  appeared  but  once,  others  maintained  a 
foothold  for  a  few  years  and  then  disap- 
peared, whilst  a  large  number  of  species  have 
been  found  year  after  year,  showing  that 
while  an  unusual  combination  of  circum- 
stances may  have  led  to  their  introduction, 
they  have  nevertheless  come  to  stay,  often 
rooting  out  the  native  plants  and  absolutely 
taking  possession  of  the  soil,  in  fair  illustra- 
tion of  the  old  story  of  the  survival  of  the 
fittest  in.  the  race  for  existence.  The  intro- 
duced element  being  more  vigorous,  obtained 
the  mastery,  and  the  native  was  obliged  to 
yield  possession,  an  exact  repetition  of  the 
history  of  the  settlement  of  the  country  by 
the  European  nations,  where  the  foreigners 
held  possession  and  the  native  American  In- 
dian, proving  to  be  the  weaker  vessel,  has 
been  gradually  pushed  farther  and  farther 
inland. 

The  greater  part  of  the  soil  of  Camden 
County  being  easily  cultivated,  the  trees  have 
been  largely  removed ;  hence  the  acreage  of 
forest  has  become  very  small  and  little  of 
especial  character  in  this  line  now  exists  that 
requires  mention  at  our  hands.  The  original 
timber  has  all  been  cut  off  and  now  but  few 
trees  of  large  or  unusual  size  remain.     The 


wooded  sections  of  the  most  eastern  town- 
ships have  for  years  furnished  verj'  largely 
the  supply  of  charcoal  for  the  Philadelphia 
markets.  Immense  numbers  of  hoop-poles 
were  also  shipped  to  those  engaged  in  the 
West  India  sugar  and  molasses  trade.  The 
white  cedar  swamps  have  also  furnished 
thousands  of  cedar  rails  annually  for  ship- 
ment to  other  sections,  but  the  great  demand 
for  these  articles  has  nearly  exhausted  the 
supply  and  these  branches  of  industry  are 
almost  destroyed. 


CHAPTER     II. 


THE    IXDIAXS. 


Early  historians,  probably  through  lack 
of  study  of  the  literary  remains  of  the  pio- 
neers and  settlers  of  the  seventeenth  century, 
have  very  much  too  liberally  overestimated 
the  number  of  Indians  in  New  Jersey  at  the 
time  when  the  first  settlements  by  the  whites 
were  made  here.  In  this  error  they  but 
shared  the  once  common  belief  that  the  abo- 
rigines of  North  America  three  hundred 
years  ago  were  a  powerful  and  numerous 
people.  Recent  investigations  have  proved 
the  inaccuracy  of  this  belief. 

The  historian  Robert  Pond  estimated  the 
number  of  fighting  men  of  eighteen  given 
tribes  east  of  the  Mississippi  River  at  twenty- 
seven  thousand  nine  hundred,  and  total  num- 
ber of  souls  one  hundred  and  thirty-nine 
thousand  five  hundred.  An  historical  ac- 
count printed  in  Philadelphia  of  Colonel 
Bouquet's  expedition  in  1763  against  the 
Ohio  Indians,  asserts  that  there  were  then 
fifty-six  thousand  five  hundred  and  eighty 
fighting  men  of  such  tribes  as  the  French 
were  in  connection  with  in  Canada  and  the 
West.  Assuming  this  number  to  be  one- 
fifth  of  the  population,  they  would  have 
had  at  that  date  two  hundred  and  eighty-two 
thousand  nine  hundred  in  the  territory  now 


THE  INDIANS. 


embraced  in  the  United  States.  According 
to  the  figures  of  the  Indian  Bureau  of  the 
government,  there  are  now  about  two  hundred 
and  seventy-five  thousand  Indians  in  the 
United  States,  or  within  a  few  thousands  of 
as  many  as  ever  roamed  over  the  area  now 
embraced  within  the  States  and  Territories. 
Statistics  and  careful  investigation  have  thus 
shattered  the  romance  of  the  extinguishment 
of  the  Indian  race,  upon  which  innumerable 
pathetic  tales  have  been  founded.  The  con- 
ditions of  Indian  life  were  in  every  way  op- 
posed to  the  rapid  increase  of  population. 

All  the  collateral  evidence  goes  to  sustain 
the  theory  that  if  Hendrick  Hudson  could 
have  made  a  census  of  the  Indians  in  Schey- 
ichbi  (their  name  for  the  territory  almost  iden- 
tical with  the  present  State  of  New  Jersey), 
he  would  not  have  counted  many  more  than 
two  thousand  when,  in  1609,  he  and  his  com- 
panions in  the  "  Half-Moon  "  skirted  the  coast 
of  what  is  now  New  Jersey.    Master  Evelin, 
writing  in  1690,  used  this  language  :  "  T  doe 
account  all  the  Indians  to  be  eight  hundred; " 
and  Oldmixon,  in  1708,  computed  that  they 
had  been  reduced  to  one-fourth  that  number. 
Evelyn  and  Oldmixon  were  below  the  mark, 
but   they  were    much    nearer  it  than  those 
writers  who  have  spoken  of  the   "  teeming 
thousands "  of  red  men.  Such  miscalculations 
are  largely  traceable  to  circumstances  whicli, 
in  their  turn,  are  a  revelation  of  the  physical 
condition  of  Scheyichbi  when  the  white  man 
was  moving  to  plant  his  dominant  standards 
upon  its  soil.     The  State  of  New  Jersey  is  so 
rich    in    Indian  relics  that  hasty  observers 
came   to  the   conclusion   that  it  must   have 
supported  a  comparatively  dense  Indian  pop- 
ulation.     "  So   abundant    were   the    Indian 
villages,"  says   Charles   C.   Abbott,  in   his 
"  Stone  Age  in  New  Jersey,"  "  that  almost 
eyery  brook   that   harbors   a  fish  has   now 
lying  among  the  pebbles  on  its  bed  or  in  the 
turf  upon   its  banks   flinty  arrow-points   or 
delicate  fish-spears."     When   it   is   remem- 
bered that  these  remains  are  in  a  great  pro- 


portion those  of  tribes  that  came  to  New 
Jersey  in  the  seasons  for  hunting  and  fishing, 
and  had  their  permanent  locations  beyond  its 
confines,  we  understand  the  great  attractions 
of  the  region  for  a  primitive  people,  and  also 
the  source  of  the  errors  that  have  been  made 
in  enumerating  the  Indians  of  New  Jersey 
two   centuries   ago.     To   them   and    to  the 


strangers  who  foraged  in  it  from  the  North 
and  West  it  was  a  land  of  plenty  and 
fatness.  The  streams  were  well  supplied 
with  fish,  and  the  forests  and  the  plains  with 
game.  The  recession  of  the  glaciers  had  left 
a  soil  that  so  easily  absorbed  rain  that  it 
made  quick  and  prodigal  return  for  the  work 
of  the  red  husbandman,  who  cultivated  In- 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


dian  corn,  pumpkins  and  beans.  The  inlets 
of  the  bay  and  sea  were  opulent  with  oysters 
and  clams,  and  when  the  Indians  had  eaten 
of  these  luscious  bivalves  their  shells  were 
useful  for  conversion  into  wampum. 

They  were  of  the  great  Lenni  Lenape 
nation,  which  then  occupied  the  central  por- 
tion of  what  is  now  the  United  States,  and 
were  hemmed  in  by  the  Natches,  south  of 
the  Potomac  River,  and  the  Iroquois,  north 
of  the  southern  border  of  New  York.  They 
had  sacredly  preserved  that  curious  tradition 
of  an  origin  in  the  far  West,  of  a  march  to 
the  eastward,  a  joint  victory  with  the  Iro- 
quois over  the  Allegivi  (Alleghenies)  in  a 
terrible  battle  and  the  final  establishment  of 
a  new  home  upon  the  shores  of  the  ocean 
from  which  the  sun  rises.  The  myth  has 
long  ago  been  resolved  into  an  incident  of 
the  sun  or  fire  worship  common  to  prehis- 
toric faiths. 

Indian  Tbaditions. — A  writer  in  the 
"  History  of  Philadelphia,"  published  in  1880, 
gives  the  following  interesting,  though  fanci- 
ful, traditions  relating  to  the  origin  of  our 
Aborigines  : 

"  As  to  their  origin  as  members  of  the  human 
family,  they  have  divers  legends.  They  claim  to 
have  come  out  of  a  cave  in  the  earth,  like  the 
woodchuck  and  the  chipmunk,  to  have  sprung 
from  a  snail  that  was  transformed  into  a  human 
being  and  taught  to  hunt  by  a  kind  of  Manitou, 
after  which  it  was  received  into  the  lodge  of  the 
beaver  and  married  the  beaver's  favorite  daughter. 

"  In  another  myth  a  woman  is  discovered  hover- 
ing in  mid-air  above  the  watery  waste  of  chaos.  She 
has  fallen  or  has  been  expelled  from  heaven,  and 
there  is  no  earth  to  offer  her  a  resting-place.  The 
tortoise,  however,  rose  from  the  depths  and  put  his 
broad  shield-like  back  at  her  service,  and  she  de- 
scended upon  it  and  made  it  her  abode,  for  its  dome- 
like oval  resembled  the  first  emergence  of  dry  land 
from  the  waters  of  the  deluge.  The  tortoise  slept 
upon  the  deep,  and  round  the  margin  of  his  shell 
barnacles  gathered,  the  scum  of  the  sea  collected  and 
the  floating  fragments  of  the  shredded  sea-weed 
accumulated  until  the  dry  land  grew  apace,  and 
by  and  by  there  was  all  that  broad  expanse  of  land 
which  now  constitutes  North  America.  The 
woman,  weary  of  watching,  worn  out  with  aighs  for 


her  lonesomeness,  dropped  off  into  a  tranquil 
slumber,  and  in  that  sleep  she  dreamed  of  a  spirit 
who  came  to  her  from  her  lost  home  above  the 
skies,  and  of  that  dream  the  fruits  were  sons  and 
daughters,  from  whom  have  descended  the  human 
race.  Another  legend  personifies  the  Great  Spirit 
under  the  form  of  a  gigantic  bird  that  descended 
upon  the  face  of  the  waters  and  brooded  there  until 
the  earth  arose.  Then  the  Great  Spirit,  exercising 
a  creative  power,  made  the  plants  and  animals 
and,  lastly,  man,  who  was  formed  out  of  the  integu- 
ments of  the  dog,  and  endowed  with  a  magic  arrow 
that  was  to  be  preserved  with  great  care,  for  it  was 
at  once  a  blessing  and  a  safeguard.  But  the  man 
carelessly  lost  the  arrow,  whereupon  the  Great 
Spirit  soared  away  upon  its  bird-like  wings  arid 
was  no  longer  seen,  and  man  had  thenceforth  to 
hunt  and  struggle  for  his  livelihood. 

"  Manabohzo,  relates  the  general  Algonkin  trar 
dition,  created  the  different  tribes  of  red  men  out 
of  the  carcasses  of  different  animals,  the  beaver, 
the  eagle,  the  wolf,  the  serpent,  the  tortoise,  etc. 
Manabohzo,  Messon,  Michaboo  or  Nanabush  is  a 
demi-god  who  works  the  metamorphoses  of  nature. 
He  is  the  king  of  all  the  beasts ;  his  father  was  the 
west  wind,  his  mother  the  moon's  great-grand- 
father, and  sometimes  he  appears  in  the  form  of  a 
wolf  or  bird,  but  his  usual  shape  is  that  of  the 
gigantic  hare.  After  Manabohzo  masquerades  in 
the  figure  of  a  man  of  great  endowments  and 
majestic  stature,  when  he  is  a  magician  after  the 
order  of  Prospero;  but  when  he  takes  the  form  of 
some  impish  elf,  then  he  is  more  tricky  than  Ariel 
and  more  full  of  hobgoblin  devices  than  Puck. 

"  Manabohzo  is  the  restorer  of  the  world,  sub- 
merged by  a  deluge  which  the  serpent-Manitous 
have  created.  He  climbs  a  tree,  saves  himself  and 
sends  a  loon  to  dive  for  mud  from  which  he  can 
make  a  new  world.  The  loon  fails  to  reach  the 
bottom ;  the  muskrat,  which  next  attempts  the 
feat,  returns  lifeless  to  the  surface,  but  with  a  little 
sand  firom  which  the  Great  Hare  is  able  to  re- 
create the  world. 

"In  other  legends  the  otter  and  beaver  dive  in 
vain,  but  the  muskrat  succeeds,  losing  his  life  in 
the  attempt." 

Students  of  the  Aryan  legends  regarding 
the  creation  of  the  world  and  the  Eastern 
mythology  concerning  the  birth  of  demi-gods 
by  the  union  of  a  supernatural  man  with  a 
female  human  being,  will  detect  at  once  the 
kinship  of  the  myths  of  the  Occident  with 
those  of  the  Orient.     How  far  they  aid  in 


THE  INDIANS. 


determining  tiie  origin  of  the  American  In- 
dians on  the  Asiatic  plateau  is  a  question 
which  ethnologists  are  still  busily  discussing. 

The  Lenni  Lenape,  or  Delaware  In- 
dians.— The  name  Lenni  Lenape  signifies 
"  original  people,"  and  came  to  be  applied  to 
the  river  upon  which  they  dwelt,  until  the 
English  decided  that  the  name  of  the  river 
should  be  the  Delaware.  They 
translated  the  Indian  generic  title 
into  Delaware  also.  With  the  Iro- 
quois the  Delaware  formed  the 
Algonquin  division  of  the  abo- 
rigines, and  were  at  its  head  ;  but 
not  later  than  the  middle  of  the 
seventeenth  century  they  surrend- 
ered their  primacy  at  the  dictation 
of  the  Iroquois  and  accepted  the 
humble  place  of  a  subordinate 
nation.  In  this  condition  they  were 
bound  to  abstain  from  war  and  in 
return  they  were  protected  from 
invasion.  The  pacific  relations 
which  existed  between  them  and 
the  Europeans  in  New  Jersey  is 
partially  explainable  by  their  vir- 
tual abandonment  of  the  belliger- 
ent attitude  which  had  been  their 
normal  status. 

Along  the  Delaware,  from  the 
mouth  of  the  bay  northward  on 
the  eastern  side,  were  perhaps 
twenty  sub-divisions  of  the  Lenni 
Lenape  people.  The  names  which 
have  been  preserved  are  in  some 
in.stances  generic  and  in  others 
merely  indicate  the  localities.  Isaac 
Mickle,  in  his  "  Reminiscences  of  Old 
Gloucester  County,"  hands  down  those  of  the 
Sewapooses,  Sicounesses  and  Naraticons  upon 
Raccoon  Creek,  the  Manteses  or  Manias  on 
Mantua  Creek  and  the  Armewamexes  or 
Arwames  on  Timber  Creek.  These  last- 
named  must  have  extended  their  possessions 
over  the  present  limits  of  Camden  County. 
There  are  no  reasons  to  suppose  that  they 


differed  in  any  way  from  their  neighbors  of 
the  l^enape.  According  to  Pastor  Cam- 
panius,  in  his  "  History  of  New  Sweden,"  ' 
they  constructed  their  lodges  by  placing  a 
bark  roof  upon  poles,  and  when  they  desired 
to  fortify  a  village  they  made  a  palisade  of 
logs  and  dug  a  ditch  on  the  outside.  They 
could  fashion  rude  household  utensils  of  pot- 


DELAWAEE  INDIAN   FAMILY. 
From  Caiiipaniiis'  "New  Sweden." 

terv  and  they  made  dishes  of  bark  and  cedar 

1  "  The  Indians  of  this  region  had  no  towns  or  fixed 
places  of  habitation  ;  they  mostly  wander  around  from 
one  place  to  another  and  generally  go  to  those  places 
where  they  think  they  are  most  likely  to  find  the  means 
of  support.  .  .  .  When  they  travel  they  carry  their  mats 
with  them  wherever  they  go  and  fix  them  on  poles, 
under  which  they  dwell.  When  they  want  fire  they 
strike  it  out  of  a  piece  of  dry  wood,  of  which  they  find 
plenty." 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


wood  aud  wove  l>asket,s  of  withes.  They 
were  utter  strangers  to  the  uses  of  metals 
until  tliey  learned  of  them  from  the  Europe- 
ans, but  of  stones  they  made  arrow-heads  and 
spenrdieads,  a  queer    sort   ot    a    "  gig       tor 


AN    IXDIAX    FOKr. 

eatching  iish,  war-clubs,  hatehets,  axes,  dag- 
gers  and   pestles  and   mortars,    with   which 
they  pounded    corn   into   meal   or   clay  into 
paint.     The  neolithic  or  new  stone 
i  mplements  and  weapons  unearthed 
throughout  this  county  belonged 
to  the  Lenape  Indians,  just  as  the 
paleolithic  or  older  and  ruder  stone 
tools  did  to  the   unknown  people 
who  preceded  them  and  perished  -— - 

without  leaving  any  records.  -^ — 

Their    IIei.kjious    Belief 

and  other  chaeacterlstif's. 

The  Indians  worshipped  a  Great 

Spirit  under    various   forms,   but 

the  dance  was  their  sole  religious 

ceremonial.     The  nature  of  their 

belief  in   a    Sujireme    Being    has 

never  been  more  clearly  illustrated 

than  in  the  following  letter  written 

to  a  friend  about  1746  l)y  Conrad 

Weiser,  well  known   in  the  early  history  of 

Pennsylvania  as  the  great  interpreter  of  the 

Indian  language  : 

"  If  by  religion  people  mean  an  assent  to  certain 
creeds  or  the  observance  of  a  set  of  religious  du- 
ties, as  appointed  prayers,  singing,  preaching, 
baptism  or  even  heathenish  worship,  then  it  may 


be  said  the  Five  Nations  (Iroquois  Indians)  and 
their  neighbors  have  no  religion.  But  if  by  relig- 
ion we  mean  an  attraction  of  the  soul  to  God, 
whence  proceeds  a  confidence  in  and  hunger  after 
the  knowledge  of  Him,  then  this  people  must  be 
allowed  to  have  some  religion  among  them,  not- 
withstanding their  sometimes  savage  deportment. 
For  we  find  among  them  some  traits  of  a  confi- 
dence in  ftod  alone,  and  sometimes,  though  but 
seldom,  a  vocal  calling  upon  Him." 

Weiser  then  cites  the  case  of  an  Indian 
who  accompanied  him  ujDon  one  of  his  jour- 
neys, and  who,  on  being  rescued  from  a  fall 
over  a  great  precipice,  exclaimed, — 

''  I  thank  the  great  Lord  and  Governor  of  this 
world  in  that  He  has  had  mercy  upon  me  and  has 
been  willing  that  I  should  live  longer." 

.V  few  days   later,   when   Weiser  himself" 
was  in  danger  of  death,  the  same  Indian  ad- 
dressed him  thus, — 

"  Remember  that  evil  days  are  better  than  good 
days,  for  when  we  suffer  much  we  do  not  sin  ;  sin 
will  be  driven  out  of  us  by   suffering;    but   good 


MORTAR   AND    PESTLl' 


days  will  cause  men  to  sin,  and  God  cannot  extend 
His  mercy  to  them;  l)ut,  cnnlrariwise,  when  it 
goeth  evil  with  us  God  hath  compassion  on  us." 

Again,  when,  in  1760,  a  number  of  Indians 
came  from  Wyalusing  to  Philadelphia  to 
confer  with  Governor  Hamilton  on  various 
subjects.    Chief   Papounan    is    recorded    by 


THE  INDIANS. 


Conrad  Weiser  to  have  said  to  the  Gover- 
nor,— 

"  I  think  on  God  who  made  us.  I  want  to  be 
instructed  in  His  worship  and  service  ;  the  great 
God  observes  all  that  passes  in  our  hearts  and 
hears  all  that  we  sav  to  one  another." 


.dfllHlnllmk^ 


.•  \ 


f  •>  im 


FLINT    KXIFE. 

8}^  hy  3  inchey. 


FLINT   KNIFE. 

8  by  y^l  inches. 


Of  course  all  these  Indians  whom  he 
quotes  had  derived  some  religious  ideas  from 
their  communication    with  the  whites  :  they 


PARTLY    DKILLED    PIECE    OF   STJCATITE. 

had,  in  fact,   superimposed  these  impressions 
upon  the  vague  and   misty  idealism   which 
formed  the  basi.s  of  their  original  devotions. 
2 


If  the  wo]'d  had  been  invented  in  Weiser's 
day,  ho  might  have  entitled  them  Pantheists. 
It  must  be  kept  steadily  in   mind,  however, 


CEREMONIAL   STONE   OF   GREEN. 

that  Indian  sentimentalism  concerning  the 
supernatural  was  very  apt  to  yield  to  entice- 
ments, to  plunder,  bloodshed  and  debauchery. 
Yet  they  became  skilled  theological  contro- 
vei'sialists,  if  we  are  to  place  reliance  upon  the 
alleged  reply  of  an  Indian  chief  to  a  Swedish 
missionary  who  preached  upon  original  sin 
and  the  necessity  for  a  mediator,  at  Cones- 
toga,  I^ancaster  County,  Pa.,  in  1710.     The 


HAN-J)-M  VIIE   A>rn    rlNfxER  MAEKFI)    M  SSEL    OF 
I'OTrLl.l. 

story  runs  that  the  missionary  was  so  puzzled 
by  the  Indian  logic  that  he  requested  the 
University  of  Upsal  to  furnish  him  with  a 
confutation  of  it.  The  Indian  speech,  trans- 
lated from  the  Latin  in  which  the  worthy 
cleric  embalmed  it,  is  in  part  as  follows : 

"Since  the  subject  of  his  (the  missionary's)  er- 
rand is  to  persuade  us  to  embrace  a  new  doctrine, 
perhaps  it  may  not  be  amiss,  before  we  offer  him 
the   reasons  why   we  cannot  comply  with  his  re- 


10 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


quest,  to  acquaint  him  with  the  grounds  and  prin- 
ciples of  that  religion  which  he  would  have  us 
abandon.  Our  forefathers  were  under  a  strong 
persuasion,  as  we  are,   that  those  who  act  well  in 


HOE   OF   OBEY    FLIMT,    7;1    BY    61   INCHES. 


this  life  shall  be  rewarded  in  the  next,  according 
to  the  degree  of  their  virtue ;  and  on  the  other 
hand,  that  those  who  behave  wickedly  here  will 
undergo  such  punishments  hereafter  as  are  proper- 


k:S.  /.-•  -"*'; 


HORNBLENDE  AXE. 


POLISHED  FLESHEE. 


tionate  to  the  crimes  they  are  guilty  of.  .  .  .  We 
think  it  evident  that  our  notion  concerning  future 
rewards  and  punishments  was  either  revealed  im- 


tl'L'OVED  HAMMER.     ■         POLISHED  AXE. 

mediately  from  heaven  to  some  of  our  forefathers 
and  from  them  descended  to  us,  or  that  it  was  im- 


planted in  each  of  us  at  our  creation  by  the  Cre- 
ator of  all  things.  .  .  .  Does  he  believe  that  our 
forefathers,  men  eminent  for  their  piety,  constant 
and  warm  in  the  pursuit  of  virtue,  hoping  thereby 


ORNAMENTAL  POTTERY.       GROOVED  HAMMER. 

to  meet  everlasting  happiness,  were  all  damned? 
Does  he  think  that  we,  who  are  their  zealous  im- 
itators in  good  works,  earnestly  endeavoring  with 
the  greatest  circumspection  to  tread  the  paths  of 


FLESHER   WITH    HANDLE. 


PIERCED  RECORD 
TABLET. 


integrity,  are  in  a  state  of  damnation?  .  .  .  The  Al- 
mighty, for  anything  we  know,  may  ha^e  commu- 
nicated the  knowledge  of  Himself  to  a  different 
race  of  people  in  a  different  manner.     Some  say 


BIRD  AND  TORTOISE  PIPE.   BLACK  FLINT  KNIFE. 

they  have  the  will  of  God  in  writing:  be  it  so; 
their  revelation  has  no  advantage  above  ours  since 
both  must  be  equally  sufficient  to  save,  otherwise 
the  end  of  the  revelation  would  be  frustrated.  .  .  . 
Then  say  that  the  Almighty  has  permitted  us  to 


FLINT  PER- 
FORATOR. 


DUCKS     HEAD   PIPE 


FLINT   SKIN 
SCRAPER. 


remain  in  fatal  error  through  so  many  ages  is  to 
represent  Him  as   a  tyrant.     How  is  it  consistent 


THE  INDIANS. 


11 


with  His  justice  to  force  life  upon  a  race  of  mor- 
tals without  their  consent  and  then  damn  them 
eternally  without  opening  the  door  to  their  salva- 
tion? .  .  .  Are  the  Christians  more  virtuous,  or 
rather,  are  they  not  more  vicious  than  we?  If  so 
how  came  it  to  pass  that  they  are  the  objects  of 
God's  beneficence,  while  we  are  neglected  ?  In  a 
word,  we  find  the  Christians  much  more  depraved 
in  their  morals  than  ourselves,  and  we  judge  of 
their  doctrines  by  their  conduct." 

Different  styles  of  painting  the  body  and 
face  were  adopted  for  feasting  and  for  war, 
and  tattooing  with  charcoal  for  permanent 
ornament  and  for  inscribing  the  "  totem,"  or 
representative  animal  or  sign  upon  the  indi- 
vidual. The  totems  also  served  to  distin- 
guish the  tribes :  as,  for  instance,  those  which 
occupied  New  Jersey  south  of  the  Muscon- 
etcong  Mountains  were  the  Unamis,  or  tur- 
tle, and  the  Unalachtgo,  or  wolf,  between 
whose  territories  there  seems  never  to  have 
been  any  definite  delineations.  The  men 
were  warriors,  hunters  and  fishers,  while  the 
women  tilled  the  soil  and  performed  all  the 
domestic  and  household  work. 

William  Penn,  in  a  letter  to  Henry  Savell, 
dated  Philadelphia,  30th  of  Fifth  Month,1683, 
affirms  that  "  the  natives  are  proper  and 
shapely,"  and  that  he  had  "  never  found 
more  naturall  sagacity,  considering  them 
without  y"  help — I  was  almost  going  to  say 
y°  spoyle  of  tradition."  But  in  comparing 
the  testimony  of  all  the  pioneers  who  record- 
ed their  impressions,  the  conclusion  is  evi- 
dent that  the  primitive  Indian  was  charac- 
terized by  the  same  vices  that  mark  his 
descendants  in  our  time. 

The  red  inhabitants  on  the  banks  of  the 
Delaware  possessed  a  willingness  to  be  at 
peace  with  the  white  man,  if  the  white  man 
would  permit.  In  proof  of  their  early  pa- 
cific disposition,  it  is  pertinent  to  introduce 
here  the  evidence  of  Thomas  Budd,  who  was 
a  party  to  the  conference  held  at  Burlington 
in  1668.  The  whites  were  fearing  an  attack 
by  the  Indians,  because  the  latter  were  re- 
ported as   being   angered  at  the  whites  for 


having  sold  them  match-coats  infected  with 
small-pox.  The  chiefs  were  asked  to  a  meet- 
ing with  the  settlers,  and  when  it  took  place 
one  of  them  spoke  in  behalf  of  all  in  the  fol- 
lowing lofty  strain,  as  reported  by  Budd,  and 
believed  not  to  have  been  corrupted  by  any 
modern  improvements  upon  his  text : 

"  Our  young  men  may  speak  such  words  as  we 
do  not  like  nor  approve  of,  and  we  cannot  help 
that,  and  some  of  your  young  men  may  speak  such 
words  as  you  do  not  like,  and  you  cannot .  help 
that.  We  are  your  brothers,  and  intend  to  liye 
like  brothers  with  you ;  we  have  no  mind  to  have 
war ;  ...  we  are  minded  to  live  in  peace.  If 
we  intend  at  any  time  to  make  war,  we  will  let  you 
know  of  it  and  the  reason  why  we  make  war  with 
you ;  and  if  you  make  us  satisfaction  for  the  inju- 
ry done  us,  for  which  the  war  was  intended,  then 
we  will  not  make  war  on  you ;  and  if  you  intend 
at  any  time  to  make  war  on  us,  we  would  have  you 
let  us  know  of  it  and  the  reason,  and  then  if  we  do 
not  make  satisfaction  for  the  injury  done  unto  you, 
then  you  may  make  war  on  us,  otherwise  you  ought 
not  to  do  it ;  you  are  our  brothers,  and  we  are  wil- 
ling to  live  like  brothers  with  you ;  we  are  willing 
to  have  a  broad  path  for  you  and  us  to  walk  in,- 
and  if  the  Indian  is  asleep  in  this  path,  the  Eng- 
lishman shall  pass  by  and  do  him  no  harm  ;  and  if 
an  Englishman  is  asleep  in  this  path,  the  Indian 
shall  pass  him  by  and  say,  '  He  is  an  Englishman, 
he  is  asleep ;  let  him  alone,  he  loves  to  sleep.' " 

Budd  was  so  moved  by  this  eloquent  and 
amicable  demonstration  that  he  added, — 

"  The  Indians  have  been  very  serviceable  to  us 
by  selling  us  venison,  Indian  corn,  peas  and  beans, 
fish  and  fowl,  buck-skins,  beaver,  otter  and  other 
skins  and  furs ;  the  men  hunt,  fish  and  fowl,  and 
the  women  plant  the  corn  and  carry  burthens. 
There  are  many  of  them  of  a  good  understanding, 
considering  their  education,  and  in  their  publick 
meetings  of  business  they  have  excellent  order, 
one  speaking  after  another,  and  while  one  is  speak- 
ing all  the  rest  keep  silence,  and  do  not  so  much' 
as  whisper  to  one  another.  .  .  .  The  kings  sat  on 
a  form  and  we  on  another  over  against  them ;  they 
had  prepared  four  belts  of  wampum  (so  their  cur- 
rent money  is  called,  being  black  and  white  beads 
made  of  a  fish-shell)  to  give  us  as  seals  of  the  cov- 
enant they  made  with  us ;  one  of  the  kings,  by 
consent  and  appointment  of  the  rest,  stood  up  and 


It  is  interesting  to  compare  the  above  with 


12 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


the  instructions  issued  by  the  lords  proprie- 
tors to  Governor  Philip  Carteret,  February 
10,  1664,— 

"  And  lastly,  if  our  Governors  and  Councellors 
happen  to  find  any  Natives  in  our  said  Province 
and  Tract  of  Land  aforesaid,  that  then  you  treat 
them  with  all  Humanity  and  Kindness  and  do  not 
in  anywise  grieve  or  oppress  them,  but  endeavour 
hy  a  Christian  carriage  to  manifest  Piety,  Justice 
and  Charity,  and  in  your  conversation  with  them, 
the  Manifestation  whereof  will  prove  Beneficial  to 
the  Planters  and  likewise  Advantageous  to  the 
Propagation  of  the  Gospel." 

It  is  a  matter  of  no  little  difficulty  to  sift 
the  truth  from  the  voluminous  tales  of  the 
Swedish,  Dutch  and  English  chroniclers  who 
were  among  the  first  voyagers  and  settlers. 

It  happily  remained  for  the  more  sober 
and  prosaic  clerks  who  came  up  the  Delaware 
before  and  during  Penn's  days  to  temper 
with  a  regard  for  truth  the  temptation  to  ex- 
travagant writing.  Easily  first  among  these 
was  Rev.  John  Campanius,  Swedish  chaplain 
of  Governor  Printz,  who  resided  on  Tini- 
cum  Island,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Schuyl- 
kill, from  1642  to  1648,  and  was  in  his 
leisure  hours  much  of  a  rover  on  both  sides 
of  the  Delaware.  "Writing  of  what  he  saw 
of  the  natives  in  those  six  years,  he  said, — 

"  Their  way  of  living  was  very  simple.  With 
arrows  pointed  with  sharp  stones  they  killed  the 
deer  and  other  creatures.  '  They  made  axes  from 
stones,  which  they  fastened  to  a  stick,  to  kill  the 
trees  where  they  intended  to  plant.  They  culti- 
vated the  ground  with  a  sort  of  hoe  made  from  the 
shoulder-blade  of  a  deer  or  a  tortoise  shell,  sharp- 
ened with  stones  and  fastened  to  a  stick.  They 
made  pots  of  clay,  mixed  with  powdered  mussel 
shells  burned  in  fire.  By  friction  they  made  fire 
from  two  pieces  of  hard  wood.  The  trees  they 
burnt  down  and  cut  into  pieces  for  fire-wood.  On 
journeys  they  carried  fire  a  great  way  in  punk,  or 
sponges  found  growing  on  the  trees-  They  burned 
down  great  trees,  and  shaped  them  canoes  by  fire 
and  the  help  of  sharp  stones.  Men  and  women 
were  dressed  in  skins;  the  women  made  themselves 
under-garments  of  wild  hemp,  of  which  they  also 
made  twine  to  knit  the  feathers  of  turkeys,  eagles, 
etc.,  into  blankets.  The  earth,  the  woods  and  the 
rivers  were  the  provision  stores  of  the  Indians ;  for 


they  eat  all  kinds  of  wild  animals  and  productions 
of  the  earth,  fowls,  birds,  fishes  and  fruits,  which 
they  find  within  their  reach.  They  shoot  deer, 
fowls  and  birds  with  the  bow  and  arrow ;  they 
take  the  fishes  in  the  same  manner;  when  the 
waters  are  high  the  fish  run  up  the  creeks  and  re- 
turn at  ebb  tide,  so  that  the  Indians  can  easily 
shoot  them  at  low  water  and  drag  them  ashore. 

"  They  eat  generally  but  twice  a  day,  morning 
and  afternoon ;  the  earth  serves  them  for  tables 
and  chairs.  They  sometimes  broil  their  meat  and 
their  fish ;  other  times  they  dry  them  in  the  sun  or 
in  the  smoke  and  thus  eat  them.  They  make 
bread  out  of  the  maize  or  Indian  corn,  which  they  , 
prepare  in  a  manner  peculiar  to  themselves  :  they 
crush  the  grain  between  two  great  stones,  or  on  a 
large  piece  of  wood ;  they  moisten  it  with  water 
and  make  it  into  small  cakes,  which  they  wrap  up 
in  corn  leaves  and  thus  bake  them  in  the  ashes. 
They  can  fast,  when  necessity  compels  them,  for 
many  days.  When  traveling  or  lying  in  wait  for 
their  enemies  they  take  with  them  a  kind  of  bread 
made  of  Indian  corn  and  tobacco  juice  to  allay 
their  hunger  and  quench  their  thirst  in  case  they 
have  nothing  else  on  hand.  The  drink  before  the 
Christians  came  into  this  country  was  nothing 
but  water,  but  now  they  are  very  fond  of  strong 
liquors.^  Both  men  and  women  smoke  tobacco, 
which  grows  in  their  country  in  great  abundance. 
They  have,  besides  corn,  beans  and  pumpkins,  a 
sort  of  original  dogs  with  short,  pointed  ears.  .  .  . 
When  a  Christian  goes  to  visit  them  in  their 
dwellings  they  immediately  spread  on  the  ground 
pieces  of  cloth  and  fine  mats  or  skins  ;  then  they 
produce  the  best  they  have,  as  bread,  deer,  elk  or 
bear's  meat,  fresh  fish  and  bear's  fat,  to  serve  in 
lieu  of  butter,  which  they  generally  broil  upon  the 
coals.  These  attentions  must  not  be  despised,  but 
must  be  received  with  thankfulness,  otherwise  their 
friendship  will  be  turned  to  hatred.  When  an  In- 
dian visits  his  friend,  a  Christian,  he  must  always 
uncover  his  table  at  the  lower  end,  for  the  Indian 
will  have  his  liberty ;  and  he  will  immediately 
jump  upon  the  table  and  sit  upon  it  with  his  legs 
crossed,  for  they  are  not  accustomed  to  sit  upon 
chairs  ;  he  then  asks  for  whatever  he  would  liketo 
eat  of." 

Smith,  in  his  "  History  of  New  Jersey," 
gives    in    more    detail    and    interest    than 

'  It  is  believed  to  be  a  fact,  and  a  remarkable  one  too, 
that  the  North  American  Indians  are,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  Eskimo,  the  only  people  on  the  face  of  the 
globe  who  did  not  make  for  themselves  some  intoxicat- 
ing or  stimulating  liquor. 


THE  INDIANS. 


13 


any  other  writer,  facts  relating  to  the 
social  life  of  the.  Indians  who  dwelt  on  the 
east  bank  of  the  Delaware.  The  subjoined 
description  may  be  accepted  as  a  faithful 
picture  of  the  Armewamexes,  a  local  name 
for  a  small,  tribe  who  for  a  time  inhabited  the 
locality  of  the  city  of  Camden  and  gave  to 
the  supposed  island  site  of  the  city  the  name 
of  Aquikanasra : 

"  It  was  customary  with  the  Indians  of  West 
Jersey,  when  they  buried  their  dead,  to  put  family 
utensils,  bows  and  arrows  and  sometimes  wampum 
into  the  grave  with  them.  When  a  person  of  note 
died  far  from  the  place  of  his  own  residence  they 
would  carry  his  bones  to  be  buried  there.  They 
washed  and  perfumed  the  dead,  painted  the  face 
and  followed  singly,  left  the  dead  in  a  sitting  posi- 
tion and  covered  the  grave  pyramidically.  They 
were  very  curious  in  preserving  and  repairing  the 
graves  of  their  dead  and  pensively  visited  them  ; 
did  not  love  to  be  asked  their  judgment  twice 
about  the  same  thing.  They  generally  delighted 
in  mirth;  were  very  studious  in  observing  the 
virtues  of  roots  and  herbs,  by  which  they  usually 
cured  themselves  of  many  bodily  distempers,  both 
by  outward  and  inward  applications.  They  be- 
sides frequently  used  sweating  and  the  cold  bath. 
They  had  an  aversion  to  beards  and  would  not 
suffer  them  to  grow,  but  plucked  the  hair  out  by 
the  roots.  .  .  .  Their  young  women  were  orig- 
inally very  modest  and  shame-faced,  and  at  mar- 
riageable ages  distinguished  themselves  with  a 
kind  of  worked  mats  or  red  and  blue  bags  inter- 
spersed with  small  rows  of  white  and  black  wam- 
pum, or  half-rows  of  each  in  one,  fastened  to 
it  and  then  put  round  the  head  down  to  near  the 
middle  of  the  forehead.  The  Indians  would  not 
allow  the  mentioning  of  the  name  of  a  friend  after 
death.  They  sometimes  streaked  their  faces  with 
black  when  in  mourning,  but  when  their  affairs 
went  well  they  painted  red.  They  were  great  ob- 
servers of  the  weather  by  the  moon,  delighted  in 
fine  clothes,  were  punctual  in  their  bargains  and 
observed  this  so  much  in  others  that  it  was  very 
difficult  for  a  person  who  had  once  failed  herein  to 
get  any  dealings  with  them  afterward. 

"  Their  language  was  high,  lofty  and  sententious. 
Their  way  of  counting  was  by  tens :  that  is  to  say, 
two  tens,  three  tens,  etc. ;  when  the  number  got 
out  of  their  reach  they  pointed  to  the  stars  or  the 
hair  of  their  heads. 

"  Their  government  was  monarchical  and  succes- 
sive and  mostly  of  the  mothers'  side,  to  prevent  a 


spurious  issue.  Thej  commonly  washed  their 
children  in  cold  water  as  soon  as  born,  and  to  make 
their  limbs  straight,  tied  them  to  aboard  and  hung 
it  to  their  back,  when  they  traveled  ;  they  usually 
walked  at  nine  months  old.  Their  young  men  mar- 
ried at  sixteen  or  seventeen  years  of  age,  if  by  that 
time  they  had  given  sufficient  proof  of  their  man- 
hood by  a  large  return  of  skins  of  animals.  The  girls 
married  at  thirteen  or  fourteen,  but  stayed  with 
their  mothers  to  hoe  the  ground,  bear  burdens, 
etc.,  for  some  years  after  marriage.  The  marriage 
ceremony  was  sometimes  thus  :  the  relations  and 
friends  being  present,  the  bridegroom  delivered  a 
bone  to  the  bride,  she  an  ear  of  Indian  corn  to 
him,  meaning  that  he  was  to  provide  meat,  she 
bread. 

"Some  tribes  were  commendably  careful  of  their 
aged  and  decrepit,  endeavoring  to  make  the  re- 
mains of  their  lives  as  comfortable  as  they  could. 
It  was  pretty  generally  so,  except  in  desperate  de- 
cays ;  then,  indeed,  as  in  other  cases  of  the  like 
kind,  they  were  sometimes  apt  to  neglect  them. 

"  The  native  Indians  were  grave,  even  to  sadness, 
upon  any  common,  and  more  so  upon  serious,  occa- 
sions ;  observant  of  those  in  company ;  of  a  tem- 
per cool  and  deliberate ;  never  in  haste  to  speak, 
but  waited  for  a  certainty  that  the  person  who 
spoke  before  them  had  finished  all  he  had  to  say. 
Their  behavior  in  public  councils  was  strictly  de- 
cent and  instructive ;  every  one  in  his  turn  was 
heard  according  to  rank  of  years.  Liberty  in 
its  fullest  extent  was  their  ruling  passion ;  to 
this  every  other  consideration  was  subservient. 
Their  children  were  trained  up  so  as  to  cherish 
this  disposition  to  the  utmost;  they  were  in- 
dulged to  a  great  degree,  seldom  chastised  with 
blows  and  rarely  chided.  They  dreaded  slavery 
more  than  death.  Companies  of  them  frequently 
got  together  to  feast,  dance  and  make  merry  ;  this 
sweetened  the  toils  of  hunting ;  excepting  these 
toils  and  the  little  action  before  described,  they 
scarcely  knew  any." 

Theie  Government. — A  rough  sort  of 
communal  system  was  the  basis  of  Indian 
politics  and  government.  Each  tribe  held 
its  lands  in  common,  and  all  its  males  took 
part  in  any  council  that  was  to  decide  ques- 
tions pertaining  to  the  public  weal.  The  ad- 
ministration of  government  was  a  matter  far 
from  being  confided  to  the  chiefs  or  sachems 
alone.  Charles  Thomson,  secretary  of  the 
'Continental  Congress,  whose  fragmentary 
"  Essay  upon  Indian  Affairs  "  is  invaluable. 


14 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


points  out  that  a  nation  was  composed  of  a 
number  of  tribes,  families  and  towns  united 
by  relationship  or  friendship,  each  having  a 
particular  chief.  These  components  of  the 
nation  were  united  under  a  kind  of  federal 
government,  .with  laws  and  customs  by  which 
they  were  ruled.     Mr.  Thomson  adds — 

"  Their  governments,  it  is  true,  are  very  lax, 
except  to  peace  and  war,  each  individual  having 
in  his  own  hand  the  power  of  revenging  injuries, 
and  when  murder  is  committed,  the  next  relation 
having  power  to  take  revenge  by  putting  to  death 
the  murderer,  unless  he  can  convince  the  chiefs 
and  the  head  men  that  lie  had  just  cause,  and  by 
their  means  can  pacify  the  family  by  a  present 
and  thereby  put  an  end  to  the  feud.  The  matters 
which  merely  regard  a  town  or  family  are  settled 
by  the  chiefs  and  head  men  of  the  town;  those 
which  regard  the  tribe,  by  a  meeting  of  the  chiefs 
from  the  several  towns ;  and  those  that  regard  the 
nation,  such  as  the  making  war  or  concluding 
peace  with  the  neighboring  nations,  are  determined 
on  in  a  national  council,  composed  of  the  chiefs 
and  head  warriors  from  every  tribe.  Every  tribe 
has  a  chief  or  head  man,  and  there  is  one  who  pre- 
sides over  the  nation.  In  every  town  they  have  a 
council-house,  where  the  chief  assembles  the  old 
men  and  advises  what  is  best.  In  every  tribe  there 
is  a  place,  which  is  commonly  the  town  in  which 
the  chief  resides,  where  the  head  men  of  the  towns 
meet  to  consult  on  the  business  that  concerns  them ; 
and  in  every  matter  there  is  a  grand  council,  or 
what  they  call  a  council  fire,  where  the  heads  of 
the  tribes  and  the  chief  warriors  convene  to  de- 
termine on  peace  or  war.  In  a  council  of  a  town 
all  the  men  of  the  tovvn  may  attend,  the  chief  opens 
the  business,  and  either  gives  his  opinion  of  what 
is  best,  or  takes  the  advice  of  such  of  the  old  men 
as  are  heads  of  families  or  most  remarkable  for 
prudence  or  knowledge.  None  of  the  young  men 
are  allowed  or  presume  to  speak,  but  the  whole  as- 
sembly at  the  end  of  every  sentence  or  speech, 
if  they  approve  it,  express  their  approbation  by  a 
kind  of  hum  or  noise  in  unison  with  the  speaker. 
The  same  order  is  observed  in  the  meetings  or 
councils  of  the  tribes  and  in  the  national  councils." 

Later  History  of  the  Dela wares. — 
The  declining  days  of  the  Lenni  Lenape  or 
Delaware  Indians  began  with  their  acceptance 
of  neutrality  at  the  dictation  of  the  Iroquois, 
as  already  alluded  to.  From  thence  onward  ' 
they  decreased   in  numbers  and  importance 


until  the  year  1 742,  when,  at  the  instance 
of  the  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  they 
were  ordered  by  the  Iroquois  sachems  to  re- 
move westward  from  their  domain  in  the 
Delaware  Valley.  How  completely  they  were 
under  subjugation  to  the  sturdy  braves  of 
the  North,  the  form  in  which  the  command 
was  issued  to  them  attests.  They  were,  when 
they  ventured  to  remonstrate,  told  that  they 
were  women  and  had  no  rights  in  the  land 
except  by  the  consent  of  their  masters,  and 
were  menaced  with  extermination  if  they  re- 
sisted. Sadly  they  obeyed  and  removed  into 
the  interior  of  Pennsylvania,  where  they  were 
subsequently  joined  by  their  kindred,  the 
Shawanese,  from  Virginia,  and  by  some  frag- 
ments of  Maryland  and  other  tribes.  There ' 
they  recovered  somewhat  .of  their  ancient 
spirit ;  they  made  war  upon  the  whites,  and 
after  the  Revolution  they  formed  a  combina- 
with  Eastern  and  Ohio  tribes,  which  forced 
the  Iroquois  to  remove  the  stigma  of  neutral- 
ity and  womanhood  from  them. 

This  compulsory  migration  was  not  so 
thorough,  however,  but  that  it  failed  to  in- 
clude some  scattered  bands  south  of  Trenton, 
in  this  State.  In  1749  Governor  Belcher 
wrote  that  they  amounted  to  no  more  than 
sixty  families ;  but  three  years  prior  quite  an 
alarm  had  been  created  by  reports  that  a 
large  number  of  Indians  from  the  northeast 
had  come  into  New  Jersey  with  a  view  to 
stirring  up  the  natives  to  bloodshed,  or  as  al- 
lies of  white  insurgents  who  had  organized 
to  resist  enforcement  of  the  laws  respecting 
land-titles.  The  panic  was  short-lived,  it 
soon  appearing  that  the  errand  of  the  stran- 
gers was  to  listen  to  Rev.  Brainerd,  the  fam- 
ous missionary,  who  was  then  preaching  in 
Monmouth  County.  Among  these  visitors 
was  the  Delaware  chief  Teedyuscung,  who 
had  come  down  from  the  Susquehanna 
Valley. 

The  Last  Indians  of  New  Jersey. — 
In  1755  the  Indians  who  remained  on  the 
West  Jersey  side  of  the  Delaware  manifested 


THE  INDIANS. 


15 


much  restlessness  because  of  impositions  upou 
them  and  the  occupation  by  whites  of  lands 
which  they  had  not  sold.  In  1 757  laws  were 
passed  for  their  protection,  but  were  of  such 
little  effect  in  restoring  order  that  from  May, 
1757,  to  June,  1758,  twenty-seven  murders 
of  whites  were  committed  in  West  Jersey  by 
the  Minisinks,'  In  October  of  the  latter  year 
Governor  Bernard,  through  the  intervention 
of  Teedyuscung,  obtained  a  conference  at 
Easton,  Pennsylvania,  with  the  Indians  who 
had  not  sold  out  their  lands.  The  whole  of 
the  remaining  titles  were  then  extinguished 
for  the  consideration  of  one  thousand  pounds, 
except  that  there  was  reserved  to  the  Indians 
the  right  to  fish  in  all  the  rivers  and  bays 
south  of  the  Raritan,  and  to  hunt  on  all  the 
uninclosed  lands.  A  reservation  of  three 
thousand  acres  was  provided  for  them  at 
Edge  Pillock,  Burlington  County,  and  here 
the  sixty  individuals,  who  were  all  that  re- 
mained of  the  race  that  once  possessed  the 
soil,  were  located,  and  there  they  and  their 
descendants  dwelt  until  1802,  when  they 
joined  the  Stockbridge  tribe  at  New  Stock- 
bridge,  New  York.  Thirty  years  later  a  revival 
of  the  claim  that  they  had  not  been  suffi- 
ciently compensated  for  their  ancient  hunting 
and  fishing  privileges  in  New  Jersey  led  to 
the"  mission  of  Shawuskukhkung,  a  Christian 
Indian,  who  had  been  educated  at  Princeton 
College,  and  by  the  whites  given  the  name  of 
Bartholomew  S.  Calvin.  He  presented  a 
memorial  to  the  Legislature,  which  agreed  to 
pay  the  Indians  their  full  demand  of  two 
thousand  dollars,  although  it  was  clear  that 
the  previous  settlement  had  been  intended  to 
be  final.  In  a  letter  to  the  Legislature  on  the 
passage  of  the  bill,  Calvin  wrote, — 

"The  final  actof  oflScial  intercourse  between  the 
State  of  New  Jersey  and  the  Delaware  Indians, 
who  once  owned  nearly  the  whole  of  its  territory, 
has  now  been  consummated,  and  in  a  manner 
which  must  redound  to  the  honor  of  this  growing 
State,  and,  in  all  probability,  to  the  prolongation 

1  New  Jersey  Historical  Collections,  page  01. 


of  the  existence  of  a  wasted  yet  gratefiil  people. 
Upon  this  parting  occasion  I  feel  it  to  be  an  in- 
cumbent duty  to  bear  the  feeble  tribute  of  my 
praise  to  the  high-toned  justice  which,  in  this  in- 
stance, and,  so  far  as  I  am  acquainted,  in  all  former 
times,  has  actuated  the  Councils  of  this  Com- 
monwealth in  dealing  with  the  aboriginal  inhab- 
itants. 

"  Not  a  drop  of  our  blood  have  you  spilled  in 
battle ;  not  an  acre  of  our  land  have  you  taken  but 
by  our  consent.  These  facts  speak  for  themselves 
and  need  no  comment.  They  place  the  character 
of  New  Jersey  in  bold  relief  and  bright  example  to 
those  States  within  whose  territorial  limits  our 
brethren  still  linger.  Nothing  but  benisons  can 
fall  upon  her  from  the  lipsofaLenni  Lenape. 
There  may  be  some  who  would  despise  an  Indian 
benediction  ;  but  when  I  return  to  my  people  and 
make  known  to  them  the  result  of  my  mission,  the 
ear  of  the  Great  Sovereign  of  the  universe,  which 
is  still  open  to  our  cry,  will  be  penetrated  with  the 
invocation  of  blessings  upon  the  generous  sons  of 
New  Jersey." 

WAMPra.  —  The  following  quotations 
from  works  issued  by  the  publishers  of  this 
book  are  of  special  interest : 

"  Wampum  passed  as  current  money  between 
the  early  whites  and  Indians.  There  were  two 
kinds  of  it,  the  white  and  purple.  They  were  both 
worked  into  the  form  of  beads,  generally  each 
about  half  an  inch  long  and  one-eighth  broad, 
with  a  hole  drilled  through  them  so  as  to  be  strung 
on  leather  or  hempen  strings.  The  white  was 
made  out  of  the  great  conch  or  sea-shell,  and  the 
purple  out  of  the  inside  of  the  mussel  shell.  These 
beads,  after  being  strung,  were  woven  by  the  wo- 
men into  belts,  sometimes  broader  than  a  person's 
hand  and  about  two  feet  long.  It  was  these  that 
were  given  and  received  at  their  various  treaties  as 
seals  of  friendship ;  in  matters  of  less  importance 
only  a  single  string  was  given.  Two  pieces  of 
white  wampum  were  considered  to  equal  in  value 
one  of  the  purple." — "  Hutory  of  Montgomery 
County." 

"  There  is  enough  concurrent  testimony  to  war- 
rant the  conclusion  that  the  original  purpose  of 
wampum  was  exclusively  mnemonic.  It  was  a 
sort  of  memoria  technica,  like  the  knotted  cords  of 
the  ancient  Peruvians,  and  doubtless,  if  the  Indi- 
ans had  had  intelligence  to  word  it  out,  a  system 
of  written  language  could  have  been  constructed 
of  wampum  bead  figures  as  expressive  as  that  of  a 
single  code  and  more  serviceable  than  the  Runic 
arrow-head  writing  of  the  Northmen.     Wampum 


16 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


was  given  not  only  as  a  present  and  a  courteous 
reminder,  but  also  as  a  threat  and   a  warning. 
Thus,  when,  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  in  1747,  the  chiefs 
of  the  Five  Nations  forbade  the  Lenapes  to  sell 
any  more  land  and  ordered  them  to  remove  to  the 
interior,  they  emphasized  the  command  by  hand- 
ing them  a  belt.     As  money,  its  use  came  about  in 
this  way  :    It  was  a  memorandum  of  exchange,  of 
business  transactions.     Passyund,  of  the  Munsis, 
agreed  to  let  his  daughter  marry  the  son  of  Se- 
canee,   of  the  Unamis,  and   to  give  with  her   a 
dowry  of  so  many  beaver  skins,  in  return  for  which 
Secanee's  son  was  to  hunt  so  many  days  for  Passy- 
und.    How  bind  the  bargain  and  prove  it  ?     By 
making  a  mutual  note  of  it  in  the  exchange   of 
wampum.     That  particular  belt  or  string  vouched 
for  that  particular  transaction.    Menanee,  on  the 
Allegheny,  agrees  to  sell  to  Tamanee,  on  the  Del- 
aware, a  dozen  buffalo  robes  for  forty  fathoms  of 
dulHe,  with  buttons,  thread  and  red  cloth  to  orna- 
ment.    A  belt  is  exchanged  to  prove  the  transac- 
tion.    But    that    cannot  be  completed  until  the 
goods  are  exchanged.     The  next  step   is  easy  :  to 
put  a  certain  fixed  value  on  each  bead,  so  that 
when  Tamanee  pays  a  belt  to  Menanee  for  his 
robes,  Menanee  can  at  once  hand  the  belt  over  to 
the  trader  who  has  the  goods  and  get  from  him  the 
duffle  and  the  trimmings.     Viewed  in  this  light, 
wampum  takes  rank  as  an  instrument  of  as  various 
and  important  uses  as  any  ever  employed  by  man. 
It  is  as  if  the  rosary  of  the  pious   Catholic  were 
suddenly  invested  with  the  powers  of  a  historical 
monument,  a  diplomatic  memorandum  and  a  busi- 
ness 'stub'  book,  a  short-hand  inscription  system 
which  is  equally  understood  by  tribes  of  every 
variety  of  language  and  dialect,  a  currency  of  uni- 
form value  and  universal  circulation  in   the  ex- 
change of  a  continent,  a  bank  of  deposit,  a  jewelry 
and  personal  ornament,  all  in  one.     There  is  no 
parallel  instance  in  all  the  economic  history  of 
mankind  of  an  article  so  utterly  useless  and  value- 
less in  itself  acquiring  such  a  wide  and  multifari- 
ous range  of  derivative  values  and   uses."— "  77m- 
tory  of  Philadelphia." 


Indian  Autographs. — The  following  are 
characteristic  specimens  of  Indian  autographs, 


EAKLY  COLONIAL  HISTORY. 


17. 


CHAPTER    III. 

EAELY   COLONIAI,    HISTORY. 

The  First  Navigators — Royal  Grants — Settlements  of 
the  Dutch,  the  Swedes  and  the  English — New  Jer- 
sey Established^Division  of  the  Province  into  East 
and  West  Jersey. 

England,  Holland  and  Sweden  each  bore 
a  part  in  the  discovery  and  colonization  of 
New  Jersey,  and  their  claims  so  overlapped 
each  other  that  bloodshed  and  diplomatic 
complications  marked  the  progress  of  events 
from  the  first  attempt  at  settlement  within 
the  province,  in  1623,  until  its  final  conquest 
by  the  English,  in  1664.  The  forty  years 
intervening  witnessed  the  coming  of  people 
representing  three  different  nations,  the 
conversion  of  the  proprietorship  of  much  of 
the  land  from  the  Indians  to  the  whites,  the 
founding  of  towns  on  either  bank  of  the 
Delaware  and  the  laying  of  the  foundation 
of  the  civilization  and  enlightenment  that 
now  prevails.  The  English  claim  to  the 
possession  of  this  territory  grew  out  of  the 
voyages  of  John  and  Sebastian  Cabot,  who, 
acting  under  commission  from  Henry  VII., 
sailed  along  the  coast  from  Newfoundland  to 
about  the  latitude  of  Cape  Hatteras  in  1497- 
98.  They  bore  the  royal  authority  to  plant 
the  banner  of  England  on  any  undiscovered 
lands,  and  occupy  them  in  the  name  of  the 
crown,  but  as  they  took  no  steps  towards 
planting  a  colony  to  establish  English  do- 
minion, the  way  was  thus  left  open  for  the 
conflict  of  claims  to  the  soviereignty  of  the 
territory  that  subsequently  occurred,  although 
the  English  position  was  sought  to  be 
affirmed  in  the  New  England  and  Virginia 
patents  of  King  James  I. 

The  Dutch. — The  next  claim  in  the 
order  of  time  was  that  of  the  Dutch.  On 
August  28, 1609,  Henry  Hudson,  an  English 
seaman  in  the  service  of  the  Dutch  East 
India  Company,  entered  the  mouth  of  Dela- 
ware Bay,  but  did  not  sail  up  it  because  of 
fi^nding  shallow  water  and  sand-bars,  which 
8 


he  thought  rendered  navigation  unsafe.  He 
was,  therefore,  the  discoverer  of  this  estuary 
of  the  ocean,  as  well  as  of  New  York  Bay 
and  the  Hudson  River,  and  it  was  upon  his 
achievements  that  the  Dutch  very  justly 
based  their  claim  to  the  regions  binding  upon 
the  North  (Hudson)  River  and  the  Delaware, 
or,  as  they  termed  it,  the  Zuydt  (South)  River.' 
Hudson's  report  of  his  expedition  up  the 
Delaware  was  not  calculated  to  cause  the. 
Dutch  to  turn  their  commercial  eye  toward 
this  region,  and  all  their  enterprise  in  this 
direction  was  turned  toward  Manhattan. 
Captain  Cornelis  Hendrick  sailed  up  the  bay 
in    1615-16   and  encountered    some  of  the 


HENRY   HUDSON. 

Minaqua  Indians  in  the  neighborhood  ol 
Christiana,  from  whom  he  purchased  some 
furs.  This  was  the  beginning  of  the  trade 
that  was  soon  to  induce  the  colonization  of 
the  river-shores.     The  Dutch  States-General 

1  The  Dutch  claim  to  what  is  now  New  Jersey  was 
further  increased  by  the  voyages  of  Captain  Block  and 
Captain  Jaoobse  Mey.  When  they  rendered  an  account 
of  their  discoveries,  the  company  by  whom  they  had 
been  employed  caused  a  full  report  of  the  voyages, 
with  a  map  of  the  countries  that  had  been  explored,  to 
be  laid  before  the  States-General,  with  an  application 
for  the  privileges  allowed  in  the  late  edict  of  the  State 
to  all  discoverers.  Accordingly,  on  the  11th  of  October, 
1614,  a  special  grant  wsis  made  in  favor  of  the  company. 
They  were  to  have  the  exclusive  right  to  visit  the  lands 
and  navigate  the  streams  described,  "situate  in  America 
between  New  France  and  Virginia,  the  sea-coasts  of 
which  lie  between  the  fortieth  and  forty-fifth  degrees  of 
latitude,  and  which  are  now  named  New  Netherland." 


18 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


iu  1621  chartered  the  West  India  Company, 
with  especial  coromercial  privileges,  and  in 
1 623  this  corporation  dispatched  a  ship  under 
command  of  Captain  Cornelius  Jacobse  Mey, 
with  settlers  fully  provided  with  means  of 
subsistence,  and  a  large  stock  of  articles  for 
traffic  with  the  red  men.  He  landed  some 
of  his  people  on  the  Hudson,  and  with  the 
remainder  entered  the  Delaware,  and  it  is 
from  him  that  Cape  May  takes  its  name.' 

Mey  fixed  upon  a  place  for  a  settlement 
at  Hermaomissing,  at  the  mouth  (if  the  8as- 
sackson,  the  most  northerly  branch  of  the 
Gloucester  River,  or  Timber  Creek,  "  from 
the  great  quantities  of  curious  timber,"  says 
Gabriel  Thomas,  "  which  they  send  in  great 
floats  to  Philadelphia."  (?)  Here  he  built  a 
stockade  of  logs  and  named  it  "  Fort  Nas- 
sau," in  honor  of  a  town  in  the  circle  of  the 
Upper  Rhine,  in  Germany.  This  was  the 
first  attempt  to  establish  a  settlement  upon 
the  eastern  bank  of  the  Delaware  and  in 
West  New  Jersey.^ 

A  body  I  if  men  remained  at  Fort  Nassau 
to  carrv  on  trade  with  the  natives,  but  coteni- 
porarv  records  are  almost  a  blank  as  to  their 
history  while  there.  It  is  probable  that  the 
fort  was  alternately  occupied  or  deserted  as 
the  demands  of  trade  required.  In  a  legend- 
ary channel  the  information  is  conveyed  that 
Mey  succeeded  in  opening  intercourse  with 
the  natives  and  that  the  comnninication  be- 
tween them  was  such  as  to  give  rise  to  feel- 
ings of  confidence  and  kindness. 

In  1 633  De  Yries  found  the  Indians  in  pos- 
session of  the  post.  The  Walloons,  whom  they 
had  placed  there,  had  returned  to  Manhattan, 
(New  York),  having  been  taken  off  by  <ine 
of  the  vessels  which  the  Dutch  annually  sent 
around  from  New  York  Bay.     A^an  Twiller, 

'Dr.  Mulford's  "History  of  New  .Jersey"  makes  it 
appear  that  about  the  time  of  Hendricli's  voyage  to  the 
Delaware,  Mey  made  a  similar  trip  from  New  Amster- 
dam, and  then  ramed  the  Cape,  liutlhereis  no  evidence 
that  he  landed  at  any  point,  and  he  certainly  made  no 
attempt  to  found  a  settlement. 

'  See  history  of  Gloucester  City. 


then  the  Governor  of  the  New  Netherlands, 
restored  the  fort  and  was  accused  of  incur- 
ring extravagant  expenses  in  this  recon.struc- 
tion.  The  Dutch  made  some  use  of  it  for 
trading  purposes  until  1650  or  1651,  when 
they  concluded  that  it  was  too  far  up  the 
river  to  be  of  much  value  and  so  destroyed 
the  stockades  and  buildings.  Van  Twiller 
ordering  Commissary  Arent  Corssen  to  select 
the  site  for  another  structure  on  the  river. 
In  1635  it  was  attacked  by  the  English,  who 
failed  to  capture  it  from  its  vigorous  Dutch 
defenders.  Tlie  S\vedes  repeatedly  denied 
that  the  Dutcli  had  any  fort  on  the  Delaware 
in  1  63)S,  but   against  their  assertions   can  be 


IlAVIl)    PTETERSEN    DE    VRtES. 

placed  the  Dutch  accounts  of  expenditure 
for  the  maintenance  of  Fort  Nassau  charged 
for  that  year  in  the  West  India  Company's 
books.  There  was  certainly  enough  of  a 
garrison  in  the  fort  to  report  at  once  and  pro- 
test against  the  Swedish  settlement  at  Chris- 
tiana in  April,  1638.  Four  years  later  the 
garrison  consisted  of  twenty  men  and  the 
fort  was  continually  occupied  thenceforward 
until  the  Dutch  destroyed  it. 

The  exact  site  of  this  historic  place  is  not 
determinable  and  the  original  Indian  name 
of  the  spot  cannot  be  given,  but  among  the 
tribes  who  surrounded  it  were  the  Arwames, 
who  hunted  game  and  took  fish  where  are 
now  the  towns  and  farms  of  Camden  County. 

The  claims  of  the   Hollanders  upon  West 


EARLY  COLONIAL  HISTORY. 


19 


New  Jersey  was  weakened  because  they  had 
more  important  business  to  attend  to.  The 
fur  trade  of  the  Delaware  had  dwindled  into 
insignificance  in  comparison  with  the  splen- 
did spoils  of  conquest  upon  the  sea  and  in 
South  America.  The  West  India  Company 
in  two  years  paid  a  dividend  of  fifty  per 
cent,  from  the  capture  by  its  ships,  which 
were  duly  commissioned  as  men-of-war,  of 
Spanish  silver-laden  galleons.  It  was  the 
era  of  Dutch  supremacy  on  the  ocean ;  the 
era  also  in  which  the  canny  and  brave  Hol- 
landers invaded  South  America  and,  after  the 
capture  of  Bahia  and  Pernambuco,  in  Bra- 
zil, aspired  to  the  conquest  of  the  whole 
continent.  The  neglect  to  cultivate  the  field 
open  to  them  on  the  Delaware  brought 
about  very  momentous  consequences,  one  of 
which  was  no  less  than  the  entrance  of  the 
Swedes.  William  Usselincx,  the  founder  of 
the  company,  was  one  of  its  very  few  mem- 
bers who  did  not  lose  sight  of  the  rich  op- 
portunitias  on  the  Delaware  in  the  successes 
of  Dutch  victories  elsewhere..  He  made  a 
failure  in  endeavoring  to  bring  his  business 
associates  to  his  way  of  thinking,  and  in 
1624  he  abandoned  them,  and,  transferring 
his  field  of  endeavor  to  Stockholm,  inspired 
that  wise  statesman,  King  Gustavus  Adol- 
phus,  of  Sweden,  with  the  idea  of  forming  a 
Swedish  West  India  Company. 

Yet  all  the  sagacity  did  not  depart  from 
Holland  when  Usselincx  went  to  visit  the 
Swedish  King.  John  De  Laet,  Killian  Van 
Rensselaer,  Samuel  Godyn,  Samuel  Blom- 
maert  and  other  rich  merchants  of  Amster- 
dam had  received  word  from  Isaac  De  Ea- 
sieres,  secretary  to  Peter  Minuet,  predecessor 
of  Van  Twiller  as  Governor  of  the  New 
Netherlands,  that  while  the  Dutch  were 
being  compelled,  through  fear  of  the  Indians, 
to  concentrate  at  New  Amsterdam  (New 
York),  there  was  a  chance  for  a  vast  land 
speculation  on  the  Zuydt  Eiver.  They  se- 
cured from  the  States-General  a  feudal  con- 
stitution, which  gave  them  great  privileges  of 


land  acquisition  outside  of  Manhattan  Island, 
and  they  formed  an  agreement  by  which 
Godyn  and  Blommaert  became  the  proprie- 
tors of  a  tract  of  land  thirty-two  miles  long 
and  two  miles  deep,  "  from  Cape  Henlopeu 
to  the  mouth  of  a  river."  They  took  into 
partnership  David  Pietersen  De  Vries,  and 
in  1631  sent  Captain  Heyes  to  the  Delaware 
in  the  ship  "  Walrus."  The  latter  established 
on  the  Horekill  Creek,  where  the  town  of 
Lewes  now  stands,  a  colony  called  Swannen- 
dael  (the  Valley  of  Swans),  and  constructed 
Fort  Oplandt  for  their  protection.  Heyes 
placed  Gilliss  Hossett  in  command,  and 
then,  crossing  to  the  Jersey  shore,  bought 
from  ten  chiefs  there,  on  behalf  of  the  Godyn 
and  Blommaert  syndicate,  a  block  of  terri- 
tory extending  twelve  miles  northward  along 
the  bay  from  Cape  May,  and  the  same  dis- 
tance inland.  In  May,  1632,  De  Vries  was 
ready  to  set  sail  from  the  Texel  for  the  Del- 
aware, when  the  news  was  brought  him  that 
the  garrison  of  Fort  Oplandt,  some  thirty 
men,  had  been  massacred  by  the  Indians. 
Arriving  off  Swannendael  in  the  following 
December,  he  found  it  utterly  destroyed,  and 
the  remains  of  men  and  cattle  mingled  with 
the  charred  fragments  of  the  block-house  and 
palisade.  He  was  told  that  an  Indian  chief 
had  stolen  the  Dutch  coat-of-arms,  erected  in 
front  of  the  fort ;  that,  to  appease  the  whites, 
the  Indians  had  brought  them  the  head  ot 
the  robber,  and  that  the  tribe,  of  which  he 
was  a  member,  had  slaughtered  the  colonists 
in  revenge.  De  Vries'  journal  demonstrates 
that  he  placed  no  confidence  in  this  story, 
but  explained  the  massacre  by  attributing  to 
the  Dutch  shocking  perfidy  and  cruelty  in 
their  dealings  with  the  Indians,  and  in  the 
treatment  of  their  squaws,  that  had  provoked 
the  latter  to  inflict  a  fearful  punishment.' 
De  Vries  accepted  this   melancholy   and 

1  According  to  Aorelius  and  Onderdonek,  the  garri- 
son remaining  in  Fort  Nassau  were  also  massacred  by 
the  Indians  when  they  slaughtered  the  people  at  Fort 
Oplandt. 


20 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


sanguinary  event  as  terminating  for  the  time 
being  all  schemes  of  colonization  on  the  Del- 
aware, but  he  did  what  he  could  to  restore 
confidence  by  negotiating  the  first  treaty  of 
peace  ever  concluded  with  the  Indians  and 
propitiating  them  with  gifts.  Trading  with 
them  for  furs  as  he  advanced,  he,  on  January 
10,  1633,  cast  anchor  on  the  bar  of  Jacques 
Eylandt  (Windmill  Island),  opposite  where 
the  city  of  Camden  is  now  built.  For  much 
of  the  winter  his  ship  was  held  in  the  river 
by  the  ice,  and  when  released,  in  March,  he 
ran  down  the  coast  to  Virginia,  and  then  re- 
turning to  the  Delaware,  embarked  his  com- 
patriots along  its  shores  and  turned  the  prow 
of  his  vessel  homeward.  Thus  was  relin- 
quished the  Dutch  enterprise  of  colonization 
on  this  stream,  and  Indian  possession  of  it 
remained  unbroken  until  the  Swedes  came, 
in  1 638,  except  for  the  occasional  occupancy 
of  Fort  Nassau  by  trading  parties  who  came 
southward  from  Manhattan.  There  remained 
nothing  to  show  for  the  ambitious  efforts  of 
the  West  India  Company  except  what  little 
profit  had  been  made  in  the  trade  in  furs. 

The  Swedes.— Upon  the  settlement  of 
the  Swedes  at  Tinicum,  under  Governor 
John  Printz,  a  few  families  crossed  to  the 
east  side  of  the  river  and  made  a  settlement 
called  Elfsburg,  now  in  Elsinboro'  township, 
Salem  County.  Another  settlement  was 
made  on  Raccoon  Creek,  in  Gloucester  Coun- 
ty, where  now  the  village  of  Swedesboro' 
stands.  This  settlement  became  the  chief 
post  on  the  east  side  of  the  Delaware.  It 
grew  and  prospered,  and  its  people  purchased 
titles  to  the  lands  of  the  proprietors  under 
the  grant  to  the  Duke  of  York.  A  few 
families  of  Swedes  also  settled  at  the  mouth 
of  Woodbury  Creek,  but  they  remained  there 
only  a  few  years. 

In  the  limits  of  what  is  now  Camden 
County  a  few  Swedes  settled  and  remained 
for  a  short  time  at  Fort  Eriwomac,  after  its 
abandonment  by  the  adherents  of  Sir  Ed- 
mund Ployden,  and  from   that   time,  to  the 


occupancy  of  the  territory  under  the  grant 
to  the  Duke  of  York,  March  12,  1664,  it 
remained  in  the  possession  of  the  Indians. 
A  few  Swedes  remained  in  tlie  lower  part 
of  Gloucester  County. 

The  English. — The  occupancy  of  West 
Jersey  by  the  English  was  under  Sir  Edmund 
Ployden,  who,  June  21, 1634,  received  a  let- 
ter from  Charles  I.,  King  of  England,  for 
all  that  territory  lying  between  New  Eng- 
land and  Maryland.  In  this,  as  in  most 
early  grants,  no  regard  was  paid  to  previous 
claims,  and  in  1664  it  was  entirely  ignored 
by  the  King  in  the  grant  to  the  Duke  of 
York. 

The  government  of  the  territory  under 
the  grant  to  Ployden  was  vested  in  him,  and 
he  styled  it  the  province  of  New  Albion. 
Some  of  his  friends,  among  whom  were  Cap- 
tain Young,  Robert  Evelyn  and  thirteen 
traders,  left  England  soon  after  the  grant 
was  obtained,  and  sailed  for  the  new  territory. 
They  came  up  the  Delaware  River  and  landed 
at  the  mouth  of  Pensaukin  Creek  (now 
in  Stockton  township,  Camden  County), 
where  were  living  a  few  families  of  Indians 
under  a  chief  by  the  name  of  Eriwomac.  At 
this  place  a  fort  was  built,  which  was  named 
Fort  Eriwomac,  where  the  settlers  remained 
four  years,  expecting  that  Ployden  would 
send  over  to  them  a  colony  of  settlers.  In 
the  meantime  he  formed  a  government  in 
England  to  take  possession  of  the  province. 
A  colony,  in  1636,  sailed  up  the  Delaware 
River  about  sixty  miles,  to  near  what  is  now 
the  town  of  Salem,  and  settled  there. 

A  number  of  "  Knights  and  Gentlemen  " 
chose  Beauchamp  Plantagenet  to  select  a 
site  for  them  to  establish  a  colony  in  New 
Albion,  and  they  were  combined  with  Ploy- 
den to  raise  the  energies  of  the  latter's  com- 
pany. To  excite  the  greater  interest,  an 
order  of  knighthood  was  instituted,  whicli 
should  have  for  one  of  its  objects  the  con- 
version of  the  Indians  to  Christianity.  Their 
title  was  "The  Albion  Knights  of  the  Con- 


EARLY  COLONIAL  HISTORY. 


21 


version  of  the  Twenty-three  Kings,"  the 
designation  having  reference  to  the  number 
of  Indian  chiefs  supposed  to  exercise  sway 
in  the  province.  But  this  ambitious  project 
came  to  naught,  and  Ployden  and  Plantagenet 
made  no  second  visit  to  the  Palatinate,  as 
New  Albion  was  officially  styled.  Their 
operations  are  by  no  means  clearly  recorded, 
but  what  is  positively  known  of  them  in- 
vests them  with  a  fascination  for  students  of 
the  secrets  of  history. 

The  settlers  at  Fort  Eriwomac  became 
disheartened  in  waiting  for  the  earl,  and 
after  four  years  abandoned  the  fort  and 
settled  above  and  below  it,^  along  the  shores 
of  the  Delaware. 

Evelyn  soon  returned  to  England  and 
wrote  a  glowing  account  of  the  country, 
urging  the  earl  to  visit  the  country  and 
take  with  him  "three  hundred  men  or  more, 
as  there  is  no  doubt  but  that  he  may  doe 
very  well  and  grow  rich."  Plantagenet 
laid  out  the  territory  on  the  banks  of  the 
Delaware  into  manors  and  named  them 
Watcessit.  The  manor  embracing  what  is 
now  Salem  County  was  chosen  and  set  apart 
for  the  earl.  It  was  described  by  Plantag- 
enet as  being  on  "  the  Manteses  plain,  which 
Master  Evelyn  voucheth  to  be  twenty  miles 
broad  and  thirty  long,  and  fifty  miles 
washed  by  two  fair  navigable  rivers,  of  three 
hundred  thousand  acres  fit  to  plow  and 
sow  corn,  tobacco,  flax  and  rice,  the  four 
staples  of  Albion."  Three  miles  from 
Watcessit  lay  the  domain  of  Lady  Barbara, 
Baroness  of  Richneck,  adjoining  Cotton 
River  (Alloway's  Creek),  "  so  named  of  six 
hundred  pound  of  cotton  wilde  on  tree  grow- 
ing." The  historian  of  Albion  added  that 
this  property  was  "of  twenty- four  miles 
compasse,  of  wood,  huge  timber  trees,  and 
two  "feet  black  mould,  much  desired  by  the 
Virginians  to  plant  tobacco."  The  earl 
came  to  the  manor  in  1641  and   remained 

*See  history  of  Stockton  toWDship, 


here  with  him,  and  they  "  marched,  lodged 
and  cabin  ned  together  among  the  Indians" 
for  seven  years.  When  he  published  his 
book,  in  1648,  it  was  with  the  object  of 
furthering  a  project  for  the  emigration  of 
the  "  viscounts,  barons,  baronets,  knights, 
gentlemen,  merchants,  adventurers  and 
planters  of  the  hopeful  colony,"  who  had 
bound  themselves  in  England  to  settle  three 
thousand  able,  trained  men  in  the  Palatine's 
domain.  But  they  failed  to  fulfill  their  con- 
tracts, perhaps  because  in  the  convulsions  at 
home  that  were  forerunners  of  the  execution 
of  Charles  I.  and  the  establishment  of  the 
Protectorate  under  Cromwell,  enterprises  in 
the  New  World  were  dwarfed  out  of  sight. 
Nothing  more  is  known  of  Ployden  and  New 
Albion,  for  a  new  class  of  contestants  was 
about  to  fill  the  stage. 

New  Jeesey  Established. — The  Duke 
of  York,  on  casting  about  for  court  favorites 
high  in  rank  and  wealth  to  whom  to  assign 
some  fractions  of  the  territorial  succession 
made  him  by  thecrown,  selected  Lord  Berkeley 
and  Sir  George  Carteret,  to  whom  he  convey- 
ed the  land  specified  as  follows  : 

"  This  indenture  made  the  three  and  twentieth 
day  of  June,  in  the  sixteenth  year  of  the  Eaigne 
of  our  Sovereign  Lord  Charles  the  Second,  by  the 
Grace  of  God  of  England,  Scotland,  France  and 
Ireland,  King,  Defender  of  the  faith — Anno 
Domine  1664.  Between  his  Royal  Highness  James 
Duke  of  York  and  Albany,  Earl  of  Ulster,  Lord 
High  Admiral  of  England  and  Ireland,  Constable 
of  Dover  Castle,  Lord  Warden  of  the  Cinque  Ports, 
and  Governor  of  Portsmouth  of  the  one  part ; 
John  Lord  Berkeley,  Baron  of  Stratton,  and  one 
of  his  Majestie's  most  honorable  Privy  Council ; 
and  Sir  George  Carteret  of  Sattrum,  in  the  county 
of  Devon,  Knight,  and  one  of  his  Majestie's  most 
honorable  Privy  Council,  of  the  other  part,  Wit- 
nesseth  that  said  James  Duke  of  York,  for  and  in 
consideration  of  the  sum  of  ten  shillings  of  lawful 
money  of  England,  to  him  in  hand  paid,  by  these 
presents  doth  bargain  and  sell  unto  the  said  John 
Lord  Berkeley  and  Sir  George  Carteret,  all  that 
tract  of  land  adjacent  to  New  England,  and  lying 
and  being  to  the  westward  of  Long  Island:  Bound- 
ed on  the  east  part  by  the  main  sea,  and  part  by 
Hudsoa's  River,  and  hath  upon  the  west  Delaware 


22 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Bay  or  Eiver,  and  extendetli  southward  to  the 
main  ocean  as  far  as  Cape  May,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Delaware  Bay,  and  to  the  northward  as  far  as 
the  northernmost  branch  of  said  Bay  or  Eiver 
of  Delaware,  which  is  in  forty-one  degrees  and 
forty  minutes  of  latitude,  and  worketh  over  thence 
a  straight  line  to  Hudson's  River — which  said  tract 
of  land  is  hereafter  to  be  called  by  the  name  or  names 
of  Nova  Csesareaor  New  Jersey." 

The  name  was  given  in  honor  of  Sir 
George  Carteret,  who  in  1649  was  Governor 
of  the  Isle  of  Jersey,  and  had  made  a  most 
gallant  defense  of  it  for  the  Royalists.  He 
was  treasurer  of  the  navy  and  vice-chamber- 
lain of  the  King's  household  under  the 
Restoration.  Being  detected  in  peculation, 
he  was  eventually  expelled  from  the  House 
of  Commons  in  1669. 

The  grant  to  Berkeley  and  Carteret  was  a 
conveyance  of  the  powers  of  government  as 
well  as  of  the  rights  of  property,  and  they 
thus  became  rulers  as  well  as  owners  of  the 
country.  On  February  10,  1664,  they  issued 
the  first  Constitution  of  New  Jersey,  which 
continued  in  force  until  the  province  was  di- 
vided, in  1676.  It  was  entitled  '•'  The  Con- 
cession and  Agreement  of  the  Lords  Propri- 
etors of  the  Province  of  New  Csesarea  or  New 
Jersey  to  and  with  all  and  every  of  the  ad- 
venturers and  all  such  as  shall  settle  or  plant 
there."  It  provided  for  a  government  com- 
posed of  a  Governor  and  Council  and 
General  Assembly.  The  Governor  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  Proprietors  and  he  selected 
six  Councillors  at  least  or  twelve  at  most,  or 
any  even  number  between  six  and  twelve. 
These  constituted  the  General  Assembly,  with 
the  addition  of  a  representative  body  to  be 
chosen  by  the  people,  as  follows  :  So  soon  as 
the  proprietors'  commission  should  be  re- 
ceived in  the  province,  a  writ  should  be  is- 
sued by  the  Governor  for  the  election  of 
twelve  deputies  by  such  inhabitants  as  were 
freemen  or  the  chief  agents  of  others.  But 
so  soon  as  parishes  or  other  divisions  of  the 
province  should  be  made,  the  inhabitants  or 
freeholders  of  the  several  divisions  should  by 


writ  meet  on  each  1st  of  January  and  choose 
freeholders  for  each  respective  division,  to  be 
deputies  or  representatives  of  the  same,  which 
body  of  representatives,  or  a  major  part  of 
them,  should,  with  the  Governor  and  the 
Council,  compose  the  General  Assembly. 
Of  the  general  scope  of  the  form  of  govern- 
ment tlius  set  up,  Dr.  Mulford,  in  his  "  His- 
tory of  New  Jersey,"  says, — 

"  It  embodied  many  of  the  principl&s  which  be- 
long to  the  most  liberal  institutions.  It  gave 
entire  exemption  to  the  people  from  all  taxation, 
except  such  as  their  representatives  should  as- 
sent to,  and  as  a  further  security  of  property,  it 
gave  to  the  Assembly  the  full  control  over  all 
the  expenditures  of  government.  Freedom  of 
conscience  and  worship  was  secured  to  every  one 
who  should  conduct  himself  as  a  peaceable  citi- 
zen. The  lands  of  the  province  were  distributed 
to  the  settlers  for  a  quit-rent  of  half  a  penny  per 
acre,  not  to  be  paid  until  1670.  Justice  was  to  be 
administered  by  tribunals  erected  under  popular 
authority,  and  an  additional  security  against  the 
arbitrary  exercise  of  power  was  given  by  the  con- 
cession of  an  unlimited  privilege  of  appeal  or  pe- 
tition. .  .  .  By  the  increase  of  numbers  in  the 
representative  branch  of  the  General  Assembly 
the  popular  element  would  have  finally  acquired  a 
degree  of  strength  that  must  have  given  it  a  con- 
trolling influence,  but  the  actual  working  of  the 
plan  did  not  entirely  agree  with  its  general  the- 
ory." 

Simultaneously  with  signing  the  "  Conces- 
sions," the  proprietors  appointed  Philip  Cart- 
eret, a  brother  of  Sir  George,  Governor  of 
New  Jersey,  and  in  August,  1665,  he  landed 
at  a  place  to  which  he  gave  the  name  of 
Elizabeth,  in  honor  of  his  sister-in-law, 
Lady  Carteret.  This  was  the  first  perma- 
nent settlement  in  the  province.  He  found 
trouble  on  his  hands  at  the  moment  of  his 
arrival.  Colonel  Nicho.Us,  who  had  been 
placed  in  charge  of  affairs  at  New  York  by 
the  Duke  of  York,  had  already  exerted  au- 
thority over  New  Jersey,  which  he  had 
named  Albania,  and  under  his  plan  of  settle- 
ment, parties  had  acquired  from  the  Indians 
titles  to  the  Elizabethtown  tract  and  the 
Monmouth  patent,  which  later  was  the  foun- 


EARLY  COLONIAL  HISTORY. 


23 


dation  of  Middletown  and  Shrewsbury.  He 
entertained  exalted  notions  of  what  he  might 
accomplish  in  "Albania"  and  argued  flu- 
ently with  the  duke  for  the  revocation  of  the 
Berkeley  and  Carteret  grant,  and  while  he  was 
compelled  to  surrender  New  Jersey,  he  sowed 
the  seeds  of  ultimate  dissension  and  confu- 
sion, but  he  could  not  prevent  Philip  Carteret 


BOUNDARY  MAP  OF  EAST  AND  WEST  JERSEY. 

from  taking  possession  of  the  new  settlement. 
Elizabethtown  was  made  the  capital  of  the 
colony  ;  Newark  was  founded ;  flourishing 
hamlets  appeared  on  the  shores  of  the  bay  as 
far  south  as  Saudy  Hook. 

From  July  30, 1673,  to  February  9, 1674, 
New  Jersey  was  again  in  the  possession  of 
the  Dutch,  in  consequence  of  the  surrender 
of  New  York  to  the  Dutch  fleet.  They  had 
just  put  a    government  in   Achter  Kol,  as 


they  named  the  province,  on  a  working  basis 
when  the  treaty  of  peace  between  England 
and  Holland  restored  the  country  to  the 
former.  King  Charles  II.  issued  a  new 
patent  to  the  Duke  of  York,  covering  the 
same  territory  as  that  of  1663,  and  the  duke 
executed  a  new  conveyance  to  Sir  George 
Carteret,  Lord  Berkeley  having,  on  March  18, 
1673,  sold  the  whole  of  his  right  and  title  to 
the  province.  But  just  previous  to  making 
the  deed  to  Carteret,  the  duke  gave  a  com- 
mission to  Edmund  Andros  as  Grovernor  of 
the  whole  country  from  "  the  west  side  of 
Connecticut  River  to  the  east  side  of  Dela- 
ware   Bay;"    and    this     duplicity    of    the 


WILLIAM   PENN'S   COAT  OF  ARMS. 

duke's,  the  exactions  of  Andros  and  the 
sale  made  by  Berkeley  gave  rise  to  much 
trouble.  Carteret  defended  his  claim  against 
Andros,  but  Berkeley  sold  his  interest  in  New 
Jersey  to  John  Fenwick,  to  be  held  in  trust 
for  Edward  Byllynge. 

Philip  Carteret,  in  1671,  resumed  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  province.  He  was  opposed 
in  every  act  by  Andros,  who  kept  the  colony 
in  an  uproar.  Carteret  was  finally  arrested 
and  taken  to  New  York  for  trial.  In  the 
mean  time  Byllinge  made  an  assignment  of 
his  property  to  William  Penn,  Gawen  Laurie 
and  Nicholas  Lucas,  who  were  prominent  mem- 
bers of  the  Society  of  Friends  in  England. 


24 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Penn  and  his  associates  applied  to  Sir  George 
Carteret  and  secured  assent  for  a  division  of 
New  Jersey  so  that  the  interests  of  the  Friends 
and  that  of  Carteret  would  be  separate.  The 
line  of  division  was  drawn  from  the  south- 
ern point  of  land  on  the  east  side  of  Little 
Egg  Harbor  to  a  point  on  the  Delaware  in 
the  latitude  of  forty-one  degrees  and  forty 
minutes.  The  part  east  of  the  line  remained 
to  Sir  George  Carteret  as  sole  proprietor  and 
was  named  "  East  New  Jersey."  The  part 
lying  between  the  line  and  the  Delaware  was 
called  "  West  New  Jersey  "  and  passed  under 
the  control  of  William  Penn  and  his  associ- 
ates. 

Governors   of  New  Jersey — Chrono- 
logical List. 

GOVERNORS   OF   EAST   JERSEY. 

Philip  Carteret 1665  to  1681 

Robert  Berkeley 1682  to  1685 

Thomas  Rudyard,  Deputy-Gov 1683 

Gawen  Lawrie 1683 

Lord  Niel  Campbell 1685 

Andrew  Hamilton 1692  to  1697 

Jeremiah  Basse 1698  to  1699 

GOVERNORS   OF   WEST   JERSEY. 

Samuel  Jennings,  Deputy 1681 

ThomasOliver,  Governor 1684  to  1685 

John  Skein,  Deputy 1685  to  1687 

William  Welsh,  Deputy 1686 

Daniel  Coxe 1687 

Andrew  Hamilton ,  1692  to  1697 

Jeremiah  Basse,  Deputy 1697  to  1699 

Andrew   Hamilton,  Governor  1699  till  surrender 
to  the  Crown  in  1702. 

EAST   AND    WEST   JERSEY    UNITED. 

Lord  John  Cornbury,  Gov 1703  to  1708 

John  Lovelace  (died  in  office) 1708 

Lichard  Ingolsby,  Lieut.-Gov 1709  to  1710 

Gen.  Andrew  Hunter 1710  to  1720 

William  Burnet 1720  to  1727 

.John  Montgomery 1728  to  1731 

Lewis  Morris 1731  to  1732 

William  Crosby 1732  to  1736 

John  Hamilton 1736  to  1738 

The  above  were  also  Governors  of  New  York  at 
the  same  time. 

SEPARATE  FROM   NEW   YORK. 

LewisMorris 1738  to  1746 


John  Hamilton. 1746  to  1747 

Jonathan  Belcher 1747  to  1757 

John  Reading 1757  to  1758 

Francis  Barnard 1758  to  1760' 

Thomas  Boone 1760  to  1761 

Thomas  Hardy 1761  to  1763 

William  Franklin 1763  to  1766 

REVOLUTIONARY  AND  STATE  GOVERNMENT. 

William  Livingston 1776. to  1790 

William  Patterson 1790  to  1792 

Richard  Howell 1792  to  1801 

John  Lambert,  Vice-Pres.  of  Council  1802  to  1803 

.Joseph  Bloomfield  1803  to  1812 

Aaron  Ogden 1812  to  1813 

William  S.  Pennington 1813  to  1815 

Mahlon  Dickerson 1815  to  1817 

Isaac  H.  Williamson 1817  to  1829 

Garret  D.  Wall  (declined)  1829 

Peter  D.  Vroom 1829  to  1832 

Samuel  Southard 1832  to  Feb.,  1833 

Elias  P.  Seeley 1833  to  1834 

Peter  D.  Vroom 1835  to  1836 

Philemon  Dickerson .' 1836  to  1837 

William  Pennington 1837  to  1843 

Daniel  Haines 1843  to  1844 

UNDER  NEW  CONSTITUTION. 

Charles  C.  Stratton 1845  to  1848 

Daniel  Haines 1848  to  1851 

George  F.  Fort 1851  to  1854 

Rodman  M.  Price 1854  to  1857 

William  A.  Newell 1857  to  1860 

Charles  S.  Olden 1860  to  1863 

Joel  Parker.. 1863  to  1866 

Marcus  L.  Ward 1866  to  1868 

Theodore  F.Randolph 1869  to  1872 

Joel  Parker 1872  to  1875 

Joseph  D.  Bedle 1875  to  1878 

Gen.  George  B.  McClellan 1878  to  1881 

George  C.  Ludlow 1881  to  1884 

Leon  Abbett 1884  to  1887 


CHAPTER     IV. 

THE     FRIENDS    IN     WEST     .lERSEY. 

Nearly  all  of  the  people  who  lived  on  the 
territory  now  embraced  within  the  county  of 
Camden  and  of  the  most  part  of  West  Jersey, 
for  one  hundred  years  after  the  first  settlement 
was  made,  were  members   of  the  Society  of 


a- 


(The  Duke  of  York— James  II.) 


(Sir  John-  Berkeley,  Prope. 


WW) 


Gov.  p.  Carteret. 


^T^zJ^KT/ 


(Sir  Edmund  Andros.) 


(Edward  Hyde,  Lord  Viscount  Cornbury.) 


^Mi/^ 


T 


(Gov.  Robert  Barclay.) 


■P4r<-^n,  yiJL(7a. 


CUiA. 


(Thomas  Codrington,  Prope.) 


(Lord  Neill  Campbell. 


(Robert  Vauqubllin,  Pkopk.) 


26 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Friends.  They  were  the  representative  people 
of  the  western  division  of  the  colony  and 
for  many  years  controlled  the  Legislative 
Assembly.  Their  history  in  this  province,  as 
well  as  in  that  of  Pennsylvania,  is  fraught  with 
much  interest  and  instruction. 

The  Society  of  Feiends,  or  Quakers, 
arose  in  England  about  the  middle  of  the  sev- 
enteenth century,  a  time  of  considerable  reli- 
gious excitement,  when  the  honest-hearted  were 
aroused  by  the  general  prevalence  of  vice  and 
immorality  in  which  the  King  and  court  were 
butexamples.  The  term  Quaker  (i.e., Trembler) 
was  first  used  in  1650,  and  was  given  to  the 
Friends   in    derision    by  Justice  Bennet,  of 
Derby,  because  George  Fox,  the    founder  of 
the  society,  bade  him  and  his  companions  to 
tremble  at  the  word  of  the  Lord.     Its  appli- 
cation was  further  induced  by  the    fact  that 
some  of  the  early  preachers  and  others  trem- 
bled violently  when    under   strong  religious 
exercise.        They   even    accepted   the   name 
Quaker,  so  far  as  to  style  themselves  "  the 
people  called  Quakers  "    in  all  official  docu- 
ments intended  for  publication  to  the  world 
at  large.     The  early   form  of  marriage  cer- 
tificates contained  the  expression  "  the  people 
of  God   called   Quakers,"  but  in    1734  the 
Yearly  Meeting  for  Pennsylvania  and  New 
Jersey  agreed  "  that  ye  words  '  of  God '  and 
'called  Quakers  '  be  left  out  of  that  form  for 
the  future."     In    1806    the   expression  was 
changed  to  the  "  religious  society  of  Friends." 
Some   of  their   principal   characteristics,  as 
diffisring    from  other   professing  Christians, 
was   in   opposition   to  all  wars,  oaths  and  a 
paid    ministry,    or   grace   of  God,  which   is 
given  to  every  man  as  a  guide  to   salvation. 
George  Fox  says,  moreover,  "  When  the  Lord 
sent  me  forth  into  the  world,  he  forbade  me 
to  put   off  my  hat  to  any  one,  high  or  low, 
and  I  was  required  to  thee  and  thou  all  men 
and  women,  without  any  respect   to   rich  or 
poor,  great   or  small,  and  this  made  the  sex 
and  professions  to  rage,  but  the  Lord's  power 
carried  me  over  all  to  His  glory,  and  many 


came  to  be  turned  to  God  in  a  little  time, 
for  the  heavenly  day  of  the  Lord  sprang 
from  on  high  and  broke  forth  apace." 

For  refusing  to  pay  tithes  in  England,  the 
goods  of  Friends  were  taken  to  many  times 
the  value ;  for  absence  from  the  natioual 
worship  twenty  pounds  per  month  was  im- 
posed, and  when  brought  before  the  courts, 
the  oath  of  allegiance  was  tendered  to  them 
as  a  pretext,  upon  their  refusal  to  disobey  the 
injunction  "swear  not  at  all,"  for  the  impo- 
sition of  further  penalties.  Meetings  of  the 
Friends  were  broken  up,  and  in  many  cases 
they  were  shamefully  abused.  The  sober; 
upright  lives  of  Friends  were  a  constant  re- 
proach, and  aroused  the  hatred  of  many 
around  them.  It  is  probable  that  fully  one- 
half  of  their  sufferings  were  due  to  this 
cause,  as  their  persecutors  certainly  cared  lit- 
tle for  religion. 

In  1659  a  petition  was  presented  to  Parlia- 
ment, signed  by  one  hundred  and  sixty-four 
Friends,  offering  their  own  bodies,  person  for 
person,  to  lie  in  prison  instead  of  such  of  their 
brethren  as  were  under  confinement  and  in 
danger  as  of  theii-  lives  therefrom.  More 
than  two  hundred  and  fifty  died  in  prison, 
and  while  some  in  England  were  sentenced  to 
banishment,  it  was  only  in  New  England 
that  a  few  were  hung  and  others  had  their 
ears  cut  off. 

Their  Emigratk^n  to  America. — Per- 
secutions were  continued  with  more  or  less 
severity  until  the  accession  of  William  and 
Mary  to  the  throne  of  England,  when  an  act 
of  toleration  was  passed  in  1689.  Prior  to 
this,  however,  many  Friends  had  sought  a 
home  for  religious  liberty  in  Massachusetts, 
Long  Island  and  New  Jersey,  and  when 
William  Penn  established  his  colony,  in  1682, 
it  was  but  natural  that  a  large  number 
should  have  been  attracted  thither.  The  first 
settlement  of  Friends  in  New  Jersey  was  at 
Salem  in  1676,  and  at  Burlington  in  1678. 

A  few  of  the  early  settlers  within  the 
present  limits  of  Camden  County  came  here 


THE  FRIENDS  IN  WEST  JERSEY. 


27 


frbm  Burlington  settlement,  and  from  that 
source  obtained  authority  for  the  organization 
of  their  religious  meetings.^ 

The  little  notice  taken  of  the  interests  of 
William  Penn  in  New  Jersey  and  of  his  con- 
nection with  the  initiatory  stepsfor  colonizing 
the  territory  and  establishing  a  form  of  gov- 
ernment, is  a  noticeable  feature  in  the  writ- 
ings of  his  biographers.  This  may  be  ac- 
counted for  by  the  willingness  of  his  admir- 
ers to  subordinate  everything  to  his  success- 
ful efforts  in  founding  a  colony  of  his  own, 
which  soon  overshadowed  the  sparse  settle- 
ments on  the  east  side  of  the  Delaware  River, 
which  had  been  planted  by  and  were  under 
the  patronage  of  John  Fen  wick.  It  was  more 
than  seven  years  before  he  received  the  grant 
for  Pennsylvania  that  Penn  became  interested 
in  the  effort  to  establish  in  America  a  colony 
where  Friends  could  enjoy  with  freedom  the 
dictates  of  their  conscience. 

'  Plans  of  Obganization. — The  organization  and 
subordination  of  the  Meetings  of  Friends  are  as  follows  : 
One  or  more  Meetings  for  worship  constitute  one  Pre- 
parative Meeting ;  one  or  more  Preparative  Meetings 
constitute  one  Monthly  Meeting ;  several  Monthly  Meet- 
ings constitute  one  Quarterly  Meeting ;  several  Quarterly 
meetings  constitute  one  Yearly  Meeting,  which  is  an  in- 
dependent body ;  yet  the  different  T  early  Meetings 
maintain  more  or  less  of  correspondence  with  each 
other. 

The  Preparative  Meetings  are  held  monthly,  and 
generally  in  the  month  prior  to  the  regular  Monthly 
Meetings,  for  the  preparation  of  reports  and  other  busi- 
ness to  be  presented  thereat.  The  Monthly  Meetings 
are  the  principal  executive  branch  of  the  Society  for  the 
exercise  of  the  discipline  over  members.  Regular  and 
voluminous  reports  of  the  proceedings  are  recorded,  as 
well  as  records  of  births,  deaths  and  marriages.  "  In- 
dulged "  Meetings  for  stated  periods  are  held  by  sanc- 
tion of  Monthly  Meetings  ;  but  all  Meetings  subordinate 
to  are  established  permanently  by  authority  of  the 
Quarterly  Meetings,  and  these  in  turn  by  the  Yearly 
meeting. 

The  first  Meeting  established  in  what  is  now  Camden 
County  was  the  old  Newton  Meeting.  There  are  at 
present  four  meetings  in  the  county,— -Haddonfield 
Meeting,  Newton  Meeting  and  Hicksite  Friends'  Meet- 
ings in  Haddonfield  and  in  Camden.  Sketches  of  each 
of  them  are  given  in  the  history  of  the  places  in  which 
they  wre  situated. 


When  Lord  Berkeley  (on  March  18, 1673), 
as  mentioned  in  the  preceding  chapter,  con- 
veyed to  John  Fenwick  his  individual  moi- 
ety of  New  Jersey,  for  reasons  which  do  not 
appear,  the  right  was  questioned  by  the  cred- 
itors of  Edward  Byllynge,  a  brewer  of  West- 
minster, London,  at  that  time  insolvent,  they 
suspecting  that  Edward  Byllynge  had  paid 
for  the  grant  with  money  justly  due  to  them. 
After  much  controversy  between  John  Fen- 
wick, Edward  Byllynge   and  Edward  Byl- 
lynge's  creditors,  William  Penn  was  called 
upon  to  act  as  arbitrator ;  who,  after  careful 
examination  and  inquiry,  decided  that  John 
Fenwick  was  entitled  to  but  ten  parts,  and 
that  he  (Fenwick)  should  convey  the  ninety 
parts    of  said    territory  to   such   persons  as 
should  be  chosen  as  trustees  for  the  benefit 
of  Edward  Byllynge's  creditors.  Thecreditors, 
who  were  mostly  Friends,  pressed  Penn  into 
their  service  as  one  of  the  trustees  in  the  sale 
of  these  lands  and  iu  the  payment  of  Byl- 
lynge's debts,  the  others  being  Gawen  Lau- 
rie and   Nicholas   Lucas.     On  February  9, 
1674,  John  Fenwick  made  conveyance  of  the 
ninety  parts  to  said    trustees,  reserving  ten 
parts  whereon  was  planted  his  colony.     In 
the  discharge  of  the  intricate  duties  which 
his  position  as   trustee   imposed  upon  him, 
Penn's  sense  of  justice  and  fair  dealing  was 
often  displayed,  as  were  also  his  foresight  and 
business    penetration.      The  records   of  the 
times  prove  that  while  thus  engaged  he  ren- 
dered many  valuable  services  not  incident  to 
his  stewardship,  and  also  helped  to  frame  a 
form  of  government  acceptable  to  adventur- 
'  ers,  that  met  the  wishes  of  the  owners  as 
well. 

During  these  days  the  leading  and  more 
thoughtful  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends 
were  casting  about  them  for  some  "  new 
country  "  where  the  adherents  to  their  relig- 
ious belief  could  be  at  peace,  and  where  their 
persons  and  estates  would  be  secure  from  the 
hands  of  those  who,  under  the  color  of  law, 
excused  their  shameless  persecutions.     "  The 


28 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


plantations  in  America,"  as  heretofore  stated, 
were  attracting  some  attention,  and  the  re- 
ports from  there  as  to  climate  and  soil  were 
good.  William  Penn  was  at  that  time  a 
prominent  and  influential  member  of  the  So- 
ciety, and  being  one  of  the  trustees  of  Byl- 
lynge,  New  Jersey  was  naturally  looked  to  as 
the  spot  where  their  wishes  could  be  real- 
ized, and  in  its  settlement  they  became  inter- 
ested. 

The  primary  object  was  to  sell  the  land  to 
colonists,  or  the  debts  of  Edward  Byllynge 
could  never  be  discharged,  and  to  prompt 
Friends  to  avail  themselves  of  the  opportun- 
ity which  now  offered,  a  form  of  government 
had  to  be  established  and  promulgated  em- 
bodying the  fundamentals  sought  for,  but  not 
so  much  at  variance  with  the  home  policy  as 
to  be  rejected  by  those  in  authority.  This 
was  a  delicate  task,  and  yet  a  necessary  one, 
for  this  wilderness  country  had  few  induce- 
ments to  cause  people  to  break  up  their  homes 
and  settle  here.  Passing  over  the  Concessions 
and  Agreements  published  by  Berkeley  and 
Carteret,  in  1 664,  as  applied  to  the  whole 
territory  of  New  Jersey,  "The  Concessions 
and  Agreements  of  the  proprietors,  freehold- 
ers and  inhabitants  of  the  province  of  West 
New  Jersey  in  America,"  as  made  in  1676, 
show  the  success  of  William  Penn  and  his 
associates  in  their  first  efforts  to  establish  the 
true  basis  of  a  representative  government  by 
placing  the  fountain  of  power  in  the  people. 

These  "  concessions,"  contained  in  forty- 
four   chapters,  are  the    best  evidence   of  the 
broad  views   and    liberal   sentiments  of  the 
framers  whose  object  was  to  secure  those  who   ' 
came   within    their    operation    and   control 
against  the   encroachments   and  abuses  from 
which  they  were  then  suffering.     No  one  can 
read  them  without  being  convinced  that  men 
of  strong  minds  and   decided  purpose  only 
could  so  well  put  their  intentions  into  words. 
Touching  the  vital    question    of  taxation 
the  subject  was  met  in  this  plain    and  direct 
manner : 


"  They  are  not  to  impose,  or  suffer  to  be 
imposed,  any  tax,  custom  or  subsidy,  tollage, 
assessment,  or  any  other  duty  whatsoever, 
upon  any  color  or  pretence,  how  specious 
soever,  upon  the  said  province  and  inhabit- 
ants thereof,  without  their  own  consent  first 
had,  or  other  than  what  shall  be  imposed  by 
the  authority  and  consent  of  the  General  As- 
sembly, and  that  only  in  manner  and  for  the 
good  ends  and  uses  as  aforesaid." 

And  again,  that  of  "  the  exercise  of  their 
consciences  in  matters  of  religious  worship," 
is  neither  vague  nor  ambiguous. 

"  That  no  man,  nor  number  of  men  upon 
earth,  hath  power  or  authority  to  rule  over 
men's  consciences  in  religious  matters;  there- 
fore it  is  consented,  agreed  and  ordained  that 
no  person  or  persons  whatsoever  within  said 
province  at  any  time  or  times  hereafter,  shall 
be  any  ways,  upon  any  pretence  whatever 
called  in  question,  or  in  the  least  punished 
or  hurt,  either  in  person,  estate  or  privilege, 
for  the  sake  of  his  opinion,  judgment,  faith 
or  worship  towards  God  in  matters  of  relig- 
ion, but  that  all  and  every  such  person  and 
persons  may  from  time  to  time  and  at  all 
times  freely  and  fully  have  and  enjoy  his  and 
their  judgments,  and  the  exercise  of  their 
consciences  in  matters  of  religious  worship 
throughout  all  the  said  province." 

In  these  "concessions  and  agreements  "  al- 
most every  detail  necessary  to  the  proper 
working  of  a  new  system  was  anticipated 
and  provided  for,  and,  as  was  demonstrated,  it 
only  needed  a  sufficient  number  of  settlers  in 
the  colony  to  warrant  its  success. 

To  say  that  William  Penn  had  neither 
part  nor  lot  in  the  production  of  this  docu- 
ment would  be  to  ignore  all  knowledge  of , 
the  man,  and  his  subsequent  life  of  useful- 
ness devoted  always  to  the  advancement  and 
benefit  of  his  fellow-creatures.^ 

1  William  Penn  afterwards  became  proprietor  of  the 
ProTinoe  of  Pennsylvania,  and  with  his  further  history 
every  intelligent  reader  is  familiar.  After  a  life  of 
great  usefulness,  he  died  on  the  30th  day  of  the  Fifth 
Month,  1718,  in  the  74th  year  of  his  age.     His  remains,  , 


THE  FRIENDS  IN  WEST  JERSEY. 


29 


Not  one  of  the  New  England  States,  nor 
New  York  nor  A^irginia  was  quite  equal  to 
West  New  Jersey  in  its  love  and  practice  of 
perfect  religious  toleration.  Under  the  dom- 
inant ideas  of  the  Friends  governing  here, 
no  man  was  asked  for  or  about  his  creed 
when  offering  himself  as  a  candidate  for 
public  office.  Never  before,  anywhere  else 
that  we  know  of,  was  there  set  to  the  world 
such  an  example  of  absolute  and  harmless 
toleration.  The  Puritans  did  noble  things 
for  liberty;  the  Hollanders  did  nobler;  but 
the  Friends,  as  far  as  their  influ- 
ence extended,  did  noblest. 

The  authors  of  this  remarkable 
Constitution  addressed  the  Society 
of  Friends  of  Eno-land,  recom- 
mending  the  province,  and  invited 
them  to  emigrate  to  it.  The  in- 
vitation was  not  in  vain,  and  before 
the  end  of  the  year  1677  a  colony 
of  more  than  four  hundred  Friends 
found  homes  in  West  Jersey,  and 
many  more  during  the  years  im- 
mediately succeeding.  When  the 
ships  bearing  the  Burlington  im- 
migrants in  the  year  l(j78,  arrived 
in  the  Delaware  the  agent  of  An- 
dros,  at  New  Castle,  required  them 
to  pay  duties  at  that  point,  but 
Sir  William  Jones  decided  this  to 
be  illegal,  and  the  claims  of  the  Duke  of  York 
on  West  Jersey  were  then  withdrawn  and 
the  Friends  were  left  in  the  full  enjoyment  of 
independence.  In  November,  1689,  Samuel 
Jennings,  the  Deputy-Governor  of  West  Jer- 
sey, convened  the  first  General  Assembly, 
and  the  Friends  met  together  to  make  their 
own  laws.  They  reaffirmed  the  Concessions, 
declared  all  races  and  religions  equal,  forbade 
imprisonment  for  debt  and  the  sale  of  ardent 
spirits  to  the  red  men,  demanded  that  lands 
be  acquired  from   the   Indians   by  purchase, 

were  interred  in  the  burying-ground  surrounding  Jor- 
dans  Friends'  Meeting-Hou-ie  in  Bucliinghamshire,  Eng- 
land. 


and  permitted  that  a  criminal  might  be  par- 
doned by  the  person  against  whom  the  offense 
was  committed. 

William  Penn  and  eleven  other  Friends  pur- 
chased the  province  of  East  Jersey  in  1682. 
Robert  Barclay,  of  Scotland,  author  of  a  book 
entitled  "  Barclay's  Apology,"  was  appointed 
Governor  for  life,  and  the  whole  of  New 
Jersey  was  then  controlled  by  the  Friends. 
During  Barclay's  administration  there"  was  a 
largeimmigration  of  Scotch  and  Irish  Friends, 
who  came  to  this  province  to  find  freedom. 


WILLIAM    PENN'S    BUEIAL   PLACE. 


The  first  settlers  of  these  people  who  pur- 
chased lands  in  what  is  now  Camden  Coun- 
ty, obtained  shares  in  the  proprietary  right 
of  Edward  Byllyiige's  trustees  about  1677, 
and  a  few  years  later  they  came  to  this  coun- 
ty and  located.  The  line  fixed  between 
East  and  West  Jersey,  July  1,  1676,  pro- 
vided that  the  territory  of  the  province  be 
laid  off  into  ten  precincts,  which,  however, 
were  not  so  laid  off  until  January  14,1681, 
old  style.  At  that  time  Daniel  Leeds  was 
surveyor-general  of  the  Province  and  was  or- 
dered by  the  commissioners  to  divide  the 
river-front  of  the  Delaware  from  Assanpink 
to  Cape  May  into  ten    equal   parts,  running 


30 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


each  tenth  "so  far  back  into  the  woods"  as 
to  give  it  an    area  of  sixty-four   thousand 
acres.     This  was  accomplished,  and  the  third 
and  fourth  tenths  extended  from   the  river 
Crapwell,  or  Pensaukin  Creek,  on  the  north 
to  the  river  Berkeley,  or  Oldmaus  Creek,  on 
the  south ;  each  of  the  tenths  laid  out  as  above 
mentioned    were   also   divided   into   tenths, 
and  were  each  called  a  share  of  propriety. 
Many  of  the  Society  of  Friends  had  fled  from 
the  persecutions  to  which  they  were  subjected 
in  England  to  Dublin,  Ireland,  and  their  at- 
tention was  attracted  to  the  new  country  by 
the  exciting  troubles  between   Edward  Byl- 
lynge  and  John  Fen  wick,  and  on  the  12th  of 
April,    1677,  Robert  Turner,  Robert  Zane, 
Thomas  Thackara,  William  Bates  and  Joseph 
Sleight,  all  of  Dublin,  with  the  exception  of 
Williaai  Bates,  who  was  of  the  county  of 
Wickloe,  Ireland,  purchased  one  whole  share 
of    propriety  of   the   trustees  of  Byllynge, 
which  included  the  right  to  locate  within  the 
limits  of  West  Jersey.     The  proprietors  of 
West  Jersey  then  set  aside  for  this  colony  of 
Friends  the  third  tenth,  which  was  from  that 
time  called  the  third  or  Irish  tenth.'     In  the 
years    1681-82  it   was    provided  that  each 
tenth  on  which  there  were  settlements  should 
send  to  the  Assembly  ten    delegates.     The 
third   or   Irish   tenth    having   at   this  time 
passed  to  the  occupancy  of  the  Dublin  col- 
ony, seven  of  them  were  chosen  to  represent 
the   district,    viz. :    William    Cooper,  Mark 
Newbie,  Henry  Stacy,  Francis  Collins,  Sam- 
uel   Cole,    Thomas    Howell    and    William 
Bates.    The  fourth  tenth  was  not  represented, 
as  few,  if  any,  English   people  were  at  that 
time  within  its  limits.     This  Assembly  met 
yearly  until   1685,  when,  by  reason   of  con- 
fusion arising  from  the  attempt  of  Byllynge 
to  assume  the  government,  the  Assembly  did 
not  meet  again  until  November  3,  1692. 
From   the  first  landing  of  the  Dutch,  in 

1  A  further  account  of  the  settlement  of  this  colony 
will  Ije  found  in  the  history  of  Haddon  township,  in  this 
volume. 


1623,  to  1682  no  permanent  settlement  of 
the  English  had  been  effected  within  the  lim- 
its of  what  is  now  Camden  County.  The 
foregoing  has  brought  us  down  to  the  time 
when  the  inhabitants  of  the  third  tenth  and 
fourth  tenth  in  the  Province  of  West  Jersey 
was  represented  in  the  Legislative  Council  of 
the  Slate,  from  which  time  begins  the  early 
history  of  old  Gloucester  County,  as  given  in 
the  succeeding  pages. 


CHAPTER  V. 

EARLY   HISTORY   OF   OLD    GLOUCESTER. 

The  preceding  chapter  described  the  royal 
grants  and  the  occupation  under  them,  of  the 
Dutch,  the  Swedes  and  the  English,  from 
the  grant  of  1621  to  the  settlement  of  the 
Dublin  colony  on  the  third  or  Irish  tenth, 
which  comprised  the  territory  now  embraced 
i  in  Camden  County.  Soon  after  the  meeting 
of  the  Assembly  in  November,  1685,  the 
proprietors,  freeholders  and  inhabitants  of 
the  third  and  fourth  tenths,  who  had  been 
subjected  to  many  inconveniences  for  the 
transaction  of  public  business  by  reason  of 
the  distance  from  the  county-seat  of  Burling- 
ton and  Salem,  met  at  Arwames  (Gloucester 
Point),  pursuant  to  public  notice,  on  the  26th 
of  May,  1686,  during  the  administration  of 
Governor  Samuel  Jennings,  and,  after  much 
discussion  and  mature  deliberation,  adopted 
a  Constitution  for  the  government  of  the  ter- 
ritory lying  between  Pensauken  Creek  and 
Oldmans  Creek,  it  being  the  third  and 
fourth  tenths,  to  which  they  gave  the  name 
Gloucester  County ;  it  thus  became  the  only 
county  in  West  Jersey  organized  directly 
through  the  action  of  its  own  people.  This 
Constitution  provided  for  the  holding  of  courts 
at  Gloucester  and  Red  Bank,  and  for  the  elec- 
tion of  county  officers.  It  also  prescribed  the 
details  of  legal  practice  and  provided  for  the 
recording  of  the  marks  of  hogs  and  cattle.  The 


EARLY  HISTORY  OF  OLD  GLOUCESTER. 


31 


erection  of  Gloucester  County  by  the  authority 
of  the  inhabitants  within  its  bounds  was  con- 
firmed by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  prov- 
ince in  1694.  Its  boundaries  were  not  defi- 
nitely defined  and  it  is  evident  from  an  act 
of  Assembly,  passed  the  same  year  the  erec- 
tion of  the  county  was  confirmed,  that  it  did 
not  extend  to  the  sea-coast,  as  the  act  referred 
to  provides  that  the  few  settlers  residing  at 
Egg  Harbor  shall  be  under  jurisdiction  of 
Gloucester  County  until  there  shall  be  a  suf- 
ficient number  to  constitute  a  county.  In 
January,  1709,  an  act  was  passed  more 
clearly  defining  the  county  boundaries,  and 
in  that  act  Egg  Harbor  and  its  vicinity  were 
embraced  in  Gloucester  County.  Its  bounds 
were  given  as  follows:  "Gloucester  County 
begins  at  the  mouth  of  Pensaukin  Creek; 
thence  up  the  same  to  the  fork  thereof;  thence 
along  the  bounds  of  Burlington  County  to 
the  sea  ;  thence  along  the  sea-coast  to  Great 
Egg  Harbor  River  ;  thence  up  said  river  to 
the  fork  thereof;  thence  up  the  southernmost 
and  greatest  branch  of  the  same  to  the  head 
thereof;  thence  in  a  direct  line  to  the  head  of 
Oldmans  Creek  ;  thence  down  the  same  to 
the  Delaware  River  to  the  place  of  begin- 
ning." In  1837  Atlantic  County  was  erected, 
as  contemplated  in  the  act  of  1694,  out  of 
the  sea-coast  townships,  and  in  1844  the 
townships  of  Camden,  Waterford,  Newton, 
Union,  Delaware,  Gloucester  and  Washing 
ton,  then  constituting  a  part  of  Gloucester 
County,  were  erected  into  the  new  county  of 
Camden,  which  was  named  after  the  city  de- 
signed to  be  its  county-seat. 

Extracts  from  Gloucester  County 
Records.— The  first  court  for  the  original 
county  of  Gloucester  was  held  at  Glqucester 
in  September,  1686,  with  Justices  Francis 
Collins,  Thomas  Thackara  and  John  Wood 
on  the  bench.  The  sheriff's  jury  list  included 
the  names  of  William  Hunt,  William  Bates, 
William  Alvertson,  William  Lovejoy,  Henry 
Wood,  Jonathan  Wood,  John  Hugg,  James 
Atkinson,  Thomas  Sharp,  Thomas  Chaun- 


ders,  George  Goldsmith,  John  Ladde,  Daniel 
Reading,  John  Ithel,  John  Bethell,  Thomas 
Matthews,  William  Dalboe,  Anthony  Neil- 
son,  John  Matson,  Thomas  Bull,  John  Tay- 
lor, William  Salisbury,  Matthew  Medcalfe 
and  William  Cooper.  The  findings  of  this 
court  are  evidence  that  after  the  adoption  of 
the  Arwames  Constitution  the  people  of 
Gloucester  County  considered  themselves  an 
independent  government,  with  the  power  to 
levy  taxes,  fix  boundaries,  etc.  The  Decem- 
ber court  at  Gloucester  in  1687  presented 
two  BurlingtoQ  officers  for  conveying  accused 
persons  out  of  its  jurisdiction  for  trial  at 
Burlington,  and  compelled  one  of  them  to 
make  apology.  This  difficulty  was  caused  by 
a  dispute  concerning  county  boundaries.  The 
grand  jury,  at  the  February  Session  of  the 
court  for  the  same  year,  ordered  the  first  tax 
to  be  laid,  levying  a  shilling  for  every  hun- 
dred acres  of  land,  two  pence  for  each  head 
of  cattle,  a  tax  of  two  pence  on  each  freeman 
having  neither  land  nor  cattle  and  an  addi- 
tional head  tax  of  one  shilling  on  all  men  not 
possessed  of  such  property.  Taxes  were 
made  payable  in  money  or  produce,  and  an 
increase  in  double  the  amount  could  be  dis- 
trained for  in  case  of  delinquency.  Taxes 
continued  to  be  laid  by  the  grand  jury  till 
1694,  when  the  power  was  vested  by  Pro- 
vincial Assembly  in  a  quorum  of  the  county 
justices,  "  with  the  advice,  concurrence  and 
assistance"  of  the  grand  jury.  In  1713 
this  power  was  vested  in  the  justices  and 
chosen  freeholders,  where  it  remained  until 
the  organization  of  the  Board  of  Freeholders 
of  the  members  from  each  township,  on  Feb- 
ruary 13,  1798.  From  a  taxing  act  passed 
in  1750  it  appears  that  there  were  then  in 
the  county  fourteen  stores  and  shops,  twenty- 
seven  mills,  five  ferries  and  more  than 
twenty-five  taverns. 

The  first  murder  trial  was  a  case  of  infan- 
ticide which  occurred  in  1701,  but  the  court 
record  does  not  show  what  penalty  was 
inflicted  on  the  defendant. 


32 


HISTORY  OF  DAMPEN  COUTSTTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


The  case  was  tried  by  the  Governor,  Lord 
Cornbury,  in  person,  and  on  December  19th 
the  following  record  was  made  : 

"  We,  the  Grand  Jury  of  the  County  of  Glouces- 
ter, doe  order  eighteen  pence  to  by  twelve  bushels 
of  charcoal  for  the  prisoner,  and  two  pounds  two 
sh'.Dings  to  by  three  match  coats  for  the  prisoner's 
use  so  long  as  she  hath  occasion  for  it,  and  then 
to  be  reserved  for  the  County's  use.  We  allow 
seven  shillings  and  sixpence  to  the  clerk  for  five 
warrants  to  the  collector  to  gather  the  above  tax. 
We  further  allow  Matthew  Metcalfe  twelve  shil- 
lings and  six  pence  for  defraying  the  Lord  Corn- 
bury's  retinue's  expenses  when  he  was  lately  at 
Gloucester,  and  six  shillings  to  John  Siddons  for 
a  Coffin  for  the  murthered  child,  and  six  shillings 
more'we  allow  him  by  discount  of  his  old  tax  in 
1694  for  bringing  the  Justices  and  Coroner  to 
Gloster.  We  allow  eight  pounds  four  shillings  and 
four  pence  for  defraying  the  Lord  Cornbury's  and  ^ 
his  attendance's  expences  when  he  was  lately  at 
Gloucester." 

Among  the  earliest  marriages  recorded  in 
the  county  was  that  of  Samuel  Taylor  and 
Elizabeth  Ward,  on  January  13,  1687,  and 
George  Ward  and  Hannah  Waynwright,  on 
November  17,  1697.  The  first  birth  re- 
corded was  that  of  the  child  of  John  and 
Jane  Burroughs,  of  Gloucester  River,  March 
14, 1687. 

The  earliest  recorded  meeting  of  justices 
and  freeholders  was  held  on  the  5th  day  of 
the  Second  Month,  1715.  The  justices  pres- 
ent M'ere  Richard  Bull,  John  Inskeep, 
George  Lawrence  and  John  Rambo  ;  the 
freeholders,  John  Kaighn,  Peter  Long,  John 
Ladd,  Jacob  Clement,  Joseph  Cooper,  Jaco- 
bus Collin  and  John  Shivers.  They  pro- 
vided for  the  building  of  a  new  prison  and 
court-house  by  a  tax  of  eighty  pounds,  and 
made  another  levy  of  fifteen  pounds  to  pay 
bounties  for  the  destruction  of  wolves,  pan- 
thers and  red  foxes.  The  sum  of  thirty 
pounds  was  ordered  raised  in  1716  for  the 
same  purposes,  and  in  1717  the  board  levied 
a  tax  of  ten  pounds  for  completing  the 
prison,  twenty  pounds  for  wolves,  panthers 
and  red  foxes,  and  seventy  pounds  for  Tim- 


ber Creek  bridge..  Assessors,  collectors  and 
commissioners  were  appointed  to  carry  the 
action  of  the  board  into  effect.  At  the 
meeting  of  November  1,  1721,  the  sheriff, 
Josiah  Kay,  was  allowed  James  More's 
horse,  saddle  and  brass  pistol  for  executing 
the  man,  who  seems  to  have  been  convicted 
of  highway  robbery,  and  £9  8s.  for 
executing  Christiana  Boff,  the  murderer 
of  her  child.  In  the  minutes  of  the 
board  on  May  3,  1750,  Samuel  Harrison, 
the  sheriff,  brought  in  a  bill  of  £17  12s.  for 
whipping  James  McBride  and  for  executing 
John  Johnson,  John  Steward  and  Ebenezer 
Caral.  On  this  claim  the  following  entry 
was  made  : 

"  The  Board,  taking  sd  bill  into  Consideration,  al- 
low for  ye  Eopes  and  diging  ye  Graves,  14s.  8  ;  & 
for  ye  rest  are  of  Opinion  yt  its  ye  Sheriff's  Office 
to  see  ye  Law  Executed  upon  Convicts ;  and  as 
they  know  no  Law  yt  Intitles  him  to  any  Pay  for 
ye  Execution  of  his  Office  in  Such  Case,  think, 
therefore,  it  would  be  a  ill  Presedent  and  not 
warrentable  in  them  to  allow  said  Bill  or  any  of  ye 
like  kind." 

The  court  and  jury  seem  always  to  have 
had  a  lively  sense  of  their  dignity  and 
to  have  been  jealous  of  maintaining  it.  On 
June  1,  1702,  Nathaniel  Zane  was  fined  ten 
shillings  for  his  "  affront,  Abuse  and  under- 
vallueing  of  ye  forman  of  ye  Grand  Jury ;" 
and  on  December  1st,  Jeremiah  Bate  was  fined 
thirty  shillings  "  for  several  Contemptuose 
and  Reflecting,  Abusive  Expressions  used  to-  . 
wards  ye  Bench  ;"  but  "  upon  his  humble  sub- 
mission to  ye  Bench  and  desire  of  fforgetful- 
ness,  ye  same  is  remitted  and  forgotten." 
An  instance  of  the  anxiety  of  the  Friends, 
who  were  the  principal  settlers  of  Glouces- 
ter, to  purge  the  community  of  all  question- 
able characters,  was  the  case  of  Amos  Nich- 
olson, who,  having  come  into  the  town  of 
Greenwich,  was  presented  by  the  grand 
jury,  June  2,  1701,  as  "  being  a  man  of  ill- 
fame,"  and  required  to  leave  the  township  or 
give  security  to  indemnify  the  township 
against  his  becoming  a  dangerous  or  trouble- 


EARLY  HISTORY  OF  OLD  GLOUCESTER. 


33 


THE  STOCKS. 


some  neighbor.  A  vagrant  negro,  having 
been  brought  into  court  September  1,  1701, 
by  the  sheriff,  whose  charges  amounted  to 
£9  8-?.,  the  negro  was  ordered  to  be  sold   for 

two  years  to  any 
one  who  would 
pay  the  charges, 
his  master  having 
the  privilege  of 
reclaiming  him 
by  making  the 
same  disburse- 
ment. ■ 

The  stocks,  the  pillory  and  the  whipping- 
post were  used  in  Colonial  days  for  the 
punishment  of  criminals  on  various  occasions. 
They  were  doubtless  brought  into  use  under 
the  authority  of  the  old 
Gloucester  courts.  The 
punishment  by  the  pil- 
lory was  severe  and  ex- 
cruciating, the  criminal 
being  placed  in  a  stand- 
ing position.  It  was  not 
uncommon  for  men  to 
swoon  under  the  pain  of 
the  jiillory  or  the  stocks. 
The  system  by  which 
assisted  immigrants  per- 
formed service  in  return 
for  the  payment  of  their  ' 
passage-money  to  this 
country  was  in  full  force,  as  appears  in  this 
minute  of  the  court's  proceedings  of  March 
2,  1701  : 

"  Griffith  Morgan  makes  complaint  agst  a  Ser- 
vant woman  of  her  deserting  of  his  Service  ye  Ist 
of  Instant.  The  servant  appearing  and  alledging 
that  her  passage  was  paid  in  Scotland,  she  came 
from,  and  that  she  was  not  any  servant;  upon 
which  ye  sd  Griffith  produces  an  order  of  Chester 
Court,  in  Pensilvania,  for  her  service  of  five  years 
to  one  E.  Evan,  &c.,  and  his  assignment  to  ye  sd 
Griffith.  Whereupon  ye  Bench  order  that  ye  sd 
Servant  perform  her  time  of  Servitude,  according 
to  ye  sd  assignment." 

The  township  and  county  boundaries  were 
5 


THE    PILLORY 


determined  in  1761,  Richard  Matlack, 
Henry  Wood,  John  Hinchman,  Wm.  Davis, 
James  Whiteall,  Joshua  Lord,  Francis  Bat- 
ten and  Jacob  Spicer  having  been  appointed 
by  the  Board  of  Freeholders,  on  May  13th, 
to  have  the  work  done.  They  employed 
as  surveyor  Samuel  Clement  to  run  the 
line,  and  his  completed  work  was  sub- 
mitted to  the  board  at  the  September  meet- 
ing. In  1764  Surveyor  Thomas  Denny 
ran  and  marked  the  lines  between  Gloucester 
and  Salem  Counties.  He  was,  himself,  a 
member  of  the  commission  charged  with  the 
undertaking,  his  associates  being  Francis 
Battin  and  George  Flanigan.  In  the  fol- 
lowing year  the  arms  belonging  to  the 
county  were,  by  order  of  the  justices  and 
freeholders,  divided  into  four  equal  lots  and 
delivered  to  John  Hinchman,  John  Mickle, 
Samuel  Harrison,  John  Hider,  Alexander 
Randall,  George  Flanigan,  Michael  Fisher 
and  John  Sparks,  who,  pursuant  to  instruc- 
tions, sold  them  and  turned  the  proceeds  into 
the  county  treasury. 

Public  Building.s. — A  jail  was  built 
at  Gloucester  in  1689.  (See  history  of  Glou- 
cester City).  Courts*  were  held  in  taverns 
and  private  houses  until  1696,  when  a 
court-house  and  jail  as  one  building  was 
erected,  which,  with  additions  and  repairs, 
was  used  until  178G,  when  it  was  destroyed 
by  fire,  and  a  majority  of  the  Board  of  Free- 
holders voted  in  favor  of  erecting  new 
structures  instead  of  repairing  the  old  ones, 
and  agreed  to  petition  the  General  Assembly 
for  an  act  to  erect  new  buildings  at  such  a 
place  as  shall  be  designated  by  a  majority  of 
the  people  of  the  county  at  an  election  to  be 
held  for  that  purpose. 

Woodbury  becomes  the  County-Seat. 
— Notwithstanding  that  there  is  no  recorded 
evidence  of  the  matter,  it  is  a  generally  ac- 
cepted belief  that  the  election  was  held,  that 
the  people  voted  to  locate  the  new  building  at 
Woodbury,  and  that  this  decision  transferred 
the  county-seat  from  Gloucester  to  that  town. 


34 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


On  August  3,  1786,  James  Browu,  John 
Jessop  and  Samuel  Hugg  were  constituted 
"  to  agree  with  the  workmen  and  purchase 
materials  for  the  building  of  the  gaol  and 
court-house  at  Woodbury,"  and  a  tax  of 
£108  6s.  8d.  was  ordered  to  defray  the  ex- 
pense. At  the  meeting  of  the  board,  on  Sep- 
tember 29,  1786,  the  board  accepted  John 
Bispham's  offer  of  a  lot  at  Woodbury,  and 
James  Wilkins,  John  Wilkins  and  Joseph 
Reeves  were  appointed  a  committee  to  survey 
the  lot  and  receive  the  deed,  for  which  they 
were  authorized  to  pay  fifty  pounds.  When 
the  managers'  accounts  were  finally  passed, 
on  June  18^  1790,  it  was  found  that  the  cost 
of  the  court-house  and  jail  had  been  more 
than  twelve  thousand  dollars.  The  interior  of 
the  house  is  now  very  much  like  what  it  was 
when  first  built.  The  stone  columns,  steps,  etc., 
in  front  were  added  many  years  ago,  and  the 
steeple  and  belfry  have  been  more  than  once 
rebuilt. 

Joshua  L.  Howell,  Phineas  Lord,  John 
Blackwood,  John  Brick,  John  E.  Hopkins 
and  John  Thorn  were  commissioned,  on  No- 
vember 24,  1797,  to  buy  a  lot  at  Woodbury 
and  erect  a  building  for  the  keeping  of  the 
records  removed  from  Gloucester.  This 
structure  has  been  occupied  since  1820  as  the 
surrogate's  office,  while  the  building  then 
erected  for  the  surrogate  has  been  made  the 
clerk's  office. 

Woodbury,  the  seat  of  justice  of  Glouces- 
ter County  since  its  removal  from  the  town 
of  Gloucester,  in  1787,  and  the  place  where 
the  law  was  dispensed  to  the  citizens  of  what 
is  Camden  County,  previous  to  its  erection  in 
1844,  is  located  at  the  head  of  navigation  on 
Woodbury  Creek,  and  was  probably  settled 
as  early  as  1681.  Richard  Wood  took  up 
land  a  mile  farther  down  the  creek  in  that 
year,  and  some  time  between  then  and  1684 
his  brother  made  a  home  on  the  present  site 
of  the  town.  The  Woods  came  from  some 
one  of  the  many  towns  in  England  named 
Bury,  and  hence  the  derivation  of  the  name 


of  the  new  settlement.^  In  1688  four  hun- 
dred and  thirty-two  acres  of  land  on  Wood- 
bury Creek  were  surveyed  for  Jonathan 
Wood.  From  that  date  until  the  War  of 
the  Revolution  the  place  is  destitute  of  any 
history  that  has  been  preserved,  but  the  inci- 
dents of  the  military  movements  in  1777  in 
the  neighborhood  go  to  show  that  it  must 
then  have  had  a  population  of  two  hundred 
or  more.  During  the  winter  of  1777,  Lord 
Cornwallis  had  his  headquarters  in  the  resi- 
dence now  occupied  by  the  family  of  the 
late  Amos  Campbell,  and  the  doors  and  cup- 
boards still  bear  the  marks  of  the  British 
bayonets  used  in  forcing  them  open.  In  1 81 5 
the  town  had  grown  so  as  to  require  four  tav- 
erns for  the  local  and  traveling  trade ;  it  had 
also  seven  merchants  and  three  physicians 
and  there  were  seventy-one  dwellings. 
Among  the  leading  citizens  then  were  James 
Roe,  John  C  Smallwood,  John  M.  Watson, 
John  Mickle,  Robert  K.  Matlack,  Thomas 
Jefferson  Cade  and  Benjamin  P.  Howell. 
The  oldest  dwelling-house  now  standing  is 
the  Joseph  Franklin  residence,  which  was 
byilt  in  the  early  part  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 

'  "  It  seems  the  little  colony  soon  became  short  of 
provisions  and  none  being  nearer  than  Burlington,  the 
male  colonists  slarted  off  in  canoes  for  that  place  to  ob- 
tain some.  A  storm  prevented  their  return  as  soon  as 
expected, — the  provisijjns  left  for  the  women  were  ex- 
hausted,— and  the  poor  creatures,  overwhelmed  with 
grief,  looked  for  nolhing  but  starvation  in  a  strange 
land  with  none  of  their  kindred  near  to  soothe  their 
dying  moments.  Thus  they  were  grouped  together  at 
the  bend  of  the  creek,  watching  "vith  tearful  eyes  the 
flowing  tide  and  listening  in  vain  for  the  sound  of  the 
returning  paddles,  when  an  Indian  woman  appeared  on 
the  opposite  bank,  saw  they  were  in  trouble  and 
stopped.  By  their  signs  she  understood  their  wants 
and  then  disappeared  in  the  shade  of  the  forest.  In 
an  hour  or  two  (for  she  had  gone  several  miles)  she, 
returned  loaded  with  venison  and  corn  bread.  These 
she  placed  on  a  long  piece  of  bark  and,  walking  a  good 
way  to  tideward,  set  it  afloat  and  gave  it  a  push  across. 
It  came  to  where  the  white  women  were  audits  contents 
saved  their  lives  ;  for  their  husbands  returned  not  for 
such  a  length  of  time  that  but  for  her,  starvation  would 
have  been  inevitable.'' — Mw  Jersey  Historical  Collec- 
tions. 


THE  FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WAR. 


35 


tury.  Woodbury  was  incorporated  as  a  bor- 
ough in  1854  and  as  a  city  in  1870.  In- 
clnded  in  the  old  organizations  of  citizens 
were  the  Fox  Hunting  Club,  established  in 
1776  ;  the  Library  Company,  instituted  in 
1794  ;  and  the  Whirligig  Society,  which  was 
organized  in  1809  "  with  authority  to  sup- 
press all  riots  and  whirligig  all  gamblers, 
showmen  and  such  characters  as  are  com-, 
monly  called  Fair  Plays."  The  Friends 
erected  a  meeting-house  in  1715  or  1716,  and 
the  Presbyterians  had  a  log  church  in  1721. 
The  Methodist  Episcopal  Society  was  organ- 
ized in  1803  and  the  African  Methodist 
Episcopal  in  1817. 


CHAPTERVI. 

THE  FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WAR. 

Although  New  Jersey  was  at  no  time 
seriously  threatened  by  the  war  which  Eng- 
land waged  witli  the  French  and  their  In- 
dian allies  in  North  America,  and  which 
may  be  said  to  have  virtually  begun  in  1749, 
and  continued  until  the  utter  defeat  of  the 
French  and  the  treaty  of  peace  in  1763, 
the  meagre  information  which  has  been 
preserved  of  her  action  demonstrates  that  she 
was  in  no  wise  backward  to  obey  the  calls 
for  troops  to  serve  against  the  common  foe.^ 

1  One  of  the  scanty  references  to  this  epoch  is  con- 
tained in  Wickes'  "  History  of  Medicine  in  New  Jersey," 
which  says  :  "  We  date  a  positive  advance  in  medicine 
in  New  Jersey  from  the  French  and  English  War.  .  .  . 
New  Jersey  raised  a  complement  of  1000  men,  tuilt 
barracks  at  Burlington,  Trenton,  New  Brunswick, 
Amboy  and  Elizabethtown,  each  for  the  accommodation 
of  300  men.  It  maintained  this  complement  for  the 
years  1758,  '69  and  '60,  and  in  the  two  succeeding 
years  furnished  600,  besides  men  and  officers  for  gar- 
rison duty.  These  popular  measures  furnished  the 
school  much  needed  for  training  a  soldiery  to  be  avail- 
able for  the  defence  of  American  liberty  a  decade  after- 
ward, and  for  '  the  training  of  medical  men  no  less. 
The  physicians  who  were  commissioned  as  surgeons  and 
surgeons'  mates,  being  brought  into  association  with 
the  British  officers,  were  led  to  know  their  inferiority, 


The  conflicting  territorial  claims  of  England 
and  France  on  the  American  continent,  the 
long-standing  animosity  of  the  two  people, 
and  the  competition  between  the  French  and 
English  frontiersmen  on  the  upper  tribu- 
taries of  the  Ohio  Eiver  explain  the  out- 
break of  the  war.  In  1746  New  Jersey 
was  required  to  furnish  five  hundred  men 
for  service  under  the  English  flag,  and  in 
response  six  hundred  and  sixty  offered 
themselves  for  enlistment.  Again,  in  1755, 
the  Assembly  resolved  to  raise  and  equip  a 
battalion  of  five  hundred  men,  and  an  excess 
presented  themselves  for  enlistment.  When 
the  enemy  reached  the  country  west  of  the 
Delaware,  New  Jersey  received  many  refugees 
who  had  been  driven  out  from  their  homes, 
while  her  wealthy  citizens  bore  a  large  part 
of  the  expense  in  raising  troops  to  defend  the 
western  border.  It  is  said  that  one  thousand 
were  sent  from  the  colony  after  the  surren- 
der of  Castle  William,  on  the  southern  shore 
of  Lake  George,  and  three  thousand  more 
were  put  in  readiness  to  march  should  occa- 
sion require.  During  1758, 1759  and  1760 
the  colony  kept  her  complement  full  of  one 
thousand  men  in  the  field,  and  in  1761-62 
six  hundred,  besides  a  company  of  sixty -four 
for  garrison  duty  during  the  latter  year. 
The  annual  expense  of  this  military  estab- 
lishment is  represented  at  forty  thousand 
pounds.^ 

We  are  not  allowed  to  suppose  that  any 
considerable  proportion  of  these  troops  came 
from  the  Camden  vicinage,  or  even  that  old 
Gloucester  County  was  largely  represented 
in  the  ranks.  A  hundred  and  thirty  years 
ago  Southern  and  Western  Jersey  was  too 
sparsely  populated  to  be  of  great  value  as  a 

and  were  stimulated  to  improve  their  opportunities  of 
practice  and  of  intercourse  with  their  more  cultivated 
compeers." 

'Cushing's  "  History  of  Gloucester  County."  Mul- 
ford's  History  says :  "  New  Jersey  had  raised,  at 
dififerent  periods,  near  £300,000,  and  for  a  great  part 
of  the  time  had  maintained  a  force  of  1000  men,  be- 
sides particular  bodies  for  special  services." 


36 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


recruiting  ground  ;  and,  moreover,  more  than 
lialf  the  people  were  Friends  and  forbidden 
by  their  religious  principles  to  engage  in 
warfare.  In  and  around  Haddonfield  linger 
traditions  of  the  departure  of  a  small  squad 
or  two,  to  join  the  forces  at  the  front,  but 
the  very  names  of  these  volunteers  have 
perished,  and  if  any  of  them  distinguished 
themselves  in  the  combat  against  the  French 
and  their  savage  allies,  they  have  passed  to 
the  roll  of  unsung  heroes. 


CHAPTER  yil. 

THE    WAR    OF    THK    EEVOLTITION. 

In  the  War  of  the  Revolution  New  Jersey 
bore  a  conspicuous  and  honorable  part,  and 
the  county  of  Gloucester,  of  which  Camden 
CJounty  then  formed  a  part,  is  fertile  in  his- 
torical associations  of  that  eventful  period. 
A  faithful  effort  has  been  made  to  portray 
them  in  the  succeeding  pages  of  this  chapter 
and  weave  around  them  every  interest  which 
their  importance  demands,  as  well  as  to  show 
the  relation  of  the  State  and  county  to  that 
ever  memorable  war.  Gloucester  County 
furnished  a  large  number  of  soldiers  who 
joined  the  patriot  army,  participated  in  nu- 
merous battles  and  won  many  brilliant 
achievements. 

Causes  of  the  WAR.-The  colony  of  New 
Jersey  shared  with  her  sister  colonies  that 
devotion  to  the  crown  at  the  termination  of 
the  French  and  Indian  War  which  William 
Griffith  has  so  lucidly  described  in  his  "  His- 
torical Notes  of  the  American  Colonies  and 
Revolution.'" 

'This  is  a  rare  and  invaluable  book.  It  was  designed 
by  the  author  as  an  introduction  to  his  "  Law  Regis- 
ter,"  but  he  died  before  its  completion.  It  was  pub- 
lished by  his  executors  in  1836,  and  after  it  was 
printed  some  controversy  arose  between  the  persons 
concerned,  in  consequence  of  which  the  entire  edition, 
with  the  exception  of  six  copies,  was  dettroyed.  One 
of  those  saved  is  in  the  possession  of  Judge  .lohn  Clem- 


"  At  the  close  of  the  war  (of  1750)  between  Great 
Britain  and  France,  terminated  by  the  Treaty  of 
Paris,  in  1763,  the  British  Colonies  .of  North 
America  were  attached  to  the  mother-country  by 
every  tie  which  could  add  strength  to  the  con- 
nection ;  by  the  sympathies  of  a  common  extrac- 
tion and  history  and  the  more  endearing  affections 
and  solicitudes  which  flowed  from  domestic  affini- 
ties and  private  interests,  encircling  and  blessing 
all.  .  .  .  The  recent  war,  so  glorious  to  both 
in  its  prosecution  and  results,  so  peculiarly  Ameri- 
can in  its  origin  and  objects,  and  in  which  they 
co-operated  in  so  many  arduous  military  enter- 
prises, had  inspired  mutual  respect  and  a  warmth 
of  attachment  unfelt  before ;    there  was   a  confi- 


/>,Sk^;v^^SS- 


INDEPENDENCE    UEhL. 

dence  also  reposed  by  the  colonies  in  the  afl'ec- 
tionate  disposition  and  mighty  power  of  the 
mother-country,  unrestrained  by  any  fear  or  jeal- 
ousy :  —  George  III.,  then  in  the  third  year  of  his 
reign,  by  the  splendor  of  the  British  arms  in  all 
quarters,  the  extension  and  security  which  war  had 
given  to  his  realms  and  by  his  vast  military  and 
naval  superiority,  with  an  extent  of  manufactures 
and  commerce  unequaled,  was  universally  deemed 
the  most  powerful  monarch  at  that  time  in  Europe, 
and  highly  popular  in  all  his  dominions. 

"  This  flattering  scene,  however,  was  soon  to  be 
changed;  those  sentiments  and  interests  which,  if 

ent,  of  Haddonfield,  by  whose  kind  permission  the  use 
of  the  work  was  accorded  to  the  writer. 


THE  WAR  OF  THE  EEVOLUTION. 


37 


cultivated,  might  have  long  (though  not  always) 
retained  the  colonies  a  part  of  the  British  empire, 
were  suddenly  extinguished  by  the  folly  and  ar- 
rogance of  British  ministers :  men  ignorant  of 
human  nature,  and  in  government,  and  deaf 
to  admonition  and  experience — fortunate  indeed 
for  America  and  mankind! — but  affording  a 
solemn  lesson  to  every  people  who  repose  a  blind 
confidence  in  the  talents  or  virtues  of  particular 
men,  however  popular  or  whatever  be  their  pre- 
tensions. 

"  The  triumphs  of  the  war  and  the  promised 
blessings  of  peace  and  concord  were  at  once  for- 
gotten and  lost  in  sordid  views  to  revenue — views 
equally  hostile  to  justice  and  to  policy.  Not 
satisfied  with  the  monopoly  of  the  whole  product 
of  American  industry  and  trade,  expended  for  her 
manufactures  and  articles  of  consumption,  in-' 
creasing  beyond  calculation,  silently  pouring 
millions  into  the  lap  of  England,  her  infatuated 
ministers  resolved  to  force  upon  the  colonies  a 
system  of  internal  taxation,  limited  only  by  the 
will  of  a  British  Parliament,  prescribing  its 
objects,  its  extent,  continuance  and  means  of 
collection,  without  the  consent  or  participation  of 
millions  of  British  subjects  doomed  to  bear  the 
burden  and  the  disgrace.  No  choice  was  proffered 
but  submission  or  resistance,  and  the  colonies  did 
not  hesitate;  they  resolved  that  no  power  on  earth 
should  wrest  from  them  property  and  the  fruits  of 
their  toil  and  industry  without  their  consent. 
This  was  the  origin  of  the  most  extraordinary 
revolution  on  record,  and  upon  this  issue  did  the 
contest  turn." 

The  colonists  claimed  that  to  them,  as  well 
as  to  any  other  subjects  of  the  crown,  be- 
longed immunity  from  all  taxation,  except 
such  as  they  might  assent  to,  either  directly 
or  by  the  representatives  they  had  chosen, 
and  the  people  of  West  Jersey  had  stood 
upon  this  ground  in  resisting  the  attempt  of 
Governor  Andros  to  impose  custom  duties 
upon  the  commerce  of  the  Delaware  as  early 
as  1680.  But  first  the  crown  and  then 
Parliament  insisted  upon  the  power  to  tax 
the  colonies  as  they  pleased,  and  they  made 
the  cost  of  the  war  with  France  a  special 
pretext  for  enforcing  this  claim,  because,  as 
the  ministry  argued,  the  war  had  been  of 
American  origin,  and  in  its  prosecution  the 
mother-country  had    accumulated   an   enor- 


mous debt  for  the  protection  of  her  domains 
on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic.  The  enact- 
ment of  a  duty  on  stamps  was  carried  in 
Parliament  March  22,  1765,  and  William 
Coxe  was  appointed  the  collector  of  New 
Jersey.  Massachusetts  proposed  a  Congress 
of  Commissioners  from  all  the  colonies,  to 
meet  for  consultation  in  New  York  on  the 
first  Tuesday  of  October.  The  New  Jersey 
Assembly  received  the  Massachusetts  circular 
June  20,  1765.  William  Franklin,^  the 
Governor,  was  in  so  much  the  opposite  of  his 
patriotic  father  as  to  be  a  firm  ally  of  the 
crown,  and  he  influenced  the  House,  which 
was  on  the  eve  of  adjournment,  to  return  a 
hasty  and  ambiguous  answer,  which  gave 
rise  to  a  sharp  correspor^dence  between  the 
Governor  and  House.  He  contended  that 
the  House  had  taken  the  Massachusetts  pro- 
posal into  "  deliberate  consideration,"  and 
had  "  unanimously  resolved  against  connect- 
ing on  that  occasion."  The  House  declared 
(July  27,  1776)  that  the  Speaker  agreed  to 
send  members  to  the  intended  Congress, 
but  that  he  changed  his  mind  upon  some 
advice  that  was  given  to  hiui,  and  that  this 
sudden  change  of  opinion  displeased  many 

'  William  Franklin  was  a  natural  son  of  Dr.  Ben- 
jamin Franklin,  and  was  born  about  the  year  1730. 
His  father  had  but  one  other  son,  Francis  Folger,  who 
died  when  a  little  more  than  four  years  old.  William 
was  carefully  educated,  aided  his  father  in  his  philo- 
sophical experiments,  and  through  his  influence  was  at 
an  early  age  appointied  clerk  of  the  Assembly  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  postmaster  of  Philadelphia.  In  1766, 
when  he  was  about  twenty  years  of  age,  his  father  was 
appointed  the  agent  for  Pennsylvania  (and  afterwards 
of  New  Jersey)  in  England,  and  the  son  had  leave  from 
the  Assembly  to  resign  his  office  of  clerk  that  he  might 
accompany  him  to  London.  Upon  his  arrival  there 
he  entered  the  Middle  Temple  to  prepare  himself  for 
practice  as  a  lawyer  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  in  due 
time  callfd  to  be  a  barrister.  Afterwards  he  received 
from  the  University  of  Oxford  the  honorary  degree  of 
Master  of  Arts. 

In  1762,  having  ingratiated  himself  with  Lord  Bute, 
then  the  principal  favorite  of  the  King,  through  his 
influence,  without  the  solicitation  of  his  father,  he  was 
appointed  Governor  of  the  province  of  New  Jersey,  an 
ofBce  then  much  sought  for. 


38 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


of  the  House,  who,  seeing  the  matter  dropped, 
were  indifferent  to  it.  But  they  said  that 
the  letter  of  the  House  was  not  such  as 
the  Governor  represented  it,  and  that  if  the 
strong  expressions  mentioned  were  used,  an 
alteration  must  have  been  made,  and  they 
intimated  that  Governor  Franklin  had  been 
instrumental  in  making  it. 

The  Legislative  Assembly  considered  their 
action,  and  at  a  convention  called  at  Am- 
boy  by  the  Speaker  they  chose  Joseph 
Ogden,  Hendrick  Fisher  and  Joseph  Borden 
delegates  to  the  Congress,  which  met  in  New 
York  at  the  appointed  time  and  formulated 
the  memorable  petitions  to  the  King  and 
Parliament  that  were  a  warning  of  the  com- 
ing uprising.  When  the  Assembly  recon- 
vened in  November,  it  approved  the  action 
of  the  Congress,  and  the  House  declared  that 
as  the  Stamp  Act  was  utterly  subversive  of 
privileges  inherent  in  and  originally  secured 
by  grants  and  concessions  from  the  crown  of 
Great  Britain  to  the  people  of  the  colony,  they 
considered  it  a  duty  to  themselves,  their  con- 
stituents and  posterity  to  leave  a  record  of 
their  resolves  upon  the  journal. 

Stamp  Officer  Coxe  resigned,  declaring 
that  he  would  never  act  under  the  law,  and 
organizations  of  the  "  Sons  of  Liberty  "  were 
formed,  who  bound  themselves  to  march  to 
any  part  of  the  continent  at  their  own  ex- 
pense to  support  the  British  Constitution  in 
America,  by  which  opposition  to  the  stamp 
tax  wa.s  meant.  As  the  use  of  all  but  stamp 
paper  was  forbidden  in  legal  transactions,  a' 
period  of  much  confusion  ensued,  during 
which  the  courts  were  closed  and  business 
almost  suspended  ;  but  in  February,  1766,  a 
meeting  of  the  members  of  the  Jersey  bar  at 
New  Brunswick  resolved  to  continue  their 
practice  regardless  of  the  statute ;  the  public 
offices  and  the  courts  were  reopened  and  the 
people  resumed  the  transaction  of  affairs. 
When  the  General  Assembly  met  in  June, 
the  members  were  officially  informed  by  the 
Governor  of  the  repeal  of  the  obnoxious  act, 


BRITISH   STAMP. 


and  they  joined  in  an  address  to  the  King 
and  Parliament  expressing  gratitude  for  the 
abrogation  of  an  "  impolitic  law." 

Whatever  hopes  might  have  been  enter- 
tained that  this  concession  meant  future  just 
dealing  with  the  colonies  were  doomed  to 
disappointment.  The  repeal  of  the  Stamp 
Act  had  been  accomplished  by  an  affirma- 
tion of  the  right  of 
Great  Britain  to  bind 
the  colonies  in  all 
cases  whatever,  and 
thegovernment  soon 
proceeded  to  act  on 
that  assumption.  In- 
creased numbers  of 
British  soldiers  were 
quartered  upon  the 
people,  who  were  re- 
quired to  furnish 
them  with  fuel,  bed- 
ding, candles,  small  beer,  rum,  etc.  When 
the  requisition  was  laid  before  the  New  Jer- 
sey Assembly,  in  June,  1766,  the  House 
directed  that  provision  be  made  according  to 
the  former  laws  of  the  colony,  and  then  in- 
formed the  Governor  that  they  looked  upon 
the  act  for  quartering  soldiers  in  America  to 
be  virtually  as  much  an  act  for  laying  taxes 
as  the  Stamp  Act.  It  was  followed  in  1767 
by  the  enactments  levying  duties  on  imports 
of  glass,  paper,  paste-board,  white  and  red 
lead,  painters'  colors  and  tea  into  the  colonial 
ports,  and  authorizing  the  King  to  appoint 
in  America  commissioners  who  should  have 
entire  charge  of  the  customs  and  tiie  laws 
relating  to  trade. 

Massachusetts  again  led  the  column  of 
resistance,  and  her  circular  letter  was  pre- 
sented to  the  Nevv  Jersey  House  April  15, 
1768.  The  House  made  a  suitable  reply 
and  also  adopted  a  respectful  address  against 
taxation  without  representation.  On  Decem- 
ber 6,  1769,  it  passed  resolutions  condemn- 
ing the  threat  of  the  royal  authorities  to 
transport  to  England   for  trial  persons  ac- 


THE  WAR  OF  THE  REVOLUTION. 


39 


cused  of  crimes  in  the  colonies,  and  also 
approved  the  resolution  of  the  merchants  to 
cease  to  import  British  merchandise  until 
the  offensive  duties  were  repealed.  The 
duties,  except  that  on  tea,  were  repealed  in 
1770,  but  this  by  no  means  satisfied  the 
Americans. 

On  February  8,  1774,  the  Assembly  of 
New  Jersey  resolved  "that  a  Committee  of 
Correspondence  and  Inquiry  be  appointed  to 
obtain  the  most  early  and  authentic  intelli- 
gence of  all  acts  and  resolutions  of  the  Brit- 
ish Parliament,  or  the  proceedings  of  admin- 
istration, that  may  have  any  relation  to,  or 
may  affect  the  liberties  and  privileges  of  His 
Majesty's  subjects  in  the  British  colonies  in 
America,  and  to  keep  up  and  maintain  a 
correspondence  with  our  sister  colonies,  re- 
specting these  important  considerations ;  and 
that  they  occasionally  lay  their  proceedings 
before  the  House."  The  committee  named 
in  the  resolution  were  James  Kinsey,  Stephen 
Crane,  Hendrick  Fisher,  Samuel  Tucker, 
John  Wetherill,  Robert  Friend  Price,  John 
Hinchman,  John  Mehelm  and  Edward  Tay- 
lor. The  Gloucester  County  members  were 
Messrs.  Price  and  Hinchman.  Governor 
Franklin  strove  to  minimize  the  significance 
of  this  action.  "  I  was  in  hopes,"  he  wrote 
to  Lord  Dartmouth  on  May  31st,  "that  the 
Assembly  of  this  Province  would  not  have 
gone  into  the  measure ;  for  though  they  met 
on  the  10th  of  November,  yet  they  avoided 
taking  the  matter  into  consideration,  though 
frequently  urged  by  some  of  the  members, 
until  the  8th  of  February,  and  then  I  believe 
they  would  not  have  gone  into  it  but  that 
the  Assembly  of  New  York  had  just  before 
resolved  to  appoint  such  a  committee,  and 
they  did  not  choose  to  appear  singular." 

Action  of  New  Jersey.— The  Governor 
misrepresented  the  temper  of  the  people  of  New 
Jersey.  On  the  reception  of  the  news  that 
the  British  Parliament  had  closed  the  port  of 
Boston  to  all  commerce,  because  of  the 
throwing   into   the   harbor   of    one   of   the 


cargoes  of  tea,  which  the  government  was 
endeavoring  to  induce  the  people  to  accept 
by  rescinding  the  export  duty  of  12d.  per 
pouud,  while  retaining  the  import  duty  of 
3d.  per  pound,  "  the  Colony  of  New  Jersey 
broke  out  in  a  simultaneous  blaze  of  indig- 
nation from  Sussex  to  Cape  May,  and  im- 
mediate measures  were  taken  to  organize  the 
various  counties  into  a  combination  of  the 
friends  of  liberty  whicli  should  secure 
promptitude  and  unity  of  action  throughout 
the  province." ' 

The  Boston  Port  Bill  was  appointed  to  go 
into  operation  June  1,  1774,  and,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  recommendation  of  Virginia, 
the  patriots  observed  it  as  a  day  of  mourn- 
ing. On  that  day  the  Committee  of  Corre- 
spondence and  Inquiry  held  at  New  Bruns- 
wick what  was  probably  their  first  meeting, 
and,  according  to  the  authority  of  Dr.  Mul- 
ford,  in  his  "  History  of  New  Jersey,"  they 
replied  to  the  communication  that  had  been 
received  from  Massachusetts,  expressed  their 
sympathy  with  the  people  of  Boston  and 
condemned  in  strong  terms  the  course  of  the 
ministry.  A  letter  written  by  one  of  the 
members,  under  date  of  the  2d,  says, — 

"I  returned  yesterday  from  New  Brunswick, 
where  six  of  our  committee  met.  We  answered  the 
Boston  letters,  informing  them  that  wc  loolv  on 
New  Jersey  as  eventually  in  the  same  predicament 
with  Boston,  and  that  we  will  do  everything  which 
may  be  generally  agreed  on.  We  have  signed  a 
request  to  the  Governor  to  call  the  General  Assem- 
bly to  meet  at  such  time  as  his  Excellency  may 
think  proper  before  the  1st  day  of  August  next. 
Our  committee  is  well  disposed  in  the  cause  of 
American  freedom." 

Governor  Franklin  wrote  to  Lord  Dart- 
mouth from  Burlington  June  18th, — 

"  I  have  likewise  had  an  application  made  tome 
by  some  of  the  members  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives to  call  a  meeting  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly in  August  next,  with  which  I  have  not  and 
shall  not  comply,  as  there  is  no  publick  business  of 

1  Charles  D.  Deshler's  address  to  the  New  Brunswick 
Historical  Club,  December  16,  1875. 


40 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


the   province   which   can    malie  such   a  meeting 
necessary." 

The  disaffection  of  the  Governor  and  hi.s 
refusal  to  assemble  the  Legislature  made  it 
nece.ssary  for  the  people  to  speak  out  through 
the  medium  of  their  town-meetings.  These 
were  held  in  nearly  all  the  counties  at  the 
call  of  leaders  of  the  culminating  revolution- 
ary movement.  The  purjiose  was  to  organize 
and  direct  the  impulse  of  resistance  to 
British  encroachments,  to  accpiaint  the  people 
A\'ith  the  total  imperilment  of  their  liberties 
and    particularly   to   select    delegates    to    a 


No 


'/i 


y^/ 


Thirty  Dollars 

THE  Bearer  is  en- 
titled to  rfccji/c  Thirty 
^panijh  milled  D  O  L- 
QvLARS,  or  an  equa\ 
y  \\SuOT  in  Gold  or  Silver 
according  to  a  Refo 
'lution  of  CONGSESS 
of  the   14th   "yanuary, 

1779- 

'O  Dollars. 


^/at^ 


//^ 


CONTINENTAL    CURKENCY. 

general  congress  of  deputies  from  the  several 
colonics,  which  the  Virginia  House  of  Bur- 
gesses had  proposed  should  be  held  to  form  a 
plan  of  union  and  devise  measures  for  the 
])ul)lic  welfare. 

In  June,  1774,  William  Peartree  Smith, 
chairman  of  the  New  Jersey  Committee  of 
Correspondence  and  Inquiry,  conducted  a 
correspondence  with  tlie  Massachu. setts  com- 
mittee, in  which  he  tendered  material  aid  for 
the  people  impoverished  by  the  closing  of 
Boston  to  commerce,  and  inquired  whether  it 
had  better  take  the  shape  of  clothing,  provi- 
sions or  cash.  The  Massachusetts  men  re- 
plied tiiat   cash   would    be  most   acceptable. 


Dr.    Fithiau,    in    a    communication    in    the 
AYoodbury  Constitution,  says, — 

"  In  the  County  of  Gloucester  committees  were 
appointed  in  each  of  the  township.s  to  receive 
donations  '  for  the  relief  of  our  suffering  brethren 
of  Boston,'  and  a  general  treasurer  (Joseph  Ellis) 
was  appointed,  who  was  authorized  to  procure  a 
place  to  store  the  provisions  that  should  be 
furnished,  and  the  sum  of  £584  in  money  was  at 
one  time  ordered  to  be  paid  on  account  of  subscrip- 
tions." 

The  first  of  these  meetings  for  the  purpose 
of  electing  delegates  to  meet  in  a  General  Con- 
gress was  held  on  June  6,  1774,  at  Lower 
Freeliold,  Monmouth  County,  and 
the  next  at  Newark,  on  the  11th. 
The  latter  meeting  issued  a  circu- 
lar calling  attention  to  the  oppres- 
sive measures  of  Parliament,  and 
set  forth  that  as  the  neighboring 
colonies  were  prepared  for  a  Con- 
gi'ess,  and  as  the  New  Jersey  As- 
sembly was  not  likely  to  be  in 
session  in  time  to  answer  the  end 
proposed,  it  was  proper  and  im- 
portant that  meetings  should  be 
held  in  the  counties  to  appoint 
committees  that  would,  in  con- 
junction, act  in  unison  with  the 
sister  colonies. 

The  County  Committees  thus 
chosen  met  at  New  Brunswick 
on  the  twenty-first  of  July,  with  seventy- 
two  delegates  in  attendance,  and  organized  by 
the  election  of  Stephen  Crane  as  chairman  and 
Jonathan  D.  Sargent  as  clerk.'  Resolutions 
were  passed  declaring  that  the  proceedings  of 

'  "There  appears  to  be  nowhere  any  record  of  anieeting 
held  in  Gloucester  County  to  appoint  delegates  to  the 
New  Brunswick  convention.  Yet  the  county  was  rep- 
resented in  that  body  by  Kobert  Friend  Price,  if  by  no 
other  delegate  or  delegates,  and  the  tenable  theory  is 
that  he  at  least  wjis  elected  at  some  meeting  of  the  cit- 
izens of  the  county,  of  wliich  no  mention  is  made  in 
contempoi'ary  annals.  Price's  name  occurs  on  page  103 
of  Griflith's  "  Notes  on  the  American  Colonies,"  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  that  signed  the  credentials 
of  the  delegates  to  the  General  Congress. 


THE  WAE  OP  THE  REVOLUTION. 


41 


Parliament  with  respect  to  Massachusetts, 
"  so  violent  in  themselves  and  so  truly  alarm- 
ing to  the  other  colonies  (many  of  which  are 
equally  exposed  to  ministerial  vengeance), 
render  it  the  indisjieusable  duty  of  all 
heartily  to  unite  in  the  most  proper  measures 
to  procure  redress  for  their  oppressed  coun- 
trymeu,  now  suffering  in  the  common  cause  ; 
and  for  the  re-establishment  of 
the  constitutional  rights  of 
America  upon  a  solid  founda- 
tion." James  Kinsey,  William 
Livingston,  John  De  Hart,  Ste- 
phen Crane  and  Richard  Smith 
were  chosen  to  represent  New 
Jersey  in  the  Congress  which 
met  at  Carpenters'  Hall  on 
Sept.  5,  1774.  They  joined 
heartily  iu  its  general  declara- 
tion of  rights  and  its  recom- 
mendations for  aid  to  the  dis- 
tressed jjeople  of  Boston.  Their 
doings  were  approved  by  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  colony 
in  January,  1775,^  in  the  face 
of  the  condemnatory  message  of 
Governor  Franklin,  who  in- 
sidioasly  strove  to  provoke  the 
jealousy  of  the  A.ssembly  by  the 
argument  that  the  New  Bruns- 
wick convention  had,  by  ap- 
pointing the  delegates  to  the 
Colonial  Congress,  usurped  the 
powers  whicli  belonged  to  the 
Assembly  alone.  The  Assem- 
bly answered  by  re-appointing 
these  very  delegates,  but  they 
followed  the  recommendations 
of  the  Governor  to  present  the  crown  with  still 
another  remonstrance  against  its  impositions 
upon  the  colonists.  Franklin  .saw  that  the 
day  of  reconciliation  was  past.  He  said  in  a 
supplementary  message, — 

'"Such  members  as  were  Friends  excepting  only  to 
such  parts  as  seemed  to  wear  an  appearance  or  might 
have  a  tendency  to  force,  as  inconsistent  with  their  re- 
ligious principles." —  Oordon's"  llixluru  nj  New  Jersey." 


"It  is  HOW  in  vain  to  argue,  as  you  have,  with 
the  most  uncommon  and  unnecessary  precipita- 
tion, give  in  your  entire  assent  to  that  destructive 
mode  of  proceeding  I  so  earnestly  warned  you 
against.  Whether  after  such  a  resolution  the  pe- 
tition you  mention  can  be  expected  to  produce 
any  good  effect,  or  whether  you  have  consulted  the 
true  interests  of  the  people,  I  leave  others  to  de- 
termine." 


CAEPENTERS'  HALL,  PHILADELPHIA. 

During  the  winter  of  1774-75  Parlia- 
ment, in  obedience  to  the  crown  and  the  ad- 
ministration of  Lord  North,  and  despite  tlie 
warnings  of  Chatham  and  Burke,  went  on 
with  a  .stubborn  resolution  to  crush  the  col- 
onies. Boston  was  the  objective-point  of 
their  repressive  programme,  and  the  battle 
of  Lexington   occurred   on  April  19,  1775. 


42 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


On  May  2d  the  New  Jersey  Committee  of 
Correspondence  met  at  New  Brunswick,  hav- 
ing been  informed  that  "  the  embattled  farm- 
ers "  had  fired  the  shot  that  was  heard 
around  the  world.  There  were  present  Hen- 
drick  Fisher,  Samuel  Tucker,  Joseph  Bor- 
den, Joseph  Eiggs,  Isaac  Pearson,  John 
Chetwood,  Lewis  Ogden,  Isaac  Ogden,  Abra- 
ham Hunt  and  Elias  Boudinot.  They  in- 
structed the  chairman 

"  To  immediately  call  a  Provincial  Congress  to 
meet  at  Trenton  the  23d  day  of  this  instant,  to 
consider  and  determine  such  matters  as  may  then 
and  there  come  before  them ;  and  the  several  coun- 
ties are  hereby  desired  to  nominate  and  appoint 
their  respective  deputies  for  the  same  as  speedily 
as  may  be,  with  full  and  ample  powers  for  such 
purposes  as  .may  be  thought  necessary  for  the  pe- 
culiar exigencies  of  this  province." 

Gloucester  County  was  prompt  in  its  re- 
sponse to  this  notice.  The  proceedings  were 
as  subjoined  in  Dr.  Fithian's  notes, — 

"At  a  meeting  of  a  majority  of  the  Committee 
of  Correspondence  for  the  County  of  Gloucester, 
on  the  5th  day  of  May,  1775, — present,  Samuel 
Harrison,  chairman  ;  John  Hinchman,  John 
Cooper,  John  Sparks,  Joseph  Ellis,  Joseph  Low, 
Isaac  Mickle,  Joseph  Hugg. 

"  In  consequence  of  intelligence  received  from 
the  Committee  of  Correspondence  from  New 
Brunswick,  and  at  their  request,  the  committee 
above  named  have  taken  the  same  into  considera- 
ation,  and  do  unanimously  agree  and  think  it  our 
indispensable  duty  in  this  alarming  crisis  forth- 
with to  request  a  meeting  of  the  inhabitants  of 
the  county  for  the  purpose  of  choosing  members 
to  meet  at  the  Provincial  Congress  at  Trenton  on 
the  23d  day  of  this  instant.  May. 

"  Ordered  that  the  clerk  get  a  number  of  no- 
tices immediately  printed  and  disperse  them 
throughout  the  country — that  a  person  be  sent 
express  to  Egg  Harbour  with  part  thereof  and 
alarm  the  inhabitants  of  the  consequence  thereof 
and  the  necessity  of  a  meeting. 

"  By  order  of  Committee. 

"  Joseph  Hugo,  Com.  Clerk." 


"  In  Committee,  ordered  that  every  member  ot 
this  Committee  meet  at  the  house  of  William 
Hugg,  on  the  18th  inst.,  by  10  o'clock,  A.  M.,  and 
that  notice  issue  for  this  purpose,  to  which  time 
this  Committee  is  adjourned. 

"  By  order  of  Committee, 

"Joseph  Hugg,  Cler/c 


"  Committee  met  pursuant  to  adjournment,  on 
the  10th  inst.,  at  the  house  of  William  Hugg — 
present,  Samuel  Harrison,  John  Cooper,  Joseph 
Ellis,  John  Sparks,  Isaac  Mickle,  Doc.  Vanleer, 
Joseph  Cooper,  Peter  Cheeseman,  Joseph  Hugg. 


"  At  a  meeting  of  a  very  respectable  number  of 
the  inhabitants  of  this  county,  on  the  18th  day  of 
May,  1775,  pursuant  to  a  notice  from  the  Committee 
of  Correspondence  for  that  purpose. 

"  At  said  meeting  the  inhabitants  taking  into 
consideration  the  intelligence  communicated  from 
the  Committee  of  Correspondence  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, do  unanimously 

"Resolve,  That  it  is  highly  necessary  that  there 
should  be  a  Provincial  Congress  held  at  the  time 
and  place  appointed  by  the  said  Committee,  and  do 
unanimously 

"  Besolve  and  agree  that  seven  persons  be  chosen 
for  said  service  to  represent  this  county. 

"  And  accordingly  Eobert  Friend  Price,  John 
Hinchman,  Elijah  Clark,  Esqs.,  and  Messrs.  John 
Cooper,  Joseph  Ellis,  John  Sparks  and  Joseph 
Hugg  were  unanimously  chosen  to  continue  for 
twelve  months,  and  any  three  or  more  attending 
said  meeting  to  be  a  sufficient  representation. 

"  Ordered,  That  the  members  attending  from 
this  county  do  use  their  endeavors,  when  met  in 
Congress,  to  confirm  and  reappoint  the  delegates 
appointed  by  the  General  Assembly  of  this  Prov- 
ince. 

"  Ordered,  That  the  instructions  drawn  by  Mr. 
Cooper  for  said  Provincial  Congress  be  taken  by 
the  members  of  this  county  to  said  Congress  for 
their  own  guide — but  not  to  be  published. 

"  On  the  question  being  put,  whether  the  Com- 
mittee of  Observation  be  authorized  to  carry  into 
execution  the  resolves  of  the  Provincial  Congress,  ' 
and  to  perform  such  services  as  the  emergency  of 
the  case  niay  require,  it  was  resolved  nem  con. 

"  By  order  of  the  county, 

"  Jos.  Hugg, 

"  Clerk." 

These  Committees  of  Observation  and  In- 
spection were  formed  in  each  county  of  the 
colony.  Their  title  specifies  the  duties  with 
which  tliey  were  charged. 

The  First  Provincial  Congress  of  New 
Jersey. — The  Provincial  Congress  assem- 
bled at  Trenton  on  May  23d,  1775,  the  dele- 
gates in  attendance  from  Gloucester  County 


THE  WAE  OF  THE  EEVOLUTION. 


43 


being  John  Cooper,  Elijah  Clark  and  John 
Sparks.  Resolutions  were  passed  that  one 
or  more  companies  of  militia  be  raised  in  each 
township  or  corporation,  that  all  men  between 
the  ages  of  sixteen  and  fifty  be  enrolled  by 
the  committee,  and  that  the  officers  of  the 
requisite  number  of  companies  combine  them 
into  regiments.  To  meet  the  expense,  ten 
thousand  pounds  of  paper  or  "  Proclamation  " 
money  was  ordered  to  be  raised,  of  which  the 
proportion  of  Gloucester  County  was  £763 
8s.  2c?.  This  Congress  sat  eleven  days,  and 
was  reconvened  at  Trenton  on  August  5th, 
in  consequence  of  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill 
and  Washington's  siege  of  the  British  forces 
in  Boston.  To  this  meeting  there  came,  as 
the  representatives  of  Gloucester,  John 
Sparks,  Joseph  Hugg,  Joseph  Ellis  and 
Elijah  Clark.  It  was  resolved  to  raise  and 
organize  a  number  of  troops  equal  to  about 
twenty-six  regiments  and  to  enforce  the  col- 
lection of  ten  thousand  pounds  tax  ordered  at 
the  May  session,  it  appearing  that  many 
obstacles  had  been  encountered  in  the  col- 
lection, and  that  in  a  great  number  of  in- 
stances payment  had  been  avoided  or  refused. 
For  this  military  levy  Gloucester  County 
was  required  to  furnish  three  battalions,  and 
she  was  placed  third  among  the  counties  in 
precedency  of  rank,  in  which  Essex  was  first 
and  Salem  second.  Besides  providing  for 
this  organization  an  armament,  this  Congress 
resolved  to  enroll  four  thousand  minute-men, 
"  who  shall  hold  themselves  in  constant 
readiness,  on  the  shortest  notice,  to  march  to 
any  place  where  their  assistance  may  be  re- 
quired for  the  defence  of  this  or  any  neigh- 
boring colony."  Gloucester's  proportion  of 
this  force  was  four  companies  of  sixty-four 
men  each.  The  August  session  lasted  until 
the  17th,  and  before  adjourning  the  Congress 
appointed  as  a  Committee  of  Safety, — Hend- 
rick  Fisher,  Samuel  Tucker,  Isaac  Pearson, 
John  De  Hart,  Jonathan  D.  Sergeant,  A  zariah 
Dunham,  Peter  Schenck,  Enos  Kelsey,  Joseph 
Borden,  Frederick  Frelinghuysen  and  John 


Schuemau.  When  this  Congress  was  not  in 
session  this  committee  wielded  extraordinary 
and  almost  unlimited  power  as  the  executive 
brauch  of  the  government. 

The  Second  PRovrNciAL  Congress  of 
New  Jersey. — At  its  August  session  the 
Provincial  Congress  had  provided  for  a  new 
election  of  deputies  from  the  counties,  and 
under  this  provision  Gloucester  County  chose 
John  Cooper,  Joseph  Ellis,  Thomas  Clark, 
Elijah  Clark  and  Richard  Somers,  who,  with 
forty-five  other  delegates,  formed  the  Second 
Provincial  Congress,  which  convened  in  its 
first  session,  at  Trenton,  October  3,  1775. 
Further  legislation  was  enacted  for  the  col- 
lection of  the  ten  thousand  pounds  tax  by 
distraint  and  sale  of  the  property  of  de- 
linquents, and  for  the  enrollment  in  the 
militia  of  all  able-bodied  male  inhabitants  of 
the  province,  between  the  ages  of  sixteen  and 
fifty  years  (except  those  whose  religious  prin- 
ciples forbade  them  to  bear  arms),  their 
muster,  equipment  and  instruction  in  military 
tactics  under  the  command  of  proper  officers. 
This  law  was  singular  in  requiring  that  each 
enrolled  man  should  provide  himself  with  a 
musket,  a  sword,  a  tomahawk,  a  cartridge- 
box  and  knapsack.  The  raising  of  troops 
and  the  finding  of  funds  wherewith  to  fit 
them  out  taxed  the  ingenuity  of  the  Congress 
during  this  and  the  succeeding  session  of 
February,  1776,  and  on  the  20th  of  that 
month  a  bill  was  passed  for  printing  £50,- 
000  5s.  of  fiat  money,  which  it  was  ordered 
should  pass  current  until  December  21, 1791.^ 
For  redemption  of  this  issue,  a  sinking  fund 
of  £10,000  Is.  annually  from  1787  to  1791 
was  provided,  and  an  allotment  of  payments 
was  made  among  the  counties.  Gloucester 
was  assessed  for  £763  2s.  Sd.  each  year  for 
the  five  years. 

The  fifty  thousand  pounds  was  divided  in- 
to equal  parts  to  be  expended  by  commis- 
sioners  for  the  Eastern    Division   and    the 

'  This  money  was  reokoned  at  7».  6d.  to  the  dollar. 


44 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Western  Division  "for  the  use  of  the  colony." 
William  Tucker,  Abraham  Hunt,  Joseph 
Ellis  and  Alexander  Chambers  were  made 
commissioners  for  the  Western  Division. 
The  commissioners  were  directed  to  purchase 
three  thousand  stand  of  arms,  ten  tons  of 
gunpowder,  twenty  tons  of  lead,  one  thousand 
cartoueh-boxes,  medicine-chests  and  chirur- 
gical  instruments,  four  thousand  tents,  two 
thousand  blankets,  a  train  of  artillery  to 
consist  of  twelve  pieces,  and  axes,  spades  and 
other  entrenching  tools.  They  were  also  in- 
structed to  furnish  the  troops  with  one 
month's  subsistence,  at  one  shilling  per  day 
per  man,  or  provisions  to  that  amount  if 
necessary,  provided  that  the  expense  did  not 
exceed  one  thousand  four  hundred  pounds  in 
value  ;  and  one  month's  pay  for  the  troops 
when  called  into  actual  service,  provided  that 
the  Continental  Congress  did  not  make  pro- 
vision for  the  same,  and  provided  that  the 
pay  of  such  troops  did  not  exceed  four  thou- 
sand pounds  in  value.  The  recruitment  of 
the  two  battalions  which  Congress  at  its  pre- 
vious session  had  ordered  to  be  raised  had 
proceeded  successfully  and  with  rapidity. 
Lord  Stirling  had  been  commissioned  colonel 
of  the  command  raised  in  East  Jersey,  and 
William  Maxwell  colonel  of  the  West  Jersey 
battalion,  which  was  ordered  to  the  vicinity 
of  the  Hudson  River  and  mustered  into  the 
Continental  service  in  December,  1775. 

The  Third  Congress  of  Delegates. — 
In  the  meantime  the  old  Colonial  Legislature 
of  New  Jersey  had  been  holding  intermit- 
tent sessions  and  receiving  protests  from 
Governor  Franklin  against  the  doings  of  the 
Provincial  Congress,  which  had,  in  fact, 
superseded  it.  He  had  prorogued  it  from 
December  6,  1776,  to  June  3, 1776,  but  the 
December  meeting  was  its  last.  When  the 
new  or  Third  Trovincial  Congress  met,  in 
June,  1776,  it  declared  that  Franklin  had 
"  discovered  himself  to  be  an  enemy  to  the 
liberties  of  this  country,  and  that  measures 
ought  to  be  immediately  taken   for  securing 


his  person,  and  that  from  henceforth  all  pay- 
inenls  of  money  to  him,  on  account  of  salary 
or  otherwise,  should  cease."  Pursuant  to 
these  resolutions,  and  in  compliance  with  the 
directions  of  the  Continental  Congress, 
Franklin  was  arrested  and  sent  to  Connecti- 
cut, where  he  remained  a  prisoner  until  the 
end  of  the  war,  when  he  sailed  for  England. 
He  resided  in  that  country  until  his  death, 
enjoying  a  pension  from  the  English  govern- 
ment. 

The  Congress  which  met  in  June  had 
been  elected  in  pursuance  of  the  resolution 
adopted  by  its  predecessor  on  March  2, 1776, 
"  that  there  be  a  new  choice  of  deputies  to 
serve  in  Provincial  Congress  for  every 
county  of  this  colony  on  the  fourth  Monday 
in  May,  yearly  and  every  year."  Thus  was 
established  regular  annual  elections  of  depu- 
ties instead  of  the  special  elections  called,  as 
they  had  previously  been,  at  the  pleasure  of 
Congress.  Gloucester  County  elected  as 
delegates  John  Sparks,  John  Cooper,  Elijah 
Clark,  Joseph  Hugg  and  Joseph  Ellis.  The 
Congress  convened  on  June  11,  1776,  at 
Burlington,  with  sixty-five  members,  five 
from  each  of  the  thirteen  counties.  On  June 
28th  there  was  submitted  "  a  petition  from  the 
ofBcers  of  the  militia  of  Gloucester,  appointed 
to  raise  men  for  the  Continental  service  to 
reinforce  the  troops  now  in  New  York,  set- 
ting forth  that  fifteen  shillings  a  week  is  not 
sufficient  to  defray  their  expenses  in  enlist- 
ing said  men,  and  requesting  that  this  Con- 
gress would  make  such  further  allowance  as 
may  be  reasonable  and  necessary." 

Adoption  of  the  First  State  Con- 
stitution.— The  Continental  Congress,  on 
May  10th,  recommended  to  the  Assemblies 
and  conventions  of  the  colonies  to  adopt  such 
governments  as  should,  in  the  opinion  of  the 
representatives  of  the  people,  best  conduce  to 
the  happiness  and  safety  of  their  constituents 
in  particular  and  America  in  general.  The 
preamble  declared  that  every  kind  of  govern- 
ment under  the  crown  should  be  suppressed. 


THE  WAR  OF  THE  EEVOLUTION. 


45 


On  the  24th  the  New  Jersey  Congress  ap- 
pointed Messrs.  Green,  Cooper,  Sergeant, 
Elmer,  Ogden,  Hughes,  Covenhoven, 
Symmes,  Condict  and  Dick  to  prepare  a 
draught  of  a  Constitution,  which  was  reported 
on  the  26th  and  adopted  on  July  2d,  two 
days  before  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
by  the  Continental  Congress.  In  the  pre- 
amble to  that  document  it  was  declared 

"That  all  authority  claimed  by  the  King  of 
Great  Britain  over  the  colonies  was  by  compact 
derived  from  the  people  and  held  of  them  for 
the  common  interests  of  the  whole  society  ; 

"That  allegiance  and  protection  are  in  the 
nature  of  things  reciprocal  ties,  each  equally  de- 
pending on  the  other  and  liable  to  be  dissolved 
by  the  other  being  refused  or  withdrawn  ; 

"That  the  King  of  Great  Britain  has  refused 
protection  to  the  good  people  of  these  colonies  by 
assenting  to  sundry  acts  of  Parliament,  has  made 
war  upon  them  for  no  other  cause  than  asserting 
their  just  rights;  hence  all  civil  authority  under 
him  is  necessarily  at  an  end,  and  a  dissolution  of 
government  has  taken  place.  And  also  the  more 
eifectually  to  unite  the  people  and  to  enable  them 
to  exert  their  whole  force  in  their  own  necessary 
defense;  and  as  the  honorable,  the  Continental 
Congress,  the  supreme  council  of  the  American 
Colonies,  has  advised  us  to  adopt  such  government 
as  will  best  conduce  to  our  happiness  and  safety, 
and  the  well-being  of  America  generally  ; 

"  We,  the  representatives  of  the  colony  of  New 
Jersey,  having  been  elected  by  all  the  counties  in 
the  freest  manner,  and  in  Congress  assembled, 
have,  after  mature  deliberation,  agreed  upon  a 
set  of  charter  rights  and  the  form  of  a  Consti- 
tution." 

This  Constitution  fell  somewhat  short  of  a 
full  assertion  of  independence,  and  contained 
a  clause  providing  that  if  a  reconciliation 
should  take  place  between  Great  Britain  and 
her  colonies,  the  instrument  should  become 
null  and  void.  Gordon,  in  his  "  History  of 
New  Jersey,"  attributes  the  introduction  of 
this  clause  to  the  influence  of  Samuel  Tucker, 
president  of  the  Congress.  He  says,  "  The 
doors  of  retreat  were  kept  open  by  the  fears 
of  the  President,  who,  a  few  months  after, 
claimed  the  clemency  of  the  enemy,  with 
whom  this  clause  gave  him  an  interest." 


By  this  instrument  the  government  was 
vested  in  a  Governor,  Legislative  Council  and 
General  Assembly.  The  Council  and  Assem- 
bly were  to  be  chosen  yearly  by  the  people, 
and  they  were  in  joint  convention  to  annu- 
ally elect  the  Governor.  On  July  17th  the 
New  Jersey  Congress  ratified  the  Declaration 
of  Independence  promulgated  at  Philadel- 
phia, and  on  the  next  day  it  changed  its  own 
name  to  that  of  "  The  Convention  of  the  State 
of  New  Jersey."  An  election  for  a  Legisla- 
tive Council  and  an  Assembly  was  held  on 
the  second  Tuesday  of  August,  1776,  and  the 
members  convened  at  Princeton  on  August 
27th.  In  the  Council,  Gloucester  was  rep- 
resented by  John  Cooper,  and  in  the  House 
by  Richard  Somers  and  Robert  F.  Price. 
William  Livingston  was  elected  the  first  Gov- 
ernor under  the  new  Constitution.  The  Leg- 
islature succeeded  to  the  powers  and  functions 
of  the  Provincial  Congress  and  the  Conven- 
tion of  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  and  contin- 
ued to  exercise  those  powers  and  functions  as 
a  permanent  body. 

New  Jersey  as  the  Seat  of  War. — 
The  movement  of  the  British  army,  under 
command  of  General  Howe,  from  Boston,  by 
way  of  Halifax,  to  the  vicinity  of  New  York, 
the  route  of  Washington's  forces  at  the  battle 
of  Long  Island,  August  27,  1776,  the  evac- 
uation of  New  York  by  the  Americans  and 
the  capture  of  Fort  Washington,  on  the  Hud- 
son, by  the  British  on  November  15th — these 
were  the  events  which  led  to  Washington's 
retreat  into  New  Jersey.  With  his  dimin- 
ished columns  he  fell  back  to  New  Bruns- 
wick, where  he  hoped  to  make  a  stand  ;  but 
the  terms  of  the  New  Jersey  and  Maryland 
Brigades  and  the  Pennsylvania  Flying  Camp 
were  about  expiring,  and  neither  arguments 
nor  threats  could  prevent  the  men  from  dis- 
banding and  returning  to  their  homes.  The 
remnant  of  the  army,  with  Lord  Cornwallis 
harassing  its  rear,  arrived  at  Princeton  on 
December  1st,  and  thence  passed  on  to  Tren- 
ton, where  it  crossed  the  Delaware  into  Penn- 


46 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


sylvania  on  the  8th.  Reinforced  by  Sullivan 
and  Gates,  Washington  recro.ssed  the  Dela- 
ware on  Christinas  night  and  effected  the 
surprise  and  defeat  of  Colonel  Rahl's  Hes- 
sian contingent  of  the  British  forces. 

Although  after  the  Trenton  victory  the 
American  commander  retired  to  his  strong 
position  on  the  Delaware  shore,  he  had  by  no 
means  relinquished  his  ambition  to  repossess 
Western  New  Jersey,  and  at  once  began  prep- 
arations for  a  second  expedition.  He  again 
marched  to  Trenton  on  December  30th.  Gen- 
eral Maxwell,  who  on  the  retreat  through  the 
State  had  been  left  at  Morristown  with  his 
brigade,  including  the  Gloucester  troo23s,  was 
ordered  to  advance  through  New  Brunswick, 
as    if  threatening  an  attack,  and  liarass  all 


PRESIDENT'S    CHAIK  AND    THE  DESK  UPON  WHICM 

THE   DECLARATION   OF    INDEPENDENCE 

AVAS  SIGNED. 

the  contiguous  posts  of  the  enemy  as  much  as 
po.ssible.  On  the  night  of  January  2,  1777, 
Washington,  after  the  skirmish  on  Assanj)ink 
Creek,  swung  round  the  British  Hank  to  the 
rear,  reached  Princeton  at  early  dawn  of  the 
3rd,  defeated  and  dispersed  Colonel  Maw- 
hood's  force  of  three  regiments,  and  was  safe 
among  the  hills  of  the  Upper  Raritan  while 
Coruwallis  was  lumbering  along  in  an  inef- 
fectual pursuit.  He  had  to  mourn  the  loss  of 
the  gallant  General  Mercer,  who  fell  in  the 
first  assault  at  Princeton,  and  whose  body 
bore  the  marks  of  sixteen  British  bayonet 
wounds. 

Washington's  brilliant  achievements  were 


needed  to  revive  the  patriotic  spirit  of  New 
Jersey,  wliicli  previously  had  been  fast  suc- 
cumbine:  to  the  advance   of  the  foe.     Howe 
had  offered  pardon  and  protection  to  all  who 
would  abandon  the  national  cause  and  renew 
their  allegiance  to  the  King.  Until  Washing- 
ton   rolled    back    the  tide  of  disaster,  more 
than  two  hundred   people  within   the  State 
were   daily   abjuring   their    loyalty    to    the 
American    government.     "The   two    Jersey 
regiments,"    writes    Gordon,    "  which    had 
been    forwarded    by    General    Gates    under 
General    St.  Clair,  went    off  to    a    man    the 
moment  they  entered  their  own  State."    The 
Legislature  had   moved   from   Princeton  to 
Burlington,   and    thence    to    Pittstowu    and 
Haddonfield,  where  it  dissolved  on  December 
2,  1776.     Samuel   Tucker,  chairman   of  the 
Committee  of  Safety,  treasurer  and  judge  of 
the  Supreme   Court,  vacated   his  offices  and 
swore  fealty  to  the  crown.     The  whole  num- 
ber of  the  people  of  New  Jersey  who  took 
advantage  of  Howe's  proclamation  is  stated 
at  two   thousand    seven  hundred    and  three. 
But  the  victories    of  Trenton  and  Princeton 
lightened    up    the    gloomy  horizon ;   citizens 
found  that  Howe's  protections  did  not  save 
them  from  the  depredations  of  the  Hessian 
soldiery,  who  overran   the    State  and  spared 
neitherage  nor  sex  from  outrage  and  plunder  ; 
what  the   earnest   recommendations  of  Con- 
gress, the  zealous  exertions  of  Governor  Liv- 
ingston    and     the    ardent    supplications    of 
■  Washington    could  not   effect,  was  produced 
by  the  rapine  and  devastations  of  the  Royal 
forces.     The  whole  country  became  instantly 
liostile  to    the  invaders,  and  sufferers  of  all 
parties  rose  as  one  man  to  avenge  their  per- 
sonal    injuries.       With    his    quick    insight, 
Washiugton     perceived    that    this    was    the 
moment    for   the    recovery   of  New    Jersey. 
From    his    headquarters   at    Morristown  he 
issued,  on  January  25,  1777,  a  proclamation 
giving  all  persons  who  had  accepted    British 
protection  tliirty  days  in  which    to  repair  to 
the  nearest  headquarters  of  the  Coutiueatal 


THE  WAR  OF  THE  REVOLUTION. 


47 


service,  and  then  to  surrender  their  papers 
and  receive  full  pardon  for  their  past  offenses. 
The  alternative  offered  them  was  to  retire 
with  their  families  within  the  British  lines 
or  be  regarded  as  adherents  of  the  King  of 
Great  Britain  and  enemies  of  their  country. 
The  result  was  most  satisfactory.  Hundreds 
of  timid  inhabitants  renewed  their  allegiance 
to  America,  the  most  dangerous  Tories  were 
driven  out  and  the  army  was  largely  in- 
creased by  volunteers  and  by  the  return  of 
many  of  its  veterans  who  had  deserted  dur- 
ing the  dark  days  of  the  previous  November 
and  December. 

The  American  army  moved  to 
the  neighborhood  of  Bound  Brook 
on  May  28,  1777,  and  on  June 
14th  the  British  retreated  towards 
Amboy,  but  hnrried  back  from 
thence  with  the  expectation  of  at- 
tacking Washington  at  Quibble- 
town  (Newmarket),  where  he  had 
taken  up  his  position.  At  Wood- 
bridge,  on  June  20th,  Jjord  Corn- 
wall is  drove  back  Morgan's  Ran- 
gers and  Stirling's  troop.s,  but 
they  held  them  in  check  long 
enough  to  permit  Washington  to 
retire  to  his  stronghold  near  Bound 
Brook,  he  being  too  weak  to 
undertake  battle  in  the  open  field.  The 
British  returned  to  Aml>oy,  where  they 
cro.ssed  to  Staten  Island ;  and  during  the 
remainder  of  the  ^var  New  Jersey  was  not 
again  so  completely  overrun  with  marauders 
and  British  troops,  although  many  parties 
entered  it  for  pillage  from  hostile  camps  in 
adjoining  States.  Washington  crossed  the 
Delaware  to  Philadelphia  ;  Howe  took  his 
army  around  by  water  from  New  York  to 
Philadelphia  by  way  of  the  Chesapeake  and 
the  Elk  River ;  and  by  defeating  Wasliing- 
ton  at  the  Brandywine,  on  September  11th, 
and  at  Gcrniantown,  on  October  24th,  he  se- 
cured possession  of  Philadelphia  for  the  winter 
that  the  patriots  spent  at  Valley  Forge. 


In  September,  1777,  Continental  Congress 
moved  from  Philadelphia  to  the  town  of 
York,  Pa.,  where  for  the  nine  succeeding 
months,  until  June  of  1778,  that  historic 
band  of  patriots  held  their  deliberations, 
when,  upon  ihe  retreat  of  the  British  across 
New  Jer.sey,  they  returned  to  Philadelphia. 

The  Battle  of  Red  Bank. — The  first 


engagements  of  the  Revolution 


fought  upon 


the  soil  of  Gloucester  County  were  the  bat- 
tle of  Red  Bank,  October  22,  1777,  and  the 
skirmish  at  Billingsport,  which  preceded  it 
by  a  few  days.  For  the  protection  of  the 
Delaware,    the   Americans    had    built    Fort 


INDEPENDENCE    HALL,    PHILADELPHIA,  IN    177(3. 


Mifflin,  a  strong  redoubt,  with  quite  exten- 
sive outworks,  on  the  marshy  island  on  the 
Pennsylvania  side,  just  below  the  mouth  of 
the  Schuylkill.  Fort  Mercer,  an  e(piaily 
good  -w-ork,  was  placed  on  iiigh  ground  at 
Red  Bank,  on  the  New  Jersey  shore,  and  in 
the  river  channels,  under  cover  of  the  fire  of 
the  batteries,  were  sunk  ranges  of  strong 
frames  with  iron-pointed  wooden  spikes, 
which  were  calculated  to  be  impassable  to 
vessels.  At  Billingsport,  three  miles  beiow, 
on  the  New  Jersey  side,  a  third  fort  was  erect- 
ed, and  the  channel  between  it  and  Billings' 
Island  was  again  closed  by  chevaux-de-frisc. 
To  clear  the  way  for  his  fleet  and  for  the 
entrance  of  supplies  into  Philadelphia,  it  was 


48 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


necessary  for  Howe  to  open  the  river,  and  he 
accordingly  ordered  Captain  Haiiimond,  with 
the  frigate  "  Eoebuck "  and  several  other 
vessels,  around  from  the  Chesapeake.  Ar- 
riving in  the  stream  below  Billingsport, 
Hammond  reconnoitered  and  came  to  the 
conclusion  that  he  might  force  a  passage 
through  the  obstructions  if  a  land  force 
would  engage  the  fort.  The  scheme  seemed 
feasible  to  Howe,  and  he  detailed  to  execute 
it,  two  regiments  of  infantry,  under  Colonel 
Stirling.  Crossing  the  river  from  Chester, 
Stirling  fell  furiously  u.pon  the  inferior  gar- 
rison of  the  fort,  which  was  not  finished, 
who  spiked  their  cannon,  set  fire  to  their 
barracks  and  fled  in  dismay.     The  English 


FORT    MIFFJ^IN. 

Exi'i.ANATluN. — a  the  inner  rctloiibt ;  b  b  h  iiliigh  fiXfLl  stone  wall, 
built  by  Monti-oasorj  witli  indentations  wlievetlie  soldiers  boiled  tlieir 
kettles  (this  wall  wjis  pierced  with  loop-holes  for  ninslcetry)  ;  c  c  c  c 
block-houso,  bnilt  of  wood,  with  loop-holc.s  and  mounting  four 
pieces  of  cannon  each,  two  on  the  lower  platform  ;  d  d  d  barraclts  ; 
6  c  e  stockades  ;  /./"/  trosa  de  Loup  ;  g  rj  ravines.  On  tlie  south  side 
were  two-story  pieces  of  battery,  mounting  three  cannon. 

completed  the  demolition  of  the  works,  while 
Captain  Hammond  made  a  pas.sage  through 
the  obstructious  wide  enough  to  permit  the 
stpiadroD  of  six  men-of-war  to  sail  through 
and  up  to  Hog  Island,  where  they  anchored. 
Lossing's  "  Field-Book  of  the  Revolu- 
tion," says, — 

"  Howe  now  determined  to  make  a  general  sweep 
of  all  the  American  works  on  the  Delaware,  and 
preparatory  thereto  he  called  in  his  outposts,  and 


concentrated  his  whole  army  near  to  and  within 
Philadelphia.  Two  Rhode  Island  regiments,  be- 
longing to  General  Varnum's  brigade,  under  Col- 
onel Christopher  Greene,  garris.oned  the  fort  at 
Red  Bank,  and  about  the  same  number  of  the 
Maryland  Line,  under  Lieutenant-Colonel  Samuel 
Smith,  occupied  Fort  Mifflin.  The  American 
fleet,  consisting  chiefly  of  galleys  and  floating 
batteries,  was  commanded  by  Commodore  Hazel- 
wood.  It  was  quite  as  important  to  the  Ameri- 
cans to  maintain  these  forts  and  defend  the  river 
obstructions  as  it  was  to  the  British  to  destroy 
them.  It  was,  therefore,  determined  to  hold  them 
to  the  last  extremity,  for  it  was  evident  that  such 
continued  possession  would  force  Howe  to  evacu- 
ate Philadelphia." 

Washington's  letter  of  instructions  to  Col- 
onel Greene,  dated  October  7,  1777,  displays 
his  solicitude  that  Fort  Mercer  should  be 
held.     He  wrote, — 

"I  have  directed  General  Varnum  to  send  your 
regiment  and  that  of  Colonel  Angell  to  Red  Bank  by 
a  route  which  has  been  marked  out  to  him.  The 
command  of  that  detachment  will,  of  course,  devolve 
upon  you,  with  which  you  will  proceed  with  all  ex- 
pedition and  throw  yourself  into  that  place.  Wheu 
you  arrive  there  you  will  immediately  communicate 
to  Colonel  Smith,  commander  of  thegarrison  atFort 
Mifflin,  and  Commodore  Hazelwood,  commander 
of  the  fleet  ia  the  river.  You  are  to  co-operate 
with  them  in  every  measure  necessary  for  the 
defense  of  the  obstructions  in  the  river,  and  to 
counteract  every  attempt  the  enemy  may  make  for 
their  removal.  You  will  find  a  very  good  fortifica- 
tion at  Red  Bank ;  but  if  anything  should  be 
requisite  to  render  it  stronger,  or  proportion  it  to 
the  size  of  your  garrison,  you  will  have  it  done.  The 
cannon  you  will  stand  in  need  of,  as  much  as  can  be 
spared,  will  be  furnished  from  the  galleys  at  Fort 
Mifiiin,  from  whence  you  will  also  derive  supplies 
of  military  stores.  I  have  sent  Captain  Duplessis, 
with  some  otficers  and  men,  to  take  the  immediate 
direction  of  the  artillery  for  your  garrison.  He  is 
also  to  superintend  any  works  that  may  be  neces- 
sary. If  there  be  any  deficiency  of  the  men  for 
the  artillery,  the  security  of  the  garrison  will 
require  you  to  assist  them  in  the  few  additional 
ones  from  your  detachment.  You  should  not  lose 
a  moment's  time  in  getting  to  the  place  of  your 
destination  and  making  every  preparation  for  its 
defense.  Any  delay  might  give  the  enemy  an 
opportunity  of  getting  there  before  you,  which 
could  not  fail  of  being  most  fatal  in  its  conse- 


THE  "WAR  OT"  THE  REVOLUTION. 


49 


quences.  If  in  the  progress  of -your  march  you 
should  fall  in  with  any  detachment  of  the  enemy, 
bending  towards  the  same  obiect  and  likely  to 
gain  it  before  you,  and  from  intelligence  should 
have  reason  to  think  yourself  equal  to  the  task, 
you  will  by  all  means  attack  them  and  endeavor  by 
that  means  to  disappoint  their  design. 

"  I  have  written  to  General  Newcomb,  of  the 
Jersey  militia,  to  give  you  all  the  aid  in  his  power, 
for  which  you  will  accordingly  apply,  when  neces- 
sary. Upon  the  whole,  sir,  you  will  be  pleased  to 
remember  that  the  post  with  which  you  are  now 
intrusted  is  of  the  utmost  importance  to  America 
and  demands  every  exertion  of  which  you  are 
capable  for  its  security  and  defense.  The  whole 
defense  of  the  Delaware  absolutely  depends  upon 
it ;  consequently  all  the  enemy's  hope  of  keeping 
Philadelphia  and  finally  succeeding  in  the  object 
of  the  present  campaign." 


was  an  elder  among  Friends,  yet  the  urbanity  and 
politeness  of  the  German  soldier  so  won  upon  him 
that  he  was  kindly  remembered  ever  after.  The 
inhabitants,  however,  suffered  much  from  the  dep- 
redations of  the  common  soldiers,  who  wantonly 
destroyed  their  property  and  endangered  their 
lives.  The  presence  of  an  officer  in  a  house  was  a 
protection  against  them,  and  every  family  sought 
out  one,  with  the  promise  of  good  entertainment 
without  cost,  that  it  might  be  saved  from  destruc- 
tion. These  troops  regarded  the  American  people 
as  semi-barbarous,  and  that  to  destroy  their  prop- 
erty was  nothing  more  than  they  deserved.  .  .  . 
The  sad  defeat  that  attended  them,  and  the  death 
of  their  commanding  officer,  completely  demoral- 
ized them  and- they  returned  in  detached  bodies, 
begging  shelter  and  food  of  those  they  had  so  illy 
treated.  The  transportation  of  the  wounded 
caused  much  trouble,   and   as   a  detachment  ap- 


Howe  entrusted  the  capture  of  Fort  Mer- 
cer to  Count  Donop,  a  Hessian  officer  in  the 
British  service,  and  gave  him  four  battalions, 
comprising  twenty-five  hundred  Hessian  vet- 
erans. They  crossed  the  Delaware  at  Coop- 
ers Ferry  on  October  21st,  and  marched  that 
evening  to  Haddonfield. 

Judge  Clement  says,  in  his  "  Revolution- 
ary Reminiscences  of  Camden  County," — 

"  The  last  encampment  of  the  Hessian  troops 
under  Count  Donop, before  the  battle  of  Red  Bank, 
was  in  Haddonfield.  It  was  across  the  street,  near 
the  residence  of  John  Gill  (where  now  stands  the 
residence  of  the  late  John  Gill,  Esq.),  extending 
some  distance  into  the  fields.  In  this  house  Do- 
nop had  his  headquarters,  and  although  the  owner 
7 


preached  Haddonfield  a  farmer  living  near  the 
road  was,  with  his  horse  and  cart,  pressed  into  the 
service  to  carry  some  that  were  unable  to  walk 
further.  The  appearance  of  armed  men  so  terri- 
fied the  farmer  that  he  neglected  to  fasten  down 
the  front  part  of  his  vehicle,  and  when  rising  a 
hill  near  the  village,  the  weight  of  the  men  was 
thrown  on  the  back  of  the  cart,  and  all  were  pitched 
headlong  into  the  road.  The  swearing  of  the  sol- 
diers in  German,  and  the  protestations  of  the  farmer 
in  English,  made  things  no  belter  ;  but  after  many 
threats  the  vehicle  was  properly  secured  and  the 
journey  completed,  much,  no  doubt,  to  the  comfort 
of  all  concerned.  Becoming  better  acquainted 
with  the  people,  and  finding  the  country  much  in 
need  of  settlers,  many  (Hessians)  deserted  and  re- 
mained, afterwards  becoming  thrifty  people  and 
good  citizens." 

Before  daylight  on  the  morning  of  the 
22d  the  Hessians  left  Haddonfield,  but  as 
the  American    pickets   had    destroyed   the 


50 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


lower  bridge  over  Timber  Creek,  they  were 
obliged  to  cross  four  miles  above,  at  the  pres- 
ent Clement's  bridge,  and,  because  of  this  de- 
lay, were  not  in  front  of  Fort  Mercer  until 
near  noon.'  Donop  halted  his  command  on 
the  edge  of  the  woods  to  the  north  of  the 
fort  and  sent  forward  an  officer  with  a  flag 
and  a  drummer,  who  summoned  the  garrison 
to  surrender.  "  The  King  of  England,"  he 
proclaimed,  "orders  his  rebellious  subjects 
to  lay  down  their  arms,  and  they  are  warned, 
that  if  they  stand  the  battle,  no  quarters 
whatever  will  be  given."  This  threat  of  the 
massacre  of  wounded  and  prisoners  did  not 
daunt  the  Americans,  Colonel  Greene  reply- 
ing :  "  We  ask  no  quarters,  nor  will  we  give 
any."  On  the  receipt  of  this  defiant  answer, 
they  hastily  threw  up  an  earthwork  within 
half  cannon-shot  of  Fort  Mercer,  and  at  a 
quarter  before  five  o'clock  advanced  a  battal- 
ion on  the  north  front  under  cover  of  a  brisk 
artillery  fire.  Reaching  the  first  entrench- 
ment, which  they  found  abandoned,  but  not 

1  The  Marquis  de  Chastellux,  the  author  of  "Travels 
in  North  America,"  visited  Fort  Mercer  in  company 
with  General  Lafayette  and  M.  du  Plessis  Mauduit,  the 
Dnplessis  mentioned  in  Washington's  letter  to  Colonel 
Greene,  who  was  a  highly  capable  French  engineer  and 
artillerist.  Chastellux  wrote  :  "  The  bank  of  the  Dela- 
ware at  this  place  is  steep  ;  but  even  this  steepness  al- 
lowed the  enemy  to  approach  the  fort  under  cover  and 
without  being  exposed  to  the  fire  of  the  batteries.  To 
remedy  this  inconvenience,  several  galleys,  armed  with 
cannon  and  destined  to  defend  the  chevaux-de-frise, 
were  posted  the  whole  length  of  the  escarpment  and 
took  it  in  reverse.  The  Americans,  little  practiced  in 
the  art  of  fortifications,  and  always  disposed  to  take 
works  beyond  their  strength,  had  made  those  at  Red 
Bank  too  extensive.  When  M.  du  Mauduit  obtained 
permission  to  be  sent  thither  by  Colonel  Greene,  he  im- 
mediately set  about  reducing  the  fortifications  by  inter- 
secting them  from  east  to  west,  which  transformed  them 
into  a  large  redoubt  nearly  of  a  pentagonal  form.  A 
good  earthen  rampart  raised  to  the  height  of  the  cor- 
don, a  fosse  and  an  abatis  in  front  of  the  fosse  consti- 
tuted the  whole  strength  of  this  post,  in  which  were 
placed  three  hundred  men  and  fourteen  pieces  of  can- 
non." The  authors  of  the  "New  Jersey  Historical  Col- 
lections" assert  that  a  great  portion  of  the  garrison 
were  negroes  and  mulattoes  and  all  were  in  a  ragged 
destitute  condition. 


destroyed,  they-imagined  that  they  had  driven 
the  Americans  away,  and,  waving  their  hats 
and  with  shouts  of  victory,  rushed  toward 
the  redoubt,  led  by  the  officer  and  drumtner 


FORT   MEECEB. 

PLAN   OF  FOHT  MERnER,  AT   RED    BANK,    NEW   JBESEY. 

References. 

A.  End  of  the  fort  at  which  the  HeESians  entered. 

B.  Small  ditch,  cross  embankment  and  location  of  the  masked  bat- 

tery, 
e.  Remains  of  the  hickory-tree  used  during  the  battle  as  a  flag  staff. 

D.  Ruins  of  a  brick  wall  in  the  middle  of  the  artificial  bank.— Gate- 

way. 

E.  Count  Donop's  grave. 

F.  Louis  Whitall's  house. 

G*  Monument,  erected  in  1829. 

H.  Pleasure-house. 

I.    Marks  of  the  trenches  in  which  the  slain  were  deposited. 

K.  Eoad  the  Hessians  marched  to  the  attack.— Reeve's  old  road. 

L.  Tenant  House. 

M.  Road  to  Woodbury. 

N.  Direction  of  Fort  Mifflin. 

0.  Farm  Road. 

Note.— The  works  represented  extend  about  360  yards  in  a  right 
line. 

who  had  previously  communicated  with 
Greene  under  the  flag  of  truce.  According 
to  the  account  given   by   the    Marquis  de 


THE  WAR  OF  THE  REVOLUTION. 


51 


Chastellux,  who  received  it  from  M.  du  Pies- 
sis  Mauduit,  "  they  had  already  reached  the 
abatis  aad  were  endeavoring  to  tear  up  or 
cut  away  the  branches  when  they  were  over- 
whelmed with  a  shower  of  musket-shot, 
which  took  thein  in  front  and  flank ;  for,  as 
chance  would  have  it,  a  part  of  the  courtine 
of  the  old  entrenchment,  which  had  not  been 
destroyed,  formed  a  projection  at  this  very 
part  of  the  intersection."  M.  du  Mauduit 
had  contrived  to  form  it  into  a  sort  of  ca- 
poniere  (or  trench  with  loop-holes),  into  which 
he  threw  some  men,  who  flanked  the  enemy's 
left  and  fired  on  them  at  close  shot.  Officers 
were  seen  every  moment  rallying  their  men, 
marching  back  to  the  abatis  and  falling 
amidst  the  branches  they  were  endeavoring 
to  cut.  Colonel  Donop  was  particularly  dis- 
tinguished by  the  marks  of  the  order  he 
wore,  by  his  handsome  figure  and  by  his 
courage.  He  was  also  seen  to  fall  like  the 
rest.  The  Hessians,  repulsed  by  the  fire  of 
the  redoubt,  attempted  to  secure  themselves 
by  attacking  on  the  side  of  the  escarpment, 
but  the  fire  from  the  galleys  sent  them  back 
with  a  great  loss  of  men.  At  length  they 
relinquished  the  attack  and  regained  the 
woods  in  disorder. 

"  While  this  was  passing  on  the  north  side,  an- 
other column  made  an  attack  on  the  south,  and 
more  fortunate  than  the  other,  passed  the  abattis, 
traversed  the  foBte  and  mounted  the  berm,  but 
they  were  stopped  by  the  /raises,  and  M.  du  Mau- 
duit running  to  this  post  as  soon  as  he  saw  the 
first  assailants  give  way,  the  others  were  obliged 
to  follow  their  example.  They  still  did  not  dare, 
however,  to  stir  out  of  the  fort,  fearing  a  surprise, 
but  M.  du  Mauduit,  wishing  to  replace  some  pali- 
sades that  had  been  torn  up,  he  sallied  out  with  a 
few  men  and  was  surprised  to  find  about  twenty 
Hessians  standing  on  the  berm  and  stuck  up 
against  the  shelf  of  the  parapet.  These  soldiers, 
who  had  been  bold  enough  to  advance  thus  far — 
sensible  that  there  was  more  risk  in  returning 
and  not  thinking  proper  to  expose  themselves— 
were  taken  and  brought  into  the  fort.  M.  du 
Mauduit .  .  .  again  sallied  out  with  a  detach- 
ment, and  it  was  then  that  he  beheld  the  deplora- 
ble ^ectacle  of  the  dead  and  dying  heaped  one 


upon  another.  A  voice  arose  from  these  carcases 
and  said  in  English  :  '  Whoever  you  are,  draw  me 
hence.'  It  was  the  voice  of  Colonel  Donop.  M. 
du  Mauduit  made  the  soldiers  lift  him  up  and 
carry  him  into  the  fort,  where  he  was  soon  known. 
He  had  his  hip  broken,  but  whether  they  did  not 
consider  his  weund  as  mortal,  or  that  they  were 
heated  by  the  battle  and  still  irritated  at  the  men- 
aces thrown  out  against  them  a  few  hours  before, 
the  Americans  could  not  help  saying  aloud, '  Well, 
is  it  determined  to  give  no  quarter?'  'I  am  in 
your  hands,'  replied  the  colonel.  '  You  may  re- 
venge yourselves.'  M.  du  Mauduit  had  no  diffi- 
culty in  imposing  silence  and  employed  himself 
only  in  taking  care  of  the  wounded  officer.  The 
latter,  perceiving  he  spoke  bad  English,  said  to 
him :  '  You  appear  to  me  a  foreigner,  sir ;  who  are 
you?'  '  A  French  officer,' replied  the  other.  '  Je 
suis  content,'  said  Donop,  making  use  of  our  lan- 
guage, '  Je  meurs  entre  les  mains  de  I'honneur 
meme '  (I  am  content ;  I  die  in  the  hands  of 
honor  itself)" 

Donop  was  first  taken  to  the  Whitall '  res- 
idence, just  below  the  fort,  and  afterwards  to 
the  home  of  the  Lowes,  south  of  Woodbury 
Creek,  where  he  died  three  days  after  the 
battle,  saying  to  M.  du  Mauduit  in  his  last 
moments :  "  It  is  finishing  a  noble  career 
early  ;  but  I  die  the  victim  of  my  ambition 
and  the  avarice  of  my  sovereign."  To  Col- 
onel Clymer  he  said  ;  "  See  in  me  the  vanity 
of  all  human  pride  !  I  have  shone  in  all  the 
courts  of  Europe,  and  now   I  am  dying  here 

1  Mickle  and  Lossing  insist  on  the  truth  of  the  anec- 
dote concerning  Mrs.  Ann  Whitall.  It  runs  that  when 
the  battle  begun  she  was  spinning  in  an  upper  room  of 
the  house.  She  had  refused  to  leave  it.  Presently  a 
shot  from  one  of  the  British  vessels  crashed  through 
the  wall  and  lodged  in  a  partition  near  where  she  was 
sitting,  whereupon  she  carefully  removed  her  wheel  to 
the  cellar  and  continued  at  her  work  until  the  wounded 
were  brought  to  the  house  and  she  was  called  upon  to 
attend  them.  The  Whitalls  were  Friends  and  their 
peace  doctrines  were  incomprehensible  to  Du  Mauduit. 
He  thought  Mr.  Whitall  was  a  Tory  and  therefore  or- 
dered his  barn  torn  down  and  his  orchard  destroyed. 
The  old  house  stands  a  short  distance  south  from  the  fort 
and  close  to  the  river-bank.  It  is  a  brick  structure, 
and  is  now  one  hundred  and  thirty-eight  years  old,  as 
appears  from  the  date  of  its  erection  cut  in  the  north 
end,  where  the  characters  "J.  A.  W."  (.Tames  and 
Anna  Wiitall)   may  still  be  seen. 


52 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


ou  the  banks  of  the  Delaware   in   the  house 
of  an  obscure  Quaker." 

The  loss  of  the  Americans  was  fourteen 
killed,  twenty-seven  wounded  and  a  captain 
taken  prisoner  while  reconnoitering.  Some 
of  these  casualties  were  due  to  the  bursting 
of  a  cannon  in  the  fort.  The  Hessians  lost 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Mingrode,  three  captains, 
four  lieutenants  and  near  seventy  privates 
killed,  and  Count  Donop,  his  brigade-major, 
a  captain,  lieutenant  and  upwards  of  seventy 
non-commissioned  officers  and  privates  wound- 
ed and  made  prisonei's.  The  Hessians'  slain 
were  buried  in  the  fosse  soutii  of  the  fort. 
Count  Donop  was  interred  near  the  spot 
where  he  fell  and  a  stone  placed  over  him  witii 


(then  in  the  British  service),  at  Red  Banlc,  on  the 
22d  Octo.,  1777.  Among  the  wounded  was  found 
their  commandei-,  Count  Donop,  who  died  of  his 
wounds  and  whose  body  lies  interred  near  the  spot 
where  he  fell." 

This  is  the  inscription  on  the  west  side, — 

"  A  number  of  the  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylva- 
nia Volunteers,  being  desirous  to  perpetuate  the 
memory  of  the  distinguished  officers  and  soldiers 
who  fought  and  bled  in  the  glorious  struggle  for 
x-i-uierican  Independence,  have  erected  this  monu- 
ment on  the  22d  day  of  Octo.,  A.D.  1829." 

After  their  overwhelming  repulse  the  Hes- 
sians retreated  hastily  towards  Coopers  Fer- 
ry. The  main  Ijody  went  by  way  of  Clem- 
ent's Bridge,  some  by  way  of  Blackwood- 
town,   and    some    by  Chews   Landing,  near 


M1'I>    rsLAND,  1? 


the    inscription,    "  Here    lies    buried    ( 'ount 
Donop." 

Greeue's  defense  of  the  fort  was  highly  ap- 
plauded and  Congress  ordered  the  Board  of 
War  to  present  him  with  a  handsome  sword, 
which  was  sent  to  his  family  after  the  War, 
he  having  been  murdered  by  Torv  dragoons 
under  Colonel  Delancy  at  his  quarters  near 
Croton  River,  Westchester  Comity,  N.  Y. 
On  the  anniversary  of  the  battle  of  Red 
Bank  in  1829  a  marble  monument,  which 
had  been  erected  by  the  contributions  of  New- 
Jersey  and  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  was 
unveiled  within  the  northern  line  of  the  out- 
works of  the  fort  and  within  a  few  feet  of 
the  margin  of  the  Delaware.  On  its  south 
side  was  inscribed, — 

"This  monument  was  erected  on  the  22d  Octo., 
1829,  to  transmit  to  Posterity  a  grateful  remem- 
brance of  the  Patriotism  and  gallantry  of  Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Christopher  Greene,  who,  with  400 
men,  conquered  the  Hessian  army  of  2000  troops 


where,  it  is  .stated  on  the  authority  of  Mickle, 
they  were  met  by  a  company  of  farmers' 
boys  and  held  at  bay  for  some  time.  This 
detachment  liad  with  them  a  brass  cannon, 
which  they  are  supposed  to  have  thrown  into 
Timber  Creek  at  Clement's  Bridge. 

Judge  Clement  has  recently  made  the  fol- 
lowing addition  to  his  reminiscences  : 

"  Martin  Cox,  a  blacksmith,  who  plied  his  call- 
ing at  Chews  Landing,  was  an  enthusiastic  Whig, 
and  repaired  the  various  arms  used  by  the  soldiers. 
The  day  of  the  battle  of  Red  Bank  he  started  for 
the  fort  to  return  a  number  of  muskets  to  the 
troops  of  that  place,  but  finding  that  he  could 
not  reach  there  by  reason  of  the  advance  guard  of 
the  Hessians,  he  buried  them  near  by.  He  did 
not  return  after  the  battle,  and  they  were  left  in 
the  ground  where  he  had  placed  them  for  many 
years,  and  a  tradition  in  his  family  explains  the 
cause  of  their  being  there  when  found." 

From  a  brief  mention  made  by  Mickle,  it 
appears  that  in  their  march  on  Fort  Mercer 
the  Hessians  were  guided   by  some  country- 


THE  WAR  OF  THE  REVOLUTION. 


53 


men,  who  were  afterwards  fearfully  punished 
for  their  treachery  to  America.  He  writes, — 

"  Donop  pressed  several  persons  whom  he  found 
along  the  route  into  his  service  as  pilots,  among 
whom  was  a  negro  belonging  to  the  Cooper  family, 
called  Old  Mitch,  who  was  at  work  by  the  Cooper's 
Creek  bridge.  A  negro  named  Dick,  belonging  to 
the  gallant  Colonel  Ellis,  and  an  infamous  white 
scoundrel  named  Mcllvaine,  volunteered  their 
services  as  guides.  At  the  bar  of  the  Haddoniield 
tavern  these  loyal  fellows  were  very  loud  in  their 
abuse  of  the  American  cause ;  but  their  insolence, 
as  we  shall  see,  was  soon  repaid.  .  .  .  Dick  and 
Mcllvaine,  the  guides,  having  been  taken  prison- 
ers by  the  Americans,  were  immediately  hung 
within  the  fort  for  divers  outrages  which  they  had 
committed.  Old  Mitch,  the  other  pilot,  lived  until 
recently  (1845)  to  tell  to  groups  of  admiring  Cam- 
den boys  how  terribly  he  was  scared  in  this  mem- 
orable fight.  Resolved  not  to  bear  arms  against 
his  country,  and  being  afraid  to  run  away,  he  got 
behind  a  hay-rick  when  the  battle  began,  and  lay 
there  flat  on  the  ground  until  it  was  over." 

Mickle  is  a  usually  reliable  chronicler,  but 
there  is  no  record  to  substantiate  his  state- 
ment as  to  the  execution  of  Dick  and  Mc- 
llvaine. 

Forts  Mbroer  and  Mifflin  Aban- 
doned.— Waiting  near  Hog  Island  for  the 
signal-gun  of  Donop's  attack  were  the  Brit- 
ish sixty-four-gun  ship,  the  "  Augusta,"  the 
"  Roebuck  "  and  two  other  frigates,  the  sloop 
"  Merlin  "  and  a  galley.  When  that  gun  was 
fired  they  stood  up  the  river  with  the  inten- 
tion of  cannonading  the  American  positions, 
but  were  held  back  by  the  stubborn  fire  of 
Hazlewood's  little  squadron.  The  next  morn- 
ing the  battle  was  renewed,  the  British  and 
American  fleets  and  Forts  Mifflin  and  Mer- 
cer all  taking  part.  The  British  commander 
aimed  to  work  his  floating  batteries  into  the 
channel  between  Mud  (Fort)  Island  and  the 
Pennsylvania  shore,  in  order  to  shell  Mifflin 
from  its  rear,  but  each  effort  was  thwarted  by 
the  vigilance  and  the  effective  great  gun  ser- 
vice of  the  patriots.  By  noon  the  enemy  found 
that  it  was  impossible  to  force  the  passage  of 
the  river  by  direct  assault,  and  made  prepara- 
tions to  retire.     A  hot  shot  had  pierced  the 


"  Augusta  "  and  set  her  on  fire.  Becoming  un- 
manageable, she  drifted  towards  the  New 
Jersey  shore  and  went  hard  and  fast  aground, 
her  ship's  company  escaping  to  the  other  ves- 
sels. When  the  flames  reached  her  magazine 
she  blew  up.  The  "  Merlin  "  met  with  precisely 
the  same  fate,  and  at  three  o'clock  blew  up 
near  the  mouth  of  Mud  Creek.  The  "  Roe- 
buck "  and  her  remaining  consorts  then  gave 
up  the  fight  and  left  the  Americans  the  pres- 
ent masters  of  the  Delaware. 

But  because  the  river  was  the  only  avenue 
through  which  Howe  could  be  certain  of  re- 
ceiving supplies  in  Philadelphia,  he  again  set 
to  work  to  open  it  for  his  ships.  By  Novem- 
ber 1st  lie  had  erected  on  Province  Island, 
a  low  mud  bank  between  Fort  Mifflin  and 
the  Pennsylvania  shore,  five  batteries  of 
heavy  guns.  On  this  side  Fort  MiffliD  had 
only  a  wet  ditch  without  ravelin  or  abatis, 
and  a  weak  block-house  at  each  of  the  angles. 
The  British  also  brought  to  bear  upon  the 
fort  four  sixty-four-gun  ships  and  two  forty- 
gun  ships,  besides  a  floating  battery  of 
twenty-two  twenty-four  pounders,  which  was 
moved  within  forty  yards  of  an  angle  of  the 
fort.  Lossing  gives  the  following  narrative 
of  the  bombardment  that  followed  : 

"  On  the  10th  of  November  the  enemy  opened 
their  batteries  on  land  and  water,  and  for  six  con- 
secutive days  poured  a  storm  of  bombs  and  round 
shot  upon  the  devoted  fortification.  With  con- 
summate skill  and  courage,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Smith  directed  the  responses  from  the  ordnance  of 
the  fort.  The  artillery,  drawn  chiefly  from  Colonel 
Lamb's  regiment,  were  commanded  by  Lieutenant 
Treat,  who  was  killed  on  the  first  day  of  the  siege 
by  the  bursting  of  a  bomb.  On  that  day  the  bar- 
racks alone  suffered,  but  on  the  morning  of  the 
11th  the  direction  of  the  enemy's  fire  was  changed ; 
a  dozen  of  the  strong  palisades  were  demolished 
and  a  cannon  in  an  embrasure  was  disabled.  The 
firing  did  not  cease  until  midnight  and  many  of  the 
garrison  were  killed  or  wounded.  Colonel  Smith, 
the  commander,  had  a  narrow  escape.  He  had  just 
gone  into  the  barracks  to  write  a  letter  to  General 
Varnum  when  a  ball  passed  through  the  chimney. 
He  was  struck  by  the  scattered  bricks  and  for  a 
time  lay  senseless.     He  was  taken  across  to  Red 


54 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTS,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Bank,  and  the  command  devolved  upon  Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Russell,  of  the  Connecticut  Line. 
That  officer  was  disabled  by  fatigue  and  ill  health, 
and  Major  Thayer,  of  the  Rhode  Island  Line, 
volunteered  to  take  his  place.  Major  Henry,  who 
sent  daily  reports  to  Washington  of  the  progress  of 
the  siege,  was  also  wounded  on  the  11th,  but  he 
continued  with  the  garrison.  On  the  12th  a  two- 
gun  battery  of  the  Americans  was  destroyed,  the 
northwest  block-house  and  laboratory  were  blown 
up,  and  the  garrison  were  obliged  to  seek  shelter 
within  the  fort.  At  sunrise  on  the  13th  thirty 
armed  boats  made  their  appearance,  and  during 
that  night  the  heavy  floating  batter j'  was  brought 
to  bear  on  the  fort.  It  opened  with  terrible  effect 
on  the  morning  of  the  14th,  yet  that  little  garrison 
of  300  men  managed  to  silence  it  before  noon. 

"Hitherto  the  enemy  did  not  know  the  real 
weakness  of  the  garrison ;  on  that  day  a  deserter  in 
a  boat  carried  information,  of  that  fact  to  the 
British,  who  were  seriously  thinking  of  abandon- 
ing the  siege,  for  they  had  suffered  much.  Hope 
was  revived  and  preparations  were  made  for  a 
general  and  more  vigorous  assault.  At  daylight 
on  the  15th  the  'Iris'  and  '  Somerset,'  men-of-war, 
passed  up  the  east  channel  to  attack  the  fort  in 
front.  Several  frigates  were  brought  to  bear  on 
Fort  Mercer,  and  the '  Vigilant,'  an  East  Indiaman 
of  twenty  twenty-four  pounders,  and  a  hulk  with 
three  twenty-four  pounders  made  their  way 
through  a  narrow  channel  on  the  western  side  and 
gained  a  position  to  act  in  concert  with  the  bat- 
teries on  Province  Island  in  enfilading  the  Ameri- 
can works.  At  ten  o'clock,  while  all  was  silent,  a 
signal  bugle  sent  forth  its  summons  to  action,  and 
instantly  the  land  batteries  and  the  shipping 
poured  forth  a  terrible  storm  of  missiles  upon  Fort 
Mifflin.  The  little  garrison  sustained  the  shock 
with  astonishing  intrepidity,  and  far  into  the  gloom 
of  the  evening  an  incessant  cannonade  was  kept 
up.  Within  an  hour  the  only  two  cannons  in  the 
fort  that  had  not  been  dismounted  shared  the  fate 
of  the  others.  Every  man  who  appeared  on  the 
platform  was  killed  by  the  musketeers  in  the  tops 
of  the  ships,  whose  yards  almost  hung  over  the 
American  battery.  Long  before  night  not  a  pali- 
sade was  left;  the  embrasures  were  ruined;  the 
whole  parapet  leveled;  the  blockhouses  were 
already  destroyed.  Early  in  the  evening  Major 
Thayer  sent  all  the  remnant  of  the  garrison  to  Red 
Bank,  excepting  forty  men,  with  whom  he  re- 
mained. Among  these  was  the  brave  Captain 
{afterwards  Commodore)  Talbot,  of  the  Rhode 
Island  Line,  who  was  wounded  in  the  hip,  having 
fought  for  hours  with  his  wrist  shattered  by  a  mus- 


ket-ball. At  midnight,  every  defence  and  every 
shelter  being  swept  away,  Thayer  and  his  men  set 
fire  to  the  remains  of  the  barracks,  evacuated  the 
fort  and  escaped  in  safety  to  Red  Bank.  Altogether, 
it  was  one  of  the  most  gallant  and  obstinate  de- 
fences made  during  the  war.  In  the  course  of  the 
last  day  more  than  a  thousand  discharges  of  can- 
non, from  twelve  to  thirty-two  pounders,  were 
made  against  the  works  on  Mud  Island.  Nearly 
250  men  of  the  garrison  were  killed  and  wounded. 
The  loss  of  the  British  was  great ;  the  number  was 
not  certainly  known." 

Washington,  shut  up  in  his  camp  at 
Whitemarsh,  could  not  send  a  man  to  the 
defense  of  Fort  Mifflin,  but  he  was  now  able 
to  detach  Huntington's  brigade  to  join  that 
of  Varnum  in  JSTew  Jersey,  and  ordered 
General  Greene  with  his  division  to  oppose 
Cornwallis,  who  had  crossed  the  Delaware 
from  Chester  to  Billingsport,  on  November 
18th,  to  attack  Fort  Mercer.  Greene  crossed 
at  Burlington  and  marched  toward  Red 
Bank,  but  as  he  was  disappointed  in  his 
expectation  of  being  joined  by  Glover's  bri- 
gade, and  believing  Cornwallis  to  be  much 
superior  to  himself  in  numbers,  he  gave  up 
the  notion  of  a  battle  and  marched  off 
tovi'ard  Haddonfield.  Colonel  Greene,  thus 
abandoned  to  his  fate,  evacuated  Fort  Mercer 
on  November  20th,  leaving  his  artillery, 
ammunition  and  some  stores  for  Cornwallis, 
who  distnantled  the  fort  and  demolished  the 
works.  The  latter  received  reinforcements 
until  he  had  fully  five  thousand  men,  with 
whom  he  took  position  at  Gloucester  Point. 
Morgan's  rifle  corps  joined  General  Greene, 
but  the  Americans  were  not  strong  enough 
to  venture  a  regular  attack  on  the  euemy. 
The  American  fleet,  no  longer  supported  by 
the  forts,  sought  other  places  of  safety.  On 
the  night  of  November  21st  the  galleys,  one 
brig  and  two  sloops  in  the  darkness  stole 
cautiously  along  the  Jersey  shore  past  the 
British  guns  and  arrived  at  Burlington  in 
safety.  Seventeen  other  craft  were  aban- 
doned by  their  crews  and  burned  to  the 
water's  edge  at  Gloucester.  The  enemy  were 
in  unvexed  possession  of  the  Delaware  from 


THE  WAR  OF  THE  REVOLUTION. 


55 


Philadelphia  to  the  ocean.  In  1872  the 
United  States  government  purchased  a  hun- 
dred acres  of  the  river  front  at  Red  Bank, 
and  since  then  the  vestiges  of  the  embank- 
ments and  trenches  of  Fort  Mercer  have 
been  preserved. 

Skirmishes  Around  Gloucester. — 
Both  General  Greene  and  Lord  Cornwallis 
retired  from  the  Gloucester  vicinage  early  in 
the  winter,  but  before  they  did  so  some  very 
interesting  incidents  occurred  there  and 
a,bout  Haddonfield,  which  are  graphically 
described  by  Isaac  Mickle  and  Judge 
Clement. 

On  the  evening  of  November  25,  1777, 
General.  Lafayette,  notwithstanding  that  he 
was  suffering  from  an  unclosed  wound,  came 
out  from  Greene's  camp  at  Haddonfield  with 
the  intention  of  reconnoitering  Cornwallis. 
His  zeal  carried  him  close  up  to  the  British 
lines,  upon  the  sandy  peninsula  south  of  the 
outlet  of  Timber  Creek,  and  he  was  pursued 
by  a  squad  of  dragoons.  He  reported  the 
encounter  to  Washington  in  the  subjoined 
language : 

"After  having  spent  the  most  part  of  the  day  in 
making  myself  well  acquainted  with  the  certainty 
of  the  enemy's  motions,  I  came  pretty  late  into 
the  Gloucester  road  between  the  two  creeks.  I 
had  ten  light  horse,  almost  one  hundred  and  fifty 
riflemen  and  two  pickets  of  militia.  Colonel 
Armand,  Colonel  Laumoy  and  Chevaliers  Du- 
plessis  and  Gimat  were  the  Frenchmen  with  me. 
A  scout  of  men  under  Duplessis  went  to  ascertain 
how  near  to  Gloucester  were  the  enemy's  first 
pickets,  and  they  found  at  the  distance  of  two 
and  a  half  miles  from  that  place  a  strong  post  of 
three  hundred  and  fifty  Hessians  with  field-pieces, 
and  they  engaged  immediately.  As  my  little 
reconnoitering  party  were  all  in  fine  spirits,  I 
supported  them.  We  pushed  the  Hessians  more 
than  half  a  mile  from  the  place  where  their  main 
body  had  been,  and  we  made  them  run  very  fast. 
British  reinforcements  came  twice  to  them,  but 
very  far  from  recovering  their  ground,  they  always 
retreated.  The  darkness  of  the  night  prevented 
us  from  pursuing  our  advantage.  After  standing 
on  the  ground  we  had  gained  I  ordered  them  to 
return  very  slowly  to  Haddonfield.  I  take  great 
pleasure  in  letting  you  know  that  the  conduct  of 


our  soldiers  was  above  all  praise.  I  never  saw 
men  so  merry,  so  spirited  and  so  desirous  to  go  on 
to  the  enemy,  whatever  force  they  might  have,  as 
that  small  party  in  this  little  fight." 

It  was  on  this  occasion  that  Morgan's 
Rangers  drew  from  Lafayette  the  notable 
compliment:  "I  found  them  even  above 
their  reputation."  They  were  commanded 
by  Lieutenant-Colonel  Butler.  The  Ameri- 
cans had  only  one  man  killed  and  six 
wounded,  while  the  British  lost  about  sixty 
in  killed,  wounded  and  prisoners. 

In  the  latter  part  of  February,  1778, 
General  Anthony  Wayne  came  into  Lower 
Jersey  to  gather  cattle  and  horses  for  the 
American  army,  and  Howe  dispatched 
Colonel  Stirling  .with  two  battalions  to 
impede  him. 

Major  Simcoe,  with  the  Queen's  Rang- 
ers, a  very  efficient  corps  of  Tories  re- 
cruited in  New  York  and  Connecticut, 
occupied  Haddonfield,  while  Stirling  re- 
mained near  Coopers  Ferry  with  a  reserve. 
Simcoe  occupied  the  main  street  with  his 
troops,  and  sent  detachments  to  destroy 
some  barrels  of  tar  near  Timber  Creek  and 
seize  a  lot  of  rum  on  the  Egg  Harbor  road 
east  of  the  village.  "  Mad  Anthony  "  quickly 
whirled  his  little  command  down  toward 
the  river  from  Mount  Holly,  and,  in  obedi- 
ence to  Stirling's  orders,  Simcoe  quitted 
Haddonfield  by  night  in  a  storm  of  sleet 
and  rain,  and  rejoined  the  reserve  at  Coopers 
Ferry,  with  Wayne  only  a  few  miles  distant. 
Mickle  says, — 

"The  next  day  (March  Ist)  a  sharp  skirmish 
ensued  between  the  Spicer's  Ferry  Bridge  over 
Coopers  Creek  and  the  place  where  the  Camden 
Academy  now  stands.  Fifty  British,  picked  out 
from  the  Forty-second  and  the  Rangers,  having 
been  sent  three  or  four  miles  up  the  direct  road  to 
Haddonfield,  for  some  remaining  forage,  were  met 
by  Wayne's  cavalry  and  forced  to  retreat  to  the 
ferry.  The  Americans  followed  Up  to  the  very 
cordon  of  the  enemy.  The  British  were  drawn 
up  in  the  following  order  :  the  Forty-second  upon 
the  right.  Colonel  Markham  in  the  centre  and  the 
Queen's  Rangers  upon  the  left,  with  their  left  flank 


56 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


resting  upon  Coopers  Creek-  Captain  Kerr  and 
Lieutenant  Wickham  were  in  the  meanwhile  em- 
barking with  their  men  to  Philadelphia,  and  as  the 
Americans  seemed  disposed  only  to  reconnoitre. 
Colonel  Markham's  detachment  and  the  horses  also 
started  across  the  river.  Just  then  a  barn  within 
the  cordon  was  fired,  and  the  Americans,  taking 
this  as  evidence  that  only  a  few  stragglers  were 
left  upon  the  eastern  shore,  advanced  and  drove  in 
the  pickets.  The  Forty-second  moved  forward  in 
line  and  the  Eangers  in  column  by  companies,  the 
sailors  drawing  some  three-pound  cannon.  A  few 
Americans  appearing  upon  the  Waterford  side  of 
Coopers  Creek,  Captain  Armstrong,  with  a  com- 
pany of  Grenadiers,  was  ordered  to  line  a  dyke  on 
this  side  to  watch  them. 

"  Upon  the  right,  in  the  neighborhood  of  the 
Academy  and  the  Hicksite  Meeting-house,  a  heavy 
fire  was  kept  up  by  the  Forty-second  upon  the 
main  body  of  the  Americans,  who  were  in  the 
woods  along  the  Haddonfield  road.  The  Eangers 
on  the  left,  toward  the  creek,  only  had  to  oppose 
a  few  scattered  cavalry,  who  were  reconnoitering. 
As  Simcoe  advanced  rapidly  to  gain  an  eminence 
in  front,  which  he  conceived  to  be  a  strong  and 
advantageous  position,'  the  cavalry  retired  to  the 
woods,  except  on  officer,  who  reined  back  his  horse 
and  facing  the  Rangers  as  they  dashed  on,  slowly 
waved  his  sword  for  his  attendants  to  retreat.  The 
English  Light  Infantry  came  within  fifty  yards  of 
him,  when  one  of  them  called  out '  you  are  a  brave 
fellow,  but  you  must  go  away  ? '  The  undaunted 
officer  paying  no  attention  to  the  warning,  one 
McGill,  afterwards  a  quartermaster,  was  ordered  to 
fire  at  him.  He  did  so  and  wounded  the  horse, 
but  the  rider  was  unscathed  and  soon  joined  his 
comrades  in  the  woods  a  little  way  off." 

This  brave  officer  was  Count  Pulaski,  who 
had  command  of  the  cavalry.  In  this  skir- 
mish several  of  Simcoe's  Rangers  were 
wounded  and  Sergeant  McPherson,  of  the 
Grenadiers,  was  killed.  A  cannonading  was 
kept  up  from  the  eminence  which  Simcoe  had 
occupied  upon  some  of  the  Americans,  who 
were  removing  the  plank  from  Cooper's 
Bridge,  but  it  proved  harmless.  So  persistent 
were  the  efforts  of  the  Americans  to  drive 
their  enemies  away  from  about  Coopers 
Ferry,   that  a  series  of  entrenchments  was 

1  About  the  crossing  of  the  Camden  and  Atlantic  and 
Camden  and  Amboy  Railroads,  formerly  Dogwoodtown. 


thrown  up,  extending  from  the  creek  west- 
erly toward  the  river,  and  the  timber  there- 
abouts was  so  cut  as  to  obstruct  the  move- 
ments of  troops  coming  from  the  interior. 
The  position  was  also  protected  by  the  can- 
non of  vessels  lying  in  the  river,  and  thus 
the  British  were  saved  from  the  abandon- 
ment of  the  place. 

While  Wayne  was  posted  in  Haddonfield 
some  of  his  men  made  a  reconnoissance  of  the 
British  at  Gloucester,  and  were  discovered  and 
pursued  by  a  superior  force.  A  running 
fight  ensued,  which  lasted  nearly  from 
Gloucester  Point  to  the  American  lines,  but 
the  British  suffered  much  the  greater  loss. 
The  most  prominent  man  in  this  action  on 
the  American  side  was  Colonel  Ellis,  of  the 
Gloucester  militia.  Soon  afterward  the 
whole  British  force  at  Gloucester  moved  on 
Wayne  at  Haddonfield  by  night,  but  found 
onl)'  his  empty  quarters. 

On  this  occasion  occurred  the  daring  ex- 
ploit of  Miles  Sage,  a  vidette  in  Ellis'  regi- 
ment, who,  with  a  comriade  named  Chew, 
as  stated  by  Judge  Clement : 

"  Detected  the  enemy's  movements  and  rode  in 
great  haste  to  inform  Colonel  Ellis.  Chew  taking 
a  shorter  route  and  swimming  his  horse  across 
Newton  Creek,  was  the  first  to  reach  Haddonfield, 
and  Ellis'  regiment  marched  out  just  as  the  British 
marched  in.  The  colonel  was  so  corpulent  that 
he  fell  behind  his  men,  and  but  for  the  darkness  of 
the  night  would  have  been  .taken  prisoner. 

"The  intelligence  brought  by  Chew  created 
great  consternation  in  the  town,  and  every  precau- 
tion was  taken  to  mislead  the  enemy  by  putting 
out  the  lights  in  the  dwellings  and  the  families 
retiring  to  bed.  A  colored  servant  in  the  family 
of  Mrs.  Abigail  Blackwood,  widow  of  Samuel 
Blackwood,  then  living  in  Tanner  Street, 
was  sent  with  the  children  to  their  room  and 
strictly  enjoined  to  extinguish  the  candle.  To 
gratify  her  curiosity,  however,  she  placed  it  on  the 
window  ledge,  which  attracted  the  attention  of  the 
soldiers,  who  at  once  surrounded  the  house.  John 
Blackwood,  a  son  of  the  widow,  then  a  lad,  was 
captured,  taken  into  the  street  and  made  to  tell 
what  he  knew  of  Colonel  Ellis  and  his  regiment. 
While  attempting,  by  the  light  of  a  few  torches 
and  surrounded  by  the    excited  soldiers,  to  show 


THE  WAR  OF  THE  REVOLUTION. 


57 


the  direction  of  the  retreating  troops,  Miles  Sage 
rode  up  and  asked  the  boy  very  much  the  same 
question  he  was  endeavoring  to  answer  the  others. 
His  reply  was  that  they  had  gone,  'some  one 
way  and  some  another.'  At  this  moment  Sage 
discovered  that  he  was  in  the  midst  of  British 
soldiers,  who  at  the  same  time  noticed  that  he 
was  an  American. 

"Sage  at  once  put  spurs  to  his  horse,  rode 
hastily  into  the  main  street  and  towards  the 
northerly  part  of  the  village.  He  was  fired  upon 
as  he  vanished  in  the  darkness,  but  escaped  until 
he  reached  the  upper  hotel,  where  his  horse  was 
wounded  and  he  fell  to  the  ground.  Before  Sage 
could  disengage  himself  from  the  saddle  he  was 
attacked  by  the  guard,  stabbed  in  various  places 
about  his  body,  and  left  for  dead  in  the  street.  By 
order  of  a  Scotch  officer  he  was  carried  into  a 
small  building  on  the  north  side  of  the  street  near 
the  present  Temperance  House,  where  he  was 
attended  by  a  surgeon  of  the  army." 

Ojq  examination  it  was  found  that  he  had 
thirteen  bayonet  wounds,  and  he  was  put  in 
the  care  of  some  women,  one  of  whom  became 
the  mother  of  Governor  Stratton.  Being 
besought  to  prepare  for  death,  he  exclaimed  : 
"  Why,  Martha,  I  mean  to  give  the  enemy 
thirteen  rounds  yet."  He  lived  to  tell  his 
grandchildren  of  his  perilous  adventure. 

Simeoe  had  a  narrow  escape  while  halted 
at  Haddonfield  with  his  battalion.  Says  the 
same  authority  above  given, — 

"  On  one  occasion,  while  resting  his  horse  near 
the  brow  of  the  hill,  opposite  the  present  residence 
of  William  Mann,  Major  Simeoe  heard  the  whist- 
ling of  a  rifle  ball  near  him  and  saw  two  persons 
on  the  opposite  hill.  He  ordered  Lieutenant 
Whitlock  to  take  a  few  drigoons  and  capture 
them.  These  persons  proved  to  be  John  Kain 
(brother  of  Joseph  Hinchman's  wife)  and  Benja- 
min Butler,  two  young  men  who  secured  the  loan 
of  a  rifle  of  Joseph  Collins  (then  living  on  the 
farm  now  owned  by  Logan  Paul)  for  the  purpose 
of  hunting.  They  had  proceeded  along  the  road 
as  far  as  where  Jacob  Dodd  now  lives,  from  which 
point  Simeoe  was  plainly  in  view,  and  could  not 
resist  the  temptation  of  shooting  at  a  British 
officer.  After  this  exploit  they  thought  best  to 
return  to  the  house,  when  Diana  Collins,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Joseph,  discovered  the  dragoons'  in  pursuit 
and  shouted  to  the  young  men  to  escape.  Kain 
turned  down  the  creek  into  the  swamp  and  evaded 


the  soldiers,  while  Butler  ran  up  the  hill  and 
secreted  himself  in  the  bushes,  and  but  for  his 
curiosity  in  watching  the  men  and  horses  as  they 
passed  would  also  have  escaped.  He,  however, 
left  his  hiding-place,  went  back  into  the  road,  was 
discovered,  and  after  a  hot  chase  captured.  He 
was  taken  to  Philadelphia,  thence  to  the  prison- 
ships  at  New  York,  and  kept  for  a  long  time.  Al- 
though not  the  guilty  one,  as  Kain  handled  the 
gun,  he  suffered  a  terrible  punishment,  from  the 
effects  of  which  his  health  was  never  fully  restored. 
He  did  not  return  for  about  three  years,  and  when 
he  visited  the  spot  where  he  had  secreted  himself, 
found  his  hat  that  had  been  lost  in  the  scuflle  at 
the  time." 

The  first  British  encampment  at  Coopers 
Point  was  made  by  General  Abercrombie, 
who  had  his  headquarters  in  the  house  that 
was  afterwards  bought  by  Joseph  W.  Cooper. 
The  quarters  of  the  Forty-third  Regiment, 
Colonel  Shaw,  and  several  Highland  and 
Hessian  regiments  were  at  the  old  Middle 
Ferry  House,  sometimes  called  English's. 
Mickle  says, — 

"  The  British  lines  reached  from  the  Point  down 
the  Delaware  nearly  to  Market  Street,  Camden, 
thence  up  to  the  site  of  the  present  academy  at  the 
corner  of  Sixth  and  Market  Streets,  and  thence 
about  northeast  across  to  Coopers  Creek.  The  re- 
mains of  their  redoubts  were  visible  until  a  few 
years  ago." 

The  same  authority  says, — 

In  March,  1778,  soon  after  the  retreat  of  Simeoe 
from  Haddonfield,  Pulaski,  with  a  considerable 
body  of  Continental  troopers,  came  close  under 
the  British  lines  to  reconnoitre.  The  enemy, 
anticipating  his  approach,  placed  an  ambush  upon 
both  sides  of  the  road  leading  from  the  bridge  to 
the  Middle  Ferry,  in  the  neighborhood  of  the 
present  Friends'  meeting-house,  under  the  com- 
mand of  Colonel  Shaw.  As  Pulaski  approached, 
a  good  way  in  advance  of  his  men,  a  stanch 
Whig,  William  West,  mounted  a  log  and  waved 
his  hat  as  a  signal  of  retreat.  Pulaski  took  the 
hint,  hastily  wheeled  his  men  and  saved  them 
from  slaughter.  About  the  same  time  a  hot  fight 
took  place  at  Coopers  Creek  Bridge,  where  the 
Englishmen  surprised  a  party  of  militia.  Several 
of  the  latter  were  killed  and  the  rest  captured. 
Most  of  the  Gloucester  fighting  men  enlisted  early 
in  the  war  and  were  marched  to  Fort  Washington, 
where  they  were  taken  and  confined  on  board  of 


58 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


the  British  prison-ship '  Jersey,'  through  the  horrors 
of  which  but  few  ever  lived  to  return  home.  Most 
of  the  minute-men,  therefore,  who  annoyed  the 
British  in  the  neighborhood  of  Philadelphia  were 
very  young.  They  fought  bravely  and  sold  their 
lives  whenever  they  were  overpowered  as  dearly 
as  possible. 

"  Among  the  American  Rangers  who  distin- 
guished themselves  in  forays  in  the  west  end  of 
Newton,  none  were  more  eminent  than  John  Stokes 
and  Kinsey,  or,  as  he  was  generally  called,  Taph 
Bennett.  Stokes  was  a  man  of  unconquerable 
energy,  and  some  of  his  feats  equal  anything  ever 
told  of  Jasper  or  MacDonald.  He  was  continually 
hanging  upon  the  lines  of  the  enemy,  and  was  in 
hourly  danger  of  his  life.  His  courage  and  activ- 
ity, however,  could  relieve  him  from  any  dilemma. 
He  lived  through  the  war  to  tell  of  his  hair- 
breadth escapes  at  many  a  social  party.  Taph  was 
a  kindred  spirit.  Like  Stokes,  he  had  pricked 
many  an  Englishman  who  dreamed  not  of  a  rebel 
being  within  ten  leagues ;  and  it  is  said  he  gen- 
erally cut  off  his  foeman's  thumb  to  prove  his 
prowess  to  his  comrades." 

Local  Incidents  of  the  Wae. — The 
Tories  and  Hessians  burned  the  houses  of 
many  staunch  patriots  in  old  Gloucester, 
among  them  the  mansion  of  the  Huggs,  near 
Timber  Creek  bridge,  and  that  of  the  Harri- 
sons, close  to  the  Point.  The  Hugg  family 
were  punished  in  this  fashion  for  having 
given  two  officers  and  several  privates  to  the 
patriot  armies.  The  women  were  as  cour- 
ageous as  the  men.  Mrs.  Hugg,  the  mother 
of  Colonel  Joseph  Hugg,  met  the  intruders 
who  were  foraging  in  her  poultry-yard.  "  Do 
you,"  she  stormed  at  them,  "  call  yourselves 
soldiers  and  come  thus  to  rob  undefended 
premises  ?  I  have  sons  who  are  in  Wash- 
ington's army.  They  are  gentlemen  and  not 
such  puppies  as  you."  Within  a  few  days 
her  house  and  out-buildings  were  burned  to 
the  ground. 

Most  of  the  houses  along  Coopers  Creek 
were  sacked  by  the  enemy,  unless  their  occu- 
pants were  Tories.  A  young  British  officer 
made  a  requisition  at  the  dwelling  of  the 
Champions  for  their  best  horse.  He  got  an 
unbroken  colt,  which  threw  him  into  a  pond, 
and  in  revenge  he  had  his  men  plunder  the 


house.  An  old  gentleman  named  Ellis  bur- 
ied his  specie  near  his  house  at  night  by  the 
light  of  a  lantern  to  save  it  from  the  maraud- 
ers. The  light  betrayed  him  to  the  spies 
lurking  about,  and  when  he  next  visited  the 
spot  his  treasure  was  gone. 

In  the  Haddonfield  budget  of  legend  and 
history  are  many  narratives  that  serve  to 
illustrate  the  Revolutionary  epoch.  A  Scotch 
regiment  which  was  encamped  about  the  cen- 
tre of  the  town  in  the  winter  of  1777-78 
made  many  friends  by  soldierly  conduct.  The 
boys  of  the  village  soon  ingratiated  them- 
selves into  the  good  graces  of  the  men  and 
exchanged  some  game  for  powder.  They 
were  subjects  of  much  curiosity  because  of 
wearing  the  full  Highland  uniform. 

Robert  Blaekwell,  D.D.,  an  Episcopal 
clergyman,  who  became  a  chaplain  in  the 
American  army  at  the  opening  of  the  strug- 
gle and  remained  until  the  end,  was  a  resi- 
dent of  Haddoniield  ;  his  house  stood  on 
the  east  side  of  Main  Street  and  opposite 
Tanner  Street. 

Mrs.  Annie  Howell,  the  daughter  of  Mrs. 
Abigail  Blackwood  and  widow  of  Colonel 
Joshua  L.  Howell,  of  Fancy  Hill,  Gloucester 
County,  was  a  child  in  Haddoniield  during 
the  war  and  retained  vivid  recollections  of 
Lafayette  and  Pulaski.  The  former  took 
frequent  notice  of  her,  and  she  never  forgot 
him  as  an  affable,  courtly  French  gentleman. 
The  jewelry  he  wore  was  her  special  admira- 
tion, and  when  in  her  old  age  she  spoke  of 
him  she  never  omitted  to  mention  this  fea- 
ture of  his  dress.  She  would  describe  Pu- 
laski in  his  dragoon  uniform,  wearing  a 
tightly-fitting  green  jacket  and  buckskin 
breeches,  mounted  on  a  superb  charger  and 
displaying  his  wonderful  horsemanship  to 
the  admiring  soldiers. 

Evacuation  or  Philadelphia  and 
Retreat  of  the  British. — All  the  sur- 
rounding country  was  overrun  in  June,  1778, 
when  the  British  evacuated  Philadelphia, 
crossed    the    Delaware    at    Gloucester  and 


THE  WAR  OF  THE  REVOLUTION. 


59 


marched  to  New  York.  They  were  four 
days  and  nights  passing  through  Haddon- 
field,  by  reason  of  the  munitions  of  war  and 
plunder  with  which  they  were  loaded  down. 
Their  wagon-trains  seemed  to  stretch  out  in- 
terminably. Bakeries,  laundries,  hospitals 
and  smith-shops  were  on  wheels,  as  well  as 
boats,  bridges,  magazines  and  medicine-chests. 
With  occasional  field  work,  the  troops  had 
lounged  the  winter  through  in  Philadelphia ; 
they  had  stolen  everything  they  could  carry 
on  leaving  there  and  along  the  line  of  march, 
and  were  consequently  weighted  with  lug- 
gage. Judge  Clement  has  preserved  the  me- 
mories of  the  sufferings  of  the  New  Jersey 
people  caused  by  them.  They  brought  with 
them  a  host  of  camp  followers,  debased  wo- 
men, who  would  enter  private  houses,  carry  off 
such  things  as  they  might  select,  and  if  inter- 
fered with,  would  insult  the  owners  by 
wicked  conduct  and  obscene  language.  They 
were  outside  of  military  control,  and  the  offi- 
cers would  not  interfere  with  them.  To  save 
what  they  might,  the  residents  drove  their 
cattle  to  secret  places,  buried  valuables  and 
household  adornments  in  the  ground  and  hid 
their  provisions.  The  lax  discipline  of  the 
British,  however,  was  an  eventual  advantage 
to  the  Americans,  for  it  contributed  to  the 
victory  which  Washington  gained  over  them 
at  Monmouth  on  June  28th. 

^'he  Haddonfield  farmers  formed  a  league 
for  the  protection  of  their  horses  and  cattle. 
In  a  low,  swampy  piece  of  timber  land,  about 
two  miles  east  of  the  village,  and  familiarly 
known  as  "  Charleston,"  now  part  of  the 
farm  of  George  C.  Kay,  Esq.,  several  acres 
were  surrounded  with  a  strong,  high  fence, 
and  there  the  stock  was  secluded  whenever 
in  danger.  Once  the  league's  secret  was  be- 
trayed by  Jacob  Wine,  a  man  in  their  em- 
ploy, and  the  British  seized  every  animal 
within  the  stockade,  but  in  being  removed 
the  horses  were  stampeded  and  fled  into  the 
forests  near  Ellisburg,  whence  the  owners 
subsequently  rescued  them. 


Some  of  Old  Gloucester  County's 
Heroes.  —  The  most  prominent  military 
characters  of  the  county  of  Gloucester  at  the 
commencement  of  the  War  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, were  Colonels  Joseph  Ellis,  Josiah 
Hillman,  Joseph  Hugg  and  Robert  Brown, 
Major  William  Ellis,  Captains  Samuel  Hugg, 
John  Stokes  and  John  Davis. 

Colonel  Ellis  had 'commanded  a  company 
in  Canada  in  the  French  and  Indian  War, 
but  on  the  opening  of  the  issue  between  the 
mother-country  and  the  colonies  he  resigned 
the  commission  he  held  of  the  King  and  was 
made  a  colonel  in  the  Gloucester  militia. 
He  was  in  the  battle  of  Monmouth  and  sev- 
eral other  engi^gements,  in  all  of  which  he 
fought  bravely. 

Colonel  Hillman  was  esteemed  a  good  offi- 
cer and  saw  much  hard  service. 

Colonel  Hugg  was  appointed  commissary 
of  purchase  for  West  Jersey  at  an  early 
stage  of  the  war,  and  in  that  capacity  did 
much  for  the  cause.  He  was  in  the  battles 
of  Germantown,  Shorthills  and  Monmouth ; 
and  when  the  British  crossed  from  Philadel- 
phia to  New  York  he  was  detailed  to  drive 
away  the  stock  along  their  line  of  march,  in 
performing  which  duty  he  had  many  narrow 
escapes  from  the  enemy's  light  horse. 

Colonel  Brown  lived  at  Swedesboro',  and 
his  regiment  was  chiefly  employed  in  pre- 
venting the  enemy  from  landing  from  their 
ships  and  restraining  the  excursions  of  the 
refugees  from  Billingsport. 

Major  Ellis  was  taken  prisoner  early  in 
the  war,  and  kept  for  a  long  time  upon  Long 
Island. 

Captain  Samuel  Hugg  and  Frederick  Fre- 
linghuysen  were  appointed  by  an  act  of  the 
Legislature  to  command  the  first  two  com- 
panies of  artillery  raised  in  New  Jersey — 
Captain  Hugg  in  the  Western  and  Captain 
Frelinghuysen  in  the  Eastern  Division.  The 
former  soon  raised  his  company,  and  in  it 
were  a  number  of  young  men  of  fortune  and 
the  first  families  in  the  State,  the  Westcoats, 


60 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Elmers,  Seeleys  and  others,  men  who  after- 
wards occupied  distinguished  posts  in  the 
local  and  national  governments.  This  com- 
pany was  at  the  battles  of  Trenton  and 
Princeton.  When  the  "  Eoebuck,"  (44)  was 
engaged  in  protecting  the  operations  against 
the  chevaux-de-frise  at  Billingsport,  Captain 
Hugg's  artillerists  threw  up  a  small  breast- 
work on  the  Jersey  shore  and  fought  here 
during  a  whole  day  ;  but  unfortunately  their 
first  sergeant,  William  Ellis,  was  killed  by 
a  cannon-ball,  which  took  off  both  his  legs 
above  the  knees.  This  Ellis  was  an  English- 
man and  had  been  for  several  years  a  recruit- 
ing officer  for  the  British  service  in  Phila- 
delphia. He  joined  the  American  cause 
early — like  his  namesake,  was  a  very  brave 
man — and  died  much  regretted  by  his  com- 
panious-in-arms. 

Captain  Stokes  commanded  a  company  of 
mere  boys,  made  up  from  some  of  the  best 
families  in  Gloucester  County.  These  fellows 
were  at  the  battle  of  Monmouth,  but  Colonel 
Hillman  sent  them  to  the  rear  to  guard  the 
baggage.  Stokes  was  often  heard  to  say 
afterward  that  he  "  never  saw  so  mad  a  set 
of  youngsters "  as  these  were  on  being  as- 
signed to  so  safe  a  post.  They  cried  with 
rage  at  being  stationed  there  after  having 
marched  so  far  to  see  what  fighting  was. 

Among  those  who  enlisted  in  the  service 
from  the  Haddonfield  region  were  John 
Stafford,  James  B.  Cooper  and  John  Mapes. 
Because  of  Stafford's  stalwart  figure  and 
erect  military  bearing,  he  was  selected  as  one 
of  Washington's  body-guard,  but  at  the 
battle  of  Germantown  was  so  badly  wounded 
by  a  shot  in  the  thigh  that  he  was  retired 
from  active  service.  Cooper  and  Mapes 
fought  in  Harry  Lee's  Light  Dragoons,  and, 
after  the  war,  the  former  commanded  several 
merchant-ships  sailing  out  of  Philadelphia. 
When  hostilities  with  Great  Britain  began, 
in  ]812,  he  accepted  a  commission  in  the 
United  States  navy,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of 
post-captain.      "Mapes,"    we    are    told    by 


Judge  Clement,  "  settled  a  few  miles  from 
the  place  and  took  much  pleasure  in  con- 
versing about  the  '  Old  War,'  as  he  called  it. 
He  was  a  genial,  pleasant  man ;  wore  a 
broad-brimmed  hat,  with  his  long  clay  pipe 
twisted  in  the  band,  never  passing  an  oppor- 
tunity for  using  it.  His  familiar  salutation 
of '  My  darling  fellow,'  whenever  he  met  a 
friend,  is  still  remembered  by  the  people, 
whether  it  was  at  a  public  gathering  or  by 
his  own  fireside.  Not  having  much  of  this 
world's  goods,  and  living  to  a  ripe  old  age, 
the  pension  allotted  him  by  Congress  was 
the  means  of  making  him  comfortable  in  his 
latter  days." 

Captain  James  B.  Cooper  was  the  only 
child  of  Benjamin  and  Elizabeth  (Hopwell) 
Cooper,  and  was  born  at  Coopers  Point,  Cam- 
den. Although  of  Quaker  ancestors  and  edu- 
cated in  the  faith  and  belief  of  that  Society,  yet 
in  his  youth  being  frequently  the  observant 
of  military  excitement,  he  early  in  life 
coveted  the  desire  to  become  a  soldier. 
The  home  of  his  parents  was  for  a  time  the 
rendezvous  of  either  American  or  British 
troops,  and  as  a  boy  he  became  familiar  with 
many  stirring  events  of  that  period.  His 
father's  commands  nor  his  mother's  persua- 
sions and  tender  solicitude,  would  not  deter 
him  from  joining  the  partisan  corps  of  Colonel 
Henry  Lee,  of  the  American  Army  and  al- 
though under  age,  he  managed  to  get  the  consent 
of  the  commander  to  follow  his  fortunes  during 
the  stormy  times  of  that  eventful  war.  With 
others  of  the  neighborhood  about,  he  was 
mounted  and  soon  became  expert  in  the  diffi- 
cult drill  of  a  cavalryman  and  a  favorite 
with  his  companions.  He  saw  much  active 
service,  was  at  the  capture  of  Stony  Point 
and  Paulus  Hook,  in  New  York,  was  at  the 
battle  of  Guilford  Court-House  and  Eutaw 
Springs,  in  South  Carolina,  assisted  in  the 
storming  of  Forts  Watson,  Mott  and  Granby, 
in  the  last-named  State,  and  was  present  at 
the  engagements  before  Galpin  and  Augusta, 
in  Georgia.     He  was  selected  by  Colonel  Lee 


THE  WAE  OF  THE  REVOLUTION. 


61 


as  the  bearer  of  dispatches  to  the  commander- 
in-chief,  and  was  entrusted  with  a  flag  of 
truce  to  the  British  military  authorities,  which, 
under  the  circumstances,  was  a  delicate  and 
important  duty.  Many  incidents  of  that 
event,  as  related  by  himself,  and  to  which  he 
was  an  eye-witness,  are  now  forgotten.  He 
lived  long  enough,  however,  after  the  war  to 
see  his  country  prosperous  and  her  institu- 
tions command  the  respect  of  the  nations  of 
the  world. 

After  the  close  of  the  war  he  adopted  a 
sea-faring  life,  and  soon  rose  to  the  command 
of  some  of  the  best  ships  that  sailed  out  of 
Philadelphia.  Upon  the  opening  of  the  War 
of  1812,  he  accepted  the  position  of  sailing- 
master  in  the  navy,  but  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  lieutenant  for  valuable  services.  At 
one  time  he  had  charge  of  the  gun-boats  on 
the  New  Jersey  coast,  placed  there  to  prevent 
the  depredations  of  the  English  cruisers.  This 
was  a  dangerous  position,  for  his  vessels, 
although  good  sailors,  were  deficient  in 
the  weight  of  their  guns.  He  had  a  wary 
and  bold  enemy  to  contend  with,  which 
required  all  his  ingenuity  to  avoid,  yet  keep 
watch  of  their  movements  so  as  to  inform 
his  superiors  in  command  of  a  larger  craft. 

He  saw  some  service  after  this  war,  and  in 
1834  took  charge  of  the  Naval  Asylum  at 
Philadelphia,  where  he  remained  several 
years.  After  that  duty  he  returned  to  Had- 
donfield,  and  there  lived  in  the  enjoyment  of 
a  ripe  old  age,  surrounded  by  his  family  and 
many  friends.  During  this  time  he  was 
advanced  to  the  rank  of  post-captain  as  a 
compliment  for  his  service  through  two  wars 
of  the  nation.  He  died  February  5,  1854, 
in  the  ninety-third  year  of  his  age,  and  his 
remains  lie  in  the  Friends'  grave-yard  at 
Haddonfield,  without  any  monument  to  show 
his  last  resting-place. 

Chews  Landing,  at  the  head  of  naviga- 
tion on  Timber  Creek,  got  its  name  from  the 
family  of  a  steadfast  patriot,  Aaron  Chew, 
who,   while   enjoying  a  furlough  from  the 


army,  was  chased  into  the  old  tavern  on  the 
hill  by  British  cavalry.  They  fired  several 
volleys  into  the  building,  where  the  bullet- 
holes  may  yet  be  seen,  and  Chew  was  made 
prisoner  as  he  fled.  Confined  in  a  prison- 
ship  in  New  York,  he  was  one  of  the  many 
Gloucester  men  who  endured  extreme  torture 
in  those  filthy,  dark  and  crowded  hulks. 

Attempt  to  Steal  the  Records  of 
Continental  Congress. — James  Moody's 
attempt  to  steal  the  records  of  the  Continen- 
tal Congress  is  an  episode  of  the  war  which 
culminated  at  Camden.  He  was  a  Tory 
and  a  lieutenant  in  Skinner's  brigade  of  the 
British  army,  and  had  made  himself  famous 
for  his  daring  and  his  intense  hatred  of  the 
patriots  long  before  he  undertook  the  adven- 
ture which  proved  so  signal  a  failure.  One  Ad- 
dison, an  Englishman  by  birth,  but  who 
had  become  a  thorough  American  in  feeling, 
was  employed,  in  a  clerical  capacity,  by 
Charles  Thomson,  secretary  of  the  Conti- 
nental Congress.  Having  been  captured  by 
the  British  and  imprisoned  in  New  York, 
he  proposed  to  Major  Beckwith,  aide-de- 
camp  to  the  Hessian  general  Knyphausen, 
that  if  he  was  released  or  exchanged,  he 
would  steal  the  secret  documents  of  Congress 
and  place  them  in  the  custody  of  the  agent 
whom  Knyphausen  might  designate.  Beck- 
with fell  into  the  trap  set  by  the  cunning 
Englishman,  and  enlisted  Moody,  who  had 
OQ  several  occasions  captured  the  dispatches 
of  Washington  and  other  American  com- 
manders, and  was  entirely  familiar  with  the 
country.  Moody  was  equally  hoodwinked, 
and  leagued  with  himself  his  brother  and  an- 
other Tory  named  Marr.  Addison  was  set 
free  and  left  New  York  for  Philadelphia. 
Moody  and  his  aids  followed  him,  and,  on 
November  7, 1781,  they  met  Moody  on  the 
Camden  side  of  the  Delaware.  What  fol- 
lowed is  told  by  the  Tory  himself  in  a  little 
pamphlet  which  he  wrote.  When  old  and 
poor  he  sought  refuge  in  England  and  be- 
sought the  British  government  for  assistance  : 


62 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


"  Lieutenant  Moody  kept  a  little  back,  at  such  a 
distance  as  not  to  have  his  person  distinguished, 
yet  so  as  to  be  within  hearing  of  the  conversation 
that  passed.  His  brother  and  Marr,  on  going  up 
to  Addison,  found  him  apparently  full  of  confi- 
dence and  in  high  spirits,  and  everything  seemed 
to  promise  success.  He  told  them  that  their  plot 
was  perfectly  ripe  for  execution,  that  he  had  se- 
cured the  means  of  admission  into  the  most  pri- 
vate recesses  of  the  State-House,  so  that  he  should 
be  able  the  next  evening  to  deliver  to  them  the 
papers  they  were  in  quest  of.  .  .  .  Soon  after 
they  crossed  the  river  to  Philadelphia,  and  it  is 
probable  that  on  the  passage  Addison  was  for  the 
first  time  informed  that  their  friend  was  Lieutenant 
Moody.  Whether  it  was  this  discovery  that  put 
it  first  into  his  head,  or  whether  he  had  all  along 
intended  it  and  had  already  taken  the  necessary 
previous  steps,  the  lieutenant  cannot  certainly  say, 
but  he  assures  himself  that  every  generous-minded 
man  will  be  shocked  when  he  reads  that  this  per- 
fidious wretch  had  either  sold  or  was  about  to  sell 
them  to  the  Congress. 

"  As  the  precise  time  in  which  they  should  be 
able  to  execute  their  plan  could  not  be  ascertained, 
it  was  agreed  that  Lieutenant  Moody  should  re- 
main at  the  ferry-house  opposite  to  Philadelphia 
till  they  returned.  On  going  into  the  house,  he 
told  the  mistress  of  it  by  a  convenient  equivoca- 
tion that  he  was  an  ofiicer  of  the  Jersey  brigade, 
as  he  really  was,  though  of  that  Jersey  brigade 
which  was  in  the  King's  service.  The  woman  un- 
derstood him  as  speaking  of  a  rebel  corps,  which 
was  also  called  the  Jersey  brigade.  To  avoid 
notice,  he  pretended  to  be  indisposed,  and  going 
up-stairs,  he  threw  himself  upon  a  bed  and  here 
continued  to  keep  his  room,  but  always  awake  and 
always  on  the  watch.  Next  morning  about  eleven 
o'clock  he  saw  a  man  walk  hastily  up  to  the  house 
and  overheard  him  telling  some  person  at  the 
door  that  '  there  was  the  devil  to  pay  in  Philadel- 
phia, that  there  had  been  a  plot  to  break  into  the 
State-House,  but  that  one  of  the  party  had  be- 
trayed the  others,  that  two  were  already  taken,  and 
that  a  party  of  soldiers  had  just  crossed  the  river 
with  him  to  seize  their  leader,  who  was  said  to  be 
hereabouts.'  The  lieutenant  felt  himself  to  be 
too  nearly  interested  in  this  intelligence  any  longer 
to  keep  up  the  appearance  of  a  sick  man,  and  seiz- 
ing his  pistols,  he  instantly  ran  down-stairs  and 
made  his  escape. 


"  He  had  not  got  a  hundred  yards  from  the 
house  when  he  saw  the  soldiers  enter  it.  A  small 
piece  of  woods  lay  before  him,  in  which  he  hoped, 
at  least,  to  be  out  of  sight,  and  he  had  sprung  the 
fence  in  order  to  enter  it.  But  it  was  already 
lined  by  a  party  of  horse  with  a  view  of  cutting 
ofi"  his  retreat.  Thus  surrounded,  all  hopes  of  flight 
were  in  vain,  and  to  seek  for  a  hiding-place  in  a 
clear,  open  field  seemed  equally  useless.  With 
hardly  a  hope  of  escaping  so  much  as  a  moment 
longer  undiscovered,  he  threw  himself  flat  on  his 
face  in  a  ditch,  which  yet  seemed  of  all  places  the 
least  calculated  for  concealment,  for  it  was  without 
weeds  or  shrubs  and  so  shallow  that  a  quail  might 
be  seen  in  it ;  .  . .  yet,  as  Providence  ordered  it,  the 
improbability  of  the  place  proved  the  means  of 
his  security.  He  had  lain  there  but  a  few  minutes, 
when  six  of  his  pursuers  passed  within  ten  feet  of 
him  and  very  diligently  examined  a  thickety  part 
of  the  ditch  that  was  but  a  few  paces  from  him. 
With  his  pistols  cocked,  he  kept  his  eye  constantly 
upon  them,  determining  that  as  soon  as  he  saw 
himself  to  be  discovered  by  any  of  them,  he  would 
instantly  spring  up  and  sell  his  life  as  dearly  as 
might  be,  and,  refusing  to  be  taken  alive,  provoke, 
and  if  possible,  force  them  to  kill  him.  Once  or 
twice  he  thought  he  saw  one  of  the  soldiers  look 
at  him,  and  he  was  on  the  point  of  shooting  the 
man.  .  .  From  the  ditch  they  went  all  around  the  ad- 
jacent field,  and,  as  Lieutenant  Moody  sometimes  a 
little  raised  up  his  head,  he  saw  them  frequently 
running  their  bayonets  into  some  tall  stacks  of 
Indian  corn  fodder.  This  suggested  to  him  an 
idea  that  if  he  could  escape  till  night,  a  place  they 
had  already  explored  would  be  the  securest  place 
for  him.  When  night  came  he  got  into  one  of 
those  stacks.  The  wind  was  high,  which  prevented 
the  rustling  of  the  leaves  of  the  fodder  as  he  en- 
tered from  being  heard  by  the  people  who  \yere 
passing  close  by  him  into  the  country  in  quest  of 
him.  His  position  in  this  retreat  was  very  uncom- 
fortable, for  he  could  neither  sit  nor  lie  down.  In 
this  erect  posture,  however,  he  remained  two 
nights  and  two  days  without  a  morsel  of  food,  for 
there  was  no  corn  on  the  stalks,  and,  which  was  in- 
finitely more  intolerable,  without  drink.  We  must 
not  relate,  for  reasons  which  may  be  easily  imag- 
ined, what  became  of  him  immediately  after  his 
coming  out  of  this  uneasy  prison,  but  we  will  ven- 
ture to  inform  the  readers  that  on  the  fifth  night 
after    his  elopement    from    the    ferry-house    he 


THE  WAR  OF  THE  REVOLUTION. 


63 


searched  the  banks  of  the  Delaware  until  he  had 
the  good  fortune  to  meet  with  a  small  boat.  Into 
this  he  jumped  and  rowed  a  considerable  way  up 
the  river.  In  due  time  he  left  his  boat,  and,  re- 
lying on  the  aid  of  Loyalists,  after  many  circui- 
tous marches,  all  in  the  night,  and  through  path- 
less courses,  in  about  five  days  he  once  more  ar- 
rived at  New  York." 

Local  Patriotism. — The  leading  fami- 
lies in  the  Gloucester  neighborhood  are  de- 
scribed by  Judge  Clement  as  being  strongly 
imbued  with  the  spirit  of  liberty,  and  no  op- 
portunity was  passed  for  giving  information 
that  would  assist  the  Continental  cause. 

"  To  insure  protection  the  enemy's  pickets  were 
kept  on  and  along  the  King's  road,  which  crossed 
Little  Timber  Creek  at  the  Two  Tuns  tav- 
ern, kept  by  an  old  lady  known  as  Aunty  High 
Cap.  The  road  extending  southerly,  passed  close 
in  front  of  the  Browning  homestead  and  over  Big 
Timber  Creek,  where  the  old  bridge  formerly  stood. 
Going  southerly  from  the  old  tavern,  it  went  near 
the  former  residence  of  Jonathan  Atkinson  and 
through  Mount  Ephraim  toward  Haddonfield.  The 
section  of  country  lying  between  this  old  road  and 
the  river  was  the  scene  of  many  encounters,  num- 
berless reconnoissances  and  much  strategy,  and 
traditions  are  still  remembered  touching  their  pur- 
pose and  success,  while  others  are  lost  sight  of  and 
forgotten.  All  these  grew  out  of  the  increasing 
vigilance  of  the  people  toward  their  common  en- 
emy. Aunty  High  Cap's  was  the  hostelry  where 
the  British  officers  most  did  congregate,  where 
military  rank  and  discipline  were  laid  aside,  and 
where  the  feast  of  reason  and  flow  of  soul  was  most 
enjoyed." 

At  one  of  these  revels  an  officer  was  killed 
by  a  rifle-shot  fired  by  a  man  standing  on  the 
porch  of  the  Atkinson  residence,  at  least  a 
mile  distant,  and  many  of  the  English  believed 
that  it  was  not  accidental,  but  rather  an  un- 
welcome evidence  of  the  expertness  of  New 
Jersey  marksmen. 

The  ocean  side  of  Old  Gloucester,  that 
which  is  now  comprised  in  Atlantic  County, 
was  the  locality  of  some  memorable  Revolu- 
tionary incidents.    Smugglers,  whose  object  it 


was  to  run  goods,  especially  groceries  and 
liquors,  through  the  British  lines  and  into 
Philadelphia,  abounded  along  the  coast,  and 
undertook  many  intrepid  operations.  In 
light-draft  vessels  they  stole  up  Mullica 
River  to  the  forks  of  Egg  Harbor,  where  the 
contraband  stuff  was  placed  upon  wagons  and 
hauled  across  the  country,  passing  through 
Haddonfield  on  the  way  to  a  profitable  mar- 
ket in  the  city.  Almost  every  swamp  along 
the  route  had  its  secret  places  of  deposit,  and 
the  loyalty  of  the  people  to  the  American 
cause  had  much  to  do  with  making  this  kind 
of  trade  successful. 

Egg  Harbor  was  a  station  on  the  route  of 
the  refugees  who  were  passing  north  and 
south  during  the  war  or  following  the  move- 
ments of  the  British  forces,  with  whom  alone 
they  were  safe  from  their  indignant  country- 
men. They  had  innumerable  encounters  with 
the  hardy  sailors  and  fishermen  along  the 
shore,  who  were  zealous  Americans  and  ever 
ready  to  display  their  abomination  of  the  ad- 
herents of  royalty.  The  New  Jersey  State 
Gazette,  which  was  published  at  Trenton, 
contains  in  its  files  the  following  record  of 
events  of  that  period  on  the  Gloucester  sea- 
front  : 

"  March  31, 1779. — In  the  late  snow-storm  the 
transport  ship  'Mermaid,'  of  Whitehaven,  England, 
with  troops  from  Halifax  bound  to  New  York,  was 
driven  on  shore  and  bilged  at  Egg  Harbor.  After 
being  in  this  miserable  situation  from  five  o'clock 
on  Monday  morning  until  noon  on  Tuesday,  a  boat 
came  off  to  their  relief  and  saved  only  forty-two 
souls  out  of  one  hundred  and  eighty-seven." 

"  August  25,  1779.— By  a  sailor  from  Egg  Har- 
bor we  are  informed  that  on  Wednesday  last  the 
schooner  '  Mars,'  Captain  Taylor,  fell  in  with  a  ves- 
sel mounting  fourteen  guns,  which  he  boarded  and 
took.  She  proved  to  be  a  British  packet  from 
Falmouth,  England,  to  New  York,  Captain  Tay- 
lor took  the  mail  and  prisoners,  forty-five  in  num- 
ber; but  on  Saturday  last  fell  in  with  a  fleet  of 
twenty-three  sail,  under  convoy  of  a  large  ship  and 
frigate,  when  the  latter  gave  chase  to  the  frigate 


64 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


and  retook  her.  Captain  Taylor  got  safe  into  Egg 
Harbor." 

"September  11, 1782. — Last  week  Captain  Doug- 
lass, with  some  of  the  militia  of  Gloucester  Coun- 
ty, attacked  a  refugee  boat  at  Egg  Harbor,  with 
eighteen  refugees  on  board,  of  whom  fourteen  were 
shot  or  drowned  ;  the  rest  made  their  escape." 

"  December  18,  1782. — Captain  Jackson,  of  the 
'  Greyhound,'  on  the  evening  of  Sunday,  last  week, 
with  much  address  within  the  Hook  the  schooner 
'  Dolphin  '  and  sloop  '  Diamond,'  bound  from  New 
York  to  Halifax,  and  brought  them  both  into  Egg 
Harbor.  These  vessels  were  both  condemned  to 
the  claimants,  and  the  amount  of  sales  amounted 
to  £10,500." 

Thus  privateering,  fighting,  smuggling  and 
saving  the  lives  of  the  shipwrecked  enemy 
combined  to  furnish  exciting  employment 
and  perilous  adventure  to  the  dwellers  by  the 
seaboard.  In  1781-82  they  were  pestered 
with  parties  of  Cornwallis'  troops,  who  had 
escaped  from  the  Virginia  cantonment  in 
which  they  were  confined  after  his  surrender 
at  Yorktown,  and  were  making  their  way  to 
New  York.  Captain  John  Davis  was  posted 
with  a  company  at  Egg  Harbor  to  look  out 
for  the  fugitives,  and  got  wind  of  a  party  of 
twenty-one,  who  were  concealed  in  the  woods 
and  waiting  for  a  vessel  to  take  them  oS. 
He  ambushed  nineteen  men  near  where  they 
were  to  embark,  and  when  they  appeared  on 
the  shore,  he  killed  or  recaptured  every  one 
of  them  after  a  hand-to-hand  fight. 

Mickle  obtained  from  some  of  the  survi- 
vors of  the  war  another  incident  of  Davis' 
expedition,  which  he  thus  relates, — 

"On  one  occasion  his  (Davis')  lieutenant,  Ben- 
jamin Bates,  with  Richard  Powell,  a  private,  called 
at  a  house  where  Davis  had  been  informed  that 
two  refugee  officers  were  lodging.  Bates  got  to 
the  house  before  any  of  the  family  had  risen,  ex- 
cept two  girls,  who  were  making  a  fire  in  the 
kitchen.  He  inquired  if  there  were  any  persons 
in  the  house  beside  the  family,  and  was  answered, 
'  None  except  two  men  from  up  in  the  country.' 
He  bade  the  girls  show  him  where  they  were,  which 
they  did.  In  passing  through  a  room  separating 
the  kitchen  from  the  bed-room,  he  saw  two  pistols 


lying  on  a  table.  Knocking  at  the  door,  he  was 
refused  admittance,  but  finding  him  determined  to 
enter,  the  two  refugees  finally  let  him  in.  They 
refused  to  tell  their  names,  but  were  afterwards 
found  to  be  William  Giberson  and  Henry  Lane, 
refugee  lieutenants,  the  former  a  notorious  rascal 
who  had  committed  many  outrages  and  killed  one 
or  two  Americans  in  cold  blood.  On  their  way  to 
the  quarters  of  Davis'  company,  Giberson  called 
Bates'  attention  to  something  he  pretended  to  see 
at  a  distance,  and  while  Bates  was  looking  in  that 
direction  Giberson  started  in  another,  and,  being 
a  very  fast  runner,  although  Bates  fired  his  musket 
at  him,  he  managed  to  escape. 

"  Davis,  on  being  informed  of  what  had  hap- 
pened, told  Bates  to  try  again  the  next  night. 
Accordingly  the  next  night  he  went  to  the  same 
house.  While  in  the  act  of  opening  the  door  he 
heard  the  click  of  a  musket-cock  behind  a  large 
tree  within  a  few  feet  of  him.  He  dropped  on  his 
knees,  and  the  ball  cut  the  rim  of  his  hat.  Giber- 
son started  to  run,  but  before  he  had  got  many 
rods  Bates  gave  him  a  load  of  buck-shot,  which 
broke  his  leg.  He  was  well  guarded  until  he  could 
be  removed,  with  Lane,  to  Burlington  gaol,  from 
which,  however,  he  soon  made  his  escape  and  went 
to  New  York." 

The  same  writer,  who  is  borne  out  by  the 
Historical  Collections  in  this  matter,  states 
that  Elijah  Clark  and  Richard  Westcott 
built,  at  their  own  expense,  a  small  fort  at 
the  Fox  Burrows,  on  Chestnut  Neck,  "near 
the  port  of  Little  Egg  Harbor,"  and  bought 
for  it  a  number  of  cannon  for  the  defense  of 
the  port.  While  the  Revolutionary  Legisla- 
ture was  in  session  at  Haddonfield,  in  Sep- 
tember, 1777,  the  two  branches  passed  a 
resolution  for  paying  Clark  and  Westcott 
four  hundred  and  thirty  pounds  for  this 
fort,  which  at  one  time  was  defended  by 
fifteen  hundred  of  the  shore  men,  who  evac- 
uated it  upon  the  enemy  ascending  the  river 
in  great  force  in  barges. 

After  the  retreat  of  the  British  to  New 
York,  as  a  result  of  the  battle  of  Monmouth, 
Gloucester  County  was  free  from  the  pres- 
ence of  the  enemy  during  the  remainder  of 
the  war,  except  as  it  was  traversed  by  the 


THE  WAR  OF  THE  REVOLUTION. 


65 


refugees  and  escaping  prisoners  first  spoken 
of.  Her  ardent  patriots  welcomed  with 
extreme  joy  the  alliance  concluded  with 
France  on  February  6,  1778,  which  stimu- 
lated recruiting  for  the  depleted  ranks  of  the 
regiments  of  the  Line.  They  maintained  un- 
broken their  good  reputation  exceptwhen,  in 
the  middle  of  January,  178 1,  a  portion  of  the 
brigade,  then  stationed  at  Pompton,  revolted 
and  marched  to  Chatham,  in  Middlesex 
County.  They  were  suffering  from  the 
extremity  of  want.  They  had  enlisted  for 
the  term  of  three  years  or  during  the  war. 
The  officers  contended  that  the  meaning  oi' 
the  argument  was  that  they  should  serve 
until  the  war  closed  ;  the  men  claimed  that 
they  could  not  be  held  after  the  three  years 
had  elapsed.  Washington  immediately  dis- 
patched General  Robert  Howe  with  five 
hundred  regulars  to  march  against  the 
mutineers  and  subdue  them  by  force.  They 
were  taken  by  surprise  and  yielded  at  once. 
Twelve  of  the  principal  offenders  were  com- 
pelled to  select  two  of  the  ringleaders,  wha 
were  promptly  executed  and  order  was  com- 
pletely restored. 

The  Council  of  Safety  at  Haddox- 
FiELD. — Messr-s.  Barber  and  Howe,  in  pre- 
paring the  New  Jersey  "  Historical  Collec- 
tions "  in  1 843,  vouched  for  the  truth  of  the 
allegation    that    the    Continental    Congress 
"  sat  for  several  weeks  in  Haddonfield  dur- 
ing the  war,  in  the  house  built  by  Matthias 
Aspden,  and  boarded  about  among  the  in- 
habitants."    This   is  one  of  the  legends  of 
the  town,  and  these  authors  seem  to   have 
accepted  it  without  seeking  for  verification. 
Mickle,  two  years  later,  was  more  careful, 
and,  as  a  result  of  his  inquiry,  intimates  that 
Barber  and  Howe  confounded  the  Provincial 
Congress  of  New  Jersey  with  the  Continen- 
tal Congress.     The  minutes  of  the  latter  do 
not   show   any   session  at   Haddonfield,  al- 
though some  State  papers  of  1778  are  dated 
at  the  town.     Captain  James  B.  Cooper,  a 
contemporary  witness,  who  was  not  likely  to 
9 


be  ignorant  of  any  incident  of  the  Revolu* 
tion  occurring  in  that  neighborhood,  Was 
exceedingly  skeptical  regarding  the  assertion 
so  confidently  made  by  the  writers  of  the 
"  Collections,"  but  had  a  perfect  recollection 
of  the  brief  session  of  the  Provincial  Congress 
at  Haddonfield. 

A  body,  however,  which  did  sit  at  Had- 
donfield,  and  there   performed   some  of  its 
functions  of  the  first  importance  in  strength- 
ening the  hands  of  the  patriot  government  in 
New  Jersey,  was  the    Council  of  Safety  of 
1777.     It  met  in  the  old  tavern-house  now 
occupied  by  George  W.  Stillwell,  as  a  tem- 
perance hotel,  convening  for  its  first  session 
on   March  18th.     The  members,  who  were 
appointed    by   the    Legislature,    were   John 
Cleves    Symmes,    William    Patterson,    Na- 
thaniel   Scudder,    Theophilus    Elmer,  Silas 
Condict,  John  Hart,  John  Mehelm,  Samuel 
Dick,  John   Combe,   Caleb   Camp,  Edmund 
Wetherby  and  John  Manning.     These  men 
were  selected  carefully  for  the  discharge   of 
the  arduous  and  delicate  duties  imposed  upon 
them.     Entrusted    specially  with    power  to 
arrest,  try  and  punish  persons  suspected   of 
Toryism,  their  authority  was  almost  without 
limit.     The  Council  was  tlie  representative 
of  the  Legislature  during  the  recesses  of  the 
latter,  and  it  was  clothed  also  with  judicial, 
executive  and  quasi-military  functions.  .More- 
over, it  could  appropriate  such  sums  of  money 
from  the  State  treasury  as  were  needed  to 
carry  on  its  operations,  and  could  also  make 
appointments  of  officers  in  the  military  con- 
tingent of  the  State  and  issue  commissions  to 
its  appointees.     A  strong  detail  of  Arnold's 
men  attended  all  its  movements,  and  it  was 
entitled  to  call  out  the  militia  to  enforce  its 
decrees.     While   it  sat    at   Haddonfield    it 
kept  two  guard-houses '  well  filled  with  its 
prisoners,   and   every   patriot   was  in  some 

^  One  still  stands  opposite  to  the  place  of  their  delib- 
erations, now  occupied  by  Zebedee  Tompkins,  and  the 
other  was  recently  owned  and  occupied  by  Dr.  I.  W. 
Heulings. — Clement's  Revolutionary  Reminiscences. 


66 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


manner  an  amateur  detective,  who  reported 
to  the  Council  his  neighbors  supposed  to 
entertain  hostility  to  the  cause  of  indepen- 
dence. 

Wielding  such  formidable  weapons,  the 
Council  was  the  terror  of  the  American 
friends  of  England.  Governor  Livingston 
sat  at  its  deliberations  and  usually  presided. 
There  was  the  single  appeal  from  the  deci- 
sions of  a  majority  of  the  Councillors  that  an 
accused  person  could  enter  bail  and  carry  his 
case  to  court ;  but  if  he  refused  to  give 
security  or  take  the  oath  of  loyalty,  he  was 
peremptorily  imprisoned  and  held  at  their 
pleasure.  At  their  first  meeting  they  disposed 
of  the  cases  of  fourteen  alleged  Tories ;  and  it 
was  not  uncommon  for  them  to  try  from  twenty 
to  thirty  in  a  day.  They  sat  at  Haddonfield 
on  March  18th  and  19th,  then  adjourning  to 
Borden  town,  and  the  subjoined  extracts  from 
the  minutes  of  the  19th  are  a  fair  sample  of 
their  work  and  also  their  manner  of  execut- 
ing it : 

"  The  Board  entered  upon  the  examination  of 
the  prisoners  sent  to  Haddonfield  some  time  since 
by  General  Putnam.  Abraham  Briton,  Jonathan 
Forman  and  Robert  Barns,  having  been  examined, 
took  and  subscribed  the  oaths  of  abjuration  and 
allegiance,  as  by  law  appointed,  and  were  dis- 
charged. 

"Anthony  Woodward,  son  of  William,  having 
been  examined,  being  one  of  the  people  called 
Quakers,  took  affirmations  to  the  effect  of  the 
oaths  above  mentioned,  and  entered  into  recog- 
nizance with  David  Hurley,  his  surety,  in  £300 
each,  before  Mr.  Justice  Symmes,  for  his  appear- 
ance at  the  next  Court  of  Oyer  and  Terminer,  to 
be  held  in  the  County  of  Monmouth,  and  in  the 
meantime  to  be  of  good  behavior,  and  was  there- 
upon dismissed.  Moses  Ivins,  being  examined, 
acknowledged  that  he  had  given  bond  to  the  late 
convention  in  £500  conditional  for  his  good  be- 
havior towards  the  State,  and  having  entered  into 
recognizance  with  Abraham  Briton,  his  surety,  in 
£300  each  to  appear,  etc.,  as  in  the  case  of  An- 
thony Woodward,  was  dismissed. 

"  Ordered,  That  the  prisoners  lately  ordered  to 
be  brought  from  Frederick  Town  in  Maryland  and 
lodged  in  the  gaol  of  the  County  of  Salem,  be  con- 


ducted under  guard  to  Bordentown,  so  as  to  be 
there  by  Wednesday  next,  or  as  soon  thereafter  as 
may  be  convenient;  and  that  Col.  Dick  be  desired 
to  detach  so  many  of  the  militia  of  his  battalion 
as  may  be  necessary  to  carry  this  order  into  exe- 
cution. 

"An  account  of  Capt.  Elisha  Walton  for  sub- 
sisting a  guard  and  six  prisoners  belonging  to 
Pennsylvania  at  and  from  Haddonfield  to  Phila- 
delphia on  the  18th  and  19th  instants,  amounting 
to  £4  7s.  %d.,  was  laid  before  the  Board.  Ordered 
that  the  same  be  paid." 

The  Council  opened  ite  second  session  at 
Haddonfield  on  May  10,  1777,  and  from 
thence  until  June  9th  met  there  nearly  every 
day,  and  such  was  the  press  of  labor  upon  it 
that  it  frequently  held  two  and  sometimes 
three  meetings  daily.  Its  time  was  largely 
taken  up  with  the  proceedings  against  John 
Henchman,  the  owner  of  a  very  large  and 
valuable  estate  in  the  township,  and  the 
descendant  of  the  settler  of  the  same  name  a 
century  previous.  Henchman  came  under 
suspicion  as  a  Loyalist,  and  among  the  wit- 
■nesses  against  him  in  the  preliminary  pro- 
ceedings were  Capt.  Samuel  Hugg,  Joseph 
Hugg,  Samuel  Harrison,  Capt.  William 
Harrison,  William  Norton  and  John  Estaugh 
Hopkins.  The  grounds  of  the  charges  ap- 
pear in  the  record  of  Capt.  Hugg's  testi- 
mony, in  which  it  is  stated  that  he  "  can  give 
some  account  of  the  said  Henchman's  pro- 
ducing his  former  commission  under  the 
crown  to  some  British  officers  at  the  Black 
Horse  as  a  pass  and  of  his  inviting  some 
British  officers  to  his  sister's  house  at  Mount 
Holly." 

The  minutes  of  June  5th  continue  the 
case  thus : 

"John  Henchman,  Esq.,  appears  before  the 
Board  pursuant  to  citation,  and  the  charges  against 
him  being  read,  he  was  permitted  to  offer  any- 
thing m  his  power  by  way  of  palliation,  and  after 
being  heard  was  ordered  to  withdraw. 

"  The  Council  taking  Mr.  Henchman's  case  into 
their  consideration,  and  being  of  the  opinion  that 
the  charges  against  him  did  not  fully  indicate  a 
malicious  intention,  but  that  the  said  charges  did 


THE  WAR  OP  THE  REVOLUTION. 


,67 


fix  him  under  a  strong  suspicion  of  disaffection  to 
the  United  States. 

"  Agreed,  therefore,  that  Mr.  Henchman  be  again 
called  into  Council,  and  that  the  oaths  of  abjura- 
tion and  allegiance  be  tendered  to  him  according 
to  law. 

"  Mr.  Henchman  appeared  accordingly,  and  the 
said  oaths  were  tendered  him  in  Council,  which  he 
refused  to  take  and  subscribe,  but  was  willing  tobe 
bound  with  surety  for  his  appearance  at  the  next 
Court  of  General  Quarter  Sessions ;  and  the  said 
John  Henchman  did  accordingly  enter  into  recog- 
nizance with  Jacob  Clement  in  the  sum  of  £300 
each,  before  the  Governor  and  Council  of  Safety 
for  his  appearance  at  the  next  Court  of  General 
Quarter  Sessions  of  the  peace  of  the  County  of 
Gloucester,  there  to  answer  to  such  charges  as  shall 
be  exhibited  against  him  on  behalf  of  the  State ; 
and,  in  the  meantime,  be  of  the  peace  and  of  the 
good  behavior,  and  was  thereupon  dismissed." 

Several  other  citizens  of  Gloucester  were 
under  examination  by  the  Council  at  this 
time.  George  Rapalje  was  committed  on  May 
21st,  to  jail, — 

"  For  advisedly  and  willingly  by  speech,  writing, 
open  deed  and  act,  maintaining  and  defending  the 
authority,  jurisdiction  and  power  of  the  King  of 
Great  Britain  as  heretofore  claimed  within  this 
State." 

On  May  31st,  Richard  Snowdon  refused  to 
take  the  oath  of  allegiance  or  to  give  bail  for 
court  and  was  placed  in  thesheriif's  custody. 
How  numerous  were  the  offences  of  which  men 
might  be  accused  was  instanced  in  the  case 
of  Thomas  Woodward,  a  Friend,  son  of 
Anthony,  for  whom  a  warrant  of  arrest  was 
issued,  charging  him  "  with  maliciously  and 
advisedly  saying  and  doing  things  encourag- 
ing disaffection,  and  with  maliciously  and 
advisedly  spreading  such  false  rumors  con- 
cerning the  American  forces  and  the  forces 
of  the  enemy  as  tend  to  alienate  the  affec- 
tions of  the  people  from  the  government  and 
to  terrify  and  discourage  the  good  subjects  of 
this  State,  and  to  dispose  them  to  favour  the 
pretensions  of  the  enemies  of  this  State." 

After  a  short  sitting  at  Morristown  the 
Council  returned  to  Haddonfield  on  Septem- 
ber 12th.     Changes  had  been  made  in  the 


personnel,  the  members  then  being  Silas 
Condict,  Wm.  Patterson,  Nathaniel  Scudder, 
Thomas  Elmer,  John  Hart,  Benjamin  Man- 
ning, Peter  Tallmann,  John  Mehelm,  Caleb 
Camp,  Jacob  Drake,  Jonathan  Bowen,  John 
Combs,  John  Buck,  Wm.  Peartree  Smith, 
Fred'k  Frelinghuysen  and  Edward  Flem- 
ing. Little  of  importance  was  accomplished 
at  this  session,  Gloucester  County  having 
been  restored  to  comparative  quiet,  and  the 
most  of  the  guard  was  sent  to  Burlington, 
where  the  jail  was  overcrowded  with  Tory 
suspects.  Thomas  Hooton,  of  Gloucester, 
was  arrested,  but  released  upon  swearing  to 
his  loyalty,  and  John  Carty  was  sent  into  the 
enemy's  lines,  this  being  one  of  the  methods 
of  getting  rid  of  disaffected  persons  whom  it 
was  not  deemed  politic  to  imprison.  A  sample 
order  of  the  kind  was  that  issued  regarding 
Richard  Wain,  who  was  a  land-holder  in 
Gloucester  County, — 

"  October  7th. — Richard  Wain  (one  of  the  peo- 
ple called  Quakers)  being  concerned  before  the 
Board,  and  affirmations  to  the  effect  of  the  Oaths 
of  Abjuration  and  allegiance,  being-  tendered  to 
him  pursuant  to  law,  he  refused  to  take  them,  but 
being  willing  to  go  with  his  family  into  the  ene- 
my's lines,  and  he  appearing  to  the  Board  too  dan- 
gerous to  remain  in  the  State,  the  Council  agreed 
that  the  said  Richard  Wain  have  leave  to  go  with 
his  family  into  the  enemy's  lines  on  Staten  Island 
in  five  days  from  the  date  hereof." 

The  exchange  of  prisoners  was  another  mat- 
ter within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Council,  and 
early  in  its  proceedings  it  made  the  rule  of 
giving  a  soldier  for  a  soldier,  a  civilian  for  a 
civilian.  Through  this  system  numerous 
Tories  were  handed  over  to  the  British, 
while  valuable  patriots  whom  the  enemy  had 
incarcerated  were  reclaimed  to  the  national 
service.  A  reserve  of  prisoners  was  occa- 
sionally held  with  a  view  to  such  a  transfer, 
and  there  are  quite  a  number  of  cases  like 
that  of  Joseph  King,  who,  being  "  too  dan- 
gerous a  person  to  be  suffered  to  be  at  large," 
was  ordered  "  taken  and  kept  in  safe  custody 
in  order  to  be  exchanged." 


68 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Quitting  Haddonfield  on  September  26  th, 
the  Council  fled  to  Princeton  and  then  to 
Pittstown,  to  be  safely  out  of  the  way  of 
British  raiders.  While  at  the  latter  place, 
on  October  18th,  it  appointed  commissioners 
to  raise  recruits  and  apprehend  deserters, 
those  for  Gloucester  County  being  Joseph 
Estell,  William  Price,  Colonel  Josiah  Hil- 
man  and  James  Tallman,  who  were  com- 
manded to  rendezvous  at  Woodbury.  The 
following  minute  appears  of  December  1 2th  : 

"  Application  was  made  to  the  Board  for  the 
payment  of  money  due  to  the  militia  in  the  county 
of  Gloucester,  under  the  command  of  Colonel 
Ellis. 

"  Agreed  that  Colonel  Ellis  be  informed  by  letter 
that  the  Legislature  have  directed  the  delegates 
to  obtain  from  Congress  the  sum  of  £120,000  for 
discharging  the  debt  due  to  the  militia  of  this 
State,  and  that  the  proportion  of  $16,000,  when 
obtained,  will  be  paid  into  the  hands  of  Thomas 
Carpenter  for  the  payment  of  the  militia  of 
Gloucester  and  Salem." 

The  Hessian  marauders  were  scouring 
Southern  New  Jersey  for  better  food  than 
King  George's  rations,  and  Colonel  Ellis, 
commandant  of  the  Gloucester  militia,  was 
authorized  to  remove  any  cattle,  sheep  and 
hogs  (excepting  milch  cows)  from  any  places 
where  he  thought  them  in  danger  of  falling 
into  the  enemy's  hands  to  places  of  greater 
security,  and  upon  the  owners  refusing  to  do 
so,  after  first  giving  notice  to  the  owners,  who 
may  take  care  of  them  at  their  expense. 
This  measure  not  proving  extreme  enough. 
Colonel  Ellis  was  directed  to  remove  all  the 
horned  cattle,  sheep,  hogs  and  all  cows 
which  do  not  give  milk  from  the  vicinity  of 
the  Jersey  shore,  in  the  counties  of  Burling- 
ton, Gloucester  and  Salem,  that  may  be 
within  the  reach  of  the  enemy's  foraging 
parties,  except  such  as  might  be  really  neces- 
sary for  the  inhabitants  (the  owners  refusing 
to  do  it  on  notice  given  to  them  for  that 
purpose),  and  that  the  general  (Washington) 
be  informed  that  the  powers  lodged  in  the 
Council    of  Safety    are   inadequate    to    the 


requisition  of  having  the  forage  removed, 
and  that  it  be  recommended  to  him  to  exer- 
cise his  own  authority  in  having  it  effected. 
This  stripping  of  the  country  of  provender  in 
order  that  the  enemy  might  not  obtain  it 
speaks  eloquently  of  the  straits  to  which  this 
section  of  the  State  was  reduced. 

These  stern  Councillors  were  obliged  to  be 
no  respectors  of  the  sex.  The  wives  and 
daughters  of  Tories  were  as  inimical  to  the 
republic  as  their  husbands  and  fathers,  and 
when  the  men  had  gone  into  the  British 
service  the  women  left  behind  frequently  be- 
came adroit  and  successful  spies  upon  the 
movements  of  the  patriots.  Hence  the 
Council  applied  to  them  the  extreme  rigors 
of  the  treason  law  and  either  sent  them 
after  their  male  protectors  into  the  British 
lines,  locked  them  up  in  jail  or  held  them  in 
heavy  bonds  for  their  good  behavior.  Those 
to  be  sent  into  the  enemy's  camp  were  usually 
assembled  at  Elizabeth,  from  whence  it  was 
an  easy  task  to  transfer  them  under  a  flag  of 
truce  to  the  headquarters  on  Staten  Island. 
While  sitting  at  Trenton,  on  March  27, 
1778,  the  Council  had  to  deal  with  a  squad 
of  suspects  who  had  been  brought  in  from 
Gloucester  County,  and  passed  the  following 
orders  regarding  them  : 

"  That  William  and  Thomas  Jones  be  committed 
to  gaol  for  trial. 

"That  Jacob  Shoulder,  Jacob  Mouse,  Isaac 
Zane  and  Samuel  Hewling  have  five  days  to  de- 
termine whether' they  will  enlist  into  the  Conti- 
nental service  during  the  war  or  be  committed  for 
their  trial  for  going  into  the  enemy's  lines  and 
returning  into  this  State  contrary  to  law. 

"That  Jacob  Jones,  Gunrod  Shoemaker,  Wil- 
liam Davenport,  Thomas  Smith  and  a  negro  man 
belonging  to  John  Cox  be  discharged,  the  former 
four  on  taking  the  oath  to  government  prescribed 
by  law. 

"  And  that  Daniel  Murray  and  Blakey  Hurltey, 
suspected  of  being  spies  from  the  enemy,  and  also 
for  endeavoring  to  pass  counterfeit  money  found 
upon  them,  be  sent  to  headquarters." 

On  June  6th,  Johu  Kirby,  Benjamin 
Allen,  Urich  West    and  Jesse  Sirran,  all  of 


THE  WAR  OP  THE  REVOLUTION. 


69 


Gloucester  County,  were  examined  "  for  join- 
ing the  enemy,"  but  there  were  also  held  in 
reserve  against  them  accusations  of  mis- 
prision of  treason  and  of  counterfeiting  the 
State  currency,  which  later  was  a  very  com- 
mon offence  until  the  bills  of  credit  which 
did  duty  as  a  circulating  medium  became  so 
depreciated  in  value  that  the  labors  of  the 
counterfeiter  were  profitless.  On  August  4th, 
the  Council  being  then  at  Morristown,  it  com- 
mitted to  the  Gloucester  (bounty  jail  Isaac 
Lloyd,  Samuel  Lippincott,  Joseph  Myers, 
Lawrence  Cox,  David  Carter,  Jacob  Justine, 
William  Kennack  and  Jesse  Sirran,  who 
were  believed  to  have  given  aid  and  comfort 
to  the  enemy. 

The  final  records  of  the  Council  are  dated 
at  Princeton,  October  8, 1778.  Its  member- 
ship had  then  been  increased  to  twenty.  Mr. 
Frelinghuysen  and  Mr.  Combs  had  retired, 
and  Messrs.  Cooper,  Imlay,  Linn,  Crane, 
Fennemore,  Cook  and  Keasby  had  been 
brought  in.  The  last  proceedings  having 
connection  with  Gloucester  County  affairs 
were  the  passage  of  a  resolution  for  the  re- 
payment to  Councillor  Camp  of  fourteen 
pounds,  "  by  him  advanced  to  Isaac  Coxe,  ser- 
geant of  the  guard  at  Haddonfield,  in  part 
pay  for  the  said  guard." 

The  Wkst  Jersey  Commands. — Men- 
tion has  already  been  made  of  the  formation 
of  the  battalions  commanded  by  Lord  Stir- 
ling and  Colonel  Maxwell.  These  were  the 
first  organizations  of  the  "  Jersey  Line." 
The  privates  were  enlisted  for  one  year,  at 
five  dollars  per  month,  and  were  allowed,  in 
place  of  bounty,  "  a  felt  hat,  a  pair  of  yarn 
stockings  and  a  pair  of  shoes,"  but  were  to 
furnish  their  own  arms.  On  January  8, 
1776,  the  West  Jersey  (Maxwell's)  battalion 
was  ordered  to  report  to  General  Schuyler,  at 
Albany.  Authority  for  the  formation  of  a 
third  battalion,  of  which  Elias  Dayton  was 
made  colonel,  was  given  by  Congress  Janu- 
ary 10^  1776.  All  these  commands  were 
reorganized  under  the  act  of  the  Continental 


Congress  of  September  16,  1776.  It  pro- 
vided for  the  enlistment  of  eighty-eight  bat- 
talions to  serve  during  the  war,  and  of  these 
the  "  New  Jersey  Line  "  consisted  of  four. 
Twenty  dollars  Avas  offered  as  a  bounty  to 
each  non-commissioned  officer  and  private, 
and  bount}''  lands  at  the  close  of  the  war  to 
each  officer  and  man,  or  to  his  heirs  in  case 
of  his  death,  as  follows  :  Five  hundred  acres 
to  each  colonel,  four  hundred  and  fifty  acres 
to  each  lieutenant-colonel,  four  hundred  to 
each  major,  three  hundred  to  each  captain, 
two  hundred  to  each  lieutenant,  one  hundred 
and  fifty  to  each  ensign,  and  to  each  private 
and  non-commissioned  officer  one  hundred. 
The  men  in  the  ranks  were  to  be  furnished 
with  an  outfit  annually,  that  for  the  first 
year  to  be  two  linen  hunting-shirts,  two  pair 
of  overalls,  a  leathern  or  woolen  waistcoat 
with  sleeves,  one  pair  of  breeches,  a  hat  or 
leathern  cap,  two  shirts,  two  pair  of  hose  and 
two  pair  of  shoes.  They  could  commute 
these  things  into  money  at  a  valuation 
of  twenty  dollars,  if  they  chose  to  equip 
themselves. 

The  reorganization  and  re-enlistment  of 
the  First  Battalion,  Colonel  Silas  Newcorab, 
was  completed  in  December,  1776  ;  the  Sec- 
ond, Colonel  Israel  Shreve  (of  Gloucester), 
February,  1777  ;  the  Fourth,  Colonel  Eph- 
raim  Martin,  during  the  same  month  ;  and 
the  Third,  Colonel  Elias  Dayton,  in  April 
of  that  year.  Colonel  Maxwell  was  promoted 
to  brigadier-general  in  October,  1776,  and 
assigned  to  the  command  of  these  battalions, 
which,  as  "  Maxwell's  Brigade,"  won  laurels 
on  many  a  bloody  field.  In  the  May  follow- 
ing they  were  placed  in  General  Stephens' 
division  and  encamped  at  Elizabethtown, 
Bound  Brook  and  Spanktown  (Kahway). 
Stephens,  in  the  summer  of  1777,  marched 
through  Pennsylvania  and  Delaware,  and  a 
small  portion  of  the  "  New  Jersey  Line  " 
opened  the  battle  of  Brandy  wine  on  the 
morning  of  September  11th.  They  contin- 
ued actively  engaged  through  the  fight  and 


70 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


afterwards  skirmished  with  the  enemy  before 
reaching  their  camp  at  Germantown,  where, 
in  the  battle  of  October  4th,  they  formed  the 
left  wing  and  reserve  of  Washington's  army. 
They  were  conspicuous  for  their  gallantry  in 
this  action,  and  Newcomb's  battalion  was  an 
especially  heavy  loser  of  officers  and  men. 

The  Jerseymen  passed  the  winter  of  1777- 
78  with  the  remainder  of  the  army  in  gloom 
and  suffering  at  Valley  Forge.  When  the 
British  evacuated  Philadelphia,  in  June, 
1778,  Maxwell's  brigade  constituted  the 
main  portion  of  the  column  placed  under 
the  command  of  Lafayette  to  hang  upon 
General  Clinton's  flanks  and  rear,  with  the 
object  of  striking  him  a  blow  whenever  the 
opportunity  permitted.  They  were  highly 
successful  in  making  the  enemy  suffer 
severely  on  the  march  through  Jersey.  On 
June  28th  the  Line,  as  well  as  the  militia, 
which  was  under  the  command  of  Major- 
General  Philemon  Dickinson,  took  part  in 
the  battle  of  Monmouth.  Most  of  the  win- 
ter of  1778-79  was  spent  by  the  brigade  at 
Elizabethtown,  but  a  detachment  of  Shreve's 
Gloucester  troops  was  encamped  at  Newark. 
In  May,  1779,  the  whole  brigade  took  part 
in  General  Sullivan's  expedition,  which 
marched  up  the  Susquehanna  Valley  and  in- 
flicted punishment  on  the  Seneca  Indians; 
returning  to  New  Jersey  in  October. 

Another  reorganization  was  carried  into 
effect  in  compliance  with  the  acts  of  C'ongress 
of  May  27,  1778,  and  March  9,  1779.  The 
battalions  of  the  Line,  reduced  in  numbers 
by  losses  in  battle  and  the  other  calamities 
of  war,  were  consolidated  into  three,  and  a 
bounty  of  two  hundred  dollars  each  was 
offered  for  three  hundred  and  sixty-five  vol- 
unteers. Sixteen  hundred  and  twenty  moi'e 
were  called  for  on  February  9,  1780,  the  in- 
ducement to  enlist  was  increased  to  one 
thousand  dollars,  and  recruiting  officers,  or 
"  Muster  Masters,"  were  appointed,  Colonel 
Joseph  Ellis  filling  the  office  in  Gloucester 
County.     In  June,  1781,  another  draft  was 


made,  and  John  Davis  undertook  to  fill 
Gloucester's  quota  of  fifty-one  men.  The 
bounty  paid  under  this  requisition  was  twelve 
pounds  in  gold  or  silver  to  each  man,  and 
the  three  colonels —Matthias  Ogden,  Isaac 
Shreveand  Elias  Dayton — succeeded  infilling 
out  their  regiments  to  six  companies  each. 
Maxwell  continued  in  command  of  the 
brigade  until  his  resignation,  in  July,  1780, 
when  he  was  succeeded  by  the  senior  colonel, 
Dayton,  who  served  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  In  September,  1781,  the  three  regi- 
ments were  ordered  to  Virginia,  where  they 
participated  in  the  Yorktown  campaign  and 
were  present  at  the  surrender  of  Lord  Corn- 
wallis.  The  news  of  the  cessation  of  hostili- 
ties was  announced  in  the  camp  of  the 
brigade  April  19,  1783,  and  the  Jersey  Line 
was  mustered  out  on  the  succeeding  3d  of 
November. 

State  Teoops. — Besides  the  troops  who 
served  continuously  in  the  regular  army. 
New  Jersey  had  occasion  at  various  times 
during  the  war  to  call  out  volunteers  from 
the  militia  for  protection  against  the  incur- 
sions of  the  British  and  the  raids  of  Royalists 
and  Indians.  These  commands  were  held 
subject  to  duty  in  this  and  adjoining  States, 
and  were  known  as  "  New  Jersey  Levies," 
"  Five  Months'  Levies,"  or  more  generally 
as  "  State  Troops."  The  artillery  companies 
of  Frelinghuysen  and  Hugg,  already  alluded 
to,  the  earliest  of  these  organizations,  were 
created  under  the  act  of  the  Provincial  Con- 
gress of  February  13,  1776.  November  27, 
1776,  the  first  act  was  passed  for  the  organi- 
zation of  the  infantry  branch  of  the  State 
troops,  and  four  battalions  of  eight  com- 
panies each  were  raised  by  voluntary  enlist- 
ment. One  battalion  was  recruited  in  the 
counties  of  Gloucester,  Salem  and  Cumber- 
land, three  companies  coming  from  the  former 
county.  Of  this  battalion,  David  Potter 
was  appointed  colonel,  Whitton  Cripps 
lieutenant-colonel,  and  Anthony  Sharp  major. 
Capt.    Simon    Lucas    commanded    another 


THE  WAR  OF  THE  REVOLUTION. 


71 


Gloucester  company,  which  was  formed 
under  the  call  of  December  29,  1781,  for 
four  hundred  and  twenty-two  men  to  serve 
until  December  16,  1782.  Calls  were  also 
made  on  June  7  and  14,  1780,  for  four 
hundred  and  twenty  men  to  serve  until 
January  1,  1782. 

Militia.  —  The  militia  were  the  first 
troops  organized  in  New  Jersey  in  the  Revo- 
lution, the  Provincial  Congress,  on  June  3, 
1775,  providing  "a  plan  for  regulating  the 
militia  of  the  colony,"  because  of  "  the  cruel 
and  arbitrary  measures  adopted  and  pur- 
sued by  the  British  Parliament  and  present 
ministry  for  the  purpose  of  subjugating  the 
American  colonies  to  the  most  abject  servi- 
tude." By  the  elaboration  of  this  plan  in 
August,  Gloucester  was  required  to  raise 
three  battalions.  On  June  3,  1776,  the 
Continental  Congress  called  for  thirteen 
thousand  eight  hundred  militia  to  reinforce 
the  army  at  New  York.  The  quota  for 
New  Jersey  was  three  thousand  three  hun- 
dred, of  which  Gloucester  furnished  two 
companies.  On  July  16th  Congress  re- 
quested the  convention  of  New  Jersey  to 
supply  with  militia  the  places  of  two  thou- 
sand of  Washington's  troops  that  had  been 
ordered  into  New  Jersey  to  form  the  Flying 
Camp.  Of  the  thirty  companies  of  sixty-four 
men  each  sent  under  this  call,  Gloucester 
provided  three,  which,  with  one  from  Cum- 
berland and  three  from  Burlington,  were 
combined  in  a  battalion  under  Colonel  Charles 
Read,  Lieutenant- Colonel  Josiah  Hillman, 
Major  William  Ellis  and  Surgeon  Bodo 
Otto,  Jr.  August  11, 1776,  the  militia  was 
divided  into  brigades,  one  to  be  detached  for 
immediate  service  and  relieved  by  the  other 
at  the  expiration  of  thirty  days.  On  this 
basis  of  monthly  classes,  in  active  service 
alternate  months,  these  troops  were  held 
during  the  war.  On  January  8,  1781,  the 
organization  was  enlarged  to  three  brigades. 
"  The  good  service  performed  by  the  militia 
of  New  Jersey  is  fully  recorded  in  history. 


At  the  fights  at  Quinton's  Bridge,  Hancock's 
Bridge,  Three  Rivers,  Connecticut  Farms 
and  Van  Neste's  Mills  they  bore  an  active 
part ;  while  at  the  battles  of  Long  Island, 
Trenton,  Assanpink,  Princeton,  Germantown, 
Springfield  and  Monmouth  they  performed 
efficient  services  in  supporting  the  Continen- 
tal Line."  ' 

The  subjoined  list  exhibits  the  field  and 
staff  officers  of  the  militia  of  Old  Gloucester 
County. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  those  from 
Gloucester  County  who  served  either  in  the 
Continental  army.  State  troops  or  militia 
during  the  Revolutionary  War  :  ^ 

Brigadier-  General. 

Joseph  Ellis. 

Colonels. 

Bodo  Otto.  Israel  Shreve. 

Richard  Somers. 

Lieutenant-  Colonels. 

Robert  Brown.  Samuel  Shreve. 

Elijah  Clark.  Samuel  Tonkin. 

Majors. 

William  Ellis.  George  Payne. 

Samuel  Flannigan.  Jeremiah  Smith. 

Rich'd  Westcott. 

Paymasters. 

Thomas  Carpenter.  John  Little. 

Surgeon. 

Thomas  Hendry. 

Captains. 

John  Baker.  James  Holmes. 

Andrew  Barnes.  John  Inskip. 

Jacob  Browning.  Simon  Lucas. 

Richard  Cheeseman.  Archibald  MaflBt. 

Joseph  Covenover.  William  Maflit. 

John  Cozens.  John  Patten. 

John  Davis.  David  Paul. 

Douglas.  George  Pierce. 

Joseph  Elwell.  William  Price. 

Sawtel  Elwell.  George  Purvis. 

Joseph  Estell.  Christopher  Rape. 

Felix  Fisher.  Henry  Shute. 

John  Hampton.  William  Smith. 

William  Harrison.  Robert  Snell. 
Richard  Higbee.           .    Samuel  Snell. 

1  "  OflBcers  and  Men  of  New  Jersey  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary War,"  by  General  W.  S.  Stryker. 
*  Compiled  from  Stryker's  Offfcial  Register. 


72 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


James  Somers. 
John  Somers. 
Zephania  Steelman. 
John  Stokes. 
Richard  Stonebanks. 


James  Tollman. 
Joseph  Thorne- 
William  Watson. 
David  Weatherby. 
John  Wood. 


David  Baker. 
John  Carter. 
John  Chatham. 
Enoch  Leeds. 


Lieutenants. 

Joseph  McCullough. 
John  Parsons. 
Ward  Pierce. 
Benjamin  Weatherly. 


First.  Lieutenants. 
Joseph  Ingersoll.  Alexander  Mitchell. 

Edward  Ireland.  Nehemiah  Morse. 

Jeremiah  Leeds.  Samuel  Springer. 

Samuel  Matlack.  Arthur  Westcott. 

Second    Lieutenants. 


Aaron  Chew. 
Peter  Covenhoven. 
Jacob  Endicott. 
William  Finch. 
John  Lucas. 


Samuel  McFarland. 
Abraham  Parsons. 
Jeremiah  Eisley. 
Henry  Rowe. 
John  Scull. 


Elijah  Townsend. 

Ensigns. 

Daniel  Hooper. 
Benjamin  Inskeep. 
Cornelius  McCollum. 
Joseph  Morrell. 
Nathaniel  Sipple. 
David  Stillwell. 
John  Tilton. 


John  Adams. 
Joseph  Avis. 
Elijah  Barret. 
Japhet  Clark. 
John  Dilkes. 
Ebenezer  Extell. 
Daipiel  Frazer. 

Sergeants. 
Abraham  Bennet.  John  Reed. 

William  Campbell.  Richard  Sayers. 

Patrick  McCollum.  Jacob  Spencer. 

James  Tomblin. 

Corporal. 
Leonard  Fisler. 

Wagoner. 
Philip  Dare. 

Privates. 

Jesse  Adams. 
Jonas  Adams. 
Jonathan  Adams. 
Richard  Adams. 
Thomas  Adams. 
William  Adams. 
Abram  Aim. 
Abraham  Albertson. 
Albert  Alberson. 
Isaac  Albertson. 
Jacob  Albertson,  Jr. 
Jacob  Albertson,  Sr. 


Jeptha  Abbot. 
John  Abel. 
Daniel  Ackley. 
Hezekiah  Ackley. 
James  Ackley. 
John  Ackley. 
Silas  Ackley. 
James  Adair. 
Andrew  Adams. 
David  Adams. 
Elijah  Adams. 
Jeremiah  Adams. 


George  Allen. 
Joseph  Allen. 
William  Allen. 
Thomas  Alleor. 
Jacob  AUset. 
Henry  Anderson. 
Isaac  Armstrong. 
Gibson  Ashcroft. 
James  Ashcroft. 
Jacob  Assit. 
Conuter  Atherton. 
Abijah  Ayers. 
James  Ayers. 
Moses  Ayers. 
.lohn  Baley. 
Jonathan  Baley. 
Joseph  Baley. 
Benjamin  Balken. 
Jonathain  Barton. 
William  Bates. 
Thomas  Beavin. 
Jonathan  Beesley. 
James  Belange. 
Nicholas  Belange. 
Samuel  Belange. 
Robert  Bell. 
William  Bell. 
Jonathan  Benly. 
Alexander  Bennet. 
John  Bennet. 
Jonathan  Bennet. 
John  Berry. 
Patrick  Brady. 
George  Bright. 
Asa  Brown. 
Matthew  Brown. 
George  Browne. 
Thomas  Bryant. 
Elijah  Buck. 
Josiah  Budd. 
John  Budey. 
James  Bulangey. 
Joshua  Bulangey. 
Robin  Bunton. 
Benjamin  Bachon. 
Abel  Bacon. 
Frederick  Baker. 
James  Baley. 
Haned  Bardin 
Richard  Barker. 
Benjamin  Bispham. 
Andrew  Blackman. 
David  Blackman. 
John  Blackman. 
Nehemiah  Blackman. 


James  Bleakman. 
James  Boggs. 
William  Boice. 
Jonathan  Borton. 
Edward  Bo  wen. 
Josiah  Bowen. 
David  Bowyer. 
John  Bradford. 
David  Brower. 
John  Bryant. 
Joseph  Burch. 
Elijah  Burk. 
Moses  Burnet. 
Samuel  Burton. 
William  Bushing. 
Moses  Butterworth. 
Aaron  F.  Cade. 
John  Cain. 
Samuel  Cain. 
Ezekiel  Camp. 
James  Camp. 
David  Campbell. 
William  Campbell.  ■ 
William  Campeu. 
John  Cann. 
George  Caranna. 
Jacob  Carpenter. 
George  Carter. 
James  Caruthers. 
John  Casey. 
Benjamin  Casker. 
Tobias  Casperson. 
William  Cattell. 
George  Cavener. 
Thomas  Chamberlain. 
John  Chattan. 
Thomas  Cheesman. 
John  Chester. 
Robert  Chew. 
Adrial  Clark. 
David  Clark. 
John  Clark. 
Joseph  Clark. 
Parker  Clark. 
Richard  Clemens. 
David  Clement. 
William  Clifton. 
Jacob  Clough. 
John  Cobb. 
Thomas  Cobb. 
William  Cobb. 
Joseph  Conklin. 
Bryant  Conelly. 
David  Conover. 
Jesse  Conover. 


THE  WAR  OF  THE  REVOLUTION. 


73 


Tatterson  Cook. 
Silas  Cook. 
William  Cordry. 
Abel  Corson. 
Simon  Coshier. 
Benjamin  Cosier. 
Simon  Cosier. 
James  Coults. 
Isaac  Course. 
William  Course. 
Joseph  Covenhoven. 
Andrew  Cox. 
Jacob  Cox. 
John  Cozens. 
Samuel  Crager. 
Levi  Crandell. 
William  Cranmore. 
Cornelius  Cullom. 
John  Camp. 
Joseph  Camp,  Sr. 
Joseph  Camp,  Jr. 
Archibald  Campbell. 
Simeon  Casker. 
Daniel  Champion. 
John  Champion. 
Thomas  Champion. 
Benjamin  Clark. 
Reuben  Clark. 
Thomas  Clark. 
George  Clifton. 
Micajah  Conover. 
Peter  Conover. 
Peter  B.  Conover. 
John  Cook. 
John  Corson. 
John  Coshier. 
Isaac  Covenhoven. 
John  Covenhoven. 
Cain  Dair. 
John  Dai/. 
Samuel  Dallas. 
John  Danelson. 
Kidd  Daniels. 
Joel  Daven. 
Andrew  Davis. 
Cain  Davis. 
Curtis  Davis. 
Charles  Day. 
Samuel  Day. 
Thomas  Day. 
Elias  Deal. 
James  Deal. 
Samuel  Deal. 
James  Deckley. 
Edward  Deifel. 
10 


John  Delfer. 
Samuel  Denick. 
Samuel  Denick,  Jr. 
Gideon  Denny. 
Jonas  Denny. 
Thomas  Denny. 
Andrew  Derrickson. 
John  Dickinson. 
Samuel  Dilkes. 
Frampton  Dill. 
John  Dolbier. 
Samuel  Dollis. 
John  Doram. 
Silas  Dorcar. 
Abner  Doughty. 
Absalom  Doughty. 
Jonathan  Doughty. 
Josiah  Doughty. 
John  Drummond. 
Edward  Duffel. 
Samuel  Dulaney. 
Thomas  Dunaway. 
William  Daniels. 
Earl  Davis. 
Richard  Davis. 
John  Deal. 
David  Dennis. 
Matthew  Dennis. 
William  Dickinson. 
Jesse  Dormant. 
Edward  Dougherty. 
Abel  Doughty. 
Abige  Doughty. 
Thomas  Doughty. 
Edward  Dowan. 
John  Dower. 
Benjamin  Drummond. 
James  Dunlap. 
Joseph  Eastall. 
John  Edwards. 
Joseph  Edwards. 
William  Elbridge. 
Jeremiah  Elway. 
Joseph  English. 
Joseph  Ervin. 
John  Evans. 
Abner  Ewing. 
Abraham  Ewing. 
Mis.  English. 
Thomas  English. 
Daniel  Falker. 
John  Farrell. 
Abraham  Farrow. 
John  Farrow. 
Mark  Farrow. 


George  Feathers. 
Peter  Fell. 
William  Fell. 
Abraham  Feniraore. 
Daniel  Feuimore. 
Nathan  Ferlew. 
James  Ferril. 
Jacob  Fetter. 
Thomas  Field. 
Jacob  Fisher. 
Jacob  Fisler. 
George  Fithian. 
William  Fithian. 
William  Fletcher. 
Uriah  Forbes. 
William  Ford. 
William  Fort. 
George  Fowler. 
Isaac  Fowler. 
Andrew  Frambis. 
John  Franklin. 
Daniel  Frazier. 
Samuel  French. 
Daniel  Furman. 
William  Furman. 
John  Fisler. 
Nicholas  Frambis. 
William  Fry. 
Ebenezer  Grinton. 
Calvin  Gamble. 
Edward  Gandy. 
Elias  Gandy. 
John  Gandy. 
James  Gant. 
Robert  Garret. 
Cornelius  Garrison. 
Elijah  Garrison. 
Reuben  Garrison. 
Samuel  Garwood. 
Rossel  Gee. 
William  Gentry. 
James  Gibeson. 
Job  Gibeson. 
John  Gibeson. 
Daniel  Giffen. 
James  Gillingham. 
Reese  Given,  Sr. 
Reese  Given,  Jr. 
William  Given. 
Richard  Graham. 
William  Graham. 
Joshua  Greaves. 
James  Gromley. 
Benjamin  Guild. 
Jacob  Garratson, 


Jeremiah  Garratson. 
Joseph  Garratson. 
Lemuel  Garratson. 
Benjamin  Gifford. 
James  Gifford. 
John  Gifford. 
Timothy  Gifford. 
John  Goff 
Francis  Gonnel. 
James  Gormley. 
William  Hackett. 
Joseph  Haines. 
William  Hainey. 
James  Hamilton. 
John  Hamilton. 
John  Hancock. 
Abram  Harcourt. 
Abel  Harker. 
David  Harker. 
Nathaniel  Harker. 
Moses  Harris. 
Reuben  Harris. 
William  Harris. 
George  Hawkins. 
David  Hays. 
Peter  Hedd. 
David  Heind. 
Leonard  Helel. 
Hance  Helmes. 
John  Helmes. 
Robert  Hemphill. 
Jacob  Henns. 
George  Henry. 
Michael  Hess. 
John  Hessler. 
William  Hewes. 
Benjamin  Hewett. 
Caleb  Hewett. 
Moses  Hewett. 
Samuel  Hewett. 
Thomas  Hewett. 
William  Hewett. 
Isaac  Hickman.' 
James  Hickman. 
Edward  Higbey. 
Isaac  Higbey. 
Richard  Higbey. 
Uriah  Hill. 
Daniel  Hillman. 
Samuel  Hillman. 
Samuel  A.  Hillman. 
Michael  Hiss. 
John  Hitman. 
Benjamin  Hoffman. 
Jacob  Hoffman. 


74 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Thomas  Hollingsworth. 
Andrew  Homan. 
Daniel  Homan. 
John  Hukey. 
John  Hulings. 
Thomas  Humphrey. 
David  Hund. 
Lewis  Hund. 
John  Hurley. 
Abraham  Hutchinson. 
Ezekiel  Hutchinson. 
Peter  Hutsinger. 
Thomas  Hickman. 
Absalom  Higbey. 
John  Hillman. 
Seth  Hillman. 
David  Homan. 
John  Hugg. 
Andrew  Hurst. 
Jacob  Idle. 
George  Ihnetler. 
Daniel  Ingalson. 
Isaac  Ingalson. 
Benjamin  Ingersoll. 
Ebenezer  Ingersoll. 
John  Ingersoll. 
Joseph  Ingersoll,  Jr. 
Amos  Irelan. 
Thomas  Irelan. 
Thomas  Ireland. 
John  Ireland. 
Thomas  Ireland. 
David  Irelan. 
Edmond  Irelan. 
George  Irelan. 
Japhet  Irelan. 
Jonathan  Irelan. 
Joseph  Irelan. 
Reuben  Irelan. 
James  Jeffries. 
John  Jeffries. 
Jonathan  Jerry. 
Samuel  Jess. 
Isaac  Johnson. 
Joseph  Johnson. 
Lawrence  Johnson. 
Lewis  Johnson. 
Nathaniel  Johnson. 
Richard  Johnson. 
Isaac  Johnston. 
Abraham  Jones. 
Abram  Jones. 
Daniel  Jones. 
Hugh  Jones. 
Jonas  Jones. 


Lawrence  Jones. 
Samuel  Jones. 
Michael  Johnson. 
William  Johnston. 
Isaac  Jones. 
John  Kaighn. 
Reuben  Keen. 
Thomas  Kehela. 
David  Keilson. 
Patrick  Kelly. 
Uriah  Kelly. 
William  Kelly. 
James  Kendle. 
John  Kerrey. 
John  Kesler. 
Daniel  Kidd. 
Peter  Kidd. 
John  Killey. 
Joseph  Kindle. 
Andrew  King. 
Cornelius  Lacy. 
John  Lafferty. 
Andrew  Lake. 
Joseph  Lake. 
Nathan  Lake. 
William  Lake. 
James  Land. 
Nathan  Leah. 
Nathaniel  Leake. 
William  Leake. 
Godfrey  Leaman. 
David  Lee. 
Joseph  Lee. 
Walter  Lee. 
Daniel  Leeds. 
Felix  Leeds. 
James  Leeds. 
William  Leeds. 
Azariah  Leonard. 
Francis  Lewis. 
Jeremiah  Lewis. 
John  Linwood. 
Daniel  Lippencott. 
John  Lippencott. 
John  Little. 
John  Little,  Sr. 
John  Little,  Jr. 
Cornelius  Locy. 
John  Lodge. 
Ansey  Long. 
Moses  Long. 
Silas  Long. 
Asa  Lord. 
John  Lord. 
Jonathan  Lord. 


Richard  Lown. 
Israel  Luck. 
Daniel  Lake. 
Mack  Lamor. 
George  Land. 
Nehemiah  Leeds. 
Thomas  Leeds. 
John  Lock. 
Jonathan  Lock. 
Abram  Loper. 
Abram  Manary. 
David  Mancy. 
Benjamin  Manley. 
Edmund  Mapes. 
Andrew  Mason. 
David  Mason. 
Benjamin  Massey. 
Joseph  Masters. 
David  Mattacks. 
Jesse  Mattacks. 
Michael  McOleary. 
John  McCollum. 
Abraham  McCullock. 
James  McFadden. 
John  McFadden. 
Samuel  McFarland. 
Daniel  McGee. 
George  McGonigal. 
Charles  McHenry. 
William  McKay. 
William  McKimmy. 
Hector  McNeil. 
George  Meare. 
Charles  Meyers. 
Benjamin  Miller. 
Samuel  Miller. 
Stephen  Miller. 
Samuel  Mintear. 
George  Mires. 
John  Mitchell. 
Andrew  Moore. 
Daniel  Moore. 
Thomas  Morris. 
Jonas  Morse. 
Nicholas  Morse. 
George  Moses. 
Sharon  Moslander. 
Ezekiel  Mulford. 
Furman  Mulford. 
Jonathan  Mulford. 
Samuel  Mulford. 
Dave  Muney  (Murrey). 
John  Munnion. 
William  Murphy. 
John  Musbrook. 


George  Marical. 
Joseph  Marshall. 
William  Marshall. 
Andrew  Mart. 
John  McClaisuer. 
Adam  McConnell. 
Joshua  Morse. 
John  Mullaky. 
Thomas  Neaves. 
Davis  Nelson. 
Gabriel  Nelson. 
James  Nelson. 
Joseph  Nelson. 
Nehemiah  Nelson. 
Richard  Newgen. 
John  Newman. 
Reuben  Newman. 
Silas  Newton. 
Cornelius  Nichols. 
Thomas  Nichols. 
Wilson  Nickles. 
John  Nickleson. 
David  Nielson. 
Davis  Nielson. 
Gabriel  Nielson. 
Benjamin  Nile. 
Benjamin  Norcross. 
James  Norcross. 
Joseph  Norcross. 
Caleb  Norton. 
Jonathan  Norton. 
Thomas  Nukler. 
Wilson  Nuckless. 
Jacob  Nichols. 
James  Norton. 
John  Orr  (or  Ord). 
Daniel  Osborn. 
David  Padgett. 
Thomas  Padgett. 
Joseph  Parker,  Sr. 
Samuel  Parker,  Sr. 
Daniel  Parkes. 
Joseph  Parkes. 
Noah  Parkes. 
Paul  Parkes. 
John  Patterson  (1st). 
John  Patterson  (2d). 
Joseph  Paul. 
Robert  Pawpe. 
Samuel  Peckin. 
Stephen  Peirson. 
James  Penton. 
Joseph  Penyard. 
Samuel  Penyard. 
Samuel  Perkins. 


THE  WAR  OF  THE  REVOLUTION. 


75 


Daniel  Perry. 
John  Peny. 
Joseph  Perry. 
Moses  Perry. 
Philip  Peters. 
Abram  Peterson. 
David  Peterson. 
Jacob  Peterson. 
Samuel  Peterson. 
Thomas  Peterson. 
Joseph  Pett. 
George  Pierce. 
Joseph  Piatt. 
Samuel  Piatt. 
Thomas  Poarch. 
Lawrence  Pouleson. 
John  Powell. 
Richard  Powell. 
Jacob  Price. 
Levi  Price. 
Thompson  Price. 
William  Pridmore. 
William  Prigmore. 
Joseph  Parker,  Jr. 
Samuel  Parker,  Jr. 
John  Parry. 
Israel  Parshall. 
David  Pierson. 
Ward  Pierce. 
Richard  Price. 
Thomas  Price. 
William  Quicksel. 
John  Rain. 
Jonathan  Reed. 
William  Reed. 
John  Reeves. 
Joshua  Reeves. 
Thomas  Reeves. 
Thomas  Rennard. 
Samuel  Reynolds. 
Michael  Rice. 
Joseph  Rich. 
Richard  Richerson. 
Richard  Richman. 
Daniel  Richmond. 
Jacob  Riley. 
Patrick  Riley. 
Aun  Risley. 
David  Risley. 
Joseph  Risley. 
John  Robbins. 
James  Roberts. 
Joseph  Roberts. 
George  Robertson. 
Caleb  Robeson. 


Jeremiah  Robeson. 
Joseph  Robeson. 
Thomas  Robeson. 
Jeremiah  Robinson. 
William  Rockhill. 
Andrew  Ross. 
Stephen  Ross. 
Enoch  Rudnown. 
Enoch  Rudrow. 
Obadiah  Reed. 
Morris  Risley. 
Nathaniel  Risley. 
Samuel  Risley. 
Thomas  Risley. 
Isaac  Robertson. 
John  Rossell. 
John  Salmon. 
John  Salsbury. 
Joseph  Sawings. 
David  Sayers. 
Thomas  Scott. 
Abel  Scull. 
David  Scull. 
Joseph  Scull. 
Peter  Scull. 
David  Sealey. 
Jacob  Seddons. 
Benjamin  Seeds. 
John  Seeley. 
David  Seers. 
William  Seller. 
John  Selvy. 
William  Senker. 
John  Shane. 
Henry  Sharp. 
Reuben  Shaw. 
Richard  Shaw. 
David  Sheeff. 
Lawrence  Shepherd. 
Nathaniel  Shepherd. 
Owen  Shepherd. 
Frederick  Sbinfelt. 
Edward  Shroppear. 
John  Shuley. 
Samuel  Shute. 
Henry  Sight. 
John  Sill. 
John  Silvey. 
George  Simpkins. 
James  Simpkins. 
Jesse  Siner. 
William  Sinker. 
David  Skeoff. 
John  Slawter. 
Philip  Slide.     - 


James  Smallwood. 
John  Smallwood. 
Elias  Smith. 
Elijah  Smith,  Jr. 
Felix  Smith. 
Henry  Smith. 
Isaac  Smith. 
James  Smith. 
Jesse  Smith. 
John  Smith. 
Joseph  Smith. 
Joshua  Smith, 
Micha  Smith. 
Nathan  Smith. 
Noah  Smith. 
Thomas  Smith. 
William  Smith  (1st). 
William  Smith  (2d). 
Zenos  Smith. 
Daniel  Snellbaker. 
Philip  Snellbaker. 
George  Snelbacker. 
David  Snell. 
Robert  Snelly. 
Joseph  Soey. 
Nicholas  Soey. 
Samuel  Soey. 
David  Sommers. 
Enoch  Sommers. 
Isaac  Sommers. 
John  Somers. 
Richard  Sommers. 
Thomas  Sommers. 
Joseph  Sparks. 
Robert  Sparks. 
Thomas  Springer. 
Jeremiah  Springer. 
John  Sprong. 
John  Starkey. 
John  Spire. 
Richard  Stedman. 
Andrew  Steelman. 
Daniel  Steelman. 
David  Steelman. 
Ebenezer  Steelman. 
Frederick  Steelman. 
George  Steelman, 
James  Steelman,  Sr. 
James  Steelman. 
John  Steelman. 
Jonas  Steelman. 
Jonathan  Steelman,  Jr. 
Jonathan  Steelman,  Sr. 
Richard  Steelman. 
David  Stephens. 


Ezekiel  Steward. 
Joseph  Steward. 
Alexander  Stewart. 
Joel  Stewart. 
John  Stewart,  Sr. 
John  Stewart,  Jr. 
Stephen  Stewart. 
Ebenezer  Stebbins. 
David  Stilwell. 
Samuel  Stoddard. 
Thomas  Stonebank. 
Joel  Stord. 
Thomas  Stothem. 
Samuel  Strickland. 
John  Strumble. 
Gideon  Stull. 
James  Summers. 
John  Stutman. 
Abraham  Swaim. 
Judeth  Swain. 
Jesse  Swan. 
Isaac  Swandler. 
Valentine  Sweeny. 
Timothy  Swiney. 
Valentine  Swing. 
Isaac  Taylor. 
Robert  Taylor. 
William  Tennent. 
Isaac  Terrepin. 
Uriah  Terrepin. 
Jonathan  Terry. 
James  Thomas. 
John  Thackry. 
John  Thomas. 
Richard  Thomas. 
William  Thomson. 
.  Oliver  Thorp. 
John  Tice. 
Daniel  Tilton. 
Peter  Till. 
Joseph  Tilton. 
Jacob  Timberman. 
Elijah  Tomlin. 
Jacob  Tomlin. 
Jonathan  Tomlin. 
William  Tomlin. 
Lewis  Tonson. 
Redack  Tourain. 
John  Towne. 
James  Townsend. 
Daniel  Townsend. 
John  Townsend. 
Reddick  Townsend. 
Daniel  Trumey. 
John  Vannemon. 


76 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


David  Vernon. 
George  Waggoner. 
John  Walker. 
George  Wall. 
John  Wallace. 
John  Wallis. 
Benjamin  Weatherby. 
David  Weatherby. 
George  Weatherby. 
John  Weeks. 
Zephaniah  Weeks. 
Seth  Weldon. 
Thomas  Weldron. 
Jacob  Wence. 
Peter  Wells. 
Israel  West. 
Uriah  West. 
Porter  Wheaton. 
Robert  Wheaton. 
Silas  Wheaton. 
Uriah  Wheaton. 
Samuel  Whitacre. 


Jennings  White. 
John  White. 
John  Whitlock. 
John  Wild. 
Daniel  Wiles. 
James  Wiley. 
David  Williams. 
Edward  Williams. 
George  Williams. 
William  Williams. 
John  Williams. 
David  Williamson. 
John  Wilsey. 
Elijah  Wilson. 
William  Wilson. 
Samuel  Woodruff. 
John  Woolson, 
Samuel  Worrick. 
John  Wright. 
Hance  Young. 
Uriah  Young. 
Jacob  Zimmerman. 


Lieutenant  Richard  Somers  at  Trip- 
oli.— In  the  war  in  which  the  United 
States  engaged  next  after  achieving  their 
independence,  that  against  the  Barbary  States 
on  the  African  coast  of  tlie  Mediterranean 
Sea,  to  punish  and  suppress  their  piracy, 
Lieutenant  Richard  Somers  won  a  fame 
which  will  last  as  long  as  the  memory  of 
gallant  deeds  endures.  He  was  the  son  of 
Colonel  Richard  Somers,  of  the  army  of  the 
Revolution,  was  born  in  Egg  Harbor,  and 
became  an  officer  in  the  American  army  in 
1796.  In  the  .squadroa  which  Commodore 
Preble  took  to  fight  the  Moors  in  1803  he 
commanded  the  schooner  "  Nautilus."  When 
the  enemy  captured  the  "  Philadelphia,"  in 
1804,  Somers  conceived  the  project  of  send- 
ing into  the  inner  harbor  of  Tripoli  the  little 
gunboat  or  ketch  "  Intrepid  "  as  a  fire-ship 
and  infernal  machine.  She  was  loaded  and 
her  decks  covered  with  powder,  bombs, 
grape-shot,  rockets  and  various  missiles,  the 
expectation  being  to  so  explode  her  amidst 
the  Moorish  fleet  and  close  to  the  fortifica- 
tions that  she  might  inflict  the  greatest 
damage  on  both,  possibly  destroy  the  "  Phila- 
delphia," and  cause  the  release  of  her  crew 


and  other  Americans  slowly  perishing  in 
the  prisons  of  Tripoli.  Somers  volunteered 
for  the  command  of  this  desperate  expedi- 
tion, and  had  with  him  four  other  volunteers 
from  the  crew  of  the  "  Nautilus." 

Fenimore  Cooper  has  tersely  told  the  narra- 
tive of  that  fateful  night  of  September  4, 
1804,— 

"  Once  assured  of  the  temper  of  his  companions, 
Somers  took  leave  of  his  officers,  the  boat's  crew 
doing  the  same,  shaking  hands  and  expressing 
their  feelings  as  if  they  felt  assured  of  their  fate  iri 
advance.  Each  of  the  four  men  made  his  will 
verbally,  disposing  of  his  effects  among  his  ship- 
mates like  those  about  to  die.  Several  of  Somers' 
friends  visited  him  on  board  the  Intrepid  be- 
fore she  got  under  way.  Somers  was  grave  and 
entirely  without  any  affectation  of  levity  or  indiffer- 
ence, but  he  maintained  his  usual  quiet  and  tran- 
quil manner.  After  some  conversation  he  took  a 
ring  from  his  finger,  and  breaking  it  into  three 
pieces,  gave  each  of  his  companions '  one,  while 
he  retained  the  third  himself. 

"Two  boats  accompanied  the  Intrepid  to 
bring  off  the  party  just  after  setting  Are  to  the 
train.  About  nine  o'clock  in  the  evening  Lieu- 
tenant Eeed  was  the  last  to  leave  the  Intrepid 
for  his  own  vessel.  When  he  went  over  her  side 
all  communication  between  the  gallant  spirits  she 
contained  and  the  rest  of  the  world  ceased.  The 
ketch  was  seen  to  proceed  cautiously  into  the 
bay,  but  was  soon  obscured  by  the  haze  on  the 
water.  At  ten  o'clock  the  enemy's  batteries  were 
slowly  firing  upon  her.  At  this  moment  Captain 
Stewart  and  Lieutenant  Carroll  were  standing  in 
the  gangway  of  the  Siren,  one  of  the  American 
fieet,  looking  intently  toward  the  place  where  the 
ketch  was  known  to  be,  when  the  latter  exclaimed, 
'  Look !  see  the  light ! '  At  that  instant  a  light 
was  seen  passing  and  waving,  as  if  a  lantern  were 
carried  by  some  person  along  a  vessel's  deck. 
Then  it  sunk  from  view.  Half  a  minute  may 
have  elapsed,  when  the  whole  firmament  was 
lighted  by  a  fiery  glow,  a  burning  mast  with  its 
sails  was  seen  in  the  air,  the  whole  harbor  was 
momentarily  illuminated,  the  awful  explosion 
came  and  a  darkness  like  that  of  doom  succeeded. 
The  whole  was  over  in  less  than  a  minute,  the 
flame,  the  quaking  of  towers,  the  reeling  of  ships, 
and  even  the  bursting  of  shells,  of  which  most  fell 
in  the  water,  though  some  lodged  on  the  rocks. 

1  Stewart  and  Decatur,  who  were  bidding  him  farewell. 


THE  WAR  OF  1812-14. 


11 


The  firing  ceased,  and  from  that  instant  Tripoli 
passed  the  night  in  a  stillness  as  profound  as  that 
in  which  the  victims  of  this  explosion  have  lain 
from  that  fatal  hour  to  this." 

,  Whether  Somers  purposely  blew  up  the 
"  Intrepid  "  to  prevent  capture,  whether  the 
explosion  was  accidental,  or  whether  it  was 
a  hot  shot  from  a  Moorish  gun  is  a  question 
that  will  never  be  answered,  for  he  and  his 
four  devoted  shipmates  perished  in  the 
disaster. 


CHAPTEE     VIII. 

THE    WAR    OF    1812-14. 

The  prosperity  of  the  United  States  after 
the  achievement  of  their  independence  was 
interrupted  by  the  war  between  England 
and  France,  during  the  career  of  Napoleon 
Bonaparte.  Those  nations  declared  each 
other's  ports  to  be  in  a  state  of  blockade, 
which  closed  them  against  American  com- 
merce. The  British  government  demanded 
the  "  right  of  search,"  to  take  from  American 
vessels,  sailors,  claimed  to  be  of  English  birth, 
and  impress  them  into  the  English  service. 
The  American  people  demanded  "  free  trade 
and  sailors'  rights,"  and  the  outrages  perpe- 
trated were  so  great  that  America  insisted 
upon  a  surrender  of  the  British  claim  of 
search.  The  government  of  the  United 
States  refused  to  negotiate  on  the  subject,  and 
an  embargo  was  laid  upon  all  ships  in  Amer- 
ican ports. 

In  all,  three  thousand  American  sailors, 
who  were,  or  were  claimed  to  be,  of  British 
'  birth,  were  impressed  into  the  British  navy ; 
and  many  hundreds  of  Irish  emigrants  on 
their  way  to  the  United  States  were  taken 
from  their  ships,  upon  which  they  were  sail- 
ing on  the  high  seas,  and  compelled  to  serve 
on  British  decks  as  marines. 

The  crowning  act  was  committed  ou  June 
22, 1807j  when  the  British  frigate  "  Leopard,'' 
without  warning,  fired   into   the   American 


man-of-war  "  Chesapeake,"  disabled  her  and 
took  from  among  her  crew  four  men,  on  the 
charge  that  they  were  deserters  from  a  Brit- 
ish ship.  Congress  passed  the  Embargo  and 
Non-Intercourse  Acts,  which  were  retaliatory 
measures  designed  to  stop  commerce  between 
the  United  States  and  Great  Britain.  The 
Democrats,  who  favored  a  declaration  of  war, 
elected  Madison  President,  for  whom  New 
Jersey  gave  her  electoral  vote.  The  conspir- 
acy of  Governor  Craig,  of  Canada,  and  the 
British  ministry  to  induce  the  New  England 
States  to  secede  from  the  Union,  by  aggra- 
vating the  discontent  which  they,  the  great 
ship-owning  and  commercial  section  of  the 
nation,  felt  because  of  the  prostration  of  that 
interest,  was  revealed  by  John  Henry,  and 
on  June  4,  1812,  war  was  declared  by  Con- 
gress. 

The  prevailing  sentiment  in  New  Jersey 
favored  peace  if  it  could  be  had  with  honor, 
but  it  did  not  flinch  from  the  ci-isis  that  Eng- 
land precipitated.  On  January  9th,  five 
months  before  the  declaration  of  war,  Sam- 
uel Pennington,  of  Essex  County,  introduced 
in  the  House  of  Assembly  a  preamble  and 
resolutions,  reciting  the  grievances  of  the 
country,  and  adding, — 

"  That  in  case  the  government  of  the  United 
States  shall  eventually  determine  to  resist  by 
force  the  lawless  aggressions  committed  by  the 
British  nation  on  the  persons  and  property  of  our 
citizens,  this  Legislature,  in  behalf  of  themselves 
and  the  citizens  of  New  Jersey,  whose  representa- 
tives they  are,  pledge  themselves  to  the  nation  to 
render  to  the  general  government  all  the  aid,  as- 
sistance and  support  in  their  power,  and  will,  with 
all  readiness,  perform  all  the  duties  required  of 
them  in  the  prosecution  of  a  war  undertaken  for 
the  common  defence  and  general  welfare." 

On  November  16th  an  order  calling  out 
the  militia  was  issued,  and  among  those  who 
tendered  the  services  of  their  companies  was 
Captain  Pissant,  of  Woodbury.  No  other 
organization  is  reported  at  that  time  as  com- 
ing from  Gloucester  County,  but  it  seems 
that  many  Gloucester  men  were  enrolled  in 


78 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


companies  formed  at  Salem,  and  that  they 
were  commanded  by  Captains  Tuft,  William 
Ray,  Freas  and  Garrison. 

Altogether  New  Jersey  had  about  four 
thousand  men  under  arms  during  this  war. 
They  were  in  service  generally  three  months ; 
five  hundred  at  Fort  Richmond,  on  Staten 
Island  ;  other  detachments  at  Paulus  Hook 
and  Marcus  Hook,  and  still  others  along  the 
Delaware  River.  The  State  was  not  the 
theatre  of  any  military  operations,  but  pre- 
cautionary measures  were  taken  in  case  the 
British  should  attempt  an  invasion  by  way 
of  the  Delaware,  which  was  frequently 
threatened  by  the  presence  of  her  fleets 
along  the  coast.  In  1814  a  brigade  of 
militia,  under  command  of  General  Eben- 
ezer  Elmer,  was  stationed  at  Billingsport, 
from  whence  it  observed  the  movements  of  a 
small  British  schooner,  which  occasionally 
came  into  the  river.  Forty  or  fifty  of  these 
landsmen  chartered  another  schooner,  and, 
putting  themselves  under  the  direction  of  a 
dragoon  officer,  who  had  been  a  sailor,  they 
put  oif  to  attack  the  foe.  Unluckily,  the 
water  was  so  rough  that  all  hands,  except  the 
captain  and  a  few  others,  were  driven  below 
by  sea-sickness ;  but  even  thus  disabled,  he 
gave  chase  to  the  British  vessel,  which 
crowded  on  canvas  and  put  out  to  sea, 
though  she  could  easily  have  captured  her 
pursuer. 

In  the  latter  part  of  1813,  as  several  small 
coasters  were  sailing  around  Cape  May  from 
the  Delaware  River,  bound  for  Egg  Harbor, 
they  came  in  contact  with  a  British  armed 
schooner  lying  off  the  Cape.  She  chased 
and  captured  the  sloop  "  New  Jersey,"  from 
Mays  Landing,  which  was  manned  by  the 
master.  Captain  Burton,  and  two  hands. 
Having  placed  on  board  as  prize-master  a 
young  midshipman,  with  three  men  (two 
Englishmen  and  an  Irishman),  she  ordered 
the  sloop  to  follow  her,  and  made  chase  for 
the  other  vessels.  As  they  neared  Egg  Har- 
bor, the  approach  of  night  compelled  her  to 


desist  from  the  chase,  and  she  then  put  about 
for  the  Cape.  The  sloop  followed,  but  made 
little  headway,  the  midshipman  in  command 
being  an  indifferent  seaman,  and  he  finally 
ordered  Burton  to  take  the  helm  and  head 
for  Cape  May.  Burton  designedly  held  the 
sloop  off  and  on  during  the  night,  so  that 
when  morning  dawned  they  were  off  the 
mouth  of  Great  Egg  Harbor.  Burton  pro- 
fessed ignorance  of  his  whereabouts,  and  the 
puzzled  British  middy  sent  one  man  aloft  as 
a  look-out,  while  he  went  below  with  another 
to  study  the  charts,  leaving  one  of  the  prize- 
crew  on  deck  with  the  Americans.  The  lat- 
ter made  this  man  prisoner,  secured  the  look- 
out as  he  came  down  from  the  masthead, 
locked  the  midshipman  and  his  companion 
in  the  cabin,  and  thus  recaptured  their  vessel, 
which  they  sailed  to  Somers  Point,  where 
they  turned  their  captives  over  to  an  Ameri- 
can officer.  The  midshipman  was  exchanged, 
the  two  Englishmen  went  to  work  in  the 
neighborhood  and  the  Irishman  enlisted  in 
the  United  States  navy. 

The  heroic  Captain  James  Lawrence,  so 
greatly  distinguished  in  this  war,  though 
born  in  Burlington,  obtained  much  of  his 
education  at  the  academy  in  Woodbury,  where 
he  studied  navigation  with  Samuel  Webs]ter.' 
For  two  years  he  read  law  with  his  brother 
John,  who  was  a  leading  practitioner  at  the 
Gloucester  bar,  but  left  his  office  in  1798  to 
accept  a  midshipman's  commission  in  the 
navy.  Mickle;  in  his  "  Reminiscences  of  Old 
Gloucester,"  relates  that  he  was  told  by  a 
friend  who  met  Lawrence  at  English's  Ferry, 
in  Camden,  at  the  opening  of  the  war,  that 
the  latter  remarked  with  much  warmth,  in 
alluding  to  the  attack  of  the  "  Leopard  "  upon 
the " Chesapeake : "  "I  shall  never  sleep  sound 
until  that  stain  is  washed  from  the  '  Chesa- 
peake's '  decks."  Perhaps  he  had  this  deed 
of  vengeance  in  mind  when  he  was  promoted 

1  Commodore  Stephen  Decatur  was  also  a  pupil  at 
this  school,  and  during  his  academic  terms  in  Wood- 
bury resided  with  the  West  family,  at  the  Buck  Tavern. 


THE  WAR  OF  1812-14. 


79 


to  the  command  of  the  "  Chesapeake,"  and,  on 
June  1,  1813,  accepted  the  challenge  of  Cap- 
tain Broke,  of  the  British  frigate  "  Shannon," 
to  the  combat  off  the  Massachusetts  coast. 
Going  into  action  with  an  unprepared  ship 
and  a  raw  crew,  he  suffered  a  terrible  defeat 
and  lost  his  own  life.  As  they  bore  him 
down  the  hatchway,  bleeding  to  death,  he 
gave,  in  feeble  voice,  his  last  heroic  order — 
ever  afterward  the  motto  of  the  American 
man-o'-war's  man — "  Don't  give  up  the  ship." 
On  the  previous  24th  of  February,  while 
commanding  the  "  Hornet,"  he  had  captured 
the  British  sloop-of-war  "  Peacock  "  on  the 
South  American  coast,  and  had  won  the  plau- 
dits of  the  nation. 

New  Jeesfa'  Militia. — The  army  of 
the  United  States  previous  to  1808  num- 
bered only  three  thousand  men,  but  the  same 
year  the  force  was  increased  to  six  thousand. 
In  January,  1812,  Congress  had  directed  a 
force  of  twenty-five  thousand  to  be  raised,  so 
that  the  entire  number  authorized  by  law 
now  exceeded  thirty-five  thousand,  including 
the  officers,  and  consisted  of  twenty-five  reg- 
iments of  infantry,  three  of  artillery,  two  of 
light  artillery,  two  of  dragoons  and  two  rifle 
regiments.  In  addition  to  this,  the  President 
was  authorized  to  accept  the  services  of  any 
number  of  volunteers  not  exceeding  fifty 
thousand,  who  were  to  be  armed  and  equipped 
by  the  United  States  ;  and  a  similar  author- 
ity was  given  to  him  to  call  upon  the  Gover- 
nors of  States  for  detachments  of  militia,  the 
whole  of  which  was  not  to  exceed  one  hioi- 
dred  thousand. 

Aaron  Ogden,  Governor  of  New  Jersey, 
issued  his  proclamation  calling  for  volunteers 
to  garrison  fortifications  and  for  coast  defense. 
In  answer  to  this  call,  Gloucester  County 
responded  with  eleven  full  companies  of 
troops,  of  which  one  was  independent,  eight 
were  attached  to  Brigadier-General  Ebenezer 
Elmer's  brigade  of  detailed  militia  and  were 
assigned  to  Colonel  Joshua  Howell's  regi- 
ment.    They  were  stationed  at  Billingsport, 


Cape  May  and  Port  Elizabeth.  Two  full 
companies— one  of  infantry  and  the  other  of 
artillery — were  assigned  to  the  defense  of  the 
sea-coast  from  New  York  Harbor  to  Cape  May, 
and  as  occasion  demanded,  were  detached  to 
protect  any  and  all  points  along  the  sea-coast. 


UNIFOBJ[ED    SOLDIERS    IN    1812. 

The  territory  embraced  in  Atlantic  and 
Cape  May  Counties,  since  taken  from  Glou- 
cester, sent  out  its  quota  of  volunteers  who  took 
a  prominent  part  in  inland  and  coast  protec- 
tion,and  as  all  the  troops  herein  appended  were 
accredited  to  Gloucester  Connty,it  is  inijiossible 
to  c!ollect  and  assign  the  troops  to  the  several 
counties,  as  upon  the  original  rolls,  now  in 
the  office  of  the  acljutant-general  in  Trenton 
(and  from  wliich  these  lists  were  copied),  each 
and  all  the  companies  are  mentioned  only  as 
from  Gloucester  County. 

The  fir.st  full  company  to  offer  its  services 
to  Governor  Ogden  was  that  of  Captain  Jt)hn 
Cade. 

The  name  of  Captain  John  Cade  is  yet 
well  remembered  by  many  citizens  of  Glou- 
cester, Camden  and  Atlantic  Counties  ;  for 


80 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


many  years  he  was  court-crier  and  jail-keeper 
at  Woodbury  and  took  a  prominent  part  in 
ttie  military  organizations  of  the  county. 
His  son,  Thomas  Jefferson  Cade,  "the 
drummer-boy  of  Billingsport,"  was  attached 
to  his  company  and  at  this  date,  1886,  is  an 
honored  official  in  the  clerk's  office  in  Wood- 
bury. 

An  Independent  Company  of  New 
Jersey  Militia. — Captain  John  Cade  was 
placed  on  duty  at  Billingsport  and  assigned 
to  Major  William  Potter's  detacliment.  This 
company  was  enrolled  July  14,  1813,  and 
discharged  September  30,  1813.  The  fol- 
lowing is  its  rank  and  file  : 

Captain. 
John  Cade. 
Lieutenants. 
Zephaniah  Steelman.        Joseph  Bright. 

Sergeants. 
William  Thompson.  Jacob  Featherer. 

John  M.  Gibson.  David  Ewings. 

Thomas  Fulton. 

Corporals. 

Samuel  Avis.  George  Floyd. 

James  Milsom.  Samuel  Leapoutt. 

Drummer. 

Thomas  Jefferson  Cade. 

Fifer. 

William  Allen. 

Privates. 


James  Andrews. 
Ware  Askill. 
Nathaniel  Ashmore. 
Jacob  Adams. 
.John  Alloway. 
Joseph  Atkinson. 
Zedekiah  Barber. 
Abraham  Bacon. 
George  Burket. 
Joseph  Bozorth. 
Luke  Braning. 
George  Bosier. 
Thomas  Bosier. 
Henry  Crowell. 
Isaac  Crawford. 
William  Cahala. 
James  Crawford. 
Henry  Craven. 
James  Cunningham. 
Joseph  Cairl. 


William  Delap. 
Jacob  Dilks. 
Joseph  Doty. 
Henry  Daniels. 
James  Duble. 
Jonathan  Dougherty. 
David  Evans. 
John  Epley. 
Nicholas  Elberson. 
Jacob  Fox. 
John  Finnemore. 
William  Finnemore. 
Samuel  Fagan. 
Annias  Gant. 
Joseph  Groff. 
William  Grant. 
Solomon  Gaskel. 
Seth  Homan. 
John  Hoshiu. 
William  Holmes,  Jr. 


Abraham  Hewlings. 
Daniel  Holland. 
Joseph  Hilyard. 
Amos  Ireland.- 
Hezekiah  Ireland. 
William  .Jacobs. 
William  Leonard,  Jr. 
David  Lock. 
Benjamin  Lord. 
Abijah  Leaming. 
Methusala  Lupton. 
William  Milson. 
James  Milson,  Jr. 
Thomas  Milson. 
Eber  Mcllvain. 
John  Miller. 
James  Mallet. 
John  Morris. 
Cyrus  Middleton. 
Eli  Mather. 
Charles  McGee. 


James  McNenney, 
Robert  Nelson. 
Joseph  Powell. 
Joseph  Pancoast. 
Christopher  Slim. 
David  Stibbins. 
George  Simkins. 
.Joseph  Shute. 
Samuel  Saxton. 
Samuel  Simson. 
William  Simson. 
James  A.  Tice. 
William  Tice. 
Ephraim  Taylor. 
Benjamin  Taylor. 
David  Thomas. 
Jacob  Thompkins. 
James  Vennel. 
Nicholas  Vansant. 
Venable   Wallace. 
Aaron  Wonderlin. 


Total :  Three  commissioned  officers,  ninety- 
one  enlisted  men. 

Captain    John    R.    Scull's  Company 
was  organized  April  14,  1814.     The  officers 
were  commissioned  May  6,  1814  ;  was  called 
a  volunteer  company   of  the  First  Battalion, 
First   Regiment,  Gloucester    Brigade.      The 
troops  were  enrolled  May  25, 1814,  and  were 
discharged  February  12,  1815.     The  follow- 
ing is  the  rank  and  file  of  this  company  : 
Captain. 
John  R.  Scull. 
First  Lieutenant. 
Lawrence  Scull. 
Second  Lieutenant. 

Levi  Holbert. 

Third  Lieutenant 

Job  Frambes. 

Ensign. 

Samuel  Risley. 

First    Sergeant. 

David  Frambes. 

Sergeants. 

Zachariah  Dole.     Samuel  Lake. 

Israel  Scull.  Richard  I.  Somers. 

Corporah. 
John  Pine.  Isaac  Robinson. 

Thomas  Reeves. 

Drummer. 

Robert  Risley. 

Fifer. 

James  M.  Gifford. 


THE  WAE  OP  1812-14. 


81- 


James  Adams. 
Jeremiah  Adams. 
Jonas  Adams. 
Solomon  Adams. 
Jacob  Albertson. 
John  Barber. 
David  E.  Bartlett. 
John  Beaston. 
Andrew  Blackman. 
Andrew  B.  Blackman. 
Thomas  Blackman. 
Derestius  Booy. 
Joseph  H.  Booy. 
James  Burton. 
Jesse  Chamberlain. 
Jesse  Chambers. 
Enoch  Champion. 
John  Champion. 
Joel  Clayton. 
John  Clayton. 
Absalom  Cordery. 
Samuel  Delancy. 
James  Doughty. 
Enoch  Doughty. 
John  Doughty. 
Daniel  Edwards. 
Daniel  English. 
Hosea  English. 
Aaron  Frambes. 
Andrew  Frambes. 
Stephen  Gauslin. 
Andrew  Godfrey. 
Andrew  Hickman. 
Ebenezer  Holbert. 
Clement  Ireland. 
David  Ireland. 
Elijah  Ireland. 
Job  Ireland. 
Thomas  Ireland. 
Andrew  Jeffers. 
Daniel  Jeffers. 
Evin  Jeffers. 
Nicholas  Jeffers. 
John  Jeffers. 
William  Jeffers. 
Enoch  Laird. 
David  Lee.  t 

Jesse  Marshall. 
Daniel  Mart. 
John  Mart. 
Richard  Morris. 


David  Price. 
John  Price,  Sr. 
John  Price,  Jr. 
John  Riggins. 
Jeremiah  Risley,  Sr. 
Jeremiah  Risley,  Jr. 
Nathaniel  Risley. 
Peter  Risley. 
Richard  Risley. 
John  Robarts. 
John  Robinson. 
Andrew  Scull. 
David  Scull. 
John  S.  Scull. 
Joseph  Scull. 
Richard  Scull. 
Damon  Somers. 
Edmund  Somers. 
Isaac  Somers. 
James  Somers. 
John  J.  Somers. 
John  S.  Somers. 
Joseph  Somers. 
Mark  Somers. 
Nicholas  Somers. 
Samuel  Somers. 
Thomas  Somers. 
Abel  Smith. 
Enoch  Smith. 
Isaac  Smith. 
Jacob  Smith. 
Jesse  Smith. 
Zophar  Smith. 
David  Steelman. 
Elijah  Steelman. 
Francis  Steelman. 
Frederick  Steelman. 
James  Steelman. 
Jesse  Steelman. 
Peter  C.  Steelman. 
Reed  Steelman. 
Samuel  Steelman. 
Daniel  Tilton. 
James  Town  send. 
.Taphet  Townsend, 
Joel  Vansant. 
Joseph  Wilkins. 
Martin  Wilsey. 
John  Winner. 
Joseph  Winner. 


Captain  Egbert  Smith's  Artillery 
Company  was  enrolled  May  1, 1814,  and  was 
attached  to  the  Second  Battalion,  Third  Reg- 
iment, Gloucester  Brigade,  and  discharged 
February  19,  1815.  The  following  was  the 
rank  and  file : 

Captain. 

Robert  Smith. 

First  Lieutenant. 

Joseph  Endicott. 

Second  Lieutenant. 

John  Endicott. 

First  Sergeant. 

William  Endicott. 

Sergeants. 

Levi  Smallwood.  Nehemiah  Morse. 

Joseph  Kindle.  James  Smith. 

Corporals. 
Daniel  Kindle,  Sr.  Malcolm  McCollum. 


Joseph  Shores. 


Joseph  Johnson. 


Total:  Five    commissioned    officers,    one 
hundred  and  twelve  enlisted  men. 
11 


Evy  Adams. 
John  Adams. 
Thomas  Adams. 
Joab  Bates. 
Joseph  Bell. 
William  Bennett. 
James  Blackman. 
John  Bowen. 
Joseph  Bowen. 
John  Brewer. 
Joshua  Burnet. 
George  Clifton. 
Absalom  Conover. 
Adam  Conover. 
Eliakim  Conover. 
James  Conover. 
Job  Conover. 
John  Conover. 
Josiah  Conover. 
Micajah  Conover. 
Peter  Conover. 
Somers  Conover. 
William  Conover. 
Daniel  Cordery. 
Edmund  Cordery. 
Samuel  Delap. 
Abner  Doughty. 


Samuel  McCollum. 

Drummers. 

Reuben  Mathis. 

Fifer. 
Leed  Risley. 
Privates. 

John  Doughty. 
Nathaniel  Doughty. 
Thomas  Doughty. 
Benjamin  Endicott. 
Jacob  Endicott. 
Nicholas  Endicott. 
Joseph  Garwood. 
James  Giberson. 
Jesse  Giberson. 
John  Giberson. 
Huston  Grapevine. 
Aaron  Hewitt. 
Absalom  Higbee. 
Edward  Higbee. 
Enoch  Higbee. 
Daniel  Homan. 
Eli  Homan. 
David  Homan. 
Mahlon  Homan. 
Isaac  Horn. 
Daniel  Ireland. 
Vincent  Ireland. 
William  Johnson. 
Daniel  Kindle,  Jr. 
Thomas  Kindle. 
Cornelius  Leeds. 
Jesse  Leeds. 


82. 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEWJERSBY. 


Reuben  Leeds. 
Besiah  Mathis. 
Daniel  McCollum. 
Jesse  McCollum. 
John  McCollum. 
Samuel  McCollum. 
Joab  Morse 
Joshua  Morse. 
Thomas  S.  Murphy. 
Daniel  Newberry. 
Solomon  Newberry. 
Jesse  Parker. 
Eli  Eisley. 
John  Eisley. 
Daniel  Scull. 
Gideon  Scull. 
James  Scull. 
Paul  Scull. 

Gideon 


Dayid  Shores.- 
Samuel  Smallwood. 
Isaac  Smith. 
Jonathan  Smith. 
Noah  Smith. 
Joseph  Somers. 
Richard  Somers. 
William  Somers. 
Benjamin  Sooy. 
Nicholas  Sooy. 
Samuel  Sooy. 
Reed  Steelman. 
Eli  Strickland. 
John  Strickland. 
Samuel  Strickland. 
Aaron  Thomas. 
John  Turner. 
Vincent  Weeks. 
Willdon. 


Total :  Three  officers,  one  hundred  and  four 
enlisted  men. 

General  Elmer's  Brigade. — The  fol- 
lowing is  the  roster  of  the  field  and  staff  of 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Howell's  regiment,  to 
which  the  following-mentioned  companies 
were  assigned.  The  roster  of  each  of  the 
eight  companies  of  Elmer's  brigade  are  ap- 
pended. They  were  copied  from  the  original 
rolls  in  the  office  of  Adjutant-General  Stry  ker, 

at  Trenton  : 

Lieutenant-  Colonel. 
Joshua  L.  Howell,  Sept.  7,  '14,  disch.  Dec.  22,  '14. 

Majors. 
Mahlon  Davis,  Sept.  7,  '14,  died  Nov.  17,  '14. 
Samuel  Seagraves,  Sept.  26,  '14,  disch.  Jan.  6,  '15. 

Lieutenant  and  Adjutant. 
Josiah  Matlack,  Sept.  23,  '14,  disch.  Dec.  22,  '14. 

Lieutenants  and  Quartermasters. 
Thomas  R.  Denny,  Sept.  21,'14,  disch.  Sept.  29,'14. 
Thomas  Bradway,  Sept.  30,'14,  disch.  Dec.  22,  '14. 

Pay-Master. 
John  Clement,  Sept.  31,  '14,  disch.  Jan.  6,  '15. 

Surgeon. 
Jeremiah  J.  Foster,  Sept.  26,  '14,  disch.  Jan.  6,'16. 

Surgeon's  Mates. 
Moses  Bateman,  Jr.,  Sept.  25,  '14,  died  Nov.  7,  '14. 
Edmond  Sheppard,  Nov.  8,  '14,  disch.  Jan.  6,  '15. 

Wagon  Master. 
James  Miller,  Nov.  27,  '14,  disch.  Jan.  7,  '15. 


NON-COMMISSIONED  STAFF. 

Sergeant- Major. 
Evan  C.  Clement,  Sept.  23,  '14,  disch.  Dec.  22,  '14, 

Quartermaster-Sergeant. 
Benjamin  Nichols,  Sept.  26,  '14,  disch.  Jan.  6,  '16. 

Drum-Major. 
Joseph  PurHl,  Jr.,  Sept.  26,  '14,  disch.  Dec.  22,'14. 

Fife-Major. 
Clement  R.  Cory,  Sept.  26,  '14,  disch.  Dec.  22,  '14. 

Total,  fifteen. 

Captain  Thomas  Wescoat's  Company 
was  enrolled  September  21,  1814,  discharged 
January  4,  1815,  was  stationed  at  Billings- 
port.  The  following  was  the  rank  and  file 
of  the  company  : 

Captain. 

Thomas  Wescoat. 

Lieutenant. 

Arthur  Wescoat. 

Ensign. 
Solomon  Adams. 


John  Johnson. 
James  Smith. 

Simon  Morgan. 
Samuel  Pettitt. 


Sergeants. 

James  Wiltse. 

John  Hosking. 
Corporals. 

Edward  Dans, 

Daniel  Veal. 


Privates. 


George  Adams. 
Noah  Adams. 
Robert  Ashcraft. 
Elijah  Barett. 
Richard  Barrett. 
Edward  Beebe. 
Joseph  Beebe. 
William  Bennet. 
Daniel  Berry. 
David  Campbell. 
Nathaniel  Carver, 
William  Clark. 
Edmund  Cordeary. 
Jacob  Cox. 
Michael  Garvette. 
Daniel  Giberson, 
John  Hickman, 
Major  Higbee. 
Edward  Hooper, 
James  Hughes. 
George  Irelon. 
John  Johnson,  Jr. 
James  Jones. 

Isaac 


Robert  Leeds, 
Charles  Lord. 
John  Murphy. 
John  Peterson. 
Jesse  Platts. 
George  Poyier. 
Samuel  Read, 
Daniel  Rose. 
Daniel  Smith. 
John  I.  Smith. 
John  Smith. 
Steelman  Smith. 
Elijah  Steelman, 
Isaac  Steelman. 
John  Stewart. 
David  Stibbins, 
S;ii  Stricklin. 
Abraham  Toiler. 
John  Turner, 
Daniel  Vanneman, 
David  Veal. 
James  Wiley. 
Booze  Wilkius. 
Yates, 


THE  WAK  OP  1812-14. 


83 


Total:  Three  commissioned  officers,  fifty- 
five  enlisted  men. 

Captaik  Richard  W.  Cheeseman's 
COMPASTY  of  detailed  militia  was  stationed 
at  Billingsport.  It  was  enrolled  September 
22, 1814,  and  discharged  December  16, 1814. 
The  following  was  the  rank  and  file  : 

Captain. 

Richard  W.  Cheeseman. 

Lieutenant. 

James  Bakley. 

E/nsign. 
Jacob  Conrow. 

Sergeants. 
John  Wolohon.  John  Armitage. 

Samuel  Hewitt.  Christopher  Sickler. 

Corporals. 
John  Watson,  Jr.  Jacob  Cramer. 

Thomas  Fulton.  Henry  ZuUcer. 

Drummer. 
Isaiah  Dill. 

Fifer. 
William  Killium. 


Privates. 
Nehemiah  Beebe. 
Elijah  Britton. 
Joseph  Britton. 
Arthur  H.  Brown. 
Thomas  Brown. 
Wesley  Brown. 
Isaac  Bryan. 
Job  Burloe. 
John  Cheeseman. 
Bichard  G.  Cheeseman, 
Samuel  Cheeseman. 
Joseph  Dilks. 
M'duke  Dukemenier. 
Peter  Dunn. 
James  English. 
Samuel  Farrow. 
Benjamin  Filar. 
David  Fisher. 
William  Ford. 
Osman  Garrison, 
Hudson  Grapewine. 
William  Grapewine. 
Daniel  Hagerty. 
William  Hewet.. 
Joseph  W.  Hillman. 
John  Jones. 
Jonathan  Kendall. 


William  Leslie. 
Cromwell  Lewis. 
David  Matlack. 
Josiah  Mickel. 
Joseph  Morgan. 
Bandall  Morgan. 
Joshua  Owen. 
Enos  Parker. 
Cornelius  Peas. 
Josiah  Peas. 
Anthony  Pettit. 
Jonathan  Pine. 
William  Bandall. 
John  Bobertson. 
William  Bowand. 
Samuel  Eudrow. 
Samuel  Slim. 
David  Tice. 
James  A.  Tice. 
John  Wallins. 
James  Warrick. 
Joseph  Watkins. 
John  Webber. 
Joseph  Wiley. 
Thomas  Williams. 
John  Zulkes. 


Total:  Three  commissioned  officers  and 
sixty-three  enlisted  men. 

Captain  Jesse  C.  Chew's  Company  was 
stationed  at  Billingsport.  It  was  enrolled  Sep- 
tember 23,  1814,  and  discharged  December 
20,  1814.  The  following  was  the  rank  and 
file: 

Captain. 
Jesse  C.  Chew. 

Lieutenant. 
John  Smith. 

Sergeants. 
John  Nelson.  William  Thompson. 

Charles  Brookfleld.  Sparks  Mcllvain, 

Corporals. 
Isaac  Paul.  Samuel  White. 

Joseph  Mullen.  George  Sherwin. 

Drummer. 
James  Crawford. 


Privates 
Abel  Ashead. 
Samuel  Baxter. 
Elijah  Blake. 
David  Bowers. 
Israel  Brown. 
Thomas  Burrough. 
John  Carpenter. 
Jeremiah  Carter. 
Samuel  Carrtar. 
Kendall  Cole. 
John  Connelly,  Jr. 
William  Connelly. 
James  Corneal. 
Charles  Cozens. 
Barnes  Crawford. 
Jacob  Dilks. 
Samuel  Dilks. 
Samuel  Dilks,  Jr. 
Jonathan  Fowler. 
Franklin  B.  Frost. 
James  Gant. 
Joel  Heritage. 


Isaac  Hews. 
David  Hurst. 
Isaac  Jackson. 
Matthias  Kay. 
John  Mcllvain. 
Daniel  McFee. 
Samuel  Mitten. 
Beuben  MuUeij. 
Henry  Myers. 
James  Park. 
Ward  Park. 
William  Peterson. 
John  Piles. 
Bobert  Pike. 
Isaac  Price. 
James  Seeds. 
John  Sharp. 
William  Sharp. 
George  Simpkins. 
Joseph  Thomson. 
Edward  Thornton. 
John  Wills. 


Total :  Two  commissioned  officers  and  fifty- 
three  enlisted  men. 

Captain  Robebt  L.  Armstrong's  Com- 
pany was  enrolled  September  26, 1814,  and 
discharged  December  22,  1814.  It  was 
stationed  at  Billingsport  and  afterwards  at 
Cape  May.  The  following  was  the  rank  and 
file: 


84 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COtJNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Captain. 
Eobert  L.  Armstrong. 

First  Lieutenant. 
Samuel  L.  Howell. 

Second  Lieutenant. 
Randall  Sparks. 

Ensign. 
Henry  Roe,  Jr. 

Sergeants. 
William  Hugg.  John  Learmouth. 

Jacob  Madera.  Matthias  Barton. 

Corporals. 
Nathan  Thomson.  John  Mickle. 

Benjamin  Darlington.      John  D.  Watson. 

Privates. 

Edward  Andrews.  Charles  Kinsenger. 

Thomas  Ashbrook.  John  Matlack. 

Thomas  Ayres.  James  G.  Moysten. 

Benjamin  Bartlett.  Somers  Owen. 

William  Batt.  Charles  Page. 

Charles  D.  Branson.  David  Pierce. 

Gideon  Burroughs.  Amasa  Pew. 

John  Burroughs.  Thomas  Pawlings. 

Jonas  Cattell.  Joseph  Richards. 

Robert  Chatham.  Thomas  Richards. 

Samuel  Cheeseman.  John  Roberts. 

Samuel  E.  Clement.  Robert  Roe. 

Job  Coles.  William  Roe. 

Samuel  Coles.  William  H.  Ross. 

Edward  Cox.  William  Rutor. 

James  Cox.  William  Scott. 

Charles  Crump.  Jacob  Sears. 

Henry  Davis.  Benjamin  Shreeve. 

James  Dorman.  Simon  Sparks. 

John  Dunaway.  Joseph  Stirling. 

Independence  Ellis.  Samuel  C.  Thackray. 

Jacob  Ellis.  Cornelius  Tice. 

Jacob  Fifer.  Joseph  Townsend. 

John  M.  Gibson.  Daniel  Vanneman. 

Isaac  Hewett.  James  Ward. 

Jacob  S.  Howell.  Davis  Watson. 

Joseph  Hugg.  Samuel  W.  Whitecar. 

Simeon  James.  Aaron  Wilkins. 

Jonathan  Kenney.  Charles  Wilkins. 

Total :  four  commissioued  officers,  sixty- 
six  enlisted  men. 

Captain  Jonathan  Lippincott's  Com- 
pany was  enrolled  September  26,  1814,  and 
discharged  December  16,  1814  ;  stationed  at 
Billingsport.  The  following  was  the  rank 
and  file  : 


Captain. 

Jonathan  Lippincott. 

Lieutenant. 

William  Madara. 

Ensign. 

Stephen  S.  Vanzant. 

Sergeants. 

Samuel  Hendrickson.    Charles  Wood. 

Daniel  Key.  Samuel  Lock. 

Gorporah. 
David  Burk.  Jacob  Mayers. 

John  Madara.  Abraham  Gaskill. 

Drummer. 
John  Holmes, 

Mfer. 
Thomas  Riley. 
Privates. 
John  Archer.  Abner  Luallen. 

John  Barber.  Job  B.  Monroe. 

John  Burch.  William  Nugent. 

Jacob  Cam.  John  Powell. 

James  Clark.  James  Price. 

Maskill  Clark.  Jacob  Price. 

Walter  W.  Day.  John  Pullen. 

Jonathan  Dilks.  James  Reynolds. 

Jonathan  Eldridge.  William  P.  Reynolds. 

John  Fisher.  Henry  Rulon. 

Samuel  Garrison.  William  Russell. 

Abraham  Glause.  Charles  Schweily. 

William  Griscom.  Joseph  Sims. 

Joseph  Groff.  Philip  Snailbaoker. 

Richman  P.  Gurna,l.  Frederick  Steel. 

Thomas  Hand.  John  Stow. 

George  Heisler.  Gabriel  Strong. 

Ezra  Hendrickson.  Isaac  Thomson. 

Peter  Homan.  Thomas  Vaughn. 

Andrew  Jenkins.  William  Walker. 

Joseph  Keen.  Christopher  Whitacar. 

Samuel  Keen.  Elijah  Wood. 

Ezekiel  Look.  Christian  Yenser. 

Isaac  Lloyd.  John  E.  Younker. 

Total :  Three  commissioned  officers,  fifty- 
eight  enlisted  men. 

Artillery    Company    commanded  by 

Captain  Enoch  Gabb.     It   was   stationed  at 

Billingsport;  enrolled  September  26,1814, 

and  discharged  December  22,  1814.     The 

following  was  the  rank  and  file  : 

Captain. 

Enoch  Gabb. 

Second  Lieutenant, 

Stephen  Miller. 


THE  WAR  OF  1812-14. 


85 


Sergeants. 
James  Harker.  Ebenezer  Turner. 

Corporals, 
Henry  Kigir.  Ezekiel  Weeks. 

Drummer. 
William  Shillings. 
Rfer. 
Eobert  Davis. 
Privates. 
Thomas  Bates.  James  Reeves. 

John  Derrickson.  Anthony  Riley. 

Benjamin  Hewlings.         William  Shoulders. 
Aaron  Hews.  George  Shute. 

John  Johnson.  Zephaniah  Weeks. 

Noah  Kates.  Moses  Wilson. 

James  Miller,  Jr.  Gideon  Ziern. 

John  Pricket. 

Total :  Two  commissioned  officers,  twenty- 
one  enlisted  men. 

Captain  Peter  Soudee's  Company  of 
detailed  militia  was  stationed  at  Billings- 
port.  It  was  enrolled  September  27,  1814, 
and  discharged  December  21,  1814.  The 
following  was  its  rank  and  file  : 

Captain, 
Peter  Souder. 

Ideutenttnt. 

Joseph  Lippincott. 

Unsign. 

William  Allen. 

Sergeants. 

Thomas  Peterson.  Erasmus  Morton. 

Dodo  Peterson.  Philip  Curiden. 

Corporals. 
Andrew  Cole.  Elwen  Cliffin. 

Lawrence  Lippincott.   John  Sparks. 
Drummer. 
Benjamin  Lippincott. 
Fifer. 
Henry  Webber. 
Privates. 
Daniel  Adams.  William  Currideu. 

Jonathan  Ale.  James  Demaris. 

Josiah  Ale.  Linnick  Dilmore. 

Samuel  Beaver.  William  Dilworth. 

Moses  Bidel.  Lemuel  Dougherty. 

James  Boon.  David  Dubois. 

Daniel  Carter.  John  Dufl'ey, 

Oliver  Combs.  Samuel  Dunlap. 

George  Coombs.  William  Dunn. 

•  Joseph  Curriden.  Jacob  Ebright. 


David  Ewens. 
Charles  Fithian. 
Lewis  Fransway. 
John  Glauden. 
Peter  Harris. 
Francis  Holeton. 
John  Holeton. 
William  Holeton. 
Joseph  Humphreys. 
John  Hunter. 
Charles  Lath. 
Andrew  Louback. 
Elijah  Loyd. 
Samuel  Lumley. 
Samuel  Mains. 
Hill  Mecum. 
William  Moore. 
Jacob  Nelson. 
Aaron  Padget, 
Erick  Peterson. 
Peter  Peterson. 
Jacob  Whitesele. 
Thomas  Woodnot. 


Samuel  Picken. 
John  Plummer. 
John  Reeves. 
William  Sair. 
Joseph  Sanders. 
Joseph  Sapp. 
John  Scott  (1). 
John  Scott  (2). 
Silas  Sears. 
Benjamin  Smith. 
Henry  Sparks. 
Josiah  Sparks. 
Thomas  Sparks. 
John  Spears. 
Lewis  Stombs . 
William  Straughn. 
John  Stump. 
Clark  Tracy. 
Charles  Wallen. 
Nathan  Welsh. 
Samuel  Wheaton. 
Jonathan  White. 


Henry  Zane. 

Total :  Three  commissioned  officers,  seven- 
ty-seven enlisted  men. 

Captain  William  Newton's  Company 
of  detailed  militia  was  stationed  at  Billings- 
port.  It  was  enrolled  September  29,  1814, 
and  discharged  December  22,  1814.  The 
following  was  its  rank  and  file. 

Captain. 

William  Newton. 

Lieutenant. 

John  Porter. 

Ensign. 

Michael  Stow. 

Sergeants. 

Amos  A.  Middleton.      Isaac  Vansciver. 

Isaac  Jones.  George  Hoffman. 

Corporals. 
John  Henderson.  Davis  Nichols. 

Isaiah  M.  Hannold. 


Privates. 


Benjamin  Anderson. 
William  Burns. 
John  Brannon. 
George  L.  Browning. 
Jacob  Coleman. 
Daniel  Coles. 
Henry  Earick. 
John  Fisher. 
James  Flick. 


John  Garrow. 
Joseph  Garwood. 
Samuel  Hannold. 
Jacob  Lock. 
Abraham  Mack. 
Isaac  Middleton. 
Matthew  Miller. 
Joel  Read. 
George  Roe. 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Isaac  Sage. 
Armstrong  Sapp. 
John  H.  Smallwood. 
Enoch  Smith. 
Samuel  Smith. 


Benjamin  Stow. 
John  Sutor. 
William  Sutor. 
Peter  Toy. 
James  Vennel. 


Total :  Three  commissioned  officers,  thir- 
ty-five enlisted  men.' 


CHAPTEE    IX. 

THE  WAE   WITH  MEXICO. 

During  the  administration  of  President 
Polk  (1845-49)  the  war  with  Mexico  oc- 
curred, in  consequence  of  the  adoption  by 
Congress  of  Senator  Benton's  bill  for  the 
annexation  of  Texas,  which  had  declared  its 
independence  of  Mexico  in  1833,  and  ob- 
tained its  freedom  as  the  result  of  the  battle 
of  San  Jacinto  April  21,  1836,  when  the 
Texans,  under  General  Sam  Houston,  defeated 
Santa  Anna's  Mexican  army.  The  population 
of  Texas  was  largely  made  up  of  emigrants 
from  the  United  States,  and  almost  as  soon 
as  they  had  organized  a  government  by 
electing  Houston  as  President,  they  asked  for 
admission  to  the  United  States.  They  had  to 
wait  nine  years,  however,  the  sinister  remon- 
strances and  threats  of  Mexico,  which  still 
cherished  hopes  of  regaining  her  lost  territory, 
deterring  Congress  from  acceding  to  the  ap- 
plication. But  the  Americans  crowded  so 
rapidly  into  the  new  republic  that  there 
could  be  no  question  but  that  its  future  was 
destined  to  be  united  with  that  from  which 
it  had  drawn  its  people  and  its  institutions, 
and  notwithstanding  that  the  Senate  in  1844 

1  Trenton,  Nbw  Jbrsey,  1 
Sept.  20,  1886.     / 

"  I  certify  that  the  above  list  of  soldiers  detailed 
from  the  Gloucester  County  Militia  for  service  in  (he 
War  of  1812,  and  of  soldiers  who  were  enrolled  in  the 
New  Jersey  Battalion  for  the  Mexican  War,  is  correct 
from  the  records  of  this  office. 

"  William  S.   Stryker, 
"Adjutant-General  of  New  Jersey." 


rejected  the  annexation  treaty  negotiated  by 
President  Tyler,  a  year  later  it  and  the  House 
of  Eepresentatives  were  ready  to  favorably 
answer  the  petition  of  Texas. 

Mexico  officially  announced  that  she  re- 
garded this  as  an  act  of  war,  and  by  taking 
up  arms  sacrificed  forever  her  claim  upon 
Texas,  and  was  eventually  compelled  to  con- 
firm the  conquests  of  Colonel  Philip  Kearny 
and  Colonel  John  C.  Fremont  in  New  Mexico 
and  Upper  California  by  the  session  of  those 
regions  to  the  United  States. 

The  Whigs  had  opposed  and  the  Demo- 
crats had  favored  the  annexation  of  Texas ; 
New  Jersey  had  voted  for  Henry  Clay  and 
against  Polk  for  President  in  1844  ;  and  in 
the  existing  situation  of  affiiirs  the  Whig 
majority  regarded  with  misgivings  a  war 
which  they  feared  would  result  in  the  ex- 
tension of  slavery  in  the  Southwest.  Yet  the 
quota  of  troops,  which  the  national  govern- 
ment required  the  State  to  furnish,  was  filled 
without  difficulty,  and  was  forwarded  to  Mexi- 
co in  time  to  join  in  General  Taylor's  victories 
in  1846  and  1847,  at  Palo  Alto,  Resaca  de 
la  Palma,  Monterey,  Saltillo  and  Buena 
Vista.  Then  they  joined  the  army  under 
Scott,  to  the  triumphs  at  Vera  Cruz,  Cerro 
Gordo,  Perote,  Contreras,  San  Antonio, 
Molino  del  Rey,  Cherubusco,  Chapultepec 
and  the  City  of  Mexico.  Between  May  8, 1 846, 
the  date  of  the  battle  of  Palo  Alto,  and  Sep- 
tember 7,  1847,  when  the  entry  into  the  City 
of  Mexico  was  made,  the  American  armies, 
never  counting  as  high  as  eight  thousand 
effective  men,  had  in  twenty  engagements 
never  failed  to  defeat  the  enemy,  who  were 
invariably  twice  or  thrice  their  strength  in 
numbers,  had  stormed  fortifications  supposed 
to  be  impregnable  and  utterly  vanquished  a 
foe  who  at  the  outset  of  the  war  had  affected 
to  despise  "  Los  Gringos." 

The  Jersey  commands  participating  in  these 
marvelous  campaigns  were  all,  with  one  ex- 
ception, mustered  at  Trenton  into  the  regular 
army  ;  and,  therefore,  no  record  was  kept  of 


THE  WAR  WlTli^  MEXICO. 


87 


the  place  of  their  organization,  or  of  the  resi- 
dence of  individual  recruits.  The  rosters 
presented  in  the  office  of  the  adjutant-general 
at  Trenton  merely  show  names  and  assign- 
ments to  companies  or  regiments,  rendering 
it  impossible  to  fix  through  the  rolls  the 
towns  and  counties  that  supplied  any  one 
body  of  troops.  Circumstances,  however, 
indicate  that  most  of  the  men  who  went  from 
Camden  County  were  mustered  into  the 
Tenth  Regiment  United  States  Infantry. 

In  addition  to  the  companies  thus  received 
into  the  service  by  the  War  Department,  a 
call  was  made  on  Governor  Charles  C.  Strat- 
ton,  of  New  Jersey,  on  May  23,  1846,  for  a 
regiment  of  volunteer  infantry,  and  in  re- 
sponse to  his  proclamation  a  number  of  com- 
panies were  offered  from  Newark,  Trenton, 
Burlington  and  Flemington.  Brigadier-Gene- 
ral Goodwin  is  stated  in  Raum's  history  to 
have  offered  the  Passaic  brigade,  and  on  May 
29,  1846,  Captain  Samuel  Colt  tendered  a 
battalion. 

Camden  County  Soldieks. — The  fol- 
lowing is  a  complete  record,  so  far  as  could  be 
ascertained,  of  troops  from  Camden  County 
who  served  in  the  Mexican  War.  They  are 
accredited  to  Camden  County  on  the  original 
muster-out  roll  of  the  company,  on  file  in 
the  office  of  the  adjutant-general  in  Trenton. 
They  were  mustered  into  the  battalion  at 
Fort  Hamilton,  New  York  Harbor : 

Company  A,  New  Jersey  Battalion,   was 
mustered  in   September  1,  1847,  and  mus- 
tered out  August  5,  1848. 
Captain. 
Henry  A.  Naglee. 
Second  Lieutenant. 
Isaac  W.  Mickle. 
Sergeants. 
David  D.  Nichols.  John  M.  Mickle. 

Corporal. 
John  Spear. 

Drummer. 
William  H.  Benckert. 


Privates. 


Charles  S.  Bates. 
Charles  Bessonett. 
Francis  S.  Bosler. 
John  B.  Berger. 
James  Canning. 
Samuel  Cleary. 
Daniel  Carter. 
Peter  Cunningham. 
Thomas  Deizley. 
James  Falan. 
Lawrence  Garey. 
Thomas  Gaynor. 
Barnet  Hansel. 
William  S.  Heaton. 
William  Hera. 
Henry  W.  Howard. 

Ireland. 

Israel  Learner. 


John  W.  Lumley. 
Samuel  Lumley. 
John  McNulty. 
Joseph  M.  Myers. 
Charles  Orhley. 
George  P.  Pettit. 
Charles  H.  Potts. 
William  W.  Reilly. 
Charles  F.  Eodgers. 
Frederick  Eothweiler. 
William  Shery. 
Thomas  Shimus. 
Aaron  D.  Smallwood. 
Charles  V.  Smith. 
Alexander  Steward. 
Edward  Tice. 
Henry  Williams. 
John  Winters. 


Total :  Two  commissioned  officers  and  forty 
enlisted  men.  The  following  served  in  the 
Mexican  War  in  Pennsylvania  companies 
and  in  the  navy,  bat  were  not  accredited  to 
Camden  County.  They  entered  the  United 
States  service  from  Camden  County, — 
Captains. 
James  McCraken.  William  Newton. 

Lieutenant. 
James  B.  Sutherland. 
Boatswain's  Mate. 
Ziba  Sears. 
Sergeant. 
Aquilla  Haines. 

Corporal. 

Isaac  Toy. 

Gunner's  Mate. 

Ezra  Lukens. 

The  battalion  of  New  Jersey  infantry  to 
which  the  Camden  County  company  was 
assigned  went  out  from  West  Jersey.  There 
were  many  who  entered  the  marine  service,  the 
naval  service,  the  regular  army,  and  others 
again,  who  were  transferred  to  the  store-ship 
"  Fredonia,"  the  bomb  brigs,  "  Vesuvius  " 
and  "  Heckla,"  as  also  the  war  steamers 
"  Spitfire  "  and  "  Iris,"  and  the  sloop-of-war 
"  Falcon."  There  were  thirteen  men  from 
Camden  and  Gloucester  Counties  on  the 
frigate   "  Cumberland,"    under  Commodore 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


ConDer,  and  who  were  landed  below  the  city 
of  Vera  Cruz  on  the  morning  of  the  9th  of 
March,  1847.     They  assisted  in  landing  shot 
and  shell,  planting  batteries  and  preparing 
to  attack  the  celebrated  castle  San  Juan  de 
Ulloa.      General    Scott  summoned  the  city 
to   surrender   on    the    22d,  but  receiving  a 
negative  answer,  the  heavy  mortars  opened 
fire,   which    was   continued   until  the  27th, 
when  General  Landero,  commandant  of  the 
city,  commenced  negotiations  for  their  sur- 
render.    In  the  mean  time  the  little  "  Spit- 
fire," a  steamer  not  larger  than  one  of  the 
small  ferry-boats  on  the  Delaware,  put  out 
on  the  guards  two  men   at  heaving  the  lead 
to  find  a  passage  over,  the  coral  reef.     One 
of  these    was  a    Jerseyman    from    Camden 
County,  Boatswain's  Mate  Ziba  Sears,  who 
had  distinguished  himself  in  the  determined 
effort  to  discover  a  channel  or  thoroughfare 
over   this   reef,    which    extends    for    three 
miles  around   and    beyond    the   castle    and 
early    on    the    27th    did    succeed   in    find- 
ing  a  crossing-place.     At  once   the  "  Spit- 
fire "  advanced  boldly  up  under  the  walls  of 
the   San   Juan,   the   guns    of    which    were 
mounted  en  barbette  and  could    not  be  de- 
pressed sufficiently  to  do  any  material  dam- 
age  to   the   steamer.     The  "  Spitfire "    ran 
right  under  the  guns  of  the  castle,  and  tossed 
red-hot  shot  into  it  and  set  the  buildings  on 
fire   and    compelled   the   surrender    of    the 
castle.     When    Vera    Cruz   and    the   castle 
surrendered,  the  detachment  of  Major  John 
Reynolds,  to  which  the  Camden  Company  was 
attached,   at   once   captured    Alvarado    and 
Hocatalpam,  ninety  miles  below  Vera  Cruz. 
Major  Reynolds    was    enthusiastic    in    his 
praises  of  the  soldierly  bearing  of  the  Jersey 
troops.      James    M.  Sutherland,  of   Wood- 
bury, a  first  lieutenant  in  this  detachment, 
was  the  first  to  mount  the  scaling  ladders  at 
Chapultepec  and  planted  the  Stars  and  Stripes 
upon  the  walls  of  the  city.     On  the  19th  of 
April,  1847,   these  same  troops  attacked  and 
took  possession  of  Perote  and  throughout  the 


entire  war  took  an  active  part.  On  the  8th 
of  May,  1848,  peace  was  declared  between 
the  United  States  and  Mexico,  and  at  this 
time  the  great  insurrection  was  in  progress 
in  the  peninsula  of  Yucatan,  and  the  cities  on 
the  Gulf  coast  were  in  danger  and  applied 
to  the  United  States  for  protection.  Our 
government  nobly  responded  and  called  for 
volunteers  from  among  those  who  were  prepar- 
ing to  return  home  after  a  grand  and  glorious 
conquest.  Some  of  the  naval  squadron  and 
marines  and  five  hundred  of  the  troops, 
among  whom  wei'e  some  of  the  Camden 
company,  were  at  once  forwarded  to  Laguna, 
Sisal  and  Campeche.  The  flint-lock  mus- 
kets and  ammunition  were  turned  over  to 
the  authorities  of  the  cities,  the  insurgents 
were  routed,  and  in  November,  1848,  six 
months  after  the  term  of  service  of  these 
troops  in  the  Mexican  War  had  expired, 
they  returned  home  via  Norfolk,  being  dis- 
charged from  the  different  vessels  of  the 
squadron. 

Captain  C.  N.  Pelouze,  of  604  South 
Fifth  Street,  Camden,  is  one  of  the  survivors 
of  the  Mexican  War.  Elisha  N.  Luckett 
was  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Second 
Pennsylvania  Regiment  in  the  Mexican  War. 
He  now  resides  in  Camden.  Joseph  Camp, 
residing  three  miles  south  of  Camden,  is  also 
a  survivor  of  the  Mexican  War. 

'Captain  Frank  H.  Coles,  whose  ser- 
vices in  the  preparation  of  the  military 
chapters  and  other  parts  in  this  work  were 
of  great  value,  entered  the  marine  service  in 
the  Mexican  War  in  1847,  assigned  to  the 
frigate  "  Cumberland  "  mentioned  above, 
and  afterward  to  the  United  States  steamer 
"  Iris,"  participated  in  the  capture  of  Vera 
Cruz,  Alvarado  and  Hocatalpam,  and  was 
one  of  the  volunteers  to  Yucatan. 

Captain  Coles  was  born  at  "Woodbury,  Sep- 
tember 28,  1827,  and  is  of  Swedish  descent, 
his  great-grandfather.  Job  Coles,  having  emi- 
grated from  Sweden  nearly  two  centuries 
ago.  His  father,  Samuel  Coles,  was  an  ensign 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


89 


in  the  War  of  1 8 1 2 .  At  the  outbreak  of  the 
Civil  War,  Captain  Coles,  between  the  12th 
and  16th  of  April,  1861,  materially  assisted 
in  raising  the  first  company  that  went  out 
from  Gloucester  County,  of  which  he  became 
first  lieutenant.  He  afterwards  entered  the 
three  years'  service  as  first  sergeant  in  Third 
Regiment  of  General  Kearny's  brigade ; 
was  promoted  to  second  lieutenant  of  Com- 
pany G  May  29,  1862 ;  promoted  to  first 
lieutenant  March  24,  1863.  After  being 
wounded  on  June  27,  1863,  at  Gaines'  Mills, 
he  was  transferred,  December  18,  1863,  to 
the  Veteran  Reserve  Corps  as  captain,  com- 
manding Fifty-first  and  Fifty-second  Com- 
panies, Second  Battalion,  Veteran  Reserve 
Corps.  He  remained  in  the  service  until 
June  29, 1865. 

Captain  Coles  was  married,  in  December, 
1849,  to  Anna  Elizabeth  Harker,  daughter 
of  Joseph  Harker,  of  Swedesboro'  and  eldest 
sister  of  Brigadier-General  Charles  G. 
Harker,  a  graduate  of  West  Point  Military 
Academy,  who  was  killed  at  Kennesaw 
Mountain,  Georgia,  June  27,  1864,  at  the 
age  of  twenty-seven  years. 

Captain     William    Stillings,     now 

residing  in   Gloucester   City,   was   born  in 

1814,  son  of  Jacob  Stillings,  a  soldier  of  the 

Revolution.    He  was  a  soldier  in  the  Seminole 

War  in  Florida,  the  Mexican  War  and  the 

War  for  the  Union.     In  1838  he  enlisted  in 

the   regular   army    and  served    in    Florida 

under- General  Zachary    Taylor.      He   was 

under  General   Scott   when    the   Cherokee 

Indians  were  removed  west  of  the  Mississippi 

to  Indian   Territory.      In   1846,  with  his 

command,   he    was  sent   to  Mexico,  placed 

under  General  Scott,  and  participated  in  the 

memorable  battles  on  the  triumphant  march 

to  the  City  of  Mexico.     In  1854  he  retired 

from  the  army  and  returned   to  Gloucester. 

In  1861  he  was  mustered  into  the  service 

as  a  first  lieutenant  of  Company  K,  Fourth 

Regiment   New   Jersey  Volunteers,  and  at 

the  expiration  of  his  term  of  three  months 

12 


became  a  first  lieutenant  in  the  three  years' 
service.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  West 
Point  and  Fair  Oaks  and  at  Gaines'  Mills 
was  captured  by  the  enemy,  placed  in  Libby 
Prison  forty-six  days  and  then  paroled.  He 
joined  his  command,  was  promoted  to  cap- 
tain, took  part  in  the  second  battle  of  Bull 
Run  and  the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and 
Antietam.  After  recovering  from  a  wound 
received  in  battle  he  entered  the  navy  as 
engineer  and  continued  in  that  service  until 
1867. 


CHAPTER   X. 

THE    WAR    FOE    THE    UNION. 

If  a  definite  date  is  sought  for  the  begin- 
ning of  the  slavery  agitation  out  of  which 
proceeded  the  War  for  the  Union,  it  may 
be  placed  in  the  year  1820,  when  Mis- 
souri was  admitted  into  the  Union — not  but 
that  the  question  had  previously  shown  itself 
to  be  a  disturbing  and  threatening  element, 
but  because  at  that  time  there  was  presented 
for  solution,  the  momentous  problem  whether 
the  vast  territory  which  had  been  acquired 
by  the  Louisiana  purchase  should  be  thrown 
open  to  the  slave  power  of  the  South.  The 
people  of  the  free  States — or  at  least  an 
overwhelming  majority  of  them — were  de- 
termined that  this  more  than  imperial  domain 
should  not  be  used  for  the  extension  of  sla- 
very, while  those  in  favor  of  it  were  equally 
resolute  in  the  maintenance  of  their  theory 
that  the  slave-holder  should  be  at  liberty  to 
locate  in  any  of  the  newly-formed  Territories 
with  their  human  chattels,  and,  if  they  pos- 
sessed the  voting  majority,  to  establish  sla- 
very by  the  Constitution  of  any  State  created 
from  the  Territories.  It  is  not  required  that 
we  should  here  refer  to  the  several  compro- 
mise measures  passed  by  Congress  defining 
lines  stretching  from  the  Mississippi  River  to 
the  Pacific  Ocean,   the    soil  north  of  which 


90 


HISTOEY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


should  be  forbidden  to  the  slave-master  and 
that  south  of  it  preserved  to  him  forever. 
All  such  efforts  to  accomplish  the  impossible 
task  of  reconciling  under  one  government 
two  widely  repellent  industrial,  political  and 
social  systems  proved  failures  before  they 
were  wiped  out  by  the  decision  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  in  the  Dred  Scott  case. 

Interwoven  with  this  phase  of  the  irre- 
pressible conflict  was  the  doctrine  of  States' 
rights  upheld  by  the  Southern  leaders  and 
insisted  upon  as  the  most  efficacious  of  the 
instruments  for  the  extension  and  perpetuity 
of  slavery.  It  had  been  discussed  with  ex- 
treme vigor  in  the  convention  which  framed 
the  Constitution  of  the  nation,  and  even  the 
victory  therein  of  the  Federalists  over  the 
opposition  had  not  laid  it  to  rest  or  prevented 
it  from  becoming  a  crucial  issue  in  subse- 
quent politics.  It  had  been  the  justifica- 
tion for  South  Carolina  in  1832,  when,  under 
the  guidance  of  John  C.  Calhoun,  that  State 
endeavored  to  nullify  the  tariff  legislation  of 
Congress,  and  from  it  the  Southern  states- 
men derived  the  alleged  right  of  secession,  in 
consequence  of  the  election  of  Abraham 
Lincoln  to  the  chief  magistracy  as  the  can- 
didate of  a  party  which  declared  opposition 
to  the  extension  of  slavery  to  be  its  reason 
for  existence. 

The  opening  of  the  War  for  the  Union 
found  New  Jersey  illy  prepared  to  play  her 
part  on  the  field  of  battle.  Devoted  to  the 
Constitution  which  the  Legislature  had  unan- 
imously ratified  in  December,  1787,  this 
State  was  ready  to  exert  her  influence  to 
peacefully  adjudicate  the  questions  pregnant 
with  national  disruption.  New  Jersey  had 
given  four  of  her  electoral  votes  to  Abraham 
Lincoln  and  a  coalition  of  the  Democratic 
factions  had  cast  the  other  three  for  Stephen 
A.  Douglas.  On  January  29,  1861,  the 
Legislature  passed  resolutions  indorsing  Sen- 
ator Crittenden's  compromise  plan,  or  any 
other  constitutional  method  that  might  per- 
manently settle  the  question  of  slavery.  The 


conservative  temper  of  that  body  decided 
"  that  the  government  of  the  United  States 
is  a  national  government,  and  the  union  it 
was  designed  to  perfect  is  not  a  mere  com- 
pact or  league;  that  the  Constitution  was 
adopted  in  a  spirit  of  mutual  compromise 
and  concession  by  the  people  of  the  United 
States  and  can  only  be  preserved  by  the 
constant  recognition  of  that  spirit."  The 
Personal  Liberty  statutes  which  some  of 
the  States  had  adopted  as  an  offset  to  the 
Fugitive  Slave  Law,  were  aimed  at  in  a 
resolution  urging  States  "  that  have  obnox- 
ious laws  in  force  which  interfere  with  the 
constitutional  rights  of  the  citizens  of  other 
States,  either  in  regard  to  their  persons  or 
property,  to  repeal  the  same."  Another  res- 
olution proposed  the  calling  of  a  convention 
of  all  the  States  to  suggest  amendments  to 
the  National  Constitution  that  would  avert 
disunion ;  and  finally,  Charles  S.  Olden, 
Peter  D.  Vroom,  Robert  F.  Stockton,  Ben- 
jamin Williamson,  Frederick  T.  Freling- 
huysen,  Rodman  M.  Price,  W^illiam  C.  Alex- 
ander and  Thomas  J.  Stryker  were  appointed 
a  committee  to  confer  with  Congress  and 
similar  delegates  from  other  common- 
wealths upon  enforcing  the  plan  outlined  in 
these  resolutions.  They  took  part  in  the 
Peace  Conference  held  at  Washington,  Feb- 
ruary 4,  1861,  at  which  twenty-one  States 
were  represented  and  which  submitted  sev- 
eral constitutional  amendments  to  Congress, 
but  their  well-meant  efforts  were  of  no -avail, 
for  Congress  gave  little  heed  to  their  recom- 
mendations, and  on  the  same  day  the  Confed- 
erate government  was  organized  at  Mont- 
gomery, Alabama. 

President  Lincoln's  proclamation  calling 
out  seventy-five  thousand  troops  for  the  three 
months'  service  was  issued  April  15th,  tw© 
days  after  the  fall  of  Fort  Sumter.  New 
Jersey  had  no  military  establishment  com- 
petent to  furnish  at  a  moment's  notice  the 
four  regiments  of  seven  hundred  and  eighty 
men  each,  the  quota  assigned  to  her. 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


91 


In  the  language  of  John  Y.  Foster,  author 
of  "New  Jersey   and  the   Rebellion,"  her 
militia    system   "  was   one    of   shreds    and 
patches,  without  organic  unity,  and  almost 
entirely  worthless  as  a  means  of  defence,  or 
even  as  a  nucleus  for  a  more  perfect  organi- 
zation."    But  she  had  in  Governor  Charles 
S.  Olden  an   executive   whose   quickness  of 
thought  and  action  went  far  to  make  up  for 
these  deficiencies.     He  received  the  requisi- 
tion from  the  national  government  on  April 
17th,  and   instantly  issued   a   proclamation 
diifficting    all     individuals    or   organizations 
willing   to    volunteer   to    report   themselves 
within  twenty  days,  various  banks  through- 
out the  State  having  already  placed  at  his 
disposal  four  hundred  and  fift3'-one  thousand 
dollars   to   provide   for  the   equipment  and 
arming    of  the  troops.     At  the  same  time 
orders  were  issued  to  the  four   generals  of 
divisions  to  detail  each  one  regiment  of  ten 
companies,  and  at  once  proceed  to  the  organi- 
zation of  the  reserve   militia.     Under   the 
orders  volunteers  were  to  be  accepted  for 
three  months'  service ;  but  if  a  sufficient  num- 
ber of  these  did  not  enlist,  the  deficiency  was 
to  be  made  up  by  a  draft  from  the  militia. 
Ardent  loyalists,  however,  came  forward  in 
such  numbers  that  within  a  few  days  over  one 
hundred  companies,  equal  to  ten  thousand 
men,  had  offered  to  go  to  the  front.     The 
Camden  correspondent  of  the  Philadelphia 
FuUic   Ledger   states   that   on  the   evening 
of  April  13th  the  Stockton  Cadets,  a  Cam- 
den militia  company,  held  a  meeting  at  their 
armory   and    passed    resolutions   expressing 
their  loyalty  and  declaring  it  to  be  the  duty 
of  all  connected  with  the  militia  to  enroll 
themselves  for  the  defence  of  the  Stars  and 
Stripes,  whereupon  all  present,  twenty-three 
in    number,   enlisted.     Arrangements    were 
made  for  having  the  armory  open  nightly  for 
the  enlistment  of  recruits  between  the  ages  of 
eighteen  and  twenty-one  years,  with  a  view 
of  tendering  the  services  of  the  command  to 
the  government. 


The  First  War  Meeting  in  Camden. 
—On  the  16th  of  April,  1861,  three  days 
after  the  Confederates  fired  upon  Fort  Sum- 
ter, at  the  entrance  of  Charleston  Harbor,  a 
large  number  of  loyal  and  patriotic  citizens 
of  Camden  City  and  County  issued  the  fol- 
lowing vigorous  and  spirited  response  to  the 
President's  proclamation : 

"  To  the  President  of  the  United  States  : 

"  The  unparalleled  events  of  the  last  week  have 
revealed  to  the  citizens  of  the  United  States,  be- 
yond question  or  the  possibility  of  a  doubt,  that 
peaceful  reconciliation  upon  the  form  of  our  Con- 
stitution is  repelled  and  scorned,  and  secession 
means,  in  the  hearts  of  its  supporters,  both  Trea- 
son and  war  against  our  Country  and  Nation. 

"  We,  therefore,  the  undersigned  Loyal  Citizens 
of  the  United  States,  and  inhabitants  of  the  city  of 
Camden,  in  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  responding 
to  the  proclamation  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  hereby  declare  our  unalterable  determina- 
tion to  sustain  the  government  in  its  efforts  to 
maintain  the  honor,  the  integrity  and  the  exist- 
ence of  our  National  Union  and  the  perpetuity  of 
the  popular  Government,  and  to  redress  the 
wrongs  already  long  enough  endured ;  no  differences 
of  political  opinion ;  no  badge  of  diversity  upon 
points  of  party  distinction,  shall  restrain  or  with- 
hold us  in  the  devotion  of  all  we  have  or  can  com- 
mand to  the  vindication  of  the  Constitution,  the 
maintenance  of  the  laws  and  the  defence  of  the 
Flag  of  our  Country. 

"  I.  S.  Mulford.  Samuel  S.  E.  Coperthwait. 

E.  E.  Johnson.  James  M.  Scove.l. 

Louis  L.  Scovel.  S.  C.  Harbert. 

B.  M.  Braker.  John  S.  Bead. 
Joseph  C.  Nichols.            D.  H.  Erdman. 
Elwood  C.  Fortiner.          Adam  Angel. 
Joseph  Vautier.  George  W.  Vanhorn. 
Edmund  Brewer.               Charles  S.  Garrett. 
Uriah  Norcross.  Thomas  M.  Barracliff'. 
Isaac  L.  Lowe.  W.  H.  Saunders. 
Henry  B.  Goodwin.  Jacob  Harman,  Jr. 
Eichard  W.  Test.  Charles  K.  Horsfall. 
James  M.  Oassady.  Timothy  Middleton. 
John  Duprey.  William  W.  Sloan. 
Jesse  Pratt.  Charles  Cloud. 
Hamilton  Johnston.         A.  W.  Test. 
Charles  P.  Dickinson.      C.  A.  S.  Driesback. 
Eichard  H.  Lee.                Henry  Schock. 

C.  G.  Zimmerman.  Walter  Patton. 
Thomas  M.  K.  Lee,  Jr.  Azael  Eoberts. 
Charles  J.  Sanders.  Thomas  Jeffries. 


92 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


C.  Gilbert  Hannah. 
John  T.  F.  Peak. 
Samuel  C  Cooper. 
J.  C.  De  Lajour. 
Edward  T.  Andrews. 
Conclin  Mayhey. 
William  Reynolds. 
Simon  Rammel. 
H.  H.  Goldsmith. 
John  Horsfall. 
Thomas  H.  Dudley. 
Robert  Folwell. 
Edw.  H.  Saunders. 
James  C.  Morgan. 
David  H.  Sheppard. 
Richard  Fetters. 
Charles  C.  Reeves. 
S.  H.  Grey. 
N.  B.  Stokes. 
S.  C.  Wright. 
Joseph'  Dlinston. 
David  Creary. 
John  R.  Barber. 
James  H.  Denny. 
William  R.  Maxwell. 
Robert  Wible. 
Hamilton  William, 
George  W.  Jackson. 
Joseph  Maurer. 
Joseph  D.  Brown. 
William  S.  Scull. 
Daniel  With  am. 
Isaac  Shreeve. 
Adam  Hare. 
George  Wardell. 
Joseph  Coffman. 
George  W.  Conrow. 


Joshua  Howell. 
Martin  Grey. 
S.  L.  Wayne. 
Abner  Sparks. 
Van  T.  Shivers. 
Westcott  Campbell. 
William  J.  Taylor. 
Isaiah  Norcross. 
Alden  C.  Scovel. 
Philip  J.  Gray. 
George  W.  Gilbert. 
Charles  D.  Hineline. 
Thomas  H.  Davis. 
Charles  De  Haven. 
Thomas  Ackley. 
John  Gill. 
James  B.  Dayton. 
James  M.  Stevens. 
Joseph  French. 
George  Campbell. 
A.  A.  Merry. 
E.  Wells. 
William  D.  Clark. 
William  B.  Hatch. 
E.  C.  Jackson. 
A.  B.  Martin. 
Richard  0.  Robertson. 
Timothy  C.  Moore. 
George  W.  Stanley. 
Robert  Schall. 
Reynell  Coates. 
Aaron  Hewit. 
Henry  Shuster. 
William  Hartsgrove. 
William  B.  French. 
W.  A.  Winchester. 
John  M.  Natty." 


In  response  to  a  call,  on  the  18th  of 
April  an  enthusiastic  meeting  was  held  in 
the  county  court-house,  which  was  formed 
of  a  large  collection  of  prominent  citizens. 
The  court-room  was  decorated  with  flags 
and  mottoes.  John  W.  Mickle  was  chosen 
president  and  Samuel  C.  Harbert  and 
Thomas  G.  Eowand  secretaries.  •  The  presi- 
dent addressed  the  meeting  first  and  Rev. 
Mr.  Monroe  offered  a  prayer.  Hon.  Thomas 
P.  Carpenter,  Thomas  B.  Atkinson  (mayor) 
and  Joseph  Painter  were  appointed  a  com- 
mittee on  resolutions.  Judge  Philip  J.  Grey 
addressed  the  meeting,  after  which  the  com- 
mittee adopted  a  long  series  of  patriotic  res- 


olutions. The  Washington  Grays,  Stockton 
Cadets  and  the  Zouaves  marched  into  the 
room  and  were  received  with  cheers,  Samuel 
Hufty  read  a  resolution  which  was  signed  by 
many  persons,  who  immediately  formed  the 
Home  Brigade.  David  M.  Chambers,  Cap- 
tain Stafford,  Benjamin  M.  Braker,  John  H. 
Jones  and  E.  A.  Acton  each  addressed  the 
meeting.  James  M.  Scovel  was  then  called 
upon  and  responded  in  eloquent  terms  and 
with  patriotic  energy.  S.  H.  Grey  offered  a 
resolution,  which  was  adopted,  that  the  City 
Council  and  the  Freeholders  of  the  county  be 
requested  to  appropriate  money  for  the  equip- 
ment of  persons  who  may  volunteer  in  de- 
fense of  the  country,  and  S.  H.  Grey,  James 
M.  Cassady  and  Joseph  Painter  were  ap- 
pointed a  committee  to  look  after  the  interests 
of  the  resolution.  The  meeting  continued  in 
session  until  eleven  p.m. 

On  the  22d  of  April  Samuel  H.  Grey 
made  an  address  before  the  Board  of  Free- 
holders in  a  patriotic  appeal,  soliciting  the 
board  to  make  appropriations  for  the  relief 
of  families  of  volunteer  soldiers.  John  S. 
Read  offered  a  resolution  favoring  the  ap- 
propriation of  five  thousand  dollars,  which 
was  unanimously  adopted.  On  the  evening 
of  the  25th  the  City  Council  voted  four 
hundred  dollars  for  the  same  purpose.  On 
the  same  evening  the  First  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church  of  Camden  collected  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  dollars  and  purchased  five 
hundred  Bibles  for  the  volunteer  soldiers  of 
Camden  County. 

The  State  Bank  of  Camden  loaned  twenty- 
five  thousand  dollars  and  the  Farmers  and 
Mechanics  Bank  ten  thousand  dollars  to  the 
Governor  of  New  Jersey  to  aid  in  the  prose- 
cution of  the  war.  In  July,  1861,  the 
County  Bible  Society  sent  large  installments 
of  Bibles  to  the  Camden  County  soldiers  at 
Trenton. 

On  April  16th  the  Washington  Grays,  ot 
Camden,  held  a  meeting  and  resolved  to  open 
the  armory  for  recruits.   By  Saturday,  April 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


93 


20th,  these  two  companies,  the  Camdeu 
Zouaves  and  the  Union  Guards  were  reported 
ready  for  service  and  the  Camden  Light  Ar- 
tillery organizing.  On  the  25th  the  same 
correspondent  wrote  that  the  following  com- 
panies had  taken  their  departure  from  Cam- 
den for  Trenton  : 

Washington  Grays,  Captain  E.  Price  Hunt. 
Camden  Light  Artillery,  Captain  I.  W.  Mickle. 
Stockton  Cadets,  Captain  E.  G.  Jackson. 
Camden  Zouaves,  Captain  John  R.  Cunningham. 

And  the  following  from  Gloucester  City : 

Union  Guards,  Captain  Joseph  B.  Strafford. 
Anderson  Guards,  Captain  John  P.  Van  Leer. 

It  was  the  boast  of  the  Gloucester  people 
that  Union  township,  which  had  but  four 
hundred  voters,  sent  at  this  time  one  hundred 
and  ninety-eight  good  men  to  do  duty  for  the 
cause. 

Foster's  history  asserts  that  on  April  18th, 
Captain  John  E.  Cunningham  tendered  the 
Camden  Zouaves,  a  well-drilled  and  uni- 
formed company,  to  the  Governor.^  This  or- 
ganization had  been  formed  under  the  militia 
law  in  the  preceding  year,  when  the  tour  of 
the  principal  cities  made  by  Ellsworth's 
Chicago  Zouaves  inspired  thousands  of  young 
men  to  join  companies  patterned  upon  that 
famous  model.  It  was  mustered  into  the 
Fourth  Eegiment,  on  April  25th,  as  Company 
G,  under  command  of  Captain  Cunningham, 
First  Lieutenant  Louis  M.  Morris  and  En- 
sign Joseph  L.  De  La  Cour. 

The  other  five  companies  from  Camden 
County  were  placed  in  the  same  regiment. 
Captain  Hunt's  company  became  Company 

1  This  was  the  first  official  tender  of  a  company  made 
in  the  State.  Foster  says  that  the  first  regimental  offer 
was  made  on  the  same  day,  when  Lieutenant-Colonel  V. 
R.  Matthews,  commanding  the  First  Regiment,  Hunter- 
don Brigade,  wrote  to  the  Governor  proffering  their  ser- 
Tices.  The  first  individual  offer,  according  to  Governor 
Olden' s  records,  was  that  of  General  Joseph  W.  Revere, 
of  the  Morris  Brigade,  who,  in  January,  1861,  tendered 
his  services  in  any  capacity  in  which  they  might  be  re- 
quired. This  offer  was  renewed  and  accepted  on  April 
17th. 


F ;  Captain  Van  Leer's,  Company  H ;  Cap- 
tain Jackson's,  Company  C  ;  Captain  Straf- 
ford's, Company  I) ;  and  Captain  Mickle's, 
Company  E.  The  two  first  were  mustered 
on  April  25th  and  the  three  last  on  April 
27th. 

Among  the  individual  offers  was  that  of 
William  B.  Hatch,  of  Camden,  who  had 
served  in  1859  and  1860  in  the  cavalry  of 
the  Russian  army  ;  he  was  commissioned  as 
adjutant  of  the  Fourth  Regiment  in  the 
ninety  days'  service,  and  subsequently  made 
major  of  the  Fourth  (three  years')  Regiment. 
Mrs.  Hettie  K.  Painter,  of  Camden,  volun- 
teered as  a  nurse,  and  became  known  to 
thousands  of  sick  and  wounded  men  for  her 
gentle  and  efficient  ministrations  in  the  hos- 
pitals of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 

On  the  last  day  of  April  the  quota  of  the 
State  was  complete,  and  it  was  mustered  at 
Trenton  as  a  brigade  of  four  regiments, 
under  command  of  General  Theodore  Run- 
yon,  the  present  chancellor  of  New  Jersey. 
The  next  day  the  Governor  sent  a  special 
messenger  to  General  B.  F.  Butler,  com- 
manding at  Annapolis,  Md.,  requesting  him 
to  prepare  to  receive  the  brigade,  which  was 
to  be  sent  through  the  canal  route  in  conse- 
quence of  the  destruction  of  the  railroad 
bridges  near  Baltimore  by  the  Secessionists  of 
Maryland.  The  men  were  embarked  at 
Trenton  on  May  3d,  on  a  fleet  of  fourteen 
propellers,  and  proceeded  down  the  Delaware 
River  and  through  the  Delaware  and  Chesa- 
peake Canal  to  Annapolis,  which  they 
reached  on  the  night  of  the  4th.^     General 

'  They  left  Trenton  without  a  round  of  ammunition. 
Captain  Charles  P.  Smith  was  sent  to  New  York  that 
day  to  procure  it,  but  was  unsuccessful,  until  a  Mr. 
Blunt,  a  dealer  on  Broadway,  agreed  to  let  him  have  a 
certain  quantity  of  cartridges  and  percussion  caps  on 
his  personal  security.  He  reached  Jersey  City  with  a 
dray-load,  notwithstanding  the  New  York  authorities 
had  prohibited  any  ammunition  from  being  taken  from 
the  city.  There  he  had  a  controversy  with  the  railroad 
officials,  who  refused  to  take  such  freight  on  a  passen- 
ger train,  but  compromised  by  allowing  it  to  be  packed 
in  an  iro^  crate,  which  was  towed  a  long  way  astern  of 


94 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Butler  ordered  its  advance  to  Washington, 
and  on  the  5th  the  First  Regiment,  with  six 
companies  of  the  Second  and  nine  companies 
of  the  Third,  started  forward  in  two  trains 
of  cars.  The  first  of  these  trains  reached 
Washington  about  midnight,  and  the  second 
at  eight  o'clock  the  following  morning.  The 
same  evening  the  Fourth  flegiment  and  the 
remaining  company  of  the  Third  arrived  at 
the  capital.  The  four  companies  of  the  Sec- 
ond left  at  Annapolis,  were  detailed  to  guard 
the  telegraph  and  railroad  between  Annapo- 
lis Junction,  and  were  left  without  tents  and 
almost  without  a  commissariat  for  a  month. 

On  May  6th  the  arrival  of  the  brigade 
was  reported  to  General  Scott,  and  no  camps 
being  provided,  the  troops  went  into  such 
quarters  as  were  available  in  Washington. 
"  On  all  sides,"  says  Foster,  "  their  arrival 
was  hailed  with  pleasure.  Men  felt  that  now 
the  capital  was  safe.  These  three  thousand 
Jerseymen,  thoroughly  armed  and  equipped, 
as  no  regiments  previously  arrived,  had  been, 
could  be  relied  upon  to  repel  all  assaults. 
New  Jersey  never  stood  higher  in  the  estima- 
tion of  the  loyal  people  of  the  country  than 
at  that  juncture,  when  she  sent  to  the  na- 
tion's defense  the  first  full  brigade  of  troops 
that  reached  the  field."  On  May  7th  the 
command  marched  past  the  White  House, 
where  it  was  reviewed  by  President  Lincoln 
and  General  Scott.  On  the  9th  the  Fourth 
Regiment  moved  out  to  Camp  Monmouth,  on 
Meridian  Hill,  where  it  was  soon  joined  by 
the  other  regiments,  and  on  the  12th  the 
camp  was  visited  by  the  President  and  Sec- 
retaries Chase  and  Seward,  Mr.  Lincoln  com- 
plimenting the  troops  on  their  soldierly  ap- 
pearance. They  remained  at  Camp  Mon- 
mouth, perfecting  their  drill  and  discipline, 

the  train.  At  10.30  that  night  Captain  Smith  reached 
Camden,  where  a  tug  was  in  waiting  for  him.  The 
flotilla  with  the  brigade  was  intercepted  as  it  was  pass- 
ing the  city  ;  he  transferred  the  crate  to  the  various  ves- 
sels, and  its  contents  were  served  out  to  the  men  as  they 
went  on  down  the  Delaware. 


until  the  23d,  when  the  Second,  Third  and 
Fourth  Regiments  (the  First  following  the 
next  day)  crossed  the  Potomac  into  Virginia, 
and  on  the  Washington  and  Alexandria  road, 
at  a   most   important  strategic   point,  con- 
structed and  mounted  with    heavy   guns  a 
strong  defensive  work,   which,  in   honor  of 
their  brigadier,  they  named  Fort  Runyon.  It 
was  the  first  regular  fortification  built  by  the 
national  troops.     The  brigade  remained  in 
this  vicinity  until  July   16th,  when  it  was 
moved  forward  a  few  miles,  and  placed  in 
the  First  Reserve  Division,  to  which  had  also 
been  assigned  the  First,  Second  and  Third 
New  Jersey  (three  years')Regiments, which  had 
reached  the  field  a  few  days  previous  to  the 
movement.     The  First  (three  months')  Regi- 
ment was  ordered  to  a  point  on  the  Orange 
and  Alexandria  Railroad,  three  miles  beyond 
Springfield,  to  guard  the  track  repairs.     On 
the  same  day  four  hundred  and  twenty-five 
men  of  the  Third  Regiment  were  detailed  to 
escort  a  provision  train,  and  a  portion  of  the 
Fourth  was  charged  with  guarding  another 
section  of  the  railroad.     One  company  of  the 
latter  regiment  was  then  guarding  the  Long 
Bridge,  and  still  another  was  on  duty  at  Ar- 
lington Mills,   while  the  remainder  was  or- 
dered to  Alexandria  with  the  Second  (three 
months')  Regiment.     Colonel    Taylor,  com- 
manding the  Third  (three  years')  Regiment, 
was  at  the  same  time  instructed  to  march  to 
a  point  on  the  Orange  and  Alexandria  Rail- 
road, and  during  the    night   following,  the 
First  and  Second  (three  years')   Regiments 
were  moved  forward  to  Vienna.     On  the 
17th  orders  were  issued  to  all  the  regiments 
in  the  command  to  provide  themselves  with 
two  days'  cooked  rations,  and  on  the  1 8th, 
General  Runyon  assumed  command  of  all 
the  troops  not  on  the  march  to  the  front. 

These  dispositions  were  in  view  of  the  bat- 
tle of  Bull  Run,  which  was  fought  and  lost 
by  the  Union  army  on  July  21st.  The  near- 
est that  any  of  the  Jersey  troops  came  to  par- 
ticipation in  it,  was  that  the  First  and  Second 


THE  WAE  FOR  THE  UNION. 


95 


(three  years')  Regiments  and  the  First  (three 
months')  Eegiment  were  marched  toward 
Centreville  during  the  day,  and  that  the  two 
first-named  reached  the  town  in  season  to  ar- 
rest with  fixed  bayonets  the  rush  of  thou- 
sands of  panic-stricken  fugitives  toward 
"Washington,  and  rally  them  into  something 
like  order.  They  performed  this  duty  most 
faithfully  and  the  value  of  their  services  was 
fully  recognized  by  General  McDowell. 

On  July  24th  the  Third  and  Fourth  Reg- 
iments, their  term  of  enlistment  having  ex- 
pired, were  ordered  to  report  to  General 
Mansfield  to  be  mustered  out.  The  First 
and  Second  received  the  same  orders  on  the 
following  day ;  and  after  being  formally  dis- 
charged the  brigade  returned  home  to  New 
Jersey,  where  it  was  accorded  an  enthusiastic 
reception.  A  majority  of  the  men  re-enlisted 
in  the  long-term  regiments  and  were  back  in 
the  field  before  they  had  time  to  forget  a 
movement  of  the  manual  of  arms. 

It  has  been  estimated  that  in  the  early 
months  of  the  war  fully  five  thousand  citizens 
of  New  Jersey  enlisted  in  New  York,  Phila- 
delphia and  elsewhere  in  the  regiments  of 
other  States.  They  were  bent  upon  entering 
the  army,  and  as  the  three  months'  quota  of 
New  Jersey  was  already  filled,  they  sought 
service  outside.  Whole  companies  were  thus 
transferred  to  neighboring  States  and  their 
identity  as  Jersey  commands  thus  lost.  They 
cannot  now  be  traced,  but  it  maybe  mentioned 
that  the  renowned  Excelsior  Brigade  of  New 
York  embraced  many  Jersey  soldiers  in  its 
ranks.  An  unknown  number  of  Camden 
County  men  crossed  the  river,  and  in  Phila- 
delphia enrolled  themselves  in  commands  of 
the  Keystone  State. 

The  following  is  the  official  roster  of  the 
six  companies  of  the  Fourth  Regiment  of 
three  months'  troops  raised  in  Camden 
County  : 

COMPANY  C. 

Captain. 
Edmund  G.  Jackson. 


First  Lieutenant. 
William  E.  Maxwell. 

Ensign. 

William  H.  Hemsing. 

First  Sergeant. 

Benjamin  Connelly. 

Sergeants. 

Rudolph  Tenner.  John  W.  Moore. 

David  D.  Helm. 

Corporals. 
William  Rogers.  Samuel  Eatcliff. 

George  W.  Jackson.  William  D.  Miller. 


Fifer. 

George  Jauss. 

Drummer. 

Charles  Hoy. 

Privates. 

James  Albright. 

Edward  A.  Johnston. 

Robert  H.  Ames. 

John  Lezenby. 

Joseph  Bazarth. 

William  Loel. 

Anthony  Bernard. 

Alfred  Martin. 

James  G.  Boileau. 

Frank  McCammon. 

Cornelius  Brown. 

William  Morris. 

John  Brown. 

Francis  Mount. 

Charles  B.  Capewell. 

Davis  H.  Nichols. 

Thomas  Carr. 

George  S.  Patterson. 

William  H.  Carson. 

John  P.  Price. 

Jesse  C.  Chew. 

Richard  J.  Robertson. 

William  H.  H.  Clark. 

Charles  H.  Rogers. 

John  Clevenger. 

William  H.  Schwaab. 

William  P.  Copeland. 

August  Scior. 

Collin  Coutts. 

Richard  Smith. 

Dilwyn  Cowperthwaite 

.    Charles  Spooner. 

John  0.  Crowell. 

Savillion  A.  Steinmetz. 

Charles  Davis. 

Andrew  H.  Stilwell. 

Elijah  T.  Davis. 

Stacy  Stockton. 

Clayton  Edwards. 

John  Sweesley. 

William  A.  Fish. 

Edward  Thornton. 

Henry  Frost. 

James  H.  Townsend. 

Jacob  Gerhart. 

Theodore  Vansciver. 

Charles  G.  P.  Goforth. 

Andrew  J.  Wallace. 

John  R.  Grubb. 

Joshua  Wallena. 

Josiah  Harley. 

John  W.  Wetherby. 

William  H.  Helams. 

Joseph  M.  White. 

Thomas  Henderson. 

Thomas  White. 

Walter  Hill. 

Thomas  Whittaker. 

William  S.  Hineline. 

Charles  Wilson. 

Alfred  Horner. 

Isaac  F.  Wright. 

WillardHowe. 

George  W.  Wood. 

COMPANY  D. 

Captain. 

Joseph 

B.  Strafford. 

96 


HISTOKY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


First  Lieutenant. 

John  Cavanaugh. 

Ensign. 

Ferdinand  Mc Williams. 

First  Sergeant. 

Patrick  Reiley. 

Sergeants. 

Arnold  S.  Shailer.  Edward  Corcoran. 

James  Conley.  Peter  Rancom. 

Corporals. 
Michael  Dunn.  Peter  Megary. 

Joseph  S,  Strafford.  Franklin  Lightcap. 

Drummer. 
John  O'Brien. 


Privates. 


William  H.  Ackerson. 
William  Bisbing. 
Suffaray  J.  Blanc. 
Nicholas  Brady. 
Theodore  Brick. 
Alexander  Bryson. 
John  Burns. 
James  Byers. 
Patrick  Byers. 
Michael  E.  Callahan. 
William  A.  Coles. 
William  J.  Coles. 
Henry  Conlen. 
Henry  Conerty. 
Michael  Corcoran. 
George  W.  Crammer. 
Thomas  Dugan. 
Thomas  Eagen. 
Patrick  Early. 
James  Finnegan. 
James  Plynn. 
Charles  Gannon. 
John  Gannon. 
Hugh  H.  Gorman. 
Thomas  Goodman. 
James  Jobes. 
William  Kaine. 
Thomas  Keegan. 
Daniel  Kinney. 
Stephen  A.  Lane. 
George  Leeming. 
John  Lynch. 
\Villiam  Lynch. 


George  H.  Manson. 
Peter  McAdams. 
James  McCaffrey. 
James  McCann. 
James  McCormick. 
James  McGrovy. 
Michael  McGrovy. 
Alexander  McHenry. 
James  McManus. 
Owen  Mullen. 
Edward  Noble. 
William  Norton. 
John  O'Neil. 
James  O'Eeiley. 
Francis  C.  Orens. 
John  Pepper. 
Aaron  Peterson. 
Robert  Quigley. 
Robert  Redfleld. 
James  Rowbottom. 
Aaron  Stone. 
Ambrose  Strong. 
Arthur  Toole. 
Peter  Toole. 
Peter  Warburton. 
Josiah  L.  Ward. 
Patrick  Waters. 
James  White. 
John  J.  White. 
Peter  White. 
George  Whitehead. 
William  H.  Wyant. 
Samuel- Wynn. 


Ensign. 

Timothy  C.  Moore. 

First  Sergeant. 

John  M.  Collins. 

Sergeants. 

Benjamin  D.  Cooley.         Henry  Carels. 

Samuel  B.  Jobes. 

Corporals. 
John  E.  Droham.  John  Sing. 

Robert  M.  Wible.  Edward  J.  Cassady. 

Fifer. 
Emanuel  Joseff. 

Drummer. 
Philip  Joseff. 


Pri 
George  B.  Anderson. 
George  W.  Armstrong. 
Hugh  Beaty. 
James  Beaty. 
Thomas  H.  Bishop. 
Charles  P.  Bowyer. 
Joseph  D.  Brown. 
Joseph  T.  Burdsall. 
Henry  Carse. 
Richard  Church. 
John  Cole. 

Patrick  Cunningham. 
Lewis  W.  Drummond. 
Lemuel  Edwards. 
William  Fennimore. 
Joseph  W.  Fernandez. 
Charles  Fish. 
Charles  Fisher. 
Howard  Fisler. 
Charles  Fox. 
John  W.  Garwood. 
Christian  A.  Gross. 
Charles  Hahn. 
William  B.  Haines. 
David  D.  Hamell. 
John  W.  Hart. 
William  Helmuth. 
John  Hill. 
Count  De  G.  Hogan. 
George  W.  Jobes. 
John  L.  .Johnson. 
Alexander  Johnson. 


vates. 

Joseph  E.  Jones, 
Robert  Kell. 
Jacob  F.  Kihule. 
James  McComb. 
Abraham  Morely. 
John  H.  Morris. 
James  Morrissey. 
Joseph  D.  Parker. 
Samuel  Peers. 
Thomas  Pickering. 
Benjamin  A.  Pine. 
Isaac  J.  Pine. 
John  Pinkerton. 
John  A.  Quigley. 
John  R.  Rich. 
Oliver  H.  Ritchson. 
Albion  V.  Salisbury. 
Benjamin  Sands. 
Jeremiah,  Saunders. 
Charles  C.  Sharp. 
Joseph  D.  Smith. 
Edward  H.  Stackhouse. 
Joseph  Strock. 
William  H.  Thompson. 
John  Thornton. 
Mordecai  Tyler. 
William  B.  Warford. 
Joseph  M.  Webb. 
Levi  A.  Westcott. 
Benjamin  Wilson, 
Brazier  Wiltsey. 
William  Wiltsey. 


COMPANY  E. 

Captain. 

Isaac  M'.  Mickle. 

First  Lieutenant. 

Philip  M.  Armington. 


COMPANY  P.    ; 

Captain. 
Edward  Price  Hunt. 

First  Lieutenant. 
,  Richar4  H,  Lee,] 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


97 


Ensign. 

Theodore  A.  Zimmerman. 

First   Sergeant. 

Theodore  W.  Field. 

Sergeants. 

Charles  J.  Field.  Chas.  G.  Zimmerman. 

Joseph  C.  Lee. 

Corporals. 

Chas.  F.  Miller,  Jr.  Charles  F.  Dickenson. 

Chas.  J.  T.  Saunders.       Geo.  A.  S.  Drisback. 

Fifer. 

Michael  Hartzell. 

Drummer. 
Joseph  Rodgers. 
Privates. 
James  V.  Anderson.         Joseph  Immon. 
Joseph  G.  Betts.  William  T.  Jacoby. 

William  Bosworth.  William  L.  Kaighn. 

John  P.  Bronford.  Joseph  Kelly. 

Henry  Bruist.  George  W.  King. 

William  N.  Buzby.  Thomas  M.  K.  Lee,  Jr. 

Edmond  Carels.  William  C.  Lee. 

Thomas  E.  D.  Carter.      Stevenson  Leslie. 
John  M.  Chillman.  Jacob  S.  Le van. 

Bartholomew  Clarke.        Edward  Livermore. 
Isaac  Clark.  Thomas  A.  Locke. 

R.  Graham  Clark.  John  E.  Loeb. 

Jacob  W.  Clements.         William  T.  Long. 
John  Clements.  Edward  Mackey. 

Charles  Clendenning.        James  McClernon. 
Oliver  K.  Collins.  Timothy  L.  Middleton. 

Robert  T.  Cox.  William  Morton. 

Burton  Davis.  John  Naphy. 

Ethelbert  Davis.  John  T.  Ogden. 

John  P.  Ducas.  Benjamin  W.  Perkins. 

Samuel  H.  Elders.  Samuel  M.  Price. 

Joseph  H.  Ewiug.  Henry  Rauser. 

William  H.  Eyles.  George  M.  Rodgers. 

Joseph  B.  Garwood.         Albert  Smith. 
Josiah  B.  Giberson.  Henry  Smith. 

Charles  Gilbert.  John  T.  Smith. 

Harvey  B.  Goodwin.        Charles  C.  Stezer. 
Joseph  E.  Gregory.  Austin  E.  Vanarsdale. 

Richard  C.  Haines.  John  Wescoat. 

John  M.  Henderson.         Henry  Williams. 
Leander  Houghtaling.      Samuel  Williams. 
Charles  E.  Hugg.  Thomas  P.  Williams. 

Joseph  8.  Hugg. 

COMPANY  G. 

Captain. 

John  R.  Cunningham. 

First  Lieutenant. 

Lewis  M.  Morris. 

13 


Ermgn. 

Joseph  L.  De  La  Cour. 

First  Sergeant. 

William  W.  Mines. 

Sergeants. 

John  K.  Brown.  George  Holl. 

Henry  Daniels,  Jr. 

Corporals. 
Henry  F.  Surault.  William  Pell,  Jr. 

James  M.  Lane.  Isaac  Wood. 

Fifer. 
William  Howard. 

Drummer. 
William  Brassell. 
Privates. 
A.  George  M.  Ashley.       Charles  H.  Jewell. 
George  Baxter.  Edward  Johnson. 

John  Beideman.  William  H.  Kaighn. 

George  Bloomfield,  Benjamin  F.  King. 

Albert  M.  Buck.  Barton  Lane. 

Charles  P.  Bundick.         John  G.  Lewallen. 
James  Burkett.  Charles  Lownsbury. 

Lewis  Buzine.  James  Massey. 

George  Oairoli.  John  McKinley. 

Benjamin  Cavanaugh.       Edward  H.  Mead. 
William  Cox.  Edwin  Mitchell. 

Alpheus  Davis.  Howard  Moore. 

David  Davis.  Lorenzo  F.  Park. 

Samuel  H.  Davis.  John  Quick. 

Edward  F.  Duffy.  John  T.  Redfern. 

Frank  B.  Fox.  James  B.  Scott. 

Alexander  T.  Francisco.   Edward  Sewell. 
Charles  B.  Eraser.  William  Shurdon. 

Henry  Gallagher.  Lewis  Smith. 

Samuel  W.  Gahan.  George  W.  Souder. 

Samuel  Gilbert.  John  Sourren. 

Charles  E.  Githens.  James  Staneley. 

William  Gleason.  Francis  A.  Street. 

William  H.  Griffin.  William  F.  Tarr. 

James  Hartley.  James  Thompson. 

Charles  Helmuth.  Edward  Van  Stavoren. 

Samuel  Hickman.  Isaac  Waar. 

John  Hildebrandt.  George  L.  White. 

Isaac  N.  Hoey.  John  Wilson. 

Joseph  Hofilinger.  Richard  Wilson. 

Abednego  Howeth.  '        Theodore  F.  Wilson. 
William  Inman.  Richard  T.  Wood. 

COMPANY    H. 

Captain. 
John  P.  Van  Leer. 

First  LAexhtenant. 
George  E,  Wilson. 


98 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Ensign. 

John  Willian. 

First  Sergeant. 

James  A.  Duddy. 

Sergeants. 

Joseph  R.  Giddings.         Joseph  B.  Daviti. 

Joseph  P.  Busha. 

Corporals. 

Joseph  Morton.  Aden  W,  Powell. 

Daniel  W.  Giddings.        Thomas  B.  Jordan. 

Fifer. 

Robert  Berryman. 

Drummer. 

John  P.  Booth. 


Henry  Astley. 
Eli  Bailey. 
.Jesse  F.  Bailey. 
Thomas  Bates,  .Jr. 
John  Berryman. 
Henry  Black. 
James  P.  Britton. 
John  Brown. 
William  Burroughs. 
Thomas  Calvert. 
.Joseph  Cheeseman. 
James  M.  Cramer. 
Eli  Crammer. 
William  Bennington 
John  Dill. 
.John  Dimon. 
Edward  Ellis. 
Joseph  S.  Garretson. 
.Joseph  Garwood. 
.John  Groves. 
William  Groves. 
Andrew  Harker. 
Henry  Harley. 
Alexander  Harvey. 
John  Herron. 
Benjamin  W.Hill. 
George  H.  Holmes. 
Michael  Hoover. 
Edgar  Hudson. 
Charles  Hulings. 
Charles  Jess. 
John  C.  ICing. 


Privates. 

Charles  E.  Lancaster. 
William  Lanagan. 
Matthew  Larney. 
John  Loynd. 
Abram  Martin. 
John  E.  Maxwell. 
Louis  Matkensy. 
William  M.  Metz. 
William  Moss. 
Joha  O'Mara. 
Samuel  Ogden. 
John  Osborn. 
Franklin  Pike. 
Nathan  Rambo. 
Henry  Rementer. 
Edgar  Roby. 
William  Robust. 
Thomas  D.  Ross. 
John  Smith. 
William  D.  Smith. 
Robert  Spink. 
Thomas  B.  Thompson. 
James  G.  Tomlinson. 
James  Totten. 
Augustus  Van  Fossen. 
Joel  Whitehead. 
William  Williamson. 
Joseph  Wollard. 
Frederick  Young. 
Peter  V.  Brown. 
Steward  M.  Hawkins. 
William  J.  Stone. 


First  Brigaoe  Three  Years'  Troops. 
— President  Lincoln  and  his  advisers  did 
not  long  entertain  the  notion,  so  prevalent 
up  to,  and  even  after  the  firing  upon  Sumter, 
that  the  war  would  be  ended  and  the  Southern 


Confederacy  subdued  before  the  summer  was 
well  advanced.  April  had  not  indeed  run 
out  its  course  before  the  President  was  made, 
by  the  logic  of  events,  to  comprehend  that  a 
long  and  desperate  civil  conflict  must  be 
prepared  for  and  that  it  would  require  a  tre- 
mendous draft  upon  the  men  and.  money  of 
the  nation  to  save  it  from  total  wreck.  The 
day  for  temporizing  and  half-way  military 
measures  had  flown  by,  and  on  May  3,  1861, 
the  President  called  for  thirty -nine  regiments 
of  infantry  and  one  of  cavalry  to  serve  for 
three  years  or  during  the  war.  Although  the 
number  of  men  thus  summoned  was  so  small 
in  comparison  with  the  hosts  of  later  years, 
the  length  of  the  term  of  enlistment  is  evi- 
dence that  the  government  at  last  appreciated 
the  magnitude  of  its  task.  Governor  Olden 
did  not  receive  the  requisition  upon  New 
Jersey,  vvhich  was  for  three  regiments  of 
infantry,  until  the  17th.  More  than  enough 
companies  were  organized  and  awaiting  the 
mustering  officer,  and  the  Governor,  in  an- 
nouncing this  fact  to  the  War  Department, 
added  that  "  If  the  occasion  required  their 
services,  this  State  would  willingly  furnish 
twice  as  many  regiments  to  serve  during  the 
war." 

From  these  companies  were  formed  the 
First,  Second  and  Third  Regiments  of  the 
three  years'  service.  They  were  furnished 
with  camp  and  garrison  equipage  by  the 
State,  but  were  armed  by  the  United  States. 
Company  E,  Captain  Charles  N.  Pelouze,  of 
the  First  Regiment,  Colonel  William  R. 
Montgomery,  and  Company  B,  Captain 
Henry  C.  Gibson,  of  the  Third,  Colonel 
George  W.  McLean,  were  Camden  County 
volunteers.  The  three  regiments  left  Trenton 
on  June  28th,  and  reported  to  General  Scott 
at  Washington  on  the  following  day.  Their 
movements  up  to  and  on  the  day  of  the  bat- 
tle of  Bull  Run  have  been  recorded  in  the 
history  of  the  three  months'  men.  After 
that  engagement  the  First  and  Second  went 
into  camp  near  Alexandria,   and  thither   the 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


99 


Third  was  ordered   from    Tairfax,    where  it 
had  been  posted  during  the  battle. 

On  July  24th  Governor  Olden  was  notified 
that  the  government  would  accept  five  addi- 
tional regiments,  "  to  be  taken,  as  far  as  con- 
venient, from    the   three   months'  men   and 
officers  just  discharged  ;  and  to  be  organized, 
equipped  and  sent  forward  as   fast  as  single 
regiments  are  ready,  on  the    same   terms   as 
were  those  already  in  service."     The  Fourth 
Regiment,  Colonel  James  H.  Simpson,    with 
which  William  R.  Hatch,  of  Caraden,  went 
out  as  major  and   was  promoted   to  colonel, 
was   mustered    on  August  20th,   and,  with 
Captain   William  Hexamei''s   battery,    was 
forwarded  to  the  fronton  the  21st.     It   com- 
prised in  part  four  full  companies   raised  in 
Camden    County   as    follows :     A,    Captain 
Charles   Meves ;    F,   Captain    Napoleon    B. 
Aaronson;  G,   Captain    Henry   M.   Jewett; 
and  H,  Captain  John  Reynolds.     The   regi- 
ment camped    with  the   First,   Second   and 
Third  near  Alexandria,  and  the  four  were 
early  in  August  combined  as  the  First  New 
Jersey  Brigade  and  placed   under   the   com- 
mand of  that  illustrious  and  dauntless  soldier, 
General  Philip    Kearny,    who  had   already 
distinguished  himself  as  a  fighter  in  Mexico, 
Algeria  and  Italy,  and  against  the   Indians 
on  the  frontier,  and  whose  death  at  the  battle 
of  Chantilly,  August  30,  1862,  was  to  deprive 
the  army  of  a  commander  in  whom  military 
skill  and  personal  courage  combined  to  form 
the  ideal  brigadier.     In  recalling  the  grand 
reputation  which  this  brigade  achieved  under 
Kearny  and  other  chiefs,  it  is  a  most  proper 
cause  for  local  pride   that  Caraden    County 
contributed  to  its  ranks  six  full    companies 
that  shared  in  its  perils,  its  victories  and  its 
honors.     They  were   among   the    men    who 
had  so  endeared  themselves  to  his  lion  heart, 
that  when  he  was  offered  the   command  of 
Sumner's  division   he  refused   to  accept   it 
because  be  would  not   be  permitted    to   take 
his  Jersey  regiments  with  him. 

The  Third  Regiment  received  its  baptism 


of  fire  in  an  ambuscade  in  which  it  fell  at 
Cloud's  Mills  on  August  29th,  and  on  Sep- 
tember 29th,  Kearny  had  the  whole  brigade 
out  for  a  reconnoissance  of  the  enemy's  lines  at 
Mason's  Hill.  On  October  14th  a  detach- 
ment of  the  First  emptied  several  saddles  of 
a  Confederate  cavalry  force  which  it  encoun- 
tered, and  lost  three  or  four  killed.  After 
spending  the  winter  inactively  the  brigade, 
which  was  attached  to  General  William  B. 
Franklin's  division,  was,  on  March  7,  1862, 
pushed  towards  Manassas,  the  First  Regi- 
ment, whicjh  had  been  the  last  to  leave  Cen- 
treville  on  the  retreat  of  July  21,  1861, 
having  the  honor  of  being  the  first  to  occupy 
the  place  on  the  second  advance. 

On  the  10th  the  brigade  colors  were 
unfurled  over  the  abandoned  Confederate 
works  at  Manassas,  eight  companies  of  the 
Third  leading  the  advance.  On  McClellan's 
preparations  to  transfer  the  army  to  the 
Virginia  Peninsula  the  Jersey  regiments, 
which  had  been  placed  in  the  First  Division 
of  the  First  Army  Corps,  moved  to  Catlett's 
Station,  where  they  remained  from  April  7th 
to  the  11th,  when  they  retraced  their  steps 
to  Alexandria  and  embarked  for  York  Point, 
York  River,  on  the  17th.  May  5th  they 
advanced  to  West  Point  under  command  of 
Colonel  Taylor,  Kearny  having  been  pro- 
moted to  the  command  of  the  division,  and 
on  the  night  of  that  day  the  First  Regiment 
captured  at  a  charge  and  held  a  position 
which  two  New  York  regiments  had  proved 
unable  to  maintain.  Its  gallantry  was  testi- 
fied to  by  a  correspondent  of  the  New  York 
Times,  who  wrote  that  "  The  line  was  as  firm 
as  a  division  in  a  column  at  review.  Colonel 
McAllister,  when  the  enemy  broke,  bravely 
pursued  them  some  distance.  This  firm  and 
determined  movement  decided  the  result, 
and  the  rebels  made  good  their  retreat." 

These  minor  plays  on  the  great  chess-board 
of  the  campaign  had  fitted  Taylor  and  his 
men  for  the  first  of  the  important  battles  in 
-yvhich  they  were  destined  to  enter.     On  June 


100 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


27th  they  left  camp  on  the  south  side  of  the 
Chiekahominy  River,  and  crossing  that  dark 
and  sluggish  stream  at  Woodbury's  bridge, 
plunged  into  the  thick  of  the  fight  at  Gaines' 
Mills,  where  Fitz-John  Porter's  and  Mc- 
Call's  lines  were  giving  way  under  the 
impact  of  the  enemy's  pressure.  Swinging 
full  into  the  face  of  the  Confederate  musketry 
and  artillery  fire,  the  brigade  fought  the 
rebels  at  a  distance  of  four  hundred  yards 
and  was  badly  hurt,  until  Taylor  ordered  a 
charge  that  drove  them  out  of  the  woods  into 
an  open  field,  where  he  met  their  reserves 
and  was  compelled  to  fall  back.  The  Fourth 
Regiment,  four  companies  of  which  were 
Camden  men,  was  sent  into  the  woods  by 
order  of  one  of  McClellan's  aids,  and  there 
sustained  the  brunt  of  a  fight  at  close  quarters. 
Five  hundred  of  its  number  were  taken 
prisoners.  Colonel  Simpson  was  one  of  the 
unfortunates,  and  in  letters  dated  from  prison 
in  Richmond  he  thus  described  the  action 
and  sequel, — 

"The  regiment  was  posted  in  the  wood  to  sustain 
the  centre  in  the  battle  near  Gaines'  Mill,  and 
nobly  did  it  hold  its  ground  until  about  an  hour 
after  the  right  and  left  wings  of  the  army  had 
fallen  back.  Mine  and  the  Eleventh  Connecticut 
were  the  last  to  leave  the  front,  and  only  did  so 
when  we  found  that  the  rest  of  the  army  had 
given  way  and  we  were  literally  surrounded  by 
the  infantry  and  batteries  of  the  Confederate 
forces.  Being  in  the  woods,  and  trusting  to  our  su- 
perior officers  to  inform  us  when  to  retreat,  and 
not  being  able  to  see,  on  account  of  the  woods, 
what  was  going  on  towards  our  right  and  left, 
we  continued  fighting  an  hour,  probably,  after 
every  other  regiment  had  left  the  ground.  The 
consequence  was  inevitable.  We  were  surrounded 
by  ten  times  our  number,  and  though  we  could 
have  fought  until  every  man  of  us  was  slain,  yet 
humanity,  and,  as  I  think,  wisdom,  dictated  that 
we  should  at  last  yield." 

In  a  subsequent  letter  to  his  wife.  Colonel 
Simpson  stated  that  fifty-three  enlisted  men 
were  killed  and  one  hundred  and  twenty-one 
wounded,  out  of  the  six  hundred  whom  he 
took  into  action.  Captain  Mevea,  of  Com- 
pany A,  was  killed,  and  Lieutenant  Charles 


Meyer,  of  the  same  company,  wounded.  The 
brigade  had  gone  into  the  fight  with  twenty- 
eight  hundred  in  its  ranks,  and  but  nine 
hundred  and  sixty-five  answered  to  their 
names  when  the  roll  was  called  in  camp  at 
midnight.  The  First  Regiment  lost  twenty- 
one  killed,  including  Major  David  Hatfield; 
seventy-eight  wounded  and  sixty  missing- 
The  Third  had  thirty-four  killed,  one  hun- 
dred and  thirty-six  wounded  and  thirty-five 
missing.  Lieutenant-Colonel  McAllister,  in 
his  report  of  the  participation  of  the  former 
command  in  the  battle,  spoke  of  Captain 
Pelouze,  of  the  Camden  company,  as  one  of 
whom  "  too  much  cannot  be  said  in  praise." 

During  the  night  after  the  battle  the  shat- 
tered brigade  recrossed  to  the  right  bank  of 
the  Chiekahominy,  and  at  midnight  of  the 
28th  took  up  the  line  of  retreat  by  way  of 
Savage  Station  and  White  Oak  Swamp  to 
James  River.  A  sharp  fight  occurred  at 
White  Oak  Creek,  where  the  Jerseymen  oc- 
cupied a  position  of  peril  between  the  oppos- 
ing lines,  and  were  lucky  to  escape  damage 
by  hugging  the  ground  as  the  shells  flew  over 
them.  They  passed  Malvern  Hill  on  July  1st 
without  being  called  into  the  battle  then  rag- 
ing, and  reached  Harrison's  Landing,  on  the 
James  River,  on  the  morning  of  the  2d. 

On  August  24th  the  brigade  landed  at  Al- 
exandria, McClellan  having  abandoned  the 
Peninsula  and  transferred  his  army  by  water 
to  the  Potomac.  Three  days  afterward  it  was 
pushed  forward  to  Bull  Run  Bridge  and  the 
old  battle-field.  The  First  Regiment  had 
three  hundred  men  fit  for  duty ;  the  Second, 
two  hundred  and  fifty;  the  Third,  three  hun- 
dred and  seventy-five  ;  and  the  Fourth,  sev- 
enty-five. On  this  day,  the  27th,  the  open- 
ing of  Pope's  battle  of  Bull  Run,  it  fought 
for  several  hours  a  much  superior  force  of 
Stonewall  Jackson's  corps,  losing  nine  killed 
and  three  hundred  and  ten  wounded,  missing 
and  prisoners.  Colonel  Taylor  was  severely 
wounded,  and  died  on  September  1st.  Com- 
pelled to  relinquish  the  field,  the  brigade  re- 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


101 


tired  to  Cloud's  Mills,  but  in  a  week  was  on 
the  march  again  with  McClellan's  pursuit  of 
Lee  into  Maryland,  Colonel  A.  T.  A.  Torbert 
having  succeeded  Taylor  in  command.  On 
September  14th  it  won  the  battle  of  Cramp- 
ton's  Gap  by  a  splendid  charge  up  the  side 
of  a  steep  acclivity,  capturing  enough  Spring- 
field rifles  to  arm  the  Fourth  Regiment, 
which  had  been  equipped  with  smooth  bores. 
This  regiment,  which  had  lost  its  colors  at 
Gaines'  Mill,  captured  two  stands  of  rebel 
colors  at  Crampton's  Gap.  At  the  battle  of 
Antietam,  on  the  11th,  it  relieved  Sumner's 
corps  at  midnight  and  was  not  actually  en- 
gaged, although  it  was  for  six  hours  exposed 
to  a  hot  artillery  fire.  At  Fredericksburg, 
December  13th  and  14th,  it  saw  hard  fight- 
ing on  the  left  of  the  line,  and  Colonel  Wil- 
liam B.  Hatch  was  fatally  wounded  in  lea:d- 
ing  the  Fourth  Regiment  to  an  assault.  Pre- 
vious to  this  the  Fifteenth  and  Twenty- 
fourth  Regiments  had  been  added  to  the 
brigade  and  it  had  been  placed  in  the  Sixth 
Corps.  At  Chancellorsville,  on  May  3, 1863, 
it  was  for  two  hours  and  a  half  engaged  with 
Longstreet's  veterans  near  Salem  Church, 
and  the  casualties  footed  up  five  hundred  and 
eleven  men  killed,  wounded  and  missing. 

In  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  it  embraced 
the  First,  Second,  Third  and  Fifteenth  Regi- 
ments and  Hexamer's  battery,  the  Fourth 
Regiment  being  on  provost  duty  at  Wash- 
ington. It  was  on  the  picket  line  during  the 
decisive  fighting  of  July  3d,  and  on  the  5th 
joined  in  the  pursuit  of  Lee. 

While  Grant  was  marshaling  the  army 
for  the  grand  advance,  the  Tenth  New  Jersey 
Regiment  was  assigned  to  the  brigade.  Com- 
pany A,  Captain  Isaac  W.  Mickle ;  Company 
E,  Captain  George  W.  Scott ;  Company  H, 
Captain  John  R.  Cunningham,  and  Company 
I,  Captain  John  Coates,  were  recruited  in 
Camden.  The  brigade  had  three  days  of 
fighting  in  the  Wilderness  during  the  first 
week  of  May,  1864,  and  on  the  10th  took 
part  in  the  celebrated  charge  on  the  Confed- 


erate works  near  Spottsylvania,  in  which  a 
thousand  prisoners  and  several  guns  were 
captured.  On  the  12th  it  was  in  the  furious 
assault  of  that  day  and  the  subsequent  struggle 
over  the  rebel  entrenchments,  "  the  intense 
fury,  heroism  and  horror  of  which,"  Edward 
A.  Pollard  wrote,  "  it  is  impossible  to  de- 
scribe.'' This  was  the  awful  and  stubborn 
contest  in  "  the  bloody  angle,"  and  no  com- 
mand suffered  a  heavier  loss  than  did  the 
five  Jersey  regiments.  They  were  driven 
from  and  retook  the  Gait  House  on  the  14th, 
and  until  the  18th  were  participants  in 
skirmishes  along  the  North  Anna  and  Tolo- 
potomy  Rivers.  At  Cold  Harbor,  June  1st 
to  3d,  they  were  constantly  under  fire.  The 
terms  of  service  of  the  First  and  Third 
Regiments  had  expired  on  May  23d,  but 
they  remained  at  the  front  to  take  part  in  the 
battle  of  Cold  Harbor.  They  reached  Tren- 
ton on  June  7th,  and  were  mustered  out  on 
June  23d.  Of  the  two  thousand  and  sixty- 
eight  officers  and  enlisted  men  who  had  left 
the  State  capital  on  June  28,  1861,  only  three 
hundred  and  forty  returned  for  muster  out, 
of  whom  one  hundred  and  thirty-nine  be- 
longed to  the  First  and  two  hundred  and  one 
to  the  Third  Regiment.  The  Fourth,  with 
the  exception  of  the  men  who  had  re-enlisted, 
returned  from  the  front  August  19,  1864, 
and  was  mustered  out  on  the  next  day  ;  it 
came  back  with  four  hundred  and  twenty- 
four  privates  and  officers,  while  it  had  taken 
one  thousand  and  thirty-four  to  the  field  three 
years  before.  The  re-enlisted  men  of  the 
First  and  Third,  which  ceased  to  exist  as  or- 
ganizations, were  at  first  transferred  to  the 
Fourth  and  Fifteenth,  but  were  subsequently 
consolidated  into  the  First,  Second  and 
Third  Battalions,  and,  with  the  Fourth, 
Tenth  and  Fifteenth  Regiments  from  that 
time  until  February,  1865,  constituted  the 
First  Brigade.  The  Fourth  thus  kept  up  its 
organization  through  its  re-enlisted  men,  and 
thus  has  an  unbroken  history  until  the  termi- 
nation of  the  war. 


102 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


In  July,  1864,  the  brigade  was  sent  with 
the  Sixth  Corps  to  check  Early  in  the  Shen- 
andoah Valley,  and  on  August  17th  delayed 
his  advance  for  six  hours  at  Winchester.  On 
September  1 9th  it  was  in  the  direct  assault 
upon  the  rebel  front  at  Opequan,  and  was 
gallantly  instrumental  in  sending  the  enemy 
"  whirling  up  the  valley."  On  the  22d,  at 
Fisher's  Hill,  it  repeated  its  achievement, 
and  at  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  on  October 
19th,  it  formed  on  the  left  of  the  line  and 
fought  steadily  to  maintain  its  ground,  but 
was  finally  overwhelmed  and  forced  to  retire. 
When  Sheridan,  however,  arrived  upon  the 
scene  and  turned  defeat  into  victory  it  re- 
formed and  did  its  duty  in  the  charge  that 
repulsed  Early  and  ended  the  war  in  the 
valley.  On  December  1st  it  rejoined  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  ;  April  2,  1865,  it  helped 
to  take  the  Confederate  entrenchments  on  the 
Boydton  Plank- Road,  in  front  of  Petersburg, 
and  it  was  close  to  Appomattox  when  Lee's 
surrender  was  made.  Thence  it  was  ordered 
to  Danville,  Va.,  and  not  until  May  24th 
did  it  march  through  Richmond  on  its  way 
northward.  On  June  2d  it  encamped  five 
miles  from  Washington,  where  the  regiments 
were  mustered  out.  At  Trenton  they  were 
dissolved,  and  this  scarred  and  storied  com- 
mand ceased  to  exist. - 

The  following  is  the  roster  of  the  original 
companies  raised  in  Camden  County  that 
were  assigned  to  the  brigade : 

COMPANY  E,  FIEST    BEGIMENT  NEW    JERSEY    VOL- 
UNTEERS. 

[This  compaoy  was  mustered  in  May  23,  1861,  and  mustered  out 
with  regiment,  unless  otherwise  stated.] 

Captains. 

Charles  N.  Pelouze,  res.  Nov.  8,  '62. 

Francis  B.  Holt,  Nov.  6,  '61,  res.  Nov.  27,  '62. 

Mrst  Lieutenants. 

Jamea  B.  Shields. 

A.  Stewart  Taylor,  Nov.  6,  '61,  res.  Nov.  27,  '62. 

H.  M.  Gillman,  Nov.  27,  '62,  viae  Taylor,  res. 

Second  Lieutenants. 

N.  W.Smith,  Dec.  10,  '62, pro.  1st  lieut.  Co.  A,  Feb. 

18,'68. 

Joseph  Ferguson,  Feb.  13,  '63,  par.  pris. 


Firat  Sergeants. 
E.  K.  fiamsey,  pro.  2d  lieut.  Co.  C,  Feb.  13,  '63. 
W.  E.  Vanderslice,  Mar.  1,  '63,  dis.  June  29,  '65. 
Edward  A.  Herman,  dis.  Oct.  21,  '62. 

Sergeants. 
Peter  A.  Grum,  Dec.  8,  '62. 
Samuel  W.  Lesenby. 
William  H.  Good. 

William  H.  Gilbert,  dis.  Sept.  12,  '62. 
Benjamin  H.  Roby,  dis.  May  15,  '65. 

Corporals. 
August  Mulhan,  dis.  June  29,  '66. 
John  W.  Fisher. 
Oscar  Greslius,  May  21,  '61. 
Conrad  Mace,  dis.  June  23,  '65. 
John  C.  Zanders,  died  July  6,  '62,  of  wounds. 
Jacob  Ristine,  killed  June  27,  '62. 
Wm.  McCombe,  killed  Aug.  17,  '64. 
Frederick  C.  Schwarze,  killed  June  27,  '62, 
Henry  Bechtel,  killed  May'  3,  '63. 
Henry  K.  Patton,  died  June  5,  '64,  of  wounds. 
Daniel  Logan,  killed  April  2,  '65. 
Edward  Stehr,  dis.  Nov.  6,  '62. 
Augustus  B.  Conrad,  musician,  dis.  June  29,  '65. 
John  W.  Wilson,  musician. 
James  H.  Pimlotte,  wagoner. 

Privates. 
George  Adams,  killed  May  5,  '64. 
Charles  Alfred. 
David  Anderson. 
William  R.  Anderson. 
Charles  T.  Anthony. 
Joseph  Ailt,  dis.  Oct.  7,  '62.  ' 

Stewart  H.  Allshouse,  dis.  to  join  regular  army. 
John  Brown,  killed  Sept.  14,  '62. 
Fk.  M.  Brown,  Sept.  4,  '62,  must,  out  June  22,  65. 
Jacob  Brunsholly,  dis.  Jan.  27,  '63. 
John  Bruden,  dis.  Feb.  6,  '63. 
Benjamin  Budd,  killed  June  27,  '62. 
James  H.  Carney. 

Fred.  Cappell,  must,  out  Oct.  17,  '65. 
Joseph  Cortledge,  Nov.  26,  '63 ;  dis.  July  22,  '65, 
Samuel  Cline,  dis.  Nov.  4,  '62. 
Albert  Clingman,  killed  June  27,  '62. 
Joseph  Coners,  Sept.  15,  '62. 
William  Cook,  killed  August  27,  '62. 
Thomas  Dalton,  dis.  Nov.  1,  '62. 
Christopher  Dice,  dis.  June  23,  '64. 
Joseph  E.  Dilks,  killed  Sep.  14,  '62. 
Jacob  Dillshaver,  Sep.  19,  '62,  dis.  Jan.  10,  '63. 
Daniel  Driggits,  killed  May  6,  '64. 
Joseph  H.  Dutton,  dis.  Dec.  9,  '63. 
John  Fitzgerald,  dis.  Oct.  3,  '62. 
Joseph  W.  Foster. 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


103 


James  Gilespy,  killed  June  27,  '62. 

Wm.  Gratz,  dis.  Oct.  12,  '61. 

Joseph  Grosklnsky,  died  of  wounds. 

Wm.  L.  Hartman. 

Chas.  Hexamer,  Sept.  30,  '61,- must,  out  Oct.  4,'64. 

John  Hill,  May  23,  '61,  dis.  April  3,  '65. 

Jacoh  Hill,  dis.  May  23,' '64. 

Martin  Hoefle. 

J,ajnes  Hook. 

Ralph  Hopwood- 

Daniel  N.  Hyder,  dis.  Dec.  23,  '63. 

Conrad  Hoover,  Jan.  25,  '64. 

George  W.  Hoquet,  dis.  Oct.  28,  '62,  wounds. 

Wm.  Irion,  must,  out  Aug.  10,  '65. 

Thomas  Jacobs. 

Andrew  J.  Jorden. 

Andrew  J.  Joline,  trans,  to  Co.  E,  4th  Reg. 

John  H.  Kelly,  must,  out  June  29,  '65. 

Chas.  Leonhardt,  Feb.  25,  '64,  dis.  March  24,  '64, 

Chas.  Long,  must,  out  June  29,  '65. 

Edward  Lunny,  dis.  March  23,  '62. 

Alfred  A.  Maulin,  died  Feb.  23,  '63. 

John  Mertz,  Jan.  26,  '64. 

Seth  S.  Mekd. 

John  McDonald,  dis.  Sept.  12,  '61. 

Edward  McDowell,  dis.  July  26,  '62. 

Charles  McLaughlin,  dis.  Jan.  15,  '63,  of  wounds. 

Alexander  McGaukey,  killed  June  27,  '62. 

P. McLaughlin,  Aug,  27,'62,  tr.  to  V.R.C.  Sept.1,'63. 

Edwin  Miles,  died  Nov.  26, '62. 

Samuel  Miller. 

Charles  Munzing,  Feb.  8,  '62,  died  Dec.  20,  '63. 

Charles  Murray. 

William  Neville. 

Patrick  Nolan,  killed  June  27,  '62. 

Charles  P.  Norton,  died  of  wounds. 

Alexander  Oldham,  killed  June  27,  '62. 

Michael  O'Regan,  died  May  16,  '62. 

Gotthelf  Osterday,  must,  out  Aug.  2,  'Ho. 

Simon  Peter,  must,  out  Aug.  2,  '65. 

W.  Posser,  Aug.  28,  '62,  tr.  to  U.  S.  N.  Apr.  18,  '64. 

.Jacob  H.  Plume,  dis.  May  12,  '63. 

John  H.  Redfield,  dis.  July  6,  '65,  of  wounds. 

Edward  C.  Reed,  dis.  Feb.  26,  '63,  of  wounds. 

Thomas  Russell. 

Adam  Schiela,  must,  out  June  29,  '65. 

August  Schwarze,  killed  June  27,  '62. 

John  Skyrm. 

George  Sproud. 

John  C.  Stow,  dis.  May  23,  '64. 

Charles  Sparks,  killed  May  6,  '64. 

William  H.  Swope. 

Peter  Sweeny,  dis.  Aug.  16,  '63. 

Jacob  Tehr,  dis.  July  25,  '65. 

Nathaniel  M.  Wolf,  dis.  Oct.  3,  '62. 


Christopher  Weedman,  must,  out  June  29,  '65. 

Jacob  S.  Wheeler. 

William  H.  Wheaten. 

Emerick  Whitman. 

Charles  Yeager,  killed  June  27,  '62. 

George  W.  Young,  dis.  Feb.  24,  '63. 

Nicholas  Yeager. 

COMPANY    B,  THIRD  EEGIMENT  NEW  JERSEY  VOL- 
UNTEERS (three  year.s). 

[This  company-was  mustered  in  May  26,  1861,  and  mustered  out 
June  23, 1864,  unless  otherwise  stated]. 

Captains. 
Henry  C.  Gibson,  res.  Aug.  21,  1862. 
Richard  D.  Cook,  Sept.  20,  '62  ;  res.  Feb.  16,  '63. 
John  Frantz,  Feb.  17,  1863. 

First  Lieutenants. 
David  Vickers,  Jr.,  pro.  tocapt.  Co.  A  May  31,  '61. 
Franklin  L.  Knight,  May  26, '61 ;   pro.  lieut.-col. 

24th  N.  J.  Regt.  Sept.  12,  1862. 
Wm.  N.  Evans,  Dec.  18,'61;  died  of  wds.  July  14,'62. 
David  Fairly,  July  1,  '62 ;  pro.  to  adjt.  July  14,  '62. 
Griffith  W.  Carr,  Sept.  13,  1862  ;  pro.  to  capt.  Co. 

K,  23d  Regt.,  April  18,  1863. 
Abraham  M.  Salmon,  Oct.  15,  1863. 

Second  Lieutenants. 
Baldwin  Hufty,  Jan.  6,  1862  ;  pro.  1st  lieut.  Co.  E 

Aug,  13,  1862. 
Oscar  Westlake,  Aug.  13,  '62  ;  pro.  1st  lieut.  Co.  D 

Dec.  10,  '62. 
James  Dalzell,  Dec.  10,  '62,  pro-  from  sergt.  Co.  D. 

First  Sergeants. 
Howard  S.  Vandegrift,  killed  May  3,  '63. 
Mathias  Lambson,  pro.  2d  lieut.  Co.  E  July  16,  '62. 
.John  S.  Clark. 

Sergeants. 
Hamilton  Johnson. 

Geo.  T.  Westcott,  pro.  2d  lieut.  Co.  C  Oct.  16,  '62. 
Nathan  C.  Jones: 

Fred.  Mervine,  killed  in  action  May  8,  1864. 
Rich.   A.  Curtis,  pro.  2d  lieut.  Co.  C  July  3,  1862. 
William  Page,  disch.  Oct.  27,  1862. 
William  H.  Smith. 
Wm.  B.  Philips,  disch.  Nov.  5,  1862. 
Chas.  A.  McClung,  pro.  sergt. -maj.  Sept.  6,  1862. 
Samuel  B.  Pine,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C- 

Corporals. 
Fred.  W.  Sowby. 
William  J.  Mills. 
Thomas  W.  Clark. 

Edwin  Phillips,  disch.  Sept.  18,  1862. 
John  M.  Lewis,  disch.  Oct.  17, 1862. 
Arthur  H.  Merry,  killed  in  action  June  27,  1862. 
Wm.  Ross,  died  of  wds.  May  14,  1863. 
John  K.  Prankish,  killed  in  action  May  9,  1864. 


104 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Wm.  B.  Smith,  killed  in  action  May  12,  1864. 

Wm.  Marsh,  musician,  disch.  May  17,  1865. 

Jona.  Demaris,  musician,  disch.  March  30,  1862. 

Wm.  A.  Shinn,  wagoner. 

James  Ross,  wagoner. 

Privatei. 

Adam  Adams,  killed  in  action  June  27,  1862. 

John  Blair,  trans,  to  V.  E.  C. 

Armand  Bressillon. 

Charles  Bressillon,  disch.  Oct.  4, 1862. 

Samuel  Broadhurst,  disch.  June  29,  1866. 

Geo.  S.  Bromley.- 

Newton  M.  Brooks. 

Edward  Browning,  died  of  wounds  May  12,  '64. 

Patrick  Burns,  disch.  June  6,  '65. 

JohnL.  Campbell,  Nov.  21,  '62;  dis.  July  13,  '65. 

Theodore  Casper,  disch.  Nov.  11,  '61. 

Mordecai  Clossen,  disch.  Jan.  31,  '63. 

John  W.  Coates. 

John  Conway. 

Francis  W.  Coull,  disch.  (disability)  Dec.  3,  '62. 

Allen  Coull,  killed  in  action  June  27,  '62. 

Titus  Crawshaw,  disch.  Nov.  19,  '62. 

Henry  De  Ford,  disch.  Dec.  20,  '62. 

Edward  Y.  Diament,  disch.  Dec.  8,  1862. 

James  Dillon,  disch.  June  29,  1865. 

Henry  Edwards,  must,  in  Dec.  17,  1862. 

Jehu  Evans,  Jr.,  pro.  Isfc  lieut.  Co.  A,  4th  Begt. 

Charles  F.  Fackler,  disch.  May  20, 1862. 

Thomas  D.  Farris,  disch.  March  19,  '63. 

August  Fisher,  must,  out  June  29, 1865'. 

Peter  J.  Fox,  killed  in  action  May  12,  1864. 

Wm.  Gibson,  disch.  Aug.  16,  '65. 

H.  H.  Goldsmith,  pro.  to  2d  lieut.  Co.  A,  23d  Eegt. 

Thompson  Gordon. 

Henry  Gorman. 

John  Bamberger,  Jan.  7,  '62 ;  disch.  Jan.  21,  '65. 

Mahlon  Harden. 

John  T.  Harrison. 

John  Harkinson. 

Wm.  T.  Harvey,  disch.  March  29,  '62. 

James  Henry. 

Brockington  Hollis. 

James  Hollingsworth,  died  of  wds.  Oct.  30,  '62. 

Lewis  C.  Hong,  killed  in  action  June  1,  '64. 

Joseph  C.  Johnston,  disch.  Nov,  8,  '62. 

Joseph  King,  disch.  Oct.  6.  '62. 

George  W.  Loughlin,  disch.  May  13,  '63. 

John  G.  Lewallin,  Sept.  11,'61 ;  disch.  Feb.  11,  '63. 

Elwood  Lock,  died  of  wds.  June  28,  '62. 

Martin  Lokeman,  Oct.  10,  '62 ;  disch.  July  10,  '65. 

Nathaniel  P.  Long,  must,  in  Oct.  18,  '62. 

Albert  Lukens,  disch.  June  16,  '64. 

J.  Harrison  Lupton,  disch.  Sept.  16,  '62. 

Alfred  Marshland,  disch.  April  11,  '63. 


Samuel  Martin,  disch.  April  19,  '63. 

John  D.  McCoy,  Jan.  10,  '62 ;  died  July  21,  '62. 

John  McLees,  died  of  wds.  June  30,  '62. 

Martin  McNully,  killed  in  action  May  3,  '63. 

John  D.  McWey,  disch.  Sept.  3,  '65. 

Theodore  W.  Merrihew. 

Archibald  Neimo. 

John  M.  Phillips. 

Thomas  L.  Phillips,  disch.  Sept.  24,  '62. 

George  G.  Bicker,  Jan.  6,  '62 ;  disch.  June  28,  '65. 

Charles  Robinson,  disch.  June  29,  '65. 

Franklin  Robinson,  died  Nov.  24,  '63. 

Nathaniel  P.  Senz,  must,  in  Oct.  18,  '62. 

Philip  Shank. 

Peter  Sherris,  Sept.  16,  '61 ;  disch.  Aug.  13,  '62. 

Benj.  F.  Shinn,  trans,  to  Co.  G. 

Geo.  Shade,  must,  in  Dec.  5,  '62. 

Grisby  H.  Snow. 

John  W.  Slocum,  disch.  Feb.  23,  '63. 

Charles  H.  Smith,  disch.  July  28,  '62. 

Cooper  Smith,  disch.  Dec.  2,  '62. 

John  Spence. 

Thomas  C.  Surran. 

Albert  Talmadge. 

Jos.  E.Taylor,  Jan.  10,  '62;  disch.  June  29,  '65. 

J.  Fred.  Taylor,  disch.  April  10,  '62. 

Stephen  Tomkinson,  killed  in  action  Dec.  4,  '61. 

Armand  Trimble,  disch.  May  20,  '62. 

Edward  Trussell,  disch.  Feb.  11,  '63. 

Alex.  J.  Walker,  died  of  wds.  May  12,  '63. 

Erasmus  R.  Webb,  disch.  July  7,  '64. 

S.  Williams,  Sept.  12, '61;  trans,  to  Co.  B,  15th  Egl. 

Wallace  Williams,  trans  to  U.  S.  Navy. 

Jacob  Wise,  must,  out  June  23,  '64. 

Thomas  Westfall,  disch,  Sept.  13,  '61. 

Robt.  F.  Wood,  disch.  Sept.  15,  '62. 

Charles  H.  Wright,  must,  in  Jan.  21,  '62. 

Wm.  T.  G.  Young,  disch.  May  31,  '64. 

rOMPANY    A,     FOURTH    EEGIMENT     NEW     JERSEY 
VOLUNTEERS. 

[This  fonipany  was  mustered  in  August  9,  1861,  and  mustered  out 
with  regiment  unices  otherwise  stated.] 

Captains. 
Charles  Meves,  killed  in  action  June  27,  '62. 
Charles  Meyer,  Aug.  30,  '62,  vice  Meves,  killed. 
Josiah  Shaw,  Aug.  9,  '63. 

Ellas   Wright,   Dec.    13, '62 ;  pro.  to  maj.  U.  S.  C. 
John  M.  Crammer,  Nov.  26,  '64. 

First  Lieutenants. 
J..Evans,  Jr.,  Aug.  30,  '62 ;  pro.  to  adjt.  Nov.  26,  '62. 
Chas.  tl.  Hatch,  Nov.  26,  '62  ;  res.  Mar.  29,  '64. 
Frank  E.  Mailey,  April  24,  '64. 
Leander  Brevier,  Feb.  2,  '65;  pro.  to  adj.  June  4,  '65 
Peter  Lanning,  June  4,  '65. 


THE  WAR  FOE  THE  UNION. 


105 


Second  Lieutenants.  . 
Charles  Lisenbarth,  res.  Sept.  13,  '61. 
Fritz  W.  Schroeder,  Sept.  21,  '61 ;  dis.  Oct.  11,  '62. 
Edwd.  M.  Anderson,  Nov.  5,  '62  ;  pro.  1st  It.  Co.  K, 

^Tov.  12,  '63. 
Griffin  P.  Lillis,  Jan.  31,  65 ;  pro.  1st  lieut.  Co.  H, 

June  4,  '65. 

First  Sergeant. 
Samuel  B.  Keeler,  Aug.  17,  '61. 
Sergeants. 
Joseph  Brady. 
George  Wilson,  Dec.  8,  '64. 
Erail  Jaerin,  Jan.  3,  '65. 
Frederick  Wool,  disch.  Mar.  12,  '63. 
Theodore  Krugg,  disch.  Aug.  8,  '62,  of  wounds. 
Chas.  Helmouth,  disch.  May  3,  '64,  of  wounds. 
John  Greipp. 
John  Mergenthaler. 
Theodore  Schreiber,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 

Corporah. 
Joseph  Lippe,  disch.  Feb.  16,  '62. 
Louis  Deike,  Aug.  22,  '61 ;  disch.  April  24,  '63. 
Edward  Dike,  disch.  Sept.  16,  '61. 
Gottfried  Whitman. 
Thomas  Desmond,  Aug.  13,  '61. 
John  O'Neil,  Jan.  11,  '65  ;  killed  in  ac.  Ap.  2,  '65. 
John  Miller,  disch.  May  31,  '64,  of  wounds. 
Joseph  Schlatter,  killed  in  action  May  6,  '64. 
Jean  G.  Veltier,  disch.  Aug.  14,  '62- 
George  Schuh,  disch.  Feb.  16,  '63. 
Adam  Riekerts. 
John  Lynch,  Dec.  15,  '64. 
John  H.  Reardon,  Jan.  12,  '65. 
Jos.  Harding,  Feb.  16,  '64 ;  disch.  July  8,  '65. 
Jos.  Hodgeson,  Sept.  29,  '64;  disch.  May  17,  '65. 
Saml.  Hill,  musician,  Aug.  12,  '63. 
Robt.  Clow,  mus.,  Sept.  15,  '62 ;  disch.  May  17,  66. 
Charles  Lyons,  wagoner,  Aug.  13,  '61. 

Privates. 
Christian  Adelar,  died  July  8,  '62,  in  And'spnville. 
Andw.  Anderson,  Mar.  3,  '65  ;  disch.  July  9,  '66. 
John  Adshead,  disch.  July  7,  '65. 
David  Batthalia,  Dec.  30,  '64;  disch.  July  9,  '65. 
Frederick  Bauer,  disch.  July  18,  '65. 
Otto  Bender,  Aug.  22,  '61 ;  killed  in  ac.  .June  27,  '62. 
Lewis  Binder,  disch.  Oct.  30,  '62. 
John  Britton,  Jan.  11,  '65. 
George  Brombacher,  disch.  Feb.  18,  '63. 
John  Brown  (1),  Dec.  30,  '64 ;  disch.  July  9,  '66. 
John  Brown  (2),  Jan.  18,  '65 ;  disch.  July  9,  '65. 
James  Brown,  Jan.  16,  '65. 
Wm.  Brown,  Dec.  7,  '64 ;  died  Feb.  9,  '66. 
Christian  Burger,  disch.  June  6,  '62. 
John  Burghart,  killed  in  action  June  27,  '62. 
14 


John'Barr,  Jan.  12,  '66. 

Michael  Cavanagh,  Jan.  5,  '65. 

James  Chester,  Jan.  5,  '65. 

George  Clark,  Mar.  30,  '65. 

John  Clark,  Jan.  17,  '65  ;  disch.  April  28,  '65. 

Albert  Clement,  disch.  Dec.  25,  '62. 

Robt.  Corson,  Jan.  5,  '64 ;  disch.  July  9,  '65. 

Alfred  Conklin,  Sept.  2,;62  ;  disch.  Aug.  25,  '64. 

Geo.  Cowpe,  Sept.  30,  '64;  disch.  May  17,  '65. 

Peter  Cox,  died  Jan.  1,  '65. 

John  Deihl,  Jan.  25,  '64;  killed  in  ac.  June  3,  '64. 

Christian  Diehl. 

John  Dickinson,  Jan.  12,  '66, 

John  Diehl,  disch  Mar.  3,  '62. 

Henry  Dietrich,  March  25,  '65 ;  disch.  July  9,  '65. 

Martin  Effinger,  died  April  12,  '62. 

John  Elrah,  Aug.  27,  '62  ;  died  Jan.  3,  '65. 

Andw.  Faudre,  April  8,  '65 ;  disch.  July  10,  '66. 

Francis  Fecht,  disch.  March  31,  '62. 

Frederick  Killian. 

Charles  Fessman. 

Heinrich  Finger,  disch.  Aug.  19,  '64. 

Frederick  Fisher,  Dec.  28,  '64 ;  disch,  July  9,  '65. 

Jacob  Fleck,  disch.  Dec.  24,  '62. 

Christian  Floel,  March  30,  '65 ;  disch.  May  3,  '65. 

Jacob  Fox,  August  22,  '61 ;  disch.  Jan.  20,  '63. 

Jacob  Gallatin,  disch.  Jan.  4,  '62. 

Henry  Gollman,  April  7,  '63 ;  disch.  April  14,  '63. 

John  Gundling,  disch.  Dec.  3,  '62. 

Ludwig  Gundling,  died  Nov.  16,  '63. 

John  Haines,  Jan.  4,  '65. 

Gilmore  Hall,  Jan.  4,  '66 ;  disch.  July  9,  '65. 

Charles  Hambrecht,  died  Nov.  8,  '62,  of  wounds. 

John  Hart,  Jan.  10,  '66. 

George  Hays,  Jan.  11,  '65 ;  disch.  July  9,  '65. 

Ernest  Hassenbein,  Dec.  12,  '64. 

Valentine  Henricus,  killed  in  action  May  12,  '64. 

George  Hetchner,  killed  in  actioa  May  6,  '64. 

Emanuel  Herbert. 

Charles  Heitman,  disch.  March  3,  '62. 

James  Hines,  Dec.  29,  '64 ;  disch.  July  9,  '65. 

Jacob  Hirsch. 

Geo.  Holzmann,  Aug.  22,  '61 ;  disch.  Dec.  19,  '62. 

Andw.  J.  Hopkins,  July  8,  '64;  disch.  July  9,  '65. 

Jacob  Hucke. 

Patk.  Hurley,  Sept.  28,  '64;  disch.  May  17,  '65. 

Thomas  Jackson,  Dec.  19,  '62. 

John  Jack,  Oct.  7,  '64 ;  trans,  to  Company  D. 

Charles  Jacobson,  Dec.  9,  '64;  disch.  July  9,  '66. 

John  Kane,  Jan.  12,  '66;  disch.  July  9,  '65. 

Philip  Keifer,  Aug.  22,  '61 ;  disch.  Aug.  20,  '64. 

James  Kelly,  Jan.  10,  '65 ;  trans,  to  Company  I. 

Christopher  Kiefer,  disch.  Aug.  15,  '61. 

John  F.  Killmer,  Dec.  20,  '64;  disch.  July  9,  '65. 

Herman  Kisshauer,  Jan.  7,  '65;  disch.  June,  '65. 


106 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Edward  Krause,  disch.  June  16,  '65. 

Christian  Krause,  disch.  March  21,  '63. 

Eudolph  Kleffer,  disch.  Aug.  15,  '62. 

Wendle  Kuntz,  disch.  Sept.  26,  '62. 

John  Lawson,  Jan.  6,  '65  ;  disch.  July  9,  '66. 

John  Lenk. 

Francis  Leonard,  January  16,  '65. 

John  Louis,  killed  in  acti.on  June  27,  '62. 

Charles  Lutz,  disch.  Sept.  26,  '62. 

John  McCarty,  Jan.  10,  '65;  disch.  July  9,  '65. 

Lawrence  McDonald,  Jan.  11,  '65. 

Thos.  McMahon,  Aug.  29,  '61;  disch.  Jan,  30,  '63. 

George  Metz. 

George  Millar,  disch.  May  14,  '63. 

Fred'k  Mondinger,  March  25,  '65;  disch.  July  9,  '65. 

Wm.  W.  Morse,  March  24,  '65 ;  disch.  July  9,  '65. 

Gustavus  Moses,  March  25,  '65. 

Michael  Murphy,  Jan.  13,  '65;  disch.  July  9,  '65. 

Leopold  Myers,  Dec.  9,  '64;  trans,  to  Battery  A. 

Leonard  Nargaug. 

John  Nelson,  Dec.  7,  '64. 

Wm.  F.  Nesbit,  Jan.  11,  '65  ;  trans,  to  West'n  A'y- 

John  G.  Nutt,  Jan.  4,  '65  ;  disch.  June  12,  '65. 

Wm.  J.  Parkhill,  Aug.  10,  '64 ;  disch.  June  22,  '65. 

Charles  Randolph,  March  24,  '65. 

Allen  Rathford,  Jan.  6,  '65. 

Henry  Reinhardt,  disch.  Sept.  13,  '62. 

Ludwig  Reinhardt,  disch.  Sept.  13,  '62. 

Michael  Rielly,  Aug.  17,  '64,  disch.  June  22,  '65. 

Charles  Riley,  Aug.  17,  '64;  trans.  toV.  R.  C. 

Jacob  Rhode,  killed  in  action  June  27,  '62. 

Albert  Ross,  Jan.  12,  '65  ;  disch.  July  9,  '65. 

John  Ryan,  Feb.  13,  '64  ;  disch.  July  9,  '65. 

.lames  Rice,  Jan.  5,  '65. 

William  Riley,  Jan.  10,  '65. 

James  Rogers,  Dec.  7,  '64. 

Conrad  Rosch,  disch.  April  23,  '63. 

George  Roth,  disch.  Jan.  3,  '63. 

Johan  Roth,  disch.  Jan.  3,  '63. 

Jolin  Sohack. 

George  Schick. 

Joseph  Scherm. 

John  Schmidt. 

David  W.  Schneider,  Jan.  22,  '62. 

George  Schneider,  Jan.  10,  '65. 

Joseph  Schneider. 

John  P.  Schuster,  Jan.  22,  '64. 

Frederick  Schneider,  Dec.  13,  '64,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Joseph  Schaler,  Mar.  30,  '64. 

Sebastian  Schaub,  dis.  Mar.  21,  '63. 

William  Schneider,  dis.  Mar.  10,  '62. 

Michael  Schnepp,  dis.  April  30,  '62. 

Conrad  Seibolt,  dis.  Nov.  8,  '62. 

Joseph  Shaw,  Oct.  3,  '64,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Henry  Sherbrook,  Jan.  6,  '65,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 


Solomon  Smallwood,  Jan.  6,  '64,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

James  Smith,  Aug.  11,  '63,  dis.  May  3,  '65. 

John  Smith,  Jan.  16,  '65. 

Sebastian  Smith,  Jan.  2,  '64. 

William  Smith,  Jan.  13,  '65. 

William  Souville,  Jan.  16,  '65. 

William  B.  Smith,  Jan.  10,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  G. 

Henry  Strick,  dis.  Jan.  14,  '62. 

William  Swenson,  Jan.  5,  '65,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

William  Spitz,  dis.  April  29.  '62. 

Johnson  Stockton,  dis.  Aug.  15,  '61. 

George  Treide,  dis.  Dec.  25,  '62. 

William  Tyler,  Jan.  11,  '65. 

Christopher  Ulrich,  died  Oct.  29,  '62. 

Jacob  Vanvaler,  Aug.  5,  '64,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Charles  Wagner,  Jan,  12,  '65,  dis.  May  3,  '65. 

August  Weinknecht,  dis.  Oct.  29,  '62. 

Jesse  Wheeler,  dis.  Aug.  23,  '64. 

Charles  H.  White,  Feb.  6,  '62,  dis.  Nov.  2,  '62. 

Peter  Williams,  Dec.  7,  '64,  killed  April  2,  '65. 

Christopher  Williams,  Jan.  12,  '65,  dis.  July  9,  '65, 

John  White,  July  7,  '64,  died  April  22,  '65,  of  wds, 

Charles  Woerner,  dis.  Jan.  10,  '63. 

John  Watson,  Jan.  5, '65. 

Edward  Waugh,  Jan.  10,  '65. 

Andrew  Wesler. 

Christopher  Wesler. 

James  Wilson  (1),  Aug.  11,  '63. 

James  Wilson  (2),  Dec.  13,  '64. 

James  Wilson  (3),  Jan.  16,  '65. 

Samuel  Wilson,  Jan.  6,  '65. 

John  F.  Wilson,  Dec.  12,  '64,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Herman  Woerner,  Mar.  25,  '65,  dis.  .July  9,  '65. 

John  Wolfe,  Dec.  10,  '64,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

John  Woerner,  died  at  Andersonville  Aug.  9,  '64. 

Anthony  Wolf,  died  Aug.  1,  '62. 

.John  Wolfe,  Dec.  10,  '64,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Charles  Wood,  Dec.  12,  '64,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

COMPANY  F,  FOURTEENTH  REGIMENT  NEVi'  .JERSEY 

VOLUNTEERS. 

[This  company  was  mustered  iu  August  15,  1861,  aud  imietpved  out 

August  17, 18t'i4,  unless  otherwise  stated.] 

Captains. 
N.  B.  Aaronson,  Aug.  17, '61,  res.  Sept.  23,  '62. 
Samuel  M.  Gaul,  Oct.  13,  '62,  wre  Aaronson,  res. 
Joseph  S.  Heston,  June  4,  '65,  vice  Gaul,  must.  out. 

First  Lieutenants. 
T,  M.  Fetter,  Aug.  17,'61,  p.  capt.  Co.  K  Dec.21,'61. 
J.  M.  Pearson,  Dec.  21,  '61,  p.  capt.  Co.  K  Jan!  8,'63. 
H.  W.  Jackson,  Jan.  8,  '63,  p.  brt.  lieut.-col.  Mar. 
13,  '65. 

Second  Lieutenants. 
F.  G.  Aaronson,  Aug.  17,  '61,  res.  Sept.  26,  '62. 
W.  McElhaney,  May  16,  '63,  pro.  adjt.  July  7,  '63. 
D.  R,  Forgus,  Jan.  31,  '65,  resigned  June  14,  '65. 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


lOY 


First  Sergeants. 
Frank  E.  Mailey,  pro.  Ist  lieut.  Co.  A,  Apl.  24,  '64. 
John  Dimond,  killed  in  action  June  27,  '62. 
David  D.  Hamell. 

Jacob  F.  Nesson,  must,  out  July  9,  '65. 
Ashley  B.  Lucas,  pro.  q.  m.-sergt.  May  1,  '65, 

Sergeants. 
Samuel  J.  Penner. 

James  C.  Sloane,  pro.  q.  m.-sergt.  Oct.  20,  '61. 
Thomas  W.  Mooney,  pro.  sgt.-majorNov.  4,  '61. 
James  Houghtaling,  mtist.  out  July  12,  '65, 
Joseph  B.  Holmes,  must,  out  July  9,  '65. 
William  Coote,  pro.  sgt.-major  May  1,  '65. 
George  I.  Gesmeyer,  dis.  Feb.  28,  '63. 
Charles  H.  Jewell,  died  Nov.  27, '64,  of  wounds. 
Benjamin  Linton,  killed  in  action  May  12,  '64. 

Corporals. 
Horatio  S.  Howell,  pro.  q.  m.-sergt.  Sept.  6,  '63. 
John  W.  Messick,  Aug.  26,  '64.  dis.  June  25,  '65. 
John  Elbertson,  dis.  July  22,  '64. 
Lorenzo  Jess,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 
Samuel  P.  Budd,  Jan.  19,  '64,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 
John  McLiester,  Dec.  13, '64,  dis.  July  9, '65. 
James  H.  Brown,  Dec.  24,  '64,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 
Francis  F.  Souders,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 
John  E.  McCowan,  dis.  Nov.  6,  '62. 
Valentine  W.  Brown,  dis.  Dec.  3,  '62. 
Richard  F.  Stone,  dis.  Oct.  3,  '62. 
Miles  Bakely,  trans,  to  U.  S.  Navy. 
Francis  Soper,  mus'n,  Aug.  20,  '61,  dis.  Sept.  8,  64. 
James  Dean,  musician,  Sept.  3,  '63,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 
James  H.  Carter,  musician,  dis.  Aug.  15,  '63. 
John  Camp,  wagoner,  Feb.  12,  '64,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 
Walter  B.  Ayres,  wagoner,  dis.  Sept.  19,  '62. 

Privates. 

Jonat'n  Abbott,  dis.  Jan.  30,  '63,  of  wds.  rec.  in  act. 

William  W.  Adler,  Mar.  28,  '65,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Henry  Adler,  died  July  26,  '62. 

Charles  E.  Archer. 

Henry  Ashback,  Dec.  27, '64,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Joseph  Bates,  died  Mar.  10,  '62. 

William  Bailey,  Dec.  14,  '62,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Steward  D.  Bakeley,  dis.  July  25,  '65. 

Charles  Bakeley,  dis.  Oct.  20,  '61,  wds.  rec.  in  act. 

Joseph  Bakeley,  died  Dec.  1,  '63. 

Michael  Bannon,  July  13,  '64,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Joseph  A.  Beckett,  dis.  Nov.  29,  '62. 

Samuel  Bentley,  Jan.  13,  '65. 

Abel  Biddle. 

Edward  Bohn,  Dec.  20,  '64,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Edwin  Boles,  March  16,  '64. 

Jos.  E.  Boustead. 

Alfred  E.  Bourden,  Jan.  19,  '64,  dis.  June  10,  '65. 

Chas.  Bowman,  Jan.  6,  '65,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 


John  Boyle,  Dec.  21,  '64,  tr.  to  Co.  I,  10th  Regt. 
Peter  Borne,  March  25,  '65. 

Wm.  H.  Briggs,  dis.  Aug.  26,  '64. 

James  Brewster,  dis.  March  20,  '63. 

John  P.  Brown,  dis.  Aug.  19,  '64. 

Henry  W.  Brown,  dis.  Oct.  8,  '62. 

Daniel  Brown,  Jan.  13,  '65. 

John  P.  Brown,  Aug.  19, -'64. 

Jas.  Britton,  Jan.  18,  '65. 

Patrick  O.  Bryan,  March  28,  '65,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Geo.  B.  Budd,  died  July  7,  '62,  of  wounds  in  action. 

John  H.  Burdick,  Dec.  21,  '64. 

Wm.  Butcher,  Feb.  5,  '64. 

Bernard  Calhoun,  Dec.  13,  '64. 

Thomas  Casey,  Jan.  18,  '65. 

Abraham  E.  Casto,  dis.  Oct.  7,  '62. 

George  W.  Chew,  killed  June  27,  '62. 

Jacob  W.  Clement,  Jan.  21,  '64,  killed  May  12,  '64. 

John  W.  Cotner. 

Charles  C.  Craner,  dis.  Jan.  17,  '63. 

George  Crispin,  Dec.  19,  '64. 

James  Daley,  Jan.  13,  '65. 

William  Davis,  Dec.  15,  '64. 

Joseph  Debler,  Jan.  14,  '65,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Joseph  C.  Dorell,  killed  June  27,  '62. 

John  De  Garme. 

John  Dimond,  Jan.  16,  '65. 

John  Doyle,  Jan.  16,  '65,  dis.  July  28,  65. 

Pat'k  Dunn,  June  5,  '61,  died  Sept.  20,  '64,  of  wds. 

Wm.  G.  Eldridge,  died  July  4,  '62. 

Franklin  E8tlack,dis.  Sept.  13,  '64, 

Charles  P.  Fish,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Charles  B.  Fithian,  Dec.  15,  '64. 

Harrison  Flanigan. 

James  Galbraith,  dis.  Nov.  8,  '62. 

James  Gardner,  Jan.  10,  '65. 

Henry  Glock,  Jan.  9,  '65,  dis.  June  26,  '65- 

James  Goodwin,  Jan.  10,  '65. 

Charles  Gouger,  killed  in  action  June  27,  '62. 

John  Grace,  May  25,  '64,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

John  R.  Grubb,  dis.  Aug.  19,  '64. 

David  Gripton,  Jan.  13,  '64. 

David  Harris,  Dec.  15,  '64,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Joseph  Hand,  dis.  Oct.  7,  '62. 

John  N.  Hazard,  Feb.  10,  '65,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Henry  F.  HenSman,  died  May  31,  '62. 

John  Hicks,  Jan.  9,  '65,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Wm.  H.  Hilman,  dis.  Oct.  7, '61. 

Charles  Hillman,  July  6,  '64. 

Samuel  Hoffman,  Dec.  13,  '64. 

Francis  Horner,  Feb.  12,  '62. 

John  E.  Holeton,  died  July  1,  '62. 

John  Hutwell,  Jan.  10,  '65. 

Lewis  Jackson,  Dec.  17,  '64. 

Thomas  Jackson,  Jan.  16,  '65,  dis.  June  15,  '65. 


108 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Bowers  Jess. 

Joseph  Johnson,  Jan.  18,  '65,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Henry  L.  Johnson,  April  9,  '64,  dis.  May  28,  '64. 

Henry  Kessler,  Aug.  19,  '64,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Joshua  Killingbacls,  dis.  Sept.  14,  '64. 

William  B.  King,  dis.  May  20,  '62. 

John  King,  Dec.  20,  '64. 

John  King,  Jan.  13,  '65. 

John  Klaus,  Jan.  14,  '65. 

Richard  Lahey,  Feb.  13,  '64,kld.  in  act.  May  6,  '64. 

Jacob  D.  Lawrence. 

John  W.  Lane,  Jan.  13,  '65. 

John  W.  Leonard,  Jan.  13,  '65. 

James  Lewis,  Jan.  13,  '65. 

George  W.  Lewis. 

John  Logan,  dis.  Oct.  6,  '62. 

Wm.  Louderback,  dis.  Feb.  12,  '63. 

Emmett  McLaughlin,  Aug.  29,  '64,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Patrick  McLaughlin,  Feb.  7,  '65,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Thomas  McLaughlin,  dis.  Feb.  12,  '68. 

James  McBride,  Jan.  18,  '65. 

Wm.  McCabe,  Jan.  10,  '65. 

John  McPherson,  Jan.  16,  '65. 

John  Miller,  Jan.  4,  '65,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Neal  Munroe,  March  27,  '65,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Charles  Muhler,  Jan.  16,  '65,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Wm.  T.  Mead,  dis.  Dec.  19,  '62. 

Jacob  S.  Minks,  Feb.  6,  '64,  dis.  Aug.  16,  '65. 

Edward  Mosely,  dis.  Feb.  12,  '63. 

Frederick  Mumberger,  Jan.  16,  '65. 

Owen  Mullen,  Jan.  16,  '65. 

Richard  Murphy,  Jan.  12,  '65,  dis.  July  28,  '65. 

George  Mix,  Jan.  5,  '64,  died  Sept.  8,  '64. 

Francis  Nugent,  Jan,  11,  '65. 

Henry  O'Brien. 

Michael  O'Brien,  Dec.  19,  '64. 

Burton  K.  Price,  Jan.  13,  '63. 

Thomas  P.  Potts. 

Hugh  Quigley,  Jan.  14,  '65. 

Owen  O.  Eatigan,  Jan.  10,  '65,  dis.  Aug.  24,  '65. 

Patrick  Bine,  Jan.  10,  '65, 

Thomas  Ryan,  March  24,  '65,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Frank  0.  Roberts,  Jan.  18,  '65. 

Thomas  D.  Sawn. 

James  Schwernan,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

John  Schitenhelm,  Dec.  1 2,  '64,  dis.  June  26,  '65. 

George  W.  Scott,  dis.  Dec.  13,  '63. 

John  Sheppard,  Dec.  20,  '64,  dis.  July  12,  '65. 

Washington  Sheeltz. 

Dayid  Sleven,  May  20,  '62. 

James  Shaw,  Dec.  20,  '64. 

John  Sheppard,  Jan.  11,  '65. 

Clement  Schy,  killed  June  27,  '62. 

Patrick  Smith,  Jan.  12,  '65. 

John  Smith,  Jan.  10,    65. 


Wm.  Smith,  Jan.  10,  "65,  dis.  July  6,  '65. 

Eleazer  Stark. 

Thomas  S.  Stevens. 

William  Stephens,  Sept.  24,  '64,  dis.  July  9,  05. 

John  S.  Sturges,  dis.  June  14,  '65. 

Jacob  Sturges,  wounded,  died  Oct.  19,  '64. 

Charles  L.  Test,  dis.  Jan.  24,  '63. 

John  C.  Tibbies. 

Joseph  E.  Ware,  killed  Sept.  14,  '62. 

John  Weathers,  Jan.  16,  '65,  dis.  July  9,  '65. 

Sylvester  Weaver,  Jan.  18,  '65. 

Edward  Welch,  Jan.  13,  '65. 

William  F.  Wilke,  dis.  Jan.  24,  '63. 

John  Wilson,  Jan.  9,  '65. 

Thomas  Williams,  Jan.  16,  '65. 

John  T.  Williams,  March  24,  '65,  dis.  July  9,  '05. 

John  Wright,  Jan.  18,  '65. 

Wm.  Wright,  Jan.  18,  '65. 

Richard  Yapp,  dis.  July  14,  '62. 

COMPANY    G,   FOUETH   REGIMENT   NEW  JERSEY 

VOLUNTEERS. 

[This  company  was  mustered  in  August  17,  1861,  and  mustered  out 

July  9,  1865,  unless  otherwise  stated.] 

Captains. 
Henry  M.  Jewett,  disch.  Apr.  15,  '63,  wounded. 
M.  Lambson,  May  16,  '68,  disch.  Oct.  19,'64,  wd. 
Wm.  McElhaney,Nov.  26,'64,  bvt.  It.-col.  Apr.  2,'65. 

First  Lieutenants. 
Samuel  M.  Gaul,  pro.  capt.  Co.  F  Oct.  18,  '62. 
J.  S.  Heston,  May  16,'63,  pro.  capt.  Co.  F  June  4,'65, 

Second  Lieutenants. 
Elias  Wright,  pro.  1st  lieut.  Co.  D  Jan.  3,  '62, 
Edgar  Whitaker,  Jan.  3,  '62,  resig.  July  25,  '62. 
J.  E.  Bradford,  Sept.  6,'62,  pro.  1st  It.  Co.  H  May  16, 

'68. 
Caleb  M.  Wright,    May  16,  '63,  pro.  capt.  Co.  C 

Oct.  5;  '64. 
P.  Lanning,  Jan.  31,'65,  pro.  1st  It.  Co.  A  June  4,'65. 

First  Sergeants. 
Samuel  E.  Taylor,  pro.  to  2d  It.  Co.  E  Jan.  8,  '03. 
John  E.  Doughty,  nro.  sergt.-major  Jan.  1,  '65. 
Wm.  E.  Cavalier,  Nov.  12,  '61. 
I.  J.  Pine,  Aug.  28,  '61,  killed  in  action  June  27,'62. 

Sergeants. 
Samuel  B.  Fisher. 
A.  D.  Nichols,  Nov.  1 2,'61,  pro.  1st  It.  Co.  B  Feb.l3, 

'65. 
Jos.  R.  Westcott. 

Jos.  H.  Martin,  pro.  com.-sergt.  Aug.  27,  '61. 
Samuel  H.  Cavalier,  pro.  2d  It.  Co.  C  Feb.  13,  '65. 
Jno.  M.  Crammer,  pro.  1st  It.  Co.  A  Oct.  5,  '64. 
Alfred  Webb. 
Dilwyn  V.  Purington,  Aug.  23,'61,    pro.  qr.  m.-sgt. 

Aug,  26,  '62. 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


109 


Leander  Houghtaling,  disch.  June  6;  '65. 

J.  M.Cavalier.Aug.  28,'61,killed  in  act'n  June  27,'62. 

Corporals. 
S.  B.  Carter,  Aug.  23,  '61,  died  May  17,'64,  of  wds. 
George  W.  Thompson,  killed  in  action  Dec.  13,'(52. 
Phineas  Atkinson,  disch.  May  10,  '62. 
Richard  R.  Robins,  disch.  Aug.  21,  '62. 
James  Snow,  Nov.  12,  '61,  disch.  Nov.  29,  '62. 
James  H.  Nugent. 
Walter  W.  Woodward. 
John  S.  Nichols,  Nov.  12,  '61. 
Wm.  H.  Crowley. 
Lewis  Bender. 

W.  A.  Burnett,  Feb.  1,  '64,  disch.  June  6,  '65. 
Chas.  R.  Brown,  Oct.  18,  '61,  must,  out  Oct.  18,'64. 
W.  F.  Gaul,  musician. 
Lewis  Watson,  musician. 
Gilbert  Bird,  wagoner. 

Privates. 
David  W.  Adams,  Aug.  23,  '61. 
Joseph  Adams,  disch.  May  10,  '62. 
James  Allen,  Jan.  11,  '65. 
Wm.  W.  Anderson,  disch.  May  17,  '62. 
Louis  Arnold,  Jan.  18,  '65. 
John  E.  Amit,  died  Jan.  23,  '62. 
Wm.  Applegate,  died  Jan.  10,  '63. 
John  H.  Austin. 
Charles  Bampton,  Dec.  6,  '64. 
Stephen  Bailey,  disch.  Oct.  16,  '62. 
Thomas  Bennett. 
Thomas  Bird. 

Elisha  B.  Bird,  disch.  Dec  20,  '63. 
John  Boggs. 

Adam  Brown,  Jan.  13,  '66,  disch.  June  21,  '65. 
James  Brown,  Jan.  13,  '65. 
James  H.  Bunting,  disch.  Feb.  7,  '63. 
John  Burke,  Dec.  14,  '64. 
Michael  Cain,  Jan.  11,  '65. 
John  W.  Camp. 

John  C.  Cavalier,  trans,  to  U.  S.  N.  April  6,  '64. 
Chas.  B.  Carter,  Aug.  23,  '61,  disch.  Nov.  10,  '62. 
Lafayette  Carter,  Dec.  7,  '62,  disch.  May  10,  '64. 
Ernest  Cavalier,  Dec.  7,  '64,  disch.  Mar.  6,  '65. 
Wm.  A.  Channells,  must,  out  July  9,  '65. 
Lyonel  G.  Clifford,  Aug.  23,  '61,  died  Mar.  15,  '62. 
James  Connor,  Dec.  13,  '64. 
Isaac  Cooke,  Dec.  7,  '64. 

Napoleon  Cote,  Dec.  12,  '64,  disch.  July  12,  '65. 
Joseph  Connelly,  disch.  Oct*  17,  '62. 
C.  Cramer,  Feb.  26,  '64,  died  Dec.  12,  '64,  of  wnds. 
Thomas  Cummings,  Dec.  6,  '64. 
John  Davis,  Jan.  11,  .'65. 
Charles  Davis,  Jan.  18,  '65. 
Jasper  N.  Dick,  disch.  June  10,  '63. 


John  Dipple,  May  25,  '64. 

Benj.  B.  Doughty,  Aug.  23,  '61,  died  June  6,  '62. 

George  Edwards,  Aug.  20,  '61. 

Thomas  Erwin,  Jan.  10,  '65. 

Richard  Felian,  Dec.  6,  '64. 

John  Fisk,  Jan.  13,  '66. 

Henry  Fletcher,  Jan.  9, '66. 

Joseph  Ford. 

Wm.  Ford,  Feb.  10,  '64. 

J.  W.  Ford,  Nov.  26,  '61,  killed  in  act'n  June  27,'62. 

Samuel  C.  Ford,  killed  in  action  Sept.  14,  '62. 

Augustus  Fraley,  May  25,  '64. 

James  Galbreth,  Jan.  18,  '63. 

Aaron  Gardner. 

Abraham  Garrabrant,  Oct.  15,  '64. 

John  F.  Gaul,  Oct.  17,  '61,  died  June  29,  '62. 

Daniel  Gibson,  Jan.  13,  '65. 

Charles  Gilroy,  Jan.  10.  '65. 

Daniel  Glass,  Dec.  8,  '64. 

William  Green,  Jan.  11,  '66. 

Isaac  Gifford,  dis.  July  11,  '62. 

John  P.  Grant,  dis.  Oct.  15,  '62. 

William  Goff,  Nov.  13,  '61 ;  dis.  Aug.  16,  '64. 

Wm.  A.  Goff,  Nov.  29,  '61 ;  died  May  11,  '64,  of  wds. 

Wait  Gober,  Aug,  17,  '61 ;  killed  in  act.  May  12, '64. 

Thomas  Haggerty,  Dec.  8,  '64. 

John  F.  Haines,  died  June  19,  '62. 

James  Hale,  Jan.  11,  '66. 

Henry  C.  Hamilton,  Feb.  6,  '65. 

John  Hamilton,  Jan.  11,  '65. 

John  Hampton,  Jan.  11,  '65. 

Lewis  Hart,  Jan.  6,  '65. 

George  W.  Harris,  Dec.  8,  '64 ;  dis.  July  18,  '65. 

Chas.  H.  Hatch,Oct.24,'61 ;  pr.sgt.-maj.  Oct.  28,'61. 

Thomas  Hayes,  Jan.  16,  '65  ;  dis.  June  6,  '65. 

Daniel  Higgins,  Dec.  10,  '64. 

Elmer  Johnson,  dis.  Aug.  14,  '62. 

Elisha  Johnston,  Aug.  23,  '61 ;  dis.  Aug.  27,  '62. 

M.W.  Johnson,  Aug.  10,  '61;  kid.  in  act.  June  27,'62. 

Thomas  Jones,  Dec.  8,  '64. 

William  P.  Rears,  Aug.  26,  '61. 

William  Kelly,  Jan.  16,  '66. 

Joseph  Kendall,  Aug.  23,  '61. 

John  King,  Mar.  29,  '66 ;  must,  out  July  9,  '65. 

Anthony  Larricks,  Feb.  27,  '64. 

Peter  Larricks,  killed  in  action  May  6,  '64. 

Charles  W.  Leek,  died  Aug.  8,  '62. 

Joseph  Leach,  Aug.  23,  '61 ;  dis.  Nov.  14,  '62. 

George  Lee,  Dec.  10,  '64. 

JohnT.  Lewis,  Aug.  15,  '61;  dis.  Aug.  20,  '64. 

Joseph  Logan,  Jan.  12,  '66. 

Robert  Love,  died  Sept.  5,  '62. 

James  Long,  Jan.  13,  '65. 

John  0.  Matthews,  must,  out  Oct.  20,  '64. 

Thomas  Mahoney,  Dec.  6,  '64. 


110 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Daniel  Mason,  died  March  17,  '(12. 

Isaac  R.  Mathiaa,  died  Oct.  8,  '62. 

James  McCabe,  Dec.  10,  '64. 

Saml.  W.  McCollum,  Aug.  23,  '61  ;  died  May  6,  '62. 

Camilla  Meyer,  Sept.  24,  '64  ;  discb.  June  22,  '65. 

Alfred  H.  Miller. 

Jobn  E.  Miller,  Jan.  13,  '65. 

Thomas  Miller,  Nov.  12,  '61 ;  discb.  Mar.  4,  '62. 

Edward  J.  Miller,  Aug.  3,  '64 ;  died  Sep.  28,  '64. 

Hezekiah  Morton,  must,  out  Aug.  19,  '64. 

John  Moore,  Nov.  29,  '61;  must,  out  July  12,  'H^>. 

Exel  Morey,  disch.  Mar.  14,  '63. 

Benjamin  Morton,  discb.  Oct.  16,  '62. 

Japhet  Mosbrooks,  Feb.  13,  '64;  dis.  Mar.  L'S,  '64. 

Parker  Mullica,  died  Mar.  27, '62. 

Thomas  Murray,  Jan.  12,  '65. 

James  Nash,  Jan.  13,  '65. 

Israel  Nicholas,  disch.  Feb.  19,  '63. 

Frank  O'Neil,  Dec.  8,  '64. 

Joseph  Perrine. 

William  Phillips,  Jan.  13,  '6;".. 

James  Price,- Jan.  12,  '65. 

Robert  S.  Pine,  must,  out  Oct.  14,  '64. 

Chas.  Pharo,  Nov.  12,  '61 ;  disch.  Nov.  28,  '62. 

Charles  Pulaski,  Sept.  21,  '64;  dis.  June  22,  '65. 

John  Recourt,  Oct.  4,  '64;  died  June  5,  '65. 

James  Eiley,  Jan.  11,  '65. 

John  Ryan,  Jan.  19,  '65. 

Joseph  Salvatore,  Dec.  8,  '64  ;  disch.  Mar.  21,  '65. 

Henry  C.  Shelmire,  Feb.  29,  '64. 

George  W.  Shelmire,  Feb.  29,  '64. 

John  Shields,  Nov.  29,  '61 ;  disch.  July  9,  '62. 

William  A.  Smith,  Jan.  11,  '65. 

John  Smith,  Jan.  11,  '65. 

William  B.  Smith,  Jan.  11,  '65. 

William  Smith,  Jan.  13,  '65 ;  trans,  to  Co.  A. 

Lewis  M.  Silance,  March  2,  '65  ;    trans,  to  Co.  H. 

John  Snyder,  Aug.  5,  '61. 

Uriah  Spragg,  Nov.  29,  '61,  disch.  Nov.  4,  '62. 

F.  Steinbock,  Sept.  24,  '64;  must,  out  June  22,  '65. 

Samuel  S.  Stewart,  must,  out  Sept.  13,  '64. 

Alfred  Souders,  must,  out  Aug.  21,  '65. 

Byard  E.  Turner,  Nov.  12,  '61  ;  died  at  Anderson - 

ville  Sept.  5,  '64. 
Patrick  Torney,  Deo.  9,  '64. 
Jacob  Walker,  Sept.  21,  '64;  died  Nov.  26,  '64. 
a.  J.  Walters,  Feb.  26,  '64 ;  died  May  31 ,  '64,  of  wds. 
William  H.  Weeks,  disch.  May  19,  '62. 
James  Ward,  Sept.  16,  '64. 
Charles  Woodward,  killed  in  action  June  27,  '62. 

COMPANY    H,   POUKTH     EEGIMENT     NEW     JERSEY 

VOLUNTEERS. 

[This  companj  was  mustered  in  August  17,  1861,  and  mustered  out 

July  9,  1865,  unless  otherwise  stated.] 

Captains. 
John  Reynolds,  res.  Sept.  6,  '62. 


Wm.  R.  Maxwell,  Oct.  22,  '62,  died  Feb.  28,  '64. 
Dav.  Flannery,  April  24,  '64,  vice  Maxwell,  dec. 

First  Lieutenants. 
Thos.  R.  Grapewine,  res.  Oct.  17,  '62. 
Howard  King,  Oct.  21,  '62,  pr.  capt.  Co.  C. 
John  Bradford,  May  16,  '63,  dis.  April  22,  '65. 
Griffin  P.  Lillis,  June  4,  '65. 

Second  Lieutenants. 
Jas.  W.  Lowe,  dis.  Oct.  22,  '61. 
Chas.  G.  Hatch,  Oct.  29,  '61,  res.  Sept.  3,  '63. 
John  V.  Case,  Sept.  16,  '62,  must,  out  Oct.  16, '64. 

First  Sergeants. 
John  McLean,  Aug.  24,  '61. 
Jos.  R.  Wells,  pr.  tosgt.-maj.,  June  10,  '63. 
Joshua  F.  Stone,  tr.  to  V.  R.  C.  Feb.  15,  '64. 

Sergeants. 
Abijah  Doughty,  Aug.  23,  '61,  m.  out  July  12,  '65. 
Thos.  S.  Bonney,  pr.  to  ser.-maj.  Aug.  20,  '61. 
Josiah  Shaw,  pr.  2d  lieut.  Co.  B. 
Geo.  W.  Marshal. 
Abraham  M.  Tice. 
Archibald  Scott. 
Wm.  Criblier,  dis.  Oct.  18,  '62. 
Jas.  B.  Wells,  dis.  March  1,  '63. 
Edw.  F.  Kane,  tr.  to  S.  Corps  Aug.  1,  '63. 
Charles  W.  Lowe,  d.  July  16,  '62,  of  wounds. 

Corporals. 
John  D.  Cooper,  Nov.  1,  '61. 
Geo.  I.  Risley,  Nov.  10,  '61,  m.  out  July  6,  '65. 
Wm.  C.  Doughty,  Oct.  18,  '61. 
John  Cavanaugh,  Feb.  23,  '64. 
John  Van  Hook. 

Geo.  Hoffman,  Dec.  5,  '61,  m.  out  Aug.  17,  '65. 
Lewis  Perney,  dis.  June  13,  '65. 
Christopher  J.  Mines,  Jan.  21, '64,  dis.  Aug.  3,  '65. 
Ch.  F.  Currie,  Aug.  23,  '61,  tr.  to  S.  C.  Aug.  1,  '63. 
Benj.  F.  Mitchell,  d.  July  20,  '62,  of  wounds. 
John  Lyons,  musician,  Sept.  26,  '61. 
E.  J.  Strickland,  m.,  Aug.  15,  '61,  dis.  Aug.  20,  '64. 
Geo.  D.  Cook,  muse,  Sept.  23,  '61,  dis.  Sept.  9,  '62. 
Wesley  J.  Price,  wagoner,  Nov.  10,  '61. 

Privates.' 
Richard  Ashworth,  Sept.  30,  '64,  tr.  to  Co.  A. 
Francis  R.  Bavis,  Aug.  24,  '61,  dis.  Aug.  14,  '62. 
Moses  Blan chard,  Jan.  17,  '65. 
Peter  Blanchard,  April  3,  '65. 
John  Bohen,  Jan.  10,  '65,  tr.  to  Co.  C. 
John  Bosse,  Jan.  16,  '65,  tr.  to  Co.  E. 
Thos.  Bozarth. 
Peter  Brunell,  March  28,  '65. 
Michael  Bush,  Jan.  16,  '65.    • 
David  R.  Brown,  d.  March  18,  '65. 
Michael  Cahill,  Jan.  17,  '65. 


THE  WAR  FOR  JHE  UNION. 


Ill 


John  Carpenter,  Jan.  18,  '65. 

George  H.  Cassaboon,  di3.  Aug.  18,  '65. 

John  Champion,  Aug.  24,  '61. 

John  Clark,  Jan.  17,  '65. 

Henry  Colbert,  Feb.  4,  '64. 

Michael  Conway,  Jan.  17,  '65. 

Th.  Clevenger,  Feb.  5,  '64,  d.  June  1,  '64,  of  wds. 

Joseph  Connelly,  Aug.  24,  '61. 

George  Covvpe,  Sept.  30,  '64,  tr.  to  Co.  A. 

John  Dannenberger,  dis.  Oct.  14,  '64. 

Thomas  Davis,  Feb.  23,  '64,  taken  prisoner. 

Richard  S.  Davis,  Feb.  4,  '64. 

Chas.  H.  Dilks,  m.  out  Oct.  7,  '64. 

George  Dilks,  Nov.  1,  '61,  dis.  Nov,  1,  '64. 

William  Dolson,  Feb.  22,  '65. 

David  Doorman,  July  23,  '64. 

John  Dimond,  Jan .  18,  '65. 

David  Doughty,  d.  Aug,  4,  '62,  of  wounds. 

Frederick  Drink  water,  April  4,  '65. 

Daniel   Dugan,  Jan.  17,  '65. 

James  Eaton,  Jan.  17,  '65. 

William  Early,  Jan.  15,  '64,  d.  Aug.  26,  '64. 

Jesse  G.   Eastlack,   d.  March  27,  '63,  of  wounds. 

John  Edwards,  Jan.  15,  '64. 

Charles  O.  Eisele,  Jan.  23,  '64. 

Charles  Fabian,  Jan.  14,  '65. 

Thomas  Farrell,  Jan.  17,  '65. 

Edward  Fitzer,  Feb.  8,  '64,  dis.  Aug.  14,  '65. 

Thos.  Fleet. 

Corson  Ford,  Feb.  24,  '65. 

Edw.  V.  Force,  Nov.  1,  '61,  killed  .lune  27,  '62. 

George  Garrison,  Aug.  24,  '61,  dis.  Sept.  22,  '62. 

D.  Gaupp,  Dec.  1,  '61,  d.  Aug.  15,  '64,  in  rebel  pr. 
Wm.  J.  Gibbs,  Aug.  24,  '61. 

Th.  Gibbs,  Feb.  9,  '64,  dis.  June  27,  '65,  of  wounds. 

.John  Green,  Jan.  16,  '64. 

Joseph  Green. 

John  Guare,  Jan.  18,  '65. 

Jacob  Gwintert,  March  28,  '65. 

Michael  Haggerty,  Jan.  18,   '65. 

Morgan  Hall,  Jan.  15,  '64,  killed  May  12,  '64. 

James  Hendricks,  Sep.  3,  '62,  dis.  May  3,  '65. 

James  Higgins. 

Thomas  Hodgson,  Aug.  24,  '61,  dis.  March  3,  '63. 

Samuel  HoflFman,  Dec.  5,  '61. 

Henry  Holeman,  Nov.  1,  '61 ;  dis.  April  14,  '63. 

John  Horriden,  Jan.  16,  '63. 

E.  A.  Jeffayes,  Feb.  9,  '64 ;  tr.  to  V.  R.  C.  July  27,  '65. 
Bowie  Johnson,  Jan.  16,  '65. 

Thomas  Johnson,  Jan.  18,  '65. 

Frank  Jones,  Nov.  1,  '61 ;  dis.  March  22,  '62. 

William  O.  Johnson,  trans,  to  8.  Corps. 

Thomas  Johnson,  Nov.  10,  '61. 

Daniel  Kane,  Oct.  1,  '63 ;  died  Sept.  6,  '64,  of  wounds. 

William  Kelsey,  Nov.  1,  '61. 


B.  J.  Kindle,  Feb.  1,  '64 ;  died  May  31,  '64,  of  wounds. 
William  King,  Jan.  18,  '65. 

Thomas  King,  Jan.  18,  '65. 

Joshua  Korn,  Nov.  1,  '61 ;  dis.  May  4,  '62. 

John  Lannigan,  Aug.  23,  '61  ;  dis.  Oct.  22,  '61. 

Theophilus  Lane,  .Ian.  15,  '64. 

William  Leak,  must,  out  Aug.  18,  '64. 

Lewis  L.  Liebenlist,  Feb.  10,  '64 ;  dis-  April  2,  '64. 

Henry  Logan,  March  25,  '65. 

Zachariah  Martz. 

John  L.  Maston,  Jan.  18,  '65. 

James  Mattson,  dis.  Sept.  24,  '62. 

John  McClure,  Aug.  23,  61 ;  dis.  June  4,  '62. 

Wm.  McDowell,  Jan.  11,  '64 ;  killed  June  3,  '64. 

Lewis  McPherson,  must,  out  Aug.  19,  '64. 

William  McClune,  Jan.  17,  '65. 

John  McLaughlin,  Feb.  13,  '64. 

George  W.  Messick,  dis.  May  15,  '62. 

Charles  Messner,  Jan.  14,  '65. 

George  Meyers,  Nov.  1,'61 ;  must,  out  July  9,  '65. 

Thomas  Murphy,  Jan.  17,  '65. 

George  W.  Mossbrooks,  dis.  Dec.  8,  '62. 

Jonathan  Munson,  Feb.  12,  '64;  killed  May  6,  '«4. 

.Tohn  Myers,  Jan.  18,  '66. 

.Tohn  W.  Newell,  Jan.  18,  '65. 

John  Nolan,  Jan.  17,  '65. 

Hugh  Norry,  Jan.  16,  '65. 

Robert  J.  Owens,  Nov.  1,  '61 ;  dis.  Oct.  17,  '62. 

John  B.  Pancoast,  Aug.  23,  '61;  dis.  Dec.  22,  '62. 

Charles  W.  Potter,  Aug.  24,  '61 ;  killed  June  27,  '62. 

George  W.  Phifer,  Nov.  1,  '61;  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

George  T.  Raybold,  must,  out  Aug.  19,  '64. 

John  W.  Richmond,  Feb.  22,  '65. 

John  W.  Rickard,  Nov.  1,  '61 ;  dis.  Nov.  I,  '64. 

James  Ross,  Jan.  15,  '64. 

Elwood  Robart,  dis.  Aug.  20,  '62. 

Aaron  Rubart,  Jan.  18,  '65. 

Bartholomew  Ryan,  Feb.  21,  '65. 

William  H.  Sanders,  Nov.  10,  '61. 

William  Sohenck. 

John  C.  Schenck,  Aug.  23,  '61 ;  dis.  Jan.  17,  '63. 

Henry  Schonawald,  March  27,  '65. 

Charles  Schwartz,  dis.  Aug.  19,  '64. 

John  W.  SchafFer,  Jan.  4,  '64. 

Lewis  M.  Silance,  March  2,  '65. 

James  Smith,  must,  out  Aug.  4,  '65. 

Herman  Stehr,  Aug.  21,  '61;  must,  out  Sept.  8,  '64, 

John  W.  Streeper,  Feb.  1,  '64;  dis.  June  28,  '65. 

Andrew  R.  Snyder,  dis.  Dec.  24,  '62. 

C.  Stierle,  Feb.  4,  '64;  died  May  12,  '64,  of  wounds. 
Philip  Stoy,  Dec.  6,  '61 ;  died  May  18,  '62. 
Demas  Struap,  Jan.  4,  '65. 

David  Surran,  Aug.  24,  '61. 

Joseph  Thomas. 

Walter  B.  Thomas,  Nov.  8,  '61. 


112 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Eli  Thompson. 

Sheppard  Thompson,  must,  out  July  22,  '65. 

Thomas  Thompson. 

Felix  Thomas,  killed  in  action  May  5,  '64. 

John  W.  Thomas. 

Archibald  Tice. 

Leonard  Tice,  killed  in  action  Dec.  13,  '62. 

August  Tubert,  March  28,  '65. 

Cornelius  Tubbs,  Jan.  18,  '65. 

B.  F.  Upham,  Aug.  22,  '61 ;  must,  out  Sept.  23,  '64. 

Joseph  Van  Hook,  died  Oct.  80,  '62. 

Benjamin  Vernon,  Oct.  28,  '61 ;  died  June  29,  '64. 

William  H.  Wagner,  must,  out  Aug.  20,  '64. 

John  W.  Walters. 

Jacob  Watson,  Dec.  1,  '61. 

William  Westcott,  killed  in  action  Dec.  13,  '62. 

Henry  C.  Williams,  Dec.  1,  '61 ;  dis.  Aug.  14,  '62. 

David  Wood,  Feb.  8,  '64. 

John  W.  Wood,  Feb.  8,  '64. 

William  Zanes,  Dec.  5,  '61.  ■ 

Jacob  Zimmerman,  Aug.  23,  '61. 

The  Second  Brigade. — Camden  County 
was  also  strongly  represented  in  the  Second 
New  Jersey  Brigade  of  three  years'  troops, 
which  was  composed  of  the  Fifth,  Sixth, 
Seventh  and  Eighth  Regiments.  Companies 
D,  E,  G,  I  and  K,  of  the  Sixth,  were  raised 
in  Camden  County,  and  the  regiment  was 
mustered  into  the  United  States  service  at 
Camp  Olden,  Trenton,  August  19,  1861. 
The  Sixth  left  the  State  on  September  10th, 
with  thirty-eight  commissioned  officers  and 
eight  hundred  and  sixty  non-commissioned 
officers  and  privates.  At  Washington  it 
went  into  camp  at  Meridian  Hill,  and  in  De- 
cember the  four  regiments  reported  to  Gen- 
eral Hooker,  at  Budd's  Ferry,  Maryland, 
when  they  were  brigaded  as  the  Third  Bri- 
gade, Hooker's  division  ;  afterwards  as  the 
Third  Brigade,  Second  Division,  Third 
Corps ;  then  as  the  First  Brigade,  Fourth 
Division,  Second  Corps ;  and  lastly  as  the 
Third  Brigade,  Third  Division,  Second 
Corps. 

At  Williamsburg,  Virginia,  May  5,  1862, 
it  was  in  the  thickest  of  the  battle,  losing 
overlive  hundred  men,  among  whom  was 
Lieutenant-Colonel  John  P.  Van  Leer,  of  the 
Sixth,  a  citizen  of  Camden,  and  thirty-eight 


killed  and  seventy-eight  wounded,  of  the 
same  regiment.  On  June  1st,  at  Turner's 
Farm,  General  Hooker  placed  himself  at  the 
head  of  the  Fifth  and  Sixth  Regiments  and 
"  charged  straight  into  and  through  the 
woods,  breaking  the  rebel  lines  and  driving 
the  encQiy  in  great  confusion  for  a  consider- 
able distance,  recovering  all  the  ground  lost 
by  Casey's  division  and  ending  the  fight  for 
the  day  on  that  part  of  the  line." 

The  other  battles  of  the  Peninsular  Cam- 
paign in  which  the  Sixth  took  part  were 
Fair  Oaks,  June  25th;  Glendale,  June  30th; 
and  Malvern  Hill,  July  It^t  and  August  20tli. 
In  this  campaign  the  Second  New  Jersey 
Brigade  had  six  hundred  and  thirty-four  of- 
ficers and  men  killed  and  wounded  out  of  its 
total  strength  of  twenty-seven  hundred. 
From  the  swamps  it  was  moved  to  reinforce 
Pope,  and  bore  the  brunt  of  the  engagement 
at  Bristow  Station,  on  July  27th,  and  was  an 
active  participant  in  the  fighting  of  the  four 
.succeeding  days  at  Bull  Run  and  Chantilly. 
In  this  series  of  disastrous  battles  that 
eclipsed  Pope's  military  fame  its  ranks  were 
depleted  to  the  extent  of  two  hundred  and 
forty-eight  killed,  wounded  and  missing,  the 
Sixth's  share  being  one  hundred  and  four, 
or  more  than  double  that  of  any  other  of  the 
four  regiments.  The  report  of  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  George  C.  Burling,  commanding  the 
Sixth,  says,— 

"  Wednesday  morning,  August  27th,  marched  in 
the  direction  of  Manassas,  and  when  near  Bris- 
tow's  Station  found  the  enemy  in  force.  In  a 
short  time  we  met  the  pickets  and  drove  them  in. 
We  were  then  ordered  to  take  an  advanced  posi- 
tion on  a  hill  to  the  right  in  front  of  us,  which  we 
gained  without  loss  under  a  terrible  fire  of  shell 
from  the  enemy.  We  were  then  ordered  to  relieve 
the  Second  New  York,  Eighth  New  Jersey  and 
One  Hundred  and  Fifteenth  Pennsylvania  Eegi- 
inents,  who  were  engaged  on  the  right.  Immedi- 
ately on  reaching  our  new  position,  the  enemy 
fled  in  great  confusion,  leaving  their  dead  and 
wounded  in  great  numbers  on  the  field.  We  pur- 
sued them  for  two  miles  and  encamped  for  the 
night.     August  28th,  pursued  the  enemy  through 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


113 


the  day  and  encamped  near  Blackburn's  Ford  that 
night. 

"  August  29th,  left  camp  at  three  o'clock,  A.  m.^ 
pursuing  the  enemy  through  Centreville,  down 
the  Warrington  Road.  Crossing  Bull  Run  at  ten 
A.  M.,  we  formed  a  line  of  battle  and  advanced,  in 
the  woods,  to  relieve  one  of  General  Sigel's  regi- 
ments, where  we  found  the  enemy  in  force  behind 
the  embankment  of  an  old  railroad.  After  deliv- 
ering and  receiving  several  volleys,  we  charged 
and  drove  them  from  their  position,  when  they  re- 
ceived reinforcements,  and  were  compelled  to  fall 
back  nearly  fifty  yards,  which  position  we  held 
until  we  were  relieved  by  the  Second  Maryland 
Regiment.  During  this  engagement  Colonel  G. 
Mott  and  Major  S.  R.  Gilkyson,  while  gallantly 
encouraging  their  men,  were  wounded. 

"  August  30th,  formed  a  line  of  battle  about 
four  o'clock,  P.  M.,  and  were  ordered  to  support 
batteries  to  the  right  and  rear  of  the  position  we 
had  held  the  day  before-  Through  some  misun- 
derstanding, my  regiment  being  on  the  right,  the 
other  regiments  composing  the  brigade  were  with- 
drawn without  my  knowledge,  leaving  me  in  a 
very  critical  position.  The  enemy  makin  g  a  charge 
upon  the  batteries  in  front,  compelling  them  to 
fall  back,  I  determined  to  resist  their  advance, 
when  to  my  astonishment  I  found  we  were  flanked 
right  and  left ;  I  then  ordered  the  regiment  to  fall 
back  in  the  woods,  which  was  done  in  order,  and 
thus  checked  the  advance  of  the  enemy  in  front.  At 
this  time,  finding  the  flanks  of  the  enemy  rapidly 
closing  round  us,  the  only  safety  for  my  command 
was  to  retreat.  In  trying  to  extricate  ourselves 
from  the  critical  position  in  which  we  were  placed 
my  command  suffered  severely.  I  was  enabled  to 
rally  my  regiment  on  a  hill  in  close  proximity  to 
the  battle-field,  under  the  shell  of  the  enemy, 
where  we  remained  in  line  of  battle  until  ordered 
by  the  ranking  officer  to  fall  back  to  Centreville, 
where  we  joined  the  brigade  the  following  morn- 
ing." 

Captains  T.  W.  Baker  and  T.  C.  Moore 
are  alluded  to  as  displaying  especial  gal- 
lantry. 

At  Chancellorsville,  on  May  3, 1863,  Gen- 
eral Mott  having  been  wounded,  General 
William  J.  Sewell '  took  command  of  the 
brigade  and  distinguished  himself  by  taking 
it  into  a  charge  Avhich  a  correspondent  of  the 

1  See  history  of  West  .Jersey  Railroad  in  chapter  on 
Public  Internal  Improvements  for  sketch  of  General 
Sewell. 

15 


Washington  Chronicle  described  as  "  one  of 
those  splendid  achievements  seldom  occur- 
ring in  this  war  so  far,  but  which,  when  oc- 
curring, cover  a  soldier's  career  with  imper- 
ishable glory."  The  brigade's  loss  in  this 
engagement  was  three  hundred  and  seventy- 
eight,  six  killed  and  fifty-nine  wounded  be- 
ing credited  to  the  Sixth. 

Colonel  Burling  was  commander  of  this 
brigade  at  Gettysburg,  where  it  did  noble 
service  on  the  afternoon  of  July  2d.  He  sent 
the  Sixth  into  the  Devil's  Den,  where  it  lost 
one  man  killed  and  thirty-two  wounded. 

The  next  engagement  for  the  Sixth  after 
Gettysburg  was  the  skirmish  at  McLean's 
Ford,  on  Bull  Run,  October  15th.  On  May 
6,  1864,  in  the  Wilderness,  and  on  the  10th 
and  12th,  around  Spottsylvania  Court-House, 
it  was  in  the  most  perilous  positions  of  those 
hard-fought  fields,  and  behaved  with  much 
gallantry  in  the  charge  on  the  salient  held 
by  Ewell's  Confederates,  in  which  three 
thousand  prisoners  and  thirty  guns  were 
taken.  Adjutant  C.  F.  Moore  and  Lieuten- 
ant Note  brought  off  one  of  these  guns  with 
a  squad  of  the  Sixth  and  turned  it  upon  the 
enemy.  Seven  hundred  men,  killed  and 
wounded,  were  subtracted  from  the  brigade 
on  that  terrible  12th  of  May. 

Between  June  3d  and  21st  the  Sixth  partici^ 
pated  in  the  fighting  on  the  north  bank  of 
the  James  River,  and  the  attacks  on  Peters- 
burg. Its  losses  in  May  and  June  were  six- 
teen killed,  ninety-nine  wounded  and  eight 
missing.  Its  final  engagement  was  near 
Deep  Bottom,  James  River,  August  14th  to 
18th,  when,  its  three  years  of  service  having 
expired,  it  was  ordered  to  report  at  Trenton, 
and  was  mustered  out  September  7th. 

The  roster  of  the  Camden  County  com- 
panies of  this  regiment  is  appended  : 

COMPANY  D,  SIXTH   REGIMENT  NEW  JERSEY  VOL- 
UNTEERS, 

[This  company  was  mustered  in  August  26,  1861,  and  mustered  out 
September  7, 1864,  unless  otherwise  stated]. 

Captain. 
Geo.  E.  Wilson,  Sept.  9,'61,  must,  out  Sept.  7,  '64. 


114 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNT-Y,  NEW  JERSEY. 


First  Lieutenants. 
J.  Willian,  Sept.  9,  '61,  pro.  capt.  Co.  C  July  11,  '62. 
T.  F.  Field,  Jan.  2,  '63,  pro.  capt.  Co.  H  June  9,'63. 
F.  Young,  Sept.  21,  63,  pro.  capt.  Co.  I  Aug.  8,  '64. 

Second  Lieutenant . 
Wm.  H.  Kinly,  Sept.  9,  '61,  resig.  Jan.  11,  '63. 

First  Sergeants- 
Pat.  Riley,  Aug.  9,  "61,  killed  in  action  May  5,  '62. 
Thos.  J.  Keegan,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 

Sergeants. 
Eli  H.  Baily. 
Mahlon  F.  Ivins. 

Wm.  D.  Smith,  disch.  Nov.  21,  '63. 
Joseph  Wollard,  killed  in  action  May  5,  '62. 
Edgar  Hudson,  killed  in  action  July  2,  '63. 

Corporals. 
Amos  Ireland. 

Thos.  B.  Jordan,  disch.  Dec.  29,  '62. 
Thos.  Bates,  Sr.,  disch.  Oct.  15,  '62,  of  wounds. 
Frank  W.  Pike,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 
John  E.  Maxwell,  disch.  Sept.  1,  '64. 
Wm.  C.  Poole,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C.  Sept.  1,  '63. 
Samuel  Ogden,  disch.  Aug.  26,  '64. 
Jesse  T.  Bailey,  killed  in  action  May  3,  '63. 
Chas.  F.  Jess,  musician. 
Jas.  Pollock,  musician,  disch.  July  3,  '62. 
Chas.  C.  Sturgess,  musician,  disch.  Aug.  25,  '64. 
Jacob  Clark,  wagoner,  Oct.  19,  '61. 
8.  W.  Crammer,  wagoner,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 

Privates. 
Christian  Anderson,  must,  out  April  1,  '65. 
James  Abernathy,  disch.  Dec.  11,  '62. 
Eobert  Anderson,  Aug.  9,  '61. 
Wm.  D.  Anderson,  Aug.  9,  '61. 
Daniel  P.  Bendalow,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 
John  Berry  man. 
Thomas  Barrott. 
Eobert  N.  Black. 
Wm.  Black. 
James  Bradley. 

Henry  Black,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 
Eobert  Booth,  must,  out  Aug.  2,  '64. 
J.  T.  Boyle,  June  30,  '63,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 
Patrick  Boylon. 
Wm.  E.  Britton. 
James  P.  Britton. 
Allen  Brown. 

James  Booth,  disch.  July  24,  '62. 
Thos.  Bottomly,  disch.  Jan.  29,  '63. 
Conrad  Briokhardt,  May  25,  '64,  disch.  Nov.  21,  '64. 
Jos.  P.  Busha,  disch.  Feb.  11,  '64. 
Michael  Campbell. 
Thomas  Calvert,  disch.  May  26,  '62. 
John  Cloren,  died  Oct.  11,  '62. 


Timothy  Cloren,  killed  in  action  May  5,  '62. 

Wm.  Conard. 

Jacob  Cowan,  Aug.  29,'61,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 

Woodard  Cox,  disch.  Dec.  1,  '62,  of  wounds. 

Joseph  P.  Davis,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 

Henry  Deats,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 

James  Devlin. 

John  Dowell,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 

Samuel  English. 

Joseph  L.  Ervin,  disch.  Dec.  11,  '61. 

John  Fitzgerald,  killed  in  action  May  5,  '62. 

J.  W.  Ford,  April  2,  '62,  killed  in  action  May  5,'62. 

Thomas  Gannon. 

Charles  P.  Garmon,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Regt. 

John  Gannon,  disch.  Sept.  22,  '62. 

John  Gourley,  disch.  Sept.  1,  '62. 

Jos.  Graisberry,  disch.  Feb.  18,  '63- 

James  Groves,  disch.  March  18,  '62. 

John  Groves,  disch.  Oct.  8,  '62. 

Wm.  Groves,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 

John  Hanery,  March  27,  '63,  disch.  July  15,  '63. 

John  Hare,  disch.  Feb.  6,  '63. 

Henry  Harney,  disch.  Feb.  6,  '63,  to  join  Reg.  A'y. 

James  Herron,  disch.  Oct.  17,  '62. 

Charles  Holmes,  disch.  May  31,  '62. 

John  Harley. 

Alexander  Harvey. 

Benjamin  W.  Hill. 

G.  H.  Holmes,  died  May  10,  '62,  of  wounds. 

Eobert  Irvine. 

Hiram  Irvin,  disch.  Dec.  11,  '61. 

Levi  Jess. 

Henry  Johnson,  Feb.  17,  '62,  disch.  Jan.  2,  '63. 

John  T.  Johnson,  disch.  Jan.  2,  '63. 

Michael  Joy,  May  16,'64,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 

John  Kentworthy. 

Thos.  H.  King,  disch.  Oct.  19,  '62. 

John  Kochersperger,  disch.  July  24,  '62. 

J.  P.  Langley,  Sept.  23,'64,  trans,  to  Co.  E,  8th  Eegt. 

Albert  C.  Lee,  Sept.  8,'64,trans.  to  Co.  H,  8th  Eegt. 

Matthew  Larney. 

Thos.  Marrott,  disch.  Oct.  25,  '62. 

Eobert  Marshall,  died  Feb.  18,  '62. 

James  McCormick,  disch.  April  18,  '63. 

James  McElmoil,  disch.  Oct.  17,  '62. 

John  McHenry,  disch.  Dec.  9,  '61. 

Henry  D.  Morgan,  died  June  1,  '62,  of  wounds. 

Francis  Nield,  disch.  Nov.  29,  '62. 

John  O'Neil,  July  21,  '63. 

Jos.  Parks,  killed  in  action  May  5,  '62. 

Wm.  Parker,  disch.  May  17,  '64. 

Theodore  Pike,  died  March  14,  '62. 

W.  C.  Poole,  Aug.  19,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 

Lewis  G.  Pratt,  disch.  Sept.  27,  '62. 

Edgar  F.  Eoby. 


J-      -^    no^^^  r 


i'/f?J-t) 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


115 


Wm.  H.  Robust,  died  Nov.  26,  '62. 
Tbomas  D.  Ross,  died  Feb.  12,  '62. 
Jas.  Ryan,  March  22,'64,  killed  in  action  May  6,'64. 
David  Salmons,  Feb.  18,  '62,  disch.  Feb.  17,  '65. 
John  Sheppard,  disch.  Dec.  31,  '62. 
Henry  Shafter,  disch.  Sept.  24,  '61. 
Thomas  Sinclair,  disch.  Sept.  24,  '61. 
Aaron  Stone,  disch.  Feb.  28,  '63. 
Thomas  R.  Smallwood. 

Wm.  Terry,  Jan.  26,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Regt. 
James  Tomlinson. 
James  Totten. 
Charles  Van  Meter. 
Eber  Van  Meter. 

Henry  Westlake,  Sept.  22,  '64,  disch.  Jan.  13,  '66. 
J.  M.  Webster,  Sept.  9,'63,  trans,  to  Co.  K,  8th  Regt. 
Frederick  Whorten. 

J.  Wolohon,  June  30,'63,  ti-ans.  to  Co.  G,  8th  Regt. 
Captain  George  E.  Wilson  was  born 
at  Woonsocket,  E..  I.,  February  10,  1835. 
His  grandfather,  the  Eev.  James  Wilson,  a  de- 
scendant of  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  New 
England,  in  1800  became  one  of  the  first 
public-school  teachers  in  the  city  of  Provi- 
dence, where  the  free-school  system  in  Amer- 
ica then  originated.  As  a  minister  of  the 
gospel  he  served  during  the  long  period  of 
fifty  years  as  pastor  of  the  Beneficent  Con- 
gregational Church  of  Providence,  and  died 
highly  honored  and  respected  at  the  advanced 
age  of  eighty  years. 

James  Wilson,  his  son,  and  the  father  of 
Henry  B.,  James  P.  and  George  E.  Wilson, 
was  treasurer  of  the  New  England  Screw 
Company,  at  Providence,  for  a  time.  He 
moved  to  Camden  County  in  1849,  and  for 
many  years  was  treasurer  of  the  Washington 
Manufacturing  Company,  of  Gloucester  City, 
until  age  compelled  him  to  resign,  and  he 
spent  the  remainder  of  his  life  in  Camden. 
He  was  a  man  of  sterling  integrity,  deeply 
interested  in  the  material  and  moral  welfare 
of  the  communities  in  which  he  lived,  and  a 
prominent  member  of  the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church.  He  died  in  1882,  at  the  age 
of  eighty  years. 

Captain  Wilson,  subject  of  this  biography, 
spent  his  boyhood  days  in  Providence,  and 
there  attended  the  public  schools  and  subse- 


quently was  a  pupil  in  a  Friends'  school  in 
Philadelphia.    He  entered  business  as  a  clerk 
for  the  Washington  Manufacturing  Company, 
at  Gloucester,  and  afterwards  engaged  in  the 
ice  business   in    the   same  city.     When  the 
Civil  War  opened  he  joined  Captain  John  P. 
Van  Leer's   company  in   the   three  months' 
service,  and  upon    arriving   at  Trenton  was 
mustered  in,  April  21,  1861,  as  first  lieuten- 
ant of  Company  H  of  the  Fourth  New  Jersey 
Militia.     This  regiment  was  taken  down  the 
Delaware   to   Annapolis  in    transports,  and 
was  the  first  fully-equipped  brigade  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  war  to  arrive  at  the  city  ol 
Washington.     The  same  regiment  built  Fort 
Runyon,  at  the  south  end  of  the  Long  Bridge 
over  the  Potomac  near  Washington,  and  was 
present  at  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run,  though 
not  actively  engaged.     At  the  expiration  of 
the  term  of  sprvice  he  came  home  with  the 
regiment,  and  immediately  after   being  dis- 
charged re-enlisted  with  Captain  Van  Leer, 
in    Company  D    of  the    Sixth    New  Jersey 
Regiment,  and  was   mustered  in  as  captain 
of  the   company.  Captain  Van   Leer   being 
promoted  to    major.     The   Sixth   Regiment 
formed    a   part   of  the   Second  New  Jersey 
Brigade,  and  in    1862,  under   General    Mc- 
Clellan,    took    part   in    the  Peninsular  cam- 
paign.     Captain     Wilson    commanded    his 
company  at  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  and   in 
the  succeeding  engagement  of  this  campaign 
at   Williamsburg,  May  5,  1862,  he  was   se- 
verely wounded  in   the  hand  and  hip,  as  the 
army  was  on  the  retreat  and  he  fell   into  the 
hands    of  the  enemy,  but   the  following  day 
was  recovered.    After  his  wounds  had  healed, 
in  August,  1862,  he  rejoined  his  regiment  and 
again  took  charge  of  his  company.     In  1863 
he  participated  in  the  battles  of  Fredericks- 
burg, Chancellorsville  and  Gettysburg.     In 
July  of  the  same  year  he  was  detached  from 
his  regiment  to  take  charge  of  the  camp  of 
drafted  men    at  Trenton,  and    remained  in 
that  position  until  the  expiration  of  his  term 
of  three  years'  service,  in  1864. 


116 


HISTORY  OF  OAMDBN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Since  the  close  of  the  war  Captain  Wilson, 
has  been  actively  engaged  in  the  ice  and 
coal  business  in  the  city  of  Camden,  has  built 
up  an  extensive  trade  and  has  been  very 
successful.  He  obtains  his  ice  in  immense 
quantities  from  the  Eastern  States  and  from 
Lakeside  Park,  and  furnishes  it  to  consumers 
in  the  city  of  Camden  and  elsewhere.  He 
also  has  a  coal-yard  at  Second  and  Chestnut 
Streets  and  one  at  Tenth  and  Spruce  Streets. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Thomas  K.  Lee  Post, 
G.  A.  E.,  and  has  taken  an  active  interest  in 
the  Masonic  fraternity,  being  a  member  of 
Lodge  94,  Siloam  Chapter,  No.  19,  Cyrene 
Commandery  of  Camden;  has  taken  the 
thirty-second  degree  in  Masonrj',  and  was 
Grand  Commander  of  Knights  Templar 
of  West  Jersey  for  1880  and  1881. 

On  October  12, 1865,  Captain  Wilson  was 
married  to  Matilda  M.,  daughter  of  Dr. 
William  C.  Mulford,  of  Gloucester.  She 
died  in  1869,  leaving  two  children, — Emilie 
D.  and  George  Edward.  He  was  married, 
on  the  19th  of  November,  1872,  to  Maria 
W.  Jackson,  daughter  of  Ephraim  S.  Jack- 
son, a  prominent  citizen  of  Providence,  R.  I., 
and  for  twelve  years  postmaster  of  that  city. 
They  have  two  children, — Benjamin  J.  and 
Rachael  Graham  Wilson. 


COMPANY  B. 

[This  company  was  mustered  in  August  26,  1861,  and  miistered  out 
September  7, 1864,  unless  otherwise  stated,] 

Captains. 

Edmund  G.  Jackson,  Sept.  9,  '61,  dis.  Oct.  18,  '62. 

William  H.  Hemsing,  Jan.  2, '63,  vice  Jackson,  dis. 

First  Lieutenant. 

Frederick  Homer,  Jan.  2,  '63,  dis.  July  14,  '64. 

Second  Lieutenants. 

Levi  E.  Ayres,  Mar.  2,  '63,  pr.  1st  lieut.  Co.  F. 

George  W.  Breen,  Sept.  2,  '63,  pr.  1st  lieut.  Co.  B. 

First  Sergeant. 

George  W.  Jackson,  pr.  1st  lieut.  Co.  H. 

Sergeants. 

William  H.  Schwaab. 

Anthony  Barnard,  dis.  July  1,  '62. 

James  Albright,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 

Charles  G.  P.  Goforth,  d.  Sept.  1,  '64,  of  wounds. 


Corporals. 
Count  De  Grasse  Hogan,  dis.  Aug.  25,  '62. 
Jacob  Gerhard,  dis.  Mar.  21,  '63. 
Benjamin  H.  Connelly,  trans,  to  Co.  I,  8th  Regt. 
Frederick  O.  Lowe,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 
Charles  H.  Rossiter,  dis.  Aug.  6,  '64. 
John  Brown,  trans,  to  Co.  I,  8th  Regt. 
Thomas  Matthews,  dis.  Nov.  14,  '65. 
Adam  Wooley,  killed  May  9,  '64. 
James  Herbert,  killed  May  3,  '63. 
Ed.  G.  Jackson.  Jr.,  mus.,  trans,  to  Co.  F.  8th  Eegt. 
William  G.  Gorden,  mus. 
Charles  Fox,  wagoner. 

Privates. 
Frederick  M.  Adams,  June  9,  '64,  dis.  Sept.  22,  '64. 
Robert  H.  Ames,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 
Michael  Bayne,  killed  May  5,  '62. 
George  Baltzer,  dis.  Mar.  24,  '65. 
Patchie  Barry. 

George  Bower,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt 
Charles  R.  Bechtel,  killed  May  5,  '62. 
Joseph  Bozer,  dis.  Nov.  29,  '62. 
David  R.  Burton,  dis.  Jan.  12,  '63. 
Charles  Brown. 

Alfred  Biddle,  died  May  25,  '62,  of  wounds. 
Alfred  B.  Carter,  Apr.  3,  '62,  dis.  Jan  19,  '63. 
William  H.  Carey. 
Jesse  Cain,  died  Aug.  22,  '62. 
Edward  J.  Casaady. 
George  Cobb,  dis.  Feb.  16,  '63. 
Michael  Collins,  dis.  Dec.  5,  '62. 
Restore  L.  Crispin,  dis.  Mar.  6,  '63. 
Chs.  C.  Cullen,  Feb.  2,  '64,  trans  to  Co.  F,  8th  Eegt. 
Job  J.  Davidson,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 
Thomas  Dougherty. 
Michael  Eagan. 

Charles  O.  Easley,  dis.  Oct.  22,  '62. 
Ralph  Easley,  died  May  20,  '62,  of  wounds. 
Charles  Elliott. 

Lemuel  Edwards,  dis.  Feb.  4,  '63. 
Charles  Fennimore,  dis.  Aug.  5,  '62. 
William  Fields,  killed  Aug.  29,  '62. 
Charles  Fredericks,  Dec.  14,  '63. 
Hiram  Fish,  Nov.  1,  '61,  dis.  May  21,  '63. 
Frank  Gordon. 
Charles  Gotz. 

Archibald  M.  Grant,  dis.  Dec.  3,  '62. 
Joseph  F.  Greenly,  dis.  Oct.  21,  '62. 
Chris.  Grandan,  Feb.  2,  '64,  trans,  to  16th  Mass.  Regt. 
Chandler  Gross,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 
John  W.  Guptill,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 
William  Hartman,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 
William  Hamlin,  killed  Aug.  29,  '62. 
Charles  Helmers,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 
David  Herbert,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


117 


Joseph  Herbert,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  8th  Eegt. 

S.  R.  Hankinson,  Mar.  15,  '62,  dis.  Dec.  16,  '62,  wds. 

Joseph  S.  Heston. 

Charles  M.  Hoagland,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  8th  Eegt. 

William  Hoffman,  trans,  to  1st  N.  J.  Art. 

Dayid  Holloway,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 

Walter  Hill. 

Loren  Horner,  May  18,  '62,  dis.  Sept.  13,  '64. 

Alfred  Ivins. 

Thos.  Jacobs,  Apl.  2,  '62,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 

Richard  Jobes,  dis.  Oct.  22,  '62. 

Edward  Johnson,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  Sth  Regt. 

Thomas  Jones,  killed  Aug.  29,  '62. 

Lewis  Keller,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 

Nicholas  Lambright,  dis.  May  22,  '62. 

Isaac  K.  Lapp. 

Samuel  W.  Lilly,  died  June  1,  '62,  of  wounds. 

Lawrence  Lockner,  dis.  Mar.  23,  '63. 

Charles  Matlack,  dis.  Jan.  12,  '63. 

William  Matthews,  dis.  Mar.  19,  '62. 

Joseph  McCarty,  dis.  Mar.  18,  '62. 

William  McClain. 

William  MeClure. 

William  McCready,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C.  Jan.  15,'64. 

John  McNish. 

Edw.  A.  Meyer,  Feb.  8,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 

Henry  Naylor. 

John  J.  Olden,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  Sth  Regt. 

Henry  Paul. 

Charles  H.  Pierce,  dis.  Nov.  26,  '63. 

Clayton  Pope,  dis.  June  13,  '62. 

William  Pope. 

Samuel  E.  Radcliff. 

Thomas  C.  Ralston,  dis.  Oct.  15,  '62. 

William  T.  Ralph,  dis.  Aug.  27,  '64. 

Edward  J.  Reynolds,  dis.  April  21,  '63. 

William  Rianhard. 

Wesley  Robinson,  died  June  6,  '62,  of  wounds. 

Jacob  Schenck,  trans,  to  Co.  P,  8th  Regt. 

Fred.  Schlegel,  Feb.  16,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 

Jacob  Seigrist,  dis.  Oct.  22,  '62. 

Alexander  A.  Smith,  dis.  Aug.  30,  '64. 

John  Smith,  April  21,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  Sth  Regt. 

Joseph  Simpson,  May  17,  '64. 

Henry  Stanmire. 

Joseph  Steen. 

Charles  W.  Steele,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  Sth  Regt. 

Jona'n  Strouse,  May  11,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  Sth  Regt. 

Thomas  S.  Stewart,  dis.  Jan.  3,  '63. 

William  H.  Stewart,  dis.  Dec.  12,  '61. 

Joseph  Stoeckle,  must,  out  Oct.  6,  '64. 

Zebulon  Tompkins. 

Geo.  W.  Wade,  Mar.  30,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  Sth  Regt. 

Andrew  J.  Wallace,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  Sth  Regt. 

Samuel  N.  Wilmot,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  Sth  Regt. 


John  Wilson,  Jan.  4,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  F,  Sth  Regt. 
Wm.  Wilson,  Sept.  7,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  I,  Sth  Regt. 
Joseph  M.  White. 

Thomas  J.  Whittaker,  dis.  Jan.  2,  '63. 
Thomas  Van  Brunt,  killed  Aug.  29,  '62. 

COMPANY  G. 
[This  company  was  mustered  in  August  %,  1861,  and  mustered  out 
with  regiment  unless  otherwise  stated.] 

Captains. 
Theo.  W.  Baker,  Sept.  9,  '61  ;pro.  maj.  Oct.  9,  '62. 
Louis  M.  Morris,  Jan.  2,  '63,  vice  Baker,  pro. 

First  Lieutenants. 
Chas.  F.  Moore,  Jan.  1,  '63;  pro.  adjt.  Jan.  1,  '63. 
Rufus  K.  Case,  Jan.  1,  '63. 

Second  Lieutenants. 
John  K.  Brown,  Sept.  9,  '61 ;  res.  July  11,  '62. 
J.  C.  Lee,  Jan.  2,  '63 ;  pro.  1st  It.  Co.  C  June  9,  '63. 

First  Sergeants. 
Benjamin  D.  Brown,  pro.  2d  It.  Co.  I  June  23,  '62. 
Joseph  T.  Note,  pro.  2d  lieut.  Co.  K  Jan.  11,  '63. 
James  A.  Morris. 

Sergeants. 
John  H.  Hoagland,  pro.  2d  It.  Co.  C  Jan.  16,  '63. 
Joseph  H.  McClees,  dis.  May  22,  '62. 
Edwin  Mitchell,  killed  May  5,  '62. 
Charles  E.  Githens,  died  June  21,  '62,  of  wounds. 
Jacob  B.  Johnson,  died  Jan.  5,  '63. 
Joseph  B,  Moore,  dis.  Aug.  26,  '64. 
George  W.  Farrow,  dis.  Aug.  27,  '64. 
Charles  Brough,  trans,  to  Co.  H,  Sth  Regt. 
Howard  S.  Moore. 

Corporals. 
John  L.  Bullock. 
James  S.  Porch. 

Leopold  W.  Rossmaier,  dis.  Aug.  29,  '64. 
John  North,  dis.  Feb.  19,  '63. 
Charles  W.  North,  died  May  5,  '63,  of  wounds. 
Lewis  Drummond. 

George  L.  Baker,  mus. ;  trans,  to  Co.  E,  Sth  Regt. 
Henry  Bender,  Jr.,  musician. 

Privates. 
William  Adams,  dis.  May  30,  '62. 
John  Allen,  dis.  Dec.  10,  '61. 
Benjamin  Anderson,  dis.  May  22,  '62. 
James  V.  Anderson,  trans,  to  Co.  E,  Sth  Regt.    . 
Andrew  Benner,  May  24,  '64, 
James  Blake,  May  24,  '64. 
William  Burke,  May  19,  '64. 
James  Burus,  May  24,  '64. 

Benjamin  F.  Budd,  Oct.  31,  '61 ;  killed  Aug.  29,  '62. 
James  Budd,  killed  May  5,  '62. 
John  P.  Burroughs,  killed  May  5,  '62. 
Theodore  M.  Cattell,  trans,  to  Co.  E,  Sth  Eegt. 
Robert  Campbell,  May  24,  '64. 


118 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Joseph  Cardisser,  May  20,  '64. 

William  Charlton,  May  24,  '64. 

John  Cheesman,  Sept.  28,  '61 ;  dis.  Sept.  21,  '64. 

John  H.  Crammer,  dis.  Jan.  2,  '63. 

James  B.  Cox. 

Henry  Day,  May  24,  '64. 

Samuel  Davidson. 

Samuel  Dermot,  died  June  14,  '62. 

Charles  W.  Devinney,  dis.  June  2,  '62. 

Daniel  W-.  Donan,  May  23,  '64. 

Josiah  Dickson,  dis.  June  11,  '63. 

William  E.  Eastlack. 

Albert  C.  English,  dis.  May  29,  '62. 

Frank  Farrow,  died  Oct.  11,  '62. 

William  Feltman,  dis.  Oct.  13,  '62. 

Henry  Firth,  dis.  Jan.  2,  '63. 

John  I.  Gardner. 

Frank  Gates,  May  24,  '64. 

Thomas  Gladden. 

Giles  Gleason,  May  19,  '64. 

James  Gillean,  dis.  Dec.  10,  '61. 

Charles  B.  Green,  dis.  May  31,  '62. 

Horace  L.  Haines,  Oct.  3,  '61 ;  dis.  Oct.  15,  '62. 

John  Hardy,  May  16,  '64 ;  trans,  to  Co.  E,  8th  Eegt. 

Philip  Hart,  May  19,  '64. 

Charles  Hires,  dis.  Oct.  11,  '62. 

Joseph  HofSinger,  trans,  to  Co.  E,  8th  Eegt. 

John  Hogan,  May  20,  '64. 

John  W.  Holmes,  trans,  to  Co.  E,  8th  Eegt. 

John  Horn,  died  June  26,  '62. 

Sylvanus  Ireland,  killed  May  5,  '62. 

Thomas  Ivins,  dis.  Feb.  25,  '63. 

Robert  Johnson,  May  23,  '64. 

Charles  Jones,  May  19,  '64. 

William  Jones,  dis.  Oct.  17,  '62. 

Justice  S.  Kerbaugh,  dis.  July  24,  '62. 

Charles  Layman,  dis.  July  24,  '62. 

William  Lee. 

Charles  Letts,  dis.  Sept.  7,  '64. 

Thomas  Lynch,  May  23,  '64. 

James  Mackinall,  killed  May  5,  '62. 

John  Macktoff,  dis.  May  22,  '62. 

Thomas  Marshall,  May  16,  '64. 

William  E.  Maling. 

John  Mathys,  May  23,  '64. 

Giovanni  Martini,  May  20,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  E,8th  Eegt. 

John  McAllister,  May  24,  '64. 

Edw.  McArdle,  Dec.  30,  '63  ;  tr.  to  Co.  E,  8th  Eegt. 

Patrick  McAvoy,  trans,  to  Co.  E,  8th  Eegt. 

Michael  Morgan,  dis.  Dec.  11,  '63. 

Daniel  Murry,  dis.  May  28,  '64. 

Michael  Nicholson,  killed  in  action  May  5,  '62. 

Michael  O'Neil,  trans,  to  Co.  K. 

Benjamin  Ong,  dis.  May  31,  '62. 

Peter  L.  Owens,  Oct.  31,  '61 ;  dis.  June  6,  '62. 


John  S.  Owens,  trans,  to  Co.  E,  8th  Eegt. 

Charles  Owens,  killed  in  action  May  5,  '62. 

Frederick  Parker,  May  18,  '64. 

Timothy  Parker. 

Nicholas  S.  Parker. 

Ward  Pierce  (1),  dis.  June  28,  '62. 

Ward  Pierce  (2),  Dec.  30,  '63  ;  tr.  to  Co.  E,  8th  Eegt. 

Eead  M.  Price,  died  Sept.  15,  '62,  of  wounds. 

James  Phalin,  May  23,  '64. 

William  Powell. 

Francis  Eawlings,  May  19,  '64. 

Franklin  Eead,  killed  in  action  May  3,  '63. 

Louis  Eevear,  May  23,  '64. 

Force  Ehoads,  trans,  to  Co.  E,  8th  Eegt. 

Amos  Eobb,  dis.  May  22.  '62. 

George  Schenck,  killed  in  action  May  5,  '62. 

Philip  H.  Schenck,  Jr.,  killed  in  act.  May  5,  '62. 

James  B.  Scott,  Mar.  8,  '62  ;  dis.  Aug.  8,  '63. 

Henry  Seabury,  dis.  Aug.  26,  '64. 

Joseph  H.  Sooy,  Nov.  5,  '62;  dis.  Mar.  11,  '63. 

Luke  Sooy,  dis.  Feb.  17,  '63. 

George  P.  Stiles,  Apr.  16,  '62 ;  tr.  to  Co.  E,  8th Eegt. 

Thos.  S.  Tanier,  Feb.  3,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  E,  8th  Eegt. 

Thomas  Taylor. 

Charles  A.  Thomas. 

Maxwell  T.  Toy,  dis.  May  31,  '62. 

Andrew  J.  Ware,  paroled  prisoner. 

John  Watson,  tr.  to  Co.  E,  8th  Eegt. 

Samuel  Watson,  killed  in  action  May  6,  '64. 

James  M.  West,  tr.  to  Co.  E,  8th  Eegt. 

George  L.  White,  dis.  Dec.  19,  '63. 

William  Wiltsey,  tr.  to  Co.  E,  8th  Eegt. 

William  Wilson,  died  May  17,  '62. 

James  Young,  tr.  to  Co.  E,  8th  Eegt. 

Malica  Zimmerman,  died  July  26,  '62. 

COMPANY     I,      SIXTH      REGIMENT       NEW     JERSEY 
VOLUNTEERS. 

{This  company  was  mustered  in  August  29,  1861,  and  mustered  out 
with  regiment  unless  otherwise  stated). 

Captains. 
Eichard  H.  Lee,  Sept.  9,  '61,  res.  Aug.  12,  '63. 
Benjamin  D.  Coley,  Oct.  27,  '63,  res.  Apl.  12,  '64. 

First  Lieutenants. 
T.  M.  K. Lee,Sep. 9,  '61,  pr.  capt.  Co.  K  Jan.  16,  '68. 
Joseph  T.  Note,  Sep.  21,  '63. 

Second   Lieutenants. 
T.  f;  Field,  Sep.  9,  '61,  pr  1st  It.  Co.  D  June  23,  '62. 
C.  F.  Moore,  June  23,  '62,  pr  1st  It.  Co.  G  Dec.  1,'62. 
Benj.  D.  Brown,  Jan.  2,  '63,  res.  May  22,  '63. 

First  Sirgednts. 
Joseph  C.  Lee,  pr.  sgt.  maj.  Feb.  26,  'B2. 
Edmond  Carels,  tr.  to  Co.  E,  8th  Eegt. 


THE  WAR  FOB  THE  UNION. 


119 


John  E.  Loeb. 

Benjamin  W.  Perkins. 

Stevenson  Leslie. 

William  C.  Lee,  tr.  to  Co.  F,  8ih  Eegt. 

Charles  F.  Dicksen,  killed  in  action  June  18,  '64. 

Corporals. 
Oliver  K.  Collins. 
Albert  S.  Newton. 
Jacob  M.  Parks. 
Joseph  M.  Ross. 

Richard  C.  Haines,  disch.  Sep.  12,  '63. 
George  W.  King,  disch.  Sep.  5,  '64. 
Samuel  Taylor,  disch,  Aug.  31,  '64. 
Charles  W.  Lane,  killed  in  action  May  5,  '62. 
William  F.  Hessel,  killed  in  action  June  16,  '64. 
G.  W.  Mooney,  died  And*sonville,  Ga.  Aug.  6,  '64- 
William  S.  Chew,  musician. 
William  Wilson,  musician. 
James  Schooley,  wagoner. 

Private). 
John  P.  Alford. 

William  Ascough,  disch.  Aug.  29,  '64. 
Favel  Baptiste,  May  24,  '64. 
William  Bates,  tr.  to  Co.  F,  8th  Eegt. 
Wesley  Bates,  Oct.  18,  '61,  disch.  Dec.  12,  '62. 
Joseph  Beebe,  Jan.  12,  '64,  died  July  8,  '64. 
Alfred  Breyer,  Nov.  23,  '61,  died  July  28,  '64. 
Eben.  Beebe,  Jan.  12,  '64,  tr.  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 
Josiah  Beebe,  Jan.  30,  '64,  tr.  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 
William  S.  Bradford,  tr.  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 
Joseph  Brown  (2),  Apl.  14,  '64. 
William  Brown,  killed  in  action  May  6,  '64. 
Joseph  Brown  (1),  disch.  Apl.  18,  '63. 
Joseph  Burkart,  disch.  June  7,  '62. 
Aden  Chew,  died  Feb.  20,  '62. 
Thomas  D.  Clark,  died  Jan.  29,  '64. 
Washington  L.  Clark. 
Joseph  Craft,  disch.  Oct.  17,  '62. 
William  Dorsey. 

James  L.  Dougherty,  Mar.  1,  "62,  died  May  15,  '62. 
Edward  Ewen,  Jr.,  Aug.  9,  '61,  killed  Aug.  29,  '62. 
W.  C.  Figner,  Nov.  23,  '61,  tr.  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 
William  Fisher. 

Lewis  M.  Gibson,  Sep.  10,  '61,  disch  May  31,  '62. 
Jacob  Gilmore. 

Bernard  Ginlay,  Nov.  22,  '61. 
Horace  Githens,  Sep.  28,  '61,  died  Mar.  15,  '62. 
Thomas  W.  Graham,  disch.  Aug.  29,  '64. 
Richard  W.  Hankins,  died  Jan.  20,  '63,  of  wounds. 
Michael  Hartzell,  Feb.  20,  '62,  disch.  Sep.  20,  '62. 
Charles  Henry,  Nov.  27,  '63,  disch.  June  12,  '65. 
Gaudaloup  Hall,  tr.  to  95th  Pa.  Regt. 
Albert  Herman,  June  30,  '64,  tr.  to  Co.  A,  8th  Regt 
Henry  Hessell. 


John  M.  Huber,  Aug.  10,  '63,  tr.to  Co.  F;  8th  Regt. 

William  Hulit,  Aug.  10,  '63,  tr.  to  U.  S.  Inf 

Edward  B.  Hood,  disch.  Mar.  25,  '68. 

James  W.  Insco,  disch.  Feb.  5,  '63. 

Wm.  D.  Jacobs,  July  6,  '62,  tr.  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 

John  W.  Jobes,  Dec.  6,  '61,  killed   Aug.  29,  '62. 

John  Johnson,  May  23,  '64. 

Samuel  Kendrick,  disch.  May  22,  '62. 

James  Leach,  May  25,  '64. 

James  W.  Lewis. 

Edward  Livermore,  killed  in  action  May  18,  '64. 

William  W.  Loeb. 

Wm.  Lorenz,  Feb.  29,  '64,  killed  May  12,  '64. 

Alexander  B.  Mahan,  disch.  July  15,  '62. 

Howa,rd  F.  Matlack. 

William  L.  Mathews,  Mar.  3,  '62,  disch.  Apr.  9,  '66. 

Thomas  Mayland,  May  28,  '64. 

John  McCabe,  May  28,  '64. 

G.  W.  McKeen,  Jan.  12, '64,  tr.  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 

Arthur  Meayo,  Nov.  22,  '61. 

William  Mulligan,  Nov.  22,  '61. 

John  Naphey. 

John  S.  Nicholson,  Oct.  18,  '61,  died  Feb.  16,   '62. 

August  Noach,  May  24,  '64. 

Samuel  B.  Norcross,  killed  in  action  May  5,  '62. 

Edw.  Ostner,  Nov.  18,  '61,  killed  May  5,  '62. 

James  Paquitt,  May  23,  '64. 

Henry  Parker,  May  23,  '64. 

Daniel  W.  Pettibone,  disch.  Sep.  23,  '62. 

Henry  Piatt,  May  30,  '64. 

William  Rhein,  May  28,  '64. 

Peter  Rice,  May  25,  '64. 

Michael  Robinson,  Nov.  22,  '61. 

Franklin  Rogers,  died  May  6,  '62. 

Peter  Roe,  Oct.  25,  '61,  disch.  Feb.  25,  '63. 

Joseph  D.  Rogers. 

Romeo  Rolli,  June  2,  '64. 

William  Rowe,  killed  in  action  May  5,  '62. 

Thomas  Russell,  May  24,  '64. 

Thomas  Ryan,  May  24,  '64,  tr.  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 

John  Sands,  disch.  Feb.  23,  '63, 

Samuel  Sanders,  Dec.  6,  '61. 

George  Schayegart,  May  24,  '64. 

August  Scior. 

Edward  L.  Scott,  disch.  Jan.  29,  '63. 

Andrew  Serini,  June  2,  '64. 

Michael  Sharon,  May  28,  '64. 

Charles  P.  Shute,  disch.  Feb.  28,  '63. 

Geo.  Simpson,  May  28,  '64,  tr.  to  Co.  F,  8th  Regt. 

Benjamin  F.  Skinner,  Nov.  22,  '62. 

John  Sterling,  May  28,  '64. 

William  Stewart,  xMay  24,  '64. 

George  Thomas,  May  23,  '64. 

James  Thompson,  May  26,  '64. 

John  C.  Torney,  died  May  12,  '62,  of  wounds. 


120 


HISTORY  OF  GAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Isaac  Tracy. 

Lewis  Typle,  Feb.  9,  '64,  tr.  to  Co.  F,  8th   Regt. 

Charles  Waar,  Feb.  25,  '62,  died  Apr.  12,  '64. 

Amos  E.  Watson,  Oct.  28,  '61,  disch.  Sept.  14,  '62. 

Charles  Waverly,  May  28,  '64. 

James  H.  Webster,  disch.  Aug.  31,  '64. 

George  Wegman,  disch.  Aug.  29,  '62. 

Paul  Werner,  May  31,  '64. 

Wilmon  Whillden,  disch.  June  16,  '62. 

John  C.  Whippey,  died  June  7,  '63,  of  wounds. 

Watson  Wertzell,  disch.  Oct.  10,  '65. 

John  Williams,  May  30,  '64. 

John  W.  Williams,  Nov.  22,  '61. 

James  Wilson,  May  26,  '64. 

John  Woods,  disch.  May  22,  '62. 

William  Yates,  May  28,  '64. 

COMPANY    K. 

[This  compaDy  wae  mustered  in  August  29,  1861,  and   mustered 
out  with  regiment  unless  otherwise  stated,] 

Captains. 
Timothy  C.  Moore,  Sept.  9,  '61  ;  res.  Jan.  14,  '63. 
Thomas  M.  K.  Lee,  Mar.  2,  '63  ;  vice  Moore,  res. 

First  Lieutenants. 
Thomas  Goodman,  Sept.  9,  '61 ;  det.  to  4th  Art. 
B.  D.  Coley,  Jan.  2,  '58 ;  pro.  capt.  Co.  I,  Sept.  24,  '68. 

Second  Lieutenant. 
J.  T.  Note,  Mar.  2,  '68,  pro.  1st  It.  Co.  I,  June  9,  '63. 

First  Sergeants. 
Edward  Corcoran,  disch.  June  8,  '63. 
George  W.  Jobes,  trans,  to  Co.  B,  8th  Regt. 

Sergeants. 
Samuel  H.  Elder,  disch.  Nov.  24,  '62. 
James  White,  disch.  Jan.  28,  '63. 
William  McCormick,  disch.  March  23,  '63. 
George  W.  Hall,  trans,  to  Co.  P,  8th  Regt. 
Isaac  T.  Garton,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Regt. 
William  T.  Goodman. 

Corporals. 
James  Flynn,  disch.  Dec.  27,  '62. 
Christopher  Dowling,  disch.  Sept.  7,  '62. 
Hugh  Diamond,  disch.  Aug.  29,  '64. 
Charles  P.  Tuttle,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Regt. 
John  McKenna. 

T.  McKibben,  Aug.  13,  '62 ;  disch.  June  29,  '65. 
B.  F.  Reeves,  Sept.  17,  '61 ;  killed  July  2,  '63. 
James  Derken. 
Frederick  Busser,  musician. 
Thos.  Marshall,  musician,  disch.  March  11,  '62. 
Henry  Bender,  Jr.,  musician,  trans,  to  Co.  G. 
David  Creevy,  wagoner,  disch.  Feb.  8,  '63. 

Privates. 
James  Baker,  Oct.  8,  '61. 
John  Barnes. 


William  Bayne,  disch.  Oct.  13,  62. 

William  Bisbing. 

Jesse  H.  Berry,  died  June  1,  '63,  of  wounds. 

J.  G.  Bowers,  May  14,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Regt. 

Lewis  E.  L.  Blizzard,  disch.  June  9,  '62. 

Peter  Bride,  Oct.  9,  '61,  disch.  May  22,  '62. 

Edward  Budding,  disch.  June  9,  '62.' 

Charles  Braceland. 

Benjamin  F.  Christy. 

Joseph  Cheeseman,  disch.  April  27,  '63. 

Albert  G.  Clark,  May  21,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  G. 

Henry  Conerty. 

James  Coleman,  disch.  June  19,  '68. 

John  S.  Copeland,  died  Sept.  18,  '61. 

Michael  Corcoran,  disch.  Sept.  7,  '62. 

.Tacob  Cowan,  trans,  to  Co.  D. 

J.  J.  Daniels,  May  20, 64,*trans.  to  Co.  G,  8th  Regt. 

Cornelius  Dowling,  disch.  July  14,  '62. 

Patrick  Earley,  disch.  Feb.  28,  '63. 

Thomas  Egan,  disch.  April  18,  '68. 

James  Finnegan,  disch.  Sept.  1,  '64. 

John  Fogger. 

John  Gagger,  killed  Aug.  29,  '62. 

James  Gannon. 

Charles  P.  Gannon,  trans,  to  Co.  D. 

Francis  A.  Gaskill,  disch.  May  3,  '64. 

Samuel  Gilbert,  Aug.  19,  '62  ;  disch.  Mar.  25,  '63. 

Lewis  H.  Giles,  disch.  May  21,  '62. 

Martin  Haley. 

William  Hampton. 

Henry  Harley,Oct.  3,  '61. 

Joseph  W.  Henderson,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Regt. 

William  H.  H.  Hilyard,  disch.  Feb.  7,  '68. 

James  R.  Husted,  disch.  Jan.  16,  '63. 

Edward  Hutchinson,  disch.  Oct.  21,  '62. 

H.  C.  Izard,  May  16,  '64 ;  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Regt. 

W.  H.  Janes,  Jan.  29,  '62 ;  tr.  to  Co.  G,  8th  Regt. 

E.  H.  Johnson,  Aug.  19,  '62 ;  disch.  Jan.  7,  '63. 

Elias  P.  Jones,  killed  June  18,  '64. 

William  F.  Joslin,  disch.  Oct.  17,  '62. 

.lohn  Lane. 

James  M.  Lane,  disch.  Feb.  2,  '63. 

Dennis  Laughlin,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Regt. 

William  H.  Lawrence,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Regt. 

John  Leo,  Oct.  9,  '61  ;  disch.  Dec.  31,  '62,  wounded. 

Thomas  Lippincott,  disch.  May  14,  '62. 

Thomas  M.  Long,  disch.  July  21,  '63. 

George  A.  Lovett,  disch.  Sept.  17,  '62. 

W.  G.  Leake,  died  May  23,  '62,  of  wounds. 

Joseph  C.  Lore,  died  May  21,  '62,  of  wounds. 

Martin  Marshall,  killed  Aug.  29,  '62. 

Patrick  Maguire,  disch.  Oct.  7,  '62. 

Robert  McAdoo,  disch.  Dec.  25,  '62. 

Thomas  McDonald,  disch.  Dec.  9,  '61. 

James  McCormick,  killed  May  5,  '62. 


THE  WAR  FOE  THE  UNION. 


121 


N.  McElhoue,  Mar.  13,  '62 ;  died  June  4/62,  of  wds. 

Eobert  McGoiirley. 

Michael  McLaughlin,  died  Sept.  14,  '62,  of  wounds. 

Michael  McGrory. 

Peter  McGeary,  disch.  Aug.  29,  '61. 

James  McNulty,  disch.  Sept.  26,  '62. 

W.  Miller,  May  21,  '64 ;  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 

Abijah  Mitchell. 

Jos.  Mox,  May  23,  '64 ;  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 

William  Mullen,  disch.  Aug.  18,  '62. 

Eobert  Munday,  trans,  to  Co.  B. 

Michael  O'Neil. 

Constantine  O'Neil,  disch.  Oct.  18,  62. 

F.  O'Neil,  Feb.  7,  '62  ;  died  Feb.  25,  '62. 

Fritz  Olsun,  May  20,  '64;  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 
J.  Jenn,  May  21,  '64 ;  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Regt. 
Jeremiah  C.  Price,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 
William  Proud,  Jr.,  killed  June  1,  '62. 
Nathan  Eambo,  disch.  Jan.  16,  '63. 
William  H.  Eandolph,  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 
M.  H.  Eeynolds,  Sept.  17,  '61 ;  disch.  Dec.  9,  '61. 
W.  V.  Eobinson,  May  23,  '64 ;  tr.  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 
A.  Schaider,  May  23,  '64;  trans,  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 
John  S.  Sibbett,  disch.  July  24,  '62. 
William  Snape,  disch.  Sept.  7,  '64. 

G.  J.  Stewart,  May  21,  '64 ;  tr.  to  Co.  G,  8th  Regt. 
John  Scott,  May  26,  '64. 

Mahlon  Smith. 

John  A.  Smith,  died  Nov.  30,  '63. 

William  Streeper,  disch.  Oct.  17,  '62. 

Levi  Swan,  died  Oct.  10,  '62. 

Henry  H.  Stiles,  Sept.  18,  '61. 

Mathew  Timmens,  trans,  to  V.  E.  C. 

William  Thompson,  disch.  Sept.  7,  '64. 

J.  H.  Thompson,  disch.  July  24,  '62. 

P.  Vandertimer,  May  21,  '64 ;  tr.  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 

Isaac  Warr,  Feb.  5,  '62  ;  trans,  to  V.  E.  C. 

George  F.  Ward,  disch.  Sept.  16,  '62. 

W.  H.  Watson,  Aug.  17,  '62;  trans,  to  V.  E.  C. 

J.  H.  Wilkins,  May  16,  '64 ;  tr.  to  Co.  G,  8th  Eegt. 

Nathaniel  F.  Wilkinson,  trans,  to  V.  E.  C. 

John  Wiley,  killed  Aug.  29,  '62. 

Edgar  S.  Wilkinson,  killed  May  5,  '62. 

James  Wittle,  disch.  Sept.  7,  '64. 

Captain  Benjamin  D.  Colby,  son  of 
John  and  Ann  (Day)  Coley,  born  at  Rad- 
dell,  Bedfordshire,  England,  February  1, 
1826,  emigrated  with  his  parents  to  America 
in  1829 ,  landed  at  Philadelphia  and  soon 
afterward  located  in  Camden.  At  the  age  of 
six  he  went  to  live  with  a  farmer  in  Bur- 
lington County  and  remained  there,  working 
on  the  farm  in  summer  and  attending  school 
16 


in  winter,  until  he  was  fourteen,  when  he  re- 
turned home  and  for  several  years  assisted 
his  father  at  whip-making.     He   was  next 
employed  for  five  years  with  Richard  Fet- 
ters, of  Camden,  and  next  engaged  in  the 
restaurant  business  and  also  kept  a  billiard 
saloon  in  Camden  until  the  opening  of  the 
Civil  "War,  in  1861,  when,  in  company  with 
the  Camden  Light  Artillery,  a  military  or- 
ganization to  which  he  belonged  for  about 
six  years,  he  went  to  Trenton  and  entered  the 
service  three  days  after  President  Lincoln's 
first  call  for  volunteer  soldiers.     As  second 
sergeant  of  the  company,  which  was  assigned 
to  the  Fourth  New  Jersey  Regiment,  he  re- 
mained three  months,  the  term  of  enlistment, 
and  during  that  time  participated  in  the  first 
battle  of  Bull  Run.     The  company  was  dis- 
charged July  27,  1861,  at  the  expiration  of 
the  term  of  service,  and  on  the  9th  of  August 
following  he  began  to  recruit  a  company  for 
the  three  years'  service,  which,  on  September 
9,  1861,   became  Company  K  of  the  Sixth 
New  Jersey  Regiment,  and  he  was  chosen 
second  lieutenant.     This  regiment  formed  a 
part  of  the  famous  "  New  Jersey  Brigade," 
which  was  assigned  to  General  Hooker's  di- 
vision, participated  in  1862,  under  General 
McClellan,   in  the  Peninsular  campaign,  in 
the  siege  of  Yorktown,  battles  of  Williams- 
burg, Fair  Oaks,  Seven  Pines  and  Malvern 
Hill,  in  the  Army  of  the   Potomac   under 
General  Pope,  in  the  battle  of  Bristow  Sta- 
tion, the  second  Bull  Run  engagement  and 
the  battle  of  Chantilly,  and  in  the  battle  of 
Centreville,    under     General     Sickles ;     in 
1863,  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  under 
General    Burnside,    at   Fredericksburg,  and 
Chancellorsville  under  General  Hooker,  and 
in  July  of  the  same  year  in  the  battle  of  Get- 
tysburg,  under   General    Meade,   at  which 
place  he  was  in  command  of  Company  H  of 
the  Sixth  Regiment.      On   November    17, 
1862,   he  was   promoted  to  first  lieutenant, 
and  on  September  24, 1863,  was  promoted  to 
captain  of  Company  I  of  the  same  regiment. 


122 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


The  other  engagements  in  which  Captain 
Coley  participated  were  the  battles  of  Wap- 
ping  Heights,  McClean's  Ford  and  Pine 
Run,  all  in  Virginia.  At  the  last-named 
battle,  owing  to  the  terrible  strain,  he  was 
disabled  for  further  military  duty,  and  on 
March  4,  1864,  was  discharged  from  the 
service  on  a  surgeon's  certificate. 

Soon  after  his  return  home  he  entered  the 
employ  of  Thomas  Clyde  &  Co.,  of  Phila- 
delphia, as  an  engineer,  and  continued  with 
that  firm  until  1868,  when  he  began  the  gro- 
cery business  at  the  corner  of  Third  and  Fed- 
eral Streets,  where  he  has  ever  since  contin- 
ued and  prospered.  Captain  Coley  was 
married,  September  9, 1848,  to  Margaret  K. 
Southwick,  daughter  of  James  Southwick,  of 
Camden,  by  whom  he  has  three  children,  all 
residing  in  Camden.  Mrs.  Coley  died  May 
13,  1885.  Martha,  the  eldest  daughter,  is 
married  to  Henry  S.  Wood  ;  Alma  D.,  is 
married  to  Charles  H.  Thompson ;  Benjamin 
D.  Coley,  the  only  son  and  youngest  child,  is 
married  to  Hattie  "Wilson.  Captain  Coley 
is  prominently  connected  with  the  fraternal 
and  beneficial  orders  of  Camden,  being  a 
member  of  Thomas  M.  K.  Lee,  Jr.,  Post, 
G.  A.  P.,  No.  5 ;  Chosen  Friends  Lodge,  No. 
29  ;  and  Camden  Encampment,  No.  12,  of  I. 
O.  O.  F. ;  Damon  Lodge,  No.  2,  K.  of  P. ; 
Iron  Hall ;  and  Camden  Council  of  Royal 
Arcanum. 

Ninth  Regiment. — This  command,  of 
which  Company  I  was  recruited  in  Camden 
County,  was  mustered  at  Camp  Olden, 
October  5,  1861,  under  authority  of  the  War 
Department  for  the  organization  of  a  regi- 
ment of  riflemen,  and  arrived  at  Washing- 
ton December  4th  with  one  thousand  one 
hundred  and  forty-two  men  on  its  rolls.  In 
January,  1862,  it  was  assigned  to  General 
Reno's  brigade,  and  sailed  with  Burnside's 
expedition  to  Roanoke  Island,  N.  C,  where 
Colouel  Joseph  W.  Allen  was  drowned  in 
disembarking.  At  the  battle  of  February 
8th  it  rendered  admirable  service  in  picking 


off  the  Confederate  gunners  by  its  sharp- 
shooting,  and  Burnside  privileged  it  to  place 
the  name  "  Roanoke  Island "  and  the  date 
of  the  fight  in  gold  on  its  regimental  flag. 
Besides  this  the  principal  engagements  in 
which  it  shared  were  these  : 

Newberne,  N.  C,  March  14,  1862  ;  Fort  Macon, 
N.  C,  April  25,  18ei2  ;  Young's  Oross-Roads,  N.  C, 
July  27,  1862 ;  Rowell's  Mill,  N.  C,  November  2, 
1862;  Deep  Creek,  N.  C,  December  12,  1862; 
Southwest  Creek,  N.  C,  December  13, 1862;  Kins- 
ton,  N.  C,  December  14,  1862  ;  Whitehall,  N.  C, 
December  16,  1862;  Goldsborough,  N.  C,  Decem- 
ber 17,  1862  ;  Comfort,  N.  C,  July  6,  1863;  Win- 
ton,  N.  C,  July  26,  1863;  Deep  Creek,  N.  C, 
February  7,  1864 ;  Cherry  Grove,  N.  C,  April  14, 
1864;  Port  Walthall,  Va.,  May  6  and  7,  1864; 
Swift  Creek,  Va.,  May  9  and  10,  1864;  Drury's 
Bluff,  Va.,  May  12-16,  1864;  Cold  Harbor,  Va., 
June  3-12,  1864;  Petersburg,  Va.,  June  20  to 
August  24,  1864 ;  Gardner's  Bridge,  N.  C,  Decem- 
ber, 9,  1864 ;  Foster's  Bridge,  N.  C,  December  10, 
1864;  Butler's  Bridge,  N.  C,  December  11,  1864; 
Southwest  Creek,  N.  C,  March  7,  1865;  Wise's 
Fork,  N.  C,  March  8-10,  1865;  Goldsborough, 
N.  C,  March  21,  1865. 

This  long  record  is  full  of  brave  achieve- 
ments by  the  regiment.  At  the  battle  of 
Young's  Cross-Roads  Captain  Hufty,  with 
the  Camden  company,  charged  a  bridge  and 
captured    eighteen    prisoners.     January  21, 

1864,  two-thirds  of  the  men  re-enlisted  while 
at  the  front  in  North  Carolina.  At  Drury's 
Bluff,  where  the  reconnoisance  that  preceded 
the  fight  was  made  by  Hufty's  men,  the  regi- 
ment lost  one  hundred  and  fifty  killed  and 
wounded.  Colonel  Zabriski  was  one  of  the 
fatally  wounded,  and  General  Heckman  was 
taken  prisoner.  The  Richmond  Examiner 
expressed  its  satisfaction  "  at  the  destruction 
of  Heckman's  brigade,"  and  that  "  the  cele- 
brated New  Jersey  Rifle  Regiment  has  been 
completely  destroyed,  thus  ridding  the  bleed- 
ing Carolinas  of  a  terrible  scourge."  Cap- 
tain Charles  Hufty  was  fatally  wounded  at 
the  head  of  Company  I  in  the  skirmish  at 
Southwest  Creek,  March  7,  1865. 

The  regiment  was  mustered  out  June  14, 

1865,  and  was  discharged  by  the  State  on  the 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


123 


28th.  It  had  taken  part  in  forty-two  en- 
gagements ;  sixty-one  enlisted  men  were 
killed  in  battle,  four  hundred  wounded, 
forty-three  died  from  wounds  and  one  hun- 
dred from  disease.  Eight  officers  had  been 
killed  and  twenty-three  wounded.  It  was 
successively  attached  to  the  Ninth,  Eigh- 
teenth, Tenth  and  Twenty-third  Army  Corps. 
The  Camden  County  enlistments  were  as 
follows : 

COMPANY  I,  NINTH   REGIMENT  NEW  JERSEY  VOL- 
UNTEERS. 
[This  company  was  mustered  in  October  8,  1861,  and  mustered  out 
July  12, 1865,  unless  otherwise  stated.] 

Captains. 
Henry  F.  Chew,  Nov.  12,  '61,  res.  March  9,  '62. 
Samuel  Hufty,  March  7,  '62,  pro.  maj.  June  15, '64. 
Chaa.  Hufty,  July  25,  '64,  died  Mar.  14,  '65,  of  wnds. 
David  Kille,  July  7,  '65,  vice  Hufty,  died. 

First  Lieutenants. 
Charles  M.  Pinkard,  Mar.  19,  '62,  res.  Dec.  28,  '62. 
E.  D.  Svpain,  Dec.  29,'62,  pro.  capt.  Co.  K,  Feb.10,'65. 

Second  Lieutenants. 
Chas.  B.  Springer,  Mar.  9,  '62,  died  July  3] ,  '62. 
J.C.Bowker,Dec.29,'62,pro.l8tlt.  Co.D  JulyS,  '64. 
D.  Whitney,  Mar.28,  '65,  pro.  1st  It.Co.  A  June  22,'65. 

First  Sergeants. 
Edward  H.  Green,  pro.  2d  It.  Co.  D  Jan.  14,  '65. 
Chas.  P.  Goodwin,  cona.  2d  lieut.  June  22,  '65. 

Sergeants. 
Mark  L.  Carnly. 
Charles  Keene. 
Lewis  Murphy. 
John  C.  Smith. 

Edward  D.  Matson,  dis.  Oct.  7,  '64. 
Samuel  B.  Harbison,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 

Corporals. 
John  S.  Hampton,  dis.  July  19,  '65. 
Joseph  Wolf,  Jan.  20,  '64. 
Eugene  Sullivan,  March  22,  '64. 
John  B.  Mitchell,  Feb.  27,  '64. 
James  W.  Daniels. 
Lewis  S.  Mickel,  dis.  July  19,  '65. 
Abram  M.  Dickinson,  March  1,  '64. 
James  H.  Tash,  dis.  March  24,  '63. 
Charles  G.  Lorch,  dis.  Nov.  17,  '62. 
Wm.  O.  Birch,  dis.  March  17,  '63. 
JohnSchweible,  Sept.  30,  '61,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
Chas.  Hoffman,  died  June  5,  '64,  of  wounds. 
Geo.  N.  Cawman,  killed  May  8,  '64. 
Robt.  Alcorn,  bugler,  dis.  Aug.  25,  '62. 
Robert  P.  Craig,  musician,  dis.  Nov.  10,  '62. 


Charles  Beyer,  Sept.  30,  '61. 

Asa  K.  Harbert,  dis.  July  18,  '65. 

Wm.  H.  Tonkin,  wagoner,  dis.  Nov.  8,  '64. 

Privates. 
Charles  Albertson,  Jan.  3,  '65,  dis.  May  22,  '65. 
Edward  L.  Alvord,  pro.  Feb.  8,  '64. 
Joshua  Anderson. 
Frederick  Babaer,  March  1,  '65. 
Joshua  Ballinger,  Sept.  2,  '64,  dis.  June  14,  '65. 
John  Bennett. 

Hiram  D.  Beckett,  Feb.  23,  '64,  traus.  to  Co.  A. 
Smith  Bilderback,  pro.  Oct.  8,  '61. 
John  Brady. 

Samuel  T.  Butcher,  April  7,  "65. 
Malachi  Blackman,  March  7,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  K. 
Albert  C.  Cawman,  dis.  Dec.  7,  '65. 

James  V.  Clark. 

John  L.  Cliff,  Feb.  24,  '65. 

John  M.  Clark,  Jan.  17,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  0. 

Enoch  Cordrey,  dis.  Dec.  7,  '64. 

George  Cortwright,  Feb.  16,  '64. 

William  E.  Creed,  March  4,  '64. 

John  P.  Crist,  Feb.  23,  '65. 

John  M.  Davis,  Sept.  5,  '64,  dis.  June  14,  '65. 

Geo.  0.  Davis,  April  8,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  A. 

Benj.  H.  Dilmore,  March  29,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  K. 

Josiah  Dubois,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 

Edward  H.  Davis. 

Philip  Ebert,  Sept.  30,  '61,  dis.  Feb.  23,  '65. 

Henry  Eipert,  dis.  July  19,  '65. 

James  W.  Elkinton. 

Benj.  Estilow,  Feb.  6,  '65. 

Henry  Essex,  April  8,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  A. 

Leo  Eckert,  Sept.  30,  '61,  died  Sept.  11,  '63. 

George  B.  Evans,  Dec.  28,  '63. 

Francis  Fagan,  April  6,  '65. 

Wm.  Floyd,  Sept.  2,  '64. 

Fredk.  Felney,  dis.  Nov.  19,  '62. 

Bernard  Fagan,  April  12,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  F. 

Thomas  Fannin,  April  6,  '65. 

Robert  Green,  Dec.  29,  '63. 

Philip  S.  Garrison,  Jan.  28,  '64,  dis.  May  13,  '65. 

Benj.  Gill,  dis.  Nov.  18,  '62. 

Thomas  Grady,  April  13,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  H. 

James  Graham,  Dec.  28,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  H. 

Max  Gumpert,  April  13,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  H. 

John  Gorman,  March  14,  '64. 

Wm.  P.  Corliss,  dis.  Mar.  24,  63. 

Joshua  D.  Haines. 

Wm.  A.  Harper,  Sept.  14,  '64,  dis.  June  14,  '65. 

James  J.  Harris,  April  6,  '65. 

Wm.  H.  Harris,  Aug.  30,  '64,  dis.  June  14,  '65. 

John  H.  Hilyard. 

John  W.  Harbison,  dis.  March  24,  '63. 

John  H.  Harvey,  dis.  Nov.  19,  '&'2. 


124 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Henry  A.  Hartranft,  trans,  to  Co.  D. 

James  A.  Hawthorne,  April  13,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  H. 

Andrew  J.  Hanley,  died  Feb.  22,  '65. 

Wm.  G.  Hartline,  died  Feb.  3,  '63. 

Magnus  Hepburn,  died  Oct.  16,  '64. 

Win.  H.  Hughes,  March  1,  '64,  died  March  12,  '64. 

Enoch  Irelan,  Feb.  14,  '63. 

Richmond  Ireland,  dis.  Nov.  19,  '62. 

John  N.  Johnson. 

Andrew  Kauffman. 

Daniel  Kelcher,  April  6,  '65. 

Nathan  Kell,  Feb.  24,  '65. 

Thomas  H.  Kijer. 

Charles  Klapproth,  March  9,  '64,  dis.  July  19,  '65. 

Charles  Kearley,  April  13,  "65,  trans,  to  Co.  H. 

John  Kingston,  April  6,  '65. 

Samuel  M.  Layman,  dis.  June  22,-  '65. 

Henry  Loper,  dis.  Dec.  7,  '64. 

George  H.  Lott. 

Thomas  W.  Lumis. 

Samuel  Lester,  dis.  March  18,  '63. 

Wm.  B.  Loper,  dis.  Nov.  19,  '62. 

Ezekiel  Madara,  Nov.  10,  '64. 

Joseph  Madara,  March  29,  '65. 

Joseph  Manderville,  Feb.  10,  '65. 

James  P.  Mattson,  dis.  Oct.  8,  '64. 

Edmund  L.  Mattock,  dis.  Nov.  25,  '62. 

Frank  E.  Mailey,  March  6,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  D. 

George  W.  Matlock,  March  7,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  P. 

James  McCormick,  March  31,  '64. 

James  McDonald,  Feb.  15,  '65. 

James  McGhie,  Feb.  8,  '64. 

Wm.  McLaughlin,  Feb.  24,  '65. 

James  McClay,  April  12,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  E. 

John  McDonald,  April  13,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  E. 

Robert  McDonald,  April  13,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  E. 

Henry  McFerrin,  Feb.  4,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  C. 

Wm.  Measey,  Feb.  10,  '65. 

Charles  B.  Messick,  dis.  Nov.  19,  '62. 

John  Metzler,  April  13,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  H, 

Albert  C.  Mifflin. 

David  T.  Miller,  Dec,  29,  '63. 

John  Miller,  Sept.  30,  '61, 

August  Miller,  April  12,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  A. 

David  Morgan,  Aug.  31,  '64,  dis,  June  14,  '65. 

John  Morgan,  Aug.  31,  '64. 

Charles  H.  Miller,  died  Aug.  23,  '64, 

Thompson  Mosher,  March  24,  '64,  dis.  July  23,  '65, 

Stephen  M,  Mosure,  killed  in  action  June  3,  '64. 

Charles  D,  Mulford,  dis.  Dec,  7,  '64. 

John  MuUer,  Feb.  16,  '64,  dis,  Sept.  29,  '65. 

Daniel  Myers,  Sept,  24,  '64,  dis.  June  14,  '65. 

George  M.  Newkirk,  Sept.  4,  '65,  dis.  June  14,  '65. 

John  Newkirk. 

Wm.  H.  Nonamaker. 


August  Noll,  Feb.  12,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  A. 

Bernard  O'Brien,  April  12,  '65. 

Christian  Oatanger,  dis.  March  24,  '63. 

John  Ostertag,  May  28,  '62,  dis.  June  3,  '65. 

James  O'Neil,  Feb.  6,  '64, 

Stephen  C.  Park,  Sept,  5,  '64,  dis,  June  14,  '65. 

Thomas  Parsons, 

John  A,  Patton, 

Daniel  Parr,  Jan.  30,  '64,  died  May  29,  '64,  of  wnds, 

Samuel  Perkins,  Feb.  14,  '65. 

Eli  B.  Price,  Feb.  16,  '64. 

Reuben  R.  Pittman. 

John  Powell. 

Albert  Reis,  Aug.  21,  '62,  dis.  June  14,  '65. 

Francis  Reitz,  Feb.  28,  '65. 

Tylee  Reynolds,  Feb,  26,  '64,  dis.  June  27,  '65. 

Isaac  Reeves,  dis.  March  24,  '68. 

Irvin  Rodenbough,  Feb.  26,  '64. 

Jacob  Schmidt,  Sept.  30,  '61,  dis.  July  19,  '65, 

Charles  Schnabel,  Feb.  6,  '65. 

Philip  Schmidt,  Sept.  30,  '61,  dis.  May  9,  '63, 

Henry  Scholz,  July  21,  '62,  dis.  May  7,  '63. 

Henry  Schroeder,  April  8,  '65. 

Charles  Shepherd,  pro.  com.  sergt.  Jan.  1,  '62, 

Arthur  F.  Shoemaker,  Feb.  27,  '64,dis.  June24,'65. 

Jonathan  Shull. 

Andrew  J.  Shuller,  Jan.  28,  '65,  dis.  May  27,  '65. 

Francis  H.  Singwald,  Feb.  28, '65. 

Samuel  F.  Staulcup,  killed  in  action  Dec.  16,  '62. 

James  W.  Somers,  Aug.  30,  '64,  dis.  June  14,  '65. 

Wm.  C.  Sparks. 

Francis  C.  Strawn,  Aug.  31,  '64,  dis.  June  14,  '65. 

Wm.  B.  Stretch,  Sept.  2,  '64,  dis.  June  14,  '65. 

Amos  Strickland,  Sept.  5,  '64,  dis.  June  14,  '65. 

Herman  Steibertz,  Sept.  30,  '61,  dis.  Sept.  11,  '63. 

Leonard  Stoll,  June  16,  '62,  dis.  July  17,  '63. 

Reuben  Segraves,  killed  in  action  May  16,  '64. 

John  Sparks,  died  Nov.  15,  '64. 

Wm.  Speakman,  Feb.  5,  '64. 

John  E.  Taylor. 

Samuel  B.  Taylor. 

Charles  Taylor,  dis.  July  23,  '62. 

Wm.  Thompson,  Feb.  21,  '65,  dis.  June  21,  '65. 

Sylvester  J.  Tinsman,  Feb.  16,  '64,  dis.  Feb.  16,  '65. 

George  V.  Townsend. 

George  L.  Turnbull,  dis.  Oct.  8,  '64. 

Charles  Vannaman,  Feb.  24,  '64. 

Smith  B.  Vining. 

Amos  J.  Van  Gordon,  Feb.  15,  '64,  dis.  Aug.  2,  '65. 

James  Van  Gordon,  Feb.  15,  '64. 

Aaron  Vanculen,  died  Aug.  22,  '63. 

Wm.  Warford,  Feb.  15,  '64. 

John  Warple,  dis.  Nov.  7, '62. 

Paul  Wax,  April  13,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  H. 

John  Walker,  Sept.  80,  '61. 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


125 


Frederick  Weber,  Sept.  30,  '61. 

George  L.  Webster,  Aug.  30,  '64,  dis.  June  14,  '65. 

Conrad  Weitzell,  Aug.  30,  '64,  dis.  June  14,  '65. 

John  Welch,  April  6,  '65. 

Christian  Wellendorf,  Sept.  30,  '61,  dis.  Dec.  8,  '64. 

David  Wensel,  dis.  Nov.  17,  '62. 

Joseph  West,  dis.  June  1,  '63. 

Josiah  Wensell,  killed  in  action  May  16, '64. 

Wm.  Williams,  dis.  May  17,  '62. 

George  G.  White,  died  April  18,  '62. 

Fenwick  A.  Woodsides,  Sept.  1 ,  '64,  dis.  July  15,'65. 

Edward  S.  Woolbert,  Feb.  27,  '64. 

Augustus  Remming,  killed  in  action  May  16,  '64. 

Wra.  G.  Youmans,  Feb.  17,  '65. 

Isaac  Zanes,  died  May  3,  '62. 

Colonel  Samuel  Hufty,  the  son  of 
Samuel  and  Josephine  Rapinj^reble  Hufty, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  1,  1834. 
He  graduated  from  the  High  School  of  his 
native  city  and,  after  a  year  spent  in  Illinois, 
removed  to  Chester  County,  Pa.,  where  he 
followed  for  eight  years  the  life  of  an  agri- 
culturist. Repairing  in  1858  to  Camden,  he 
was  employed  in  the  capacity  of  clerk.  Colo- 
nel Hufty,  at  the  beginning  of  the  war,  in 
1861,  enlisted  as  captain  of  Company  F, 
Ninth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
for  three  months,  and  joined  the  command  of 
General  Patterson  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley. 
At  the  expiration  of  his  time  of  service  he 
became  first  lieutenant  of  Company  I,  Ninth 
Regiment  New  Jersey  Volunteers,  and  was, 
March  9^  1862,  made  captain  of  the  com- 
pany. On  the  15th  of  June,  1864,  he  was 
promoted  to  the  office  of  major  of  the  regi- 
ment, and  in  February,  1865,  was  made 
lieutenant-colonel.  He  was  mustered  out  on 
the  31st  of  July,  1865.  Among  the  more 
important  engagements  in  which  he  partici- 
pated were  those  at  Roanoke  Island,  New- 
bern  (where  he  was  wounded).  Fort  Macon, 
Kingston  (N.C.),  Goldsboro'  (N.  C),  Drury's 
Bluff,  Cold  Harbor,  Petersburg  (from  June 
20  to  August  16, 1864,  where  he  was  wound- 
ed by  a  sharpshooter),  Wise's  Forks  (N.  C.) 
and  Goldsboro'  (second),  where  he  was 
provost-marshal  and  commanded  the  regi- 
ment.    On  his  discharge  he  engaged  in  the 


lumber  business  in  Somerset  County,  Md., 
and  in  1872  came  to  Camden.  Colonel 
Hufty  was,  in  1877,  appointed  city  auditor 
and  received,  in  1885,  the  appointment  of 
city  comptroller  for  three  years  from  the  City 
Council  of  Camden. 

Baldwin  Hufty,  the  brother  of  Colonel 
Hufty,  entered  the  service  in  1861  as  ser- 
geant, was  made  second  lieutenant  of  Com-- 
pany  B,  Third  Regiment  New  Jersey  Vol- 
unteers, and  first  lieutenant  of  Company  E  in 
1862.  He  was,  November  26th  of  the  same 
year,  elected  captain  of  Company  D  of  the 
Fourth  Regiment  New  Jersey  Volunteers, 
and  made  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  regiment 
on  the  28th  of  March,  1865.  He  partici- 
pated in  nearly  all  the  battles  of  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  and  was  breveted  colonel. 

The  Tenth  Regiment. — This  command 
was  eventually  attached  to  the  First  Brigade 
of  New  Jersey  Volunteers.  Companies  A,  E, 
H,  and  I,  of  it,  were  recruited  in  Camden 
County.  It  was  created  under  authority 
from  the  War  Department  and  recruited  by 
Colonel  William  Bryan,  of  Beverly,  against 
the  wishes  of  Governor  Olden,  although  it 
was  named  the  "  Olden  Legion."  His  objec- 
tion was  that  the  War  Department  issued  the 
authorization  direct  to  private  individuals  in- 
stead of  through  and  to  the  officials  of  the 
State — a  course  which  had  previously  been 
unknown.  The  regiment  proceeded  to  Wash- 
ington December  26, 1861.  On  January  29, 
1862,  the  Governor  finally  accepted  it  as  part 
of  the  quota  of  New  Jersey,  whereupon  it  was 
thoroughly  reorganized  and  designated  as  the 
Tenth  Regiment,  and  Colonel  A¥il]iam  R. 
Murphy  appointed  to  it.  In  April,  1863,  it 
was  relieved  from  provost  duty  in  Washing- 
ton and  sent  to  Suffolk,  Va.,  where,  on  April 
23d  and  May  4th,  it  shared  in  the  repulse  of 
Longstreet  as  a  portion  of  Corcoran's  brigade. 
Peck's  division,  Seventh  Corps.  In  July  it 
was  ordered  to  Philadelphia  in  anticipation 
of  a  resistance  to  the  draft,  and  remained 
there  two   months.     Its  dress  parades  were 


126 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


one  of  the  shows  of  the  city.  In  September 
it  was  moved  to  Pottsville,  Pa.,  and  spent 
the  winter  of  1863-64  in  Schuylkill,  Carbon 
and  Luzerne  Counties  repressing  the  Con- 
federate sympathizers  of  the  coal  region,  who 
were  encouraging  desertions,  interfering  with 
recruiting,  interrupting  mining  operations 
and  murdering  men  conspicuous  for  their  de- 
votion to  the  Union.  Colonel  O.  H.  Ryer- 
son,  who  succeeded  Murphy  in  command, 
was  president  of  a  commission  which  tried 
many  of  these  offenders.  During  the  winter 
the  regiment  re-enlisted  and  in  April,  1864, 
joined  the  First  Brigade  at  Brandy  Station, 
Virginia,  sharing  in  all  its  subsequent 
battles  and  losing  Colonel  Ryerson,  who  was 
mortally  wounded  in  the  Wilderness,  on  May 
6th.  It  saw  some  hard  service,  under  Sheri- 
dan, in  Shenandoah  Valley.  It  was  recruited 
before  returning  to  Grant's  lines  in  front  of 
Petersburg,  and  with  four  hundred  and  fifty 
men  in  its  ranks  was  mustered  out  at  Hall's 
Hill,  Va.,  June  22d  and  July  1,  1865. 

The  Camden  County  companies  of  the 
Tenth  were  made  up  as  shown  by  the  an- 
nexed lists  : 

COMPANY   A,  FIEST   REGIMENT  NEW  JERSEY   VOL- 
UNTEERS. 

Captains. 
Isaac  W.  Wickle,  Oct.  17,  '61,  died  March  22,  '62. 
Ephraim  C.  Ware,  March  22,  '62,  dis.  Oct.  22,  '64. 
Joseph  G.  Strock,  Feb.  11,  '65,  dis.  July  1,'65. 

First  Lieutenants. 
Philip  M,  Armington,  Sept.  21,'61,  res.  Sept.  24,'61. 
Chas.  V.  C.  Murphy,  Apr.  17,  '62,  dis.  Apr.  18,  '65. 
James  H.  Jordan,  June  2,  '65,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Second  Lieutenant. 
Wm.  C.  Fennimore,  Oct.  17,  '61,  res.  Feb.  22,  '64. 

First  Sergeant. 
Benjamin  A.  Pine,  Sept.  23,  '61,  pro.  2d  lieut.  Co. 
0  Oct.  24,  '63. 

Sergeants. 
Jeremiah  Saunders,  Sept.  7,  '61,  dis.  July  6,  '65. 
Thomas  B.  Bareford,  Sept.  10,  '61,  dis.  Sep.  14,  '61. 
Benjamin  Wilson,  Sept.  7,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Augustus  C.  Wilson,  July  25,  '62,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Joseph  M.  Webb,  Sept.  10,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Theodore  Harrington,  Aug.  19,'68,  dis.  July  1,'65. 
Oliver  H.  Eitchson,  Sept.  7,  '61,  dis  Oct.  31,  '63. 


William  Rich,  Sept.  7,  '61,  killed  Aug.  17,  '64. 
Howard  Fisher,  Oct.  2,  '62,  died  Nov.  12,  '64. 

Corporals. 
Hiram  E.  Budd,  Sept.  21,  '61,  dis.  Feb.  7,  '64. 
James  W.  Fithian,  Oct.  23,  '61,  dis.  Oct.  22,  '64. 
John  Marshall,  Sept.  10,  '61,  dis.  Sept.  10,  '64. 
Charles  H.  Small,  Sept.  24,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
James  McGeever,  Aug.  9,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Samuel  B.  Cambrou,  Nov.  14,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '66. 
John  Kenny,  May  9,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
John  McMann,  Sept.  21,  '61,  dis.  Julyl,  '65. 
Ellis  P.  Whitcraft,  Sept.  21,  '61,  dis.  Feb.  16,  '65. 
Wm.  H.  Jones,  Oct.  23,  '61,  dis.  June  8,  '64,  of  wds. 
Philip  F.  Hilpard,  Oct.  5,  '61,  died  Oct.  5,  '64. 
D.  H.  Holcomb,mus.,  Sept.  10,  '61,  dis.  Sept.  10,'64. 
Wm.  McOraw,  mus.,  Dec.  4,  '63,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
G.  Hubbard,  wag.,  Sept.  30,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
J.  F.  Kihnley,  wag.,  Sept.  10,  '65,  dis.  May  15,  '62. 

Privates. 
Alonzo  Allen,  Feb.  1,  '65,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Alfred  Anderson,  Sept.  21,  '61,  dis.  Sept.  21,  '64, 
Peter  Ayres,  Aug.  12,  '62,  dis.  Nov.  11,  '62. 
Thomas  F.  Asay,Nov.  30,  '61,  dis.  Nov.  20,  '64. 
Edward  Ayres,  Sept.  7,  '61,  died  Dec.  10,  '64. 
Louis  Adams,  Jan.  24,  '65. 
William  Adams,  Feb.  1,  '65. 
Edward  Archer,  Sept.  21,  '61. 
Charles  Atkins,  Jan.  24,  65. 
Herman  Bolger,  Jan.  24,  '65,  dis.  June  20,  '65. 
Francis  Brennan,  Jan.  24,  '66,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Fred.  Brooklis,  Jan.  23,  '65,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Henry  Brown,  Jan.  31,  '65,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
John  Brown,  Jan.  23,  '65,  dis.  July  11,  '65. 
Daniel  Burns,  Feb.  16,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
John  Wesley  Burdon,  Oct.  18,  '61,  dis.  May  27,'62. 
George  W.  Brill,  Feb.  25,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  I. 
John  A.  Brown,  Jan.  24,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  H. 
Levi  Butler,  Dec.  20,  '63,  killed  May  14,  '64. 
Joseph  Baker,  Feb.  24,  '64. 
James  Barker,  Feb.  6,  '64. 
Robert  P.  Belville,  Oct.  26,  '61. 
John  Boden,  Feb.  11,  '64. 
James  Boyd,  Jan.  5,  '64. 
John  Boyle,  Dec.  5,  '63. 
John  Brennan  (1),  March  15,  '64. 
John  Brennan  (2),  Jan.  23,  '65. 
John  Brown,  Jan.  5,  '64. 
Walter  Brown,  Dec.  27,  '63. 
Edward  Bymer,  Jan.  5,  '64. 

Peter  D.  Cheeseman,  Sept.  21,  '61,  dis.  Sept.  28,'64. 
John  A.  Cole,  Jan.  19,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
John  J.  Countryman,  Oct.  8,  '62,  dis.  April  10,'63. 
Samuel  Craig,  Oct.  21,  '61,  died  July  21,  63. 
Edward  Campbell,  Dec.  28,  '63. 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


127 


James  Cavanaugh,  Nov.  24,  '63. 

John  Clark,  Aug.  22,  '63. 

Joseph  C.  Collins,  Jan.  2,  '64. 

John  Cortwrlght,  Dec.  24,  '63. 

Charles  Curtis,  Dec.  ]6,  '63. 

Wm.  Davis,  Feb.  16, '65,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

John  Doran,  Jan.  31,  '65,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Owen  Doyle,  Nov.  22,  '64,  dis.  Aug.  21,  '65. 

Edward  Daly,  Aug.  16,  '62,  dis.  July  21,  '63. 

Edward  Davis,  Sept.  30,  '61,  killed  July  13,  '64. 

John  Decker,  Oct.  8,  '62,  died  Jan.  14,  '63. 

John  Dawson,  Nov.  25,  '65.  ' 

John  Digman,  April  22,  '64. 

Michael  Dolehenty,  Dec.  4,  '63. 

Martin  Doyle,  Feb.  6,  '64. 

Arthur  Dolan,  Jan.  31,  '65. 

Emanuel  Eck,  Feb.  23,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Augustus  Eck,  Feb.  17,  '64. 

Frederick  Erickson,  Dec.  11,  '63. 

Herman  Erickson,  May  17,  '64. 

John  Erie,  Jan.  19,  '64. 

Peter  Friend,  Jan.  24,  '65,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Robert  Fitzpatrick,  Jan.  23,  '65. 

Gideon  C.  Fletcher,  Oct.  9,  '62. 

James  Flynn,  Dec.  7,  '63. 

Henry  Frank,  Oct.  28,  '61. 

Louis  Frank,  Sept.  21,  '61. 

John  W.  Garwood,  Sept.  7,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Thomas  Geary,  Dec.  15,  '63,  dis.  July  1,  '61. 

Henry  Goodman,  Feb.  16,  '64,  dis.  May  19,  '65. 

George  Gould,  Dec.  24,  '63,  dis.  May  19,  '65. 

Amos  Gaunt,  Oct.  7,  '61. 

Daniel  Gorman,  Dec.  7,  '63. 

Joseph  Githcart,  Sept.  10,  '61,  dis.  May  26,  '62. 

Baptist  Grast,  Sept.  24,  '61,  dis.  April  15,  '62. 

Abraham  Hardy,  Dec.  29,  '63,  dis.  July  1,  '64. 

Thomas  Hess,  Sept.  21,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '63. 

Wm.  H.H.  Hawlings,  Dec.  10,  '61,  dis.  July  1,'61. 

Levi  C.  Huff,  Dec.  24,  '63,  dis.  July  1,  '64. 

Geo.  W.  Hinchman,  Sept.  7,  '61,  died  July  5,  '63. 

Thomas  Haley,  Aug.  16,  '62. 

John  Hall,  Mar.  21,  '64. 

Joseph  Haller,  Feb.  26,  '64. 

Franklin  J.  Hart,  March  14,  '64. 

Charles   Henry,  Feb.  17,  '64. 

Ericks  Herman,  May  17,  '64. 

John  Hurly,  Feb.  17,  '64. 

George  Inman,  Jan.  5,  '64,  died  Feb.  24,  '65. 

Gustavus  Johnson,  Dec.  11,  '63,  dis.  Aug.  24,  '65. 

Henry  Jones,  Sept.  8,  '63. 

William  Jones,  March  28,  '64. 

John  H.  June,  March  18,  '64. 

James  Kays,  Dec.  29,  '63,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Jonas  R.  Keene,  April  15,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '66. 

Peter  Kennedy,  Jan.  31,  '65,  dis.  June  22,  '65. 


Aaron  Kibler,  Jan.  26,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Wm.  F.  Killip,  Oct.  10,  '61,  dis.  Sept.  10,  '64. 
Watson  King,  Sept.  21,  '61,  dis.  May  27,  '62. 
Louis  Koenig,  Oct.  14,  '61,  dis.  Jan.  29,  '63. 
Jacob  S.  Kay,  Oct.  14,  '61,  died  Oct.  7,  '64. 
Samuel  Kell,  Oct.  7,  '61. 
Peter  Kelly,  Jan.  31,  '65. 
William  Kent,  August  15,  '64. 
Michael  Love,  Jan.  2,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
John  M.  Lutz,  Sept.  10,  '61,  dis.  Sept.  10,  '64. 
Daniel  Lutz,  Nov.  6,  '61,  died  June  24,  '64. 
James  Leonard,  August  15,  '62. 
Charles  Marshall,  Sept.  10,  '61,  dis.  Sept.  10,  '64. 
Geo.  H.  Mcintosh,  Feb.  3,  '64,  dis.  July  21,  '65. 
Wm.  H.  McKeen,  Sept.  21,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Aug.  R.  McMahon,  June  14,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Wm.  Mershon,  Feb.  2,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Frederick  N.  Moore,  Jan.  2,  '64,  dis.  June  26,  '65. 
Wm.  H.  Myers,  Sept.  21,  '61,  dis.  Sept.  21,  '64. 
Daniel  G.  Miller,  Nov.  21,  '71,  dis.  April  10,  '63. 
L.  McConnell,  Oct.  14,  '61,  died  Dec.  5,  '64,  of  wds. 
Michael  Maher,  Jan.  28,  '64. 
William  H.  Martin,  March  21,  '64. 
Daniel  McCahill,  Dec.  9,  '63. 
Charles  McCarthy,  Jan.  31,  '65. 
John  B.  McCord,  Feb.  1,  '65. 
John  McGinnis,  Sept.  14,  '61. 
Thomas  Meagher,  Aug.  28,  '63. 
Peter  Miller,  Sept.  21,  '61. 
John  Morris,  March  4,  '64. 
Wm.  O.  Nelson,  Feb.  2,  '65,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Henry  North,  Sept.  24,  '61,  dis.  Sept.  24,  '64. 
Henry  Nichols,  Sept.  21,  '61,  died  March  28,  '62. 
Abraham  Palmer,  Dec  4,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Clayton  Parker,  Sept.  10,  '61,  dis.  Sept.  10,  '64. 
Henry  Parker,  Jan.  23,  '65,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
James  Peaden,  Jan.  24,  '65,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Theodore  Peeire,  April  30, '65,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
John  H.  Piatt,  Sept.  21,  '61,  dis.  Sept.  21,  '64. 
Samuel  Pine,  Nov.  9,  '61,  dis.  May  21,  '69. 
James  Powderly,  Aug.  16,  '62,  dis.  June  22,  '65. 
Jacob  L.  Parker,  Sept.  10,  '61,  dis.  May  24,  '62. 
John  H.  Paull,  March  29,  '64,  dis.  Jan.  26,  '65. 
John  B.  Porter,  April  5,  '64. 
Thomas  Rafferty,  Dec.  4,  '63,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Wm.  B.  Reynolds,  Sept.  7,  '64,  dis.  June  13,  ■'65. 
George  Roseman,  Nov.  23,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Wm.  B.  Ryker,  Dec.  24,  '63,  dis.  June  14,  '65. 
Samuel  Roads,  Feb.  16,  '64,  killed  June  1,  '64. 
John  A.  Roary,  Sept.  21,  '61,  died  July  3,  '64. 
Philip  Rader,  July  4,  '62. 
James  Reynolds,  Feb.  11,  64. 
William  Robb,  Jr.,  Sept.  10, '61. 
Samuel  Sharp,  Sept.  21,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Cornelius  Shea,  Aug.  1,  '63,  dis.  July  1,'65. 


128 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


John  A.  Simmerman,  Sept.  7,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Charles  Sipe,  Feb.  10,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

George  Smith,  Jan.  31,  '65,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

John  Smith,  Jan.  31,  '65,  dis.  July  1,  '65, 

Larkin  Smith,  Sept.  21,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Abraham  Spargo,  Dec.  24,  '63,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Charles  Swain,  Oct.  28,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Joseph  E.  Subers,  Feb.  16,  '64,  died  April  14,  '64. 

Joseph  Saulsberry,  Sept.  21,  '61. 

John  Shelley,  Feb.  1,  '65. 

Henry  W.  Smith,  Sept.  10,  '61. 

Charles  Springer,  Jan.  21,  '64. 

George  Sprowl,  Jan.  5,  '64. 

Stephen  Stimax,  Sept.  21,  '61. 

Christian  W.  Smith,  Oct.  26,  '61,  trans,  to  V.  B.  C. 

Thomas  Stevenson,  Jan.  14,  '64,  dis.  July  6,  '65 . 

James  Stewart,  Aug.  25,  '64. 

Thomas  Sweeney,  Jan.  24,  '65. 

Frederick  Taple,  Sept.  24,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

John  Thompson,  Dec.  24,  '63,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Edward  Tobin,  Dec.  24,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Eugene  Taylor,  Sept.  21,  '61,  killed  Sept.  19,  '64. 

John  W.  Thomas,  Sept.  21,  '61. 

Walter  B.  Thomas,  Oct.  7,  '61. 

William  Thompson,  Aug.  19,  '63. 

Alfred  Turner,  Feb.  16,  '64. 

John  Twilagen,  June  21,  '64. 

Israel  E.  Vanneman,  Sept.  7,  '61,  dis.  July  6,  '65. 

John  Volkert,  Oct.  13,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '64. 

William  Vankirk,  Feb.  22,  '64. 

John  Watson,  Sept.  21,  '61,  dis.  May6,-'65. 

George  Weiser,  Sept.  10,  '61,dis.  April  24,  '65. 

George  Williamson,  Oct.  14,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Firth  Wood,  Sept.  21,  '61,  dis.  May  6,  '65. 

David  Wells,  Sept.  21,  '61,  died  April  14,  '63. 

Levi  P.  Wilson,  Sept.  10,  '61,  died  May  21,  '62. 

Daniel  R.  Winner,  Sept.  10,  '61,  died  June  4,  '63. 

Edward  Wade,  Aug.  19,  '63. 

Joseph  Wade,  March  14,  '64. 

George  W.  Wallace,  Dec.  4, '63. 

Martin  Walsh,  Jan.  31,  '65. 

Moses  Wells,  July  10, '62. 

Isaac    Williams,  Jan.  23,  '65. 

John  Wells,  Sept.  21,  '61. 

David  0,  Yourison,  Sept.  23,  '61,  died  March  2,  '62. 

Thomas  Veach,  Sept.  21,  '61,  dis.  May  2,  '65. 

Of  this  company,  Sergeant  William  Rich 
was  killed  in  the  battle  of  Winchester ; 
Privates  Levi  Butler  killed  May  14,  1864, 
in  Shenandoah  Valley;  Samuel  Roads  killed 
June  1, 1864;  Edward  Davis  killed  in  battle 
July  13,  1864;  Eugene  Taylor  killed  Sep- 
tember 19, 1864. 


COMPAKY   E,   TENTH   NEW    JERSEY  VOLUNTEERS. 

Captains. 
George  W.  Scott,  Jan.  21,  '62,  dis.  Oct.  19,  '65. 
John  Wilson,  Jan.  7,  '65,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

First  Lieutenants. 
Albert  M.  Buck,  Dec.  10,  '61,  dis.  Dec.  16,  '64. 
Richard  M.  Popham,  Mar.  16,  '65,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Second  Lieutenants. 
Joseph  Miller,  Jan.  25,  '62,  resigned  Jan.  29,  '62. 
G.  W.  Hughes,  Jan.  6,  '65,  p.  1st  lieut.  Co.H  Jan. 

23,  '65. 
Richard  J.  Robertson,  Feb.  1,  '65,  dis.  July  1,'65. 

First  Sergeants. 
John  B.  Wright,  Sept.  30,  '61,  pro.  2d  lieut.  Co.  K, 

34th  Regt.,  Nov.  10,  '63. 
J.  D.  Richardson,  Sept.  29,  '61,  p.  com.-sergt.  Sept. 

21,  '64. 
James  Nichols,  Feb.  17,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Sergeants. 
Edward  W.  Venable,  Oct.  31,  '61,  pro.  2d  lieut.  Co. 

B  May  21,  '65. 
Wickliflf  W.  Parkhurst,  Nov.  9,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Robert  M.  Hillman,  June  23,  '62,  dis.  July  1,  65. 
H.  C.  Snyder,  Sept.  28,  '61,  died  June  8,  '64,  of  wds. 
T.  B.  Wescoat,  Jan.  13,  '62,  died  May  17,  '64,  of  wds. 
William  S.  Cazier,  Dec.  18,  '61,  died  Aug.  19,  '64. 

Corporals. 
Samuel  H.  Lees,  Dec.  14,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Jefferson  S.  Somers,  Dec.  5,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Mahlon  S.  Shrouds,  Nov.  26,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Thomas  Hartshorn,  Feb.  29,  '64,  dis.  July  1,'65. 
Horatio  H.  Snyder,  Sept.  28, '61,  dis.  Oct.  1,'64. 
Walter  Drake,  Feb.  29,  '64,  dis.  June  20,  '65. 
Charles  A.  Thorn,  Sept.  7, '61,  dis.  June  2,  '65. 
George  W.  Woodford,  Nov.  20, 61,  dis.  Nov.  30, '62. 
Riley  Letts,  Dec.  26,  '61,  dis.  Nov.  9, '63. 
David  Gifford,  Nov.  26,  '61,  dis.  June  21,  '62. 
Jonathan  W.  Wescoat,  Dec.  26,  '61,  died  Jan.  7,  '65. 
J.  Stephenson,  muc,  Sept.  21, '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Samuel  A.  Webb,  muc,  Dec.  26,  '61,  dis.  July  5,  '65. 
Wm.  W.  Chatten,  muc,  Dec  26,'61,  dis.  Nov.  7,  '62. 
William  Conley,  wag.,  Dec.  7,  '61,  died  Mar.  12,  '63. 

Privates. 
Thomas  W.  Adams,  Feb.  27,  '64,  dis,  July  1,  '65. 
William  L.  Adams,  Feb.  16,  '64,  dis.  July  1,'65. 
Joseph  Alexander,  Feb.  27,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Isaac  Andrews,  Feb.  27,  '64,  dis.  July  18,  '65. 
Ebenezer  Adams,  Jan.  4,  '64,  dis.  May  20,  '65. 
Richard  J.  Abbott,  Jan.  13,  '62,  killed  July  12,  '62. 
Pitman  Adams,  Feb.  29,  '64,  died  Sept.  18,  '64.      ' 
Robert  Anderson,  Jan.  23,  '65. 
William  H.  Anderson,  Jan.  7,  '65. 
Theodore  Arringdale,  Mar.  2,  '64. 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


129 


Henry  Arneth,  Dec.  17,  '61. 
William  Bartlett,  Feb.  27,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
William  Bogarth,  Dec.  26,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Freeman  Briggs,  Feb.  24,  '64,  dis.  May  30,  '65. 
Herman  Brunsing,  Nov.  18,  '64,  dis.  June  19,  '65. 
Isaiah  Briggs,  Feb.  10,  '64,  dis.  Jan.  16,  '65. 
Charles  Brighton,  Jan.  13,  '62,  dis.  Jan.  15,  '65. 
Henry  Biggs,  Dec.  23,  '63,  trans,  to  Co.  I. 
Joseph  Branson,  Jan.  5,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  C. 
Edward  Brown,  Jan.  4,  '63,  trans,  to  Co.  D. 
James  H.  Bergen,  June  19,  '62. 
John  Berry,  Jan.  17,  '63. 
Aaron  V.  Brown,  Nov.  10,  '62. 
Adolph  Busa,  Nov.  20,  '61. 
Joseph  Cain,  Jan.  4, '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
David  E.  Clark,  Jan.  4,  '64,  dis.  June  6,  '65. 
Jonah  N.  Clark,  Jan.  4,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Thomas  Coll,  Jan.  22,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Benjamin  E.  Conover,  Feb.  27,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Burris  Conover,  Dec.  14, '61,  dis.  July  1,'65. 
James  Conover,  Jan.  4,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Jesse  Conover,  Dec.  26,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Pitman  J.  Conover,  Dec.  14,  '61,  dis.  July  6,  '65. 
David  Cline,  Dec.  26,  '61,  dis.  June  28,  '62. 
Charles  Conover,  Dec.  23,  '61,  dis.  Nov.  10,  '62. 
Casper  H.  Cregg,  Jan.  13,  '62,  dis.  May  24,  '65. 
John  Cregg,  Jan.  13,  '62,  dis.  July  23,  '63. 
Alden  Clarke,  Dec.  26,  '61,  dis.  Feb.  4,  '62. 
James  Clark,  Feb.  27,  '64,  killed  in  act.  May  14,  '64. 
Jesse  H.  Clark,  Feb.  27,  '64,  died  Feb.  11,  '65. 
Robert  S.  Combs,  Feb.  26,  '64,  died  Aug.  17,  '64. 
Job  C.  Conover,  Dec.  7,  '61,  died  June  1,  '64. 
Recompense  Conover,  Jan.  4,  '64,  died  Dec.  11,  '64. 
Martin  Callan,  March  31,  '64. 
Isaac  Cheeseman,  November  12,  '61. 
Somers  Conover,  Oct.  8,  '61. 
John  W.  Davis,  Sep.  29,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Henry  Distelhurst,  Feb.  24,  '64,  dis.  May.  30,  '65. 
Daniel  C.  Doughty,  Aug.  24,  '63,  dis.  May  18,  '65. 
Cornelius  Duch,  Jan.  4,  '64,  dis.  June  9,  '65. 
Jesse  Dayton,  Dec.  26,  61,  dis.  June  4,  '62. 
Josiah  Dilks,  Dec.  5,  '61,  dis.  Dec.  7,  '63. 
Jonathan  R.  Dailey,  Jan.  13,  '62,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
William  Douglass,  Dec.  25,  '61 . 
William  H.  Emmons,  Aug.  16,  '62,  dis.  Aug.  18, '64. 
Joshua  Elberson,  Dec.  9,  '63,  died  June  22,  '64. 
Wyckoflf  Emmons,  Jan.  13,  '62. 
John  H.  Fielding,  Feb.  8,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
William  Fitzgerald,  Jan.  14,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
John  W.  Forox,  Feb.  24,  '64,  dis.  June  9,  '65. 
William  B.  Frazier,  Nov.  19,  '61,  dis.  May  24,  '64. 
Frederick  Fosmer,  Nov.  8,  '61. 
William  Garey,  July  10,  '62,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
John  L.  Gifford,  Nov.  26,  '61,  dis.  June  8,  '65. 
Joseph  Garron,  Dec  18,  '63,  trans,  to  Co.  B. 
17 


David  Giflford,  Jan.  24,  '62,  trans,  to  V.  E.  C. 
Oliver  Goodnow,  Jan.  5,  '64,  died  Dec.  11,  '64. 
Joshua  Gorton,  March  3,  '64,  died  Jan.  20,  '65. 
John  F.  Grinder,  Oct.  19,  '61^  died  Sep.  3,  '63. 
Charles  Glenn,  Aug.  24,  '63. 
Henry  Higbee,  Feb.  26,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Fred.  Hillerman,  July  10,  '62,  dis.  July  22,  '65. 
William  D.  Hoover,  Feb.  27,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Stephen  H.  Horn,  Jan.  2,  '62,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
John  H.  Hackett,  Oct.  31,  '61,  dis.  April  10,  '63. 
Aaron  Hoaglaud,  Dec.  10,  '61,  dis.  May  10,  '62. 
Mahlon  Horman,  Dec.  5,  '61,  dis.  June  16,  '62. 
Charles  H.  Huntsman,  Dec.  26,  '61,  killed  in  action 

Oct.  19,  '64. 
Joseph  Hays,  Oct.  22,  '61. 

Sydenham  W.  Houser,  Feb.  25,,'64,  trans,  to  Co.  I. 
John  Hunt,  Dec.  23,  '63. 
Charles  Jess,  June  28,  '62,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Wesley  Jess,  July  7,  '62,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Charles  D.  Johnson,  Jan.  4,  '62,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Nathan  M.  Jackaway,  June  13,  '62,  dis.  Feb.  7,  '63, 
William  H.  Jackson,  Jan.  5,  '64,  died  May  16,  '64. 
William  H.  Johnson,  Jan.  4,  '62. 
Mahlon  G.  Kesler,  Aug.  17,  '63,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
William  Kent,  Aug.  15,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  A. 
J.  Koerner,  Nov.  26,'64,  died  Apr.  24,'65,  of  wounds. 
Martin  Kenna,  June  19,  '62. 
John  Kenty,  Dec.  1,  '61. 
James  Lawrence,  July  14,  '62,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Richard  Leavy,  Nov.  11,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Joel  D.  Ledden,  March  3,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Gustave  Lueder,  Nov.  17,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
William  Landon,  Oct.  9,  '62,  dis.  Jan.  10,  '65. 
Joseph  Lee,  Dec.  5,  '61,  dis.  June  20,  '62. 
John  Leonard,'  Feb.  17,  '64. 
Francis  Lill,  Feb.  25,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  I. 
Patrick  McGrory,  Nov.  29,  '64,  dis.  June  26,  '65. 
John  McSorley,  May  2,  '62,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Matthew  Midgley,  Nov.  23,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
John  Misson,  Aug.  19,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Zedic  E.  Moore,  Nov.  22,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
John  Murray,  Nov.  12,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
William  A.  Mason,  Oct.  31,  '61,  dis.  Nov.  4,  '62. 
Major  S.  Mathews,  Dec.  26,  '61,  dis.  June  21,  '62. 
Robert  Martin,  March  8,  '64,  trans,  to  U.  S.  Navy. 
Richard  F.  Magee,  Jan.  23,  '62,  died  Oct.  31,  '64. 
James   McMullen,   Feb.  23,  '64,  killed  in  action 

May  14,  '64. 
Charies  C.  Morgan,  Oct.  19,  '61,  died  Dec.  5,  '64. 
Emanuel  Miller,  Aug.  30,  '62. 
Romulus  Morgan,  Oct.  18,  '62. 
George  S.  Nicholas,  Nov.  13,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
Cornelius  Post,  Sep.  21,  '64.  dis.  June  22,  '65. 
Chris'er  F.  Pomeroy,  Mar.  27,'63,  trans  to  V.  R.  C. 
Mark  Peachy,  Nov.  19,  '61,  died  Nov.  28,  '64. 


130 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Andrew  J.  Peck,  Dec.  29,  '61,  died  Nov.  28,;63. 

Thomas  Peterson,  Nov.  11,  '61,  died  Jan.  16,  '62. 

Edward  Perry,  Dec.  19,  '61. 

Tliomas  Phillips,  Dec.  25,  '61. 

John  Prior,  Sep.  16,  '63. 

Aaron  E.  Reed,  Feb.  27,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

John  Reed,  Jan.  31,  '65. 

Robert  Reed,  March  11,  '64. 

David  W.  Rodman,  Nov.  6,  '61. 

William  Rogers,  Oct.  23,  '62. 

Samuel  Rose,  Oct.  22,  '61. 

Edward  Riley,  Feb.  2,  '65,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Patrick  Riley,  Feb.  2,  '66,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Charles  J.  Roberts,  Feb. '2,  '65,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Alex.  C.  Robinson,  Jan.  2,  '65,  dis.  July  19,  '65. 

Leverett  G.  Rogers,  Feb.  2,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Wm.  A.  Roxbury,  Aug.  10,  '68,  dis.  July  12,  '65. 

Benjamin  F.  Scott,  March  6,  '65,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

John  Sears,  Nov.  22,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

John  Seery,  March  29,  '64,  dis.  June  29,  '65. 

John  P.  Shirley,  March  11,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Milton  D.  Shirley,  Feb.  10,  '64,  dis.  July  13,  '65. 

James  M.  Smallwood,  Feb.  27,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Lewis  S.  Smith,  Feb.  27,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

John  H.  Sperry,  Feb.  21,  '63,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Lemuel  Springfield,  Sep.  29,  '64,  dis.  June  22,  '65. 

Daniel  C.  Stebbins,  Feb.  27,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

John  Stewart,  Oct.  29,  '61,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Mathias  Switzer,  Jan.  23,  '62,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Philip  Shaw,  Oct.  14,  '61,  dis.  April  20,  '65. 

John  M.  Smith,  Sep.  29,  '64,  dis.  May  15,  '65. 

Risley  Somers,  Dec.  26,  '61,  dis.  Feb.  9,  '64. 

Jos.  W.  Smallwood,  Feb.  27,  '64,  killed  May  12,  '64. 

Jonas  Somers,  Jan.  4,  '64,  died  Aug.  18,  '64. 

John  Shields,  Dec.  14,  '63. 

Joseph  Smith,  Aug.  18,  '63: 

William  Stokley,  Nov.  7,  '61. 

Jesse  Thomas,  Jan.  4,  '65,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Charles  B.  States,  Nov.  25,  '61,  dis.  Nov.  25,  '64. 

Philip  A.  Stephenson,  June  22,  '63,  trans,  to  Co.  H. 

John  Thompson,  Sept.  5,  '64. 

John  Tolan,  Feb.  2,  '65. 

A.  T.  Van  Horn,  Jan.  4,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

N.  L.  Walters,  Dec.  2,  '62,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

John  Weaber,  Nov.  21,  '64,  disch.  July  6,  '65. 

Asa  M.  Wilson,  Jan.  23,  '62,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

James  Wright,  March  1,  '62,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

John  Wickam,  Dec.  16,  '61,  disch.  Feb.  9,  '64. 

Thomas  Wilson,  Nov.  9,  '61,  disch.  Feb.  23,  '63. 

S.  C.  Winfield,  March  30,  '64,  disch.  Sept.  20,  '64. 

Harrison  Wilson,  Feb.  27,  '64,  died  May  8,  '64. 

Joseph  Weyman,  Oct.  25,  '62. 

Henry  Williams,  Feb.  2,  '63. 

William  Young,  Dec.  9,  '61,  disch.  July  24,  '62. 

Jacob  Zitell,  Oct.  30,  '62. 


Robert  Zitell,  Oct.  30,  '62. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  killed  of  this 
company :  Privates,  Richard  J.  Abbott,  July 
12,  1862 ;  James  Clark,  May  14, 1864,  in  the 
Wilderness ;  James  McMullen,  May  14, 1864 ; 
Joseph  W.  Smallwood,  May  12,  1864; 
Charles  H.  Huntsman,  October  19,  1864. 

COMPANY  H. 

Captains. 
J.  R.  Cunningham,  Nov.  22,  '61,  resig.  Mar.  16, '64. 
G.  W.  Hummell,  April  22,  '64,  disch.  May3,'65. 

First  Lieutenants. 
W.  R.  Maxwell,  Nov.  16,  '61,  pro.  capt.  Co.  H,  4th 

Regt.,  Oct.  22,  '62. 
Wm.  H.  Axe,  Nov.  8,  '62,  resig.  Sept.  11,  '63. 
Robert  Love,  April  22,  '64,  vice  Hummell,  pro. 
George  Hughes,  Jan.  30,  '65,  disch.  July  1.  '65.     , 

Second  Lieutenants. 
S.  A.  Steinmetz,  Nov.  8,  '62,  pro.  1st  lieut.  Co.  I 

Sep.  27,  '63. 
Joseph  D.  Smith,  Oct,  4,  '63,  disch.  Jan.  2,  '65. 
John  B.  Hoffman,  Feb.  24,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

First  Sergeants. 
J.  McComb,  Oct.  31,  '61,  pro.  2d  lieut.  Co.  E,  12th 

Regt.,  Aug.  22,  '62. 
J,  P.  Newkirk,  Oct.  28,  '61,  pro.  2d  lieut.  Co.  C 

May  21,  '65. 
John  Sowers,  Oct.  21,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Sergeants. 
John  A.  Mather,  Oct.  21,  '61 ;  dis.  Oct.  24,  '64. 
R.  J.  Robertson,  Oct.  29,  '61,  pro.  2d  lieut.   Co.  E 

Jan.  23,  '65. 
Silas  Glaspey,  March  7,  '62,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Lewis  M.  Perkins,  Oct.  25,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
George  W.  Bowen,  Nov.  24,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Geo.  B.  Anderson,  Sept.  21,  '61,  disch.  Oct.  5,  '62. 
Thomas  H.  Heward,  Nov.  12,  '61,  died  Feb.  28,  '65. 
Charles  E.  Hugg,  Nov.  12,  '61,  died  Feb.  19,  '65. 
Charles  Ecky,  Nov.  4,  '61. 
Horace  L.  Haines,  Oct.  25,  '61. 
Corporals. 
John  Bradford,  June  26,  '62,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Richard  Shimp,  Nov.  8,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
John  G.  Stiles,  Nov.  14,  '61,  disch.  .July  1,  '65. 
Robert  Sparks,  Oct.  21,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '66. 
Joseph  Marshall,  Dec.  26,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Nathan  Campbell,  Nov.  11,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
John  Hildebrandt,  Nov.  23,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  :65. 
Charles  E.Tomlin,Nov.  18,  '61,  disch.  Feb.  18, '65. 
Albert  Davis,  Nov.  4,  '61,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
Clayton  Edwards,  Oct.  26,  '61. 
Edward  Thornton,  Oct.  31,  '61. 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


131 


Charles  Lewis,  Nov.  9,  '61. 

Charles  E.  Hamblin,  Nov.  22,  '61. 

Henry  Frost,  June  2,  '62. 

D.  Crammer,  muc,  Sept.  21,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

C.  M.  Hoey,  muc,  Oct.  22,  '61,  disch.  Nov.  21,  '64. 

H.  Deickman,  muc,  Jan.  24,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Ed.  Schooley,  wag.,  Nov.  20,  '61,  disch.  July  1,'65. 

Privates. 
A.  H.  Atkinson,  Nov.  14,  '61,  disch.  Nov.  13,  '64. 
W.  M.  Adams,  Nov.  1,  '61,  trans,  to  Co.  K. 
H.  H.  Archer,  Oct.  28,  '61,  trans,  to  Co.  G. 
John  R.  Anderson,  Sept.  27,  '62. 
Isaac  A.  Archer,  Feb.  4,  '64. 
Albert  Beck,  Jan.  29,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Jacob  Becker,  Nov.  11,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Thos.  Black,  June  16,  '62,  disch.  June  22,  '65. 
George  Bradford,  Nov.  4,  '61,  disch.  July  6,  '65. 
John  Breyer,  March  8,  '62,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
J.  A.  Brown,  Jan.  24,  '64,  disch.  Oct.  25,  '65. 
A.  W.  Brown,  Oct.  22,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Salvatore  Bruno,  Jan.  24,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Michael  Burns,  Jan.  24,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Wm.  Burroughs,  Oct.  23,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
James  Braman,  Sept.  30,  '62,  disch.  Nov.  1,  '62. 

C.  Burke,  Sept.  16,  '62,  trans,  to  civil  authority. 
Wm.  Bozarth,  Feb.  23,  '64,  died  May  22,  '64. 
John  G.  Bishop,  Nov.  19,  '61. 

Peter  Booze,  Nov.  18,  '61. 
Charles  Boswick,  Nov.  24,  '61. 
Joseph  Brown,  March  15,  '64. 
Wm.  Brown,  Jan.  21,  '65. 

D.  Campion,  April  8,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
James  Cassaday,  Jan.  16,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
F.  J.  Clarke,  May  19,  '62,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Michael  Cornell,  Jan.  23,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Howard  Crawford,  Jan.  24,  '65,  disch.  June  13,'65. 
Thos.  Colligan,  Oct.  4,  '62,  disch.  July  16,  '64. 
Christian  Crawley,  Oct.  28,  '61,  trans,  to  Co.  B. 
Somers  Conover,  Oct.  8,  '61,  trans,  to  Co.  E. 
John  Coats,  Dec.  1,  '61,  died  Oct.  10,  '62. 
Daniel  D.  Carpenter,  Oct.  25,  '61. 

John  Cooley,  March  10,  '62. 
Joseph  Cooper,  Nov.  13,  '61. 
Richard  S.  Cooper,  Oct.  25,  '61. 
George  Costabatter,  Jan.  23,  '65. 
Charles  Curtis,  Jan.  23,  '65. 
George  Daisey,  Jan.  23,  '65,  disch.  June  13,  '65. 
Wesley  Dare,  July  2,  '62,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Fred.  Diehr,  April  6,  '65,  disch.  June  30,  '65. 
Jacob  Draybach,  Jan.  24,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Joseph  Dente,  Nov.  12,  '61,  disch.  Aug.  23,  '62. 
Henry  Disbrow,  Oct.  28,  '61,  disch.  Oct.  31,  '62. 
Wm.  Dorrington,  Nov.  24,  '61,  disch.  July  23,  '62. 
Frank  Dunn,  March  8, '64. 


Henry  Durling,  Oct.  23,  '61. 

John  Eagen,  Jan.  24,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Jacob  Eishorn,  Jan.  28, '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Alfred  S.  Ellison,  Feb.  19,  '64. 

William  C.  Elwell,  Oct.  31,  '61. 

Fred.  Falkenburg,  Jan.  23,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Mesick  P.  Fish,  Oct.  25,  '61,  disch.  April  26,  '65. 

William  C.  Fisher,  Sept.  14,  '61,  disch.  Aug.  8,  '62. 

George  Frey,  Sept.  25,  '62,  disch.  Jan.  13,  '66. 

John  R.  Farquhar,  Oct.  23,  '61. 

David  Fee,  Nov.  8,  '61. 

John  R.  Freeman,  Jan.  24,  '65. 

John  Fry,  March  1,  '64. 

Anthony  Garvin,  Oct.  6,  ''61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Edward  Gottwald,  Jan.  23,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Thomas  Gannon,  Oct.  17,  '61,  trans,  to  Co.  K. 

Jeremiah  Gaskill,  Nov.  1,  '61,  trans,  to  Co.  K. 

Jacob  Gammell,  June  26,  '62,  killed  June  8,  '64. 

William  Hack,  Jan.  24,  '65,  disch.  July  12,  '65. 

Frederick  Hallman,  Jan.  24,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Edgar  Hartley,  March  1,  '64,  disch.  June  13,  '65. 

Isaac  G.  Hays,  Dec.  5,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Thos.  Heatherly,  Jan.  24,  '65,  disch.  July  19,  '65. 

Conrad  Hester,  Jan.  24,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Lewis  C.  Heirs,  Oct.  31,  '61,  disch.  July  12,  '65. 

Edwin  B.  Heirs,  Oct.  31,  '61,  disch.  July  12,  '65. 

George  Heiiner,  Feb.  11,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Charles  Hays,  Sept.  3,  '62,  disch.  Nov.  1,  '62. 

Henry  Heap,  Nov.  5,  '61,  disch.  Aug.  23,  '64. 

William  Hornby,  Nov.  24,  '61,  disch.  July  15,  '62 

Aaron  Hess,  Sept.  14,  '61,  died  June  14,  '64. 

John  Henderson,  Jan.  24,  '65. 

Charles  Higgins,  Jan.  21,  '65. 

James  Hill,  Feb.  9,  '64. 

John  Hoffman,  Jan.  30,  '65. 

John  J.  Hamilton,  Feb.  22,  '64. 

Charles  Irwin,  June  26,  '62,  disch.  June  17,  '65. 

John  Jacobs,  Jan.  23,  '65,  disch.  July  5,  '65. 

John  A.  Janvier,  Feb.  13,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Thomas  Johnson,  Jan.  23,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Henry  James,  Jan.  31,  '65. 

John  James,  Jan.  23,  '65. 

James  Jamison,  March  14,  '64. 

Disere  Jeror,  Feb.  2,  '64. 

Peter  Johnson,  Feb.  1,  '65. 

Thomas  Jones,  Feb.  28,  '64. 

James  Karns,  July  2,  '62,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Wm.  C.  Kemble,  Jan.  12,  '62,  disch.  Jan.  12,  '64. 

Ludwig  Klein,  April  6,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Joseph  Kelley,  Feb.  2,  '65. 

Thomas  King,  March  14,  '64. 

Elmer  Johnston,  April  1,  '64,  disch.  Aug.  10,  '65. 

Alfred  L.  Hartman,  Oct.  28,  '61,  trans,  to  Co.  K. 

Henry  Henderson,  Feb.  2,  '64. 

Leonard  Hirsch,  Nov.  1,  '61,  trans,  to  Co.  B. 


132 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Charles  Lauer,  April  6,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
John  A.  Lauer,  Aug.  9,  '64,  disch.  June  22,  "65. 
Elias  LeflfertB,  April  28,  '62,  disch.  May  24,  '65. 
Wm.  B.  Lancaster,  Feb.  21,  '64,  died  Sept.  15,  '64. 
Samuel  Lindsey,  Jan.  29,  '64,  died  June  9,  '64. 
William  Lawrence,  April  26,  '64. 
Charles  H.  Loyd,  Feb.  1,  '64. 
N.  G.  Maling,  Jan.  25,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
T.  H.  Maling,  Jan.  25,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
James  McCarty,  Jan.  24,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
W.  S.  Metier,  Aug.  9,  '64,  disch.  June  22,  '65. 
Martin  Miller,  Dec.  1,  '61,  disch.  July  12,  '65. 
Joseph  Mitchell,  April  10,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Charles  Moore,  Sept.  27,  '62,  disch.  Nov.  1,  '62. 
Charles  Merrill,  May  10,  '62,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
W.  G.  Miller,  Oct.  25,  '61,  died  July  25,  '63. 
Christopher  Myers,  Nov.  19,  '61,  died  April  6,  '64. 
Daniel  Mailing,  March  15,  '64. 
Thomas  McCauley,  Jan'  23,  '65. 
Henry  McGinnis,  Nov.  5,  '61. 
Thomas  McGuire,  May  19,  '62. 
Hugh  Molntire,  Nov.  5,  '61. 
Isaac  McKinley,  Nov.  19,  '61. 
John  McVey,  Feb.  4,  '64. 
Thomas  Meher,  Nov.  19,  '61. 
James  Morris,  Jan.  23,  '65. 
William  C.  Morris,  Oct.  25,  '61. 
Robert  O.  Mullinoux,  Nov.  16,  '61. 
John  Murry,  March  15,  '64. 
M.  Nausbaum,  Jan.  23,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Wm.  Newton,  Nov.  4,  '61,  disch.  May  17,  '62. 
Albert  J.  Nichols,  Nov.  5,  '61,  disch.  July  8,  '62. 
Jacob  Newman,  Feb.  2,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  I. 
Henry  H.  Nichols,  Oct.  31,  "61,  died  Mar.  14,  '65. 
Stockton  C.  Pullen,  Oct.  28,  '61,  dis.  June  13,  '65. 
Benjamin  Pine,  Oct.  31,  '61,  dis.  Nov.  1,  '62. 
Jacob  F.  Parker,  Aug.  9,  '64,  dis.  May  5,  '65. 
Ephraim  Palmer,  Oct.  31,  '61,  died  Marcli  21,  '63. 

E.  D.  Patterson,  Nov.  5,  '61,  died  May  14,  '64. 
James  O'Brien,  March  15,  '64. 

Martin  F.  Regan,  July  21,  '62,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

F.  J.  Reinfried,  Oct.  22,  "61,  disch.  July  6,  '65. 
P.  J.  Romer,  Nov.  21,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
William  Ross,  Oct.  25,  '61,  trans,  to  Co.  I. 
David  B.  Russell,  Jan.  3,  '64,  died  Dec.  19,  '64. 
Patrick  Ratchford,  Jan.  24,  '65. 

John  Repshure,  Nov.  1,  '61. 
John  R.  Richardson,  Nov.  22,  '61. 
William  Ryan,  Mar.  23,  '64. 
Edward  N.  Sapp,  Oct.  28,  '61,  disch.  Oct.  27,  '64. 
Henry  Schrame,  Feb.  1,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
John  A.  Smith,  Feb.  2,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
A.  H.  Stillwell,  Sept.  21,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Theo.  F.  Strahmire,  Dec.  31,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
John  Straway,  Feb.  27,  '64,  disch.  June  14,  '65. 


James  Sayers,  Oct.  31,  '61,  disch.  April  22,  '62. 
Isaac  Shute,  Nov.  14,  '61,  disch.  Oct.  2,  '62. 
George  Smith,  Aug.  27,  '62,  disch.  Nov.  4,  '62. 
William  Stewart,  Aug.  28,  '61,  disch.  Deo.  26,  '61. 
Charles  0.  Stitzer,  Nov.  4,  '61,  disch.  Dec.  26,  '61. 
James  W.  Smith,  June  26,  '62,  trans,  to  Co.  C. 
Thomas  Stiles,  March  5,  '64,  disch.  July  24,  '65. 
W.  Saulsbury,  Sep.  14,  '61,  killed  in  act.  May  12, '64. 
P.  Stephenson,  Nov.  13,  '61,  kd.  in  act.  June  3,  '64. 
Gottlieb  Schaeffer,  March  16,  '64. 
Henry  Schwartz,  Feb.  2,  '64. 
George  Shear,  Nov.  24,  '61. 
Patrick  Simon,  March  20,  '64. 
James  Sullivan,  Sept.  30,  '62. 
John  W.  Taylor,  March  7,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
John  Tracy,  Feb.  26,  '64,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
Frederick  Taylor,  Oct.  25,  '61. 
Henry  Thompson,  March  5,  '64. 
Henry  Thompson,  Sept.  27,  '62, 
Matthew  Thune,  Feb.  26,  '64. 
Francis  Tounge,  May  19,  '62. 
William  H.  Treen,  Oct.  23,  '61. 
Peter  Van  Patten,  Oct.  4,  '61,  disch.  Nov.  1,  '62. 
Henry  Van  Geison,  Oct.  17,  '61,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
George  Ward,  Jan.  29,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Martin  Ward,  Feb.  2,  '65,  disch.  June  13,  '65. 
E.  S.  Warford,  Sept.  12,  '61,  disch.  Sept.  12,  '64. 
Thomas  Wells,  April  8,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
J.  W.  Wilson,  March  10,  '62,  disch.  March  10,  '65. 
John  T.  Wilson,  Feb.  26,  '64,  disch.  July  6,  '65. 
W.  B.  Warford,  Sept.  21,  '61,  disch.  Jan.  30,  '63. 
C.  Winckler,  Feb.  24,  '64,  killed  in  act.  June  1,  '64. 
Richard  Wally,  Oct.  25,  '61. 
William  Ward,  Oct.  24,  '61. 
John  H.  Watson,  Aug.  20,  '63. 
Charles  Welsh,  Jan.  31,  '65. 

The  killed  who  belonged  to  this  company 
were  William  Saulsbury,  May  12,  1864; 
Jacob  Gamewell,  June  8,1864;  Philip  Stev- 
enson, June  3, 1864 ;  Charles  Winckler,  June 
1,  1864 — all  privates. 

COMPANY  I,  TENTH  REGIMENT,   NEW  JERSEY  VOL- 
UNTEERS. 

Captains. 
JohnCoates,  Nov.  26,  '61,  disch.  March  6,  '62. 
James  R.  Stone,  March  15,  '62,  disch.  Aug.  23,  '62. 
William  H.  Franklin,  Oct.  10,  '63,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

First   Lieutenants. 
Charles  F.  Stone,  Oct.  15,  '61,  disch.  March  4,  '62. 
John  S.  Cooper,  March  31,  '62,  res.  July  31,  '63. 
Savillion  A.  Steinmetz,  Oct.  4,  '63,  dis.  May  6,  '65. 
Charles  A.  Austice,  June  10,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


133 


Second  Lieutenants. 

Jacob  M.  Sharpe,  Nov.  26,  '61,  res.  March  6,  '62. 

E.  D.  Mitchell,  Apr.  21,  '62,  pr.  1st.  lieut.  Co.  I,  2d 
Cav.  Regt.  Aug.  26,  '68. 

Richard  A.  Herring,  Oct.  3,  '63,  com.   1st.  lieut. 
Co.  G,  Oct.  24,  '63. 

Adolphus  Yuncker,  Feb.  1,  '65,  2d  lieut.  vice  Her- 
ring disch. 

Sergeants. 

George  Burnshouse,  Oct.  21,  '61,  disch.  Oct.  21,  '64. 

Pitney  Wilson,  Sept.  24,  '61,  disch.  May  5,  '62. 

Miles  G.  Sparks,  Sept.  30,  '61,  disch.  Feb.  6,  '66. 

James  R.  Jobes,  Sept.  27,  '61,  disch.  Sept.  27,  '64. 

Francis  B.  Abbott,  Oct.  8,  '61,  disch.  Nov.  26,  '64. 

George  A.  Hiles,  Dec.  1,  '61,  disch.  Nov.  30,  '64. 

James  G.  Wisner,  Aug.  14,  '63,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Robert  B.  Sandford,  Dec.  5,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

John  Moran,Sept.  9,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Charles  Brooks,  Nov.  25,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Isaiah  Abbott,  Sep.  19,  '61,  disch.  Jan.  18,  '62. 

Starr  G.  Holly,  Nov.  14,  '61. 

Corporals. 
James  R.  Purcell,  May  30,  '62,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Sydenham  W.  Houser,  Feb.  25,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 
John  Hunsinger,  Sept.  19,  '61,  disch.  Oct.  21,  '64. 
John  Nelling,  Oct.  21,  '61,  disch.  Nov.  11,  '64. 
Daniel  Carey,  June  12,  '62,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
George  Taylor,  Dec.  3,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Charles  Cross,  Nov.  23,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Enoch  Edwards,  Dec.  1,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Henry  B.  Simpson,  Feb.  24,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
John  Hayson,  Oct.  21,  '61,  disch.  Oct.  21,  '64. 
Abraham  Hackman,  Oct.  14,  '61,  dis.  May  4,  '62. 
Richard  A.  Spain,  Oct.  7,  '61,  disch.  May  5,  '62. 
Frederick  H.  Leach,  Sept.  9,  '61,  tr.  to  V.  R.  C. 
Hedger  C.  Pierce,  Sept.  23,  '61,  tr.  to  V.  R.  C. 
Edwin  Holly,  Nov.  19,  '61,  died  Jan.  31,  '62. 
Charles  Wilson,  Sept.  27,  '61. 
James  Gardner,  Sept.  27,  '62. 
W.  S.  Leach,  muse,  Sept.  19,  '61,-  dis.  Mar.  5,  '62. 

Privates. 
Evan  Armster,  Nov.  11,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Peter  Adshead,  Sept.  27,  '61,  disch.  June  27,  '62. 
George  Arp,  Mar.  1,  '64,  disch.  Jan.  7,  '65. 
Henry  T.  Ainesworth,  Aug.  26,  '63. 
James  Anderson,  Aug.  26,  '63. 
Henry  Atkins,  Apr.  15,  '64. 
George  P.  Beach,  Sept.  8,  '62,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
John  Bock,  Nov.  18,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  65. 
William  Bradenbach,  Feb.  1,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
George  W.  Brill,  Feb.  25,  '64,  disch.  June  13,  '65. 
Harvey  V.  Burch,  Feb.  26,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
Henry  S.  Butcher,  Nov.  24,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 
John  Brownlie,  Jan.  30,  '63,  disch.  Oct.  31,  '63. 


George  F.  Bird,  Oct.  21,  '61,  tr.  to  V.  R.  C. 

John  Boyle,  Dec.  21,  '64,  tr.  from  Co.  F,  4th  Regt. 

Lewis  Beebe,  Nov.  2,  '61,  died  Aug.  1,  '63. 

Henry  Biggs,  Dec.  23,  '63,  died  Aug.  2,  '64. 

Daniel  O.  Brown,  July  14,  '62,  died  May  14,  '64. 

George  Barry,  Oct.  17,  '62. 

Patrick  Barry,  Jan.  12,  '64. 

William  Bell,  Dec.  1,  '64. 

August  Bertrand,  Nov.  28,  '64. 

SufFrey  I.  Blank,  Sept.  27,  '61. 

John  Brine,  Mar.  30,  '64. 

Joseph  Brooks,  Aug.  10,  '63. 

Charles  H.  Brown,  Jan.  13,  .'63. 

Harrison  Brown,  March  14,  '64. 

Henry  Bryan,  Jan.  21,  '63. 

James  Buckley,  March  1,  '64. 

Peter  Butler,  March  1,  '64. 

Samuel  Boyer,  Sept.  2,  '62. 

Reuben  Camp,  Nov.  28,  '64,  disch.  July  13,  '65. 

Henry  Campbell,  Jan.  2,  '64,  disch.  June  22,  '65. 

William  Carson,  Nov.  29,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Peter  Chekle,  Nov.  22,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Morris  Crater,  Feb.  27,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Peter  Crown,  Jan.  2,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

William  Culver,  Nov.  6,  '61,  disch.  Nov.  18,  '64. 

John  Cline,  Oct.  3,  '61,  disch.  Dec.  6,  '62. 

Peter  Cody,  Sept.  13,  '64,  tr.  to  Co.  K,  15th  Regt. 

William  B.  Cook,  Aug.  20,  '62,  tr.  to  V.  R.  C. 

John  Crater,  Feb.  27,  '64,  died  Jan.  12,  '65  of  wds. 

Thomas  Cregg,  Oct.  21,  '61,  died  Nov.  25,  '64. 

Robert  Camblass,  Nov.  2,  '61. 

Charles  T.  Carr,  Jan.  27,  '64. 

Dennis  Cavanaugh,  March  30,  '64. 

Thomas  Clayton,  Sept.  27,  '61. 

Lewis  C.  Coates,  Nov.  7,  '61. 

James  Gooley,  Sept.  27,  '61. 

Richard  Coplis,  March  13,  '63. 

Jacob  Decker,  March  81,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

John  Donnell,  Nov.  17,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Augustus  H.  Dorland,  Feb.  27,  '64,  died  Aug.  9,  '64. 

Robert  Dresser,  Sr.,  Oct.  28,  '61,  died  Jan.  25,  '63. 

James  Dagnan,  March  23,  '64. 

Francis  Darrin,  Aug.  1,  '63. 

Joseph  Davis,  Sept.  27,  '61. 

Thomas  Davis,  Aug.  19,  '63. 

Henry  Deuring,  Aug.  10,  '63. 

Francis  Donnegan,  Jan.  16,  '63. 

Robert  Dresser,  Jr.,  Nov.  19,  '61. 

William  Duffy,  Sept.  24,  '61. 

William  Dugan,  June  4,  '62. 

Clarkson  F.  Dunham,  Oct.  29,  '61. 

Peter  Eckersly,  April  1,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

M.  Englebrechtem,  Nov.  18,  '64,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

James  M.  Everett,  Sept.  7,  '61,  disch.  Sept.  20,  '64. 

Jeremiah  Emmons,  Oct.  24,  '61,  disch.  May  2,  '62. 


134 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Aaron  Emory,  Oct.  6,  '62,  died  Nov.  3,  '64,  of  wds. 

Redmond  Emmons,  Oct.  21,  '61. 

Fritz  Fisher,  Dec.  3,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Samuel  G.  Foster,  Aug.  22,  '63,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Daniel  C.  Fowler,  Dec.  23,  '63,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Wm.  W.  Frazer,  Oct.  16,  '61,  disch.  March  3,  '62. 

Josiah  Ford,  Oct.  21,  '61,  died  Jan.  20,  1862. 

Thos.  Ford,  Oct.  21,  '61,  died  July  1,  '64,  of  wds. 

David  Farlen,  Sept.  8,  '63. 

Hiram  Fish,  October  24,  '61. 

Jacob  Gibson,  Nov.  19,  '61,  disch,  July  6,  '65. 

Samuel  Goff,  Oct.  21,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Martin  Gallagher,  Nov.  30,  '64. 

John  Gill,  Oct.  5,  '64. 

Raymond  Graff,  Feb.  1,  '65. 

Robert  Greeu,  Jan.  17,  '63. 

Jno.  F.  Hamilton,  Sept.  19,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Isaac  Harris,  Nov.  28,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

John  Hart,  Dec.  23,  '63,  disch.  May  22,  '65. 

David  Hays,  Nov.  28,  '64,  disch.  June  16,  '65. 

Mich'l  Hennessy,  Nov.  26,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Silas  Hoffman,  Nov.  8,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

James  Hudson,  Nov.  25,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Wm.  H.  Hulshart,  Nov.  29,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  65. 

Geo.  Hamilton,  Sept.  27,  '61,  disch.  Feb.  22,  '62. 

Simeon  Hammil,  Oct.  14,  '61,  disch.  Aug.  28,  '62. 

Thomas  Harra,  Nov.  5,  '61,  disch.  May  5,  '62. 

Stille  C.  Hendrickson,  Oct.  1,  '61,  dis.  June  18,  '64. 

E.  Helfreich,  Sept.  25,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  E,  4th  Regt. 

A.  Helstein,  Sept.  24,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  B,  4th  Regt. 

J.  Helstein,  Sept.  24,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  B,  4th  Regt. 

Edwin  Haight,  Aug.  26,  '63. 

Francis  Hamilton,  Feb.  3,  '63. 

James  Harris,  Oct.  11,  '62. 

Jacob  Hawk,  Oct.  19,  '61. 

Zachary  Hess,  Aug.  14,  '62. 

Albert  Higgins,  Aug:  27,  '62. 

William  Hill,  Aug.  19,  '63. 

John  S.  Hosea,  Feb.  2,  '63. 

Christian  Jensen,  Nov.  17,  '64,  disch.  July  7,  '65. 

Joseph  Johnson,  Jan.  2,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Franklin  Jones,  Nov.  28,  '64,  died.  May  19,  '65. 

Albert  Jacques,  Oct.  29,  '61. 

Lawrence  Jenkins,  March  31,  '65. 

Richard  Kelly,  Nov.  28,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Andrew  Kelstram,  Nov.  17,  '64,  disch.  July  7,  '65. 

Lorenzo  D.  Kemple,  Sept.  8,  '63,  trans,  to  Co.  C. 

Michael  Kearcher,  Feb.  15,  '64. 

Edward  Kelly,  Aug.  13,  '63. 

Jesse  Kemball,  Aug.  27,  '63. 

John  King,  Feb.  3,  "63. 

William  Knight,  Oct.  17,  '62. 

Daniel  D.  Layton,  May  8,  '63,  disch.  July  1 ,  '65. 

James  Lingham,  Nov.  25,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Hugh  Lippincott,  Oct.  3,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 


Henry  Logan,  Nov.  12,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Francis  Lill,  Feb.  25,  '64,  disch.  Mar.  27,  '65. 

P.  Louderman,  Sept.  24,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  B,  4th  Rt. 

E.  Ludwig,  Sept.  24,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  B,  4th  Regt. 

George  B.  Land,  Sept  24,  '61,  died  Oct.  12,  '62. 

Jacob  K.  Lipsey,  Oct.  21,  '61,  disch.  Feb.  Y,  '65. 

Robert  Lane,  Feb.  5,  '63. 

Charles  J.  Livingston,  Aug.  17,  '63. 

Alexander  Lynch,  Nov.  12,  '61. 

Hiram  Lynch,  Nov.  12,  '61. 

Joseph  Love,  September  30,  '62. 

John  Maloy,  Nov.  22,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Joseph  Marshall,  Nov.  29,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

John  Mason,  Nov.  25,  '64,  disch.  July  25,  '65. 

John  F.  McDonald,  Jan.  10,  '63,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Benjamin  Mingen,  Nov.  29,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Frank  Mitten,  Feb.  1,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Wm.  H.  Mitten,  Dec.  1,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

John  Murphy,  Jan.  30,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Thomas  Mason,  Nov.  2,  '61,  disch.  March  5,  '62. 

George  May,  Nov.  15,  '62,  disch.  April  10,  '63. 

Patk.  McDonough,  Nov.  8,  '61,  disch.  June  27,  '62. 

William  Miller,  Nov.  18,  '61,  disch.  June  6,  '62. 

Edward  McElroy,  Aug.  17,  '63,  died  Sept.  6,  '64. 

D.  McFagan,  Nov.  1,  '64,  died  Nov.  29,  '64,  of  wds. 

Felix  Mullen,  Oct.  22,  '61,  died  April  15,  '65. 

John  Major,  Aug.  20,  '62. 

Jeremiah  Maloney,  Dec.  2,  '64. 

Augustus  Martin,  Nov.  23,  '61. 

Thomas  Martin,  April  2,  '64. 

John  McLoy,  Oct.  17,  '62. 

John  Meade,  Aug.  26,  '63. 

Joseph  Miller,  Aug.  19,  '62. 

James  Morgan,  Oct.  18,  '62. 

Thomas  Murphy,  Jan.  31,  '65. 

Victor  Nizon,  Nov.  22,  '64,  disch.  Aug.  3,  '65. 

James  Nolan,  Dec.  6,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Henry  Nickum,  Oct.  22,  '61,  disch.  March  5,  '62. 

Daniel  Ogburn,  Aug.  27,  '62,  died  Nov.  11,  '64. 

Michael  O'Brien,  Aug.  26,  '63. 

John  B.  Ogburn,  Aug  27,  '62. 

Henry  B.  Paxton,  Oct.  19,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Taylor  Phifer,  Nov.  28,  '64,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

James  Pharo,  Nov.  15,  '61,  disch.  June  1,  '62. 

George  Reinecker,  Jan.  30,  '62,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

John  Robinson,  Sept.  24,  '61,  disch.  April  10,  '63. 

William  Ross,  Oct.  25,  '61,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 

Henry  Ramsey,  Oct.  25,  '61. 

William  W.  Randies,  Sept.  27,  '61. 

Joseph  M.  Ray,  Aug.  28,  '63. 

Charles  Reilly,  Aug.  26,  '63. 

John  Robinson,  Nov.  25,  '64. 

William  Robinson,  Aug.  1,  '63. 

George  Rodman,  Aug.  19,  '63. 

John  Scheeper,  Feb.  1,  '65,  disch.  July  1,  '66. 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


135 


Alfred  Sellers,  Nov.  30,  1864,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Eph.  L.  Smith,  Sept.  27,  '61,  disch.  July  1,  '65. 

Josiah  Sawns,  Sept.  30,  '61,  disch.  Aug.  25,  '62. 

Joseph  Schoner,  Sept.  15,  '61,  disch.  Sept.  3,  '63. 

John  Sturges,  Oct.  7,  '61,  disch.  May  8,  '62. 

W.  Searchfield,  Oct.  25,  '62,  trans,  to  1st  Rt.  D.  O.  V. 

T.  Shields,  Sept.  8,  '61,  killed  in  action  Aug.  17,  '64. 

Nicholas  Sidell,  Sept.  24,  '64  ;  died  Oct.  26,  '64. 

Mayab  Slimn,  Sept.  24,  '61  ;  died  Nov.  15,  '64. 

Wm.  Spargo,  Jan.  2,  '64;  died  July  23,  '64. 

Dennis  Sullivan,  Nov.  28,  '64 ;  died  April  14,  '65. 

Benj.  Sailor,  Feb.  25,  '64. 

James  Sinclair,  Nov.  5,  '61. 

John  Sinclair,  Sept.  8,  '61. 

Ed.  Smith,  March  1,  '64. 

Edward  0.  Smith,  Oct.  21,  '61. 

Henry  Smith,  Sept.  2,  '63. 

John  Smith,  March  3,  '65. 

Samuel  Smith,  Nov.  7,  '62. 

James  Snow,  Oct.  21,  '61. 

A.  H.  Titus,  Sept.  30,  '61 ;  dis.  Sept.  20,  "64. 

Constant  Tolans,  Nov.  28,  '63  ;  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

James  Traverse,  Jan.  30,  '65  ;  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Jacob  Thomas,  Oct.  7,  '61  ;  died  March  6,  '65. 

Geo.  Thompson,  Feb.  1,  '65. 

John  Tracy,  Feb.  26,  '64. 

Wm.  Tome,  Sept.  22,  '64;  trans.  Co.  D,  4th  Regt. 

Robt.  Traffy,  Sept.  26,  '65 ;  trans.  Co.  B,  4th  Regt. 

Geo.  Trader,  Jan.  27,  '64. 

Wm.  Truitt,  Aug.  19,  '63. 

Charles  Vanosell,  Oct.  30,  '61. 

Charles  Waisse,  Jan.  30,  '65 ;  dis.  July  1,  '66. 

Samuel  Webb,  Dec.  23,  '63 ;  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Richard  Welsh,  Mar.  30,  '65 ;  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

John  Wiley,  Nov.  11,  '64 ;  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Charles  Williams,  Nov.  16,  '64;  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Robt.  Williams',  Jan.  30,  "65  ;  dis.  June  20,  '65. 

JohnWilkins,  Nov.  19,  '61 ;  dis.  March  5,  '62. 

Jos.  B.  Wolcott,  Aug.  16,  '62 ;  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 

John  Woodbine,  Dec.  1,  '64;  trans,  to  Co.  C. 

Henry  Woodward,  April  12,  '65 ;  trans,  to  Co.  C. 

Sam'l  B.  White,  Oct.  21,  '61 ;  died  Feb.  5,  '62. 

Owen  Williams,  Aug.  26,  '63 ;  died  July  26,  '64. 

Francis  Watkins,  Aug.  1,  '63. 

John  Welch,  March  13,  '63. 

Samuel  Wheaton,  Nov.  2,  '62. 

George  Whittaker,  Sept.  30,  '61. 

Charles  L.  Willey,  Sept.  8,  '63. 

Charles  H.  Williams,  Aug.  17,  '63. 

Wm.  Williams,  Aug.  17,  '63. 

Garrett  Wilson,  Aug.  27,  '63. 

Peter  Wolford,  Nov.  2,  '61. 

Bernard  Wood,  Aug.  21,  '63. 

Henry  Wood,  March  23,  '64. 

Frank  Young,  Nov.  21,  '64 ;  dis.  July  1,  '66. 


Joseph  C.  Young,  Nov.  2,  '61  ;  died.  June  5,  '64. 
William  Yeager,  Aug.  1,  '63. 

Thomas   Shields  is   the    only  member  of 
this  company  reported  as  killed  in  battle. 

The  Twelfth  Regiment.  —  Camden 
County  contributed  to  the  Twelfth  Regiment 
Companies  E,  G  and  I.  This  command  was 
raised  under  the  President's  call  of  July  1 , 
1862,  for  three  hundred  thousand  three  years' 
volunteers,  and  was  mustered  in  at  Wood- 
bury September  4th.  Thomas  H.  Davis, 
of  Camden,  was  appointed  major  and  after- 
wards promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel.  En 
route  to  Washington  September  7,  1862,  the 
regiment  was  directed  to  guarding  the  line  of 
the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  near  Elli- 
cott  City,  Md.,  and  joined  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  at  Falmouth,  Va.,  December  6th. 
It  was  first  attached  to  the  Second .  Brigade, 
Third  Division,  Second  Army  Corps,  and 
later  to  the  Third  Brigade  of  the  Second 
Division  of  the  same  corps.  Serving  until 
the  close  of  the  war,  it  was  a  participant  in 
the  following-named  battles : 

Chancellorsville,  May  3  and  4, 1863  ;  Gettysburg, 
Pa.,  July  2  and  3,  1868;  Falling  Waters,  Md., 
July  13,  1863;  Auburn  Mills,  Va.,  October  14, 
1863;  Bristow  Station,  Va.,  October  14,  1863; 
Blackburn's  Ford,  Va.,  October  15,  1863;  Robin- 
son's Tavern,  Va.,  November  27,  1863  ;  Mine  Run, 
Va.,  November  28,  29  and  30,  1863;  Morton's 
Ford,  Va.,  February  6,  1864;  Wilderness,  Va., 
May  5  to  7,  1864;  Spottsylvania,  Va.,  May  8  to  11, 
1864;  Spottsylvania  Court-House,  May  12  to  18, 

1864  ;  North  and  South  Anna  River,  Va.,  May  24 
to  26,  1864 ;  Tolopotomy,  Va.,  May  30  and  31, 
1864;  Cold  Harbor,  Va.,  June  2  to  12, 1864  ;  Before 
Petersburg,  Va.,  June  20  to  23, 1864;  Deep  Bottom, 
Va.,  July  26  to  29,  1864;  Mine  Explosion,  Va., 
July  30,  1864 ;  Ream's  Station,  Va.,  August  25, 
1864;  Fort  Sedgewick,  Va.,  September  10,  1864; 
Boydton  Plank-Road,  Va:,  October  27,  1864; 
Hatcher's  Run,  Va.,  February  6  to  8,  1865  ;  Dab- 
ney's  Mills,  Va.,  February  28,  1865;  Hatcher's 
Run,  Va.,  March  25, 1865  ;  Capture  of  Petersbur'i, 
Va.,  April  2,  1865  ;  Sailor's  Creek,  Va.,  April  6, 

1865  ;  High  Bridge,  Va.,  April  7,  1865  ;  Farmville, 
Va.,  April  7,  1865;  Lee's  surrender  (Appomattox, 
Va.),  April  9,  1865. 

Companies  E  and  G,  at  Gettysburg,  on  the 


136 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


eveningof  July  2, 1863,  were  a  part  of  the  force 
that  drove  the  Confederate  sharpshooters  from 
a  house  and  barn  on  the  Emmettsburg  road, 
an  affair  in  which  Captain  Horsfall  was 
killed  and  Lieutenant  Elastwick  wounded. 
Upon  this  site  the  survivors  of  this  regiment, 
in  1886,  erected  a  handsome  monument.  At 
Bristow  Station  Lieutenant  Low,  of  Company 
G,  received  his  death-wound  and  his  com- 
pany was  very  badly  cut  up.  ^Vt  Spottsyl- 
vania  Court-House,  on  May  6,  1864,  the 
regiment  lost  heavily.  Colonel  Davis  and 
Captains  Chew  and  Potter  being  among  the 
wounded.  Color-Sergeant  Charles  H.  Cheese- 
man,  Company  E,  of  Camden,  who  had 
borne  the  colors  of  the  command  with  great 
bravery  through  all  its  battles,  was  fatally  in- 
jured. On  the  12th,  it  was  in  the  attack  on 
Johnson's  division  of  Ewell's  corps,  where 
Colonel  Davis  was  instantly  killed  at  the 
head  of  the  charging  column  of  his  men. 

Captain  James  McCoomb,  of  Camden, 
succeeded  to  the  command  of  the  regiment, 
and  was  mortally  wounded  by  a  shell  at  the 
battle  of  Cold  Harbor.  His  successor  was 
Captain  Daniel  Dare,  also  of  Camden,  who 
was  in  charge  until  Major  Thomson  returned 
from  recruiting  service.  The  latter  being  seri- 
ously wounded  at  Ream's  Station,  the  com- 
mand fell  upon  Major  Henry  F.  Chew,  still 
another  Camden  soldier,  so  that  the  Twelfth's 
profuse  laurels  may  be  said  to  have  been 
largely  gained  under  the  direction  of  the 
zealous  and  brave  officers  who  came  from 
this  county.  It  never  lost  a  color,  was  never 
broken  in  action  and  reflected  honor  upon 
South  Jersey,  from  whence  it  was  recruited. 

Col.  Thomas  H.  Davis,^  son  of  Benjamin 
T.  and  Eleanor  Davis,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Camden,  N.  J.,  July  23,  1835.  His  early 
days  were  passed  in  his  native  town  until,  at 
the  age  of  seventeen,  he  entered  the  West 
Jersey  Collegiate  School,  at  'Mount  Holly, 
then  under  the  care  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Mil- 

1  Colonel  Wm:  E.  Potter. 


ler.  Here  he  remained  until  the  period  of 
his  school-days  had  ended,  when  he  went 
West  and  was  engaged  for  several  years  in 
the  cities  of  Toledo,  O.,  and  Detroit,  Mich., 
in  the  construction  of  gas-works.  He  after- 
wards returned  to  Camden  and  entered  into 
business  in  Philadelphia,  which  occupied  him 
until  near  the  outbreak  of  the  war.  He  was 
among  the  first  of  the  young  men  of  the 
State  to  tender  his  services  to  the  imperiled 
government,  and  entered  the  service  at  the 
first  call  as  paymaster  of  the  Fourth  Regi- 
ment of  the  New  Jersey  Militia,  and  in  this 
capacity  served  three  months  in  front  of 
Washington. 

On  the  9th  day  of  July,  1862,  he  was 
commissioned  major  of  the  Twelfth  Regiment 
New  Jersey  Volunteers,  and  immediately 
entered  upon  his  duties  at  the  camp  of  that 
regiment  at  Woodbury.  The  acquaint- 
ance of  the  writer  with  him  began  at  this 
time.  From  his  entrance  into  the  Twelfth 
Regiment  Major  Davis  showed  an  ardent 
interest  in  its  welfare.  He  was  proud 
of  the  material  of  which  it  was  composed — 
sons  of  farmers  and  young  sea-faring  men 
chiefly — a  manly  body  of  troops,  which,  for 
strength,  youth,  activity  and  health,  I  think, 
was  not  surpassed  by  any  which  the  State 
furnished  during  the  war.  Major  Davis 
gave  himself  diligently  to  his  duties  and 
soon  had  the  respect  and  affection  of  the  en- 
tire regiment. 

The  Twelfth  Regiment,  after  serving  some 
months  in  Maryland, in  December,1862,  joined 
the  Second  Brigade,  Third  Division,  Army 
of  the  Potomac,  near  Falmouth,  Va.  Here, 
ou  the  27th  of  February,  1863,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  J.  Howard  Willetts  was  commissioned 
colonel  of  the  regiment  and  Major  Davis  was 
promoted  to  be  lieutenant-colonel. 

The  winter  and  early  spring  were  spent 
in  perfecting  the  equipment,  drill  and 
discipline  of  the  regiment  and  perform- 
ing what  was  probably  the  most  severe  and 
exposing  picket  duty  of  the  war.      »The  dis- 


-^^^^v^ 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


137 


tance  from  the  camp  to  the  picket  line,  the 
horrible  weather  and  roads,  the  want  of 
proper  shelter  for  the  reserves  and  the  com- 
parative inexperience  of  the  men,  have  marked 
the  winter  of  1862-63  with  black  lines  in 
the  diary  of  every  soldier  who  was  during 
those  months  upon  the  right  front  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac.  Colonel  Davis,  as 
field  officer  of  the  day,  was  necessarily  much 
exposed  during  this  winter,  and  thus  laid  the 
foundation  of  an  attack  of  inflammatory 
rheumatism,  which  early  in  May  completely 
prostrated  him  so  that  he  was  ordered  home 
and  was  not  allowed  to  return  until  about 
the  1st  of  August,  1863.  I  have  often 
heard  him  regret  that  he  was  thus  absent 
from  the  great  actions  of  Chancellorsville 
and  Gettysburg.  Colonel  Willetts  was  badly 
wounded  at  Chancellorsville,  and  on  the  re- 
turn of  Colonel  Davis  from  sick  leave  he 
assumed  the  command  of  his  regiment,  which 
he  was  thenceforth  to  lead  in  more  than  one 
bloody  action,  and  in  front  of  whose  stead- 
fast lines  he  was  to  fall. 

He  was  steadily  on  duty  during  the  latter 
part  of  the  summer  of  1863,  and  at  the 
combat  near  Greenwich  and  the  severe  action 
bf  Bristow  Station,  both  fought  upon  the 
14th  of  October,  1863,  he  manoeuvred  his 
troops  with  that  coolness  and  serene  courage 
which  always  distinguished  him.  He  was 
again  engaged  with  his  regiment  on  the  15th 
of  October  at  Blackburn's  Ford  or  Bull  Run, 
aud  later  in  the  fall,  during  the  short  but  ex- 
pensive campaign  of  Mine  Run.  On  Feb- 
ruary 7,  1864,  he  was  among  the  first  on 
foot  to  ford  the  icy  waters  of  the  Rapidan 
at  Morton's  Ford,  and  was  warmly  engaged 
in  the  severe  combat.  With  the  rest  of  the 
army,  he  crossed  the  Rapidan  on  the  night 
of  May  4,  1 864,  and  was  heavily  engaged  in 
the  first  great  action  of  the  Wilderness  cam- 
paign on  the  evening  of  May  5th.  The 
next  morning  Carroll's  brigade,  in  which 
was  the  regiment  of  Colonel  Davis,  advanced 
more  than  a  mile,  swinging  to  the  left  and 
18 


across  the  Orange  Court-House  plank-road, 
and,  with  the  other  brigades  and  division  of 
the  Second  Corps,  driving  the  corps  of  A. 
P.  Hill,  of  the  enemy's  army,  in  utter  con- 
fusion before  it. 

During  a  halt,  at  length  ordered,  a  shell 
exploded  near  Colonel  Davis  and  he  was 
stricken  to  the  ground.  One  who  was 
wounded,  an  hour  later,  found  him  at  the 
field  hospital.  He  was  hit  by  splinters  thrown 
off  from  a  tree  struck  by  the  shell  referred 
to,  and  not  by  the  projectile  itself.  He  lay 
at  the  field  hospital  until  the  evening  of  May 
7th,  and  joined  his  regiment  when,  with  the 
army,  it  moved  toward  Spottsylvania.  As 
he  pressed  the  hand  of  the  officer  referred  to 
and  bade  him  farewell,  he  said,  "  If  we  were 
into  camp  now  I  should  apply  for  leave  on 
the  strength  of  these  bruises,  but  I  cannot 
bear  the  thought  of  leaving  my  regiment  so 
long  as  I  can  sit  on  my  horse."  Graven  on 
the  memory  of  his  friend  as  with  a  pen  of 
steel,  these  last  manly  M^ords  of  Colonel  Davis 
sound  in  his  ears  clearly,  as  if  spoken  but 
yesterday. 

On  the  12th  of  May,  1864,  Colonel  Davis, 
at  the  head  of  the  Twelfth  Regiment,  formed 
a  part  of  that  magnificent  column  of  veter- 
an infantry  which,  under  command  of  Gen- 
eral Hancock,  assaulted  Lee's  line  at  Spott- 
sylvania, and  sweeping  over  it,  pierced  his 
centre.  On  foot,  because  it  was  impossible 
to  ride  through  abatis  and  over  earthwork, 
erect,  vigilant,  enthusiastic,  not  yet  recovered 
from  severe  bruises  of  six  days  before,  but 
triumphing  over  them,  eye-witnesses  still  love 
to  tell  with  what  springing  valor  and  in- 
comparable energy  Colonel  Davis  led  his 
regiment  as  they  swept  like  one  great  wave 
over  the  enemy's  work  and  into  their  camp. 
The  enemy's  first  line  was  carried  with  but 
little  loss,  but  half  a  mile  to  the  rear  the 
charging  troops  came  upon  a  second  line 
heavily  manned  and  sternly  defended.  And 
here,  while  cheering  on  his  troops  with  ani- 
mated  gestures,  in   front   of  his  colors  and 


138 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


almost  touching  them,  Colonel  Davis,  struck 
by  a  ball  which  passed  through  his  neck, 
fell  dead.  He  was  buried  near  the  field 
where  he  fell,  but  a  few  days  later  was  re- 
moved to  Fredericksburg,  whence,  in  the 
autumn  of  1865,  loving  hands  bore  him 
northward,  and  on  a  beautiful  day  in  No- 
vember of  that  year,  on  the  eve  of  the  first 
Thanksgiving  after  the  war,  in  the  presence 
of  his  family  and  a  few  of  his  comrades,  he 
was  laid  to  rest  in  the  cemetery  of  Laurel 
Hill. 

Few  men  were  more  soldierly  in  appear- 
ance than  Colonel  Davis — none  more  brave 
and  zealous  in  the  cause  for  which  he  died. 
Tall,  erect,  commanding  in  person,  electric  in 
temperament,  of  a  bold  and  resolute  charac- 
ter, his  troops  so  leaned  on  him  that,  when 
he  commanded,  his  regiment  fought  with  a 
massive  energy  which  was  often  noticed. 
Warm  in  his  affections,  kind  and  genial  in  man- 
ners, many  loved  him,  none  will  forget  him. 
He  was  a  gallant  soldier  and  genial  gentle- 
man, who  freely  left  home  and  friends  to  cast 
his  sword,  his  heart  and  his  life  into  the  breach 
to  save  the  honor  of  his  country. 

The  rolls  of  the  Camden  County  companies 
of  the  Twelfth  Regiment  are  as  follows  : 

COMPANY   B. 

[This  company  was  mustered  in  September  4,  1862,  and  mustered 
out  July  15,  1865,  unless  otherwise  stated,] 

Captains. 

Charles  K.  Horsfall,  killed  July  2,  '63. 

Daniel  Dare,  Aug.  6,  '63. 

First  Lieutenants. 

Philip  M.  Armington,  resg.  Nov.  15,  '63. 

Ellwood  Griscom,  Feb.  22,  '65  ;  dis.  June  4,  '65. 

Second  Lieutenants. 
James  McOomb,  pro.  1st  It.  Co.  D  June  31,  '63. 
Stephen  G.  Eastwick,  Feb.  14,  '63 ;  dis.  Jan.  24,'64. 
G.  A.  Cobb,  May  1,  '65;  pro.  1st  It.  Co.  H  June  24,'65. 

First  Sergeants. 
John  R.  Rich,  pro.  sergt.-maj.  Nov.  27,  '63. 
John  Sheehan,  dis.  June  4,  '65. 

Sergeants. 
Ethelbert  Davis,  dis.  June  4,  '65. 
Wm.  H.  Brooks,  dis.  June  3,  '65. 
Charles  Sullivan,  dis.  June  4,  '65. 


James  M.  Cranen,  dis.  June  4,  '65. 
Charles  H.  Laing,  Feb.  23,  65. 
Elijah  L.  Smith,  Feb.  27,  '65. 
Pierce  McHenry,  April  7,  '65. 
John  Foster,  died  May  3,  '63,  of  wounds- 
Joseph  S.  Hugg,  Aug.  13,  '62 ;  died  Aug.  27,  '62. 
Charles  E.  Cheeseman,  died  May  7,  '64,  of  wounds. 
Charles  P.  Fish,  Aug.  4,  '62  ;  killed  May  12,  '64. 

Corporals. 
Henry  Ranser,  dis.  June  4,  '65. 
Frederick  Fagley,  dis.  June  4,  '65. 
Edward  S.  Ellis,"  dis.  July  10,  '65. 
Joseph  Myers,  dis.  June  4,  '65. 
John  Hull,  dis.  June  4,  '65. 
Wm.  M.  Copeland,  dis.  June  4,  '65. 
Samuel  E.  Farrington,  dis.  .June  4,  '65. 
John  Evans,  Feb.  23,  '65. 
Charles  Richards,  Feb.  22,  '65. 
•John  Thompson,  April  5,  '65. 
Isaac  M.  Williams,  April  5,  '65. 
George  White,  April  6,  '65. 
Ludwig  Schweitzer  dis.  May  17,  '65. 
Thomas  E.  Prickett,  dis.  Dec.  24,  '64. 
Joseph  A.  Davis,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
John  Pinkerton,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
Edmund  M.  Stevenson,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
Johd  Clements,  died  June  22,  '63,  of  wounds. 
Jonas  M.'  Roe,  died  Aug.  7,  '64,  of  wounds. 
Henry  Helms. 

Robert  J.  Thompson,  musician,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
Israel  J.  Conklin,  musician,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
.John  Bird,  wagoner,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 

.    Privates. 
Elias  Abrams,  Feb.  23,  '65,  disch.  Aug.  3,  '65. 
John  Antonia,  April  6,  '66. 
Benj.  Anthony,  disch.  Feb.  19,  '63. 
Jacob  Asay,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
George  Anderson,  killed  July  3,  '63. 
Thomas  Barrett,  Aug.  15,  '64. 
John  Beggs,  April  5,  '64. 
Wm.  Byrnes,  April  6,  '66. 
Peter  T.  Brewer,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
Lysander  H.  Banks,  died  Feb.  21,  '63. 
Martin  Blake,  Aug.  6,  '62. 
David  Campbell,  July  27,  '64,  disch.  Aug.  3,  '65. 
George  C.  Carlyle,  April  7,  '65. 
Charles  Clark,  March  31,  '65. 
James  Cunningham,  Feb.  23,  '65. 
Matthew  Cavanagh,  disch.  Jan.  13,  '64. 
Thomas  Calvert,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
James  P.  Campbell,  trans,  to  Co.  F. 
John  Q.  A.  Cline,  killed  May  8,  '63. 
Charles  F.  Collett,  killed  May  3,  '63. 
John  C.  Conley,  died  June  12,  '64,  of  wounds. 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


139 


Isaac  H.  Copeland,  killed  July  3,  '63. 
Alexander  Drew,  Feb.  23,  '65. 
Ezra  Drew,  Feb.  28,  '65. 
Albert  Davis,  disch.  Feb.  17,  '64. 
Enoch  H.  Duffield,  disch.  Dec.  30,  '62. 
Samuel  C.  Elbertson,  disch.  March  9,  '63. 
Lucius  Q.  C.  Elmer,  trans,  to  V.  K.  C. 
John  Farrington,  disch.  Aug.  1,  '65. 
Samuel  Fleet,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
Rudolph  Frick,  April  4,  '65. 
Aaron  Garwood,  disch.  June  12,  '65. 
John  Geier,  April  4,  '64. 
Frank  Gibson,  April  5,  '65,  disch.  July  17,  '65. 
Robert  Gordon,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
Thomas  J.  Gordon,  disch.  July  28,  '65. 
Michael  Griner,  disch.  July  8,  '63. 
Alexander  Gale,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
John  Gorman,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
David  Gordon,  died  Jan.  23,  '63. 
Wm.  H.  Haight,  Feb.  23,  '65. 
Charles  Hannahs,  April  5,  '65. 
Edward  P.  Harris,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
Wm.  Harrison,  April  6,  '65. 
Jacob  Hartman,  April  7,  '65. 
Aulson  Heaton,  April  7,  '65. 
Anthony  Heffner,  April  7,  '65. 
Albert  Heitz,  April  3,  '65. 
Jacob  Henkel,  April  7,  '65. 
James  Hopper,  Feb.  23,  '65. 
Daniel  H.  Horner,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
Benj.  Hackney,  disch.  Feb.  17,  '63. 
Jacob  Hinchman,  disch.  Oct.  22,  '63. 
Francis  Haggerty,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
Ira  C.  Hall,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
Joseph  Haynes,  trans,  to  V.  R.  0. 
Wm.  S-  Hineline,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C- 
Josiah  C.  Hughes,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
David  H.  Horner,  died  June  4,  '63,  of  wounds- 
Samuel  C.  Hultz,  killed  May  3,  '63. 
John  Ipser,  April  5,  '65. 
Alexander  Jervis,  died  Dec.  20,  '63. 
John  KUikus,  Feb.  28,  '65. 
Wm.  Korbel,  April  7,  '65. 
Charles  Kuntzman,  March  31,  '65. 
EmilLack,  April7, '65. 
John  Lack,  April  7,  '65. 
George  Lutz,  April  6,  '65. 
James  K.  P.  Lafferty,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
Charles  H.  Leeds,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
Anthony  Macel,  April  4,  '65. 
Frederick  Martin,  April  4,  '65. 
Francis  McBride,  Feb.  23,  '65. 
Augustus  Mitchell,  Feb.  27,  '65. 
Benjamin  Mullica,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
Patrick  Murray,  Feb.  28,  '65. 


Nathaniel  Morton,  disch.  Feb.  28,  '63. 

Augustus  Hunter,  disch.  Nov.  26,  '63. 

John  McKeon,  killed  May  3,  '63. 

Enoch  F.  Mills,  died  June  14,  '64,  of  wounds. 

Robert  Newsome,  April  3,  '65. 

Helondeus  Nonn,  April  5,  '65. 

William  Nagle,  died  Dec.  5,  64. 

Deitrick  Panzie,  April  4,  '65,  disch.  June  13,  '65. 

Henry  Peirce,  disch.  June  4,  '65- 

James  B.  Peirson,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 

Frederick  Pechmaun,  Jr.,  trans-  to  Sig-  Corps. 

Porteus  Pepoon,  killed  May  12,  '64. 

Obadiah  Reed,  April  6,  '65. 

Fidelius  Reich,  April  6,  '65. 

Ira  B-  Ridgway,  April  5,  '65- 

John  Reed,  disch.  Feb.  16,  '65. 

George  Riggs,  disch.  Nov.  7,  '63- 

Edward  Rodgers,  trans,  to  V-  R-  C- 

James  A.  Riley,  killed  July  2,  '63. 

Dennis  Ryan,  killed  May  3,  '63. 

Bernhardt  Schmidt,  April  7,  '65- 

John  Schubert,  April  1,  '65- 

Henry  Schultz,  April  7,  '65. 

Charles  F.  Senix,  pro-  q.m.-sergt.  Aug.  30,  '64. 

James  Shaffer,  April  5,  '65. 

George  Simpkins,  April  5,  '65. 

Joseph  L.  Simons,  disch.  May  18,  '65. 

Wm.  H.  Smith,  disch.  July  26,  '65- 

David  M.  Southard,  disch.  June  15,  '65. 

Peter  Spies,  April  6,  '65- 

Frederick  Staatz,  April  7,  '65- 

George  Skirm,  trans-  to  V.  R.  C- 

Seth  C  Southard,  trans-  to  V-  R-  C 

Wm-  H.  Shaffer,  Nov.  20,  '63,  killed  May  12,  '64. 

Samuel  K.  Sooy,  died  Sept.  15,  '63. 

Stephen  B.  Sooy,  died  Sept.  12,  '62. 

William  H.  Stockton,  killed  March  25,  '65. 

Isaac  A.  Taylor,  dis.  June  4,  '65. 

Amzi  Teachman,  Feb.  22,  '65. 

William  Tompson,  April  6,  '65. 

Andrew  H.  Tomlin,  April  7,  '65. 

William  Tozer,  dis.  June  4,  '65. 

Casimer  Trechler,  April  3,  '65. 

Charles  S.  Tindall,  killed  May  6,  '64. 

John  Thompson,  April  11,  '64. 

J.  Van  Volkenburgh,  Feb.  28,  '65,  dis.  May  20, '66. 

William  Walker,  April  6,  '65. 

Matthew  Wallace,  Feb.  22,  '65. 

John  Webber,  April  7,  '65. 

John  Weitner,  March  29,  '65. 

John  Welsh,  April  7,  '66. 

John  Westermayer,  April  6,  '66. 

George  Wilhelm,  April  7,  '65. 

Azel  Williams,  Feb.  27,  '65. 

Frank  Williams,  April  1,  '65. 


140 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Lawrence  Williams,  April  6,  '65. 

John  Wallace,  Feb.  19,  '64,  died.  Nov.  24,  '64. 

Thomas  J.  Williams,  killed  in  action  May  3,  '63. 

William  J.  Wood,  died  June  20,  '64. 

Henry  0.  Yeager,  April  4,  '65. 

Isaac  Young,  Feb.  27,  '65. 

Captain  Charles  K.'  Hoespall. — 
About  the  period  of  the  Revolution  au 
English  family  named  Horsfall  came  to  this 
country,  and  settled  in  Monmouth  County, 
N.  J.  There  were  two  brothers,  belonging 
to  the  better  class  of  English  farmers,  and 
they  purchased  land  on  their  arrival.  From 
these  pioneers  sprung  John  and  Richard 
Horsfall,  who  were  born  in  Monmouth 
County.  John  was  married  to  Sarah  Tim- 
mons,  of  Monmouth.  They  had  three  chil- 
dren,— Jacob  and  Isaac  (twins),  and  John. 
Richard  married  a  Smith  and  removed  to 
Cream  Ridge,  N.  J.  They  had  three  chil- 
dren. 

John,  the  father  of  Captain  Horsfall, 
moved  to  Burlington  County  before  he  was 
of  age,  and  became  a  merchant  in  Borden- 
town.  About  1851  he  took  up  his  residence 
in  Camden,  where  he  has  followed  the  busi- 
ness of  general  merchandising.  In  1836  he 
was  married  to  Hannah  E.,  daughter  of 
Charles  and  Ann  Kemble,  of  Bordentown, 
by  whom  he  had  four  children, — Charles  K., 
who  was  married  to  Amy  W.,  daughter  of 
AVilliam  and  Mary  Brooks,  of  Medford, 
N.  J. ;  Hannah  Ann  T.,  who  died,  aged  two 
years;  Theodore  F.,  (deceased),  who  was 
married  to  Anna  Wells,  of  Camden;  and 
Alethia  C,  who  is  married  to  James  B. 
Lewis,  formerly  of  Burlington  County,  now 
living  in  Camden.  They  had  three  children, 
— Etta  H.  and  Charles  H.  (deceased),  and 
Jennie  B. 

Captain  Charles  K.  Horsfall  was  born  in 
Burlington  County  December  31, 1836.  He 
was  one  of  those  heroic  spirits  who  entered 
into  the  service  of  his  country  from  pure 
patriotism.  Before  the  war  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  "  Camden  Light  Artillery  "  and  rose 


to  be  one  of  its  officers.  He  was  fond  of 
military  life,  and  when  the  Civil  War  opened 
raised  Company  E,  of  Twelfth  New  Jersey 
Volunteer  Infantry.  He  served  with  it 
in  all  the  hard  duty  which  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  was  called  upon  to  perform  up  to 
Gettysburg.  He  distinguished  himself  at 
Chancellorsville,  and  on  the  2d  of  July, 
1863,  at  Gettysburg.  A  detachment  of 
Twelfth  New  Jersey  and  Fourteenth  Con- 
necticut were  ordered  to  dislodge  a  body  of 
Confederate  sharpshooters  concealed  in  a 
barn.  He  bravely  led  his  men  and  was  shot 
through  the  head,  falling .  dead  within  the 
rebel  lines.  His  body  was  buried  on  the 
field  for  two  weeks,  when  it  was  removed  to 
its  present  resting-place,  Evergreen  Cemetery, 
in  this  city.  His  loss  was  deeply  mourned  by 
his  regiment,  for  he  was  a  brave  soldier, 
exemplary  citizen  and  thorough  Christian. 
His  mother  passed  to  rest  June  11,  1886. 

COMPANY    Q,   TWELFTH    REGIMEiS^T  NEW   JERSEY 
VOLUNTEERS  (THREE  YEARS'),  OF  CAMDEN. 

[This  company  was  mustered  in  September  4,   1862,   and  mustered 
out  June  4,  1865,  unless  otherwise  etated.J 

Captains. 
Samuel  B.  Jobes,  res.  Jan.  24,  '64. 
William  E.  Potter,  brev.-maj.  May  1,  '65. 

First  Lieutenants. 
James  T.  Lowe,  died  of  wounds  Oct.  30,  '63. 
F.  M.  Eiley,  Apr.  25,  '64,  pr.  capt.  Co.  F  Jan.  30,'65. 
James  P.  William,  Feb.  22,  '65. 
Robert  B.  Kates,  July  5,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

Second  Lieutenant. 
Charles  E.  Troutman,  res.  Feb.  4,  '64. 

First  Sergeant. 
Jeremiah  Casto. 

Sergeants. 
Joseph  Blake. 
Arthur  Stanley. 
William  H.  Rogers. 
John  Hall. 

Charles  Fosker,  April  5,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 
Charles  Hulbert,  Oct.  3,  '64,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 
Isaac  L.  Wood,  dis.  Oct.  14,  '63. 
Edw.  L.  Thornton,  dis.  April  2,  '63. 
Joshua  D.  Fithian,  dis.  Dec.  11,  '63. 
Hiram  Smith,  dis.  May  10,  '64. 
Henry  Fenton,  trans,  to  U.  S.  Navy. 


THE  WAE  FOR  THE  UNION. 


141 


Corporals. 
Theodore  Brick. 

Amos  Frampes. 

Isaiah  Groff. 

George  Woodrow.  • 

Edward  L.  Brick. 

Jesse  Peterson. 

David  H.  Eldrldge,  dis.  July  31,  '65. 

George  Johnson,  April  4,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

Theodore  Hildebrand,  April  5,^'65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

Frank  Myers,  April  3,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

William  H.  Howe,  dis.  Jan.  26,  '63. 

Charles  Mayhew,  trans,  to  V.  E.  C. 

Franklin  Bates,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 

William  W.  Collins,  killed  June  8,  '64. 

Howard  Turner,  musician. 

Richard  Cheeseman,  musician. 

Privates. 
Samuel  E.  Barker. 

John  Blackburn,  April  5,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 
Florence  Bleyler. 

Andrew  Bramble,  April  5,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 
Augustus  Brant,  April  4,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 
Robert  R.  Burk. 
Edward  V.  Byerly. 
James  Cain,  April  8,  '65. 
William  R.  Carter,  dis.  Dec.  11,  '63. 
John  B.  Carey. 

John  Conley,  killed  July  2,  '63. 
Newton  B.  Cook,  died  April  6,  '63. 
Joseph  Cooper,  April  8,  '65. 
Hiram  Cramer,  killed  May  3,  '63. 
Thomas  H.  Conover,  dis.  June  2,  '66. 
John  Corbet,  April  5,  '65,  dis.  June  15,  '65. 
Andrew  Cridline,  Aug.  26,  '64,  dis.  July  18,  '65. 
John  Crowley,  dis.  May  30,  '63. 
John  J.  Dall. 

Levi  M.  Decatur,  Aug.  26,  '64,  dis.  July  18,  '65. 
Edward  De  Parpart,  Aug.  18,  '64,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 
James  P.  Demarris,  dis.  Mar  25,  '63. 
Henry  C.  Derrickson,  died  June  20,  '64. 
John  H.  Dill,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
Jacob  S.  Dill,  died  of  wounds  May  15,  '63. 
William  E.  Downam,  dis.  July  14,  65. 
Gustav  Eisle,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 
Lewis  S.  Elmer,  killed  May  3,  '63. 
Daniel  Everingham. 
John  Fagan,  April  7, '65. 
William  Fee^  April  3,  '65,  died  July  15,  '65. 
John  Fernandos,  April  5,  '64,  dis.  July  16,  '65. 
John  Ferrell,  April  8,  '66,  dis.  June  28,  '65. 
Lawrence  Flood,  April  5,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 
Thomaa  Flynn,  April  4,  '65,  dis.  July  16,  '65. 
Alfred  B.  Fortiner,  dis.  July  31,  '65. 
Benj.  F.  Gladden,  dis.  June  21,  '65. 


William  Y.  Gladney,  dis.  March  12,  '63. 

Samuel  Godfrey,  March  24,  '65. 

Carl  Gremm. 

Richard  Groff,  died  March  29,  '63. 

John  Griffin,  April  5,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

Geo.  W.  Hard  wick,  April  3,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

Thomas  M.  Harrison,  dis.  June  28,  '65. 

James  Hayes,  April  3,  '65,  dis.  June  15,  '65. 

Fred.  Heii,  Oct.  7,  '64,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

Christian  Hesse,  Oct.  10,  '64,  dis.  July  15,  '66. 

William  H.  Henderson,  dis.  June  5,  '63. 

William  Herring,  died  May  20,  '64. 

William  H.  Hillman. 

John  Horen,  April  4,  '65. 

Samuel  M.  Horner,  dis.  July  1,  '65. 

Oscar  Hoffman,  April  6,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

Michael  Holden,  April  7,  '66,  dis.  July  15,  '65.      , 

Benjamin  Hood. 

Joseph  T.  Higginson,  dis.  Oct.  19,  '63. 

Theodore  Hughes,  April  3,  '66,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

Charles  D.  Husbands,  dis.  for  wounds  Oct.  13,  '63. 

Felix  Infelder,  Feb.  28,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

Joseph  Inman,  dis.  March  17,  '63. 

John  Jaggard,  dis.  July  10,  '65. 

James  Johnson,  April  3,  '65. 

Thomas  Joice,  April  4,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

Paul  Jones. 

Adam  Jordon. 

Charles  Keller,  April  4,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

John  Kerrigan,  April  5,  '65. 

Charles  Kinge,  April  6,  '65. 

Charles  Laman. 

John  H.  Lamar,  dis.  July  21,  '61. 

Lorenzo  S.  Land,  killed  in  action  June  3,  '64. 

Walter  Lindsay. 

Charles  E.  Madara. 

George  R.  Marter,  killed  in  action  May  3,  '63. 

Joseph  Marner. 

Donald  McDonald,  April  3,  '65,  dis.  July  16,  '66. 

Daniel  P.  McHenry. 

Henry  M.  Mcllvaine,  dis.  for  wounds  May  5, '64. 

Timothy  McMahon,  April  5,  '66. 

Bernard  McManus,  April  4,  '65. 

James  Mercer,  April  4,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

Thomas  R.  Middleton,  killed  in  action  July  2,  '63. 

Francis  Mills,  killed  in  action  May  3,  '64. 

Josiah  K.  Moore,  dis.  July  1,  '66. 

William  Murphy,  April  1,  '65,  dis.  July  5,  '65. 

John  O'Brien,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 

James  O'Connor,  Nov.  30,  '63,  dis.  July  16,  '65. 

John  O'Niel,  April  6,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '66. 

James  O'Niel,  April  6,  '65. 

Adolph  Olsen,  April  3,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

Richard  Palmer,  Aug.  12,  '64,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

Aaron  Parker.  . 


142 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


Nathan  Parker,  dis.  July  6,  '65. 

Edward  H.  Pancoast,  dis.  April  5,  '65. 

John  Perry,  April  4,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

Peter  L.  Perry,  Feb.  16,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

Joseph  Phalon,  April  7,  '65,  dis.  June  14,  '65. 

Richard  F.  Plum,  trans,  to  V.  E.  C. 

William  Potter,  April  4,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

Isaac  Randolph. 

Michael  Reynolds,  April  8,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

Walter  A.  Rink,  Aug.  31,  '64,  dis.  June  23,  '65. 

Henry  H.  Richmond,  died  Jan.  13,  '63. 

Richard  Roberson,  April  4,  '65. 

Martin  Roche,  April  5,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

John  Ross,  April  4,  '65,  dis.  June  28,  '65. 

Matthew  Russell,  April  5,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

James  Ryan. 

Joseph  Satterley,  April  3,  '65. 

Charles  Schaffer,  April  5,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

John  L.  Severns,  dis.  June  30,  '65. 

John  Shey,  April  5,  '65,  dis.  July  15,'  65. 

Robert  G.Sheppard,  died  April  13,  '63. 

William  B.  Skill, killed  in  action  July  3, '63. 

Frank  Smith,  Sept.  28,  '64,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

John  Smith,  Sept.  28,  '64,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

Joseph  H.  Smith,  dis.  Nov.  22,  '64. 

J.  William  Smith,  July  29,  '62,  dis.  March  19,  '64. 

Henry  Smith,  April  5,  '65. 

Nicholas  Smith,  April  8,  '65. 

John  J,  Sneden,  April  4,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

Samuel  E.  Somers,  died  Feb.  11,  '64,  of  wounds. 

George  H.  Snyder,  dis.  Feb.  7,  '63. 

James  Stanley. 

Jacob  C.  Stokes. 

Abram  J.  Stoll,  June  26,  '62,  dis.  July.  15,  '65. 

Jacob  R.  Stow,  died  April  13,  '68. 

William  H.  Tatem,  dis.  June  29,  '65. 

Robert  Thurston,  April  3,  '65. 

Joseph  J.  Thompson,  dis.  July  18,  '65. 

Morris  Tondrof. 

Charles  P.  Van  Hart,  dis.  June  28,  '65. 

Eli  Watson,  died  of  wounds  June  19,  '66. 

Joseph  Wanner. 

James  M.  Wilkins,  dis.  June  29,  '65. 

James  Williams, 'April  4,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

William  J.  Williams,  April  5,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

Charles  Wilson,  April  4,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

James  Wilson,  April  4,  '65,  dis.  July  15,  '65. 

COMPANY  I,  TWELFTH  REGIMENT   NEW  JEESEY 
VOLUNTEEKS. 

[This  Company  was  mustered  in  September  4,  1862,  and  mustered 
out  July  15,  1865,  unless  otherwise  stated.] 

Captains. 
Henry  F.  Chew,  pro.  maj.  July  2,  '64. 
Charles  P.  Brown,  Feb.  22,  '65  ;  dis.  June  4,  '66. 


First  Lieutenantn. 
Frank  M.  Acton,  pro.  capt.  Co.  F  Dec.  12,  '63. 
Edw.  M.  Dubois,  Apr.  25,  '64 ;  bvt.  capt.  July  6,  '64 
Charles  F.  Sickler,  Feb.  22,  '65 ;  dis.  June  4,  '65. 

Second  Lieutenants. 
Theodore  F.  Null,  disch.  April  1,  '64. 
Eli  K.  Ale,  Feb.  22,  '65 ;  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
Watson  P.  Tuttle,  Feb.  28,  '65. 

First  Sergeants. 
George  A.  Bo  wen,  pro.  1st  It.  Co.  C  Apr.  11,  '64. 
Matthew  Coombs,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
Isaac  N.  Morton,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 

Sergeants. 
Benjamin  S.  Wood,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
Robert  C.  White,  pro.  sergt.-maj.  Oct.  6,  '64. 
J.  Morgan  Barnes,  pro.  to  q.m.-sergt.  Jan.  1,  '65. 
Joseph  Dielkes,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
Preston  P.  Merrion,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
Louis  Warnecke,  Got.  5,  '64. 
John  J.  Shaw,  April,  3,  '65. 
George  Lucas,  Nov.  13,  '63. 
Thomas  S.  Champion,  disch.  June  16,  '65. 
George  P.  Ogden,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
George  R.  Burroughs,  died  June  23,  '64,  of  wounds. 
Asa  W.  Tash,  died  May  6,  '64, 
Charles  H.  Wilson,  June  9,  '64. 

Corporals. 
James  P.  Stanton,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
Theophilus  B.  Halter,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
Alexander  Brown,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
Samuel  Reall,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
William  Parsons,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
Lewis  McPherson,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
Firman  Lloyd,  Jr.,  disch.  June  80,  '65. 
William  R.  Williams,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
William  Renchler,  July  26,  '64. 
Ebenezer  Kennedy,  Aug.  17,  63. 
Daniel  McDevitt,  July  25,  '64. 
Theodore  Beyer,  Oct.  4,  '64 ;  disch.  July  18,  '65. 
Frederick  Ditraan,  Oct.  11,  '64. 
Isaac  Fox,  killed  in  action  June  17,  '64. 
Lewis  F.  Simms,  killed  in  action  May  3,  '63. 
Daniel  A.  Hancock,  died  May  22,  '64,  of  wounds. 
John  H.  Barklow,  died  July  16,  '64. 
Ale  S.  Kidd,  died  May  15,  '64,  of  wounds. 
Albert  S.  Wood,  died  Dec.  1,  '64. 
Edward  Bradway,  musician,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
Lewis  S.  K^mfer,  wagoner,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 

Privates. 
Henry  Ackley,  July  20,  '64. 

William  H.  Archer,  Feb.  23,  '65 ;  dis.  June  23,  '65. 
William  H.  Allen,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
J.  Anderson,  Oct.  14,  '64;  tr.  from  Co.  D,  11th  Regt. 
Joseph  A.  Ayers,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 


THE  WAK  FOR  THE  UNION. 


143 


Jacob  Adams,  died  May  24,  '64,  of  wounds. 
Henry  Barth,  Oct.  3,  '64. 
John  J.  Berry,  June  1,  '64. 
James  Bond,  Oct.  14,  '64. 
Edward  Brannen,  Sept.  6,  '64  ;  dis.  June  4,  '65. 
J.  C.BHU,  Apr.  7,  '65;  pro.  com.-sergt.  June  5,  '65. 
Christian  Brodbacker,  April  27,  '64. 
George  Brown,  April  4,  '65. 
Heury  Brown,  Feb.  22,  '65. 
William  Brown,  June  11,  '64. 
George  Budesheim.  Oct.  5,  '64. ' 
William  Burch,  Oct.  11,  '64. 
William  Bader,  Mar.  25,  '64;  disch.  Nov.  19, '64. 
Melchoir  Breitel,  disch.  Mar.  28,  '64. 
John  P.  Bennett,  trans,  to  U.  S.  Navy. 
Jacob  Biddle,  trans,  to  V.  E.  C. 
Gilbert  Bishop,  died  Feb.  3,  '64. 
Nicholas  Code,  Feb.  27,  '65. 
James  Connelly,  July  14,  '64  ;  disch.  May  22,  '65. 
Daniel  Cowell,  July  6,  '64. 
John  Champion,  disch.  Mar.  16,  '63. 
Clement  Colgan,  disch.  Dec.  31,  62. 
Christopher  Cooker,  disch.  Mar.  9,  '65. 
James  M.  Cook,  Jan.  26,  '65 ;  trans,  to  Co.  F. 
Jesse  D.  Crittafield,  July  14,  '64;  trans,  to  Co.  D. 
John  C.  Champion,  died  Oct.  11,  '63. 
William  J.  Clark,  died  Mar.  24,  '63. 
Charles  Davis,  Oct.  10,  '64. 
Samuel  Dickeson,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
Alexander  Ditzell,  July  18,  '64. 
Peter  Doyle,  July  26,  '64. 
Anton  Dyckoff,  Oct.  5,  '64. 

Claude  De  Erman,  July  18,  '64 ;  trans,  to  Co.  D. 
.  William  Dolby,  July  20,  '64;  trans,  to  Co.  D. 
August  Dugue,  July  15,  '64 ;  trans,  to  Co.  D. 
William  Daniels,  killed  in  action  May  3,  '63. 
David  Dickeson,  killed  in  action  May  6,  '64. 
John  W.  Dubois,  died  Sept.  22,  '62. 
John  Donahue,  Feb.  27,  '65. 
James  Donnelly,  July  3,  '65. 
John  Ell,  Aug.  17,  '64. 
Edward  B,.  Emmel,  disch.  Dec.  10,  '63. 
James  Edwards,  trans,  to  V.  E,  C. 
Edward  Ellis,  July  18,  '64 ;  trans,  to  Co.  D. 
Joseph  E.  EdwarJs,  killed  in  action  June  3,  '64. 
George  W.  Fenn,  July  18,  '64. 
Joseph  S.  Fithian,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
Philip  Flood,  June  16.  '64. 
Michael  Poster,  April  5,  '66. 
Charles  C.  Fithian,  disch.  Dec.  15,  '63. 
Eichard  V.  Fithian,  trans,  to  V,  E.  C. 
David  Fonseca,  April  4,  '65. 
George  W.  Goodwin,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 
Samuel  L.  Gregg,  June  13,  '64. 
Charles  Gootman,  Mar.  24,  '64";  trans,  to  V.  E.  C. 


Frank  E.  Gandy,  died  Mar.  19,  '63. 

John  Gerstle,  died  Mar.  13,  '63. 

Charles  Harr,  Sept.  9, '64;  disch.  June  4,  '65. 

George  Hammer,  April  5,  '65. 

William  T.  F.  Harewood,  July  25,  '64. 

James  Hart,  Aug.  10,.  '64. 

John  Haverstick,  disch.  June  5,  '65. 

George  Hedden,  Feb.  23,  '65 ;  disch.  July  15,  '65. 

James  Hemphill,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 

Paul  Herebschle,  Sept.  6,  '64;. disch.  June  4,  '65. 

John  J.  Hoffman,  disch.  July  15,  '65. 

Josiah  Holton,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 

James  Horner,  disch.  June  4,  '66. 

Ezra  Hutchins,  Feb.  23,  '65. 

Philip  Hickman,  trans,  to  V.  E.  C. 

George  W.  Homan,  trans,  to  V.  E.  C. 

Thomas  Jackson,  Aug.  13,  '64. 

Eichard  Jellinghaus,"Oct.  6,  '64. 

.James  M.  Jones,  disch.  Apr.  10,  '63. 

Joseph  L.  Jacobs,  trans,  to  V.  E.  C. 

George  W.  Jester,  trans,  to  V.  E.  C. 

Thomas  D.  Kane,  disch.  June  4,  '66. 

Emmett  M.  King,  disch.  June  4,  '66. 

George  Koff,  Apr.  5,  "66. 

Daniel  Krebs,  Apr.  6,  '66. 

Moyer  Kuhn,  Mar.  25,  '64;  disch.  Jan.  9,  '66. 

Patrick  Keegan,  Apr.  6,  '65. 

Ludwig  Lichtenfells,  July  13,  '64. 

Charles  Lollamand,  Oct.  6,  '64. 

Lemuel  D-  Loper,  died  May  3,  '63. 

Joseph  Lower,  Apr.  2,  '64. 

Ephraim  Mack,  Oct.  8,  '64. 

Joseph  F.  Martin,  July  15,  '64. 

James  McDonald,  July  30,  '64. 

Edward  McLaughlin,  Apr.  6,  '65. 

Henry  Merkell,  Apr.  4,  '65. 

Andrew  Merkert,  Oct.  4,  '64. 

Charles  Miller,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 

Albrecht  Mohr,  Oct.  11,  '64. 

Joseph  Murphy,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 

James  McAuliff,  disch.  Dec.  16,  '63. 

Charles  McNeer,  June  2,  '64 ;  disch.  May  2,  '65. 

John  P.  Miller,  disch.  Apr.  28,  '65. 

Samuel  Mattson,  killed  June  4,  '64. 

John  Miller,  died  June  22,  '64,  of  wounds. 

Michael  G.  Morton,  killed  June  3,  '64. 

Thomas  J.  Mattson. 

William  Munnion. 

John  W.  Niblick,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 

John  P.  Newkirk,  died  Apr.  10,  '64. 

Frederick  Pauli,  Apr.  7,  '65. 

John  Peterson,  July  16,  '64. 

James  Pierce,  trans,  to  V.  E.  C. 

Abraham  Pressman,  July  20,  '64;  trans,  to  Co.  H. 

James  Privet,  trans,  to  V.  E.  C. 


144 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Peter  Powell,  July  18,  '64;  died  Oct.  1,  '64. 

David  Eonan,  Oct.  4,  '64. 

Thomas  Ruth,  Oct.  4,  '64. 

.John  Richardson,  July  20,  '64;  disch.  Nov.  8,  '64. 

August  Rien,  Aug.  6,  '64. 

Benjamin  Sailor,  Aug.  1,  '64. 

George  Sailor,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 

Charles  Scheffler,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 

Frederick  Schmidt,  Oct.  5,  '64. 

John  Schneider,  Oct.  6,  '64. 

Augustus  Schogan,  July  9,  '62. 

George  Schoonover,  Feb.  25,  '66. 

Joseph  Shuss,  Oct.  4,  '64. 

John  Simeson,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 

William  Sloan,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 

James  Sullivan,  disch.  May  15,  '65. 

Francis  Sweeney,  June  14,  '64 ;  disch.  June  12,  '65. 

David  Simpkins,  disch.  Dec.  24,  '63. 

Peter  Sharp,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 

John  L.  Sharp,  died  Apr.  20,  '63. 

John  Smith,  Oct.  11,  '64 ;  died  Nov.  11,  '64,  wounds. 

John  Smith,  Oct.  11,  '64. 

William  Stone,  Apr.  6,  '65. 

Elijah  B.  Thomas,  died  June  4,  '65. 

Jacob  Trunck,  Feb.  28,  '65. 

Amos  Tompkins,  disch.  May  29,  '65. 

.James  Turner,  disch.  July  13,  '63. 

Jonathan  Timmerman,  died  Apr.  4,  '63. 

Robert  Ubbrell,  Sept.  17,  '64;  disch.  June  4,  '65. 

Adam  Urban,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 

John  Urban,  disch.  May  25,  '65. 

James  R.  Vannote,  Oct.  8,  '64. 

Benjamin  R.  Vincent,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 

Englebart  Weimer,  Sept.  1,  '64. 

John  Weimer,  July  30,  '64. 

Clement  C.  White,  disch.  June  4,  '65. 

John  White,  Sept.  1,  '64. 

John  Williams,  Oct.  8,  '64. 

Franz  Wirobisoh,  June  18,  '64. 

John  Wohlicher,  Oct.  6,  '64;  disch.  June  20,  '65. 

Joseph  Work,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 

James  B.  Wood,  died  Dec.  20,  '64. 

Joel  Wood,  killed  May  3,  '63. 

John  Winter,  June  16,  '64. 

Wm.  Youngblood,  July  27,  '64;  disch.  July  18,  '65. 

Lieutenant- Colonel  Henry  F.  Chew 
is  the  grandson  of  Jesse  and  Mary  Chew,  of 
Gloucester  County,  N.  J.,  and  the  son  of 
Joseph  R.  and  Maria  Chew,  of  Salem  County, 
ill  the  same  State.  He  was  born  in  the  town- 
ship of  Mannington,  Salem  County,  on  the 
8th  of  December,  1837,  and  educated  at  the 
Friends  schools  in   the  town  of  Salem,    after 


which  he  learned  the  trade  of  a  wheelwright 
under  his  father's  direction.  Thus  engaged 
at  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  in  1861,  he  enter- 
ed the  service  with  the  three  months'  soldiers 
as  lieutenant  in  the  Fourth  Regiment  New 
Jersey  Voluiiteers.  At  the  expiration  of  his 
time  of  service  he  became  captain  of  Com- 
pany I,  Ninth  Regiment  New  Jersey  Volun- 
teers, and  resigned  March  9, 1862,  on  account 
of  sickness. 

Re-entering  the  service,  he  was  made  captain 
of  Company  I,  Twelfth  Regiment  New 
Jersey   Volunteers,    and  received,    in   July, 

1864,  promotion  to  the  rank  of  major  of  the 
regiment.  In  March,  1865,  he  was  made 
lieutenant-colonel,  and  commanded  the  regi- 
ment from  August  25,  1864,  until  it  was 
mustered  out  of  service,  on  the  4th  of  June, 

1 865.  Colonel  Chew  participated  in  many  en- 
gagements, of  which  the  following  are  the  more 
important :  Roanoke  Island,  Chancellorsville, 
Gettysburg,  Falling  Waters,  Auburn  Mills, 
Bristow  Station,  Blackburn's  Ford,  Robinson's 
Tavern,  Mine  Run,  Morton's  Ford,  Wilder- 
ness (in  which  he  was  wounded),  Petersburg, 
Deep  Bottom,  Mine  Explosion,  north  bank 
of  James  River,  Ream's  Station,  Fort  Sedg- 
wick, Hatcher's  Run  (first  and  second),  Boyd- 
ton  Plank-Road,  Hatcher's  Run  (second  and 
third),  Dabney's  Mill,  Capture  of  Petersburg, 
Sailor's  Creek,  High  Bridge,  Farmville  and 
Lee's  Surrender.  On  retiring  from  the 
service  Colonel  Chew  began  the  study  ot 
dentistry,  and  in  the  fall  of  1867  engaged 
in  its  practice,  which  he  still  continues.  He 
was ,  in  1868,  married  to  Miss  Marietta, 
daughter  of  James  P.  and  Sarah  Fogg,  ot 
Salem,  N.  J.  Their  children  are  two 
daughters,  Helen  A.  and  Mary  R. 

Gettysburg  Monument. — The  monu- 
ment erected  on  the  battle-field  of  Gettysburg 
by  the  society  of  the  Twelfth  Regiment  wns 
dedicated  on  May  26,  1886,  on  which  occa- 
sion, among  other  exercises,  Comrade  Joseph 
Burroughs,  president  of  the  society,  gave  an 
interesting  sketch  of  its  workings  and   a  de- 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


145 


scription  of  the  monument  itself,  from  which 
the  following  acconnt  is  condensed  : 

"  In  the  summer  of  1882  a  few  of  our  comrades 
visited  this  historic  town  and  battle-field,  and 
learned  that  the  Gettj'sburg  Memorial  Association 
had  come  into  possession  of  much  of  the  ground 
occupied  by  the  lines  of  the  Union  army  in  the 
principal  engagements  on  the  2d  and  3d  of  July, 
1863,  and  observed  that  some  five  or  six  tablets  or 
monuments  had  been  placed  by  regiments  to  indi- 
cate the  positions  held  by  them,  as  well  as  to 
honor  their  dead  who  there  fell. 

"  At  the  next  annual  meeting  of  the  Reunion 
Society  of  the  Twelfth  Regiment  New  Jersey  Vol- 
unteers, held  at  Woodbury  February  22,  1883,  a 
committee,  consisting  of  Comrades  Joseph  Bur- 
roughs, Frank  M.  Acton  and  James  S.  Kiger,  was 
appointed  to  consider  the  expediency  and  cost  of 
erecting  a  tablet  or  monument  on  the  line  formerly 
occupied  by  the  regiment  at  the  battle  of  Gettys- 
burg. At  this  meeting  the  date  of  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Reunion  Society  was  changed  from 
February  22d  to  September  4th — the  latter  being 
the  date  of  our  muster  into  the  United  States  ser- 
vice— and  a  much  more  favorable  season  of  the 
year  for  the  purpose. 

"  At  the  annual  meeting  held  at  Woodstown 
September  4, 1883,  the  committee  reported  in  favor 
of  the  project  and  asked  for  instructions  as  to  the 
amount  that  the  Society  would  raise  and  expend 
in  the  work,  stated  that  the  prices  ranged  from  $10 . 
to  $1000. 

"  Nothing  was  done  at  this  meeting,  however, 
beyond  the  constituting  of  each  member  of  the 
Society  a  committee  of  one  to  solicit  subscriptions 
for  the  monument. 

'■  At  the  annual  meeting  held  at  Salem  Septem- 
ber 4,  1884,  much  enthusiasm  was  manifested  by 
the  comrades  present,  and  a  sufficient  amount  had 
been  subscribed  to  insure  the  success  of  the  enter- 
prise. 

"  The  next  step  in  the  matter  was  the  issuing  of 
a  circular  by  the  committee,  giving  the  object  and 
soliciting  of  the  remaining  comrades  who  had  not 
contributed.  This  was  responded  to  very  satisfac- 
torily, and  on  the  8th  of  March,  1885,  the  commit- 
tee met  and  ascertained  that  with  the  amount  of 
cash  in  hand  and  pledged,  a  monument  costing 
eight  hundred  dollars  could  be  erected.  A  design 
was  next  adopted  and  proposals  for  the  work  in- 
vited, and  on  the  19th  of  May,  1885,  a  contract 
was  entered  into  with  Mr.  Michael  Reilly,  of  Cam- 
den, N.  J.,  for  the  construction  and  erection  upon 
19 


this  spot  of  the  monument  for  the  dedication  of 
which  you  have  been  invited  here  at  this  time. 

'"The  work  was  finally  completed  in  the  autumn 
of  1885,  but  at  too  late  a  date  for  the  dedication  to 
take  place  that  year,  and  the  committee  decided 
upon  May  26,  1886. 

"  The  material  of  which  the  monument  is  con- 
structed is  Richmond  granite.  Although  not,  per- 
haps, the  moat  widely  known,  it  has  been  thor- 
oughly tested  by  the  United  States  government 
and  found  to  be  of  iine  grain,  dense,  impervious  to 
the  elements,  and  capable  of  sustaining  the  great- 
est weight.  It  is  being  used  in  the  construction  of 
the  building  to  be  occupied  by  the  State,  War  and 
Navy  Departments  at  Washington. 


THE    GETTYSBURG    MOXUMENT. 

"The  base  is  four  feet  eight  inches  square  and  two 
feet  high,  with  sides  rustic-dressed.  The  sub-base 
is  three  feet  eight  inches  square  and  eighteen  inches 
high,  fine  hammered,  and  lettered,  '  2d  Brig.  2d 
Div.  2d  Corps.' 

"  The  die  is  two  feet  eight  inches  square,  by  four 
feet  ten  inches  in  height,  polished  on  the  two  faces 
fronting  Round  Top  Avenue,  and  lettered  as  fol- 
lows : 

"  On  first  face— 

"  '  In  memory  of  the  men  of  the  Twelfth  Regi- 
ment New  Jersey  Infantry  Volunteers,  who  fell 
upon  this  field  July  2d  and  3d,  1863,  and  who  else- 
where died  under  the  flag,  this  monument  is  dedi- 


.^-- 


146 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


cated  by  their  surviving  comrades  as  an  example 
to  future  generations.' 

"  On  the  second  face — 

'"Buck  and  Ball,  Calibre  69.' 

" '  This  regiment  made  two  separate  charges  on 
the  Bliss  barn  and  captured  it.' 

"  The  letters  are  all  sunken,  to  prevent  abrasion 
and  the  vandalism  of  relic-hunters. 

"  The  capstone  is  three  feet  two  inches  square  by 
two  feet  high,  upon  each  face  of  which  has  been 
placed  the  badge  of  the  Second  Corps,  the  trefoil 
raised  and  polished. 

"  It  is  surmounted  by  a  pedestal,  upon  which  is  a 
representation  of  ihe  missile  so  effectively  used  by 
the  regiment  in  repelling  the  charge  of  the  enemy 
— ^buck  and  ball. 

"The  aggregate  height  of  the  monument  is 
twelve  feet  six  inches.  The  foundation  was  care- 
fully laid,  and  the  stone  has  been  set  in  the  most 
substantial,  careful  and  durable  manner." 

After  the  conclusion  of  Comrade  Bur- 
roughs' historical  sketch,  addresses  were  made 
by  Captain  F.  M.  Riley,  president  of  the 
association,  and  Colonel  W.  E.  Potter,  the 
latter  being  the  orator  of  the  day. 

Nine  Months  Troops. — New  Jersey 
sent  eleven  regiments  into  the  field  as  her 
response  to  the  call  of  President  Lincoln  on 
August  4,  1862,  for  three  hundred  thousand 
militia  to  serve  for  nine  months,  unless 
sooner  discharged.  They  were  numbered 
from  the  Twenty-first  to  the  Thirty-first, 
both  inclusive.  In  the  Twenty-fourth  Reg- 
iment, commanded  by  Colonel  Frank  L. 
Knight,  of  Camden,  were  three  companies — 
D,  E  and  I — which  were  raised  in  Camden 
County  by  voluntary  enlistment.  The  mus- 
ter-in took  place  at  Beverly,  September  16th, 
and  arriving  at  Washington,  October  1st, 
the  regiment  was  placed  in  the  provisional 
brigade  of  Casey's  division.  On  December 
9th  it  reached  the  Rappahannock  opposite 
Fredericksburg,  and  was  transferred  to  Kim- 
ball's brigade,  of  French's  division,  Second 
Army  Corps.  In  the  assault  of  the  13th, 
raw  troops  as  they  were,  they  advanced 
nearer  the  Confederate  defences  than  any 
other  command  except  the  Irish  regiments, 
and  lost  one  hundred  and  sixty   killed   and 


wounded  in  their  heroic  attack.  They  held 
their  ground  tenaciously  until  relieved,  but 
even  then  were  compelled  to  seek  refuge  in 
and  about  the  burning  buildings,  where,  pros- 
trate on  the  earth,  they  were  exposed  to  the 
shot  and  shell.  Company  D  lost  three 
killed  and  twelve  wounded  j  Company  E, 
two  killed  and  four  wounded;  Company  I, 
two  killed  and  sixteen  wounded.  Captain  Ward 
was  shot  through  the  lungs,  and  Captain 
Shinn  in  the  right  eye.  Lieutenant  JohnO. 
Crowell  was  wounded  in  the  arm,  but  con- 
tinued fighting  until  another  bullet  brought 
death  to  him. 

The  regiment  resumed  camp,  from  which 
it  did  not  depart  for  four  months.  On 
Thursday,  April  2,  1863,  copies  of  the 
"  Peace  Resolutions"  passed  by  the  New 
Jersey  Legislature  were  received  in  camp, 
and  the  men  held  a  mass-meeting  at  which 
they  were  indignantly  denounced.  On  May 
3d  it  was  under  fire  at  Chancellorsville, 
sutfering  a  loss  of  about  forty  in  killed, 
wounded  and  missing,  and  was  mustered 
out  at  Beverly,  June  29,  1863. 

The  rank  and  file  of  the  Camden  com- 
panies of  this  regiment  are  here  given  : 

COMPANY    D,    TWENTY-FOTJETH    REGIMENT    NEW 

JERSEY   VOLUNTEERS. 

[This  company  was  mustered  in  September  16, 1862,  and  mustered 

out  June  29,  1863,  unless  otherwise  stated.] 

Captain. 

Aaron  Ward,  dis.  May  31,  '63. 

First  Lieutenant. 
David  W.  Bartine, 
Second   lAeutenants. 
Geo.  D.  Britton,  resigned  April  13,  '63. 
Samuel  H.  Deal. 

Mrst  Sergeant. 
Franklin  T.  Horman. 
Sergeants. 
Cooper  Wiltsey.  John  Thornton. 

Joseph  D.  Bates.  George  H.  Lawson. 

John  H.  Smith. 
Corporals. 
Benjamin  Dilkes.  Samuel  E.  Clark. 

William  Carney.  Alphonso  T.  Chew. 

Nathan  E.  Hammond.     Samuel  H.  Morton.' 
Thomas  N.  Zimmerman.  Cornelius  H.  Strang.' 

•  Discharged  January  7,  1863. 
2  Died  December  22,  1862. 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


147 


John  Sinclair.  Richard  S.  Lutz,  mus. 

George  0.  Rohrberg.        Mathias  M.  Chew,  mus. 
Privates. 


James  C.  Abbott. 
William  Abbott. 
Theodore  Allen. 
John  C.  Atkinson. 
Hiram  D.  Beckett. 
Andrew  W.  Berry. 
John  Bischof. 
Jonathan  Brown. 
S.  Kennard  Bachelder. 
Abraham  Camp. 
William  H.  Carr. 
William  H.  Chew. 
Charles  H.  Clifford. 
Frederick  Den  elsbeck . 
Charles  F.  Dilks.^ 
Charles  H.  Davis.^ 
Henry  B.  Dickinson.' 
Dana  L.  Dunbar.* 
Charles  Errickson." 
William  H.  Fowler. 
Antonio  Fiebiger." 
Aaron  C.  Fowler.' 
Jacob  Giffins. 
William  Giffins. 
Adolph  Goetz. 
James  Guice. 
Charles  P.  Gunning. 
William  Haines. 
Thomas  R.  Hammond. 
Samuel  Haywood. 
Adolph  Heller. 
Benjamin  Hoffman. 
John  M.  Holston. 
Hiram  Hufsey. 
Martin  V.  Haines.* 
Jonathan  R.  Henry.' 


Abraham  Jones. 
Jonas  T.  Jackson.'" 
Jesse  King. 
Leonard  Knorr. 
Charles  W.  Leeary. 
Samuel  Leddon. 
Samuel  Lonstreth. 
John  Lee. 
William  Mason. 
Henry  Matchinskey. 
John  McCarty. 
Alexander  Murray. 
Daniel  Murphy." 
George  McClernan.'^ 
John  Prasch. 
John  W.  Peterson. 
George  Reckelcomb. 
John  Reckelcomb. 
Shepherd  Rossell. 
Ferdinand  Saxe. 
Abraham  L.  Sharf. 
Sylvester  Sharf. 
John  Simkins. 
John  Simpkins. 
George  Salzgaher.'' 
James  Stevenson." 
Benjamin  Turner. 
Isaac  Turner. 
James  Turner. 
Robert  W.  Turner.'^ 
John  R.  Walters. 
Uriah  Wilson. 
John  F.  Wolf. 
William  J.  Wolf. 
Theodore  F.  Worth.'^ 
Andrew  Welsh. 


'  Discharged  December  15,  1862. 
2  Died  March  16,  1863. 
'  Died  November  28,  1862. 

*  Died  December  13,  1862. 

'  Discharged  April  12,  1863. 

•  Discharged  March  24,  1863. 

'  Discharged  February  25,  1863. 

'  Discharged  June  5,  1863. 

»  Died  December  13,  1862. 

>»  Killed  in  action  December  13,  1862. 

«  Discharged  October  31,  1862. 

"2  Killed  in  action  December  13*  1862. 

13  Discharged  May  21,  1863. 

'♦  Discharged  April  8,  1863. 

15  Died  June  9,  1863. 

'6  Died  December  13,  1862. 


Jonas  Jackson  and.  George  McClellan,  of 
this  company,  were  killed  in  battle  December 
13, 1862,  and  Theodore  F.  Worth  is  reported 
as  having  died  on  the  same  day. 

COMPANY  E,     TWENTY-FOURTH     REGIMENT    NEW 

JERSEY  VOLUNTEERS. 

[This  company  was  mustered  in  September  16, 1862,  and  mustered 

out  June  29,  1863,  unless  otherwise  stated.] 

Captain. 

Augustus   Sailer. 

First   JAeutenant. 

Edward  C.  Cattell. 

Second  Lieutenant. 

Charles  W.  Wilkins. 

Mrst  Sergeants. 

Samuel  A.  Deal."  William  N.  Hewitt. 

Sergeants. 
George   W.    Bailey.  Henry  C.    England. 

Nathan  Paul.  Isaac  Cowgill. 

Corporals. 
W.  Thackara  Cozens.        John  B.  Simmons.'* 


Isaac  L.  Fowler. 
Robert  W.  Hughes. 
Clark  R.  Tomlin. 
Charles  W.  Clement. 
Benjamin  F.  Stetser. 


John  Sinclair." 
John  F.  Gaskill.2" 
Luke  Reeves. 
Charles  Farr.^' 
George  F.  Hannold,^" 


John  L.  Huff. 


Privates. 


Harrison  T.  Adams. 
William  E.  Atkinsoii. 
Charles  H.  Bacon. 
John  H.  Boody. 
John  L.  Baily.^* 
Enos  W.  Bates." 
Joseph  T.  Bates.^^ 
George  W.  Cattell. 
Edward  H.  Cooper. 
Hanson  S.  Cooper. 
Charles  Cowgill. 
Coleman  Curran. 
Thomas  P.  Casperson.^* 
George  Y.  Davis. 
Richard  D.  Davis. 
William  H.  Dilks. 
Andrew  Bisile. 


Arthur  P.  Ellis.^' 
John  Gallagher. 
Charles  G.  Garrison. 
William  Gold. 
Chester  Green. 
Daniel  S.  Groff. 
Edward  P.  Hall. 
John  W.  Hannold. 
Amariah  Hollis. 
Charles  Hood. 
James  H.  Hughes. 
William  C.  RuS."" 
John  H.  Ireland. 
John  L.  Jordan." 
Richard  Jones.™ 
Barclay  D.  Kelly. 
John  Keller. 


"Pro.  2d  lieut.  Co.  D  April  14,  '63. 


'8  Disch  Feb.  6,  '63. 
'9  Disch.  April  11,  '63. 
™Disoh.  Mar.  19,  '63. 
21  Died  Dec.  24,  62. 
2ZDiedDec.26, '62. 
23  Disch.  May  21,  '63. 


24  Disch.  March  3,  '( 

25  Died  March  9,  '63. 
2S  Disch.  March  18,  'C 

27  Died  Dec.  13,  '62. 

28  Died  Dec.  13, '62. 
2»  Disch  Jan.  7,  '63. 


'  Killed  in  action  Dec.  13,  '62. 


148 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Samuel  L.  P.  Murphy. 
Isaiah,  Magee.^ 
John  Mapes.^ 
Joseph  W.  Miller.' 
Benjamin  F.  Murray.* 
Frederick  P.  Neil. 
Lawrence  K.  Nuss. 
George  Owens. 
Samuel  Paul. 
William  Pettitt. 
Fithian  Parker.* 
J.  Alexander  Packer.^ 
William  Eambo. 
Henry  Ramsey. 
William  Randless. 
John  Reed. 

William  S.  Richardson. 
Edward  Russell. 
John  W.  Randless.' 
Jeremiah  J.  Snethen. 
David  H.  Sparks. 
Charles  W.  Stevens. 


William  D.  Sheets." 
William  C.  Sparks. 
Joseph  T.  String. 
Edward  Tallman. 
Eufus  0.  Thomson. 
William  L.  Thomson. 
Joseph  W.  Tomlin. 
John  W.  Tonkin. 
John  E.  Touser. 
William  T.  Turpin. 
William  B.  Tussey. 
Martin  H.  Tanner.' 
James  H.  Vanneman. 
Charles  S.  Warner. 
Charles  Weiley. 
Aaron  Wilkins. 
William  M.  Woollard. 
John  Wood. 
John  L.  Wood. 
George  W.  Warner.'" 
Joseph  C.  D.  Williams." 


William  Yerricks. 
The  names  of  those  of  this  company  who 
were  killed  are  Richard  Jones,  Alexander  J. 
Packer,  Joseph  C.  D.  Williams  and  Luke 
Reeves,  who  lost  their  lives  in  the  engage- 
ment at  Fredericksburg,  Virginia,  December 
13,  1862.  After  the  expiration  of  the  term  of 
service  most  of  the  survivors  re-enlisted  and 
joined  regiments  in  the  three  years  service. 

COMPANY    I,    TWENTY-FOURTH      REGIMENT     NEW 

JERSEY  VOLUNTEERS. 

[This  company  was  mustered  in  September  16,  1862,  and  mustered 

out  June  29, 1863,  unless  otherwise  stated.] 

Captain. 
William  C.  Shinn. 
First  Lieutenants. 
John  0.  Crowell,'^  James  L.  Woodward.^' 

Second  Lieutenant 
Henry  S.  Spaulding.^' 

First  Sergeant. 
Charles  F.  Fackler. 


Chas  H.  Shinn,  Jr.  Joseph  D.  Wilson. 

Wm.  W.  Eisele.  Thomas  Law. 

Emanuel  M.  Kirk. 


1  Disch.  Jan.  19,  '63. 
''Disoh.  Mar.  26,  '63. 
3  Diaeh.  Feb.  23,  '63. 
■'Disch.  Jan.  14,  '63. 
6  Died  Dee.  13,  '62. 
sKill^d  Deo.  13,  '62. 


'Disch.  Mar.  17,  '63. 

s  Disch.  Feb.  5,  '63. 

SDisch.  Mar.  3,  '63. 
'»  Disch.  Dec.  14,  '62. 
11  Killed  Dee.  13,  '62. 
"  Killed  Dee.  13,  '62. 


Robert  C.  Parvin, 
Chas.  H.  McAnney. 
Ransome  Shoemaker. 
George  J.  Broadwater. 
Nathaniel  0.  Gandy. 

John  W.  Adams. 
Levi  H.  Atkinson. 
Isaac  Collins  Baker. 
Miles  Bates. 
Samuel  A.  Bates. 
Harvey  Beach. 
John  L.  Beckett. 
Henderson  S.  Biggs. 
James  Biggs. 
Henry  Brill. 
John  H.  Brockington. 
John  R.  Burroughs." 
Joseph  H.  Button." 
Howard  Beebe.'*' 
William  Chew,  Jr. 
Ambrose  P.  Clark. 
Adrian  Clunn. 
Joseph  C.  Comer. 
George  Conly. 
Eli  Craig. 
George  Clark. 
Lawrence  E.  Cake." 
Wm.  H.  Chamberlain.™ 
Nathan  Comer. 
Robert  Dean. 
John  W.  Downs. 
Lamar  M.  Daniels.''' 
Nicholas  S.  Derringer.''* 
Abram  C.  Dilks. 
John  Fetters. 
John  Alexander  Fish. 
Wm.  Fowler. 
Jacob  T.  Fish.'"' 
Wm.  L.  Galbraith. 
John  Garrett. 
Thomas  Gibbs. 
Henry  Goldenberg. 


Corporals. 

Edward  L.  Crowell. 
Joseph  H.  McAnney." 
James  McClernand.'^ 
Daniel  Williams,  mus. 
Daniel  Osborne,  mus. 

Privates. 

John  George  Grammel. 
Wm.  E.  Hagerman,  Jr. 
Joseph  D.  Hendriokson. 
Henry  H.  Hughes. 
Wm.  Sagers. 
Isaac  P.  Johnson. 
James  C.  Jones. 
Conrad  Krautz. 
Samuel  Lindsay. 
Richard  B.  Lippincott. 
Levi  B.  Marshall. 
John  Marshall. 
Charles  Miller. 
Paulen  Nelson. 
Oliver  Ogden.  ^* 
Joshua  P.  Parker. 
Lewman  H.  Parkhurst. 
John  M.  Plum. 
George  Parks.® 
Wm.  B.  Parks.''" 
Elijah  Porch." 
John  Ridge  way, 
David  Rile. 

Ephraim  C.  Richmond.^* 
George  C.  Saul. 
John  W.  Saul. 
Charles  Scott. 
Peter  S.  Shivers. 
Israel  Stiles. 
George  J.  Stewart. 
Christian  L.  Sharp.'-" 
Thomas  E.  Sharp.™ 
Philip  G.  Simpkins."' 
Elvy  Simpkins.'* 
Levi  B.  Tice. 
Samuel  S.  Tomlinson. 
Charles  Trapper. 


1'  Mustered  in  Jan.  15,  '63. 


"Disch.  March  23,  '63. 

WDied  May  3, '63. 

16 Pro.  q.  m.-sergt.  Sept.  20,'62. 

"Disch.  Feb.  25,  '63. 

18  Died  Dec.  13,  '62. 

19 Killed  in  action  Dec.  13,  '62. 

^  Died  April  19,  '63. 

"1  Died  April  18,  '63. 

"2  Died  Dec.  16,  '62. 

23  Disch.  Jan.  29, '63. 


"*  Disch.  Feb.  4, '63. 
"5  Disch.  Dec.  31,  '62. 
"6  Disch.  March  16,  '63. 
"Disch.  Jan.  4,  '63. 
"8  Disch.  May  4,  '63. 
29  Disch.  Feb.  25, '63. 
3»  Disch.  Feb.  16,  '63. 
3'  Disch.  March  1,  '68. 
'"Died  March  18,  '63. 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


149 


Charles  E.  Tule.  Samuel  P.  Wescoat. 

Isaac  T.  Vanneman.  Eli  Wilson. 

John  F.  Walker.  Joseph  R.  Wescoat.' 
Jacob  Weiss. 

Of  this  company,  First  Lieutenant  John  O. 
Crowell  and  Private  Lawrence  E.  Cake  were 
killed  in  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  De- 
cember 13,  1862. 

Company  H,  Twenty-eighth  Regi- 
ment.— The  only  other  organization  of  nine 
months  troops  from  Camden  County  was 
Company  H,  of  the  Twenty-eighth  Regiment, 
which  was  mustered  in  September  22,  1862, 
and  left  Freehold  October  2d  for  Washing- 
ton. It  was  brigaded  with  the  Twenty-fourth 
Regiment,  and  had  about  the  same  experience 
as  that  command  at  the  battle  of  Fredericks- 
burg. Its  killed  were  fourteen ;  wounded, 
one  hundred  and  forty-seven  ;  and  missing, 
twenty-nine.  After  its  participation  in  the 
battle  of  Chancellorsville  it  was  marched 
back  to  camp  at  Falmouth,  and  on  July  6 
1863,  was  mustered  out. 

COMPANY    H,    TWENTY-EIGHTH    REGIMENT    NEW 

JERSEY  VOLUNTEERS. 

[Thia  company  was  mustered  in  September  22,  1862,  and  mustered 

out  July  6,  1863,  unless  otherwise  stated.] 

Captain. 
Manly  S.  Peacock.'' 

First  Lieutenant. 
Benjamin  C.  Rulon. 
Second  lAeutenant. 
John  T.  Smith. 
First  Sergeant. 
Charles  H.  Rogers. 
Sergeants. 
John  Cleavenger.  William  C.  Fees. 

John  W.  Moore.  Thomas  E.  Clarke.' 

Richard  Richards.  David  H.  Westcoat.* 

Corporah. 
Cornelius  C.  Pease.  Henry  Day. 

Josiah  E.  Giberson.  Joseph  S.  Pike. 

Robert  Smith.  George  W.  Bittle. 

James  H.  Townsend.       James  Sinclair.* 
William  H.  Agins. 

iDlsch.  Mareh21, '63. 

2  Resigned  March  25,  1863. 

'  Discharged  January  10,  1863. 

*  Died  March  11,  1863. 

5  Died  January  10,  1863. 


Musicians- 

Richarfl  E.  Elwell.  William  B.  Dilks. 

Wagoner. 

Edward  M.  Kellum. 

Privates. 

Christian  Apple.  Joshua  J.  Livzey. 

John  Bates.  Franklin  E.  Lloyd. 

Henry  C.  Beebe.  William  Leslie." 

William  Bennett.  Thomas  Macann. 

George  Brill.  William  Marshall. 

Joseph  Buzby.  Henry  McCully. 

Richard  Buzby.  Samuel  L.  Miller. 

Isaac  Bosure.^  John  L.  Morey.'" 

David  Bates.'  David  Newman. 

Joseph  Cane.  David  H.  Nichols. 

William  P.  Carr.  James  Parker. 

David  L.  Carter.  Samuel  H.  Parker. 

James  L.  Casto.  John  E.  Pike. 

Thomas  E.  Combes.  Joseph  J.  Pike. 

Alexander  Cooke.  Henry  Parker. 

Charles  Clements.*  James  Ripley. 

Edward  Dixon.  John  D.  Rodgers. 

Thomas  L.  Dixon.  William  B.  Ross. 

William  Dolan.  William  Robinson.'' 

John  W.  Darnell."  Benjamin  S.  Ross." 

William  W.  Dill.'"  Richard  Seely. 

Louis  Engard.  George  Shaw. 

Andrew  Elberson."  John  Sinclair,  Jr. 

George  Fish.  Charles  Seymour." 

Charles  J.  Fees.'"  Benjamin  Simpkins."^ 

Charles  Fowler.""  Samuel  Simpkins.'^" 

David  Ford.'*  John  W.  Surran." 

Jacob  D.  Hawk.  George  Thompson. 

Benjamin  Hinchman.  Charles  Van  Lear. 

Benjamin  W.  Hughes.  William  Webb. 

Joseph  F.  Hughes.  Thomas  West. 

Benjamin  H.  Hughes.'*  David  D.  Winner. 

William  G.  Iredell.'"  Cooper  J.  Watson.^* 

Charles  Johnson.  Joseph  Williams.'* 

David  Ford  is  the  only  soldier  reported  as 
being  killed  from  this  company.  He  lost  his 
life  in  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  Va., 
December  13,  1862. 

6  Dis.  March  24,  1863.  "  Discharged  April  1,  1863. 

'  Died  Deo.  13,  1862.  '«  Died  December  6,  1862. 

s  Dis.  April  1,  1863.  '«  Discharged  Feb.  10,  1863. 

9  Dis.  April  4,  1863.  ™  Discharged  Jan.  26, 1863. 

'»  Dis.  April  16,  1863.  ''  Discharged  Feb.  11, 1864. 

"  Died  Dec.  18,  1862.  ^''  Discharged  April  1,  1863. 

'2  Dis.  May  10,  1863.  *'  Discharged  April  9,  1863. 

'3  Dis.  April  14,  1863.  **  Discharged  April  1,  1863. 

"  Killed  Dec.  13,  1862.  '*  Dis.  March  24,  1863. 

w  Died  Jan.  19,  1863.  ^  Discharged  May  23, 1863. 
18  Died  March  9,  1868. 


160 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


EMEEaBNCY    Companies.  —  When    Lee 
invaded  Pennsylvania  in  June,  1863,  Gov- 
ernor Curtin,  of  that  State,  appealed  to  the 
other    loyal    States    for    assistance,    and    on 
June    17th    the  Governor   of    New   Jersey 
called  for  volunteers  for  thirty  days  to  aid  in 
repelling  the  enemy.     James  M.  Scovel  at 
once  recruited  an  independent  company  in 
Camden,   which  was  mustered  in  on    June 
19th.     It  left  for  Harrisburg  the  same  day 
and    was  assigned    to  duty  under    General 
Couch.       At    the   end    of    the   thirty  days 
service  the  company  was  returned  to  Trenton 
for  discharge.     Its  roster  was  as  subjoined  : 
Captain. 
James  M.  Scovel. 
First  Lieutenant. 
Timothy  C.  Moore. 
Second  Lieutenant. 
George  Holl. 
First  Sergeant. 
James  Lane. 
Sergeants. 
Jas.  V.  Gibson.  Ernest  Troth. 

George  E.  Webb.  Erancis  C.  Vanhorn. 

Corporals. 
Joseph  JVI.  Cooper.  Sylvester  Birdsell. 

P.  J.  Murray.  Benj.  Wright. 

Lawrence  Breyer.  John  Capewell. 

Wm.  Wible.  Henry  Smith. 

Privates. 

Joseph  Bates.  John  Kline. 

Anthony  Bernard.  Wm.  Mahoney. 

Henry  Breyer.  James  McCormick. 

Wm.  Bundick.  Peter  Quin. 

Joseph  Burton.  Mich.   Leibinlitz. 

Simpson  Campbell.  Enoch  Shootz. 

John  Decker.  John  Smith. 

Wm.  Dorman.  James  Snowe. 

Geo.  Dosinger.  David  Sparks. 

John  Dovey.  Isaac  H.  Stowe. 

Thos.  Dovey.  Geo.  Tenner. 

John  Fenner.  Benj.  Todd. 

Henry  Figley.  Benj.  Tyre. 

Edw.  Gitfbrd.  Geo.  Ward. 

Henry  Gilbert.  James  Wilson. 

John  Guyant.  William  Wilson. 

Frank  Hewett.  David  Wood. 

John  Hill.  Frederick  Wood. 

Wm.  C.  Kaighn.  Henry  Belisle. 

H.  Kelly.  John  Campbell. 


John  Coats.  John  McGuin. 

Josiah  Davis.  Josiah  Mead. 

David  W.  Hutton.  David  D.  Middleton. 

Henry  Ivins.  John  Sletzer. 

Maryland  Emeegency  Men. — In  the 
early  part  of  July,  1864,  Washington  and 
Baltimore  were  endangered  by  an  invasion 
of  the  enemy.  A  battle  had  been  fought 
within  a  few  miles  of  Baltimore,  and  com- 
munication with  Washington  interrupted. 
In  view  of  this  emergency,  Governor  Parker, 
of  New  Jersey,  issued  a  proclamation  dated 
Trenton,  July  12,  1864,  calling  for  the  or- 
ganization of  the  militia  for  thirty  days  ser- 
vice in  Pennsylvania,  Maryland  and  the 
District  of  Columbia.  Under  the  call  the 
company  from  Camden  reported  for  duty, 
was  accepted,  and  mustered  in  at  Camden, 
N.  J.,  July  14,  1864,  for  thirty  days.  It 
left  the  State,  July  15th,  for  Baltimore,  and 
on  arrival  reported  to  Major-General  Lew 
Wallace,  commanding  the  Middle  Depart- 
ment. It  was  stationed  at  the  Relay  House, 
near  Baltiniore,  and  was  attached  to  the 
First  Separate  Brigade,  Eighth  Army  Corps. 
Upon  expiration  of  term  of  service  it  re- 
turned to  New  Jersey  and  was  mustered  out 
at  Camden,  August  15,  1864.  It  was  known 
as  Company  A,  First  New  Jersey  Militia, 
and  this  was  its  membership  : 

COMPANY  A. 

Captain. 
Richard  H.  Lee. 

First  Lieutenant. 
William  C.  Shiun. 

Second  Lieutenant. 
Charles  F.  Kain. 

First  Sergeant. 
Charles  T.  Stratton. 


Samuel  H.  Elder. 
Robert  T.  Wood. 

Eugene  Troth. 
John  Guyant. 
Charles  F.  Tackier 
William  Avis. 


Sergeants. 

Samuel  W.  Caldwell. 
Samuel  Hufty. 

Coporah. 

Warren  H.  Somers. 
Edward  S.  Stratton. 
Edward  C.  Shinn. 
Henry  H.  Wilson. 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


151 


Charles  Page.  Edwin  Wallace. 

Privates. 
Savillion  W.  L.  Archer.  John  Hollis. 

Townsend  Atkinson.  Wm.  L.  Hozey. 

Martin  V.  Bergen.  John  Hughes. 

Thoma-s  Bleyler.  Thomas  S.  Hunter. 

Isaac  A.  Braddock.  Alfred  Husback. 

Benj.  M.  Braker.  Wm.  N.  Jackson. 

Samuel  Brown.  Wm.  Jenkins. 

William  Brenning.  Richard  M.  Johnson. 

Edward  Burrough.  Isaac  Jorden. 

John  E.  Burrough.  Ephraim  Kemble. 

Joseph  Cameron.  Aaron  W.  Knight. 

Paul  Casey.  Wm.  W.  Margerum. 

George  W.  Cheeseman.  Ephraim  T.  Mead. 

Williani  Clark.  David  D.  Middleton. 

John  Coats.  Enoch  A.  Mitchell. 

Charles  K.  Coles.  Samuel  C.  Mitchell. 
John  K.  Cowperthwaite.  David  Morgan. 

Josiah  Davis.  John  Powell. 

Samuel  W.  Dilks.  Walter  A.  Rink. 

Charles  Drew.  Henry  Sandman. 

Aaron  B.  Eacritt.  James  M.  Scovel. 

Benjamin  Elberson.  Harry  Settey. 

Aaron  Ellis.  Isaac  Shreeves. 

James  Emley.  Isaac  A.  Shute. 

Hiram  A.  Fairchild.  Charles  Sparshott. 

Jacob  Fetters.  Edward  Sparshott. 

John  H.  Fine.  Charles  R.  Stockton. 

Simpson  Force.  James  W.  String. 

Henry  H.  Fox.  Charles  C.  Stutzer. 

Alfred  French.  Richard  C.  Thompson. 

Samuel  T.  Fulweiler.  James  F.  Tomlin. 

Robert  Giberson.  Garrett  A.  Tompkins. 

Wm.  Z.  Gibson.  Azohel  R.  Vanleer. 

John  Grant.  Edward  S.  Westcott. 

John  Hallowell.  Albert  Whippey. 

Stacy  W.  Hazleton.  George  L.  White. 

Frank  Hewitt.  Samuel  Winner. 

Wm.  Holland.  Norton  Woodruff. 

Thirty-fourth  Regiment. — This  regi- 
ment, of  which  Company  A,  of  Camden 
County,  was  a  part,  was  raised  during  the 
summer  and  autumn  of  1863,  and  was  mus- 
tered in  for  three  years  at  Trenton  in  October. 
Its  lieutenant -colonel  was  Timothy  C. 
Moore,  of  Camden,  who  became  colonel  in 
October,  1865.  On'  November  16,  1863, 
the  regiment  left  Trenton  and  was  sent  to 
Eastport,  Miss.,  and  thence  to  Union  City, 
Tenn.     On  January  21,  1864,  it  was  con- 


stituted the  garrison  of  Columbus,  Ky.,  and 
when  summoned  by  General  Buford  to  sur- 
render. Colonel  Lawrence  gave  a  defiant  an- 
s.wer  and  repuLsed  him  after  a  skirmish  of 
some  hours' duration.  In  December,  1864,  it 
was  ordered  to  the  Sixteenth  Corps,  and  on 
April  8th  and  9th  took  part  in  the  assault 
and  capture  of  the  defenses  of  Mobile.  This 
regiment  remained  in  the  service,  doing  pro- 
vost duty  in  Alabama,  until  April  10,  1866, 
when  it  was  mustered  out.  It  had  the  honor 
of  being  the  last  regiment  from  Neiv  Jersey  to 
leave  the  service  of  the  United  States.  It  took 
part  in  the  following -named  engagements: 
Columbus,  Ky.,  April  13,  1864  ;  Hickman, 
Ky.,June  10,  1864;  Mayfield,Ky.,  Septem- 
ber 1,  1864  ;  Paris  Landing,  Ky.,  October 
31,  1864;  Nashville,  December  27,  1864; 
Fort  Hugar,  Mobile,  April  2,  1865  ;  Spanish 
Fort,  Mobile,  April  3-4,  1865;  and  Fort 
Blakeley,  Mobile,  April  5-9,  1865.  This 
regiment,  though  called  into  active  service 
late  in  its  history,  never  failed  to  do  its  entire 
duty.  The  following  js  the  roster  of  the 
Camden  County  company : 

COMPANY    A,    THIRTY-FOUBTH      REGIMENT    NEW 

JERSEY    VOLUNTEERS. 

[This  company  waa  mustered  in  September  3,   1863,  and   mustered 

out  April  30,  1866,  unless  otherwise  stated.] 

Captains. 
Edmund  G.  Jackson,  dis.  Sept.  3,  '62. 
Elisha  V.  Glover,  Jr.,  May  15,  '64. 
First  Lieutenants. 
Wm.  Stanley,  June  22,  '64 ;  pro.  capt.  Co.  H  Jan. 

8,  '65. 
John  Schwartz,  April  20,  '65. 

Second  Lieutenants. 
Richard  J.  Moore,  res.  June  21,  '64. 
James  M.  Cogans,  July  22,  '64;  dis.  May  15,  '65. 

First  Sergeants. 
Joseph  H.  Compton,  pro.  2d  lieut.  Co.  G  Oct.  2,  '64. 

Daniel  Epstein. 

Sergeants. 
Jacob  Geiger. 
Henry  McCoy. 
Joseph  Crockford. 
J.  E.  Hoffman,  Nov.  9,  '63. 
Peter  Karge,  dis.  March  9,  '66. 
John  Laughlin,  dis.  June  13,  '65. 
J.  S.  Hyland,  July  7,  '64;  trans,  to  Co.  G. 


152 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


GorporaU. 
C.  J.  B.  Benson.  Sept.  8,   64 ;  dis.  June  6,  '65. 
Joseph  Moore,  June  18,  '64. 
C.  Manuel,  Nov.  9,  '63;  dis.  Jan.  6,  '66. 
W.  T.  G.  Young,  Feb.  21,  '65 ;  dis.  Feb.  20,  '66.  ■ 
Wm.  Cogan,  March  27,  '66  ;  dis.  March  26,  '66. 
Thos.  Johnston,  March  27,  '65 ;  dis.  March  26,  '66. 
Peter  Groh. 

Hyronimus  Terring,  Nov.  9,  '63. 
Stephen  Bailey,  died  Sept.  18,  '64. 
Randolph    Hampton,  killed  in  action  April  9,  '65. 
Charles  Smith. 
Josiah  Hickman,  musician. 
Geo.  H.  Pullen,  musician. 
Benjamin  D.  Colkitt,  wagoner. 
Charles  Brister,  colored  cook,  Nov.  9,  '63. 
Charles  Coward,  colored  cook,  Nov.  9,  '63. 

Privates. 
Andrew  Armington,  Feb.  25,  '65  ;  dis.  Feb.  24,  '66. 
Charles  Adams,  Nov.  9,  '63. 
John  Allen. 

JohnG.  Allen,  July  24,  '64. 
William  Anderson. 
William  Andrews. 
Henry  Armstrong,  Nov.  9,  '63. 
John  Earth,  June  24,  '64;  dis.  June  19,  '65. 
Wm.  Becker. 

Wm.  Behan,  March  25,  '65 ;  dis.  March  24,  '66. 
George  Bowers,  Nov.  9,  '63. 
Robert  M.  Brown. 
John  Bruden. 

John  C.  Bryant,  April  19,  '64  ;  trans,  to  Co.  E. 
Joseph  Bozarth,  died  Sept.  1,  '65. 
Wm.  Badger. 
Francis  Baldwin. 
Wm.  Barger,  June  3,  '64. 
Thomas  Banfield,  June  23,  '64. 
William  Berger. 
James  Black. 
James  Brady,  Feb.  4,  '65. 
Patrick  Brady,  July  5,  '64. 
James  Branen. 
William  Brown. 
Wm.  Brown,  Jan.  18,  '65. 
Thomas  Burke. 
Patrick  Burns. 
John  Barber,  Oct.  11,  '64. 
David  Cowman. 
Wm.  Challis. 

Charles  Chamberlain,  must,  out  July  22,  '65. 
John  Collins,  Feb.  25,  '65 ;  must,  out  Feb.  24,  '66. 
Israel  M.  Grain. 

Wm.  H.  Clark,  Aug.  2,  '64 ;  trans,  to  Co.  F. 
Charles  Clemens,  died  July  8,  '65. 
John  Cassidy,  Nov.  9,  '63. 


Louis  Courto. 

John  K.  Cowperthwaite,  Feb.  21,  '66. 

Jesse  Dayre,  trans,  to  69th  Pa.  Regt. 

Edward  Deichman,  Nov.  9,  '63  ;  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 

Edward  Dougherty,  Feb.  9,  '65 ;  trans,  to  Co.  K. 

Reading  Davis,  Dec.  23,  '64 ;  died  April  20,  '65. 

Charles  Dougherty,  drowned  Sept.  2,  '64. 

Patrick  Daily,  Feb.  4,  '66. 

William  Davis. 

William  Davis,  Oct.  11,  '64. 

Adolph  Deneler,  June  24,  '64. 

Albert  Deurschnable,  Nov.  9,  '63. 

Thomas  Doogery,  Sept.  13,  '64. 

John  H.  Dresman. 

Charles  Duffy. 

John  Duify. 

George  Dunning,  April  16,  '64. 

Charles  Eck,  April  6,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  B. 

Charles  Edwards,  June  1,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  B. 

Frank  Engle,  Nov.  9,  '68,  trans,  to  19th  Pa.  Cav. 

Harry  Emerick,  Nov.  9,  '63. 

Charles  Everhard,  Nov.  9,  '63. 

Killian  Fendrick,  Sept.  6,  '64,  disch.  Aug.  5,  '65. 

Edward  Fuller,  March  29, '66,  disch.  March  28,'66. 

Ohas.  F.  Fackler,  Sept.  6,  '64,  disch.  Oct.  7,  '64. 

Fred.  Fulmer,  Nov.  9,  '63,  died  Sept.  5,  '65. 

Samuel  G.  Fox. 

Charles  Frederick,  Nov.  9,  '63. 

Louis  Frotcher,  Nov.  9,  '63. 

Wm.  Gardner,  Oct.  4,  '64,  disch.  Nov.  20,  '65. 

Thos.  Giblin,  April  6,  '65,  disch.  April  5,  '66. 

Wm.  Gould,  disch.  Nov.  20,  '65. 

Daniel  Green. 

Charles  G.Green,  disch.  June  10,  '65. 

James  Green,  Nov.  9,  '63,  died  April  20,  '66. 

Joseph  H.  Girven,  died  August  7,  '64. 

Jacob  Gallagher. 

Albert  J.  Green,  April  29,  '64. 

John  Grim,  June  8,  '64. 

James  Headley. 

Thos.  Herbert. 

Valentine  Hoffman,  April  10,  '65,  dis.  April  9,  '66. 

William  Hooper. 

O.  F.  Howell,  March  23,  '65,  disch.  March  22,  '66. 

John  Hoy,  March  16,  '65,  disch.  August  9,  '66. 

John  R.  Hull,  March  11,  '65,  disch.  March  10,  '66. 

John  Hunter,  Sept.  3,  '64,  disch.  June  6,  '66. 

Thomas  Headley,  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Charles  Hooper,  disch.  April  23,  '66. 

Benjamin  Hackney,  Feb.  21,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  H. 

Wm.  Harrison,  July  14,  '64,  Vans,  to  Co.  F. 

Thomas  Healey,  Feb.  20,  '66,  trans,  to  Co.  E. 

Isaiah  Horton,  Feb.  21,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  H. 

John  Heerlein,  April  13,  '65,  died  Aug.  6,  '65. 

Charles  Hoffman,  Nov.  9,  '63,  died  Aug.  9,  '66. 


THE  WAE  FOR  THE  UNION 


153 


E.  B.  Holding,  June  14,  '64,  died  Feb.  4,  '65. 
Henry  Hopkins,  Nov.  9,  '63. 
Joseph  Ireland,  Feb.  21,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  H. 
Napoleon  Jules,  April  8,  '65,  disch.  April  7,  '66. 
Wm.  B.  Jamea,  April  5,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  B. 
Peter  Johnson,  March  28,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  B. 
Jerome  Judd,  Sept.  12,  '64,  trans  to  Co.  G. 
Henry  Jackson. 
Francis  Jones. 
Robert  Keller,  Nov.  9,  '63. 
William  Kelly. 

A.  G.  Kirchner,  April  1,  '65,  disch.  Oct.  28,  '65. 
Ephraim  Kram. 
Richard  Kripps,  Nov.  9,  '63. 
Godfield  Kuhn,  disch.  July'  12,  '65. 
Luther  Kennedy,  trans  to  V.  E.  C. 
Charles  Kuhn,  trans,  to  pro.  marshal. 
John  H.  Keating,  March  6,  '65. 
John  W.Kimball. 
John  Kirchner.  June  28,  '64. 
Edward  King,  April  16,  '64. 
John  Luddy,  April  10,  '65,  disch.  April  7,  '66. 
George  Linn,  Nov.  9,  '63,  disch.  May  5,  '64. 
Wm.  Long,  Jan.  17,  '64,  disch.  Sept.  30,  '64. 
Joho  H.  Ladham,  March  8,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  F. 
Charles  Landelt,  April  10,  '65,  died  July  21,  '65, 
Albert  Lee. 

John  Lafertv,  Nov.  9,  '63. 
Robert  M.  Long. 
William  Mathew.s,  June  10,  '64. 
.John  McDonald,  Sept.  20,  '64,  dis.  June  6,  '65. 
Peter  McGinley. 

Peter  Mclntyre,  dis.  June  17,  '65. 
John  Messner,  April  13,  '65,  dis.  Oct.  28,  '65. 
Philip  Midas. 

Charles  G.  Moore,  dis.  Aug.  18,  '65. 
Patrick  McGentry,  Sept.  16,  '64,  dis.  Oct.  2,  '64. 
Michael  Monahan,  Sept.  12,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  G. 
Samuel  McConnell,  July  20,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  F. 
Francis  P.  Marsh,  died  May  23,  '65. 
John  Miller,  Nov.  9,  '63,  dis.  Aug.  16,  '65. 
Louis  Miller,  drowned  May  19,  '64. 
Richard  Mansfield. 
William  Martin,  Feb.  3,  '65. 
John  Mathews,  Jan.  10,  '65. 
Frederick  Metz,  June  17,  '64. 
William  McGill,  Nov.  9,  '63. 
Francis  McGinley. 
Michael  Moran. 
Thomas  Moran. 
James  Murphy,  Nov.  9,  '63. 
Thomas  Murphy. 
John  L.  Myres. 
James  McCarty,  May  20,  '64. 
Joseph  S.  Naylor. 
20 


Peter  F.  Nichols,  Dec.  28,  '64,  dis.  Feb.  2,  '66. 

Patrick  Noonan,  June  14,  '64,  dis.  Oct.  24, '65. 

William  O'Brien,  Feb.  8,  '66. 

John  O'Connor,  March  21,  '65. 

Theodore  W.  Price,  died  Aug.  4,  '64. 

John  Owens. 

August  Ramus,  April  8,  '65,  dis.  April  7,  '66. 

John  Riordan,  April  7,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  C. 

John  Ranch. 

William  M.  Reed. 

John  Riley. 

William  Roberta. 

Stephen  Rooney. 

Frank  Rupium,  Nov.  9,  '68. 

Israel  Schaad. 
George  H.  Snyder. 

Peter  Stidham,  Sept.  9,  '64,  dis.  Sept.  7,  '65. 

James  R.  Sweeney,  Feb.  28,  '65,  dis.  Feb.  25,  '66. 

Henry  Schmidt,  April  6,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  C. 

Valentine  Silberer,  Nov.  9,  '63,  tr.  to  19th  Pa.  Cav. 

John  T.  Shaw,  dis.  July  25,  '64. 

David  Sweeney,  died  Feb.  29,  '64.    . 

Henry  Saunders,  Nov.  9,  '68. 

John  Scanlon. 

George  W.  Smith,  April  5,  '65. 

William  Smith. 

John  Stanton. 

David  Stephens. 

Henry  Stover,  Jan.  10,  '65. 

Thomas  Shardon,  May  20,  '64. 

John  C.  Thomas,  Feb.  20,  '65,  dis.  July  7,  '6o. 

Francis  Tippin,  March  13,  '65,  dis.  March  22,  '66. 

Abraham  Tyler,  died  Feb.  4,  '64. 

Richard  Ulbrich,  April  6,  '65,  trans,  to  Co.  C. 

Francis  Weaver,  Oct.  4,  '64,  dis.  Nov.  20,  '65. 

Waldo  Wilkes,  April  11,  '65,  dis.  April  10,  '65. 

.John  Wilson,  Oct.  4,  '64,  dis.  June  16,  '65. 

John  Wilkes,  May  16,  '64,  trans,  to  Co.  D. 

Charles  Williams,  Nov.  9,  '68,  died  June  7,  '65. 

Christopher  Winters,  died  Sept.  16,  '63. 

William  White. 

Patrick  Wiggins,  Feb  4,  '65. 

Thomas  Wilde. 

John  Williams. 

John  H.  Wilson,  Feb,  20,  '64. 

.Jacob  Wine,  Nov.  9,  '63. 

Antonio  Witzel, 

Charles  Weaver,  May  20,  '64. 

In  all,  thirty-tv/o  companies  of  infantry 
were  raised  in  Camden  County  between 
the  beginning  and  close  of  the  war,  for  serv- 
ice under  the  United  States  government. 
Comprising    within  its  limits,  according    to 


154 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


the  census  of  1860,  a  population  of  but 
34,457,  no  community  perhaps  in  the  coun- 
try sent  a  larger  proportion  of  its  able- 
bodied  men  to  fight  for  the  preservation 
of  the  Union.  They  made  for  them- 
selves an  untarnished  reputation  as  brave, 
efficient  and  well-disciplined  soldiers  in  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  in  the  Army  of  the 
Shenandoah,  in  the  Carolinas  and  in  the 
West;  many  sealed  their  courage  and  de- 
votion with  their  blood,  and  the  survivors 
returned  to  receive  the  gratitude  and  plaudits 
of  their  fellow-citizens,  and  be  honored  so 
long  as  patriotism  shall  endure. 

Gen.  Joshua  B.  Howell  was  born  at 
Fancy  Hill,  the  site  of  the  family  mansion 
of  the  Howells,  Woodbury,  N.  J.,  September 
11,  1806.  He  was  educated  in  the  academy 
of  that  place  and  in.Philadelphia,  where  he 
studied  law  under  the  direction  of  Richard 
C.  Wood,  an  able  lawyer  of  that  day,  and  after 
admission  to  the  bar,  removed  in  the  fall  of 
1828,  to  Uniontown,  Fayette  County,  where 
he  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
and  where  he  soon  won  prominence.  From  his 
early  boyhood  he  took  an  interest  in  military 
affairs,  and  when  he  attained  manhood  he 
joined  a  military  company,  was  promoted 
from  one  position  to  another  until  he  became 
a  brigadier-general  under  the  old  militia 
system,  and  was  known  as  a  skillful  disciplin- 
arian. When  the  Civil  War  began  he  was 
nearly  fifty-five  years  of  age,  yet  he  promptly 
offered  his  services  to  the  national  govern- 
ment, and  was  chosen  colonel  of  the  Eighty- 
fifth  Regiment  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers 
in  November,  1861.  His  command,  in  1862, 
joined  in  the  Peninsular  Campaign  against 
Richmond. 

At  the  battle  of  Williamsburg,  Colonel 
Howell  commanded  a  brigade  and  received 
special  mention  for  meritorious  services.  At 
Fair  Oaks  his  regiment  was  distinguished 
for  bravery,  and  on  the  retreat  of  the  Union 
forces  from  White  Oak  Swamp  to  Harrison's 
Landing  it  was  for  a  considerable  time  in 


the  rear  of  McClellan's  army,  stubbornly 
contesting  the  ground  with  the  advancing 
enemy.  At  the  close  of  the  Peninsular 
Campaign,  Colonel  Howell's  health  was  se- 
riously impaired.  He  obtained  leave  of  ab- 
sence for  a  time,  which  he  spent  among  his 
friends  in  New  Jersey,  and  then  joined  his 
command  near  Fortress  Monroe.  His  regi- 
ment then  occupied  Suffolk  until   January, 

1863,  when  he  was  promoted  to  the  command 
which  was  attached  to  the  expedition,  .under 
General  Hunter,  against  Charleston,  S.  C. 
His  brigade  was  the  first  to  capture  Folly 
Island,  a  foothold  by  means  of  which  Gene- 
ral Gillmore  was  enabled  to  capture  Morris 
Island,  at  Charleston  Harbor,  shortly  before 
the  fall  of  Fort  Wagner.  General  Howell 
suffered  a  concussion  of  the  brain  from  the 
explosion  of  a  shell,  and  was  relieved  on  a. 
furlough.  After  recuperation  he  returned 
to  his  brigade  at  Hilton  Head,  and  com- 
manded that  district,  including  Fort  Pulaski, 
Tybee  Island  and  St.  Helena  Island,  the 
approaches  to  Savannah,  until  ordered  to 
Fortress  Monroe  to  join  the  forces  of  General 
Butler,  in  the  campaign  against  Richmond, 
where  his  name  became  a  synonym  for  gal- 
lantry. In  August,  1864,  he  spent  a  short 
furlough  in  New  Jersey,  and  returned  to  his 
brigade,  then  under  Hancock,  on  the  north 
side  of  the  James  River.  The  very  day 
after  his  return,  the  Confederates  assailed  his 
position  but  were  driven  back.  He  was  then 
promoted  to  a  major-general  and  assigned  to 
the  command  of  the  Third  Division  of  the 
Tenth  Corps.  Having  occasion  to  visit  the 
headquarters  of  the  corps  on   September  12, 

1864,  at  shortly  after  midnight,  he  mounted 
his  horse,  which,  upon  starting,  turned  into 
a  divergent  path,  and  being  suddenly  checked, 
reared  and  fell  back  upon  its  rider.  About 
fifteen  minutes  after  this  accident  he  fell  into 
a  stupor  from  which  he  never  recovered,  and 
at  seven  o'clock  in  the  evening  of  the  14th 
of  September  he  died.  Major-General  Alfred 
H.  Terry,  in  1882,  said  of  General  Howell : 


-^■^^  "^'*''^^^'^-=' 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


155 


"  My  recollections  of  General  Howell  as  a 
man  and  an  officer  are  as  clear  and  distinct 
as  they  were  eighteen  years  ago.  I  have 
never  known  a  more  courteous  gentleman  ; 
I  never  saw  a  more  gallant  and  devoted  of- 
ficer. The  record  of  his  service  was  with- 
out spot  or  blemish."  In  the  army  corps  in 
which  he  served  he  was  widely  known  and 
universally  respected  and  admired.  His  un- 
timely death  was  lamented  by  all  his  com- 
rades as  a  loss  well-nigh  irreparable,  not  only 
to  themselves,  but  to  the  country  also. 

Louis  E.  Francine,  colonel  of  the 
Seventh  Regiment  of  New  Jersey  Volun- 
teers, was  born  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia 
March  26,  1837,  though  at  the  time  he  en- 
tered the  army  he  was  a  citizen  of  Camden. 
His  father,  James  Louis  Francine,  was  a  na- 
tive of  Bayonne,  France. 

The  Francine  family  originally  came  from 
Florence,  Italy,  where  they  are  known  to 
have  held  offices  since  the  thirteenth  century. 
They  settled  in  France  during  the  reign  of 
Henri  IV,  and  were  naturalized  in  the  year 
sixteen  hundred.  Frangois  de  Francine,  gen- 
tleman-in-waiting and  steward  of  the  king, 
was  appointed  general  superintendent  of  the 
water-works  and  fountains  of  the  Royal 
Houses  of  France.  The  construction  of  the 
aqueduct  of  Arcueil,  the  Chateau  d'  Eau,  the 
Cbservatoire  and  other  historical  monuments 
is  due  to  him.  Many  of  his  descendants  were 
officers  of  high  rank  in  the  army  and  navy, 
and  bore  the  title  of  count. 

James  Louis  Francine,  the  father  of  Colonel 
Francine,  a  lineal  descendant  of  the  Flor- 
entine emigrants  to  France,  being  the  eldest 
child  and  only  son,  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  began  an  extensive  tour  throughout  the 
civilized  world,  and  as  one  of  the  results  of 
that  traveling,  became  proficient  in  the  use 
of,  at  least,  seven  languages.  In  1826,  when 
forty  years  old,  he  settled  in  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  and  by  the  death  of  his  father 
he  inherited  the  paternal  estate,  which  he 
increased  by  judicious  investment. 


He  removed  to  Camden,  there  spent  many 
of  his  later  years,  and  died  at  the  age 
of  eighty  iu  that  city,  1866,  three  years  after 
the  unfortunate  death  of  his  heroic  son, 
the  loss  of  whom  he  deeply  mourned  and 
from  which  sad  bereavement  he  never  re- 
covered. 

By  his  marriage  with  Catherine  Lohra,  a 
great  granddaughter  of  John  George  Knorr, 
(an  European  of  unblemished  character,  who 
came  to  this  country  in  1725  to  escape  relig- 
ious persecution,  and  settled  in  German- 
town),  James  Louis  Francine  had  seven 
children,  four  of  whom  died  in  infancy.  The 
others  were  Louis  R.  (the  subject  of  this  biog- 
raphy) Mary  V.  (Mrs.  Gat  zmer,  deceased)  and 
Albert  Philip  (uow  deceased,  who  was  mar- 
ried to  Anna  F.  Hollingshead,  granddaugh- 
ter of  Dr.  Joshua  Hollingshead,  of  Moores- 
town,  and  on  her  mother's  side  a  descendant 
of  the  Stockton  family  of  New  Jersey).  The 
only  lineal  representatives  of  the  Francine 
family  in  America,  are  her  sons  Albert 
Philip  and  Horace  Hugh  Francine. 

Louis  R.  Francine  grew  to  manhood  in 
Camden.  His  early  youth  was  spent  at  home 
and  he  attended  a  select  school  in  Camden 
taught  by  Lafayette  and  Talleyrand  Grover, 
the  former  of  whom  became  the  Governor  of 
Oregon  and  afterwards  a  United  States  Sena- 
tor from  the  same  State.  Young  Francine, 
when  but  a  boy,  developed  an  inherited 
love  for  military  display,  watched  with  eager 
interest  the  local  volunteer  companies  at  their 
regular  parades  and  drills  and  then  himself 
trained  amateur  military  companies  of  his 
little  school-fellows.  He  was  next  sent  to  a 
military  school  at  Flushing,  L.  I.,  at  which 
institution  he  showed  aptness  as  a  pupil  and 
gained  considerable  proficiency  in  the  science 
of  mechanics  and  mathematics. 

In  order  that  he  might  become  acquainted 
with  the  native  country  of  his  ancestors,  he 
accompanied  his  father  to  France  in  1851, 
and  spent  one  year  in  travel  in  that  country. 
Desiring  to  take  an  extencled  course  in  engi- 


156 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


neering,  which  to  him  had  great  attractions, 
in  1856  he  returned  to  France,  entered  the 
Ecole  Polytechnique  at  Paris  and  spent  two 
years  in  that  famous  institution.  While 
at  Paris  he  made  his  home  with  the 
Countesse  de  Brisey,  his  aunt,  and  he  thus 
became  associated  with  intelligent  and  cul- 
tured people  of  the  French  capital  and 
entered  the  fashionable  society  of  that  city. 
He  became  a  brilliant  and  entertaining  con- 
versationalist and  a  forcible  and  versatile 
writer.  During  his  stay  of  two  years  in 
France  he  contributed  to  a  Philadelphia  jour- 
nal a  series  of  interesting  letters  which  were 
much  admired.  He  returned  to  Camden  in 
1858,  and  when  the  war  opened  which  en- 
dangered the  preservation  of  the  Union, 
Colonel  Francine  had  just  entered  upon  his 
twenty-fifth  year.  He  speedily  raised  a  com- 
pany of  soldiers  from  Cape  May  County, 
which,  in  August,  1861,  was  officered  and 
equipped,  with  himself  as  captain,  and  formed 
Company  A  of  the  Seventh  New  Jersey 
Volunteers.  The  regiment  was  mustered  into 
the  service  at  Camp  Olden,  Trenton,  and  on 
September  19th  was  sent  to  Washington, 
reported  for  duty  with  nine  hundred  and 
twenty  men,  the  following  day  went  into 
camp  at  Meridian  Hill,  D.  C,  and  there  re- 
mained until  the  early  part  of  December, 
1861.  It  constituted  one  of  the  four  regi- 
ments composing  the  Second  New  Jersey 
Brigade,  though  after  the  battle  of  Gettys- 
burg it  was  attached  to  different  brigades.  It 
took  part  in  the  following-named  battles  : 
Yorktown,  Williamsburg,  Fair  Oaks,  Seven 
Pines,  Savage  Station,  Glendale,  Malvern 
Hill,  Bristoe  Station,  Bull  Run,  Chantilly, 
Centreville,  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville, 
Gettysburg,  Wapping  Heights,  McLean's 
Ford,  Mine  Run,  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania, 
Spottsylvania  Court-House,  North  Anna 
River,  Tolopotomy  Creek,  Cold  Harbor,  Be- 
fore Petersburg,  Deep  Bottom,  Mine  Explo- 
sion, James  River,  Fort  Sedgwick,  Poplar 
Spring  Church,  Boydton  Plank-Road,  Fort 


Morton,  Hatcher's  Run,  Armstrong  House, 
Capture  of  Petersburg,  Amelia  Spring, 
Farmville,  and  was  present  at  Appomattox 
when  General  Lee  surrendered. 

The  regiment  was  composed  of  a  class  of 
men  noted  for  their  undaunted  bravery.  The 
guiding  spirit  of  this  command  from  the  time 
it  entered  the  service  through  all  the  memor- 
able engagements  mentioned  above  to  the 
great  and  decisive  battle  of  Gettysburg  was 
the  brilliant  and  heroic  Colonel  Louis  R. 
Francine,  who,  from  the  position  of  captain, 
was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel  July  8, 
1862,  and  to  the  entire  command  of  the  regi- 
ment December  9,  1862. 

Early  in  the  war  he  won  the  admiration  of 
his  commanders  and  the  confidence  of  his 
men  in  the  manly  courage  which  he  displayed 
at  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  in  the  Peninsular 
campaign.  In  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville,  as 
colonel  of  the  regiment,  for  his  soldierly  con- 
duct and  eminent  ability  to  command,  he  re- 
ceived the  highest  encomiums  of  his  superior 
officers,  and  still  further  increased  the  confi- 
dence of  the  rank  and  file  in  him  as  a  cour- 
ageous leader.  The  following  is  his  graphi- 
cally written  report  of  the  part  his  regiment 
took  in  this  engagement : 

"  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  as  the 
proceedings  of  my  regiment  in  the  late  movement 
against  the  enemy  :  At  ten  o'clock  p.m.,  Tuesday, 
April  28,  having  just  returned  from  picketJine,  the 
regiment  joined  the  brigade  and  marched  to  the 
left  and  bivouacked  near  '  White  Oak  Church ' 
early  the  next  morning.  At  daybreak  we  were 
massed  to  support  troops  in  front  of  us.  We  re- 
mained in  that  position  until  one  o'clock  on  the 
afternoon  of  the  30th,  when  we  retraced  our  steps 
and  crossed  the  river  at  the  United  States  Ford 
early  on  the  morning  of  the  1st  of  May.  We 
remained  at  or  near  the  ford,  doing  picket-duty, 
until  the  following  morning  about  eight  o'clock, 
when  I  received  an  order  to  report  my  regiment  to 
General  Humphreys,  commanding  Third  Division, 
Fifth  Army  Corps.  I  did  so  without  delay,  and 
he  assigned  me  a  position  on  his  extreme  left, 
to  cover  the  approaches  by  the  Mott  or  Eiver  road 
to  the  United  States  Ford.  Early  in  the  afternoon 
of  the  same  day  General  Humphreys  ordered  me 


u 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


157 


to  take  a  small  body  of  picked  men  from  my  reg- 
iment and  reconnoitre  the  position  of  the  enemy 
in  my  immediate  front,  to  note  the  topography  of 
the  country,  and  the  apparent  strength  of  the 
enemy,  and  the  manner  of  their  approach  to  our 
lines.  This  I  did,  penetrating  the  country  for  two 
miles  in  one  direction  and  a  mile  and  a  half  in 
another.  My  report  was  highly  satisfactory  to  the 
General.  I  am  indebted  deeply  to  Captain  James 
McKiernan  and  Daniel  E.  Burrell,  of  my  regiment, 
for  valuable  services  rendered  upon  that  occasion. 
At  midnight  I  moved  my  regiment  to  the  right  of 
our  line,  by  order  from  General  Meade  through 
General  Humphreys,  and  joined  the  brigade,  arriv- 
ing there  at  about  two  o'clock  p.m.  The  follow- 
ing morning  (Sunday),  at  about  five  o'clock,  my 
regiment  was  again  detached  from  the  brigade, 
and  under  orders  from  Major  Tremain,  of  Gea- 
eral  Sickles'  staff,  filled  up  a  gap  occurring  be- 
tween General  Birney's  right  and  our  immediate 
firont. 

"  After  a  short  time  my  regiment  advanced  into 
the  woods  in  front  of  the  breast-works,  and  by 
maintaining  a  flanking  position  under  a  very  heavy 
fire  for  over  three  hours,  captured  five  stands  of 
colors  and  over  three  hundred  prisoners,  among 
the  latter  one  colonel,  one  major  and  several  line 
ofiicers.  The  colors  were  taken  from  the  Twenty- 
first  Virginia,  Eighteenth  North  Carolina,  First 
Louisiana,  Second  North  Carolina,  and  the  fifth 
from  some  Alabama  regiment.  The  Second  North 
Carolina  Regiment  we  captured  almost  in  toto.  At 
about  nine  o'clock,  the  ammunition  giving  out 
and  the  muskets  becoming  foul,  I  ordered  the  reg- 
iment to  fall  back  from  the  woods.  After  this,  a 
regiment  having  fallen  back  from  our  breast- 
works and  the  enemy  coming  close  upon  them 
(Second  North  Carolina  State  troops),  my  regiment 
charged  and  captured  their  colors  and  themselves 
almost  wholly.  Again  we  fell  back  slightly,  and 
confusion,  occasioned  by  our  lines  in  front  getting 
in  disorder,  threw  my  regiment  further  back  to  the 
rear.  At  this  time,  through  exhaustion,  my  voice 
left  me  entirely,  I  being  scarcely  able  to  speak  in 
a  whisper.  Upon  the  advice  of  my  surgeon,  I 
retired  from  the  field;  the  command  then  devolved 
upon  my  lieutenant-colonel,  whose  report  I  here 
enclose.  It  would  be  impossible  for  me  to  single 
out  individual  cases  of  courage,  where  all  my  offi- 
cers and  men  behaved  with  such  gallantry  and 
discretion.  The  trophies  they  took  from  the  enemy 
speak  more  eloquently  for  their  actions  than  any 
words  I  might  use. 

"  For  able  and  gallant  assistance  I  owe  much  to 
my  field  officers.    Their  coolness  and  bravery  in 


manoeuvering  the  men  saved  much  loss  of  life,  con- 
fusion and  pain.  I  regret  to  announce,  by  the  loss 
of  Lieutenant  George  Burdan,  the  loss  of  a  brave 
and  efficient  officer.  My  loss  in  killed,  wounded 
and  missing  was  one  hundred  and  fifty-three,  aw 
official  list  ofwhich  I  inclose:  Killed,  6  ;  wounded, 
44;  missing,  3.         "Loms  R.  Francine, 

.  "  Colonel  Seventh  New  Jersey  Volunteers. 
In  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  Colonel  Fran- 
cine  exemplified  his  characteristic  courage 
and  bravery,  but  there  received  a  mortal 
wound,  from  the  effect  of  which  he  died  in 
St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  at  Philadelphia,  on  the 
19th  of  the  same  month,  being  conveyed  there 
at  his  own  request  in  order,  as  he  thought,  to 
receive  the  best  surgical  treatment.  For  his 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  on  the  eventful 
day  he  received  his  fatal  wound,  he  was  pro- 
moted brigadier-general.  Owing  to  his  death 
he, never  received  the  commission,  but  it  was 
issued  and  sent  to  the  family,  as  indicated  in 
the  following  document : 

"  Executive  Depaetment,  Washington,  D.  C. 

"April  29,  1867. 
"  To  Marcus  L.  Ward,  Governor  of  New  Jersey. 

Dear  Sir:  I  have  the  honor  herewith  of  trans- 
mitting to  you  the  Brevet  Commission  of  Brigadier- 
General  for  the  family  of  Colonel  Louis  R.  Fran- 
cine,  7th  New  Jersey  Volunteers,  mortally  wounded 
at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  Pennsylvania,  July  2, 
1863.  This  brevet  has  been  conferred  for  the  gal- 
lant and  meritorious  conduct  of  Colonel  Francine, 
mentioned  in  my  official  report  of  the  battle,  and 
brought  especially  to  the  notice  of  the  Secretary 
of  War  during  the  late  session  of  Congress.  I 
trust  that  this  indication  of  the  appreciation  of 
Col.  Francine's  gallant  services  may  prove  accept- 
able to  his  family  and  friends.  I  have  to  ask  that 
you  will  transmit  this  commission  to  his  family. 
"A.  A.  Humphreys 
"  Brig-  Gen.  &  Chief  of  Engineers, 

Major-  General  of  Volunteers." 

General  William  J.  Sewell,  who  for  a  time 
commanded  the  Second  Brigade,  gives  the 
following  estimate  of  Colonel  Francine,  and 
his  opinion  of  him  as  a  .soldier  : 

"  Col.  Francine  was  intuitively  a  soldier.  He 
Was  one  of  the  conspicuous  officers  among  the  vol- 
unteers and  had  a  natural  love  for  the  profession. 


158 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


He  was  specially  adapted  to  it,  by  reason  of  the 
severity  of  his  own  habits,  being  a  strict  discipli- 
narian of  himself  and  consequently  of  those  under 
him.  He  had  an  absorbing  idea  of  the  importance 
of  the  trust  confided  to  him,  and  the  necessity  of 
utilizing  every  moment  to  perfect  himself  in  all 
that  pertains  to  the  details  of  his  profession,  using 
every  spare  moment  in  the  study  of  the  higher 
branches  of  science  and  strategy.  In  a  short  time 
he  became  one  of  the  leading  officers  in  the  New 
Jersey  troops  and  his  regiment  a  model  of  drill 
and  discipline.  His  gallantry  at  Chancellorsville 
was  repeated  at  Gettysburg,  where,  in  the  Peach 
Orchard,  he  held  his  regiment,  in  connection  with 
the  rest  of  the  Second  Brigade,  under  the  most  ter- 
rific storm  from  the  combined  batteries  of  Long- 
street,  and  when  the  Confederate  forces  in  over- 
whelming numbers  reached  the  Third  Corps,  the 
New  Jersey  brigade  fell  slowly  back  with  their 
faces  to  the  enemy,  disputing  every  inch  of  the 
ground.  It  was  here  that  the  gallant  Col.  Fran- 
cine  received  a  mortal  wound,  giving  up  his  life  to 
the  country  that  he  loved  so  well  and  tried  so  hard 
to  save." 

Major  Edward  W.  Coffin  was  born  at 
Hammouton,  Atlantic  County,  N.  J.,  on  the 
5th  of  June,  1824,  and  spent  his  early  years 
in  the  vicinity  of  his  home.  On  the  comple- 
tion of  his  studies  he  engaged  in  glass  n)an- 
ufacturing  and  was  thus  occupied  until  his 
removal  to  Camden,  in  1851.  At  this  point 
and  later  in  Lancaster  County,  Pa.,  he  was 
engaged  in  nickel  manufacturing.  In  1861 
he  entered  the  United  States  service,  having 
been  appointed  to  the  Subsistence  Depart- 
ment as  captain  and  commissary  of  subsist- 
ence. In  March,  1862,  he  accompanied  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  to  the  James  River, 
continuing  with  the  advance  up  the  Penin- 
sula to  Yorktowu,  where  he  remained  until 
July,  1864.  Major  Coffin  was  then  ordered 
to  Fortress  Monroe  in  charge  of  the  depot  of 
supplies  for  the  Armies  of  the  Potomac  and 
James  and  the  Departments  of  Virginia  and 
North  Carolina.  In  December,  1864,  he  was 
ordered  as  chief  of  subsistence  to  the  Fort 
Fisher  expedition  and  later  to  the  Army  of 
the  James,  where  he  remained  until  Febru- 
ary, 1865.  Major  Coffin  was  then  ordered 
to  Yorktown  and  placed  in  command  of  the 


county  of  York.  He  was  mustered  out  of 
service  in  December,  1865.  He  was  breveted 
major  for  meritorious  services  in  the  subsist- 
ence department.  May  13,  1865.  After  some 
time  spent  in  Arizona,  Major  Coffin  entered  the 
service  of  the  Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad, 
and  in  1883,  when  its  control  was  secured 
by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  was  appointed 
division  freight  agent,  which  position  he  now 
fills. 

Capt.  Abraham  M.  Browning  was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  September  3, 1843,  and 
was  the  son  of  Maurice  and  Anna  A.  Brown- 
ing. His  early  education  was  acquired  under 
the  excellent  training  of  his  uncle.  Professor 
William  Fewsmith.  He  afterward  entered 
Yale  College,  where  he  was  a  diligent  stu- 
dent. During  his  collegiate  course  the  Civil 
War  opened,  and  young  Browning,  with  a 
patriotism  which  had  characterized  his  an- 
cestors, entered  the  army,  though  but  just  of 
age,  as  captain  of  Company  H,  Thirty- 
eighth  New  Jersey  Volunteer  Infantry.  He 
was  faithful  in  the  performance  of  his  duties, 
was  naturally  a  soldier,  was  entrusted  with 
the  erection  of  fortifications,  and  had  charge 
of  large  bodies  of  men,  whom  he  handled 
with  ease  and  skill. 

He  contracted  laryngitis  and  died  at  his 
residence.  Cherry  Hill  Farm,  on  the  morning 
of  January  12,  1880.  He  left  a  widow, 
Josephine  Cooper  Browning,  daughter  of  the 
late  Ralph  V.  M.  Cooper  and  Louisa  F., 
daughter  of  the  late  Dr.  Joseph  and  Lydia 
H.  Fyfield,  of  Camden.  Captain  Browning 
left  four  children, — Louise  Cooper,  Maurice 
Harold  and  Abraham  Maurice. 

Captain  Browning  was  a  member  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  and  vestryman 
in  Grace  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  Had- 
donfield.  He  was  a  Republican  in  politics, 
and  died  leaving  an  unsullied  reputation  as 
a  fearless  and  brave  man,  conscientious  in 
every  particular,  strict  in  integrity,  and  few 
have  left  as  pure  and  blameless  a  record  as 
he.  He  was  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Brown- 


C^^^<^^^^/0^rz)z^;7^i^e>^^ 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


159 


ing  Brothers,  42  and  44  North  Front  Street, 
Philadelphia. 

William  C.  Hansell  was  born  in  Nor- 
ristown,  Pa.,  March  19,  1845,  and  is  a  son 
of  William  S.  and  Margaret  Gummings 
Hansell.  He  obtained  his  education  in  the 
schools  of  his  native  town  and  when  but  a 
youth,  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War,  im- 
bued with  boyish  patriotism,  he  enlisted 
September  16,  1861,  in  Company  F  of  the 
Fifty-first  Regiment  of  Pennsylvania  Volun- 
teers, raised  in  Montgomery  County,  and  com- 
manded by  that  distinguished  soldier  Major- 
General  .John  F.  Hartranft,  afterwards  Gov- 
ernor of  Pennsylvania.  In  this  organization 
our  subject  was  a  drummer-boy.  The  Fifty- 
first  Regiment  was  assigned  to  the  Ninth 
Corps,  commanded  by  General  Burnside,  and 
accompanied  the  expedi|;ion  to  North  Caro- 
lina and  there  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Roanoke  Island,  Newbern  and  Camden. 
This  regiment  was  the  first  to  place  the  colors 
on  the  Confederate  breast- works  defending  the 
approaches  of  Newbern,  and  it  was  then  given 
the  right  of  the  line  in  the  advance  upon  that 
city,  which  immediately  surrendered,  being 
at  the  same  time  attacked  by  the  fleet  in  the 
harbor. 

Young  Hansell  shared  the  fortunes  of  the 
regiment  throughout  the  war,  being  mus- 
tered out  on  the  2d  of  August,  1865.  He 
marched  with  the  gallant  and  sadly  shattered 
Fifty-first  1738  miles,  traveled  by  sea  and 
water  courses  6390  miles  and  by  railway 
3311,  making  the  huge  total  of  10,439  miles 
of  travel,  most  of  which  was  under  the  most 
unfavorable  conditions,  accompanied  by  fa- 
tigue, hardships,  harassments  and  dangers, 
such  as  the  soldier  only  knows.  He  was 
present  with  the  regiment  in  twenty-one  bat- 
tles, as  follows : 

Roanoke  Island,  February  7,  '62 ;  New- 
bern, March  14,  '62  j  Camden,  N.  C,  April 
19,  '62;  Bull  Run,  August  29,  '62;  Chan- 
tilly,  Va.,  September  1,  '62 ;  South  Moun- 
tain, September  14,  '62  ;  Antietain,  Septem- 


ber 17,  '62;  Fredericksburg,  December  12, 
'62;  Vicksburg,  July  4,  '63;  Jackson,  July 
13,  '63;  Campbell  Station,  November  16, 
'63 ;  Knoxwell,  December  28,  '63 ;  Wilder- 
ness, May  6,  '64;  Spottsylvania,  May  12, 
'64;  North  Anna,  May  25,  '64 ;  Cold  Harbor, 
June  3,  '64 ;  Petersburg,  June  17  and  18, 
'64;  Petersburg,  July  .30,  '64;  Yellow  Tav- 
ern, August  19,  '64;  Ream's  Station,  August 
21,  '64;  Petersburg,  April  1,  '65. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  Mr.  Hansell  re- 
mained in  Washington  and  engaged  in  busi- 
ness in  that  city  for  one  and  a  half  years  and 
then  came  to  Camden,  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided. He  was  under  the  employ  of  John 
S.  Read,  in  his  paper  store  on  Federal  Street, 
for  a  few  years,  and  in  1868  was  appointed 
messenger  to  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Camden  and  held  that  position  with  the  full 
confidence,  of  the  directors  of  the  institution 
until  1876,  when  he  retired  in  order  to  en- 
gage in  business  for  himself  During  the 
year  named  he  opened  a  paper  store  at  203 
Market  Street,  Camden,  where,  by  his  own- 
business  ability  and  energy,  he  has  built  up 
and  continued  to  enjoy  a  prosperous  trade, 
having  filled  large  contracts  for  papering 
houses  in  Camden  and  elsewhere. 

In  1867  Mr.  Hansell  was  married  to 
Miss  Lizzie  Hemsing,  daughter  of  Wm. 
Hemsing,  of  Camden.  They  have  one  child, 
Carrie. 

At  the  annual  reunion  of  the  survivors 
present  of  the  Fifty-first  Regiment  held  in 
Petersburg,  Va.,  in  1885,  Mr.  Hansell  was 
chosen  vice-president.  This  meeting  was 
held  in  the  crater  which  was  formed  at  the 
time  of  the  famous  "mine  explosion,"  July 
30,  1864.  The  reunion  at  that  place  was 
.  brought  about  at  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Han- 
sell. He  is  a  member  of  the  Union  Veteran 
Legion,  of  which  only  soldiers  who  have 
served  two  years  can  become  members. 

The  Deaft. — The  exigencies  of  the  Civil 
War  compelled  the  passage  of  the  Conscrip- 
tion  Act  by   the   Congress   of  the  United 


160 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


States,  approved  by  the  President  March 
3,  1863.  To  execute  this  act  the  loyal 
States  were  divided  into  sections  correspond- 
ing to  their  Congressional  districts,  and  a 
board  of  enrolment  was  established  in  each. 
These  boards  were  composed  of  a  provost- 
marshal,  surgeon  and  commissioner,  of  which 
the  provost-marshals  were  presidents,  and 
before  which  daily  all  questions  relating  to 
the  conscription  were  brought  for  discussion 
and  were  decided  by  a  majority  vote  of  the 
board. 

The  first  Congressional  district  of  Xew 
Jersey  at  that  date  was  composed  of  six  coun- 
ties, viz.,  Camden,  Atlantic,  Gloucester, 
Salem,  Cumberland  and  Cape  May.  The 
appointment  of  the  officials  of  the  board  of 
enrolment  for  this  district  was  by  law  vested 
in  the  President  of  the  United  States,  but 
virtually  was  exercised  by  the  member  of 
Congress  at  that  time,  the  Hon.  John  F. 
Starr,  of  Camden,  who,  during  this  trying 
period,  played  a  disinterested  patriotism 
worthy  of  all  praise.  The  personnel  of  the 
board  during  the  little  over  two  years  of  its 
existence  was  as  follows,  viz.  :  Colonel  Rob- 
ert C.  Johnson,  of  Salem,  pi'ovost-marshal 
from  May  2,  1863,  to  March  24,  1864.  He 
was  succeeded  by  Captain  Alexander  Wentz, 
of  Woodbury,  who  was  appointed  April 
25,  1864,  and  was  honorably  discharged 
November  16,  1865.  Dr.  John  S.  Steven- 
son was  commissioned  surgeon  May  2,  1863, 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war  and  was 
honorably  discharged  June  15,  1865.  Col- 
onel James  M.  Scovel  was  commissioner  from 
May  2,  1863,  until  November  27th,  of  the 
same  year,  when  he  resigned,  and  Philip  J. 
Gray  was  appointed  to  the  vacancy  December 
8,  1863,  and  was  honorably  discharged  April 
30,  1865.  In  additioia  to  these,  the  provost- 
marshal  had  authority  to  appoint  two  depu- 
ties and  one  special  officer.  The  first  two 
were  Captain  Henry  M.  Jewett,  of  Winslow, 
and  Captain  Aaron  Ward,  of  Camden  ;  Bea- 
jamin  F.  Sweeten,  of  the   latter  place,    was 


special  officer.  All  these  served  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  The  law  provided  that, 
when  necessary,  assistant  surgeons  might  be 
selected  to  aid  the  surgeon.  Under  this  pro- 
vision Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  was  appointed 
assistant  surgeon  in  June,  1864,  and  contin- 
ued until  the  close  of  the  conscription,  in 
April,  1865.  For  a  short  period  in  the  au- 
tumn of  1864,  Dr.  Jonathan  Learning,  of 
Cape  May,  also  aided  in  the  medical  exami- 
nations. 

The  headquarters  of  the  board  of  enrol- 
ment were  directed  to  be  located  in  Camden. 
They  were  established  in  the  second  and 
third  floors  of  Hall,  at  the  northwest  cor- 
ner of  Fourth  and  Market  Streets.  This 
building  being  too  small  to  accommodate  the 
public,  the  office  was  removed,  in  the  spring 
of  1864,  to  Morgan's  Hall,  on  the  southeast 
corner  of  the  same  streets.  The  rendezvous 
where  the  recruits  and  the  guard  were  quar- 
tered was  the  hall  at  the  northeast  corner  of 
Fourth  and  Federal  Streets.  During  the  ex- 
amination of  the  drafted  men  of  Cumberland 
and  Cape  May  Counties,  in  June  and  in 
August,  1864,  the  board  held  its  sessions  in 
Millville,  Cumberland  C^ounty,  in  an  unoccu- 
pied store  and  warehouse. 

The  first  draft  in  the  district  was  made  in  May, 
1864,  under  the  call  of  the  President  for  three 
hundred  thousand  men,  issued  October  17, 
1863.  In  Camden  it  was  executed  with  the 
greatest  publicity  and  visible  fairness,  in  a 
small  frame  house  (since  demolished)  upon 
the  north  side  of  Market  Street,  below  Third, 
in  front  of  which  an  open  stand  was  erected. 
A  list  of  all  the  enrolled  men  in  the  district 
was  copied  and,  together  with  the  slips  of  pa- 
per upon  which  each  name  was  separately 
written,  were  handed  to  a  committee  of  citi- 
zens who  had  been  appointed  at  the  boards' 
request  to  conduct  the  drawing.  These  slips 
were  placed  by  a  citizen  in  the  wheel  which 
another  turned,  while  a  third  drew  out  the 
papers  and  read  the  names  to  the  assembled 
people.     No   show   of  fin-ce  was  made,  the 


THE  WAB  FOE  THE  UNION. 


161 


armed  guard  having  been  left  behind  at  the 
office.  Not  a  murmur  of  disapproval  or  dis- 
satisfaction was  heard  from  the  multitude. 

But  very  few  of  the  drafted  men  were  in- 
voluntarily forced  into  the  army.  The  wealth- 
ier ones  put  in  substitutes.  The  remainder 
either  volunteered  or  their  places  were  filled 
by  other  volunteers,  all  of  whom  were  induced 
to  enlist  by  the  payment  of  a  bounty  by  the 
township. 

All  males  between  twenty  and  forty-five 
years  of  age  were  liable  to  do  military  duty  ; 
therefore,  all  within  those  ages  in  the  First 
District  were  enrolled.  Foreigners  who  had 
not  taken  out  naturalization  papers,  nor  de- 
clared their  intention  to  become  citizens,  were 
exempt.  With  this  exception,  there  was  no 
escape  except  by  reason  of  physical  disability. 
The  total  number  of  men  examined  by  the 
surgeons  during  the  existence  of  the  provost- 
marshal's  office  in  Camden  was  7883.  Of 
these,  2215  were  drafted  men,  of  whom  1243 
were  accepted.  Of  the  enrolled  men'  not  yet 
drafted,  1605  applied  either  to  have  their 
names  stricken  from  the  rolls  because  they 
thought  themselves  unfit  for  service  or  else 
desired  to  enlist.  Of  these,  827  were  found 
to  be  fit  for  duty.  The  number  of  substi- 
tutes ofiered  was  2305,  and  1242  were  ac- 
cepted. In  addition  to  those,  48  discharged 
wounded  soldiers  were  re-enlisted  in  the  Vet- 
eran Reserve  Corps,  making  a  total  of  4371 
men  placed  in  the  army  and  navy  from  the 
First  Congressional  District  of  New  Jersey. 

Summary  of  Battles.  —  In  the  four 
years  of  service,  the  armies  of  the  Union — 
counting  every  form  of  conflict,  great  and 
small — had  been  in  twenty -two  hundred  and 
sixty-five  engagements  with  the  Confederate 
troops.  From  the  time  when  active  hostili- 
ties began  until  the  last  gun  of  the  war  was 
fired,  a  fight  of  some  kind — a  raid,  a  skir- 
mish or  a  pitched  battle — occurred  at  some 
point  on  our  widely-extended  front  nearly 
eleven  times  a  week,  upon  an  average.  Count- 
ing only  those  engagements  in  which  the 
21 


Union  loss,  in  killed,  wounded  and  missing 
exceeded  one  hundred,  the  total  number  was 
three  hundred  and  thirty.  From  the  north- 
ernmost point  of  contact  to  the  southernmost 
the  distance  by  any  practicable  line  of  com- 
munication was  more  than  two  thousand 
miles.  From  east  to  west  the  extremes 
were  fifteen  hundred  miles  apart.  During 
the  first  year  of  hostilities — one  of  prepara- 
tion on  both  sides — the  battles  were  naturally 
fewer  in  number  and  less  decisive  in  charac- 
ter than  afterwards,  when  discipline  had  been 
imparted  to  the  troops  by  drill,  and  when 
the  materiel  of  war  had  been  collected  and 
stored  for  prolonged  campaigns.  The  en- 
gagements of  all  kinds  in  1861  were  thirty- 
five  in  number,  of  which  the  most  serious 
was  the  Union  defeat  at  Bull  Run.  In  1862 
the  war  had  greatly  increased  in  magnitude 
and  intensity,  as  is  shown  by  the  eighty-four 
engagements  between  the  armies.  The  net 
result  of  the  year's  operations  was  highly 
favorable  to  the  Rebellion.  In  1863  the 
battles  were  one  hundred  and  ten  in  number 
— among  them  some  of  the  most  significant 
and  important  victories  for  the  Union.  In 
1864  there  were  seventy-three  engagements, 
and  in  the  winter  and  early  spring  of  1865 
there  were  twenty-eight.' 

It  is  estimated  that  during  the  war  fifty- 
six  thousand  Union  soldiers  were  killed  in 
battle  and  about  thirty-five  thousand  died  in 
hospitals  of  wounds  and  one  hundred  and 
eighty-four  thousand  by  disease.  The  total 
casualties,  if  we  include  those  who  died  sub- 
sequent to  their  discharge,  were  about  three 
hundred  thousand.  The  loss  of  Confederates 
in  battle  was  less,  owing  to  the  fact  that  they 
were  fighting  on  the  defensive,  but  they  lost 
more  from  wounds  and  disease  on  account  of 
inferior  sanitary  arrangements.  The  total 
loss  of  life  caused  by  the  war  for  the  preser- 
vation of  the  Union  exceeded  half  a  milHon, 
and  nearly  as  many  were  disabled. 


1  2  Blaine's  "  Twenty  Years  of  Congress,' 


20. 


162 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Northern  Men  in  Service. — The  calls, 
periods  of  service  and  number  of  men  ob- 
tained during  the  Civil  War  from  the  North- 
ern States  were  as  follows  : 

NuiDber  Period  of  Number. 

Date  of  Call.  called.  SerTice.  obtained. 

April  15, 1861 75,000    3  months  93,326 

May  andJuly,  1861..582,748    3  years  714,231 

May  andJune,  1862 3  months  15,007 

July  2, 1862 300,000    3  years  431,958 

August  4,  1862 300,000    9  months  87,588 

June  15, 1863 100,000    6  months  16,361 

October  17,  1863 300,000    8  years  1  374  gny 

February  1,  1864 200,000    3  years  J 

March  14,  1864 200,000    3  years  284,021 

April23, 1864 85,000    100  days  83,652 

July  18,  1864 500,000    1,  2and3yrs.  384,882 

December  19,  1864..300,000    1, 2  and  3  yrs.  204,568 

2,942,748  2,690,401 

The  following  statement,  as  appears  by  the 
report  at  the  office  of  Adjutant-General  Wil- 
liam S.  Stryker,  at  Trenton,  for  1865,  ex- 
hibits the  number  of  men  called  for,  the 
number  of  men  furnished  by  New  Jersey 
and  their  term  of  enlistment  from  April  17, 
1861,  to  April  20,  1865. 

Number  of  meu  furnished  for  four  years 155 

three  years...  42,572 

"            "                "            two  years 2,243 

"            one  year 16,812 

nine  months.  10,787 

"                "            three  months  3,105 

100  days 700 

"            "                "     not  classified 2,973 


Credited  to  State 79,348 

Furnished  but  not  credited 8,957 


Total 88,305 

More  men  oifered  their  services  than  the 
State  had  authority  to  accept,  and  so  those 
who,  although  they  had  preferred  to  enlist  in 
New  Jersey  organizations,  went  into  regi- 
ments of  other  States.  Six  full  companies  of 
New  Jersey  troops  entered  into  the  Excelsior 
Brigade  of  New  York,  commanded  by  Gen- 
eral Sickles ;  others  enlisted  in  the  Forty- 
eighth  New  York  Infantry,  the  One  Hun- 
dred and  Twelfth  Pennsylvania  Heavy  Ar- 
tillery,   Anderson's    Cavalry     Troop,     the 


Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  the  Eleventh 
Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  First  New  York 
Cavalry,  Company  A,  Twentieth  New  York 
Volunteers,  Bramhall's  Battery,  Ninth  New 
York  State  Militia.  Two  full  companies 
also  entered  in  Serrill's  Engineers,  and  the 
State  lost  the  credit  on  her  quota. 

Eeception  op  Eeturned  Soldiers  in 
1864. — A  convention  of  loyal  men  of  New 
Jersey  assembled  at  Newark,  the  30th  of 
May,  1864,  and  determined  to  give  the  re- 
turning soldiers  of  New  Jersey  a  suitable 
reception  in  their  respective  counties,  on  the 
4th  of  July,  same  year.  James  M.  Scovel 
represented  the  county  of  Camden.  Accord- 
ingly, the  soldiers  of  this  county  arranged  for 
a  celebration  at  Haddonfield,  to  take  place 
in  the  grove  of  John  Hopkins,  on  the  above 
date. .  It  was  estimated  that  there  were  five 
thousand  people  present,  all  of  whom  were 
amply  fed  from  the  bountiful  tables  prepared 
under  the  management  of  the  committee  of 
arrangements. 

The  Union  League  of  Camden  acted  as 
an  escort  to  the  soldiers  from  Camden  City. 
One  feature  of  the  procession  was  a  color 
guard  composed  almost  entirely  of  one-armed 
men.  General  George  M.  Robeson  made 
the  speech  of  welcome,  which  was  greatly 
applauded ;  P.  C.  Brinck  read  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence;  Major  Calhoun,  on 
the  part  of  the  soldiers,  returned  thanks  for 
the  honor  done  them ;  Hon.  James  S.  Scovel, 
C.  T.  Reed,  Rev.  Mr.  Dobbins  made  patriotic 
remarks  on  the  occasion ;  the  ladies  were  ac- 
tive in  their  attention  to  the  returned  soldiers 
of  the  county. 

Women's  Work  in  the  War. — The 
same  spirit  which  prompted  the  soldiers  to 
go  to  the  front,  kindled  the  noble  and  gener- 
ous efforts  of  devoted  and  patriotic  women 
at  home  to  aid  and  contribute  to  the  comfort 
of  the  former.  They  formed,  in  Camden, 
the  Ladies'  Aid  Society,  the  Ladies'  Relief 
Association,  and  not  only  contributed  largely 
toward  these  organizations  in  money,  but  also 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


163 


gave  their  time  and  attention  and  partici- 
pated in  the  grand  results  arising  from  tlie 
great  Sanitary  Fair. 

The  great  Central  Fair  of  the  Sanitary 
Commission  of  the  States  of  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania  and  Delaware  was  opened,  in 
Philadelphia,  on  the  7th  of  June,  1864,  with 
appropriate  ceremonies.  Addresses  were 
made  by  the  Governors  of  the  three  States 
named.  The  fair  was  the  great  object  of  at- 
traction from  its  opening  to  its  close,  on  J  une 
28th.  It  realized  for  the  commission  over 
one  million  and  eighty  thousand  dollars. 

It  has  been  asserted  by  the  chronicles  of 
the  day  that  New  Jersey  exhibited  the  most 
interesting  relics  in  the  fair. 

The  Camden  Auxiliary 
TO  THE  Sanitary  Fair. — On 
Monday  evening,  April  10th, 
1864,  a  large  meeting  of  the 
prominent  citizens  of  Camden 
was  held  at  the  dwelling  of  R. 
B.  Potts,  on  Cooper  Street,  in 
Camden,  at  which  Judge  Thos. 
P.  Carpenter  acted  as  chairman 
and  Mr.  Farr  as  secretary. 

Resolutions  were  passed  to 
organize  an  efficient  auxiliary 
to  assist  in  the  Great  Fair  to  be 
held  in  Philadelphia,  and  to 
invoke  the  assistance  of  the 
ladies  of  Camden  City  and 
County  in  the  enterprise,  on  the  next  Thurs- 
day evening,  with  the  assistance  of  tiie  ladies, 
a  plan  of  operations  was  introduced  and 
matured  which  gave  assured  promise  that 
the  patriotic  citizens  of  Camden  County 
would  make  the  enterprise  a  successful  one. 

The  name  of  "  The  West  Jersey  Auxil- 
iary" was  adopted.  An  executive  committee 
had  been  appointed,  and  by  the  18th  of 
April,  only  eight  days  after  the  inception  of 
the  enterprise,  rooms  had  been  secured  at 
No.  104  Market  Street,  Camden,  and  every 
workshop,  factory  and  mill  in  Camden  sent 
to  these  rooms  the  best  specimens  of  their 


workmanship.  Every  farmer,  workingman 
and  mechanic  poured  into  the  general  fund 
large  contributions  of  manufactured  articles, 
or  the  products  of  the  soil  that  could  be 
turned  into  money,  and  again  from  money 
into  the  means  of  encouraging  the  health  and 
life  of  the  soldiers.  The  patriotic  ladies  of 
Camden  were  not  idle,  and  through  their  as- 
sistance and  effijrts  large  sums  came  into  the 
treasury  of  the  comnaission  from  every 
quarter  of  the  county.  The  mothers  and 
daughters,  wives  and  sisters  of  New  Jersey's 
sons  were  energetic  in  their  efforts  to  secure 
aid  and  assistance.  These  ladies  opened 
their  houses  for  entertainments  of  various 
kinds.     At  these  parlor  entertainments  were 


GREAT    CENTRAL    FAIR    BUILDING, 


1804. 


given  charades,  tableaux,  etc. ;  volunteer  per- 
formers and  amateurs  took  part.  The  City 
Halls  were  tendered  free  to  the  committee  on 
entertainments,  immense  concerts  were  given, 
and  a  generous  public  displayed  great  liberality 
in  purchasing  tickets.  The  Ladies'  Aid 
Society  and  other  relief  associations  which 
had  been  in  successful  operation  for  three 
years  joined  their  efforts  with  the  Auxiliary 
and  collected  large  supplies  of  clothing, 
blankets,  stockings  and  other  materials  use- 
ful to  the  men  in  military  duty  away  from 
home,  and  during  the  entire  period  of  the 
war  these   ladies   were  actively   engaged  in 


164 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


collecting  and  forwarding  from  their  depot 
in  Camden  tons  of  materials  for  the  benefit 
of  the  soldiers. 

Captain  Samuel  Hufty  was  appointed  to 
take  charge  of  the  donations  at  General  Depot 
No.  4,  Market  Street. 

The  Executive  Committee  consisted  of  P. 
J.  Grey  (chairman),  Hon.  Thomas  P.  Carpen- 
ter, James  H.  Stevens,  Henry  B.  Wilson,  E. 
V.  Glover  aud  John  D.  Tustin. 

The  following  gentlemen  of  the  county 
were  honorary  members  of  this  Auxiliary : 
Alex.  G.  Cattell,  of  Merchantville ;  W.  S. 
McCallister,  Gloucester  City ;  W.  C.  Milli- 
gan,  Haddonfield ;  Charles  H.  Shinn,  Had- 
donfield. 

Charles  Watson,  Esq.,  as  treasurer  of  the 
committee  on  entertainments,  and  Charles  S. 
Dunham,  as  chairman  of  same  committee, 
were  most  active  in  their  efforts  to  aid  the 
cause. 

The  Ladies'  Correspondence  Committee 
consisted  of  Mrs.  Clapp,  Miss  Maria  Moss, 
Mrs.  Fogoo,  Mrs.  Campion,  Mrs.  Shinn, 
Mrs.  J.  Vogdes,  Mrs.  Porter,  Miss  Lewis, 
Mrs.  Duhring,  Miss  Woodward. 

The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  the 
officers  of  the  West  Jersey  Auxiliary  to  the 
great  Sanitary  Fair :  President,  Hon.  Thomas 
P.  Carpenter;  Vice-Presidents,  Hon.  John 
F.  Starr,  Hon.  Philander  C.  Brinck,  Matthew 
Newkirk,  E.  V.  Glover ;  Secretary,  William 
A.  Farr;  Treasurer,  James  H.  Stevens;  Cor- 
responding Secretary,  P.  J.  Grey. 

The  chairmen  of  different  committees  were 
Maurice  Browning,  on  contribution  of  day's 
work ;  Robert  B.  Potts,  products  of  West 
Jersey  fabrication;  William  Fewsmith, 
works  of  art,  history  and  relics ;  William  J. 
Potts,  collections  from  field,  forest  and  ocean ; 
John  Aikman,  useful  and  fancy  articles, 
home  made ;  J.  E,.  Stevenson,  M.D.,  original 
ballads  of  poetry  on  the  war ;  Edward  H. 
Saunders,  on  miscellaneous  articles;  Joseph 
Fearon,  on  flowers  and  fruits ;  J.  D.  Rein- 
both,  on  fruits  and  confectionery ;  Benjamin 


H.  Browning,  on  the  refectory ;  William  A. 
Farr,  on  finance  and  donations ;  Charles  S. 
Dunham,  on  concerts,  charades  and  tableaux ; 
Captain  Samuel  Hufty,  on  receipt  of  articles 
donated.  Hon.  James  M.  Scovel  was  ap- 
pointed to  act  in  conjunction  with  the  United 
States  Sanitary  Commission. 

From  the  newspapers  of  the  period  are 
gleaned  the  names  of  the  following  ladies — 
by  no  means  all — who  were  prominent  in 
aiding  the  cause,  viz. :  The  Misses  Hufty, 
Mrs.  R.  Edwards,  Mrs.  Thomas  P.  Carpen- 
ter, Mrs.  E.  V.  Glover,  Mrs.  J.  D.  Reinboth, 
Mrs.  Butcher,  Mrs.  John  F.  Starr,  Mrs.  C. 
Mickle,  Mrs.  Thomas  H.  Dudley,  Mrs. 
Benjamin  Browning,  Miss  Betsey  Mason, 
Mrs.  Hewlings  Coles,  Miss  Josephine  Brown- 
ing, the  Misses  Hatch,  Mrs.  Ann  Andrews, 
Miss  Sallie  Gibson,  Miss  Maggie  Stoy,  Miss 
Sallie  W.  Atkinson,  Mrs.  Joseph  Hatch, 
the  Misses  Carrie,  Rebecca,  Louise  and 
Mary  Hatch,  Miss  Sarah  Eldridge,  Miss 
Cornelia  Eldridge,  the  Misses  Fearon. 

Miss  Rebecca  Hatch  presented  the  New 
Jersey  Department'with  a  handsome  silk  flag, 
which  was  much  prized. 

The  means  of  raising  funds  were  various. 
Thei*e  were  a  boys'  magic  lantern  exhibition, 
a  children's  fair,  many  parlor  concerts,  scrap- 
book  sales,  and  the  little  girls  of  Haddon- 
field contributed  $82.50. 

Mes.  Hettie  K.  Painteb,  who,  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  war,  was  a  resident  of  Cam- 
den, was  one  of  those  noble  and  patriotic 
women  who  left  her  home,  went  to  the  front 
and  became  known  in  the  Army  of  the  Po- 
tomac as  one  of  the  most  faithful  and  devoted 
nurses.  Many  a  sick  and  wounded  soldier 
of  Kearny's  brigade  was  the  recipient  of 
her  tender  care  and  earnest  solicitude.  After 
the  Union  defeat  at  the  second  battle  of  Bull 
Run,  and  the  repulse  at  Fredericksburg, 
where  twenty  men  of  the  Union  soldiers  re- 
ceived dangerous,  or  perhaps  mortal,  wounds, 
Mrs.  Painter's  devotion  to  the  unfortunate 
men  made  her  name  well-known  through  the 


THE  WAE  FOR  THE  UNION. 


165 


entire  Army  of  the  Potomac.  Slie  continued 
to  do  noble  work  in  the  hospitals,  with  the 
same  faithfulness  and  interest,  until  the  close 
of  the  war,  when  she  returned  to  Camden, 
and  soon  afterward  removed  to  the  West, 
where  she  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine. 

Miss  Virginia  Willets  (now  Mrs. 
James  M.  Stradling),  of  Camden,  was  a  vol- 
unteer nurse  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
and  was  connected  with  the  Second  Division 
of  the  Second  Army  Corps.  She  followed  the 
army  all  through  the  battle  of  the  Wilder- 
ness and  down  to  City  Point.  At  Freder- 
icksburg she  had  charge  of  the  hospital  in  the 
Catholic  Church  of  that  city.  At  Port  Roy- 
al she  attended  many  of  the  wounded  of  the 
battles  of  Chancellorsville  and  White  House 
Landing.  She  remained  with  the  army  until 
1864,  and  was  associated  with  the  well-known 
army-nurse,  Mrs.  Mary  Morris,  of  Phila- 
delphia, whose  husband  was  the  grandson  of 
Eobert  Morris,  of  Revolutionary  fame. 

The  Soldiers'  Monument  in  Camden. 
— The  beautiful  and  imposing  monument 
erected  to  the  memory  of  the  fallen  heroes  of 
Camden  County  in  the  War  for  the  Union  is 
situated  in  the  northeast  part  of  the  city,  near 
the  City  Hall,  on  a  plot  of  ground  donated 
by  the  city  of  Camden.  It  is  a  fine  specimen 
of  workmanship  and  an  honor  to  the  city  and 
county.  The  movement  which  resulted  in 
its  erection  was  originated  by  Post  5,  G.  A. 
R.,of  Camden,  formerly  Sedgewick  Post,  No. 
6,  who  contributed  the  first  three  hundred 
dollars.  The  next  contribution  was  one  thou- 
sand dollars,  by  the  Board  of  Freeholders, 
which  body  eventually  appropriated  the  bal- 
ance of  the  entire  amount  of  five  thousand 
five  hundred  dollars  required.  The  monu- 
ment was  constructed  of  granite,  by  Krips  & 
Shearman.  It  is  thirty-nine  feet  six  inches 
high,  and  weighs  forty-seven  tons.  The 
railing  around  the  monument  was  furnished 
by  the  county.  The  dedication  took  place 
June  9, 1873,  on  which  occasion  the   city  of 


Camden  was  decorated  with  flags,  banners 
and  streamers.  The  military  display  and 
parade  were  an  interesting  part  of  the  cere- 
mony. There  were  present  the  Third  Regi- 
ment, from  Elizabeth  ;  the  Fourth  Battalion, 
from  Bridgeton  and  Millville ;  the  Sixth 
Regiment  and  Battery  B,  of  Camden.  The 
prominent  persons  present  were  Governor 
Parker  and  his  staff,  composed  of  Adjutant- 





THE   soldiers'    MONUMENT, 

General  Stryker,  Quartermaster  Lewis  Per- 
rine,  Surgeon  Barry  and  Colonels  Murphy 
and  Dickerson  ;  General  Gez'shom  Mott,  with 
his  staff,  Adjutant-General  Lodor,  Quarter- 
master Ridgway,  Surgeon  Welling  and 
Major  Owens  ;  General  D.  Hart  and  staff, 
composed  of  Colonels  Weston  and  Murphy  ; 


166 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Major  Eobbins  and  Captain  Edgar ;  Hons. 
John  Y.  Foster,  A.  L.  Runyan,  Samuel 
Hopkins. 

"  The  ceremonies  were  opened  by  General 
Carse  in  a  brief  address.  He  then  introduced 
Rev.  P,  L.  Davies,  of  New  York,  who  offered 
a  prayer,  and  after  this  the  monument  was 
unveiled  with  beautiful  and  appropriate  cere- 
monies, amid  the  cheers  of  the  vast  multitude 
assembled,  the  music  of  the  bands  and 
grand  salute  from  Battery  B,  and  the  Star 
Spangled  Banner  at  the  signal  unfolded  itself 
from  around  the  marble  shaft  and  ascended 
majestically  to  the  peak  of  the  flag  stafp  that 
was  erected  in  the'  rear,  and  as  if  by  magic  a 
perfect  shower  of  miniature  flags  fell  gently 
upon  the  vast  concourse  below.  A.  C.  Scovel, 
Esq.,  then  introduced  John  Y.  Foster,  the 
speaker  of  the  day,  and  author  of  '  New 
Jersey  in  the  Great  Rebellion.'  He  followed 
the  gallant  Jersey  regiments  from  the  State 
to  the  field  and  through  their  grand  march  of 
triumph,  not  only  the  glorious  victories  won 
in  Virginia,  but  also  the  grandest  of  all 
marches, — the  march  through  Georgia,  and 
reviewed  the  termination  and  turned  to  re- 
flect upon  the  great  lesson  of  the  hour." 

The  following  names  which  are  engraved 
on  this  monument  are  of  soldiers  from  Cam- 
den County  who  died  during  the  war  : 

Coloneh. 
Louis  E.  Franoine.     .       H.  Boyd  McKeen. 
John  P.  Vanleer.  Wm.  B.  Hatch. 

Lieutenant-  Colonels. 
Simpson  R.  Stroud.  Thomas  H.  Davis. 

Captains. 
C.  Haufty..  C.  Meves. 

J.  MoComb.  W.  R.  Maxwell. 

C.J.  Fields.  ,      T.Stevenson. 

C.  K.  Horsfall.  ■       C.  Wilson. 

E.  Hamilton. 

First- Lieutenants. 
W.  S.  Briggs.  R.  A.  Curlis. 

W.  Evans.  J.  R.  Rich. 

J.  T.  Lowe.  J.  R.  Orowell. 

Second- Lieutenants. 
W.  S.  Barnard.  G.  W.  Eisler. 

T.J.Howell.  D.  R.  Cowperthwaite. 


Sergeants. 

D.  A.  Westcoat.  G.  M.  Hineline. 
J.  D.  Richardson.  J.  B.  Johnson. 
C.  B.  Oheesemen.  C.  H.  Jewell. 

S.  W.  Bates.  J.  R.  McGowan. 

J.  Curtis.  T.  Krugg. 

J.  Dimon.  C.  W.  Lowe. 

C.  F.  Dickinson.  E.  Mitchell. 

H.  Fisler.  J.  W.  Moore. 

J.  K.  Frankish.  I.  J.  Rue. 

C.  G.  P.  Goforth.  P.  Riley. 

P.  A.  Grum.  C.  P.  Fish. 

I.  A.  Korn.  J.  WooUard. 
C.  E.  Githens. 

Corporals. 

J.  F.  Bailey.  B.  Linton. 

H.  B.  Brown.  E.  W.  Laue. 

J.  M.  Roe.  E.  Livermore. 

J.  Clements.  A.  H.  Merry. 

W.  W.  Collins.  J.  Miller. 

S.  B.  Carter.  J.  McClernand. 

C.  P.  Norton.  J.  Roshback. 

C.  Helmuth,  G.  A.  Smith. 

W.  F.  Hessel.  M.  Slimm. 

C.  E.  Hugg.  F.  Schwartz. 

E.  Holly.  G.  W.  Thompson. 
J.  C.  Dilkes.  W.  Thompson. 
W.  H.  Jones.  A.  Wooley. 

J.  S.  Kay.  J.  Zanders. 

W.  Rich.  H.  Beohtel. 

G.  North.  H.  K.  Patton. 
P.  Larricks. 

Privates. 

G.  Adams.  J.  Bozarth. 

A.  Adams.  A.  G.  Bryan. 
H.  Adler.  W.  Batt. 

J.  E.  Amit.  D.  Bates. 

J.  Adams.  P.  Barnel. 

E.  Ayers.  G.  Boom. 

T.  P.  Asay.  S.  Beck. 

J.  Anderson.  W.  Brown. 

J.Brown.  J.  Brice. 

B.  Budd.  J.  Breer. 
E.  Browning.  E.  Barber. 
J.  Buchanan.  H.  Beckley. 
J.  Bakely.  W.  Cook. 

G.  B.  Budd.  A.  Clingham. 

J.  Bates.  A.  Coule. 

L.  Breyer.  W.  B.  Carson. 

A.  Breyer.  G.  W.  Chew. 

J.  Bebbe.  J.  W.  Clement. 

J.  Bower.  T.  Cobb. 

J.  Beetle,  Jr.  R.  G.  Curry. 

J.  Bowker.  T.  Cloren. 

L.  Banks.  T.  D.  Clark. 


THE  WAE  FOR  THE  UNION. 


167 


J.  S.  Copeland. 

I.  Calway. 

R.  Clayton. 

J.  Cline. 

J.  G.  Conley. 

C.  F.  Collett. 

I.  H.  Copeland. 

J.  Q.  A.  Cline. 

N.  B.  Cook. 

J.  Conley. 

H.  Cramer. 

T.  Carmack. 

H.  Culler. 

H.  Craver. 

J.  Conlan. 

J.  Crammer. 

J.  P.  Callaway. 

M.  Cavanaugh. 

W.  H.  Chamberlain. 

C.  Downs. 
J.  Diehl. 
J.  Devlin. 
S.  Dermott. 

8.  Dermott  (2d). 
J.  Dowell. 
R.  Dresser,  Sr. 
J.  S.  Dill. 
J.  R.  Dornell. 
E.  P.  Davis. 
J.  Dyle. 
A.  Downs. 
J.  H.  Douglas. 
8.  G.  Darrow. 
E.  Davis. 

E.  Dougherty. 

D.  Drigget. 
J.  E.  Dorrell. 
D.  Doughty. 

J.  J.  Dannenhower. 

T.  Davis. 

M.  Effinger. 

W.  Earley. 

R.  G.  Easley. 

J.  Elberson. 

W.  Edge. 

J.  Edinger. 

A.  Elberson. 

W.  Evans. 

J.  Fitzgerald. 

W.  Frey. 

J.  A.  Fenner. 

D.  Ford. 

F.  Fellows. 
J.  G.  Foster. 
J.  Groskinsky. 


J,  Gillespy. 
L.  Grundling. 
L.  GifFord. 

C.  Gautier. 
J.  F.  Gaul. 
W.  Goebel. 
H.  Githens. 
J.  Gammel. 
R.  Grant. 

J.  H.  Gaunt. 
G.  Gerwine. 

D.  Gordon. 

G.  H.  Gilbert. 

A.  Gervis. 

J.  HoUingsworth. 

C.  Hambrecht. 
V.  Henricus. 
H.  F.  Hensman. 
J.  F.  Haines. 

G.  A.  Holmes. 
G.  Hanno. 
P.  F.  Hilyard, 

D.  H.  Horner. 
S.  G.  Hultz. 
W.  Herring. 
L.  Heller. 

A.  Hawk. 
G.  Howard. 
H.  Hinkle. 
W.  F.  Halmbold. 

E.  Hefferman. 
H.  Hears. 

M.  Hall. 

8.  G.  Heils. 

G.  M.  D.  Hampton. 

W.  H.  Harris. 

D.  Horner. 
J.  P.  Huyck. 
Adam  Job. 
J.  W.  Jobes. 
T.  Johnson. 
A.  J.  Joline. 

E.  Johnson. 
G.  Kell. 

A.  J.  Keim. 

E.  Lock. 
J.  Louis. 
J.  Logan. 
W.  J.  Leake. 

F.  Laib. 
D.  Lutz. 

J.  B.  Leach. 

G.  B.  Land. 
J.  Lewis. 
J.  Leslie. 


J.  W.  Lee. 

W.  R.  Lancaster. 

W.  Look. 

J.  K.  Liphsey. 

B.  H.  Linton. 

E.  Miles. 

C.  Mensing. 
J.  Munsan. 
R.  Marshall. 
H.  D.  Morgan. 
J.  Macinall. 
M.  Marshall. 

F.  Mullen. 

E.  F.  Mills. 

T.  E.  Middleton. 

G.  E.  Monroe. 
L.  Miller. 

J.  Miller. 
J.  Machtoff. 
T.  Marrott. 
J.  Murray. 
A.  W.  Martin. 
G.  Mount. 
G.  W.  Mooney. 
R.  J.  McAdams. 

A.  McGauhey. 
J.  McMullen. 
M.  McLaughlin. 
C.  McLaughlin. 
T.  J.  McKeighan. 
M.  McNulty. 

W.  McDowell. 
N.  McElhone. 
G.  McCabe. 
L.  McConnell. 
J.  McAdams. 
J.  McKeon. 

B.  McMullen. 
P.  Nolan. 

M.  Nicholson. 
S.  B.  Norcrof. 
J.  8.  Nicholson. 
M.  Nayse. 
W.  Nagle. 
A.  Oldham. 
M.  Oregan. 

C.  Owens. 

F.  O'Neil. 

P.  H.  O'Donnell. 
P.  O'Donnell. 
I.  J.  Pine. 
T.  Pike. 
J.  Parks. 
R.  M.  Price. 
A.  Pond. 


P.  Pepoon. 
D.  Ryan. 
J.  Rhode. 
D.  Rumford. 
F.  Robinson. 
W.  Robust. 
T.  D.  Ross. 
J.  Ryan. 

F.  Rodgers. 
W.  Rowe. 
J.  Roofe. 

T.  J.  Rudderow. 
W.  J.  Rudy. 
H.  Richmond. 
D.  Reading. 

A.  Schwartz. 

C.  Schey. 
R.  F.  Stone. 

J.  A.  Steelman. 

G.  A.  Schmitt. 
J.  E.  Stark. 

D.  M.  Southard. 
W.  Shroder. 

J.  Schlatter. 
J.  Sturges. 
P.  Stoy. 
F.  Stadler. 
S.  Sympkins. 
P.  Stevenson. 

D.  Sullivan. 

B.  F.  Sweet. 
8.  Sutton. 

E.  H.  Smith. 

A.  Subers. 

W.  H.  Stockton. 
W.  H.  Schaffer. 
8.  8.  Somers. 
W.  R.  Stewart. 
J.  R.  Stow. 
H.  Smith. 

B.  F.  Schlecht. 
J.  Stevenson. 
D.  Simpkins. 

F.  Sichttnberg. 

C.  W.  Skill. 
F.  Street. 
J.  Smith. 

J.  8.  Smith. 
H.  P.  Snyder. 
W.  Streeper. 
H.  Steffins. 
T.  Simpson. 
T.  Shields. 
R.  H.  Strought. 
C.  S.  Turner. 


168 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


H.  G.  Thorn. 

G.  C.  Tmeax. 

C.  S.  Tyndall. 

J.  Thomas. 

H.  Todd. 

C.  Ulrich. 

C.  Ulrich. 

•J.  G.  Vanneman. 

J.  Wells. 

L.  A.  Westcoat. 

T.  Walker. 

G.  Wannan. 

A.  J.  Walker. 
S.  Wilson. 

B.  Ware. 
A.  Wolf. 
W.  Wallace. 
J.  Woerner. 
W.  Wilson. 


S.  W.  White. 
J,  C.  Ware. 
J.  C.  Whippy. 
L.  P.  Wilson. 
T.  G.  Williams. 

C.  Warr. 

D.  Wells. 

J.  Williams. 
W.  Wells. 

E.  Watson. 
E.  P.  Wilson. 
W.  J.  Wood. 
C.  Winters. 

C.  H.  Wennel. 

D.  R.  Winner. 
J.  0.  Young. 
0.  Yeager. 

D.  C.  Yourison. 
M.  Zimmerman. 


Necrology. — The  following  is  a  com- 
plete list,  as  far  as  can  be  obtained  from  the 
Grand  Army  Posts  and  the  sextons  of  the 
various  cemeteries  of  Camden  County,  of  the 
soldiers  whose  remains  lie  in  the  places 
named : 

CAMDEN  CEMETERY. 

(One  hundred  and  thirty-five  buried  here.) 


Samuel  E.  Pain. 
James  Coleman. 
Howard  Dewees. 
George  Williams. 
James  F.  Ross. 
Ottis  G.  Sanderson. 
John  S.  Normine. 
Martin  Effinger. 
Samuel  Miller. 
Jacob  Price. 
George  Roedel. 
Andrew  Merkle. 
Isaac  Dougherty. 
Samuel  B.  Carter. 
Lieut.  Thos.  S.  Stewart. 
Charles  P.  Horton. 
John  Miller. 
C.  B.  McBride. 
Johan  Diehl. 
J.  F.  Fisher. 
Alfred  Bernard. 
Corpl.  J.  R.  McCowan. 
J.  H.  Button. 
James  Emely. 
Charles  Helmuth. 
William  D.  Richardson. 


James  Conover. 

Conover. 

Harris. 

Harris. 

George  Elder. 
William  Dorsey. 
Abner  Subers. 
James  Smallwood. 
William  L.  Gray. 
John  Moran. 
D.  W.  Morton. 
John  Robinson. 
William  Wilson. 
William  W.  Whittaker. 

Felden  [father]. 

Felden  [son]. 

Clayton  Edwards. 
Samuel  J.  Griffee. 

Biddle. 

Elijah  Davis. 
Christian  Hess. 
James  Griffee. 
Suton  Gehweiler. 
Edward  Ecke. 

Price. 

Lane. 


Thomas  C.  Surran. 
John  Thornton. 
James  Hollingsworth. 
William  Hampton. 
J.  H.  Dutton. 
C  H.  Cleaver. 
T.  J.  Cheeseman. 
Capt.  J.  R.  Cunningham. 
Corp.  James  Ireland. 
Corp.  Peter  Shivers. 
Samuel  Yates. 
Abraham  Stow. 
Andrew  O.  Steinmets. 
Jacob  Hirsch. 
John  P.  Grant. 
Adam  Kolb,  Sr. 
Adam  Kolb,  Jr. 

Sibenlist. 

Sibenlist. 

Ware. 


Heinrich  Rauser. 
Joseph  Pike. 
John  B.  Nevins. 
William  W.  Howe. 

Elberson. 

Elberson. 

John  P.  Cannon. 

Brinnisholtz. 

C.  H.  Kleavor. 

Conly. 

Benjamin  Anderson. 
James  Griffe. 

Price. 

J.  G.  Johnson. 
Augustus  F.  S.  Singleton. 
John  Williams. 
Daniel  Rowan. 
James  C.  Lewis. 
Robert  Middleton. 
George  Brooks. 


War  of  1812. — billingspoet. 
Capt.  William  Newton.      John  Smith. 
Daniel  S.  Carter. 

Nathan  A.  Carter,  sexton,  No.  33,  North  Fourth 
Street. 

EVEEGREEJf   CEMETERY   (CAMDEN). 


Joseph  Bontemps. 
Alexander  Nicholls. 
Lewis  Kenney. 
Jonas  T.  Hull. 
Wm.  D.  Richardson. 
Albert  Kemble. 
Morris  R.  Giles. 
Joseph  S.  Fletcher. 
Joseph  McAllister. 
Charles  M.  Ferat. 
John  Scliack. 
Christian  Hess. 
William  A.  Tat  em. 
George  H.  Snyder. 
Joseph  L.  Coles. 
E.  T.  Davis. 
H.  Dieokman. 
Richard  W.  Parsons. 
Alonzo  D.  Nichols. 
John  Miles. 
James  H.  Kerns. 

D.  R.  Cowperthwaite. 
Geo.  W.  Roseman. 

E.  Miles. 
William  Malone. 
Thomas  R.  Middleton. 
E.  C.  R.  Woodruff".. 
James  .1.  Snow. 


John  M.  Ehillman. 
Wm.  H.  Schwab. 
F.  G.  S.  Pfeiffer,  M.D. 
Captain  James  Snow. 
William  H.  Sugden. 
Henry  K.  Patton. 
William  P.  Reeves. 
1st  Lt.  Saml.  J.  Malone. 
Capt.  Frank  M.  Malone. 
Col.  W.  B.  Hatch. 
Joseph  A.  Beck. 
1st  Lt.  William  M.  Sh  iw. 
Joseph  C.  Huyck. 
Joseph  C.  Vanneman, 

(Surg.  U.  S.  N.) 
Thomas  James  Howell. 
William  G.  Leake. 
John  Robertson. 
1st  Lt.  S.  A.  Steinmetz. 
Thomas  R.  McKenney. 
Robert  G.  Clark. 
William  B.  Benjamin. 
K.  C.  Allen. 
L.  H.  Harker. 
William  Hutchinson. 
Edward  B.  Brown. 
Thomas  Herbert. 
Thomas  Kelly. 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


169 


Edgar  Reeve. 
John  E.  Stratton. 
Samuel  W.  Mattaon. 

Hansell. 

George  R.  Angell. 
John  Wallace. 
Joshua  F.  Stone. 
Colonel  Martin  Seldon.' 
John  W.  Bear. 
William  J.  Paul. 
Daniel  Smith. 
Alonzo  W.  Schuler. 
Jacob  H.  Gilmore. 


R.  P.  Sherman. 
E.  F.Locke. 
0.  B.  Carter. 
Andrew  McCartney. 
S.  E.  Somers. 
J.  W.  Norton. 
C.  E.  Githens. 
James  Carpenter. 
William  B.  Shult. 
Charles  H.  Billings. 
Jeremiah  Berry. 
Capt.  Henry  Z.  Gibson. 
Chas.  G.  P.  Goforth. 


CEDAE  GROVE  CEMETERY  (GLOUCESTER  CITY). 


Thomas  Shaw. 
Corp.  Miles  Blakely. 
Alexander  Work. 
Peter  Rancorn. 

Fithian. 

Ginn. 

John  Marshall. 
James  A.  Schofield. 
Stephen  A.  Briggs. 
John  Lincoln. 
Chas.  H.  Cordery. 
John  Herron. 
Wm.  Hutchinson. 
Henry  Simpkins. 
Brig.-Gen.  J.  Williams. 
Thomas  Hoff. 
John  Sands. 
Gabriel  Surran. 
James  Kane. 
James  McElmoyle. 
Thomas  B.  Campbell. 
John  E.  Miller. 
Peter  D.  Hewlings. 
Joseph  Davis. 
Howell  R.  Davis. 
Joseph  Bush. 


James  Sipple. 
Hiram  Irvine. 
Wm.  N.  Groves. 
James  Groves. 
Robert  Berryman. 
Robert  McAdoo. 
Arthur  Powell. 
David  Conklin. 
Abram  Martin. 
James  W.  Moss. 
Philip  H.  Smith. 
Charles  H.  Hulings. 
Wm.  H.  Wilson. 
James  A.  Duddy. 
Wm.  H.  Stout. 
Wm.  Tjas. 
Samuel  Hooten. 
Wm.  Akens. 

Ford. 

John  Osborne. 
Joseph  Barton. 
John  Norton. 
John  Pew. 
Foster  Stanford. 
Fritz  Speigle. 
George  W.  Murray. 


METHODIST  CEMETERY  (hADDONFIELD.) 


John  A.  Fish. 
Davis  Rumford. 
Richard  Lippincott. 
.  Augustus  Bare. 
Lewis  Rumford. 
Isaac  Arterburn. 


Franklin  Hoops. 
Wm.  Henry  Nutt. 
John  Bakely. 
Wm.  McCarty. 
Josiah  Fish. 
Isaac  Cade. 


BAPTIST  CEMETERY  (HADDONFIELD.) 

James  Fortner.  James  Brick. 

Lorenzo  Jess.  Wm.  H.  Hoey. 

Samuel  Wilson.  Levi  E.  Bates. 

Saral.  Eggman.  Charles  Scott. 


— —  Ashbrook. 
Jacob  Dill. 
Silas  Gartledge. 
James  Young. 

UNION  CEMETERY 

George  HoflFman. 
Chakley  Cheeseman. 
Thomas  Cheeseman. 
George  Elmbark. 
Wm.  Russell. 

ST.  MARY'S    CEMETERY    (CATHOLIC),    GLOUCESTER 
CITY. 


John  W.  Swinker. 
Alfred  Fortner. 
•  Lawrence. 

(GLOUCESTER   CITY). 

Thomas  Pancoast. 
John  Jordan. 
Edward  Russell. 
Richard  Wilson. 


Patrick  Reilly. 
Jas.  Cooney. 
John  O'Neill. 
Daniel  Kelly. 
Michael  McGrorey. 
James  McGrorey. 
Wm.  Lenny. 
Patrick  Boylan. 
Edward  Cole. 
John  Cloran. 
Timothy  Cloran. 
Edward  Burroughs. 
Christopher  Dolan. 
Francis  Queen. 
John  Berzell. 
Thomas  Guigan. 
James  White. 
Patrick  Waters. 
Michael  Hurley. 
Constantine  O'Neill. 
William  Leo. 


Edward  Tool. 
Matthew  Finnegan. 
Wm.  McBlhone. 
Nicholas  Brady. 
Henry  McElhone. 
Florence  Sullivan. 
Michael  Corcoran. 
Joseph  Brady. 
Thomas  Agen. 
Christopher  Winters. 
Patrick  McGuire. 
Daniel  Kenney. 
Michael  Callahan. 

John  Kenney. 

James  McCann. 

James  Byers. 

Hugh  Hines. 

Thomas  Sweeny. 

John  Reilly. 

James  McNally. 

Michael  Devlin. 


James  Daly. 

JOHNSON'S  CEMETERY  (STOCKTON  TOWNSHIP). 


Nathaniel  Stout. 
Thomas  Ryan. 
Josiah  Pruitt. 
Jacob  Brisco. 
David  Whiting. 
James  H.  Menoken. 
Josiah  Shipley. 
Edward  Shipley. 
Henry  Ramsey. 


George  S.  Menoken. 
Edward  Barnard. 
George  H.  Stewart. 
Joseph  Wells. 
Amos  W.  Nash. 
Theophilus  Peterson. 
James  Weeks. 
John  Ryan. 
John  Miller. 


COLESTOWN  CEMETERY  (CAMDEN  COUNTY). 

Capt.  Wm.  C.  Shinn.        Abram  Middleton. 


'  In  Revolutionary  War  ;  died  1806. 


Abraham  Browning. 
Joseph  Cline. 
Joseph  Errickson. 
J.  Stokes  Evans. 
Bowman  Hendry. 
James  Henry. 
Theodore  W.  Kain. 
Wm.  Henry  Lewallen. 


Archibald  Scott. 
William  Shaw. 
Richard  C.  Schriner. 
William  H.  Snyder. 
Job  E.  Stockton. 
Stacy  G.  Stockton. 
Samuel  West. 
John  J.  White. 


22 


170 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  .TEESBY. 


The  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic. — 
All  honorably-discharged  soldiers  and  sailors 
who  have  served  in  the  army  or  navy  of  the 
United  States  are  entitled  to  membership  in 
the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  In  this 
respect  it  is  the  first  organization  of  its  kind 
effected  in  this  country  or  elsewhere.  Soon 
after  the  close  of  the  Revolution,  army  socie- 
ties were  formed  which  were  composed  of 
commissioned  officers  and  their  descendants. 

The  most  prominent  of  these  was  the  fam- 
ous Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  which  still  has 
an  existence.  Army  and  corps  organizations 
of  the  War  of  1812  and  of  the  Mexican  War 
have  existed  for  social  and  convivial  purposes; 
but  none  of  these  societies  named  have  been 
based  on  the  principle  of  mutual  aid  in  time 
of  need,  or  comprehended  purposes  so  exalted 
as  those  embraced  in  the  declaration  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  namely,  "  Fra- 
ternity, charity,  loyalty."  This  society,  whose 
purpose  is  to  band  together  the  men  who  wore 
the  blue  during  the  war,  originated  in  the 
West.  To  Colonel  B.  F.  Stephenson,  M.D., 
of  Springfield,  Illinois,  is  given  the  credit  of 
being  the  first  person  who  formulated  the 
plans  of  its  noble  aims.  The  first  post  was 
organized  at  Dakota,  Illinois,  in  1866.  The 
idea  of  extending  the  organization  was  com- 
municated to  many  army  associates.  A  State 
Department  Encampment  was  organized  in 
Illinois  on  the  12th  of  July,  1866,  under 
Colonel  Stephenson.  In  the  month  of  No- 
vember of  the  same  year  a  National  Encamp- 
ment was  organized  at  Indianapolis,  with 
representatives  present  from  nearly  all  the 
Northern  States.  These  encampments  have 
been  held  annually  since  then,  in  various  lo- 
calities of  the  Union.  The  State  became  di- 
vided into  districts,  and  the  organization  of 
posts  was  exceedingly  rapid.  Six  months 
after  the  date  of  the  formation  of  the  society 
forty  thousand  men  through  the  Northern 
States  were  enrolled  as  members.  The  first 
department  organization  in  the  State  of  New 
Jersey  was  effected  in  the  month  of  January, 


1868.  The  membership  of  the  order  in  this 
State  in  1884  was  reported  at  five  thousand 
two  hundred  and  seventy-nine.  The  entire 
membership  in  the  United  States  for  the  same 
year  was  two  hundred  and  thirty-three  thou- 
sand five  hundred  and  ninety-five.  Its  mem- 
bership is  now  estimated  at  three  hundred 
thousand,  more  than  one-fourth  of  the  sur- 
vivors of  the  war. 

Under  the  auspices  of  the  order  thousaud.s 
of  camp-fires,  fairs,  reunions  and  banquets 
have  been  held.  These  revive  the  sufferings 
and  sacrifices  and  recall  the  unwritten  history 
of  the  war.  At  these  meetings  no  rank  is 
recognized,  save  that  conferred  by  the  order, 
and  any  member  is  eligible  to  any  position  in 
its  gift. 

The  history  of  various  posts  now  existing 
in  the  city  and  county  of  Camden  are  here 
given,  according  to  the  date  organization. 

Thomas  M.  K.  Lee  Post,  No.  6,  of  Cam- 
den, was  organized  in  January,  1876,  in 
Camden,  with  eighty-five  charter-members. 
The  first  officers  of  the  post  were  as  fol- 
lows : 

Post  Commander,  Edmund  May  ;  Senior  Vice- 
Commander,  Samuel  Hufty;  Junior  Vice-Comman- 
der, George  W.  Gile ;  Surgeon,  James  A.  Arm- 
strong, M.D. ;  Chaplain,  August  H.  Lung  ;  Oificer 
of  the  Day,  Benjamin  Carlin  ;  Officer  of  the  Guard, 
Robert  B.  MoCowan;  Quartermaster,  Joseph  0. 
Nichols;  Adjutant,  Alexander  Nichols. 

At  the  first  meeting  of  the  post  it  was 
unanimously  decided  to  honor  a  gallant  soldier 
of  General  Philip  Kearny's  Second  Brigade, 
by  adopting  the  name  of  "  Thomas  M.  K. 
Lee  Post."  The  following  is  a  complete 
roster  of  this  post  for  1886  : 

Commander,  David  M.  Spence;  Senior  Vice, 
Benjamin  C.  Coles  ;  Junior  Vice,  William  Thomp- 
son ;  Adjutant,  J.  Kelly  Brown ;  Surgeon,  William 
P.  Hall ;  Officer  of  the  Day,  Samuel  Hufty ;  Officer 
of  the  Guard,  Joseph  W.  Ore ;  Chaplain,  Harry  L. 
Hartshorne ;  Quartermaster,  William  Whitely ; 
Quartermaster-Sergeant,  William  H.  Rightmire; 
Sergeant-Major,  William  Chandler. 

Comrades. 
John  S.  Adams.  W.  R.  Anderson. 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


171 


L.  Andrews. 
John  W.  Ayres. 
B.  T.  Barclay. 
John  Bamford. 
George  Barrett. 
Thomas  Bates,  Sr. 
Charles  F;  Bender. 
William  P.  Besser. 
James  C.  Blackwood. 
Edward  Blanck. 
William  Blanck,  Sr. 
George  W.  Blanck. 
William  Bovell. 
Charles  P.  Boyen 
David  B.  Brown. 
J.  Kelly  Brown. 
W.  M.  Burns. 
G.  W.  Burroughs. 
Benjamin  F.  Carlin. 
James  Carrigan. 
James  R.  Carson. 
J.  Caskey. 

Charles  B.  Capewell. 
William  H.  Chandler. 
Jesse  Chew. 
William  H.  H.  Clark. 
John  Clifford. 
Joseph  Cline. 
John  Coates,  Sr. 
John  W.  Coates, 
Benjamin  D.  Coley. 
Reuben  D.  Cole. 
William  H.  Cooper. 
Albert  G.  Crane. 
Charles  Cregar. 
John  Cromie. 
And.  J.  Cunningham. 
George  R.  Dannehower. 
George  F.  Deaves. 
John  Derry. 
Albert  C.  Dildine. 
John  W.  Donges. 
George  N.  Dresser. 
M.  S.  Ellis. 
Thomas  T.  Estworthy. 
Theodore  F.  Fields. 
Samuel  Flood. 
Joseph  B.  Fox. 
Henry  B.  Francis. 
B.  F.  Gault. 
George  W.  Gile. 
W.  E.  Gilling. 
William  Gleason. 
Thomas  R.  Grapevine. 
W.  S.  Grigg. 


William  P.  Hall. 
Leonard  S.  Hart. 
H.  L.  Hartshorn. 
Thomas  Harman. 
R.  G.  Hann. 
J.  Haynes. 

Charles  H.  Helmbold. 
A.  S.  Helms. 
S.  Henderson. 
Richard  N.  Herring. 
Robert  M.  Hillman. 
Charles  A.  Hotchkiss. 
Thomas  Hoy. 

Samuel  Hufty. 

David  W.  J.  Hutton. 

David  O.  Hunter. 

Mahlon  F.  Ivins. 

Samuel  Jackaway. 

Stephen  M.  Janney. 

Frank  S.  Jones. 

Charles  Kalt. 

Benjamin  L.  Kellum. 

Robert  King. 

William  H.  Kingley. 

Edward  D.  Knight. 

Frank  L.  Knight. 

Joseph  C.  Lee. 

Richard  H.  Lee. 

David  B.  Litzenberg. 

George  W.  Loughlin. 

William  Madison. 

Edward  W.  Madison. 

David  F.  Matthews. 

Edmund  May. 

William  T.  Mead. 

Jonas  Mellor. 

Matthew  Miller. 

Michael  Morgan. 

Daniel  B.  Murphy. 

Robert  B.  McCowan. 

Andrew  McCready. 

John  McMain. 

John  Noll. 

John  North,  Jr. 

Joseph  W.  Ore. 

William  M.  Palmer. 

Charles  N.  Pelouze. 

John  B.  Peters. 

William  H.  Rightmire. 

Clarence  L.  Ross. 

John  D.  Sargeant. 

Conrad  Schwoerer. 

George  W.  Scott. 

James  M.  Scovel. 

John  K.  Seagreaves. 


William  Thompson. 
Albert  F.  Tilton. 
Baker  D.  Tomlin. 
Zebulon  T.  Tompkins. 
John  L.  Topham. 
John  Trimble. 
John  F.  Tudor. 
George  Urban. 
Theodore  Verlander. 
Charles  H.  Walker. 
Samuel  S.  Weaver. 
William  H.  Wheaton. 
William  Whitely. 
Virgil  Willett. 
George  E.  Wilson. 
George  W.  Wood. 
William  T.  G.  Young. 
Charles  G.  Zimmerman. 


Junius  E.  Severance. 
William  J.  Sewell. 
James  H.  Shannon. 
William  H.  Shearman. 
Isaac  W.  Shinn. 
Samuel  E.  Sheetz. 
John  C.  Shute. 
Charles  Shivers,  Jr. 
William  L.  Skinner. 
William  H.  Simpson. 
William  B.  Smith. 
David  M.  Spence. 
Arthur  Stanley. 
William  H.  Stansberg. 
Charles  Steeger. 
William  Stillings. 
John  J.  Stone. 
James  M.  Stradling. 
H.  Genet  Taylor. 

Captain  Thomas  M.  K.  Lee,  Jb.,  early 
in  1861,  identified  himself  with  the  troops 
who  volunteered  from  the  city  of  Camden. 
He  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  F, 
Fourth  Regiment  New  Jersey  Volunteer 
Militia  ;  was  promoted  sergeant  and  served 
with  the  regiment  until  disharged  at  expir- 
ation of  term  of  service,  July  31,  1861.  He 
enlisted  August  9,  1861,  in  Company  I, 
Sixth  Regiment  New  Jersey  Volunteer  In- 
fantry, for  three  years.  September  9,  1861, 
he  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  of  the 
company ;  and,  on  January  16,  1863,  was 
comtpissioned  as  captain  of  Company  K  of 
his  regiment.  He  commanded  the  regiment 
from  Spottsylvania  Court-House,  Va.,  to 
North  Anna  River  ;  was  detailed  judge-ad- 
vocate on  the  staff  of  Brigadier-General  Mc- 
Allister, commanding  Third  Brigade,  Third 
Division,  Second  Army  Corps,  and  as  the 
same  under  Major-General  Gershom  Mott. 
He  was  mustered  out  with  his  regiment  Sep- 
tember 7,  1864. 

With  his  regiment  he  participated  in  the 
following  battles : 

Siege  of  Yorktown.Va.,  April  and  May,  1862; 
Williamsburg,  Va.,  May  5,  1862;  Fair  Oaks,  June 
1  and  2,  1862;  Seven  Pines,  Va.,  June  26,1862; 
Savage  Station,  Va.,  June  29,  1862 ;  Malvern  Hill, 
Va.,   July  1,1862;  Bristow  Station,  Va.,  August 


172 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


27, 1862  ;  Second  Bull  Eun,  August29, 1862;  Chan- 
tilly,  Va.,  September  1,  1862;  Centreville,  Va., 
September  2,  1862  ;  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  Decem- 
ber IS  and  14,  1862;  Chancellorsville,  Va.,May  3 
and  4, 1862  ;  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  July  2  and  3,  1863  ; 
Wapping  Heights,  Va.,  October  15  1863  ;  Mine 
Eun,  Va.,  November  29  and  30,  1863  ;  Wilderness, 
Va.,  May  5  to  7,  1864;  Spottsylvania,  Va.,  May  8 
to  11,  1864;  Spottsylvania  Uourt-House,  Va.,  May 
12  to  18,  1864 ;  North  Anna  Eiver,  Va.,  May  23  to 
24,  1864;  Tolopotomy  Creek,  Va.,  May  30,  1864  ; 
Cold  Harbor,  Va.,  June  1  to  5,  1864  ;  Petersburg, 
Va.,  June  16  to  23,  1864 ;  Deep  Bottom,  Va.,  July 
25  to  27, 1864;  Mine  Explosion,  Va.,  July  30, 1864 ; 
North  Bank  James  Eiver,  Va.,  August  14  to  18, 
1864;  Eeam's  Station,  Va.,  August  25,  1864  ;  was 
wounded  in  the  head  at  battle  of  Chancellorsville ; 
was  wounded  in  face  and  neck  at  battle  of  Spott- 
sylvania. 

He  returned  to  Camden  after  the  war  and 
was  elected,  in  1865,  as  county  clerk,  and 
held  the  position  for  five  years.  He  died 
December  10,  1873,  aged  thirty-seven  years, 
and  was  buried  in  Evergreen  Cemetery.  A 
wife  and  one  child  survive  him. 

William  B.  Hatch  Post,  No.  37,  of 
Camden,  was  instituted  and  chartered  No- 
vember 25,  1879,  with  eighty-one  members 
and  the  following  named  Post  officers : 

Post  Commander,  John  E.  Grubb;  Senior  Vice- 
Commander,  Eichard  J.  Eobertson  ;  Junior  Vice- 
Commander,  Daniel  J.  Fullen  ;  Surgeon,  Thomas 
G.  Eowand,  M.D. ;  Chaplain,  John  Quick  ;  Officer 
of  the  Day,  John  A.  Dall ;  Officer  of  the  Guard, 
Edmund  G.  Jackson,  Jr. ;  Quartermaster,  Chris.  J. 
Mines,  Jr. ;  Adjutant,  Benjamin  J.  Pierce  ;  Ser- 
geant-Major, William  A.  Tattern  ;  Quartermaster- 
Sergeant,  Willi'am  B.  E.  Miller. 

At  the  first  meeting  of  the  Post  it  was  de- 
cided by  a  unanimous  vote  to  name  it  in 
honor  of  the  late  Colonel  William  B.  Hatch, 
of  the  Fourth  Regiment.  When  Mrs.  C. 
Hatch,  the  mother  of  the  colonel,  was  in- 
formed that  the  post  had  honored  the  memory 
of  her  son  by  naming  it  after  him,  she  sent 
to  the  Post  the  following  response  : 

"  Camden,  N.  J.,   November  26th,  1879. 
"  John  E.  Grubb,  Post  Commander. 

"Dear  Sir,— It  will    afibrd   me   much 
pleasure  to  be  identified  with  Post  37;  G.  A.  R., 


named  in  honor  of  my  son,  William  B.  Hatch,  by 
allowing  me  to  present  to  the  same  its  colors.  The 
memory  of  my  son  is  ever  dear  to  me,  and,  while 
at  the  same  moment  I  may  have  thought  the  sac- 
rifice too  great  an  affliction,  yet  I  was  consoled 
by  the  fact  that  I  gave  him  up  that  this  Union 
might  be  preserved.  It  was  duty  and  patriotism 
that  called  him,  and  while  I  mourn  him  as  a  mother 
for  a  well-beloved  son,  yet  I  would  not  have  stayed 
him,  for  the  love  of  country  and  the  upholding  of 
this  glorious  Eepublic  is  what  every  mother  should 
instil  into  her  sons,  as  the  purest  and  holiest  spirit. 
Yours  truly, 

"  C.  Hatch." 

The  following  is  a  complete  roster  for  the 
year  1886: 

Post  Commander,  Benjamin  H.Connelly;  Senior 
Vice-Commander,  Adam  C.  Smith  ;  Junior  Vice- 
Commander,  William  Haegele;  Surgeon,  George 
Pfau  ;  Chaplain,  Samuel  Gaul;  Officer  of  the  Day, 
Eobert  Crawford  ;  Officer  of  the  Guard,  .John  D. 
Cooper ;  Quartermaster,  Samuel  J.  Fenner ;  Ad- 
jutant, William  B.  Summers;  Sergeant-Major, 
Stacy  H.  Bassett;  Quartermaster-Sergeant,  Otto 
K.  Lockhart. 

Comrades. 
Philip  Achenbach.  J.  Q.  Burniston. 

George  L.  All  chin.  George  Burton. 

Isaac  Albertson.  Frederick  Baser. 

Joseph  Applegate.  Thomas  L.  Bush. 

John  W.  Barclay.  William  Butcher. 

Martin  M.  Barney.  Isaac  B.  Buzby. 

Joseph  Baxter.  Edward  C.  Cattell. 

William  W.  Bennett.       Joseph  Cameron. 
Charles  L.  Bennett.  James  H.  Carey. 

Abel  Biddle.  William  Carey. 

George  K.  Biddle.  James  Chadwick. 

Henry  Bickering.  James  Chafey. 

John  Bieri.  George  M.  Chester. 

Robert  M.  Bingham.        James  D.  Chester. 
Socrates  T.  Bittle.  Lewis  L.  Chew. 

George  W.  Bittle.  Henry  S.  Chew. 

Benjamin  F,  Blizzard.  John  W.  Churn. 
Joseph  Borton.  Andrew  B.  Cline. 

Frederick  Bowers.  Charles  Clarke. 

Benjamin  M.  Braker.  Samuel  J.  Cook. 
John  Breyer.  Levi  E.  Cole. 

William  H.  Brians.  John  J.  Collins. 

Wm.  J.  Broadwater.  John  C.  Cooper. 
William  Broadwater.  John  W.  Cotner. 
John  Brown.  Thomas  L.  Conly. 

Harris  Brooks.  Harvey  M.  Cox. 

William  H.  Brooks.  Jason  S.  Cox. 

Joseph  F.  Bryan.  Harris  Crane. 

Joseph  Buddew.  Charles  Cress. 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


173 


Joel  G.  Gross. 
0.  0.  Cunningham. 
John  A.  Dall. 
John  Dalby. 
John  H.  Damon. 
Westley  Dare. 
John  E.  Dawson. 
Adam  T.  Dawson. 
James  L.  Davis. 
William  Davis. 
Amos  E.  Dease. 
Henry  Deford. 
Lewis  F.  Derousse. 
Michael  Devinney. 
Glendora  Devo. 
John  Digney. 
Joseph  Dilks. 
William  A.  Dobbins. 
George  W.  Dunlap. 
Christopher  Ebele. 
Godfrey  Eisenhart. 
John  Elberson. 
Charles  Elwell. 
Charles  Eminecker. 
John  Esler. 
John  H.  Evans. 
John  J.  Early. 
Aaron  B.  Eacritt. 
Charles  S.  Tackier. 
James  Fanington. 
James  A.  Farraday. 
John  H.  Farry. 
John  Faughey. 
Wm.  H.  Fenlin. 
George  G.  Felton. 
George  W.  Ferguson. 
Charles  W.  Fish. 
Israel  L.  Fish. 
James  Finnan. 
Samuel  B.  Fisher. 
Edward  L.  Fisher. 
Ephraim  B.  Fithian. 
Jacob  T.  Fisher. 
Edward  Fitzer. 
Samuel  Flock. 
Leonard  Flor. 
John  Fox. 
John  S.  Fox. 
H.  H.  Franks. 
Chas.  B.  Frazer. 
Thomas  J.  Francis. 
Samuel  W.  Gahan. 
Chas.  H.  Gale. 
James  Galbraith. 
Thomas  Garman. 


Harry  Garren. 
John  W.  Garwood. 
Josiah  Garrison. 
John  B.  Gaskill. 
Richard  Gaunt. 
Wm.  German. 
Christopher  Getsinger. 
Christopher  Gitney. 
Jacob  Giffens. 
Albert  Gilbert. 
James  Gillen. 
Wm.  GilBns. 
C.  C.  Greany. 
Charles  Green. 
W.  H.  Griffin. 
Louis  Grosskops. 
William  Grindrod. 
John  R.  Grubb. 
Mark  H.  Guest. 
John  Guice. 
Alfred  Haines. 
Charles  G.  Haines. 
Japhet  Haines. 
George  F,  Hammond. 
Charles  Hall. 
Solon  R.  Hankinson. 
Samuel  P.  Hankinson. 
James  Hanson. 
Charles  Haunans. 
H.  A.  Hartranft. 
Mahlon  Harden. 
William  F.  Harper. 
George  W.  Hayter. 
Samuel  B.  Harbeson. 
J.  T.  Hazleton. 
H.  Heinman. 
James  Henderson. 
William  H.  Heward. 
Franklin  Hewitt. 
James  T.  Hemmingway. 
Charles  Hewitt. 
Edward  K.  Hess. 
Samuel  B.  Hickman. 
George  Higgens. 
Ephraim  Hillman. 
C.  M.  Hoagland. 
Gaudaloupe  Holl. 
William  A.  Holland. 
Isaac  K.  Horner. 
Count  D.  G.  Hogan. 
William  H.  Howard. 
Baxter  Howe. 
Allen  Hubbs. 
Charles  G.  Hunsinger. 
Presmel  D.  Hughes. 


I.  N.  Hugg. 
Sebastian  Hummell. 
Edward  Hutchinson. 
C.  Innes. 
Alfred  Ivins. 
Benjamin  Ivins. 
E.  G.  Jackson,  Sr. 
E.  G.  Jackson,  Jr. 
Thomas  Jameson. 
George  Jauss. 
William  P.  Jenkins. 
James  L.  Johnson. 
Alfred  Jones. 

B.  F.  Jones. 
William  Joline. 
Charles  Joseph. 
Charles  Justice. 

C.  H.  Kain. 
R.  R.  Kates. 
Benjamin  Kebler. 
Frank  Kebler. 
Peter  Keen. 
Henry  N.  Killian. 
J.  W.  Kinsey. 

C.  H.  Knowlton. 
Thomas  W.  Krips. 
Joseph  H.  Large. 
John  R.  Leake. 
John  Lecroy. 
Charles  Leonhardt. 
George  W.  Locke. 
R.  J.  Long. 
Charles  L.  Lukens. 
J.  H.  Lupton. 
Valentine  Machemer. 
Edward  Macloskey. 
Edward  A.  Martin. 
William  P.  Marsh. 
John  Mapes. 
William  Mead. 
William  Metcalf. 
E.  A.  Meyer. 
C.  Meyers. 
George  Meilor. 
C.  A.  Michener. 
William  B.  E.  Miller. 
Jacob  Miller. 
W.  D.  Miller. 
Samuel  Mills. 
William  W.  Mines. 
Christopher  J.  Mines. 
George  Molesbury. 
William  Moran. 
Edward  More. 
Richard  Morgan. 


John  F.  Moore. 
S.  H.  Moyer. 
Jacob  L.  Morton. 
John  Muir. 
John  J.  Mnrphy. 
Isaac  Murray. 
Charles  Myers. 
W.  H.  McAllister. 
James  McCracken. 
Edward  C.  McDowell. 
Hugh  McGrogan. 
H.  M.  Mcllvaine. 
W.  P.  McKillip. 
W.J.McNeir. 
Lewis  McPherson. 
R.  McPherson. 
Jacob  Naglee. 
William  Naphas. 
Antonio  Nosardi. 
Robert  O'Keefe. 
John  S.  Owens. 
Robert  Owens. 
Edward  H.  Pancoast. 
James  Pancoast. 
Robert  B.  Patterson. 
William  Patterson. 
E.  W.  Pease. 
John  B.  Pepper. 
Joel  Perrine. 
John  Peterson. 
D.  E.  Peugh. 
Frederick  Phile. 
Samuel  B.  Pine. 
William  M.  Pine. 
Adon  Powell. 
John  Powell. 
John  Portz. 
J.  B.  Prucelle. 
John  Quick. 
S.  E.  Radcliffe. 
I.  C.  Randolph. 
James  A.  Regens. 
Philip  Reilly. 
Charles  P.  Reynolds. 
Alexander  Rhodes. 
Benjamin  F.  Richard. 
Andrew  Ridgway. 
Benjamin  Bobbins. 
Edward  C.  Roberts. 
James  Roberts. 
Richard  J.  Robertson. 
William  B.  Robertson. 
Isaac  Rogers. 
John  Rogers. 
William  H.Rogers. 


174 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


George  F.  Thome. 
Wesley  Thorn. 
Thomas  W.  Thornely. 
Alexander  W.  Titus. 
Joseph  Tompkins. 
J.  E.  Troth. 
Isaac  C  Toone. 
Samuel  Tyler. 
Jacob  M.  Van  Nest. 
Albert  Vansciver. 
Joseph  Wakeman. 
Theodore  F.  Walker. 
Charles  Walton. 
George  Walton. 
Joseph  Welsh. 
David  Watson. 
George  W.  WentHng. 
Edward  West. 
Elmer  M.  West. 
George  Weyman. 
Wilmer  Whillden. 
James  Whittaker. 
Samuel  Wickward- 
Amos  P.  Wilson. 
G.  A.  Wilson. 
Richard  Wilson. 

D.  H.  Wilson. 
Calvin  T.  Williams. 
George  W.  Williams. 
William  H.  Williams. 
John  Williams. 
Samuel  Winner. 
George  Wispert. 
John  W.  Wood. 
Joseph  Woodfleld. 
Walter  Wolf  kill. 

E.  W.  Wolverton. 
Elijah  Worthington. 
C.  M.  Wright. 
George  B.  Wright. 
Henry  8.  Wright. 
Wesley  T.  Wright. 
William  Zane. 


Thomas  G.  Rowand. 
Sebastian  Schaub. 
Maurice  Schmidt. 
Christian  K.  Schallers. 
James  Schofield. 
George  W.  Scott. 
John  R.  Scott. 
John  M.  Shemelia. 
Edward  M.  Siemers. 
John  Simmons. 
Benjamin  F.  Shinn. 
Thomas  Sheeran. 
James  Shield. 
Charles  Smith. 
George  H.  Smith. 
William  W.  Smith. 
Charles  S.  Small. 
Adolph  Snow. 
W.  Souder. 
Francis  Souders. 
Robert  Sparks. 
David  C.  Sprowl. 
Alfred  L.  Sparks. 
Abraham  Springer. 
George  W.  Stewart. 
William  L.  Stevenson. 
Thomas  G.  Stephenson. 
.Samuel  R.  Stockton. 
Thomas  Stockton. 
Henry  Strick. 
E.  J.  Strickland. 
Thomas  H.  Stone. 
Charles  String. 
George  F.  Stull. 
George  W.  Swaney. 
Crosby  Sweeten. 
William  A.  Tatem. 
William  F.  Tarr. 
Thomas  S.  Tanier. 
G.  R.  Tenner. 
Charles  L.  Test. 
Leonard  Thomas. 
Benjamin  Thomas- 
Henry  C.  Thomas. 

The  Post  meets  every  Thursday  evening 
in  their  own  G.  A.  R.  Hall,  on  Stevens 
Street,  below  Fifth  Street. 

Colonel  William  B.  Hatch  was  the 
son  of  the  late  William  B.  Hatch,  of  Cam- 
den. As  a  youth  he  developed  a  fondness 
for  military  life.  After  his  father's  death 
he  visited  Europe,  and  spent  several  months 
in  observation  of  the  military  systems  of  the 


Continent.  Upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  late 
war  he  was  appointed  adjutant  of  the  Fourth 
Regiment  New  Jersey  Militia,  under  Colonel 
Miller,  and  served  with  that  regiment  iu 
the  three  months'  service.  Upon  the  organ- 
ization of  the  Fourth  New  Jersey  Volunteer 
Regiment  for  the  three  years'  service  he  was 
offered  and  accepted  the  commission  of  major 
of  the  regiment,  and  very  soon  after  was 
commissioned  lieutenant-colonel.  With  the 
Fourth  Regiment  he  served  under  Generals 
Kearny  and  Taylor,  and  as  a  part  of  General 
Franklin's  division,  Sedgewick's  Sixth  Army 
Corps.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the  Peninsula 
campaign  under  General  McClellan.  At  the 
battle  of  Gaines'  Mills  the  Fourth  Regiment 
fought  bravely  for  hours,  but  were  finally 
surrounded  and  captured  by  the  enemy,  with 
his  fellow-officers  and  companions.  Colonel 
Hatch  was  carried  a  prisoner  to  Richmond, 
where  for  many  weeks  he  sustained  the 
horrors  of  the  rebel  prison.  After  being 
exchanged  he  rejoined  his  regiment,  and  soon 
after  was  commissioned  its  colonel.  His 
commissions  date  as  follows  :  Major  of  the 
Fourth  Regiment  New  Jersey  Volunteers, 
August  17,  1861  ;  lieutenant-colonel,  Sep- 
tember 7,  1861 ;  and  colonel,  August  28, 
1862.  He  participated  with  his  regiment  in 
the  following  engagements : 

West  Point,  Va.,  May  7,  '62  ;  Gaines'  Mill,  Va., 
June  27,  '62;  Manassas,  Va.,  August  27,  ]62; 
Chantilly,  Va.,  September  1,  '62  ;  Crampton's  Pass, 
Md.,  September  14,  '62  ;  Antietam,  Md.,  Septem- 
ber 17,  '62  ;  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  December  13,  '62. 

In  this  last  battle  he  fell  mortally  wounded 
at  the  head  of  his  regiment,  while  leading 
them  to  the  attack  upon  the  enemy's  works. 
He  was  conveyed  to  the  field  hospital  near 
Falmouth,  Va.,  where  his  leg  was  ampu- 
tated. He  died  two  days  later,  on  December 
15,  1862,  and  his  remains  were  returned  to 
Camden  and  interred  in  the  cemetery.  To 
such  an  extent  had  he  gained  the  love  and 
appreciation  of  his  command  that  they 
collected  in  the  field  six  hundred  dollars,  and 


THE  WAR  FOR  THE  UNION. 


175 


purchased  and  presented  to  him  a  beautiful 
dapple  gray  horse  called ±he  "Grey  Warrior," 
which  afterwards  becanae  the  property  of 
General  A.  T.  A.  Torbert.  This  famous 
horse  died  at  General  Torbert's  home  in 
Delaware  in  1882. 

The  Loyal  Ladies'  League. — Hatch 
League,  No.  2,  L.  L.  L.,  auxiliary  to  Wil- 
liam B.  Hatch  Post,  No.  37,  Grand  Army  of 
the  Republic,  was  instituted  in  Camden  in 
January,  1873,  with  forty-two  charter  mem- 
bers. The  object  of  the  association  is  to 
unite  in  fraternal  bonds  the  families  of 
honorably  discharged  soldiers  and  sailors 
who  served  during  the  Civil  War,  to  aid  the 
Post  in  whatever  way  assistance  may  be 
needed,  and  to  aid  in  keeping  sacred  the 
solemnities  of  Decoration  Day. 

In  the  interest  of  William  B.  Hatch  Post 
the  League  has  instituted  and  held  three  fairs, 
five  bean  suppers,  one  Japanese  tea  party,  two 
dairy-maid  festivals,  twelve  sociables  and 
two  fruit  festivals.  The  proceeds  of  these 
entertainments,  amounting  to  three  thousand 
five  hundred  and  twenty-nine  dollars,  were 
paid  over  to  the  Post  by  the  finance  com- 
mitttee  of  the  League.  In  addition  to  this, 
the  League  has  presented  the  Post  with  a 
large  and  valuable  collection  of  relics  from 
the  battle-field  of  Gettysburg,  and  has 
assisted  in  purchasing  and  furnishing  the 
Post  hall,  on  Stevens  Street,  below  Fifth. 

The  following  is  a  complete  roster  of  the 
League  at  this  date  (1886)  : 

President,  Emma  L.  Devinney ;  S.  V.,  Emeline 
Howe;  J.  V.,  Mary  A.  Stockton;  secretary, Mattie 
B.  Garrison  ;  treasurer,  Mary  A.  Guest ;  chaplain, 
Harriet  G.  Williams ;  Conductress,  Emma  Rohr- 
man ;  Guard,  Mary  Elwell.  . 

Members. 
Ida  L.  Achenbach.  Lizzie  Butcher. 

Louisa  Allen.  Mary  Jane  Cooper. 

Theresa  Anderson.  Elizabeth  Cope. 

Kate  Baker.  Mary  E.  Corcoran. 

Fannie  Bennett.  Cornelia  Cox. 

Ellen  Biddle.  Emma  Dease. 

Rebecca  Bovell.  Rebecca  Eldridge. 

Amanda  Butcher.  Mary  A.  Elwell. 


Mary  Fenton. 
Susan  Franks. 
Mattie  B.  Garrison. 
Emma  Gaskill. 
Ellen  Gleason. 
Dilwinna  Greenwood. 
Anna  E.  Grubb. 
Mary  Guest. 
Annie  M.  Hagele. 
Mary  E.  Hankinson. 
Sallie  A.  Hankinson. 
Mary  V.  Hewitt. 
Kate  Holt. 
Henrietta  Holland. 
Hannah  Horner. 
Emeline  C.  Howe. 
Sallie  D.  Hugg. 
Emmalvins. 
Hannah  G.  Ivins. 
Elizabeth  Jobes. 
Catherine  Johnson. 
Priscilla  Johnson. 
Annie  E.  Johnson. 
Emily  Kinsey. 
Nellie  Lane. 
Annie  Lang. 
Arietta  Lewis. 
Mary  E.  Lupton. 


Laura  McNeir. 
Elizabeth  McLaughlin. 
Imogene  Meyers. 
Ada  Miller. 
Ray  Milliette, 
Mary  E.  Moffit. 
Rebecca  Nelson. 
Mary  Parsons. 
Mary  Pine. 
Elizabeth  Portz. 
Anna  M.  Quick. 
Ruth  Ross. 
Emma  Reigens. 
Hannah  Robinson. 
Lydia  Eoray. 
Rachel  Sinkinson. 
Annie  Smick. 
Jennie  Smith. 
Maria  F.  Smith. 
Amanda  Stratton. 
Fannie  Strickland. 
Minnie  T.  Summers. 
Amanda  Thomas. 
Keturah  Tenner. 
Hannah  Vanhart. 
Sarah  A.  Wakeman. 
Anna  E.  Walker. 
Ellen  Walton. 


Amanda  Mason. 

Department  Officers :  Mrs.  Anna  E.  Grubb,  depart- 
ment president;  Mrs.  Laura  McNeir,  department 
secretary. 

Past  Presidents :  Mrs.  Sarah  D.  Hugg,  Mrs. 
Mattie  B.  Garrison. 

The  League  meets  every  Tuesday  evening 
in  Grand  Army  Hall,  Stevens  Street,  below 
Fifth  Street. 

William  P.  Robeson  Post,  No.  51,  of 
Camden  (the  first  post  in  New  Jersey  com- 
posed of  colored  soldiers),  was  instituted  and 
organized  June  28,  1881,  with  twenty-five 
charter  members. 

The  following  is  a  complete  roster  of  the 
Post  at  this  date  (1886) :  Past  Commanders, 
W.  S.  Darr  and  W.  A.  Drake  ;  Post  Com- 
mander, Miles  Bishop  ;  Senior  Vice,  Chas. 
Jones ;  Junior  Vice,  Ezekiel  Jones  ;  Surgeon, 
George  Lodine ;  Chaplain,  August  Westcott ; 
Adjutant,  Charles  Accoo  ;  Officerof  theDay, 
Anthony  Austin  ;  Officer  of  the  Guard,  George 
Bishop  ;  Quartermaster,  John   C.  Richard- 


176 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


son  ;  Quartermaster-Sergeant,  Joseph  Rice  ; 
Sergeant-Major,  George  H.  Watson.  The 
other  members  are  Jas.  Wiltbanks,  Nathaniel 
Ingram,  Wm.  Ingram,  Wm.  M.  Butts,  Wm. 
Smith,  Hezekiah  Wrench,  Benj.  Stewart, 
Elijali  Hammitt,  Chas.  Barnes,  Shepherd 
Pitts,  Chas.  Woolford,  Elijah  Pipinger, 
Thomas  Ryan,  George  F.  Johnson,  Charles 
Ford. 

The  Post  meets  in  Lee's  Hall,  corner  of 
Broadwaj'  and  Atlantic  Avenue. 

General  William  P.  Robeson,  Jr., 
enlisted  early  in  1861,  and  was  enrolled  with 
the  first  brigade  of  three  years'  troops  which 
left  the  State  of  New  Jersey.  On  May  28, 
1861,  he  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant 
of  Company  E.,  Third  Regiment,  New  Jersey 
Volunteers,  General  Kearny's  First  Brigade. 
He  was  promoted  to  captain  of  the  same 
company  August  13,  1862.  While  with  the 
Third  Regiment  he  participated  in  the  fol- 
lowing engagements : 

First  Bull  Bun,  Va.,  July  21,  1861 ;  Munson's 
Hill,  Va.,  August  31,  1861 ;  West  Point,  Va.,  May 
7,  1862 ;  Gaines'  Farm,  Va.,  June  27, 1862  ;  Charles 
City  Cross-Eoads,  Va.,  Juue  30,  1862 ;  Malvern 
Hill,  Va.,  July  1,  1862 ;  Manassas,  Va.,  August 
27,  1862;  Chantilly,  Va.,  September  1,  1862; 
Crampton's  Hill,  Md.,  September  14, 1862;  Antie- 
tarn,  Md.,  September  17,  1862 ;  Fredericksburg, 
Va.,  December  13  and  14,  1862 ;  Second  Fred- 
ericksburg, Va.,  May  8, 1863  ;  Salem  Heights,  Va., 
May  3  and  4,  1863 ;  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  July  2  and  3, 
1863  ;  Fairfield,  Pa.,  July  5,  1863 ;  Williamsport, 
Md.,  July  6,  1863  ;  Funktown,  Md.,  July  12,  1863  ; 
Rappahannock  Station,  Va.,  October  12,  1863 ; 
Rappahannock  Station,  Va.,  November  7,  1863  ; 
Mine  Run,  Va.,  November  30,  1863. 

After  the  last-named  battle  he  was  pro- 
moted and  commissioned  as  major  of  the 
Third  New  Jersey  Cavalry,  on  December  28, 
1863.  He  was  promoted  to  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  regiment  September  23,  1864, 
and  as  colonel  August  4,  1865,  and  received 
a  commission  as  brevet  brigadier-general, 
dating  back  to  April  1, 1865,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  in  the  battles  of  Five 
Forks  and  South  Side  Railroad,  Va.     He  re- 


turned to  his  home  in  Camden  after  the  war, 
and  became  a  member  of  William  B.  Hatch 
Post,  No.  37,  G.  A.  R.  He  died  August  18, 
1881,  and  was  buried  at  Relvidere,  New 
Jersey. 

John  Willi  an  Post,  No.  71,  of  Glou- 
cester, was  chartered  November  8,  1882,  with 
the  following-named  comrades  : 

Charles  F.  Lindsay.  Samuel  English. 

William  Butler.  Aden  W.  Powell. 

Thomas  Black.  James  M.  Chapman. 

Richard  E.  Allen.  John  Harrison. 

John  E.  Miller.  William  M.  Lanagan. 

Frederick  Tyas.  Benj.  F.  Upham. 

John  Kochersperger.  Lewis  H.  Eiley. 

John  Lincoln.  Wm.  C.  Hawkins. 

Elwood  Fisher.  John  Dayton. 

Walter  W.  Larkins.  Stewart  Harkins. 

William  A.  Cahill.  John  M.  Eapp. 

William  Green.  Joseph  Cheeseman. 

Archibald  Wallace.  James  Stitson. 

John  O.  Hines.  Franklin  Adams. 

The  officers  were, — Commander,  Wm. 
Lanagan  ;  S.  V.  C,  Stewart  Hawkins ;  J. 
V.  C,  John  Harrison ;  Adjutant,  John  0. 
Hines,  Surgeon,  R.  R.  Allen ;  Chaplain, 
Elwood  Fisher;  Q.-M.,  John  Kocher- 
sperger ;  O.  of  D.,  James.  M.  Chapman ; 
O.  of  G.,  Lewis  H.  Riley;  Q.-M.-S.,  B.  F. 
Upham.  The  Past  Commanders  have  been 
Wm.  N.  Lanagan,  Wm.  C.  Hawkins, 
Archibald  Wallace,  Walter  W.  Larkin  and 
the  corps  of  officers  for  1886  :  G,  R.  R.  Al- 
len ;  S.  V.  G,  Frederick  Tyas ;  J.  V.  C, 
Merrick  Carr ;  A.,  Charles  M.  McCracken  ; 
Q.-M.,  B.  F.  Upham ;  Chaplain,  Samuel 
Barwis ;  Surgeon,  Wm.  C.  Hawkins ;  0.  of 
D.,  Lewis  H.  Riley.  This  Post  has  twenty- 
two  members.  It  was  named  after  Brevet- 
General  John  Willian,  who  enlisted  as 
second  lieutenant  in  the  Sixth  New  Jersey 
Volunteers  in  1861,  and  was  promoted  for 
meritorious  service. 

Van  IjEER  Post,  No.  36,  of  Glouces- 
ter, was  organized  November  13,  1880,  by 
Department  Commander  Samuel  Hufty. 
The  original  officers  were:  P. C,  John  P. 
Booth  ;    S.  V.  C,  John  W.  Wright ;    J.  V. 


THE  WAR  FOK  THE  UNION. 


177 


C,  Frank  W.  Pike  ;  O.  of  D.,  Alexander 
Harvey;  Q.  M.,  William  C.  Hawkins; 
Adjt,  Benjamin  Sands ;  O.  of  G.,  John 
McCormick.  The  Past  Commanders  have 
been  John  P.  Booth,  John  W.  Wright, 
Alexander  Harvey,  Lawrence  Nutt,  John 
Graham,  William  Miller.  The  officers  for 
1886  are:  C,  Charles  H.  Barnard  ;  S.  V. 
C,  James  Cooney ;  J.  V.  C,  James  McCaf- 
ferty;  Adjt.,  Benjamin  Sands;  Q.  M.,  Wm. 
Miller ;  O.  of  D.,  William  Gideon ;  O.  of  G., 
Alexander  Ferguson  ;  Chaplain,  John  Berg- 
man ;  Surgeon,  Christopher  Ottinger. 

The  Post  was  named  after  Colonel  John 
P.  Van  Leer,  who  was  first  lieutenant  of  a 
company  of  three  months'  men,  enrolled  in 
Gloucester  three  days  after  Fort  Sumter  was 
fired  on,  and  on  returning  he  was  made  ma- 
jor of  the  Sixth  Regimeni  of  the  three  years' 
men,  promoted  lieutenant-colonel,  and  his 
commission  as  colonel  was  on  its  way  to  him 
when  he  was  killed  at  Williamsburg.  Geo. 
E.  Wilson,  of  Camden,  is  an  honorary  mem- 
ber of  this  Post.  He  was  captain  in  the  com- 
pany with  John  P.  Van  Leer,  and  was,  like 
his  comrade,  conspicuous  for  his  bravery. 
Quite  a  number  of  the  comrades  of  Van 
Leer  Post  rose  from  the  ranks  to  positions  of 
trust. 

Thomas  H.  Davis  Post,  No.  53,  of 
Haddonfield,  received  a  charter  July  16, 
1882,  and  was  organized  a  few  days  later, 
with  twenty  members,  at  Clement  Hall,  in 
that  township.  In  the  summer  of  1884  the 
Post  purchased  the  Hillman  School  building 
on  Chestnut  Street,  and  fitted  it  for  a  hall, 
and  in  November  of  that  year  occupied  it  as 
their  place  of  meeting. 

The  officers  at  organization  were, — 

P.O.,  Henry  D.Moore;  S.  V.  C,  Richard  E. 
Elwell;  J.  V.  C,  Henry  McConnell ;  Adjutant, 
William  F.  Milliman ;  Quartermaster,  Walter 
Wayne;  Officer  of  Day,  Peter  K.  Eldridge;  Officer 
of  Guard,  J.  Collins  Baker;  Surgeon,  James  P. 
Young ;  Chaplain,  R.  W.  Budd. 

The  Post  Commanders  who  have  served  to 
23 


the  present  time  have  been  H.  D.  Moore,  R.  E. 
Elwell  and  James  M.  Latimer.  The  mem- 
bership is  about  fifty,  and  the  present  officers 
are, — 

P.  C,  W.  H.  Oakley  ;  S.  V.  C,  R.  Wilkins  Budd  ; 
J.  V.  C,  J.  O.  Lee;  Adjutant,  R.  E.  Elwell;  Quarter- 
master, Gilbert  L.  Day ;  Officer  of  Day,  Richard 
Plum;  Officer  of  Guard,  Patrick  Haughey  ;  Chap- 
lain, Samuel  A.  Bates ;  Surgeon,  Joseph  P.  Busha ; 
Quartermaster-Sergeant,  Alfred  Anderson. 

The  biography  and  portrait  of  Colonel 
Thomas  H.  Davis,  after  whom  this  Post  was 
named,  will  be  found  in  the  history  of  the 
War  for  the  Union. 


Jacob  Asay. 
Miles  Bates. 
Robert  Bates. 
J.  C.  Baker. 


Comrades. 

James  M.  Latimer. 
Henry  D.  Moore. 
Jacob  R.  Miller. 
Davis  Marshall. 


George  H.  Backley. 
J.  G.  Bowker. 
John  William  Boyd. 
Joseph  Biizby. 
Richard  Baxter. 
Restore  Crispin. 
H.  C.  Cuthbert. 
William  Cobb. 
Henry  Day. 
John  Dowdrick. 
William  H.  Fowler. 
Josiah  Fowler. 
Hiram  Fish. 
Jacob  Gehring. 
George  Harley. 
I.  K.  Haines. 
Alfred  Hall. 
Thomas  Caldwell. 


Thomas  McManus. 
Edward  F.  Magill. 
G.  Norton. 
George  M.  Newkirk. 
Isaiah  Kellum. 
Joel  S.  Perkins. 
William  Pittiuger. 
William  F.  Milliman. 
John  B.  Rumford. 
Lewis  Ristine. 
Julius  Smith. 
Charles  H.  Smith. 
J.  R.  Stevenson. 
George  Sloan. 
O.  B.  Tiffiiny. 
Walter  Wayne. 
William  Wagner. 
David  D.  Winner. 


William  R.  Jones. 

The  Sons  of  Veterans  is  a  society  com- 
posed of  descendants  of  soldiers  of  the  late 
war.  Camp  No.  1,  Sons  of  Veterans,  of 
Camden,  was  organized  with  nineteen  mem- 
bers, December  21,  1881,  by  Comrade  Rob- 
ert Crawford,  first  colonel  of  the  New  Jersey 
Division.  The  object  of  the  association  is 
to  keep  ever  fresh  and  green  the  memory  of 
their  fathers'  sacrifice  in  the  battles  of  the 
Civil  War. 

The  following  is  a  complete  roster  of  the 
officers  and  members  at  this  date  (1886) : 


178 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Captain,  Stacy  Nevins ;  First  Lieutenant, 
Samuel  Gahan  ;  Second  Lieutenant,  E.  E.  Kiger  ; 
Quartermaster,  L.  R.  Jackson  ;  Chaplain,  Albert 
Wolf;  Orderly-Sergeant,  Wm.  Lafferty;  Color- 
Sergeant,  George  Nevins ;  Sergeant  of  Guard,  A. 
R.  Lease;  Corporal  of  Guard,  F.  Fernandes; 
Camp  Guard,  Harry  Siberlist. 

Members. 
William  D.  Brown.  E.  E.  Jefferies. 

E.  H.  Bates.  C.  W.  Jones. 

John  C.  Cooper.  C.  E.  McAdams, 

Howard  Cooper.  James  Myers. 

Robert  Crawford.  A.  Pfiel. 

Frederick  Fenner.  George  Reigens. 

H.  Horton.  Wm.  Sheridan. 

Charles  Walton,  Jr. 

The  Camp  hold  their  meetings  in  G.  A. 
R.  Hall  of  Colonel  William  B.  Hatch  Post. 

Sixth  Regiment,  National  Guards. — 
In  1869  there  were  but  two  military  com- 
panies connected  with  the  State  militia,  one 
in  the  city  of  Camden  and  one  in  Burlington. 
By  an  act  of  the  Legislature,  approved  in 
March,  1869,  the  old  militia  system  of  the 
State  was  abolished  and  a  new  law  passed 
organizing  the  National  Guard.  By  an  or- 
der from  headquarters  the  two  companies 
mentioned  were  constituted  the  Fifth  Battal- 
ion of  the  Third  Brigade  of  the  National 
Guard  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  and  E.  G. 
Jackson  was  commissioned  as  major  and  as- 
sumed command  of  the  battalion.  In  1870 
three  additional  companies  were  immediately 
formed  and  added  to  the  organization,  thus 
constituting  it  a  full  battalion,  and  the  fol- 
lowing staff  officers  were  appointed  :  Adju- 
tant, Solon  R.  Hankinson  ;  Paymaster,  Wil- 
liam B.  Sexton  ;  Quartermaster,  Jacob  Hill ; 
Surgeon,  H.  Genet  Taylor,  M.D. ;  Assistant- 
Surgeon,  J.  Orlando  White,  M.D. ;  and  Chap- 
lain, Rev.  William  H.  Jeiferys.  Adjutant 
Hankinson  resigned,  and  in  January,  1870, 
Daniel  B.  Murphy  was  commissioned  first 
lieutenant  and  adjutant  of  the  battalion. 

In  August,  1870,  another  company  was 
organized  at  Atlantic  City  and  added  to  the 
battalion,  thus  creating  a  necessity  for  a  reg- 
imental organization,  and,   accordingly,  the 


Sixth  Regiment  was  organized,  and  Colonel 
James  M.  Scovel,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Wil- 
liam H.  Hemsing  and  Major  Richard  H.  Lee 
were  elected  field  officers.  The  command- 
ants of  the  regiment  have  been  Colonel  Wil- 
liam J.  Sewell,  elected  1873,  and  Colonel  E. 
Burd  Grubb,  1877.  The  field  officers  elected 
in  1882  were  :  Colonel,  William  H.  Cooper; 
Lieutenant-Colonel,  J.  C.  Lee ;  and  Major, 
G.  W.  Smith.  The  regiment  was  called  out 
in  August,  1877,  to  suppress  the  labor  riots 
at  Phillipsburg,  N.  J.,  and  continued  on  duty 
seventeen  days.  Company  K,  of  Vineland, 
became  a  part  of  this  regiment  March  14, 
1876,  and  Company  E,  of  Woodbury,  March 
22,  1880. 

The  headquarters  of  the  regiment  is  the 
Sixth  Regiment  Armory,  corner  of  West 
Street  and  Mickle,  formerly  the  opera-house 
of  Camden,  which  was  bought  by  the  regi- 
ment June  9,  1883,  and  for  which  they  paid 
thirty-five  thousand  dollars.  All  of  the 
apartments  of  the  armory  are  complete,  neat- 
ly arranged  and  handsomely  furnished.  The 
field  and  staff  officers  appointed  when  the 
regiment  was  first  formed,  in  1870,  were  as 
follows : 

Field  Officers. — Colonel,  James  M.  Scovel ;  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel, William  H.  Hemsing  ;  Major, 
Richard  H.  Lee. 

Staff  Officers. — Adjutant,  Daniel  B.  Murphy; 
Quartermaster,  William  M.  Palmer;  Paymaster, 
William  B.  Sexton  ;  Surgeon,  H.  Genet  Taylor, 
M.D.;  Assistant  Surgeon,  J.  Orlando  White,  M.D.; 
Chaplain,  Rev.  William  H.  Jefferys. 

The  field  and  staff  officers  for  1886  are, — 

Field  Officers. —  Colonel,  William  H.  Cooper ; 
Lieutenant-Colonel,  George  W.  Smith ;  Major,  Wil- 
liam H.  Stansbury. 

Staff  Officers. — Adjutant,  George  S.  Counter; 
Quartermaster,  George  G.  Felton ;  Paymaster,  Na- 
than Haines  ;  Surgeon,  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  M.D.; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  George  T.  Robinson,  M.D.; 
Chaplain,  Clarence  A.  Adams ;  Judge  Advocate, 
Franklin  C.  Woolman ;  Rifle-Practice  Inspector, 
De  Lancey  G.  Walker. 

The  line  officers  of  the  th  ree  companies  of 
Camden  are, — 


THE  ERECTION  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY. 


179 


Company  B. —  Captain,  Robert  M.  Hillman ; 
First  Lieutenant,  Jesse  H.  Carey ;  Second  Lieu- 
tenant, William  P.  Mockett. 

Comparay  C— Captain,  W.  B.  E.  Miller;  First 
Lieutenant,  Charles  C.  Walz ;  Second  Lieuten- 
ant, John  Miller. 

Company  D. — Captain,  Charles  S.  Barnard ;  First 
Lieutenant,  George  C.  Randall ;  Second  Lieuten- 
ant, Charles  H.  Turner. 

Gatling  GujST  Company  B,  of  Camden, 
was  organized  in  1878  under  the  new  law  pro- 
viding for  the  organization  of  two  companies 
of  infantry  to  be  drilled  in  the  use  of  Gatling 
guns.  Captain  E.  D.  French  was  the  prime 
mover  in  its  organization  and  the  first  com- 
mandant. The  membership  was  recruited 
principally  from  old  Battery  B.  The  artil- 
lery uniform  was  worn,  and  in  addition  to 
the  Catlings,  the  company  was  armed  with 
rifles  and  sabres. 

John  H.  Piatt  was  elected  first  lieutenant 
on  July  24,  1879,  and  the  first  conspicuous 
public  display  made  by  the  new  company 
was  at  Grant's  reception  in  Philadelphia, 
December  16,  1879.  In  1880  the  company 
participated  in  the  State  G.  A.  R.  encamp- 
ment at  Bonaparte  Park,  Bordentown,  and 
took  a  prominent  part  in  the  sham  battle  with 
their  Gatling  guns.  Captain  French  resigned 
on  April  17, 1880,  and  Mr.  Piatt  was  elected 
captain  and  John  J.  Brown  first  lieutenant, 
George  C.  Randall  having  been  elected  sec- 
ond lieutenant  on  January  18th.  Mr.  Ran- 
dall resigned  in  June,  1881,  and  Charles 
Shivers,  Jr.,  was  elected  to  his  position  Oc- 
tober 13th.  Two  weeks  after  this  the  com- 
pany turned  out  in  the  Bi-Centennial  mili- 
tary parade  with  its  Gatlings. 

This  command  is  attached  to  the  Second 
Brigade  nnder  General  William  J.  Sewell  as 
the  brigade  commander.  In  September, 
1883,  Lieutenant  Brown  resigned  and  on 
October  Lst,  Captain  Piatt  and  Lieutenant 
Shivers  also  resigned.  Lieutenant-Colonel 
D.  B.  Murphy  was  placed  in  command  until 
December  28, 1883,  when  its  present  efficient 
commandant,  Captain  Robert  R.  Eckendorf, 


was  elected.  The  company  was  then  recruit- 
ed up  to  the  legal  standard. 

Gattling  Gun  Company  B  occupies  quar- 
ters in  the  new  armory  adjoining  the  Cam- 
den Battalion. 

The  following  are  its  officers  and  mem- 
bers: Captain,  R.  R.  Eckendorf;  First 
Lieutenant,  John  R.  Jones;  Second  Lieu- 
tenant, G.  Walter  Garton  ;  First  Sergeant, 
Owen  B.  Jones;  Second  Sergeant,  James 
Dutfy  ;  Third  Sergeant,  Harry  M.  Dey  ; 
Fourth  Sergeant,  Harry  Nichuals ;  Fifth 
Sergeant,  Samuel  Grovier ;  First  Corporal, 
Louis  B.  Harris ;  Second  Corporal,  Harry 
Tobin  ;  Third  Corporal,  Ulie  J.  Lee  ;  Musi- 
cians, David  Mead,  Charles  Mead  ;  Privates, 
Charles  M.  Baldwin,  Harry  F.  Campbell, 
Alonzo  W.  Powers,  John  J.  Chambers,  Wil- 
liam Grover,  David  Ewan,  Earnest  Haines, 
Leander  Hyatt,  George  H.  Beard,  Thomas 
F.  Mingen,  Samuel  C.  Grover,  John  Mul- 
holland,  Harry  G.  Rathgeb,  Charles  Enger, 
Jacob  Haines,  Edwin  Hillman,  Webster  Mc- 
Clellan,  Charles  A.  Fowler,  James  J.  Duffy, 
Charles  H.  Jeiferies,  Frederick  W.  Kalt, 
Harry  D.  Nichuals,  William  Lawler,  Dal- 
gren  A.lbertson,  George  Middleton,  John  E. 
Shannon,  John  Nixon,  George  H.  Snowhill, 
William  H.  Adams,  J.  R.  Smyth,  Ralph 
Bond,  Archie  S.  Royal,  G.  Parker  Johnson, 
Frank  Smith,  D.  Harry  Condit,  M.  A.  Cole, 
Frank  T.  Hayes,  Charles  P.  Householder, 
Samuel  Donaldson. 


CHAPTER  XL 

THE    EEECTION    OF   CAMDEN    COUNTY. 

The  first  official  meeting  of  citizens  in  the 
county  of  Gloucester  having  for  its  object 
the  division  of  that  county  was  held  at  the 
house  of  John  M.  Johnson,  in  the  city  of 
Camden,  on  the  16th  day  of  February,  1837. 
The  object  of  this  meeting  was  to  consider 
the  propriety  of  petitioning  the  Legislature 


180 


HISTOKY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


to  authorize  the  erection  of  a  new  county  to  be 
compof3ed  of  the  townships  of  Waterford, 
Camden,  Newton,  Union  and  Gloucester  and 
to  be  called  "  Delaware."  The  deliberations 
of  this  meeting  did  not  result  in  anything 
effectual,  but  that  agitation  on  the  subject  for 
which  it  met  was  kept  up,  is  evident  from 
the  decided  stand  shown  in  the  resolutions 
passed  at  a  similar  meeting  held  seven  years 
lat«r,  on  the  11th  day  of  January,  1844,  at 
the  Friends'  school-house  in  Haddonfield, 
where  a  large  number  of  the  citizens  con- 
vened in  response  to  a  notice.  John  Clement, 
Sr.,  was  chosen  chairman  at  this  meeting 
and  Thomas  Redman,  Jr.,  secretary.  Rich- 
ard W.  Snowden,  Jacob  L.  Rowand,  and 
David  Roe  were  appointed  a  committee  to 
draft  a  series  of  resolutions,  which  were 
adopted  and  read  as  follows  : 

"Resolved,  that  in  the  opinion  of  this  meeting 
the  contemplated  division  of  the  county  is  alto- 
gether useless  and  unnecessary  and  would  be 
highly  oppressive,  subjecting  the  inhabitants  to  a 
heavy  taxation  on  the  one  hand  without  any  bene- 
ficial advantages  on  the  other,  the  county  being  at 
present  of  a  convenient  size  and  form^  and  the 
public  buildings  already  erected  and  in  the  centre 
of  population  adequate  to  public  accommodation." 

The  meeting,  in  another  resolution,  recom- 
mended a  county  convention  to  be  held  at 
the  Woodbury  court-house  on  January  22, 
1844.  Notice  was  given  to  that  effect  and  a 
convention  was  held  on  the  day  appointed, 
John  Clement,  Sr.,  of  Haddonfield,  presid- 
ing. A  series  of  resolutions  and  a  memorial 
deprecating  the  division  were  presented  and 
adopted  and  a  number  of  persons  were  ap- 
pointed to  attend  the  Legislature  at  Trenton 
to  present  and  support  them. 

The  movement  for  a  division  had  its  friends, 
who  were  not  members  of  the  convention 
held,  and  who  were  endeavoring  to  accom- 
plish the  end  desired.  A  bill  was  presented 
to  the  Legislature,  asking  for  the  division  of 
Gloucester  County  by  the  erection  of  the 
townships  of  Camden,  Waterford,  Newton, 
Union,  Delaware,  Gloucester  and  Washing- 


ton into  a  county  to  be  called  "  Camden."  On 
the  6th  of  March,  1844,  seventeen  petitions 
signed  by  three  hundred  and  forty-two  per- 
sons and  twenty  remonstrances,  signed  by 
one  thousand  four  hundred  and  sixty-seven 
persons,  were  presented,  but  the  bill  finally 
passed  both  Houses  and  was  approved  by  the 
Governor  March  13,  1844,  and  Camden 
County  took  its  place  with  the  counties  of 
the  State   of  New   Jersey.     In   November, 

1845,  an  effort  was  made,  without  success,  to 
return  the  townships  of  Washington  and 
Gloucester  to  Gloucester  County.  Later, 
however,  Washington  (then  including  the 
present  township  of  Monroe)  was  returned 
to  Gloucester  County.  In  December  of  the 
year  1845  an  ineffectual  attempt  was  made 
to  re-annex  all  of  Camden  County,  except  the 
township  of  Camden  and  part  of  Delaware, 
to   Gloucester   County,  and    in    September, 

1846,  to  erect  the  townships  of  Franklin, 
Washington,  Gloucester  and  Winslow  into 
a  county  to  be  called  "Washington."  It 
will  thus  be  seen  that  the  erection  of  the 
new  county  of  Camden  caused  considerable 
agitation  and  discussion. 

The  public  buildings  of  the  county  at 
Gloucester  (now  Gloucester  City),  having 
been  destroyed  by  fire,  an  election  was  had 
and  the  seat  of  justice  was  removed  to 
Woodbury  in  1787.  Public  buildings  erec- 
ted at  Woodbury,  which,  about  1819-20, 
having  become  somewhat  dilapidated,  the 
question  of  a  change  of  location  of  the 
county-seat  to  Gloucester  again  was  agi- 
tated among  the  people.  Meetings  were 
held  in  the  townships  and  in  Woodbury 
at  different  times.  A  petition  was  pre- 
sented to  the  Legislature  having  this 
change  in  view,  whereupon  a  large  meeting 
of  citizens  convened  at  Woodbury  January 
17,  1820,  at  which  remonstrances  signed  by 
over  one  thousand  six  hundred  persons  were 
read,  and  James  Matlack,  Joseph  V.  Clark, 
Joseph  Rogers,  Isaac  Pine  and  John  M. 
White  were  chosen  to  visit  the  Legislature, 


THE  ERECTION  OF  CAIMDEN  COUNTY. 


181 


present  remonstrances  and  take  measui-es  to 
prevent  the  passage  of  the  bill.  An  influence 
was  brought  to  bear  upon  the  projectors  of 
the  bill  and  they  asked  permission  to  with- 
drawtheirpetition,  which  was  granted,  the  agi- 
tation ceased,  two  buildings  for  county  offices 
were  erected  at  Woodbury,  and  necessary 
repairs  made  upon  court-house  and  jail.  Had 
this  change  of  county-seat  then  been  made  it 
is  probable  Camden  County  would  not  have 
been  erected. 

The  act  under  which  the  county  of  Cam- 
den was  formed  provided  that  after  one  year 
from  date  of  erection  the  location  of  county 
buildings  should  be  decided  by  a  vote  of 
qualified  electors  in  the  county  at  such  time 
and  places  as  the  Board  of  Freeholders  should 
appoint.  In  accoi'dance  with  this  act,  the 
freeholders,  on  April  7,  1845,  set  apart 
August  12,  1845,  as  the  day  of  election. 
Prior  to  that  time  a  county  meeting  was 
held  at  White  Horse  Tavern,  in  Glouces- 
ter township,  for  the  purpose  of  selecting 
and  agreeing  upon  some  town  most  suitable 
in  which  to  erect  the  public  buildings. 
Richard  Staflbrd  was  chosen  president  of 
the  meeting ;  Evan  C.  Smith,  of  Delaware, 
Richard  Thomas,  of  Camden,  Richard  W. 
Snowden,  of  Newton,  Joshua  Peacock,  of 
Waterford,  Joseph  Budd,  of  Union,  John 
Albertson,  of  Winslow,  John  North,  of 
Gloucester,  and  Joel  Steelman,  of  Washing- 
ton, vice-presidents ;  Jacob  L.  Eowand  and 
James  D.  Dotterer,  secretaries.  In  accor- 
dance with  a  resolution,  five  persons  were 
chosen  from  each  township  as  a  committee 
and  each  township  to  cast  one  vote.  This 
joint  committee  was  empowered  to  select 
the  most  desirable  town  for  the  location  of 
the  proposed  buildings.  The  result  of  the 
vote  was  nineteen  for  Haddonfield,  ten  for 
Long-a-coming,  and  fewer  votes  for  certain 
other  places.  The  meeting  adjourned  to 
July  31st,  of  which  meeting  no  account  has 
been  obtained. 

County  Buildings. — The  act  establish- 


ing the  county  provided  that  the  courts  of 
the  county  should  be  held  at  Woodbury  for  a 
year,  and  that  a  seat  of  justice  should  be 
chosen  by  a  vote  of  the  people  on  the  1 2th 
of  August,  1845,  and  required  a  majority 
of  the  total  vote  to  establish  the  site.  The 
election  was  held  with  this  result:  Camden, 
1062;  Gloucester,  822;  Haddonfield,  422; 
Mount  Ephraim,  33.  There  was  no  choice, 
and  then  began  a  series  of  contests  in  the 
Board  of  Chosen  Freeholders  almost  without 
parallel  in  the  history  of  municipal  bodies, 
extending  over  a  period  of  seven  years,  and 
requiring  the  assistance  of  four  elections  by 
the  people,  two  legislative  bodies  and  three 
courts  to  bring  it  to  a  final  result.  There 
were  seven  townships  and  one  city,  each  with 
two  representatives  in  the  board.  December 
2,  1845,  the  board  appointed  Joseph  Kay, 
Joseph  Porter  and  Charles  Kaighn  a  com- 
mittee to  obtain  an  act  of  the  Ijegislature 
to  authorize  the  holding  of  another  election. 
This  was  done  and  the  act  called  for  two  elec- 
tions, at  the  first  of  which  a  majority  was 
requisite,  and,  that  failing,  at  the  second  a 
plurality  would  suffice. 

The  first  was  held  April  28,  1846,  with 
the  following  vote :  Camden,  963  ;  Mount 
Ephraim,  427 ;  White  Horse,  330  ;  Chews 
Landing,  93  ;  Haddonfidd,  46.  The  scatter- 
ing vote  was  sufficient  to  exceed  Camden's 
lead,  and  there  being  no  choice,  the  second 
election  was  held  June  2d,  with  this  result: 
Camden,  1434  ;  Long-a-Coming,  1498.  This, 
it  was  thought,  would  settle  the  controversy, 
but  Abraham  Browning  and  Captain  John 
W.  Mickle  were  members  of  the  board, 
while  Thomas  H.  Dudley  was  clerk,  and 
they  were  fertile  in  expedients.  The  board 
met  at  Long-a-Coming,  June  15th,  and  at 
once  took  steps  to  provide  the  necessary  build- 
ings at  that  place.  A  committee  was  ap- 
pointed, and  at  once  reported  plans  for  build- 
ings, and  a  site  on  lands  of  Jacob  Leach. 
The  plans  were,— a  court-house  of  stone, 
forty-five  by  sixty-five  feet,  with  offices  on 


182 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


the  first  floor  and  court-room  on  the  secon  d 
floor  ;  the  jail,  also  of  stone,  forty-two  by 
forty-five  feet,  with  five  apartments  or  cells. 
The  cost  of  both  estimated  at  seventeen 
thousand  dollars. 

As  they  were  about  to  adopt  the  plans  and 
advertise  for  proposals,  a  writ  of  certiorari 
was  served  answerable  to  the  Supreme  Court. 
The  decision  of  the  court  favored  Long-a- 
Comiug,  but  the  proceedings  caused  delay, 
and  it  was  March  8,  1847,  before  further 
action  was  taken.  At  that  meeting,  held  at 
Long-a-Coming,  a  committee  had  been  ap- 
pointed with  instructions  to  purchase  the 
Leach  property,  and  to  advertise  for  propo- 
sals for  the  construction  of  the  buildings  on 
the  plans  already  adopted,  when  a  prelimi- 
nary injunction,  from  the  chancellor,  issued 
at  the  instance  of  Richard  Fetters  and  Dr. 
Isaac  S.  Mulford,  was  served.  The  majority 
appointed  a  committee  to  inquire  into  frauds 
at  the  elections  and  to  sue  for  damages,  the 
authors  of  the  vexatious  suits ;  but  as  the 
injunction  was  dissolved,  no  further  steps 
were  taken  in  that  direction.  Frequent 
meetings  were  held  in  out-of-the-way  places : 
EUisburg,  Chews  Landing,  Cross  Keys  and 
Blue  Anchor,  but  seldom  at  Camden. 
Another  meeting  was  held  at  Long-a-Coming 
February  12,  1848,.  when  bids  for  the  erec- 
tion of  the  buildings  at  that  place  were  open- 
ed as  follows:  Rush,  $17,540;  Joseph  H. 
Collins,  $16,500;  John  K.  Inskeep,  $13,500 
and  the  latter  accepted.  It  seemed  inevitable 
that  Long-a-Coming  would  become  the  county- 
seat,  but  the  alert  friends  of  Camden  had 
procured  an  act  from  the  Legislature  calling 
for  another  election  by  the  people,  contain- 
ing this  clause : 

"  That  if  at  such  election,  no  one  City,  Village 
or  Cross-roads  shall  have  a  majority  of  all  the 
votes  polled,  then  Long-a-Coming  shall  be  the 
seat  of  justice." 

The  editor  of  the  West  Jersey  Mail,  Philip 
J.  Grey,  Esq.,  visited  the  town  of  Long-a- 
Coming  with  the  Board  of  Freeholders,  and 


in  the  next  issue  of  his  paper  said  :  "  Our 
trip  to  Long-a-Coming  on  Monday,  under 
the  favorable  auspices  of  pleasant  weather, 
good  roads  and  agreeable  company,  was  not 
'  bad  to  take,'  notwithstanding  when  we  got 
back  in  the  evening  we  found  a  resting-place 
quite  as  acceptable.  This  may  be  called  the 
sunny  side  of  the  picture,  not  to  be  looked 
upon  in  a  trip  during  either  the  November 
or  February  term  of  the  court.  Indeed,  we 
cannot  but  think  that  our  fine  little  county 
has  been 'knocked  into  a  cocked  hat' by 
this  extraordinary  freak  of  the  popular  will, 
the  bitterest  fruits  of  which  are  yet  to  be 
tasted." 

The  election  was  ordered  for  April  11th, 
and  the  result  was  thus  tabulated  and  re- 
ported to  the  board  by  County  Clerk  Thom- 
as B.  Wood,  at  the  meeting  held  May 
10th,— 

For  Camden.  Haddonfield.  Long-a-Coming, 

Camden,  North  Ward,  144  5  6 

Middle     "  673  6  8 

South      "  442  16 

Delaware  Township,  199  185  3 

Monroe             "  139  149  3 

Gloucester        "  102  104  137 

Washington     "  80  8  143 

Waterford        "  41  63  172 

Winslow           "  59  17  233 

Newton            "  65  242 


2444 


795 


705 


Abraham  Browning  offered  a  resolution  to 
appoint  a  committee  to  "  select  a  site  in  the 
City  of  Camden,"  but  it  was  voted  down,  and, 
instead,  one  was  appointed  to  investigate 
frauds.  This  committee  had  a  baflBing  expe- 
rience. July  7th  they  reported  that  their 
counsel,  James  B.  Dayton,  advised  them  to 
go  to  the  Legislature  for  redress,  and,  March 
19,  1849,  they  reported  that  the  Legislature 
advised  them  to  seek  redress  in  the  Supreme 
Court ;  and  again,  December  3d,  they  ad- 
vised "  that  the  inhabitants  of  Camden  Coun- 
ty petition  the  Legislature  to  select  a  site  for 
the  public  buildings,  in  some  suitable  place, 
at  least  five  miles  from  the  city  of  Camden." 


THE  ERECTION  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY. 


183 


The  majority  resolved,  if  possible,  to  pre- 
vent the  location  of  the  public  buildings  in 
Camden,  and  nothing  definite  was  done  until 
May  14,  1851,  when  Abraham  Browning's 
oft-repeated  motion  to  "  appoint  a  committee 
to  select  a  suitable  site  in  Camden"  was  voted 
down  by  the  usual  majority,— yeas,  five;  nays, 
eleven, — whereupon  SheriiF  Garrett  served  a 
writ  of  alternate  mandamus,  requiring  them 
to  show  cause  why  they  did  not  provide  build- 
ings for  the  use  of  the  county,  and  in  Cam- 
den, as  directed  by  the  election  of  1848. 
They  answered  the  writ  of  the  Supreme 
Court  by  an  adjournment.  Meetings  were 
held,  but  nothing  was  done  in  this  matter 
until  December  1st,,  when  Abraham  Brown- 
ing's motion  was  backed  by  a  peremptory 
mandamus  and  was  adopted.  This  ended 
the  long  struggle,  with  the  exception  of  the 
effort  of  John  W.  Mickle  to  locate  the 
court-house  at  the  Woodlands,  instead  of 
Sixth  Street  and  Market,  and  the  work  of 
providing  the  necessary  buildings  went  on. 

First  Couet-House. — At  the  meeting  of 
May  3, 1852,  plans  prepared  by  Samuel  Sloan 
were  adopted,  and.  May  12th,  proposals 
for  the  construction  of  the  building  were 
opened.  They  were :  Charles  Wilson,  |35,- 
000 ;  Roberts  &  Reeves,  $26,950 ;  Daniel  A. 
Hall,  $26,800.  The  latter  was  accepted,  with 
Henry  Allen,  Samuel  D.  Elfreth  and  Joseph 
Weatherly  as  bondsmen. 

A  plot  of  ground  one  hundred  and  ninety- 
eight  feet  on  Market,  one  hundred  and  eleven 
■feet  on  Federal,  three  hundred  and  fifty- 
eight  feet  on  Sixth  Street  and  four  hundred 
and  twenty-five  on  Broadway  was  purchased 
of  Abigail  Cooper,  for  five  thousand  dollars, 
and  the  building  located  midway  between 
Market  and  Federal,  so  that  neither  ferry 
should  reap  undue  advantage.  Abraham 
Browning,  Samuel  Norcross,  John  Wilkin.s, 
John  J.  Githens,  Joseph  B.  Tatem,  Cooper 
P.  Browning,  Benjamin  Horner  and  Edmond 
Brewer  were  the  building  committee,  and, 
March  19,  1855,  they  reported,  "Little  re- 


mains to  be  done  except  the  planting  of  trees 
in  and  around  the  yard,  and  the  paving  of 
the  walks  from  the  streets  to  the  building, 
the  bricks  for  that  purpose  being  on  the 
ground." 

The  final  statement  of  their  operations  was 
very  full  and  clear,  and  gives  the  cost  of  the 
building  complete  at  $40,970.79,  leaving  cash 
in  their  hands  $187.03.  The  building, 
however,  was  completed  many  months  be- 
fore the  first  court  was  held  in  it,  being  the 
October  Term,  1853,  and  the  first  case  tried 
in  it  was  that  of  William  Hope,  the  famous 
ferryman,  charged  with  assault  and  battery, 
and  in  which  Thomas  H.  Dudley  appeared 
for  the  State,  having  been  deputized  to  act 
as  prosecutor  of  the  pleas. 

The  building  is  of  brick,  rough-cast,  fifty 
by  one  hundred  and  five  feet  in  length  and 
width.  The  first  design  included  a  dome, 
but  this  was  omitted  in  the  building.  The 
jail,  containing  twelve  cells,  is  in  the  basement, 
below  the  level  of  the  streets.  The  county 
officers  were  on  the  first  floor,  the  only  ones 
remaining  being  the  sheriff  and  county 
collector.  The  court-rooms  are  on  the 
second  floor,  while  the  third  floor  comprised 
apartments  for  the  sheriif  and  family,  who 
formerly  resided  in  the  court-house.  Here, 
also,  is  the  celebrated  iron  cage,  in  which 
alleged  murderers  are  safely  kept,  before  and 
after  trial. 

The  New  Couet-House. — The  want  of 
more  jail  room  led  to  the  erection,  in  1875, 
of  the  one-story,  fire-proof,  brick  building 
on  Market  Street,  at  a  cost  of  seventeen 
thousand  dollars,  and  its  use  by  the  county 
clerk,  surrogate  and  register  of  deeds. 

The  unhealthy  location  of  the  jail  and  its 
crowded  condition  caused  protests  and  com- 
plaints, and  the  project  of  a  work-house  out- 
side the  city  was  agitated.  John  H.  Jones, 
while  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Freeholders, 
gave  the  subject  earnest  attention.  Nothing 
was  done,  however,  until  1878. 

The  board,  in  1881,  considered  the  ques- 


184 


HISTOEY  OF  CA:\[DEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


tioii  of  a  work-house,  but  finally  deci- 
ded to  build  a  commodious  jail,  with  all 
modern  improvements,  on  Federal  Street. 
Architect  Gendell,  of  Philadel])hia,  prepared 
the  plans,  which  embraced  a  group  of  sand- 
stone buildings,  prison,  court-house  and 
county  offices,  covering  the  entire  plot  of 
ground  owned  by  the  county  ;  the  several 
parts  to  be  erected  in  detail  as  the  demand 
arose;  and  as  a  jail  was  an  immediate  neces- 
sity,   that  \vas   to   be    built  by  a  tax   levy  of 


THE    NEW    COUNTY    COUKT-HOUSK. 

forty  thousand  dollars  for  two  vears,  the 
estimated  cost  being  eighty  thousand  dollars. 
In  May,  1882,  the  first  levy  of  forty  thou- 
sand dollars  was  made,  and  Edward  S.  King, 
J(jhn  Day,  Morris  Hallock,  Joseph  \j. 
Tiiackara  and  Thomas  McDowell  were  con- 
stituted the  building  committee.  In  188.3 
the  second  levy  of  forty  thousand  dollars 
was  made  and  the  building  was  approachin*!- 


comjjletition  when  there  was  a  change  in  the 
Board  of  Chosen  Freeholders,  and  with  it  a 
change  of  plans.  It  was  determiued  to 
change  the  jail,  upon  which  ninety  thousand 
dollars  had  been  sj)ent,  and  make  of  it  a 
court-house.  Jiudolph  U.  Birdsell,  James 
Davis,  Charles  F.  Adams,  Wm.  C.  Clark,  and 
Samuel  AYood  were  ajipointed  the  building 
committee,  and  thirty  thousand  dollars  were 
a])pro])riated  for  the  purpose.  The  altera- 
tions were  made  and  the  first  court  was  held 
there  in  May,  1885.  The  final  re- 
p(jrt  (_)f  the  committee  was  made  May, 
188(3,  and  the  entire  cost  <>{  the  build- 
ing was  found  to  be  §129,762.18. 

The  design  is   to  convert  the  old 
court  house  into  a  jail. 

TiiE  County  Almshouse. — The 
first  mention  found  on  record  relating 
to  the  care  of  the  poor  of  Gloucester 
Comity  is  in  the  minutes  of  the  i)ro- 
ceedings  of  the  justices  and  freehold- 
ers, June  10, 17(]5,  when  Wm.  Hugg 
and  Samuel  Harrison  were  allowed 
£,62  Kiy.  2'/.  for  repairs  to  the  house. 
In  1770  repairs  were  ordered,  but  no 
mention  is  made  of  the  location  and 
character  of  the  l)uilding.  In  1799 
Samuel  Cooper,  James  Hopkins  and 
James  Stratton  were  directed  to  look 
after  a  site,  but  failing  to  report,  the 
Board  of  Freeholders,  in  August, 
1800,  a2)poin(ed  Samuel  Cooper,  Jas. 
Hurley,  John  Hider,  Samuel  W. 
Harrison,  Amos  Cooper,  Wm.  Ford, 
Jas.  Stratton,  Jolui  Collins,  Richard 
Wcstcott  and  Elias  Smith  a  com- 
mittee to  purchase  a  site.  The  committee  se- 
lected one  hundred  and  twenty-five  acres  of 
land  on  the  south  side  of  Timber  Creek,  in 
De])tford  township,  belonging  to  Michael  • 
Fisher.  The  consideration  was  $3333  33i 
and  tiie  deed  conveying  the  land  to  the  Board 
of  Chosen  Freeholders  of  Gloucester  County 
was  dated   December  J  2,  1800. 

A  biulding    committee    was    appointed, — 


G'-i-i^^^i^  i^  ^■^/i/:>tn^a-*^ 


THE  ERECTION  OF  CAMDSIN  COUNTY. 


185 


Samuel  Cooper,  Jacob  Stokes,  John  Brick, 
Amos  Cooper,  Samuel  P.  Paul,  Euoch  Allen, 
Enoch  Leeds,  Thomas  Somers,  Elias  Smith 
and  I^aac  Tomlindon, — who  contracted  with 
Edmund  Brewer  and  John  C.  Morgan  to 
erect  the  almshouse  for  five  thousand  six 
hundred  dollars.  In  1812  the  freeholders 
purchased  two  hundred  and  forty-eight  acres 
of  woodland,  near  Williamstown,  for  the 
purpose  of  .supplying  the  almshouse  with 
fuel.  When  coal  was  substituted  and  no  use 
of  the  woodland  had  been  made  for  a  number 
of  years,  the  ownership  was  forgotten,  until 
1882,  when  Timothy  J.  Middleton,  then 
clerk  of  the  board,  called  attention  to  the 
fact.  In  1822  the  adjoining  farm  of  Jedediah 
Morgan,  about  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres, 
was  purchased.  The  almshouse  was  enlarged 
from  time  to  time  as  necessity  demanded. 
The  small  building  for  the  insane  was  built 
in  1816. 

Upon  the  erection  of  Camden  County,  in 
1844,  the  two  counties  used  the  almshouse 
jointly  under  direction  of  a  joint  committee 
until  1861,  when,  under  an  act  of  the  Legis- 
lature, the  property  was  sold,  and  the  present 
farm  of  one  hundred  and  forty- four  acres, 
containing  the  buildings,  together  with  the 
woodland,  was  bought  by  Camden  County 
for  $19,802. 

Timber  Creek  is  the  dividing  line  between 
the  two  counties,  but  an  act  of  the  Legislature 
rectified  the  line  so  as  to  place  the  almshouse 
farm  in  Camden  County. 

A  new  almshouse  was  built  in  1864,  which 
was  enlarged  in  1877  and  again  in  1881.  In 
the  latter  a  hospital  ward  was  erected  sep- 
arate from  the  main  building,  and  so  thus 
arranged,  the  Camden  County  Almshouse  is 
regarded  as  one  of  the  most  complete  in  the 
State.  The  farm  and  buildings,  including 
the  Insane  Asylum,  are  valued  at  ninety 
thousand  dollars.  In  the  fall  of  1 880  an 
epidemic  of  typhoid  fever  broke  out  in  the 
institution,  decimating  the  ranks  of  the  in- 
mates, including  the  steward,  Isaac  P.  Wil- 


son,  who  had  filled  the  position  from  the  date 
that  Camden  County  first  took  sole  posses- 
sion. The  stewards  have  been  Isaac  P. 
Wilson,  1861-81  ;  Alfred  Harris,  1881-86  ; 
and  Charles  F.  Adams.  The  annual  cost 
is  about  one  thousand  eight  hundred  dollars. 

The  County  Insane  Asylum. — The 
County  Insane  Asylum  was  built  in  1877, 
under  the  law  giving  counties  an  allowance 
for  the  care  of  its  indigent  insane.  It  stands 
north  of  the  almshouse,  on  the  county  farm, 
is  of  brick,  three  stories  high,  with  all  the 
best  modern  appliances  for  the  care  of  the  in- 
sane, in  the  protection  and  cure  of  whom  the 
institution  has  been  very  successful.  It  has 
been  enlarged  and  accommodates  over  ninety 
inmates.  It  is  in  charge  of  a  matron,  under 
the  supervision  of  a  committee  of  the  Board 
of  Freeholders.  The  net  annual  cost  to  the 
county  for  maintenance  is  about  ten  thou- 
sand dollars.  The  matrons  have  been  :  1877- 
85,  Adelaide  Stiles;  1885,  Jennie  Gardner; 
1886,  Mary  Nichols. 

Eandal  E.  Morgan,  whose  life  has 
been  marked  by  great  activity,  both  in  jjub- 
lic  and  private  affairs,  was  born  November 
6,  1824,  near  Blackwoodtown,  which  was 
named  for  one  of  his  ancestors.  He  was  a 
son  of  Randal  W.  and  Sarah  (Eldridge) 
Morgan.  The  former  was  the  descendant  of 
one  of  three  brothers,  of  Welsh  origin,  who 
came  to  America  some  time  between  1660 
and  1670,  one  settling  in  New  Jersey,  one 
in  Connecticut  and  the  third  in  Virginia. 
Our  subject's  mother  was  of  an  old  family  of 
Friends,  and  thus  his  ancestry  in  America 
has  been  upon  both  sides  quite  ancient. 

Mr.  Morgan's  youth  was  spent  upon  the 
farm  where  he  was  born,  and  his  early  edu- 
cation received  in  the  schools  of  the  neigh- 
borhood, though  he  subsequently  attended  a 
select  school  at  Woodbury.  As  he  grew  to 
manhood  his  industrious  habits  and  good 
character  were  recognized,  and  he  was  grad- 
ually raised  into  prominence  by  his  fellow- 
citizens.      In   1855    he  was  elected  a  free- 


186 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


holder,  and  at  the  same  time  held  the  offices 
of  trustee  of  the  almshouse  and  treasurer  of  the 
same  institution.  After  holding  various  minor 
offices,  he  was  elected  treasurer  of  Camden 
County,  upon  the  Republican  ticket,  in  1861 
(Washington  township,  the  place  of  his  resi- 
dence, then  being  a  part  of  Camden  County, 
though  subsequently  returned  to  Gloucester 
County).  In  1864  he  was  re-elected,  and 
held  the  office  for  another  term  of  three 
years.  During  his  six  years'  occupancy  of 
this  position  of  responsibility  and  trust,  cov- 
ering the  period  of  the  Civil  War,  over  two 
million  dollars  passed  through  his  hands. 
At  the  same  time  he  was  a  special  collector 
in  his  township  of  moneys  needed  for  war 
purposes,  was  on  the  committee  to  secure 
substitutes,  had  several  private  estates  to 
settle,  and  attended  to  his  large  personal  bus- 
iness. In  the  fall  of  1868  he  was  elected 
sheriff,  and  re-elected  in  1869  and  1870.  He 
did  all  of  the  work  of  the  office,  with  the 
assistance  of  his  sons,  and  discharged  the  du- 
ties incumbent  upon  him  with  the  same  fidel- 
ity and  promptness  which  had  characterized 
his  administration  as  Camden  County's 
treasurer.  In  addition  to  the  labor  devolv- 
ing upon  him  in  this  office,  he  served  frequently 
as  deputy  United  States  marshal,  sometimes  in 
quite  important  matters.  In  1875  he  was 
appointed  by  the  Council  as  city  treasurer,  to 
fill  the  unexpired  term  caused  by  the  death 
of  Captain  Hufty.  Most  of  his  time  since 
1871,  however,  has  been  employed  in  exten- 
sive building  operations,  and  he  has  erected 
in  Camden  about  two  hundred  buildings, 
principally  dwelling-houses.  Of  these  he 
has  sold  the  greater  proportion.  His  ener- 
gies have  also  found  exercise  in  various  other 
occupations,  and  he  has  been  constantly  busy 
in  some  line  of  enterprise.  His  career  forms 
a  remarkable  illustration  of  what  industrv 
and  integrity  may  accomplish  in  private  and 
public  life. 

Mr.  Morgan's  religious  affiliation  is  with 
the  I'resbyterian   Church.     He   was   chosen 


an  elder  in  his  home  church  when  only  thir- 
ty-one years  old ;  retained  the  office  until 
coming  to  Camden,  and  is  now  a  trustee  of 
the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  that  city. 

He  has  been  twice  married.  His  first  wife, 
with  whom  he  was  united  June  10,  1847, 
was  Mary  Josephine  Willard.  She  died 
August  30,  1881,  having  been  the  mother  of 
seven  children,  five  of  whom  survived  her. 
These  were  Randal  W.,  Eli  B.,  Mary  E., 
Joseph  Willard,  Sallie  (died  in  infancy),  Ella 
(died  iu  1872,  aged  thirteen  years)  and  Car- 
rie W. 

Randal  W.  Morgan,  the  eldest,  was  a  mid- 
shipman, but  subsequently  retired  from  the 
service,  studied  medicine,  carried  on  a  drug- 
store in  Camden,  was  vaccine  physician  and 
county  physician.  His  health  failed,  and  he 
went  twice  to  Europe  for  its  benefit,  and 
died  at  sea  on  his  return  voyage,  Octoljer  20, 
1884. 

Eli  B.  was  a  deputy  in  the  sheriiFs  office, 
under  his  father,  and  subsequently  under 
other  sheriffs ;  then  deputy  clerk  for  five 
years,  and  since  1885  has  been  engaged  in 
building  operations. 

Joseph  Willard  is  a  counselor-at-law,  and 
has  been  city  solicitor  since  the  spring  of 
1884.  He  was  elected  immediately  after 
attaining  his  majority,  and  is  the  youngest 
man  who  ever  held  the  office. 

Mr.  Morgan's  second  marriage,  with  Mrs. 
Mertie  C.  Webster,  daughter  of  Rev.  Wm. 
P.  Maul,  of  Camden,  occurred  September 
1,  1886. 


CHAPTER     XII. 

CIVIL   LIST. 

The  following  list  shows,  as  far  as  the 
records  have  been  preserved,  the  principal 
officials  of  Camden  County,  the  names  of 
Senators  and  Representatives  in  both  Houses 
of  Congress,  of  State  officials  and  of  consuls 


CIVIL  LIST. 


■187 


to  foreign  ports.  The  date  of  election  or  ap- 
pointment is  given  where  it  could  be  ob- 
tained. 

Dr.  Marmaduke  Burrough  was  appointed 
United  States  consul  to  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico, 
by  President  Andrew  Jackson,  in  July, 
1834. 

George  M.  Robeson  was  Secretary  of  the 
Navy  in  President  Grant's  Cabinet  from  the 
resignation  of  Secretary  Borie  to  the  close  of 
Grant's  administration,  in  1877. 

Thomas  H.  Dudley  was  consul  to  the 
port  of  Liverpool,  appointed  by  President 
Lincoln,  and  served  in  the  same  position  till 
the  close  of  President  Grant's  administration, 
in  1877. 

Gilbert  Hannah  was  appointed  by  Presi- 
dent Lincoln  consul  to  Demerara,  South 
America,  and  died  a  few  months  after  arriv- 
ing at  his  post. 

General  Vickers  was  consul  to  Chili,  going 
there  when  General  Kilpatrick  was  the  Uni- 
ted States  Minister. 

The  attorneys-general  of  New  Jersey  from 
Camden  County  were  Abraham  Browning, 
from  1845  to  1850,  and  George  M.  Robeson, 
from  1867  to  the  time  of  his  appointment 
as  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

John  Clement,  in  1864,  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals, 
and  continues  to  hold  the  same  office,  by  vir- 
tue of  which  he  is  a  member  of  the  State 
Board  of  Pardons. 

The  Presidents  of  the  State  Senate  from 
Camden  County  were, — 

Jamee  M.  Scovel,  1866.  Wm.  J.  Sewell,  1878-80. 

Edward  Settle,  1871-72. 

The  Secretaries  of  Senate  from  Camden 
County  were, — 

Philip  J.  Grey,  1848-50.  Morris  E.  Hamilton,  1862,  '63." 

Speakers  of  Assembly  from  Camden, — 

G.  W.  M.  Cnstia,  1869.  E.  A.  Armstrong,  1886,  '86. 

Clerks  of  the  Assembly  from  Camden,— 

John  P.  Barker,  1859.  Sinnickson  Chew,  1872-74. 

I  Hamilton  was  appointed  State  Librarian  1884. 


State  Board  of  Assessors, — 

Edward  Settle.  A.  G.  Oattell. 

Rev.  Dr.  Isaac  Wynn,  in  1885,  was  ap- 
pointed a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Ed- 
ucation, and  E.  A.  Armstrong,  by  virtue  of 
his  office  as  Speaker  of  the  Assembly,  is  a 
member  of  the  same  body. 

Henry  Fredericks,  in  1884,  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Char- 
ities and  Correction  for  a  term  of  four 
years. 

Dr.  James  M.  Ridge,  of  Camden,  served 
as  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Health. 

Richard  S.  Jenkins  served  for  a  time  as 
State  Commissioner  of  Fisheries. 

Rudolphus  Bingham  was  Trustee  of  the 
State  Industrial  School  for  Girls. 

Charles  Wilson  was  State  Prison  Keeper 
from  1873  to  1876. 

Joseph  Porter,  of  Waterford,  was  pres- 
ident of  the  Legislative  Council. 

John  S.  Read  served  for  several  years,  un- 
til his  death,  as  one  of  the  commissioners  of 
the  Morris  Plains  Asylum,  and  also  as  State 
director  for  the  United  Railroads  of  New 
Jersey. 

Charles  A.  Butts  is  the  present  State  di- 
rector of  the  United  Railroads  of  New  Jersey. 

In  the  succeeding  lists  the  names  of  all 
persons  who  have  resided  within  the  present 
limits  of  Camden  County,  and  who  represented 
Gloucester  County  in  a  national  or  State  po- 
sition, or  who  were  elected  or  appointed  to  a 
county  office,  are  given,  together  with  the  date 
of  their  election  or  appointment.  Since  the 
erection  of  Camden  County  the  complete  roster 
of  the  civil  and  political  officers  is  furnished. 

Ihiited  States  Senalore. 
Alex.  CattoU,  1866-72.  Wm.  J.  Sewell,  1881-87. 

Eepr&ientativee  in  Congress. 
James  Sloan,  1803-9. 
Kiohard  M.  Cooper,  1823-33. 
Andrew  K.  Hay,  1849-51. 

State  Senators. 
Richard  W.  Howell,  1844.  James  M.  ScOTOl,  1863. 

Jos.  C.  Stafford,  1846. 
John  Gill,  1818. 


John  F.  Starr.  1863-67. 
Geo.  M.  Eobeson,  1879-81. 


Thos.  W.  Mulford,  1861. 
John  K.  Roberts,  1854-57. 
Wm.  P.  Tatcm,  1860. 


Edward  Bettle,  1866-69. 
Wm.  J.  Sewell,  1872,  '75,  '78. 
Albert  Merritt,  1881. 
Kichai'd  N.  Herring,  1884. 


188 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


Legislative  Council. 
John  Baxter,  1819-20. 
Joseph  Kaiglin,  1823. 
Ohris.  Sicliler,  1827. 
Joseph  Kaighn,  1829. 
John  W.  Mickle,  1830. 
Joseph  Kaighn,  1831,  '32. 
John  W.  Mickle,  1833-36. 
Jos.  Porter,  1839,  '40. 
Joshua  P.  Browning,  1843. 


Memli&rs  of  the 
Joseph  Hngg,  1781. 
Elijah  Clark,  1782-83. 
Elijah  Clark,  1785,  '86. 
Joseph  Ellis,  1787-94. 
Joseph  Cooper,  1795-97. 
Thos.  Clark,  1798-1802. 
Isaac  Mickle,  1803-6. 
Kichard  M.  Cooper,  1807-10. 
Isaac  Mickle,  1811. 
Samuel  W.  Harrison,  1814-16. 

Members  of  the  Assembhj. 

Members  from  the  surrender,  iu  1702,  who  represented  the  province 
of  West  Jersey, — 

John  Kay,  1703.  Joshua  Wright,  1704. 

Joseph  Cooper,  1703.  John  Willis,  1707. 

John  Hugg,  Jr.,  1703.  John  Kay,  1707. 

John  Hugg,  1704.  Hugh  Sharp,  1708-9. 

John  Kiiy,  1704.  Jolin  Kay,  1708-9. 

ThoB.  Lambert,  1704.  John  Kaighn,  1708-9. 

Members  from  Gloucester  and  Camden  Counties, — 


John  Kay,  1709-10. 
John  Kaighn,  1709-10. 
Richard  Bull,  1716. 
Samuel  Cole,  1721. 
John  Micklo,  1721, 
John  Mickle,  1727. 
Wm.  Harrison,  1727. 
Wm.  Harrison,  1730. 
Joseph  Cooper,  1730. 
Joseph  Cooper,  1738^4. 
John  Mickle,  1738-44. 
Joseph  Cooper,  1745,  '46. 
EUenezer  Hopkins,  1745,  '^ 
Joseph  Cooper,  1749. 
Joseph  Ellis,  1749. 
Samuel  Clement,  1754. 
Samuel  Clement,  1761. 
Bobertr.  Price,  1769-72. 
John  Hincliman,  1769-72. 
Robert  F.  Price,  1770. 
Isiuic  Mickle,  1776. 
Elijah  Clark,  1777. 
Isaiic  Tomlinson,  1777. 
Elijah  Clark,  1778. 
Joseph  Ellis,  1778. 
Isaac  Kay,  1780. 
Samuel  Hugg,  1781-83. 
Joseph  Ellis,  1781-83. 
Joseph  Cooper,  1781-83. 
Joseph  Ellis,  1784-86. 
Joseph  Cooper,  1784-85. 
Thomas  Clark,  1787-88. 
Joseph  Cooper,  1787-88. 
Joseph  Cooper,  1789. 
Abel  Clement,  1789. 
Joseph  Cooper,  1790. 
Samuel  Hugg,  1790. 
Joseph  Cooper,  1791. 
John  Blackwood,  1791. 
Joseph  Cooper,  1792. 
John  Blackwood,  1792. 
Joseph  Cooper,  1793. 
John  Blackwood,  1793. 
Abel  Clement,  1793. 
John  Blackwood,  1794. 
Abel  Clement,  1796-96. 
Abel  Clement,  1797. 
Samuel  Harrison,  1798. 
Joshua  L.  Howell,  1799. 
Samuel  Harrison,  1799. 


Samuel  Harrison,  1800. 
Abel  Clement,  1800. 
Samuel  W.  Harrison,  1801. 
Isivac  Mickle,  1801. 
Samuel  W.  Harrison,  1802. 
Abel  Clement,  1802. 
Joseph  Cooper,  1803-4. 
Samuel  Champion,  1805-6. 
Jacob  Glover,  1807. 
Jacob  Glover,  1808. 
Joseph  V.  Clark,  1809. 
Jacob  Glover,  1811. 
Joseph  C.  Sweet,  1812. 
Charles  French,  1813. 
Charles  French,  1814. 
Samuel  L.  Howell,  1818. 
Joseph  Kaighn,  1821. 
Isaac  Mickle,  1822. 
Joseph  Kaighn,  1822. 
BeDj.  B.  Cooper,  1824. 
Benj.  B.  Cooper,  1825. 
Charles  French,  1826. 
Joseph  Porter,  1827. 
John  W.  Mickle,  1827. 
Joseph  Porter,  1828. 
John  W.  Mickle,  1829. 
John  Gill,  Jr.,  1832. 
Joseph  Rogei-s,  1833. 
Joseph  Rogers,  1834. 
Samuel  B.  Lippincott,  1834. 
Joseph  Rogers,  1835. 
Samuel  B.  Lippincott,  1835. 
Joseph  W.  Cooper,  1836. 
Joseph  Porter,  1837. 
J.  W.  Cooper,  1837. 
Joseph  Porter,  1838. 
J.  W.  Cooper,  1838. 
Elijah  Bower,  1839. 
Richard  W.  Snowden,  1839. 
Richard  W.  Snowden,  1840. 
Richard  W.  Snowden,  1812. 
Thomas  B.  VVood,  1843. 
Joseph  Kay,  Jr.,  18J4. 
John  Redfleld,  1844. 
Joel  G.  Clark,  1846. 
Gorrard  Wood,  1845. 
Edward  Turner,  1840. 
Joseph  B.  Tatem,  1846, 
John  C.  Shreeve,  1847. 
John  E.  Marshall,  1847. 


Jacob  Troth,  1848. 
Joseph  Wolohon,  1848. 
Chas.  D.  Hineline,  1849-50. 
Thomas  W.  Hurff,  1849-60. 
J.  0.  Johnson,  1 851-52. 
Joseph  Kay,  1851. 
Jonathan  Day,  1851. 
Samuel  Lytic,  1852. 
John  K.  Roberts,  1862-63. 
Samuel  S.  Cake,  1853-64. 
James  L.  Hines,  1 853. 
Beiliey  Barrett,  1854-65. 
Evan  0.  Smith,  1866. 
John  P.  Harker,  1865-66. 
Samuel  Scull,  1856,  '57,  '68. 
Joseph  M.  Atkinson,  1866. 
Edmund  Hoffman,  1867. 
Samuel  M.  Thorne,  1867-58. 
Zebedee  Nicholson,  1868. 
John  R.  Graham,  1850-60. 
Joseph  Stafford,  Jr.,  1859. 
George  Brewer,  1859. 
Joel  P.  Kirkbride,  1860-01. 
James  L.  Hines,  1860. 
Daniel  A.  Hall,  1861. 
Edwin  J.  Osier,  1861-62. 
James  M.  Scovel,  1862. 
Chalkley  Albertson,  1862-63. 
Samuel  Tiitem,  1863. 
Philander  0.  Brinck,  1863-64. 
Isaac  W.  Nicholson,  1864r-65. 
John  E.  Bodine,  1864. 
George  W.  N.  Custis,  1866-66. 
Thomas  H.  Coles,  1866-66. 
Edward  Z.  Collings,  1866. 
John  Hood,  1867. 


James  Wills,  1867. 
Chalkley  Albertson,  1867. 
Henry  L.  Bonsall,  1868-69. 
William  C.  Shinn,  1868-69. 
Thomas  H.  Coles,  1868. 
Samuel  Warthman,  1869. 
Charles  Wilson,  1870. 
Isaac  W.  Nicholson,  1870. 
Stevenson  Leslie,  1870-71. 
George  B.  Carse,  1871-73. 
Isaac  Foreman,  1872. 
William  H.  Cole,  1872-73. 
Chalkley  Albertson,  1873. 
Alden  0.  Scovel,  1874^76. 
Richard  N.  Herring,  1874-75. 
Henry  B.  Wilson,  1874. 
Oliver  Lund,  1876-76. 
Samuel  T.  Murphy.  1876. 
Isaiah  Woolston,  1877. 
Alonzo  D.  Nichols,  1877-78. 
Andrew  J.  Rider,  1877. 
Edward  Burrough,  1878-79, 
Richard  N.  Herring,  1878-79. 
Henry  L.  Bonsall,  1879-80. 
Chris.  J.  Mines,  1S80-8L 
John  H.  McMurray,  1880-81. 
Robert  F.  S.  Heath,  1881. 
George  W.  Borton,  1882. 
John  Baraford,  1882. 
Clayton  Stafford,  1882-83. 
Edward  A.  Armstrong,  1883-85. 
John  W.  Branning,  1883. 
Benj.  M.  Braker,  1884. 
Henry  M.  Jewett,  1884-85. 
George  Pfeiffer,  Jr.,  1885. 

Sheriffs. 

John  Baxter,  1815. 
John  Baxter,  1821. 
Joshua  P.  Browning,  1835. 
Mark  Ware,  1841.1 
Arthur  Brown,  1844. 
Levi  C.  Phifer,  1847. 
Charles  S.  Garrett,  1860. 
Wm.  P.  Tatem,  1853. 
Edmund  Brewer,  1856. 
Charles  Wilson,  1869. 
John  Cain,  1862. 
Samuel  D.  Sharp,  1865. 
Randal  B.  Morgan,  1868. 
Henry  Fredericks,  1871. 
Jacob  C.  Daubman,  1874.1 
Wm.  Calhoun,  1878. 
Theo.  B.  Gibbs,  1881. 
Richard  F.  Smith,  1884. 


Daniel  Reading,  1680. 

John  Hugg,  Jr.  (deputy),  1691. 

Thomas  Sharp,  1692. 

Joseph  Tomlinson,  1695-90. 

Matthew  Medcalfe,  1700. 

Jusiah  Kay,  1711. 

Samuel  Coles,  1713. 

Samuel  Harrison,  1714. 

Wm.  Harrison,  1715. 

Josiah  Kay,  1719. 

Samuel  Coles,  1724. 

Joseph  Hugg.  1726. 

Samuel  Harrison,  1728. 

Jacob  Medcalf,  1733. 

Samuel  Harrison,  1742. 

Joseph  Blackwood,  1784. 

John  Blackwood,  1787. 

Joseph  Hugg,  1798. 

Jacob  Glover,  1803. 

Mark  Ware  was  sheriff  of  Gloucester  County  when  Camden  County 
was  formed,  and  by  the  provisions  of  the  act  erecting  the  county, 
performed  the  duties  of  sheriff  of  the  new  county  until  the  next  elec- 
tion, in  November,  1844,  when  Arthur  Brown  was  elected. 


Thomas  Sharp.  1686. 
John  Beading,  1088. 
Richard  Bull,  1704. 
Thomas  Sharp,  1714. 


County  Clerics. 

Joseph  Hugg,  1776. 
Elijah  Clark,  1781. 
Elisha  Clark,  1785. 
Thomas  B.  Wood,  1844. 


1  Under  the  constitution  of  1844  the  sheriffs  were  elected  annually, 
but  custom  gave  them  three  years,  and  the  amended  constitution  of 
1875  extended  tlie  term  to  three  years.  Jacob  0.  Daubman  had 
served  one  year,  when  the  change  was  made,  and  in  1876  was  elected 
for  the  new  term,  making  four  years  of  continued  service. 


CIVIL  LIST. 


189 


Briij.  W.  Browning,  1849.  John  Cain,  1870. 

JoBcpli  Myera,  1869.  Joel  Kilkbrido,  1875. 

Wni.  P.  Tateni,  1860.  i  Josepii  Holling=lieacl,  1880. 

George  Brewer,  1860.  John  W.  Browning,  1885. 

Thomas  M.  K.  Lee,  1865.     .  Edward  Burroiigh,  1886. 2 

Surrogatee. 
Jacob  Gloror,  1823-24.  Mark  Ware,  1854. 

Samuel  P.  Chow,  1844.  Isaac  L.  Lowe,  1859.  3 

Isaac  H.  Porter.  1849.  David  B.  Brown,  1866. 

Register  of  Deeds. 
(This  ffBce  was  established  in  1876). 
George  W.  Gilbert,  1875.  Robert  V.  S.  Heath,  1885. 

Jehu  Evans,  1880. 

Covnty  Collectors. 

Wm.  P.  Tatem,  1849-60. 

Albert  W.  Markley,  1854. 

Richard  W.  Snowden,  1867. 

EandalB.  Morgan,  1862. 

Isaiah  Woolston,  1868. 

Isaiah  Woolston,  1870. 

Ezra  Stokea,  1871. 

Morris  Hallock,  1883. 

Nathaniel  Barton,  1885. 


J.  Bngeno  Troth,  1874-79. 
John  K.  R.  Hewitt,  1880. 
J.  Eugene  Troth,  1881. 
Jacob  Jennings,  1882. 


Timotliy  J.  Middleton,  1882-83. 
Samuel  D.  Bergen,  1884. 
Jonas  S.  Miller,  1886. 
John  Harris,  1 886. 


Jacob  Clement,  1715. 
John  Kay,  1717. 
Thomas  Sliarp,  1721. 
Joseph  Cooper,  1724. 
Ebenezer  Hopkins,  1750. 
David  Cooper,  1757. 
Samuel  Clement,  Jr.,  1764. 
Samuel  Nicholson,  1844. 
Jacob  L.  Rowand,  1846. 
John  Clemeut,  Jr.,  1848. 


The  presiding  officers  of  the  Board  of 
Justices  and  Freeholders,  and  afterwards  of 
the  Board  of  Freeholders,  were, — 


Elijah  Clark,  1791. 
Samuel  Harrison,  1800. 
Samuel  W.  Harrison,  1804. 
Samuel  W.  Harrison,  1807. 
Wm  Zane,  1809. 
Joseph  Rogers,  1811. 
Jaines  Matlack,  1815. 
Jacob  Glover,  1823. 
Samuel  B.  Lippincott,  1831. 
Jacob  Glover,  1832. 
James  Matlack,  1838. 
John  Clement,  Jr.,  1844. 
Joseph  Kay,  1845. 
Jacob  Troth,  1846. 
Richard  W.  Stafford,  1847-63. 
John  D.  Glover,  1854-55. 
Richard  W.  Snowden,  1 866, 

ClerJcs  of  the 
Thomas  Sharp,  1715. 
Wm.  Harrison,  1723. 
John  Kay,  1725. 
Samuel  Spicer,  1740. 
Joseph  Kaighn,  1748. 
Joseph  Harrison,  1756. 
Samuel  Clement,  Jr.,  1764. 
Joseph  Hngg,  1765. 
Isaac  Mickle,  1706. 
Samuel  Harrison,  1768. 
Samuel  Spicer,  1773. 
Joseph  Hngg,  1775. 


Directors. 

Joseph  L.  Thackara,  1857. 
Thomas  McKeen,  1868. 
Joseph  Porter,  1869-60. 
Thomas  MoKeen,  1861. 
John  S.  Bead,  1862. 
Charles  Watson,  1803-65. 
Joseph  L.  Thackara,  1866-67. 
John  J.  Lawrence,  1868. 
Charies  Watson,  1869. 
Samuel  S.  Cake,  1870-71. 
Isaac  W.  Nicholson,  1872-80. 
Morris  Hallock,  1881-82. 
Joseph  L.  Thackara,  1883. 
Samuel  Wood,  1884. 
J.  GrifBth  Howard,  1885. 
Samuel  Wood,  1886. 

Board  of  Freeholders. 

Samuel  Harrison,  1783. 
John  Blackwood,  1792. 
Samuel  W.  Harrison,  1798. 
Richard  Snowdon,  1808. 
Jacob  Glover,  1818. 
Thomas  H.  Dudley,  1844-47. 
Thomas  W.  Mulford,  1848. 
James  B.  Dayton,  1849  53. 
B.  Graham  Clark,  18.54-66. 
Alden  C.  Scovel,  1857-65. 
Alfred  Hngg,  1866-68. 
Joshua  L.  Howell,  1869-73. 


^  Joseph  Myers  died  in  June,  1860,  and  William  P.  Tatem  was  ap- 
pointed to  act  until  the  next  election,  when  George  Brewer  was 
chosen. 

2  The  Governor  commissioned  John  W.  Browning,  but  the  Su- 
preme Court  ruled  the  oflice  to  Edward  Burrough,  who  received  his 
commission  February  26, 1886, 

3  Isaac  L.  Lowe  was  elected  in  1864  for  five  years.  He  died  in 
March,  1866,  and  D.  B.  Brown  was  appoiuted  until  the  election,  in 
November,  when  he  was  elected,  and  re-elected  in  1871,  '70,  '81. 


The  following  is  a  list  of  the  freeholders 
who  represented  the  city  of  Camden  : 


Fr 
John  W.  Mickle,  1814. 
John  R.  Cowperthwaite,  1844. 
Charles  Kaighu,  1845. 
John  R.  Thompson,  1845. 
John  W.  Mickle,  1846. 
Charles  Sexton,  1840. 
John  W.  Mickle,  1847. 
Richard  Fettei-s,  1847. 
Charles  Sexton,  18i8. 
Samuel  Luniniis,  1848. 
John  «  .  Mickle,  1849. 
Thomas  B.  Atkinson,  1849. 
John  W.  Mickle,  1850. 
John  Sands,  1850. 


eeh-jldei-s. 

John  W.  Mickle,  1861-62. 
Abraham  Browning,  1851-52. 
John  W.  Mickle,  18,53. 
Charles  Sexton,  1 853. 
Charles  Sexton,  1864. 
Florance  M.  Bingham,  1854. 
James  W.  Shroff,  1855. 
Joseph  T.  Rowand,  1855. 
John  W.  Mickle,  1856. 
Wm.  W.  Cooper,  1866. 
Thomas  McKeen,  1857. 
Jos.  C.  De  La  Cour,  1857. 
Thomas  McKeen,  18S8. 
James  Carman,  185,8. 


One  from  each  of  the  three  wards,- 


Samuel  Andrews,  1859. 
Josiah  D.  Rogers,  1859. 
Augustus  Stutzer,   1859. 
John  S.  Read,  1860. 
Josiah  D.  Rogers,  1860. 
Augustus  Stutzer,  1860. 
ThoB.  McKeen,  1861. 
Samuel  H.  Morton,  1861. 
Augustus  Stutzer,  1861. 
John  S.  Read,  1862. 
Samuel  H.  Morton,  1862. 
John  W.  Stutzer.  1862. 
Charles  Watson,  1863-64. 
Henry  Ourts,  1863-04. 
Chris.  J.  Mines,  1863-64. 

One  member  from 

Charles  Watson,  1871. 
Cooper  B.  Browning,  1871. 
James  Elwell,  1871. 
Wm.  Scudder,  1871. 
James  Deno,  1871. 
Wallace  Cook,  1871. 
John  H.  Jones,  1871. 
Francis  Boggs,  1871. 
Sanjuel  B.  Garrison,  1872. 
Edmund  E.  Read,  1872. 
James  Elwell,  1872. 
Chris.  Sickler,  1872. 
James  Deno,  1872.  ' 
Allen  C.  Wood,  1872. 
.John  H.  Jones,  1872. 
Vfm.  C.  Clarke,  1872. 
Samuel  B.  Garrison,  1873. 
Randal  B.  Morgan,  1873. 
James  Elwell,  1873. 
Wm.  Severns,  1873. 
James  Deno,  1873. 
Allen  C.  Wood,  1873. 
John  H.  Jones,  1873. 
Wm.  C.  Clarke,  1873. 
Samuel  B.  Garrison,  1874. 
Henry  C.  Gibson,  1874. 
James  Elwell,  1874. 
Wm.  Severns,  1874. 
David  B.  Kaighn,  1874. 
Evan  Miller,  1874, 


Charles  Watson,  1866. 
George  Brewer,  1866. 
Chris.  J.  Mines,  1866. 
Charles  Watson,  1866-67. 
Isaiah  Woolston,  1866-67. 
Chris.  J.  Mines,  1866-67. 
Charles  Watson,  1868. 
Alex.  A.  Hammell,  1868. 
John  Goldstho-.pe,  1868. 
Charles  Watson,  1869. 
Abner  Sparks,  1 800. 
James  Deno,  1869. 
Charles  Watson,  1870. 
James  W.  Wroth,  1870. 
John  Doyle,  1870. 

each  of  the  eight  ward.s 

Wm.  Croesley,  1874. 
Wm.  Thompson,  1874. 
David  Baird,  1875. 
Henry  0.  Gibson,  1875. 
James  Elwell,  1876. 
Wm.  Severns,  1876. 
Thomas  A.  Wilson,  1875. 
Evan  Miller,  1876. 
Wm.  Crossley,  1875. 
Wm.  C.  Clarke,  187."). 
David  Baird,  1876. 
John  S.  Read,  1S7C. 
James  Elwell,  1876. 
Wm.  Severns,  1876. 
ThoB.  A.  Wilson,  1876. 
Evan  Miller,  1876. 
Wm.  CroBsley,  1876. 
Benj.  H.  Thomas,  1876. 
David  Baird,  1877. 
Wm.  II.  Cole,  1877. 
Abner  Sparks,  1877. 
Wm.  Severns,  1877. 
Charles  C.  Motfett,  1877. 
Kvan  Miller,  1877. 
ThOB.  Sothern,  1877. 
Benj.  H.  Thomas,  1877. 
David  Baird,  1878. 
Morris  Hallock,  1878. 
James  Elwell,  1878. 
Wm.  Severns,  1878. 


190 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Charles  C.  Moffett,  1878. 
Evan  Miller,  1878. 
Joseph  M.  Boss,  1878. 
Benj.  H.  Thomas,  1S78. 
David  Baird,  1879. 
Morris  Hallock,  1879. 
Abner  Sparks,  1879. 
Wm.  Severns,  1879. 
Robert  C.  HiUman,  1879. 
John  Guthridge,  1879. 
Wm.  Simpson,  1879. 
Peter  Wise  (Ist,  colored),  1879. 
Louis  T.  Derousse,  1880. 
Morris  Hallock,  1880. 
Abner  Sparks,  1880. 
Wm.  Severns,  1880. 
John  W.  Branning,  1880. 
John  Guthridge,  1880. 
■Tames  Kennedy,  1880. 
Hugh  Greenan,  188'^. 
Edward  S.  King,  1881. 
Morris  Hallock,  1881. 
Jesse  Turner,  1881. 
Timothy  J.  Middleton,  1881. 
John  Day,  1881. 
Thomas  McDowell,  1881. 
James  Kennedy,  1881. 
Peter  Postels  (colored),  1881. 
Edward  S.  King,  1882. 
MoiTis  Hallock,  1882. 
Wm.  H.  Chandler,  1882. 
John  G.  Miller,  1882. 
John  Day,  1882. 
Thomas  McDowell,  1882. 


James  Kennedy,  1882. 
Peter  Postels,  1882. 
Edward  S.  King,  1883. 
John  C.  Rogers,  1883. 
Walter  0.  Wartman,  1883. 
Augustus  F.  Eichter,  1883. 
John  Day,  1883. 
James  Mitchell,  1883. 
Elwood  Kemble,  1883. 
John  Schause,  1883. 
Charles  F.  Adams,  1884. 
John  Wells,  1884. 
Abner  Sparks,  1884. 
Rudolph  W.  Birdsell,  1884. 
John  Day,  1884. 
James  Mitchell,  1884. 
John  Blowe,  1884. 
Wm.  C.  Clarke,  1884. 
J.  Griffith  Howard,  1885. 
John  Wells,  1886. 
Edward  Mills,  1885. 
Charles  G.  Barto,  1885. 
Thomaa  A.  Wilson,  1885. 
James  M.  Fitzgerald,  1885. 
Richard  Hyde,  1885. 
Wm.  0.  Clarke,  1885. 
John  M.  Powell,  1886. 
Abram  L.  Thorn,  1886. 
Joseph  L.  Moore,  1886. 
Charles  G.  Barto,  1886. 
Thos.  Gordon,  1886. 
Isaac  Sharp,  1886. 
Joseph  A.  Starr,  1886. 
Wm.  C.  Clarke,  1886. 


The  following  is  a  list  of  the  names  of  the 
freeholders  of  Newton  township  from  1723 
to  1821.     There   is  no  record  prior  to  that 


Freeholders  from  Newton  Toivnship. 


Joseph  Cooiier,  1724. 
Thos.  Sharp,  1724. 
John  Kay,  1725. 
John  Kaighne,  1725. 
John  Hinchman,  1726. 
Wm.  Cooper,  1726. 
Joseph  Cooper,  1727. 
Joseph  Cooper,  Jr.,  1727. 
Robert  Zane,  1728. 
John  Kaighn,  1728. 
Wm.  Cooper,  1729. 
John  Kaighn,  1729. 
Robert  Zane,  1730. 
John  Kaighn,  1730. 
Robert  Zane,  1731. 
John  Kaighn,  1731. 
Robert  Zane,  1732. 
John  Kaighn,  1732. 
Tobias  HoUoway,  1733. 
Joseph  Kaighn,  1733. 
James  Hinchman,  1734. 
Timothy  Matlack,  1734. 
Joseph  Kaighn,  1735. 
Isaac  Cooper,  1735. 
Timothy  Matlack,  1736. 
Joseph  Kaighn,  1736. 
Timothy  Matlack,  1737. 
Joseph  Kaighn,  1737. 
Timothy  Matlack,  1738. 
James  Hinchman,  1738. 


Joseph  Kaighn,  1739. 
James  Hinchman,  1739. 
Timothy  Matlack,  1740. 
Robert  Hubbs,  1740. 
Isaac  Cooper,  1741. 
Ebenezer  Hopkins,  1741, 
Robert  Stephens,  1742. 
Ebenezer  Hopkins,  1742. 
Rubert  Stephens,  1743. 
Ebeneeer  Hopkins,  1743. 
Timothy  Matlack,  1744. 
Joseph  Ellis,  1744. 
Timothy  Matlack,  1745. 
Samuel  Clement,  174.5. 
Samuel  Clement,  1746. 
Isaac  Smith,  1746, 
Robert  Stephens,  1747. 
Joseph  Ellis,  1747. 
Robert  Stephens,  1748. 
Samuel  Clement,  1748. 
Robert  Stephens,  1749. 
Ebenezer  Hopkins,  1749. 
Ebenezer  Hopkins,  1750-51, 
Robert  Stephens,  1750-61. 
Ebenezer  Hopkins,  1752. 
Isaac  AlbertMon,  1752. 
Ebenezer  Hopkins,  1753. 
Isaac  Cooper,  1763. 
Ebenezer  Hopkins,  1764. 
Robert  Stephens,  1764. 


Ebenezer  Hopkins,  1755-66. 
Isaac  Cooper,  1765-56. 
Joseph  Ellis,  1757. 
Archibald  Mickle,  1757. 
Isaac  Mickle,  1758-59. 
Jacob  Clement,  1758-69. 
Isaac  Mickle,  1760-61. 
John  Hopkins,  1760-61. 
John  Gill,  1702. 
Joseph  Cooper,  1762. 
John  Gill,  1763. 
David  Bronson,  1763. 
Isaac  Mickle,  1764-65. 
Samuel  Clement,  Jr.,  1764-65. 
David  Branson,  1766-76. 
Isaac  Meckle,  1766-76. 
John  Gill,  1777. 
John  B.  Hopkins,  1777. 
John  Gill,  1778. 
Jacob  Stokes,  1778. 
Jacob  Stokes,  1779. 
Joseph  Cooper,  1779. 
Isaac  Mickle,  1780. 
JohnLitle,  1780. 
Isaac  Mickle,  1781. 
John  Middleton,  1781. 
Joseph  Cooper,  1782-83. 
John  Middleton,  1782-83. 
John  Gill,  1784-85. 
John  Middleton,  1784-85. 
John  GIU,  1786. 


J.  E.  Hopkins,  1786. 
J..hn  Gill,  1787-88. 
Edward  Gibbs,  1787-88. 
Marmaduke  Cooper,  1789-91. 
Edward  Oibbs,  1789-91. 
James  Sloan,  1791-93. 
Samuel  Cooper,  1792-93. 
James  Sloan,  1794. 
John  B.  Hopkins,  1794. 
John  E.  Hopkins,  1795-97. 
Joseph  Mickle,  1796-97. 
James  Hopkins,  1798-99. 
Jacob  Stokes,  1798-99. 
Jacob  Stokes.  1800-2. 
Marmaduke  Burr,    1803. 
James  Hurley,  1800-2. 
John  Ward,  1803. 
Jacob  stokes,  1804-6. 
James  Hurley,  1804-6. 
James  Hurley,  1807-10. 
Samuel  Clement,  1807-10. 
James  Hurley,  1811-15. 
Joseph  Kaighn,  1811-15. 
Joseph  Kaighn,  1816. 
Wm.  E.  Roberts,  1816. 
Joseph  Kaighn,  1817-19. 
.Tames  Hurley,  1817-19. 
John  Roberts,  1820. 
James  Cooper,  1820. 
Joseph  Kaighn,  1821. 
John  Roberts,  1821. 


The  records  of  the  township  from  1821  to 
about  1870  are  missing.  The  following  are 
the  names  of  the  freeholders  from  1844  to 
1865,  when Haddou   township  was   erected: 


John  Clement,  1844-45. 
Samuel  M.  Reeves,  1844-45. 
Samuel  M,  Beeves,  1846-54. 
Joseph  B.  Tatem,  1846-54. 
Richard  W.  Snowdon,  1855-56. 
Samuel  M.  Hinchman,  1855-66. 


Jesse  W.  Starr,  1867. 
William  D.  Rogers,  1857.. 
Jesse  W.  Starr,  1868. 
Samuel  S.  Willits,  1868. 
Samuel  S.  Willits,  1859-66. 


The  following  persons  represented  the  re- 
maining part  of  Newton  township  until  its 
annexation  to  Camden,  in  1871  : 


Henry  Davis,  1865. 
Michael  Creely,  1866. 


Henry  Davis,  1867-68. 
Thomas  Q.  Moffett,  1869-70. 


Haddon  township  was  represented  by 
Richard  Snowdon  from  its  organization,  in 
1867,  until  his  death,  in  January,  1883; 
since  that  time  Samuel  Wood  has  occupied 
the  position. 


1844.- 


Freeholdera  of  Union  Township. 


1845.- 


-John  D.  Glover. 

Abraham  Lippincott. 
-Edward  C.  Gibbs. 
Abraham  Lippincott. 
1846.— Jonathan  Williams 

Edward  C,  Gibbs. 
1847. — Abraham  Lippincott. 

1848  to  1854,— John  D.  Glover. 
1848. — Alexander  McKenzie. 

1849  to  1854— Cooper  P.Browning  1868,— Thomas  Hallam. 
1865 -Moses  G.  Boston,  1869.— Samuel  T.  Murphy 

Joel  C.  Reynolds, 


Mo- 


1866  to  I860.— Benjamin     S. 

Collister. 
1856-57. — Alexander  McKenzie. 
1858.— John  Redfleld. 
1861.— Samuel  T,  Murphy. 
1862  to  1865.— William   S.  McCol- 

lister. 
1866.— Samuel  Tatem. 
1867.^Benjamin  S,  McCollister. 


CIVIL  LIST. 


191 


Gloucester  City. 


1870-71.— John  C.  Stinsou. 
1872.— William  Emery. 
1873-74.— Samuel  T.  Murphy. 
1875.— John  C.  StinBon. 
1876.— Samuel  T.  Murphy. 
1877-79.— James  C.  Dobbs. 
1879-80.— Hugh  J.  Gorman. 


1881.— Patricic  Mealey. 
FiratWard,  1^82. -Hugh  Mullin. 
First  Ward,  1883-84.— Thos.  Moss. 
Firat  Ward,  1885-86.—  David      J. 

Doran. 
Second  Ward,  1882  to  1886.— Pat- 

riclc  Mealey. 


Freeholders  from  Stockton  Tovmakip. 


Asa  P.  Horner,  1859. 
John  W.  Potts,  1860-02. 
William  Carter,  180.3-65. 
John  J.  Lawrence,  1866-68. 
Joel  Horner,  1869-73. 
John  W.  Potts,  1874-76. 


Joel  Clement,  1877. 
Jacob  li.  Gi-oss,  1878-80. 
John  L.  Smith,  1881. 
Asa  P.  Horner,  1882. 
John  1.  Smith,  1883-86. 


Freeholders  from  Waterford  Toumship. 


John  I.  Githens,  1850-64. 
Richard  Stafford,  1850-54. 
John  I.  Githens,  1865-60. 
Joseph  L.  Thackara,  1855-56. 
Nixon  Bavis,  1867. 
Joseph  li.  Thaclvara,  1857. 


Joel  P.  Kirkbride,  1858. 
Joseph  Porter,  1859-60. 
Joseph  L.  Thackara,  1861-67. 
Samuel  S.  Cake,  1868-72. 
Joseph  L.  Thackaia,  1879-84. 
James  C.  Bishop,  1885-86. 


Freeholders  from  Centre  township, — 


John  D.  Glover,  1855. 
Cooper  P.  Browning,  1855. 
John  P.  Brick,  1856. 
Charles  L.  Willits,  1866. 
Samuel  P.  Lippincott,  1858. 
Zebedee  Nicholson,  1858. 
Abraham  Kowand,  1860-62. 
Benjamin  Shivers,  1863. 


Abraham  Kowand,  1864. 
Chalkly  Glover,  1866-68. 
James  Bell,  1870. 
Jos.  M.  Haines,  1872-74-76-78. 
John  Gill,  Jr.,  1880-81. 
James  Davis,  1882-84. 
John  D.  Glover,  1885-86. 


Freeholders  from  Gloucester  township.  The 
early  township  records   being   lost,  only  the 


names  of  freeholders  elected  in  the  township 
since  1863  could  be  obtained, — 


Richard  F.  Batten,  1863. 
T.  J.  Wentz,  1864-65. 
Joshua  Sickler,  1866-67. 
Charles  Buckman,  1868-69-70. 
Dauiel  Turner,  1871-72. 
Hiuchman  Lippincott,  1873-74. 


Jos.  C.  Lippincott,  1875-76. 
Edward  Rulon,  1877-78. 
T.  J.  Wentz,  1870-80. 
Henry  Steward,  1881-86. 
Benjamin  Tomlinson,  1881-8e 
George  H.  Higgins,  1881-86. 


Merchantville  was  not  entitled  to  a  free- 
holder until  1885,  when  a  special  act  was  passed 
by  the  Legislature  creating  the  office  for  that 
borough.  Charles  B.  Coles  was  elected  in 
1885  and  Charles  P.  Spangler  in  1886. 

Freeholders  from  Delaware  township, — 


Jacob  Troth,  1844. 
Joseph  Kay,  Jr.,  1844. 
John  M.  Haines,  1847. 
Benjamin  W.  Cooper,  1847. 
Abel  Fowler,  1848. 
Aaron  Moore,  1849. 
Job  B.Kay,  1851. 
Benjamin  Horner,  1851. 


Asa  P.  Horner,  1866. 
Isaac  Roberts,  1858. 
Richard  Shivers,  1863. 
Isaac  W.  Nicholson,  1870. 
Hugh  Sharp,  1881. 
William  Gratf,  1884. 
William  Graff,  1885. 


Freeholders  from  Winslow  township, — 


Andrew  K.  Hay. 
Jacob  Ware,  Sr. 
Charles  H.  French. 
Matthias  S.  Simmerman. 
Ezra  Stokes. 
Samuel  Norcross. 
Joseph  Shreve. 
John  J.  Sickler. 
Isaac  S.  Peacock. 


Uzical  Bareford. 
John  Carroll. 
I.  F.  Bodine. 
George  R.  Pratt. 
Ziba  Cain. 
Andrew  Ross. 
Andrew  P.  Ware. 
John  B.  Duble. 


Camden  City.... 

Newton  township 

Haddon  township' 

Gloucester  township 

Union  township 

Centre  township 

Gloucester  City 

Delaware  township 

Stockton  township 

Waterford  township 

Winslow  township 

Washington  township.... 

Monroe  township 

Merchantville  township.. 


Total. 


CENSUS   OF   CAMDEN   COUNTY. 


1850 


9,618 
2,421 


3,378 
3,284 


2,578 


1,639 
1,540 


25,422 


1855 


11,217 
3,353 


2,123 
2,453 
1,158 


3,058 


1,593 
1,855 
2,350 


29,160 


1860 


14,368 
4,055 


2,320 
2,865 
1,305 


1,602 
1,473 
1,955 
1,800 
1,307 
1,417 


34,457 


1865 


18,313 
2,547 
1,560 
2,355 
3,773 
1,267 


1,779 
1,350 
1,940 
1,473 
1,177 
810 


38,284 


1870 


20,045 
8,437 
1,926 
2,710 


1,718 
3,682 
1,625 
2,381 
2,071 
2,050 
1,567 
1,664 


46,193 


1875 


33,852 


2,541 
2,601 


1,261 
5,105 
1,358 
2,106 
2,003 
1,887 


380 


52,994 


1880 


41,569 


2,551 
2,527 


1,538 
5,347 
1,481 
3,093 
2,145 
2,158 


439 


64,818 


1885 


52,884 


3,270 
2,542 


1,723 
5,966 
1,572 
3,709 
2,098 
2,180 


741 


76,685 


'  Haddon  township  was  formed  from  Newton ;  Centre  from  Union  and  Gloucester,  in  1855 ; 
Gloucester  City  from  Union,  in  1868;  Stockton  from  Delawari',  in  1859;  Washington  and  Monroe  annexed 
to  Gloucester  County  ;  Merchantville  was  erected  from  parts  of  Delaware  and  Stockton,  and  Newton  w:is 
annexed  to  Camden,  in  1871. 


192 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Census  of  Gloucester  County  1732  to  1840  : 
1737,3267;  1745,  3506;  1790,  13,363; 
1800,  19,744. 


1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

Egg  Harbor* 

1830 
1018 

1035 
1895 
877 
781 
3281 
269!l 
1137 
3113 

2510 
29li0 
1424 
1270 
3599 
2657 
1574 
3033 

IIKD 
29Y8 
2859 

2570 

2837 

2077 

3U63 

3676 

1545 

17^6 

"iusi 

2059 

662 

2497 

2332 

686 

3298 

2837 

GJoucester  LOwnsbip 

1863 

3366 

1074 

Waterforrt    .                     

2106 

2417 

3088 

3467 

19,189 

23,089 

28,431 

25,446 

•  Sit  off  to  Atlantic  Oonnty,  1837. 

David  B.  Brown,  surrogate  of  Camcleu 
County  since  1866,  was  born  in  the  village 
of  Blackwood,  Camden  county,  on  the  21st  of 
March,  1833.  His  grandfather,  John  Brown, 
was  a  shoemaker,  and  according  to  the  custom 
of  his  day,  passed  from  house  to  house 
through  the  southern  part  of  the  county,  at- 
tending to  the  duties  of  his  trade. 

George  Brown,  the  father  of  Surrogate 
Brown,  was  married  to  Mary  Beckley,  whose 
ancestors  were  Germans.  His  trade  was 
that  of  a  wheelwright,  though  he  spent  much 
of  his  time  in  shipping  cord-wood  to  Phila- 
delphia and  there  selling  it. 

Surrogate  Brown  obtained  his  education  in 
the  schools  of  his  native  place,  taught  school 
for  a  short  time,  and  then  engaged  in  farm- 
work  until  he  arrived  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
eight  years.  In  1861,  when  the  call  for 
troops  from  the  Northern  States  was  made  by 
President  Lincoln  for  the  defense  of  the 
Union,  Mr.  Brown  was  one  of  those  brave 
spirits  who  was  quick  to  respond.  He  went 
to  Trenton  with  a  companion  and  was  en- 
listed on  May  21,  1861,  as  a  private  in  Com- 
pany D  of  the  Third  Regiment  of  New  Jer- 
sey Infantry.  He  and  his  comrade  were  the 
last  two  needed  to  complete  the  company, 
most  of  whose  members  were  from  Sussex- 
County    and    the    northeastern    counties    of 


Pennsylvania.  The  regiment  in  which  Mr. 
Brown  enlisted,  together  with  the  First, 
Second  and  Fourth,  formed  the  First  Bri- 
gade of  New  Jersey  Infantry  in  the  three 
years'  service  and  was  sent  to  the  defense  of 
Washington,  was  within  hearing  distance  of 
the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run,  though  not 
actively  engaged.  He  participated  with  his 
regiment  in  the  Seven  Days'  Battle  and  other 
severe  engagements  of  the  Peninsular  Cam- 
paign, under  General  McClellau ;  was  then 
transferred  up  the  Potomac  River  to  Alex- 
andria, where  it  engaged  in  a  skirmish,  and 
subsequently,  during  the  year  1862,  the  sec- 
ond battle  of  Bull  Run,  the  first  battle  of 
Fredericksburg  and  the  battle  of  Chantilly. 
He  was  promoted  sergeant  of  his  com- 
pany and  in  the  severe  engagement  at  Salem 
Church,  near  Fredericksburg,  he  was  severely 
wounded  by  a  rifle-ball  fracturing  the  ulna 
bone  of  his  right  forearm.  While  making  his 
way  to  the  rear  of  his  regiment,  after  receiv- 
ing his  wound,  he  unexpectedly  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  enemy,  and  placed  in  a  Confed- 
erate field  hospital.  While  there  his  wound 
was  dressed,  the  ulna  being  removed  by  Dr. 
Todd,  of  Georgia,  a  surgeon  in  the  Southern 
army  and  a  brother-in-law  of  President  Lin- 
coln. At  the  expiration  of  eight  days  Ser- 
geant Brown  was  paroled  and  first  sent  to  a 
field  hospital,  then  to  a  hospital  at  Washing- 
ton and  later  to  Chestnut  Hill  Hospital,  near 
Philadelphia,  where  he  filled  out  his  term  of 
enlistment,  and  was  discharged  May  12, 
1864.  In  the  mean  time,  after  his  wound  had 
partially  healed,  he  served  on  guard  duty  at 
the  hospital. 

On  May  5,  1866,  Mr.  Brown  was  ap- 
pointed surrogate  of  Camden  County  by 
Governor  Ward,  to  fill  the  unexpired  term 
of  Isaac  L.  Lowe,  who  died  in  office.  He 
was  elected  to  the  office  of  surrogate  in  No- 
vember, 1866,  and  re-elected  in  1871,  in 
1876  and  in  1881,  having  served  continu- 
ously in  the  same  office  for  a  period  of  twenty 
year.s,  which  in  itself  is  a  striking  evidence 


J. 


e<^^t/~z^ 


cyO 


S  /3^ 


yi^J—i>i^ 


CIVIL  LIST. 


193 


of  his  ability  and  efficiency  to  perform  its 
onerous  duties  and  of  the  confidence  reposed 
in  him  by  his  constituents. 

Mr.  Brown  was  married,  in  1868,  to  Mary 
Oliver,  of  Camden,  though  a  native  of  Bur- 
lington County,  who  died  three  years  later. 
In  1873  he  was  married  to  Mary  E.  Haines, 
of  Burlington  County,  by  whom  he  has  two 
children,  Bessie  and  George  S. 

Mr.  Brown  and  his  family  are  members  of 
the  Methodist  Church,  and  he  is  a  member 
of  T.  M.  K.  Lee  Post,  No.  5,  G.  A.  K.,  of 
Camden. 

Egbert  F.  Stockton  Heath  was  born 
in  the  city  of  Philadelphia  August  20, 1842, 
and  is  a  sou  of  the  late  Andrew  Heath,  well- 
known  as  one  of  the  first  conductors  of  the 
Camden  and  Amboy  Railroad.  His  prepar- 
atory education  was  acquired  in  the  schools 
of  Philadelphia  and  Camden,  and  he  then 
entered  the  Philadelphia  High  School,  from 
which  institution  he  was  graduated.  He 
began  business  as  an  employee  with  the  firm 
of  Thomas  White  &  Co.,  prominent  mer- 
chants of  Philadelphia,  engaged  in  the  job- 
bing millinery  trade  on  Second  Street,  above 
Chestnut,  and  then  the  leading  firm  in  the 
United  States  dealing  in  that  line  of  goods. 
He  continued  with  this  firm  until  the  death 
of  Mr.  White,  when  Lincoln,  Wood  & 
Nichols  became  the  successors,  and  removed 
the  establishment  to  725  Chestnut  Street,  and 
Mr.  Heath  was  given  charge  of  the  manu- 
facturing department.  Upon  the  dissolution 
of  this  firm  he  became  associated  with  P.  A. 
Harding  in  the  same  business,  from  1861  to 
1865,  and  then  with  Thomas  Morgan  &  Co. 
(Mr.  Heath  being  the  company)  until  the 
death  of  the  senior  partner. 

In  1875  he  associated  as  co-partner  in  the 
firm  of  G.  P.  Muller  &  Co.,  and  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  straw  goods  at  51 3  and  530 
Arch  Street,  which  firm  dissolved  by  limita- 
tion at  the  expiration  of  eight  years,  and  Mr. 
Heath,  in  1883,  began  and  has  since  continued 
the  manufacture  of  ladies'  straw  goods  at  an 
25 


extensive  establishment,  915  Filbert  Street,  in 
which  he  has  about  one  hundred  and  thirty 
workmen  constantly  employed.  He  has  fifty 
sewing-machines  running,  by  which  a!l  vari- 
eties of  braid  are  sewed  to  the  straw  goods.  The 
sizing,  blocking  and  finishing  at  his  factory 
are  all  done  by  steam-power,  and  the  color- 
ing and  the  pleating  of  the  goods  are  done  in 
the  works.  A  twelve  horse-power  engine 
and  a  twenty  horse-power  boiler  drive  the 
machinery,  and  long  lines  of  shafting  and 
floors  are  used  for  heating  purposes  in  the 
drying-rooms.  The  manufactured  goods  are 
sold  in  all  the  large  cities  of  the  Union 
from  the  home  office,  through  a  branch  house 
in  New  York,  and  by  resident  salesmen  in 
Pittsburgh,  St.  Louis  and  Chicago.  His 
business  career  has  been  marked  by  con- 
tinued success,  and  as  a  manufacturer  his  ad- 
vice and  opinions  are  frequently  sought  for 
by  others  and  his  judgment  considered  good. 

In  1881  Mr.  Heath  was  elected  by  the 
Democratic  party  to  represent  the  First  Dis- 
trict of  Camden  County  in  the  State  Legis- 
lature, and  after  serving  with  ability  and 
credit  for  one  term,  was  offered  a  re-election, 
which,  on  account  of  the  pressing  duties  of 
his  own  business  affairs,  he  was  compelled  to 
decline.  At  the  solicitation  of  members  of 
both  the  dominant  political  parties,  in  1885, 
he  accepted  the  nomination  and  was  elected 
register  of  deeds  for  Camden  County,  to 
serve  for  a  term  of  five  years,  a  position 
which  he  •  now  (1886)  fills  with  great  ac- 
ceptance to  his  constituents. 

In  1864  Mr.  Heath  was  married  to 
Josephine,  the  youngest  daughter  of  Captain 
Constant  Waithman.  Their  children  are 
Emma,  Matilda  (deceased)  and  Clara.  The 
entire  family  are  members  of  St.  Paul's  Epis- 
copal (Jhurch,  of  Camden,  of  which  Mr. 
Heath  is  a  vestryman.  He  is  a  prominent 
member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  of 
the  order  of  Odd-Fellows,  and  assisted  in  or- 
ganizing the  Knights  of  Pythias  in  New  Jer- 
sey, being  the  first  Grand  Chancellor  of  that 


194 


HISTOKY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


order  in  the  State.  Under  the  old  militia 
system  he  was  captain  of  Company  C,  of  the 
Second  Battalion,  under  Col.  McKeen,  and 
afterwards  held  the  commission  as  captain  of 
Company  B,  of  the  Sixth  Regiment,  under 
Col.  W.  J.  Sewell. 

Edward  Burrough  is  a  son  of  Joseph 
A.  and  Mary  H.  Burrough,  and  was  born 
upon  the  farm  where  he  now  resides, 
in  Delaware  township,  midway  between 
Merchantville  and  Colestown,  September 
5,  1843.  He  is  a  member  of  the  fifth  gen- 
eration who  have  been  in  possession  of  that 
farm  in  continuous  succession,  and  from  reli- 
able data  is  of  the  same  family  of  Burroughs 
that  Edward  Burrough,  the  eminent  minister 
of  the  Society  of  Friends  (contemporary  with 
George  Fox),  came  from.  All  of  his  ances- 
tors on  both  sides  were  members  of  the 
Society  of  Friends,  and  although  by  a  pecu- 
liar decree  of  their  Discipline  he  is  not  a 
member  of  it,  yet  his  religious  affiliations 
remain  with  that  society,  under  which 
he  was  reared.  He  was  given  such  advan- 
tages for  acquiring  an  education  as  the 
district  schools  of  his  youth  afforded,  going 
to  school  during  the  winter  months  and 
working  upon  the  farm  during  the  other 
portions  of  the  year  until  he  reached  his 
seventeenth  year,  when  he  was  sent  to  the 
Friends'  Academy,  at  Haddoufield,  for  two 
winters,  and  continued  to  work  upon 
the  farm  during  the  summer  months. 
In  the  fall  of  1862  he  entered  Treemont 
Seminary,  at  Norristown,  Pa.,  and  completed 
his  scholastic  course  in  a  five  months'  term. 
Notwithstanding  his  hap-hazard  opportuni- 
ties, he  has  acquired  a  fair  education,  and  he 
still  continues  his  studious  habits.  Mr. 
Burrough  was  a  strong  Unionist  during  the 
Rebellion,  having  imbibed  from  his  ancestors 
their  abolition  principles.  On  July  15, 1864, 
he  was  one  of  the  company  of  minute-men 
who  left  Camden  for  the  defense  of  Baltimore 
under  the  command  of  Captain  R.  H.  Lee, 
and  was   mustered  into   the  service  of  the 


United  States  and  assigned  to  duty  at  Fort 
Dix,  near  the  Relay  House,  on  the  Baltimore 
and  Ohio  Railroad ;  they  were  attached  to 
the  First  Separate  Brigade,  Eighth  Army 
Corps,  under  Major-General  Lew  Wallace, 
General  E.  B.  Tyler  being  their  brigade- 
commander.  At  the  expiration  of  their  term 
of  service  they  returned  to  Camden  and  were 
regularly  mustered  out. 

In  the  spring  of  1865  his  father  died,  which 
event  prevented  his  return  to  the  army  and 
compelled  him  to  at  once  begin  the  business 
of  farming,  and  although  scarcely  twenty-one 
years  of  age,  and  loaded  with  heavy  responsi- 
bilities, he  at  once  applied  his  energies  to 
lightening  his  burden  and  securing  himself  a 
home.  Being  imbued  with  the  idea  that 
farming  in  New  Jersey  was  as  honorable  a 
calling  as  any  other  pursuit,  and  that 
farmers  as  a  class  should  learn  to  honor  their 
business,  he  took  an  active  interest  in 
organizing  the  ''  Farmers'  Association  "  of 
this  county  in  1872,  and  has  been  an  active 
advocate  of  the  many  reforms  instituted  and 
carried  out  by  that  association,  among  which 
was  the  removal  of  the  calf  and  stock  mar- 
kets from  Philadelphia  to  Camden,  which 
was  soon  followed  by  locating  a  hay  and 
cabbage  market  on  this  side  of  the  river. 
He  was  also  instrumental  in  bringing  about 
an  amicable  arrangement  with  the  ferry 
companies,  whereby  a  reduction  in  the  rates 
on  teams  was  secured.  His  activity  in 
these  matters  soon  attracted  the  attention 
of  the  farmers  of  Burlington  County,  and 
against  his  wishes  he  was  elected  a  director 
of  the  Moorestown  Agricultural  Society,  and 
soon  after  its  vice-president,  a  position  he 
resigned  in  the  spring  of  1886.  He  had 
several  years  been  a  member  of  the  execu- 
tive couimittee  of  the  State  Board  of  Agri- 
culture, and  in  February,  1886,  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Board,  thus  placing  him  at 
the  head  of  the  agricultural  interests  of  the 
State. 

In  1867  he  was  elected  clerk  of  Delaware 


CIVIL  LIST. 


196 


township,  which  position  he  held  until  the 
fall  of  1878,  when  he  resigned  upon  receiving 
the  nomination  for  the  Assembly,  to  which  he 
was  elected  for  two  terms. 

In  1870  he  was  appointed  an  assistant  mar- 
shal to  take  the  ninth  United  States  census 
of  Delaware,  Stockton  and  Haddon  town- 
ships. When  the  State  was  redistricted,  in 
conformity  with  the  present  public  school 
laws,  he  exerted  himself  to  have  proper 
school  facilities  afforded  the  neighborhood,  in 
which  he  lived,  and  succeeded  in  securing  a 
district  school,  and  was  appointed  a  trustee 
by  the  first  county  superintendent  of  Camden 
and  Burlington  Counties  (in  which  latter 
county  the  school  building  is  situated) ;  this 
position  he  resigned  at  the  annual  meeting, 
but  the  next  year,  against  his  earnest  protest, 
he  was  elected  a  trustee,  and  still  continues 
in  that  position,  and  for  the  last  five  years 
has  been  clerk  of  the  district. 

In  1873  he  was  appointed  chairman  of  the 
Centennial  Committee  of  the  West  Jersey 
Farmers'  Conference  Club,  which  committee 
was  also  appointed  an  auxiliary  Board  for 
Camden  and  Burlington  Counties  by  the 
Centennial  Board  of  Finance.  This  position 
brought  him  in  acquaintance  with  those  in 
charge  of  this  department  of  the  great 
Exposition  and  familiarized  him  with  their 
arduous  duties,  and  the  efforts  put  forth 
by  the  citizens  of  Philadelphia  to  com- 
plete the  buildings  and  make  the  Exposition 
a  success. 

In  1878,  he  was  solicited  by  his  political 
friends  to  become  a  candidate  for  the  Legis- 
lature, and  after  considerable  hesitancy  con- 
sented, and  received  the  nomination  of  his 
party  in  the  first  Assembly  District,  and  was 
elected  by  a  majority  of  one  thousand  four 
hundred  and  eighty-one,  being  the  largest 
majority  ever  given  to  a  member  of  the  As- 
sembly in  New  Jersey.  A  redistricting  of 
the  State  followed  his  election,  which  placed 
him  in  the  Second  Assembly  district.  And 
in  the  fall  of  1879  he  was  again  nominated  by 


the  Republicans,  and  although  a  decided  off 
year  in  politics,  there  being  only  his  own  and 
the  county  collector's  name  on  the  ticket  (and 
the  canvass  consequently  a  very  quiet  one), 
he  was  again  elected  by  nearly  four  hundred 
majority.  His  career  in  the  Legislature  was 
without  spot  or  blemish,  and  proved  very 
satisfactory  to  his  constituents,  and  threw 
him  into  the  acquaintance  of  the  prominent 
men  of  the  State  of  all  parties,  the  respect  of 
whom  he  ever  after  maintained.  Never  of 
robust  health,  he  yet  possessed  a  sort  of 
wiry  constitution,  which  for  twenty  years 
enabled  him  to  perform  the  work  of  a  much 
stronger  man.  He  eventually  overrated  his 
strength,  which  brought  on  a  series  of  heart 
troubles  that  prevented  him  from  performing 
further  manual  labor.  He  became  a  candi- 
date for  the  office  of  county  clerk  in  the  fall 
of  1885.  Always  a  Republican  and  an  ac- 
tive partisan,  he  yet  never  sought  an  office 
until  he  asked  the  support  of  his  friends  for 
the  position  above-mentioned.  He  was  sin- 
gularly successful  in  his  canvass  for  the  nom- 
ination, and  received  the  entire  vote  of  the 
convention.  Owing  to  a  combination  of  cir- 
cumstances over  which  he  had  no  control,  the 
campaign  was  an  apathetic  one  and  the  vote 
of  his  party  a  very  small  one.  He,  however, 
was  elected  by  a  small  majority,  wdiich  led 
his  opponents  to  perpetrate  infamous  frauds 
to  overcome  his  majority.  Feeling  confident 
that  he  was  fairly  and  legally  elected,  he 
procured  able  counsel  and  prosecuted  the 
case  to  a  successful  termination,  and  on  the 
25th  day  of  February,  1886,  he  was  duly 
commissioned  and  qualified  as  County  Clerk 
of  the  County  of  Camden,  which  position  he 
still  holds.  He  maintains  his  residence  upon 
his  farm,  where  it  is  his  desire  to  end  his 
existence. 

(In  every  position  that  he  held  he  always 
recognized  the  rights  of  all  parties  in  his 
official  acts,  maintaining  that  as  they  were 
alike  expected  to  obey  the  laws,  they  were 
equally   entitled  to   be   heard ;   that  as   an 


196 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


office-holder  he  was  as  much  the  servant  of 
the  minority  as  he  was  of  the  majority ; 
but  upon  strict  party  issues  he  was  always  a 
firm  adherent  to  the  party  to  which  he  was 
allied.) 

On  the  23rd  of  November,  1870,  he  mar- 
ried Emily  Collins,  only  child  of  William 
and  Martha  Collins,  of  Moorestown,  Burling- 
ton County.  No  children  have  ever  rewarded 
their  union,  and  they  are  obliged  to  remain 
without  the  endearing  prattle  of  childish 
voices  in  their  large  country  home.  Edward 
Burrough  has  but  one  sister,  the  wife  of 
the  present  Deputy  County  Clerk,  and  she, 
like  himself,  is  childless. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

the  bench  and  bar  of  camden  county. 

Outline  of  Eaely  Legal  History  of 
New  Jersey. — After  the  settlement  of  the 
dispute  between  John  Fenwick  (who  had  ac- 
quired of  Lord  John  Berkley  the  undivided 
one-half  of  New  Jersey)  and  the  creditors  of 
Edward  Byllynge  (February  9,  1674),  steps 
were  taken  by  those  interested  to  procure  a 
division  of  the  territory.  This  was  done  by 
a  quintipartite  deed,  dated  July  1,  1676, 
made  between  the  proprietors  of  East  New 
Jersey  and  the  pro]irietors  of  West  New 
Jersey,  which  fixed  the  boundary.  This 
made  two  separate  and  distinct  provinces  of 
the  original  territory,  each  of  which  estab- 
lished a  government  of  its  own,  with  legis- 
lative, judicial,  and  executive  powers.  The 
proprietors  and  owners  of  West  New  Jersey 
issued  (March  3,  1676)  their  "concessions 
and  agreements "  in  forty-four  chapters, 
somewhat  in  the  nature  of  a  constitution,  and 
upon  which  all  the  laws  passed  by  the  legis- 
lature should  be  based.  These  governments 
were  separately  maintained  until  1702,  when 
the  inhabitants  of  both  provinces  joined  in  a 
petition  to  Queen  Anne  of  England,  to  as- 


sume the  government.  The  surrender  was 
signed  April  15,  1702,  and  two  days  after 
the  Queen  accepted  it,  and  November  14th, 
in  the  same  year,  appointed  Edward  Lord 
Cornbury,  Captain-General  and  Governor  of 
the  Province  of  Nova  Csesarea,  or  New  Jer- 
sey in  America. 

This  was  the  commencement  of  a  new 
epoch  in  the  history  of  the  courts  of  New 
Jersey  ;  and  the  commission  and  instructions 
delivered  by  Queen  Anne  to  Lord  Cornbury, 
as  the  first  Governor  of  the  new  colony, 
were,  in  fact,  its  second  Constitution.  lu  these 
instructions  the  attention  of  the  Governor 
was  especially  called  to  the  laws  which  he 
might  find  in  existence,  and  concerning  them 
he  is  enjoined  as  follows  :  "  You  are  with  all 
convenient  speed  to  cause  a  collection  to  be 
made  of  all  the  Laws,  Orders,  Rules,  or  such 
as  have  hitherto  served  or  been  reputed  as 
Laws  amongst  the  Inhabitants  of  our  said 
Province  of  Nova  Cccsarea  or  New  Jersey, 
and  together  with  our  aforesaid  Council  and 
Assembly,  you  ai'e  to  revise,  correct  and 
amend  the  same,  as  may  be  necessary." 

Concerning  the  passage  of  laws  by  the 
General  Assembly,  it  is  remarkable  that  at 
that  early  period  a  provision  should  have 
been  made  in  this  Constitution,  the  omission 
of  which  in  the  Constitution  of  1776  was  so 
seriously  felt,  that  it  was  introduced  into  the 
Constitution  of  1 844,  and  may  now  be  found 
in  nearly  all  tiie  Constitutions  of  the  differ- 
ent States  of  the  Union.  It  is  in  regard  to 
the  intermixing  of  different  laws  in  one  and 
the  same  act,  and  is  as  follows:  "You  are 
also,  as  much  as  possible,  to  observe  in  the 
passing  of  all  Laws,  that  whatever  may  be 
requisite  upon  each  different  matter,  be  ac- 
cordingly provided  for  by  a  different  Law 
without  intermixing  in  one  and  the  same 
Act  such  Things  as  have  no  proper  Relation 
to  each  other  ;  and  you  are  especially  to  take 
care  that  no  Clause  or  Clauses  be  inserted  in 
or  annexed  to  any  act  which  shall  be  foreign  to 
what  the  Title  of  such  respective  Act  imports." 


THE  BENCH  AND  BAK. 


197 


The  provision  of  the  Constitution  of  1844 
is  evidently  taken  from  the  foregoing.  It 
is  in  these  words :  "  To  avoid  improper 
influences  which  may  result  from  intermix- 
ing in  one  and  the  same  act  such  things  as 
have  no  relation  to  each  other,  every  law 
shall  embrace  but  one  object,  and  that  shall 
be  expressed  in  the  title." 

In  the  matter  of  erecting  courts  or  offices 
of  judicature,  it  is  curious  that  the  com- 
mission of  the  Governor  and  his  instructions 
should  be  so  much  at  variance.  In  the 
instructions  he  is  commanded  as  follows : 
"  You  shall  not  erect  any  Court  or  Office  of 
Judicature,  not  before  erected  or  established, 
without  our  especial  Order."  In  his  com- 
mission, on  the  other  hand,  we  find  as  fol- 
lows :  "  And  do  further  give  and  grant  unto 
you  full  Power  and  Authority,  with  the 
Advice  and  Consent  of  our  said  Council,  to 
erect,  constitute  and  establish  such  and  so 
many  Courts  of  Judicature  and  Public  Jus- 
tice within  our  said  Province  under  your 
Government  as  you  and  they  shall  think  fit 
and  necessary  for  the  hearing  and  determin- 
ing of  all  Causes  as  well  Criminal  as  Civil, 
according  to  Law  and  Equity,  and  for 
awarding  execution  thereupon  with  all 
reasonable  and  necessary  Powers,  Authorities, 
Fees,  and  Privileges  belonging  unto  them." 

By  virtue,  then,  of  his  commission,  which 
conferred  upon  him  and  his  Council  jiowers' 
hitherto  enjoyed  by  the  General  Assembly, 
the  Governor  promulgated  in  1704  the  first 
"  Ordinance  of  Establishing  Courts  of  Judi- 
cature," which  really  forms  the  foundation 
of  the  whole  judicial  system  of  New  Jersey. 
"  All  that  has  been  done  from  that  day  to 
this,"  says  Judge  Field  in  his  discourse  be- 
fore mentioned,  "  has  been  to  fill  up,  as  it 
were,  the  outlines  which  he  sketched  ;  to  add 
some  additional  apartments  to  the  judicial 
edifice  which  he  constructed." 

This  ordinance,  which  was,  perhaps,  un- 
known, certainly  unnoticed,  not  only  by  the 
historians  of  New  Jersey,  but  by  those  who 


have  written  upon  its  courts  of  justice,  is  so 
interesting  that  it  is  here  given  in  full,  as  it 
appears  in  the  appendix  to  Judge  Field's 
discourse,  where  it  was  printed  for  the  first 
time  since  its  publication  in  1704, — 

An  Ordinance  foe  Establishing  Courts  of 
Judicature. 

Whereas,  her  most  Sacred  Majesty,  Anne,  by  the 
Grace  of  God,  Queen  of  England,  Scotland,  France 
and  Ireland,  Defender  of  the  Faith,  &c.,  by  her 
Eoyal  Letters  Patents,  bearing  date  the  fifth  day  of 
December,  in  the  first  year  of  Her  Majesty's 
Eeign,  did,  among  other  things  therein  mentioned, 
give  and  grant  unto  his  Excellency,  Edward  Vis- 
count Cornbury,  Captain-General  and  Governour- 
in-Chief  in  and  over  the  Province  of  Nova  Casarea, 
or  New  Jersey,  &c.,  full  Power  and  Authority, 
with  the  Advice  and  Consent  of  her  Majesty's 
Council  of  the  said  Province,  to  erect,  constitute 
and  establish  such  and  so  many  Courts  of  Judica- 
ture and  public  Justice  within  the  said  Province 
and  Territories  depending  thereon,  as  his  said 
Excellency  and  Council  shall  think  fit  and  neces- 
sary, for  the  Hearing  and  Determining  of  all 
Causes,  as  well  Criminal  as  Civil,  according  to 
Law  and  Equity,  and  for  awarding  Execution 
thereupon,  with  all  necessary  Powers,  Authorities, 
Fees  and  Privileges  belonging  to  them. 

His  Excellency,  the  Governour,  by  and  with 
the  advice  and  Consent  of  her  Majesty's  Council, 
and  by  Virtue  of  the  Powers  and  Authorities 
derived  unto  him  by  her  said  Majesty's  Letters 
Patents,  doth  by  these  Presents  Ordain,  and  it  is 
hereby  Ordained  by  the  Authority  aforesaid,  That 
every  Justice  of  the  Peace  that  resides  within  any 
Town  or  County  within  this  Province,  is  by  these 
Presents  fully  empowered  and  authorized  to  have 
Cognizance  of  all  Causes  or  Cases  of  Debt  and 
Trespasses,  to  the  Value  of  Forty  Shillings,  or 
under ;  which  Causes  or  Cases  of  Debt  and  Tres- 
passes, to  the  value  of  Forty  Shillings  or  under, 
shall  and  may  be  Heard,  Try'd  and  finally  Deter- 
mined without  a  Jury,  by  every  Justice  of  the 
Peace  residing,  as  aforesaid. 

The  Process  of  Warning  against  a  Free-holder  or 
Inhabitant  shall  be  by  Summons  under  the  Hand 
of  the  Justice,  directed  to  the  Constable  of  the 
Town  or  Precinct,  or  to  any  deputed  by  him,  where 
the  party  complained  aga;inst  does  live  or  reside ; 
which  Summons  being  personally  served  or  left  at 
the  Defendant's  House,  or  his  place  of  Abode,  four 
days  before  the  hearing  of  the  Plaint,  shall  be  sufii- 
cient  Authority  to  and  for  the  said  Justice  to  proceed 


198 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


to  hear  such  Cause  or  Causes  and  Determine  the 
same  in  the  Defendant's  absence,  and  to  grant 
Execution  thereupon  against  the  Defendant's 
Person,  or  for  want  thereof,  his  Goods  and  Chatties, 
which  the  Constable,  or  his  Deputy,  of  that  Town 
or  Precinct,  shall  and  may  serve,  unless  some 
reasonable  excuse  for  the  Parties  absence  appear 
to  the  Justice. 

And  the  Process  against  an  Itinerant  Person, 
Inmate  or  Foreigner  shall  be  by  Warrant  from  any 
one  Justice  of  the  Peace,  to  be  served  by  any 
Constable,  or  his  Deputy,  within  that  County, 
who  shall  by  Virtue  thereof  arrest  the  Party,  and 
him  safely  keep  till  he  be  carried  before  the  said 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  who  shall  and  may  imme- 
diately hear,  try  and  finally  determine  of  all  such 
Causes  and  Cases  of  Debt  and  Trespass,  to  the 
Value  of  Forty  Shillings,  or  under,  by  awarding 
Judgment  and  Execution  ;  and  if  payment  be  not 
immediately  made,  the  Constable  is  to  deliver  the 
Party  to  the  Sheriif,  who  is  hereby  required  to 
take  him  into  Custody,  and  him  safely  keep  till 
payment  be  made  of  the  same,  with  charges ; 
Always  Provided,  That  an  Appeal  to  the  Justices 
at  the  next  Court  of  Sessions  held  for  this  said 
County,  shall  be  allowed  for  any  sum  upwards  of 
Twenty  Shillings. 

And  his  said  Excellency,  by  the  advice  and 
consent  aforesaid,  doth  by  these  Presents  further 
Ordain,  That  there  shall  be  kept  and  holden  a 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  each  respective  County 
within  this  Province,  which  shall  be  holden  in 
each  County  at  such  place  where  the  General 
Court  of  Sessions  is  usually  held  and  kept,  to 
begin  immediately  after  the  Sessions  of  the  Peace 
does  end  and  terminate,  and  then  to  hold  and  con- 
tinue as  long  as  there  is  any  business,  not  exceed- 
ing three  days. 

And  the  several  and  respective  Courts  of  Pleas 
hereby  established  shall  have  power  and  Jurisdic- 
tion to  hear,  try  and  finally  determine  all  actions, 
and  all  Matters  and  Things  Tryable  at  Common 
Law,  of  what  nature  or  kind  soever.  Provided 
always,  and  it  is  hereby  Ordained,  That  there  may, 
and  shall  be  an  Appeal  or  Kemoval  by  Habeas 
Corpus,  or  any  other  lawful  Writ,  of  any  Person 
or  any  Action  or  Suit  depending,  and  of  Judg- 
ment or  Execution  that  shall  be  determined  in 
the  said  respective  Courts  of  Pleas,  upwards  of 
Ten  Pounds,  and  of  any  Action  or  Suit  wherein 
the  Right  or  Title  of,  in  or  to  any  Land,  or  any- 
thing relating  thereto,  shall  be  brought  into  Dis- 
pute upon  Tryal. 

And  it  is  further  Ordained  by  the  Authority  afore- 
said, That  the  General  Sessions  of  the  Peace  shall 


be  held  in  each  respective  County  within  this 
Province,  at  the  Times  and  Places  hereafter 
mentioned,  that  is  to  say : 

For  the  County  o( Middlesex,  at  Amboy,  the  third 
Tuesdays  in  February,  May  and  August;  and  the 
fourth  Tuesday  in  November. 

For  the  County  of  Bergen,  at  Bergen,  the  first 
Tuesdays  in  February,  May  and  August;  and  the 
second  Tuesday  in  November. 

For  the  County  of  Essex,  at  Newark,  the  second 
Tuesdays  of  February,  May  and  August;  and  the 
third  Tuesday  in  November. 

For  the  County  of  Monmouth,  at  Shrewsbury,  the 
fourth  Tuesdays  in  February,  May  and  August; 
and  the  first  Tuesday  in  December. 

For  the  County  of  Burlington,  at  Burlington, 
the  first  Tuesdays  in  March,  June  and  September; 
and  the  second  Tuesday  in  December. 

For  the  County  of  Olouoester,  the  second  Tues- 
days in  March,  June  and  September;  and  the  third 
Tuesday  in  December. 

For  the  County  of  Salem,  at  Salcin,  the  third 
Tuesdays  in  March,  June  and  September ;  and  the 
fourth  Tuesday  i  n  December. 

For  the  County  of  Cape  May,  at  the  house  of 
Shamger  Hand,  the  fourth  Tuesdays  in  March, 
June  and  September,  and  the  first  Tuesday  in  Jan- 
uary. Which  General  Sessions  of  the  Peace  in 
each  respective  County  aforesaid  shall  hold  and 
continue  for  any  term  not  exceeding  two  days. 

And  be  itfurtlirr  Ordained  by  the  Authority  afore- 
said, That  there  shall  be  held  and  kept  at  the 
Cities  or  Towns  of  Perth  Amboy  and  Burlington 
alternately  a  Supream  Court  of  Judicature,  which 
Supreap  Court  is  hereby  fully  impowered  to 
have  cognizance  of  all  Pleas,  Civil,  Criminal 
and  Mixt  as  fully  and  amply,  to  all  intents  and 
•purposes  whatsoever,  as  the  Courts  of  Quern's 
Bench,  Common  Pleas  and  Exchequer  within  her 
Majesty's  Kingdom  of  England  have  or  ought  to 
have,  in  and  to  which  Supream  Court  all  and 
every  Person  and  Persons  whatsoever  shall  and 
may,  if  they  see  meet,  commence  any  Action  or 
Suit,  the  Debt  or  Damage  laid  in  such  Action 
or  Suit  being  upwards  of  Ten  Pounds,  and  shall 
or  may  by  Certioniri,  Ifuhea^  Corpus,  or  any  other 
lawful  Writ,  remove  out  of  any  of  the  respective 
Courts  of  Sessions  of  the  Peace  or  Common  Pleas, 
any  information  or  Indictment  there  depending, 
orjudgment  thereupon  given  or  to  be  given  in  any 
Criminal  Matter  whatsoever  cognizable  before 
them,  or  any  of  them,  as  also  all  Actions,  Pleas  or 
Suits,  real,  personal  or  mixt,  depending  in  any  of 
the  said  Courts,  and  all  Judgments  thereupon 
given,  or  to  be  given.    Prooided  Always,  That  the 


THE  BENCH  AND  BAR. 


199 


Action,  or  Suit,  depending,  or  Judgment  given  be 
upwards  of  the  Value  of  Ten  Pounds,  or  that  the 
Action,  or  Suit,  there  depending  or  determined, 
be  concerning  the  Eight  or  Title  of  any  Free-hold. 

And  out  of  the  office  of  which  Supream  Court  at 
Amboy  and  Burlington  all  process  shall  issue, 
under  the  Test  of  the  Chief  Justice  of  the  said 
Court;  unto  which  Office  all  Eeturns  shall  be 
made.  Which  Supream  Court  shall  be  holden  at 
the  Cities  of  Amboy  and  Burlington  alternately, 
at  Amboy  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  May,  and  at  Bur- 
lington on  the  first  Tuesday  in  November,  annually, 
and  every  year ;  and  each  session  of  the  said  Court 
shall  continue  for  any  Term  not  exceeding  five 
days.  And  one  of  the  Justices  of  the  said  Supream 
Court  shall  once  in  every  year,  if  need  shall  so 
require,  go  the  Circuit,  and  hold  and  keep  the  said 
Supream  Court,  for  the  County  of  Bergen  at  Ber- 
gen, on  the  third  Tuesday  in  April.  For  the 
County  of  Essex  at  Newark,  on  the  fourth  Tuesday 
in  April.  For  the  County  of  Monmouth  at 
Shrewsbury,  the  second  Tuesday  in  May.  For 
the  County  of  Gloucester  at  Gloucester,  the  third 
Tuesday  in  May.  For  the  County  of  Salem  at 
Salem,  the  fourth  Tuesday  in  May.  For  the 
County  of  Cape  May,  at  Shamger  Hands,  the  first 
Tuesday  in  June.  Which  Justice,  when  he  goes 
the  Circuit,  shall  in  each  respective  County  be 
assisted  by  two  or  more  Justices  of  the  Peace  dur- 
ing the  time  of  two  days,  whilst  the  Court,  in  the 
Circuit,  is  sitting,  and  no  longer. 

And  it  is  further  Ordained  by  the  Authority  afore- 
said.  That  all  and  every  of  the  Justices  or  Judges  of 
the  several  Courts  afore-mentioned,  be,  and  are 
hereby  sufficiently  Impowered  and  Authorized  to 
make,  ordain  and  establish  all  such  Rules  and 
Orders,  for  the  more  regular  practising  and  pro- 
ceeding in  the  said  Courts,  as  fully  and  amply,  to 
all  intents  and  purposes  whatsoever,  as  all  or  any 
of  the  Judges  of  the  several  Courts  of  the  Queen's 
Bench,  Common  Pleas  and  Exchequer,  in  England, 
legally  do. 

And  it  is  further  Ordained  by  the  Authority  afore- 
said, that  no  Person's  Eight  of  Property  shall  be, 
by  any  of  the  aforesaid  Courts,  Determined,  ex- 
cept where  matters  of  Fact  are  either  acknowl- 
edged by  the  Parties,  or  Judgment  confessed,  or 
passeth,  by  the  Defendant's  fault  for  want  of 
Plea  or  Answer,  unless  the  Fact  be  found  by 
Verdict  of  Twelve  Men  of  that  Neighbourhood,  as 
it  ought  to  be  done  by  Law. 

CORNBURY. 

A  Court  of  Chancery  always  existed  in 
the  State  of  New  Jersey,  although  its  powers 


were  not  at  first  vested  in  a  single  person. 
During  the  proprietary  government  the 
Court  of  Common  Rights  exercised  Chancery 
powers  and  was  virtually  the  Court  of 
Chancery  until  1698.  Subsequent  to  that 
time,  until  1705,  this  court  was  undoubtedly 
held  by  the  Governor  and  Council,  and  after 
1705  its  authority  was  vested  in  the  Gover- 
nor, or  Lieutenant-Governor,  and  three 
members  of  the  Council.  In  1718  Gov- 
ernor Hunter  assumed  the  office  of  chan- 
cellor, and  continued  to  exercise  its  authority 
until  his  resignation,  in  1720.  Although 
this  act  of  Governor  Hunter  was  condemned 
by  the  people  as  an  unauthorized  assumption 
of  power,  it  received  the  approval  of  the 
King's  government,  and  was  adopted  by  his 
successor.  Governor  Burnet,  who  took  especial 
delight  in  his  duties  as  chancellor.  Three 
years  after  the  advent  of  Governor  Franklin 
an  effort  was  made  by  him  (1768)  to  secure 
such  action  on  the  part  of  the  Council  and 
General  Assembly  as  would  place  the  Court 
of  Chancery  on  a  better  footing.  He 
called  for  a  master  of  the  rolls,  a  mas- 
ter in  Chancery  for  one  division  of  the 
province,  two  Masters  in  Chancery  for  the 
other  division  and  a  sergeant-at-arms  in 
each  division.  But  the  General  Assembly 
caring  little  for  the  Court  of  Chancery,  paid 
no  further  attention  to  the  Governor's  re- 
quest. 

Two  years  afterwards  the  Governor  took 
the  matter  in  his  own  hands,  and,  by  virtue 
of  the  powers  conferred  upon  him  by  his 
commission,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the  Council,  he  adopted  an  ordinance  con- 
cerning the  Court  of  Chancery,  by  which  he 
appointed  and  commissioned  such  masters, 
clerks,  examiners,  registers  and  other  neces- 
sary officers  as  wei^e '  needed  in  the  court. 
There  were  no  essential  changes  made  in  the 
provisions  of  this  ordinance,  even  by  the  Con- 
stitution of  July,  1776,  which  also  united 
the  offices  of  Governor  and  chancellor,  and 
this  union  continued  until  the  adoption  of  the 


200 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


present  Constitution,  wliich  separated  these 
two  offices  and  allowed  a  Governor  to  be 
chosen  from  any  of  the  professions  or  voca- 
tions of  life. 

There  is  no  evidence  that,  prior  to  1733, 
any  previous  term  of  study  was  required  as  a 
qualification  for  admission  to  the  bar.  In 
that  year,  during  the  administration  of  Gov- 
ernor Cosby,  it  is  said  by  Judge  Field,  in  his 
work  already  quoted,  "that  it  was  provided  by 
an  act  of  Assembly  that  no  person  should 
be  permitted  to  practice  as  an  attorney-at- 
law  but  such  as  had  served  an  apprenticeship 
of  at  least  seven  years  with  some  able  attor- 
ney licensed  to  practice,  or  had  pursued  the 
study  of  law  for  at  least  four  years  after  com- 
ing of  full  age."  If  any  such  law  was  at 
that  time  passed  it  was  no  longer  in  force  in 
1762,  as  it  does  not  appear  in  "  Nevill's 
Laws,"  published  in  that  year.  The  provis- 
ion referred  to  by  Judge  Field  was  probably 
contained  in  the  act  entitled,  "  An  Act  for  the 
better  Enforcing  an  Ordinance  made  for  Es- 
tablishing of  Fees  and  for  Regulating  the 
Practice  of  the  Law,"  which  was  disallowed 
by  the  King  in  Council  April  3,  1735. 
Whatever  has  been  done  since  that  time  to 
keep  "  persons  of  mean  parts  and  slender  at- 
tainments "  out  of  the  profession  has  been 
done  not  by  acts  of  the  Legislature,  but  by 
the  rules  of  the  Supreme  Court. 

The  lawyers  of  New  Jersey  were  the  first 
among  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  American 
colonies  to  resist  systematically  those  oppres- 
sive measures  on  the  part  of  England  which 
led  to  the  Declaration  of  Independence  and 
the  War  of  the  Revolution.  The  first  of  the 
most  odious  of  these  measures  was  the  Stamp 
Act,  which  was  passed  by  the  British  Parlia- 
ment March  22,  1765.  Before  the  stamps 
had  yet  arrived  from  England  the  members 
of  the  bar,  at  the  September  Term  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  (1765),  held  at  Amboy,  met  and 
resolved  unanimously  that  they  would  not 
use  the  stamps  under  any  circumstances  or 
for    any    purpose    whatsoever.       When,    at 


length,  the  stamps  arrived,  the  lawyers  re- 
fused to  purchase  them,  and,  as  a  matter  of 
course,  the  courts  of  justice  were  all  closed 
throughout  New  Jersey.  Great  inconven- 
ience and  great  dissatisfaction  was  the  result, 
not  only  in  New  Jersey,  but  in  other  colonies 
where  the  example  of  the  Jersey  lawyers  had 
been  followed.  The  people  complained  and 
societies  were  everywhere  organized  under 
the  name  of  "  Sons  of  Liberty,"  who  urged 
the  lawyers  to  go  on  with  their  business 
without  the  use  of  stamps.  Of  the  lawyers, 
some  were  in  favor  of  so  doing  and  others 
were  opposed.  A  general  meeting  of  the 
bar  was  now  called  and  held  in  New  Bruns- 
wick, February  13,  1766,  and  hundreds  of 
the  Sons  of  Iviberty  were  present  to  encour- 
age the  lawyers  to  disregard  this  tyrannical 
act  of  Parliament,  and  to  have  the  courts  of 
justice  once  more  opened.  The  result  was 
that  the  meeting  resolved  that  if  the  Stamp 
Act  was  not  repealed  by  the  1st  of  April 
following,  they  would  resume  their  practice 
as  usual.  The  British  government,  not  ig- 
norant of  this  bold  stand  taken  by  the  law- 
yers of  New  Jersey,  repealed  the  odious  act 
before  the  day  arrived  when  they  would  have 
bid  Parliament  defiance. 

Chief  Justices  of  the  Colonial  Su- 
preme Court  of  New  Jersey. — Under  the 
first  Constitution — that  is,  during  the  provin- 
cial period  of  our  history — no  such  ofiice  ex- 
isted, nor  was  there  any  court  corresponding 
exactly  with  the  Supreme  Court  erected 
under  the  ordinance  promulgated  by  Lord 
Cornbury  in  1704.  It  was  under  this  ordi- 
nance that  the  office  was  created,  and  the  first 
session  of  the  Supreme  Court,  of  New  Jersey 
was  held  at  Burlington  on  the  7th  day  of 
November,  1740.  On  that  day  the  first 
chief  justice  of  New  Jersey,  Roger  Mom- 
pesson,  took  his  seat  upon  the  bench,  with 
William  Pinhorne  beside  him  as  associate 
judge.  Their  commissions  were  read  and 
the  court  then  adjourned  till  the  next  day, 
when  the  sheriff  of  Burlington  County   re- 


THE  BENOH  AND  BAR. 


201 


turned  a  grand  jury,  and  a  charge  to   them 
was  delivered  by  the  chief  justice. 

The  business  of  that  session  was,  however, 
very  light.  Not  even  one  indictment  was 
found  ;  nor  was  there  a  single  case  ready  for 
trial.  Some  gentlemen,  nevertheless,  had 
the  courage  to  seek  admission  to  the  bar  and 
were  admitted.  The  court  then  adjourned  to 
the  first  Tuesday  of  May  succeeding. 

Chief  Justices  of  New  Jersey  During 
AND  After  the  Revolution. — After  the 
adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  1776  consid- 
erable difficulty  was  experienced  in  organiz- 
ing the  courts  of  the  new  State.  The  Leg- 
islature, in  joint  meeting,  elected  Richard 
Stockton,  an  eminent  lawyer  and  patriot,  as 
chief  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  but  he 
declined  the  appointment.  A  few  days  af- 
terwards, September  4,  1776,  the  same  body 
elected  John  De  Hart  to  that  high  office,  and 
although  he  accepted  it,  he  finally  declined 
to  enter  upon  its  duties.  On  the  same  day 
Samuel  Tucker  and  Francis  Hopkinson  were 
elected  associate  justices.  Mr.  Hopkinson, 
who  was  at  the  time  a  delegate  to  the  Con- 
tinental Congress,  declined  ;  but  Mr.  Tucker 
accepted,  and  taking  the  oath  of  office,  held 
a  term  of  court  in  November  following.  The 
regular  terms  of  the  court  just  prior  to  this 
time  having  been  interrupted,  acts  of  Assem  • 
bly  were  passed  reviving  aud  continuing  the 
process  and  proceedings  depending  therein. 
Mr.  Tucker  did  not  continue  long  upon  the 
bench.  A  difficulty  arose  between  him  and 
Governor  Livingstone  in  regard  to  the  dis- 
appearance of  a  large  amount  of  paper  cur- 
rency and  other  property  iu  Mr.  Tucker's 
custody  as  State  treasurer.  Mr.  Tucker's 
allegation  that  he  had  been  robbed  of  it  by 
a  party  of  British  horsemen,  who  had  taken 
him  prisoner,  was  disputed  by  Governor  Liv- 
ingstone and  thereupon  Mr.  Tucker  re- 
signed his  commission. 

Associate  Justices  of  the  Supkeme 
CoUET. — The  Constitution   of  New  Jersey 
adopted  July  2,  1776,  makes  no  mention  of 
26 


the  Supreme  Court  except  to  declare  that 
"  The  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall 
continue  in  office  for  seven  years."  Who 
these  judges  might  be,  or  how  many,  does 
not  appear  and  is  not  provided  for.  It  is 
true  that  this  Constitution  provides  :  "  Sec- 
tion XXI.  That  all  the  laws  of  this  province: 
contained  in  the  edition  lately  published  by. 
Mr.  Allison  (January  1,  1776)  shall  be  and 
remain  in  full  force,  until  altered  by  the  Leg-i 
islature  of  this  colony  (such  only  excepted 
as  are  incompatible  with  this  charter),  and 
shall  be,  according  as  heretofore,  regarded  in 
all  respects  by  all  civil  officers  and  others, 
the  good  people  of  this  province."  What 
appears  to  be  the  first  act  passed  by  the  first 
Legislature  under  the  Constitution  is  as  fol- 
lows :  "  Be  it  therefore  enacted  by  the  Coun- 
cil and  General  Assembly  of  this  State, 
and  it  is  hereby  enacted  by  the  authority  of 
the  same,  that  the  several  Courts  of  Law 
and  Equity  of  this  State  shall  be  confirmed 
and  established  and  continued  to  be  held 
with  like  powers  under  the  present  govern- 
ment as  they  were  held  at  and  before  the  Dec- 
laration of  Independence  lately  made  by  the 
honorable  the  Continental  Congress." 

There  can  be  but  little  doubt  that  between. 
October  2, 1704,  and  November  6,  1705,  the 
Supreme  Court  was  composed  of  a  chief 
justice  and  one  associate  justice,  Mompesr 
son  and  Pinhorne.  Judge  Field,  in  his 
"  Provincial  Courts  of  New  Jersey,"  says 
that  they  "  were  the  only  judges  during  the 
administration  of  Lord  Cornbury."  These 
two  gentlemen  were  certainly  on  the  bench 
during  all  that  period,  which  terminated  in 
1708  ;  but  the  records  of  the  Supreme  Court 
show  that  on  November  6,  1705,  two  asso- 
ciate judges  were  appointed,  and  that  on 
November  6,  1706,  another  associate  jus- 
tice was  appointed,  showing  that  the  number 
of  justices  was  not  confined  to  two.  To  what 
number  the  judges  composing  the  Supreme 
Court  were  limited  does  not  appear  in  the 
ordinance  of  Cornbury  of  1 704,  nor  in  the 


202 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


ordinance  of  Hunter,  of  1714,  nor  in  the 
ordinance  of  Burnet,  of  1724,  1725  and 
1728.  That  this  court  was  limited  to  a 
chief  justice  and  two  associates  until  1798 
cannot  be  doubted.  In  that  year  it  was  made, 
by  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly,  to  con- 
sist of  a  chief  justice  and  three  associate 
justices.  On  the  10th  of  March,  1806,  this 
act  was  repealed  and  the  number  of  associate 
justices  was  reduced  to  two.  In  1838  the 
number  was  increased  to  four,  in  1855  it 
was  increased  to  six,  and  in  1875  to  eight. 

The  first  division  of  the  territory  of  West 
New  Jersey  was  into  that  of  two  counties— 
Salem  and  Burlington, — but  the  people  about 
Arwamaumas  (Gloucester)  and  the  adjacent 
territory,  feeling  that  the  courts  and  offices 
were  so  far  away,  assembled  themselves  at 
Gloucester  (May  28,  1686)  and  established 
the  County  of  Gloucester,  to  consist  of  the 
third  and  fourth  tenths,  and  extending  from 
Pensaukin  Creek  to  Oldmans  Creek.  In 
1694  this  action  of  the  inhabitants  received 
legislative  sanction  and  the  same  boundaries 
were  established.  In  1844  the  third  tenth 
(with  the  addition  of  Washington  township) 
was  erected  into  the  County  of  Camden  ;  but 
as  the  townships  of  Washington  and  Monroe 
have  since  been  annexed  to  Gloucester  County 
the  third  or  Irish  tenth  now  constitutes  Cam- 
den County. 

The  Courts  of  Camden  County. — The 
early  courts  of  old  Gloucester  County,  which 
of  course  had  jurisdiction  over  the  territory 
now  included  in  Camden,  are  described  on 
page  31,  et  sequiter,  of  this  volume.  The  first 
court  held  in  Camden  County  appears  to 
have  been  the  March  Term  of  the  Oyer  and 
Terminer,  1845,  and  the  following  is  the  first 
entry  upon  the  record  : 

"  Camden  Oyer  &  Terminer,  &c. 

"March  Term,  1845. 
"  Tuesday,  March  25,  Court  met  at  10  a.m. 
"  Present,— 

"  The  Hon.  Thomas  P.  Carpenter  as  judge,  Isaac 
Cole,  James  W.  Sloan,  Joseph  C.  Collins,  Joseph 


C.  Stafford,  Nathan  M.  Lippincott,  William  Brown, 
Joel  Wood  &  others,  Judges. 

"  After    the    usual    proclamation     court     was 
opened.     The  Grand  jury  being  called,  the  follow- 
ing persons   appeared   and   were  duly  qualified, 
viz. : 
"  Isaac  H.  Porter.  John  Gill. 

Edmund  Brewer.  Joshua  P.  Browning. 

James  W.  Lamb.  Ebenezer  Toole. 

Alexander  Cooper.  Joseph  J.  Smallwood. 

.Joel  Bodine.  Edward  P.  Andrews. 

Isaac  Adams.  James  Jennett. 

Gerrard  Wood.  David  E.  Marshall. 

John  M.  Kaighn.  Henry  Allen. 

Joseph  G.  Shinn.  William  Corkery. 

John  D.  Glover.  .lames  D.  Dotterer. 

.Joseph  H.  Coles.  Christopher  Sickler. 

"  And  being  charged  by  Judge  Carpenter,  they 
retired  to  their  chamber  with  Samuel  C.  Fox 
and  John  Lawrence,  Constables,  to  attend  them." 

The  first  cause  tried  in  the  Court  of  Oyer 
and  Terminer  was  The  State  vs.  Charles 
May,  Benjamin  Jenkins  and  Edward  Jen- 
kins, an  indictment  for  assault  and  battery 
on  Isaac  Shrive.  The  attorney-general  ap- 
peared for  the  prosecution  and  Thomas  W. 
Mulford  for  the  defendants.  The  suit  re- 
sulted in  the  conviction  of  the  defendants. 
The  jury  in  this  case  consisted  of  Mark  Bur- 
rough,  Enoch  Tomlin,  James  G.  Capewell, 
John  Stafford,  Elias  Campbell,  Azall  M. 
Roberts,  William  J.  Hatch,  Josiah  H.  Tice, 
Alexander  Wolohon,  Daniel  Alberlson, 
Aaron  Middletou  and  Charles  Wilson. 

In  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions,  the  No- 
vember Term,  1845,  was  the  first  court ; 
opened  at  half-past  nine  o'clock  on  the  10th 
of  the  month  ;  present,  Isaac  Cole,  presiding, 
James  W.  Sloan,  Joseph  C.  Collins,  Nathan 
M.  Lippincott,  Joel  Wood,  Joshua  Sickler 
and  William  Brown,  lay  judges.  The  first 
case  brought  was  the  State  vs.  William  Cox, 
for  assault  and  battery  on  William  Hugg. 
Abraham  Browning  Esq.,  appeared  as  attor- 
ney-general for  the  State  and  James  B.  Day- 
ton, Esq.,  for  the  defendant.  The  jury  was 
composed  of  the  following  persons,  viz.: 
Joseph  Warner,  Isaac  H.  Tomlinson,  John 
A.  Ware,  Joseph  K.  Rogers,  Joseph  Barrett, 


THE  BENCH  AND  BAR. 


203 


John  Newton,  Jacob  Haines,  James  Dobbs, 
Chalkley  Haines,  Randall  Nicholson,  Jacob 
Middleton,  William  Wannan.  They  found 
the  defendant  not  guilty. 

The  records  of  the  Circuit  Court  prior  to 
1852  have  been  lost,  and  hence  the  exact 
date  of  its  first  session  cannot  be  given,  but 
one  was  doubtless  held  in  1845. 

The  present  Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals, 
the  last  resort  in  all  causes  in  New  Jersey, 
was  created  by  the  new  Constitution  in  1844. 
It  is  compo.sed  of  the  chancellor,  the  justices 
of  the  Supreme  Court  and  six  other  judges 
specially  appointed  for  that  court,  who  are 
usually  laymen.  John  Clement,  of  Haddon- 
field,  Camden  County,  has  been  a  lay  mem- 
ber of  this  court  since  the  year  1864,  when 
he  was  first  appointed. 

The  Supreme  Court  is  composed  of  nine 
justices,  and  the  State  is  divided  into  the 
same  number  of  judicial  districts,  allotted 
among  the  several  justices.  Camden  County 
is  in  the  Second  District,  at  this  time  pre- 
sided over  by  Justice  Joel  Parker.  Each 
Supreme  Court  justice  is  sole  judge  of  the 
Circuit  Court  and  ex-officio  presiding  judge 
of  all  the  other  County  Courts  in  his  dis- 
trict. 

The  Inferior  Court  of  Common  Pleas  is 
presided  over  by  the  law  judge  appointed 
for  the  county  exclusive  of  the  justices  of 
the  Supreme  Court.  Prior  to  the  adoption 
of  the  new  Constitution  there  was  no  limit 
to  the  number  of  judges  appointed  for 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and  in  some 
counties  they  numbered  thirty  or  more 
judges  not  learned  in  the  law,  any  one 
of  whom  alone  could  hold  the  court.  But 
Sec.  6  of  Art.  VI  of  the  new  Constitution 
provided  that  there  should  be  no  more  than 
five  judges  ofthis  court,  and  in  1855  the  Leg- 
islature fixed  the  number  exclusive,  of  the 
justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  at  three. 

The  Court  of  Oyer  and  Terminer  is  com- 
posed of  the  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
"and  one  or  more  of  the  judges  of  the  Court 


of  Common  Pleas.  .  It  cannot  be  held  with- 
out the  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court.  The 
Court  of  General  Quarter  Sessions  of  the 
Peace  is  composed  of  two  or  more  of  the 
judges  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  and 
does  not  require  the  presence  of  the  Supreme 
Court  justice. 

The  Orphans  Court  may  be  held  by  any 
two  judges  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas. 

Formerly  all  the  county  judges,  excepting 
the  justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  were  lay- 
men, and  it  was  then  the  practice  of  such 
justices  to  preside  in  all  the  County  Courts  in 
all  cases  except  some  of  the  least  import- 
ance. 

March  9, 1869,  the  Legislature  passed  an 
act  entitled,  "  An  Act  to  facilitate  Judicial 
proceedings  in  the  county  of  Camden,"  em- 
powering, any  two  judges  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas  to  try  all  persons  charged 
with  offenses  (excepting  a  few  of  the  highest) 
who  were  willing  to  forego  the  right  of  in- 
dictment and  trial  by  jury.  At  the  time  of 
the  enactment  Asa  P.  Horner,  a  farmer  of 
Camden  County,  was  the  senior  lay  judge  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  Camden 
County,  and  to  him  fell  the  duty  of  com- 
mencing the  work  of  the  special  sessions 
without  the  intervention  of  the  jury,  and  for 
several  years  a  very  brisk  business  was  done 
in  the  nevv  special  court  which  had  no 
regular  terms,  but  was  called  to  sit  whenever 
the  prosecutor  of  the  pleas  had  enough  per- 
sons charged  with  offenses  willing  to  be  tried 
by  the  court  without  a  jury,  to  justify  it, 
which  was  quite  frequent. 

The  business  of  the  several  County  Courts 
increased  to  such  an  extent  that  in  1872  a 
supplement  was  passed  to  the  act  of  1869, 
providing  that  one  of  the  three  judges  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  Camden  County 
should  be  a  counselor-at-law,  and  since  that 
date  Camden  County  has  had  a  special  law 
judge  to  preside  in  the  Courts  of  Common 
Pleas,  the  Orphans  Court  and  the  General 
and  Special  Courts  of  Quarter  Sessions,  of 


204 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


the  Peace.  And  now  the  Supreme  Court 
justice  seldom  sits  in  any  Camden  County 
court  except  the  Circuit  Court  and  in  the 
Court  of  Oyer  and  Terminer,  in  which  he  is 
required  to  sit  for  the  trial  of  treason  and 
criminal  homicide  cases,  which  cannot  be 
tried  in  the  Quarter  Sessions. 

The  District  Court  of  the  City  of  Camden 
was  created  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature 
passed  March  9,  1877,  entitled,  "  An  act  for 
constituting  courts  in  certain  cities  of  this 
State."  This  court  was  given  exclusive  jur- 
isdiction in  all  civil  causes  prior  to  its  crea- 
tion cognizable  before  justices  of  the  peace. 
Richard  T.  Miller  was  appointed  as  the  first 
judge  of  this  court  and  on  the  expiration  of 
the  first  term  was  reappointed. 

JUSTICES   OF   THE   SUPREME   COUET. 

Thomas  P.  Carpenter 1845-1852 

Stacy  G.  Potts 1852-1859 

John  Van  Dyke 1859-1866 

George  S.  Woodhull 1866-1880 

Joel  Parker 1880-1887 

PRESIDENT  LAW  JUDGES. 

Charles  P.  Stratton 1872-1877 

David  J.  Pancoast 1877-1882 

Charles  T.  Reed 1882-1885 

John  W.  Westcott 1885- 

Lay  Judges. — Following  is  a  list  of  the 
lay  judges  from  the  organization  of  the 
county  to  1886: 

1844. — Isaac  Cole,  James  W.  Sloan,  Joseph  C. 
Collings,  Joseph  C.  Staflford,  Nathan  M.  Lippin- 
cott,  William  Brown,  Joel  Wood,  John  K.  Cow- 
perthwaite,  Joel  G.  Clark,  Joshua  Sickler. 

1846. — Richard  Stafford,  Isaac  Doughten,  Philip 
J.  Grey. 

1847. — Jesse  Smith. 

1848. — ^Richard   W.  Snowden,    Jesse  Peterson, 
Charles  H.  French. 
^  1849.— James  W.  Lamb. 

1850. — Philip  J.  Grey,  Benjamin  W.  Cooper, 
Richard  W.  Snowden,  Jesse  Peterson,  James  W. 
Lamb. 

1851.— Philip  J.  Grey,  Richard  W.  Snowden, 
Jesse  Peterson,  Benjamin  W.  Cooper,  John  K. 
Cowperthwaite. 

1852. — Jesse  Peterson,  Philip  J.  Grey,  Ben- 
jamin W.  Cooper,  John  K.  Cowperthwaite,  William 
Brown.  .....  —  . 


1853. — Philip  J.  Grey,  Benjamin  W.  Cooper, 
John  K.  Cowperthwaite,  William  Brown,  Joseph 
C.  Stafford. 

1854. — Philip  J.  Grey,  John  K.  Cowperthwaite, 
William  Brown,  Joseph  C.  Stafford,  John  Clem- 
ent, Jr. 

1855. — John  K.  Cowperthwaite,  Joseph  C.  Staf- 
ford, John  Clement,  Jr. 

1856.- — John  K.  Cowperthwaite,  Joseph  C.  Staf- 
ford, John  Clement,  Jr. 

1S57. — John  K.  Cowperthwaite,  Joseph  C.  Staf- 
ford, John  Clement,  Jr. 

1858. — John  K..  Cowperthwaite,  John  Clement, 
Jr.,  James  D.  Dotterer. 

1859. — John  K.  Cowperthwaite,  James  D.  Dot- 
terer, Joseph  B.  Tatem. 

1860. — John  K.  Cowperthwaite,  James  D.  Dot- 
terer, Joseph  B.  Tatem. 

1861. — John  K.  Cowperthwaite,  James  D.  Dot- 
erer,  John  Clement. 

1862. — John  K.  Cowperthwaite,  James  D.  Dot- 
terer, John  Clement. 

1863. — John  K.  Cowperthwaite,  James  D.  Dot- 
terer, John  Clement. 

1864. — John  K.  Cowperthwaite,  James  D.  Dot- 
terer, Joel  Horner. 

1865. — John  K.  Cowperthwaite,  James  D.  Dot- 
terer, Joel  Horner. 

1866. — John  K.  Cowperthwaite,  James  D.  Dot- 
terer, Joel  Horner. 

1867. — James  D.  Dotterer,  Joel  Horner,  Ralph 
Lee. 

1868-72.— Joel  Horner,  Ralph  Lee,  Joshua 
Sickler. 

1872.^ Joshua  Sickler,  Asa  P.  Horner. 

1873-76.— Asa  P.  Horner,  Joseph  B.  Tatem. 

1877. — Joseph  B.  Tatem,  Joel  Horner. 

1878-84. — Joel  Horner,  Isaiah  Woolston. 

1884^86. — Isaiah  Woolston,  John  Gaunt. 

PROSECUTORS  OP  THE  PLEAS. 

Abraham  Browning 1844-1849 

Edward  N.  Jeffers,' 1849-1852 

Thomas  W.  Mulford 1854-1859 

George  M.Robeson ..1859-1864 

Richard  S.  Jenkins 1864-1884 

Wilson  H.  Jenkins 1884- 

LIST  OP  ATTORNEYS. 

Dates  of.  admission. 

William  N.  Jeffers November,  1814 

Thomas  Chapman November,  1815 

Jeremiah  H.  Sloan February,  1821 

Moms  Croxall September,  1821 

1  Edward  N.  Jeffers  died  iu  1852,  and  the  county  was  withont* 
prosecutor  until  1864,  


THE  BENCH  AND  BAR. 


205 


Richard  W.  Howell September,  1827 

Robert  K.  Matlack November,  1827 

Abraham  Browning September,  1834 

William  D.  Cooper February,  1841 

Morris  R.  Hamilton September,  1842 

Thomas  W.  Mulford November,  1843 

James  B.  Dayton September,  1844 

Thomas  H.  Dudley May,  1845 

Isaac  Mickle May,  1845 

Charles  H.  Hollinshead April,  1846 

Daniel  E.  Hough July,  1849 

Alfred  Hugg ; October,  1849 

Charles  W.  Kinsey October,  1849 

Isaac  W.  Mickle January,  1850 

Philip  H.  Mulford January,  1851 

Peter  L.  Voorhees November,  1851 

Charles  P.  Stratton November,  1851 

George  M.  Robeson February,  1854 

Richard  S.  Jenkins November,  1855 

Lindley  H.  Miller November,  1855 

Marmaduke  B.  Taylor November,  1856 

James  M.  Scovel November,  1856 

Alden  C.  Scovel..., November,  1856 

Gilbert  G.  Hannah February,  1857 

Philip  S.  Scovel February,  1857 

Samuel  H.  Grey November,  1857 

Jacob  Mulford June,  1858 

John  T.  F.  Peak November,  1861 

Caleb  D.  Shreve November,  1861 

Benjamin  D.  Shreve 1862 

George  W.  Gilbert February,  1863 

Samuel  C.  Cooper February,  1863 

Joshua  L.  Howell November,  1863 

Charles  T.  Reed June,  1865 

Charles  S.  Howell June,  1865 

J.  Eugene  Troth June,  1866 

Martin  V.  Bergen.. November,  1866 

Christopher  A.  Bergen November,  1866 

George  F.  Fort November,  1866 

Robert  M.  Browning November,  1867 

Howard  M.  Cooper November,  1867 

Richard  T.  Miller November,  1867 

David  J.  Pancoast November,  1868 

Samuel  Davies February,  1869 

James  P.  Young November,  1869 

George  N.  Con  row November,  1870 

Alfred  Flanders February,  1871 

Herbert  A.  Drake June,  1871 

James  E.  Hayes November,  1871 

John  W.  Wright 1871 

Robert  F.Stockton,  Jr February,  1872 

James  H.  Carpenter November,  1872 

Wilson  H.  Jenkins February,  1873 

John  H.  Fort June,  1873 

John  F.  Joline November,  1873 


Thomas  B.  Harned June,  1874 

0.  V.  D.  Joline. June,  1874 

Edward  Dudley November,  1874 

AlexanderGray February,  1875 

JohnT.  Woodhull February,  1875 

William  C.  Dayton February,  1875 

Thomas  E.  French February,  1876 

Peter  V.  Vorhees June,  1876 

John  K.  R.  Hewitt June,  1876 

Samuel  D.  Bergen June,  1876 

Augustus  F.  Bichter November,  1876 

Joseph  W.  Morgan November,  1877 

Samuel  W.  Sparks November,  1877 

John  C.  Ten  Eyck,  Jr June,  1878 

Timothy  J.  Middleton June,  1878 

Lemuel  J.  Potts June,  1878 

John  W.  Westcott June,  1878 

Charles  G.  Garrison November,  1878 

William  S.  Hoffman November,  1878 

Henry  A.  Scovel February,  1879 

William  S.  Casselman June,  1879 

Jonas  8.  Miller.... June,  1879 

Franklin  C.  Woolman June,  1879 

Karl  Langlotz June,  1879 

Edward  A.  Armstrong February,  1880 

Samuel  K.  Bobbins June,  1880 

John  L.  Semple November,  1880 

Samuel  P.  Jones November,  1880 

Edmund  B.  Leaming February,  1881 

John  J.  Crandall February,  1881 

Floranc  F.  Hogate February,  1881 

John  J.  Walsh June,  1881 

John  Harris June,  1881 

Henry  M.  Snyder June,  1881 

Benjamin  F.  H.  Shreve June,  1881 

Charles  I.  Wooster June,  1881 

William  W.  Woodhull June,  1881 

Alfred  L.  Black November,  1881 

Howard  J.  Stanger June,  1882 

John  W.  Wartman June,  1882 

Howard  Carrow June,  1882 

Edmund  E.  Read,  Jr June,  1882 

Samuel  W.  Beldon June,  1882 

John  F.  Harned November,  1882 

Edward  H.  Saunders. November,  1882 

Joseph  R.  Taylor November,  1882 

Thomas  P.  Curley November,  1882 

Robert  C.  Hutchinson February,  1883 

Walter  P.  Blackwood February,  1883 

Richard  S.  Bidgway November,  1883 

Israel  Roberts November,  1883 

George  Reynolds February,  1884 

Samuel  N.  Shreve February,  1884 

Ulysses  G.  Styron ..February,  1885 

_.  L.  D.  Howard  Gilmour February,  1885 


206 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


George  A.  Vroom June,  1885 

Joshua  E.  Borton November,  1885 

William  P.  Fowler November,  1885 

Schuyler  C.  Woodhull February,  1886 

Pennington  T.  Hildreth June,  1886 

JUSTICES   OF     THE   SUPREME    COURT. 

Thomas  Pastor  Carpenter  was  a  lin- 
eal descendant  of  Samuel  Carpenter,  promi- 
nent in  the  early  history  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  born  April  19,  1804,  at  Glassboro', 
New  Jersey. 

His  father,  Edward  Cai'penter,  was  the 
owner  of  the  glass-works  at  that  place 
for  many  years,  which  he  and  Colonel  Hes- 
ton,  as  the  firm  of  Carpenter  &  Heston,  es- 
tablished. His  mother  was  the  daughter  of 
Dr.  James  Stratton,  a  leading  physician  of 
his  day  at  Swedesboro'.  His  father  died 
when  he  was  quite  young  and  he  grew  to 
manhood  in  the  family  of  his  grandfather,  at 
Carpenters  Landing  (now  Mantua).  After 
obtaining  a  liberal  education  he  studied  law 
under  the  instruction  of  Judge  White,  of 
Woodbury,  and  was  admitted  as  an  attorney 
in  September,  1830.  On  October  26,  1838, 
he  was  appointed  prosecutor  of  the  pleas  of 
Gloucester  County  and  took  a  prominent 
part  in  several  important  trials. 

He  soon  won  prominence  at  the  bar  and 
on  February  5,  1845,  he  was  appointed  by 
Governor  Stratton  one  of  the  associate  jus- 
tices of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Jersey, 
his  circuit  comprising  Camden,  Burlington 
and  Gloucester  Counties.  On  his  retirement 
from  the  judgeship,  after  serving  a  term  of 
seven  years,  he  devoted  himself  to  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession,  principally  as  a  coun- 
selor, and  was  eminently  successful. 

At  the  breaking  out  of  the. Rebellion  he 
joined  the  Union  League  of  Philadelphia, 
and  daring  the  war  was  an  ardent  supporter 
of  the  Union  cause.  In  1865  he  was  active 
in  promoting  the  success  of  the  Sanitary  Fair, 
occupying  as  he  did  the  position  of  president 
of  the  New  Jersey  Department.  Judge  Car- 
penter married    Rebecca,    daughter   of  Dr. 


Samuel  Hopkins,  of  Woodbury.  He  was  an 
earnest  Christian  and  in  the  church  always 
held  an  honored  position,  being  for  many 
years  vestryman,  warden  and  deputy  to  the 
Diocesan  and  General  Conventions  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church. 

He  was  not  only  an  able  lawyer,  but  vi'as 
well  versed  in  the  classics  and  in  general  lit- 
erature. He  was  greatly  respected  through- 
out the  State  of  New  Jersey,  of  which  he 
was  at  the  time  of  his  death  one  of  her  best- 
known  citizens.  As  a  judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  he  was  held  in  high  esteem  by  his  as- 
sociates and  by  the  bar  of  the  State  for  his 
ability,  learning  and  for  the  uniform  good 
judgment  which  he  brought  to  the  consider- 
ation of  cases.  In  the  counties  where  he 
presided  at  circuits,  and  which  he  visited 
during  his  term  of  office  at  regular  periods, 
his  genial  manners  and  kindly  intercourse 
with  the  people  made  him  very  popular.  He 
died  at  his  home  in  Camden  March  20,  1876. 

By  his  marriage  with  Rebecca  Hopkins, 
who  still  survives,  he  had  four  children,  viz. : 
Susan  M.  Carpenter,  Anna  Stratton  Carpen- 
ter (who  died  in  December,  1869),  Thomas 
Preston  Carpenter  (who  died  during  infancy), 
and  James  H.  Carpenter,  now  a  member  of 
the  Camden  bar. 

Stacy  Gardiner  Potts  was  born  in  Har- 
risburg,  Pa.,  November,  1799.  He  was  the 
great-grandson  of  Thomas  Potts,  a  member 
of  the  Society  of  Friends,  who,  with  Mah- 
lon  Stacy  and  their  kindred,  emigrated  from 
England  in  1678,  and  landed  at  Burlington, 
N.  J.  The  two  families  of  Stacy  and  Potts 
intermarried.  Stacy  Potts,  the  grandfather 
of  Judge  Potts,  was  a  tanner  by  trade  and 
was  engaged  in  that  business  at  Trenton. 

His  son  removed  to  Harrisburg,  and  in 
1791  married  Miss  Gardiner.  Judge  Potts 
entered  the  family  of  his  grandfather  in 
1808,  who  was  then  mayor  of  Trenton.  He 
attended  a  Fiends'  school  and  then  learned 
the  printer's  trade.  At  twenty-one  he  began 
to  edit  the  Mnporium,  of  Trenton.    In  1827 


THE  BENCH  AND  BAK. 


207 


he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  as  an  attorney. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Assembly  in  1828  on 
the  Jackson  ticket,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1829.  In  1831  he  was  appointed  clerk  of 
Chancery,  held  the  office  for  ten  years,  and 
during  that  time  published  his  "  Precedents 
in  Chancery."  He  next  visited  Europe  with 
his  brother,  the  Rev.  William  S.  Potts, 
D.  D.,  of  St.  Louis.  In  1845  he  served  on  a 
commission  to  revise  the  laws  of  the  State. 
In  1847  he  was  appointed  a  manager  of  the 
State  Lunatic  Asylum.  In  1852  he  was 
nominated  by  Governor  Fort  as  a  justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  and  was  confirmed  by  the 
Senate.  His  circuit  comprised  Camden, 
Burlington,  Gloucester  and  Ocean  Counties. 
He  served  as  judge  one  term  of  seven  years 
with  great  acceptability  and  then  retired  to 
private  life.  He  was  a  conscientious  judge 
and  a  decidedly  religious  man,  serving  as  a 
ruling  elder  in  the  Presbyterian  Church  for 
many  years.  He  died  at  his  home  in  Tren- 
ton in  1865. 

John  Van  Dyke  was  born  in  New  Jer- 
sey and  obtained  a  thorough  academical  ed- 
ucation, studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1836.  He  commenced  practice  in 
New  Brunswick  and  at  once  gained  promi- 
nence in  his  profession.  He  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
Thirtieth  Congress  in  1846  as  a  Whig, 
against  Kirkpatrick,  the  Democratic  oppo- 
nent. He  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-first 
Congress,  receiving  seven  thousand  two  hun- 
dred and  eighty-two  votes  against  six  thou- 
sand six  hundred  and  twenty-three  for  Bill- 
ian.  Democrat,  serving  in  Congress  from 
December,  1847,  to  March,  1851.  He  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
New  Jersey  by  Governor  William  A.  New- 
ell, and  assigned  to  the  district  composed 
of  Camden,  Gloucester  and  Burlington  Coun- 
ties in  February,  1859,  and  served  one 
term  of  seven  years,  until  1866.  He  was  a 
man  of  fine  legal  attainments  and  was  recog- 
nized as  a  good  judge. 


George  Spoffoed  Woodhdll,  associate 
judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Jersey 
from  1866  to  1880,  was  born  near  Freehold, 
Monmouth  County,  in  1816,  and  died  at  his 
residence.  No.  104  Arch  Street,  Camden,  in 
1881.  His  grandfather,  John  Woodhull, 
D.D.,  was  pastor  of  a  church  at  Freehold  for 
a  period  of  forty  years,  and  was  a  man  of 
fine  ability,  excellent  scholarship  and  noted 
piety.  His  father,  John  T.  Woodhull,  M.D., 
was  a  skillful  physician  of  Monmouth 
County,  and  well  known  throughout  the 
State.  The  early  education  of  Judge  Wood- 
hull  was  obtained  in  the  schools  of  his  na- 
tive place,  and  in  1830  he  entered  the  Col- 
lege of  New  Jersey,  at  Princeton.  By  assid- 
uous study  and  great  natural  endowments 
he  completed  the  course  in  three  years  and 
was  graduated  in  1833.  Desiring  to  take 
up  the  study  of  law,  he  began  a  course  of 
reading  under  the  direction  of  Richard  S. 
Field,  Esq.,  of  Princeton.  In  1839  he  was 
admitted  to  practice  and  three  years  later  he 
became  a  counselor.  He  practiced  his  pro- 
fession at  Freehold  until  1850  when  he  re- 
moved to  Mays  Landing,  and  for  fifteen 
years  was  prosecutor  of  the  pleas  of  Atlantic 
County.  He  has  been  credited  with  chang- 
ing the  political  complexion  of  Atlantic 
County  during  his  residence  in  it.  For  ten 
years  of  the  time  included  above  he  was  pros- 
ecutor of  the  pleas  of  Cape  May  County.  In 
1866  he  was  appointed,  by  Governor  Ward, 
as  an  associate  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  New  Jersey,  and  was  assigned  to  the  Sec- 
ond District,  comprising  the  counties  of  Cam- 
den, Burlington  and  Gloucester.  He  soon 
gained  the  reputation  of  being  a  fearless,  up- 
right and  honest  judge,  and  was  character- 
ized for  superior  legal  attainments.  He  de- 
veloped so  much  strength  and  popularity  as 
a  judicial  officer  that,  in  1873,  Hon.  .Joel 
Parker,  then  Governor  of  New  Jersey, 
though  differing  from  Justice  Woodhull  in 
politics,  appointed  him  assistant  justice  for 
another  term  of  seven  years,  and  he  continued, 


208 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


GD  the  bench  until  1880.  -  During  his  long 
term  of  service  as  a  judicial  officer  his  decis- 
ions were  characterized  by  fairness  and  great 
legal  ability. 

Upon  his  retirement  from  the  bench  he 
resumed  the  practice  of  law  in  Camden, 
which  he  continued  until  his  death. 

In  April,  1847,  Judge  Woodhull  was 
married  to  Caroline  Mandiville  Vroom,  a 
niece  of  ex-Governor  Vroom,  by  whom  he 
had  five  children.  He  was  a  man  of  excel- 
lent standing  in  the  State  of  New  Jersey, 
possessing  an  exemplary  character,  and  was 
highly  honored  and  respected  by  the  mem- 
bers of  his  profession  as  well  as  by  all  people 
with  whom  he  was  associated  or  by  whom 
he  was  known. 

Joel  Parker,  now  one  of  the  justices  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Jersey,  was  born 
November  24,  1816,  near  Freehold,  Mon- 
mouth County,  N.  J.  Both  his  parents  were 
natives  of  that  county.  His  father,  Charles 
Parker,  was  a  man  of  excellent  business  ca- 
pacity, and,  at  the  time  his  son  was  born,  was 
sheriff  of  the  county,  and  subsequently  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  and  in  1821 
was  chosen  treasurer  of  the  State,  an  office 
which  he  held  for  thirteen  years,  through 
annual  appointments.  In  1821  Charles 
Parker  removed  to  Trenton  with  his  family, 
and  in  that  city  Joel,  his  son,  passed  most  of 
his  childhood  and  youth,  attending  school  at 
the  old  Trenton  Academy.  In  1832  Joel 
was  sent  to  Monmouth  County,  to  manage  a 
farm  belonging  to  his  father,  where  he  re- 
mained two  years,  doing  all  kinds  of  farming 
work  and  laying  the  foundation  of  a  vigor- 
ous constitution,  which,  during  a  long  life  of 
busy  toil,  has  enabled  him  to  perform  his 
onerous  duties.  In  1834  he  quit  farming 
and  entered  the  Lawrenceville  High  School, 
where  he  remained  two  years.  In  1836  he 
entered  Princeton  College,  whence  he  was 
graduated  in  1839,  and  then  entered  the  law- 
office  of  Hon.  Henry  W.  Green,  a  distin- 
guished lawyer  in  Trenton,  afterwards  chief 


justice,  and  later  chancellor  of  the  State.  In 
1843  Joel  Parker,  having  been  admitted  to 
the  bar,  removed  to  Freehold  and  opened  a 
law-office.  He  has  since  maintained  his  resi- 
dence there,  and  for  forty  years  has  lived  in 
the  same  house.  Within  a  year  after  he  en- 
tered on  the  practice  of  his  profession  he 
married  Maria  M.,  eldest  daughter  of  Samuel 
R.  Gummere,  then  of  Trenton,  but  formerly 
of  Burlington,  N.  J. 

Joel  Parker  has  always  been  a  member  of 
the  Democratic  party.  In  1840  he  cast  his 
first  vote  for  Martin  Van  Buren  for  Presir 
dent.  In  1844  he  commenced  his  career  as 
a  political  speaker,  in  the  Presidential  cam- 
paign which  resulted  in  the  election  of  James 
K.  Polk.  From  that  time  till  his  appoint- 
ment as  justice  his  services  on  the  stump 
were  sought  and  given,  not  only  throughout 
this  State,  but  in  adjoining  States.  In  1847 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Assembly.  The  Whig  party  had  a  large 
majority  in  the  House.  Being  the  only^  law- 
yer on  the  Democratic  side,  he  was  forced 
into  the  leadership  of  the  minority,  espe- 
cially on  all  subjects  of  a  legal  or  political 
bearing,  and,  although  the  youngest  member 
of  the  body,  he  sustained  his  position  with 
discretion  and  ability.  He  framed  and  intro- 
duced a  series  of  reform  measures,  the  most 
important  of  which  was  a  bill  to  equalize  tax- 
ation, by  which,  for  the  first  time  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  State,  personalty — such  as  notes, 
bonds,  mortgages  and  money — were  to  be 
taxed.  At  that  time  taxes  were  assessed  only 
on  land  and  property,  called  certainties,  sucli 
as  horses  and  cattle,  so  that  the  farmers  were 
paying  nearly  all  the  taxes.  This  measure, 
advocated  by  Mr.  Parker,  was  popular,  and 
when  his  speech  on  the  subject  was  publish- 
ed, public  attention  was  attracted  to  him  as  a 
rising  man.  At  the  next  gubernatorial  elec- 
tion, in  1850,  George  F.  Fort  was  elected  Gov- 
ernor by  the  Democrats  on  a  platform  which 
had  adopted  those  reform  measures.  In  the 
following  year  Mr,  Parker  declined  being  a 


THE  BENCH  AND  BAE. 


209 


candidate  for  State  Senator  (the  nomination 
to  which  he  was  solicited  to  accept),  because 
it  would  interfere  with  his  law  business, 
which  was  increasing.  Soon  after  the  in- 
auguration of  Governor  Fort  he  appointed 
Mr.  Parker  prosecutor  of  the  pleas  of  the 
county  of  Monmouth.  His  duties  growing 
out  of  this  position  brought  him  in  contact 
and  conflict  with  some  of  the  ablest  lawyers 
of  the  State.  In  the  celebrated  Donnelly 
case  (which  is  the  leading  case  on  dying  decla- 
rations) he  was  assisted  by  the  Hon.  Wil- 
liam L.  Dayton,  then  attorney-general  of  the 
State,  while  the  prisoner  was  defended  by 
ex-Governor  William  Pennington  and  Jo- 
seph P.  Bradley,  now  a  justice  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  the  United  States.  In  1860 
Mr.  Parker  was  chosen  a  Presidential  elector, 
and  voted  in  the  Electoral  College  for  Ste- 
phen A.  Douglas. 

From  an  early  date  he  had  taken  an  inter- 
est in  military  matters.  Several  years  before 
the  Civil  War  he  had  been  chosen  by  the 
field  officers  of  the  Monmouth  and  Ocean 
Brigade  a  brigadier-general.  Before  hostili- 
ties began  he  had  a  fine  brigade  of  uni- 
formed men,  and  he  was  accustomed,  at 
stated  periods,  to  drill  them.  After  the  com- 
mencement of  the  war  Governor  Olden  (He- 
publican)  nominated  General  Parker  to  be 
the  major-general  of  militia  for  the  Second 
Military  District,  composed  of  five  counties. 
He  was  confirmed  unanimously  by  the 
Senate,  accepted  the  appointment  and  assist- 
ed in  raising  men  for  United  States'  service, 
to  put  down  the  Rebellion.  He  aided  ma- 
terially in  raising  several  regiments,  princi- 
pally composed  of  men  who  had  belonged  to 
his  brigade.  In  1862  General  Parker  was 
nominated  by  the  Democratic  Convention  as 
Governor  of  the  State,  and  was  elected  over  a 
very  popular  opponent  by  nearly  fifteen  thou- 
sand majority.  He  adhered,  during  his  term, 
to  the  principle  of  the  platform  on  which  he 
was  elected,  to  wit,—"  The  suppression  of  the 
Rebellion  by  all  constitutional  means." 
27 


He  was  very  active  in  obtaining  volunteers 
and  in  equipping  them  thoroughly  for  the 
field.  By  this  promptness  he  won  the  good 
opinion  of  all  loyal  men  and  was  thanked 
by  telegram  from  President  Lincoln  and  Sec- 
retary Stanton  and  Governor  Curtin.  In 
commendation  of  his  course,  he  has  received 
the  appellation  of  "War  Governor"  of  New 
Jersey.  When  the  Confederate  army  invaded 
Pennsylvania  in  1863,  the  national  authori- 
ties and  also  Governor  Curtin  called  on  Gov- 
ernor Parker  for  troops  to  repel  the  invaders. 
He  responded  with  such  great  alacrity  as  to 
bring  forth  from  the  Federal  authorities 
thanks  and  commendation.  Governor  Cur- 
tin wrote,  "  Permit  me  to  thank  you  for  your 
prompt  attention,"  and  again  on  the  24th 
day  of  June,  1863,  "I  cannot  close  this  com- 
munication without  expressing  to  you  the 
thanks  of  the  people  of  Pennsylvania  for 
your  promptness  in  responding  to  our  calls," 
and  on  the  30th  of  the  same  mouth  President 
Lincoln  sent  to  Governor  Parker  the  follow- 
ing telegram :  "  Please  accept  my  sincere 
thanks  for  what  you  have  done  and  are  doing 
to  get  troops  forwarded."  The  next  year, 
when  the  State  of  Maryland  was  invaded. 
Governor  Parker  acted  in  the  same  spirit  of 
promptness.  The  communication  with  Wash- 
ington was  cut  off  by  the  enemy  and  a  call 
could  not  officially  be  made  upon  him  for 
troops,  but  he  anticipated  a  call  and  sent 
troops  forward  in  time  to  render  valuable 
aid.  At  the  close  of  his  administration  the 
State  Gazette,  the  central  organ  of  the  Re- 
publican party  in  the  State,  used  the  follow- 
ing language,  viz.:  "Of  the  retiring  Gover- 
nor it  is  proper  to  remark  that  in  many  re- 
spects he  has  discharged  his  duties  in  a  man- 
ner beyond  censure.  He  was  nominated  on 
a  platform  that  pledged  support  to  the  United 
States  government  in  the  war  for  the  sup- 
pression of  the  Rebellion,  and  he  was  faithful 
to  the  pledge  he  gave  in  accepting  the  nomi- 
nation," and  in  the  same  article  "  efforts 
were  made  to  induce  him  to  resist  the  con- 


210 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


scriptioD;  he  steadily  refused  to  do  this,  but, 
on  the  contrary,  made  use  of  every  effort  to 
equip  and  send  off  the  State's  quota  of  troops 
at  the  earliest  possible  day  ;  we  regard  it  as 
fortunate  that  Mr.  Parker  was  selected  as  the 
Democratic  candidate  for  Governor  in  1862." 
He  was  in  office  at  the  close  of  the  war  and 
under  his  guidance  a  hearty  welcome,  with  a 
good  dinner,  was  given  to  all  returning  regi- 
ments by  the  State  at  the  city  of  Trenton, 
before  mustered  out, — a  fact  which  distin- 
guishes New  Jersey  from  all  her  sister  States. 
During  the  war  the  Governor  had  a  large 
patronage.  He  had  the  power  of  appoint- 
ment of  all  officers  in  New  Jersey  regiments 
below  the  rank  of  general.  These  amounted 
to  many  hundreds,  for  battle  and  disease 
made  dire  havoc  of  the  noble  soldiers.  In 
all  this  vast  patronage  not  an  officer  was  ap- 
pointed or  promoted  for  political  reasons. 
The  Governor  acted  on  the  principle  that 
when  a  man  took  up  arms  and  risked  his  life 
for  his  country  on  the  battle-field-,  if  he  had 
earned  and  deserved  pronlotion,  he  should  be 
promoted  without  regard  to  his  party  predi- 
lection. 

At  the  close  of  his  term  of  office  Governor 
Parker  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
and  for  the  next  six  years  enjoyed  a  lucrative 
business.  He  was  engaged  in  most  of  the 
cases  of  importance  in  Monmouth  and  the  ad- 
joining counties.  In  1871  he  was  again 
nominated  by  the  Democratic  Convention  for 
the  office  of  Governor  by  acclamation,  and 
was  elected  by  a  large  majority,  running  sev- 
eral thousand  votes  ahead  of  his  ticket.  His 
second  term  was  a  very  busy  one,  and  al- 
though not  so  eventful  as  the  first,  yet  had 
much  to  distinguish  it.  The  militia  of  the 
State  were  placed  on  a  permanent  basis  and 
vastly  improved  in  discipline  and  efficiency. 
The  General  Railroad  Law  was  passed,  where- 
by monopoly  was  abolished,  and  the  amend- 
ments of  the  Constitution  adopted. 

In  1868,  Governor  Parker  received  in  the 
National   Democratic  Convention,   held    in 


New  York,  the  unanimous  vote  of  his  State 
delegation  for  nomination  as  President  of  the 
United  States,  also  the  vote  of  two  States  on 
the  Pacific  slope  ;  and  again  in  1876,  at  St, 
Louis,  he  received  the  votes  of  the  New  Jer- 
sey delegation.  In  the  year  last  named  he 
was  placed  at  the  head  of  the  Democratic 
electoral  ticket,  was  elected  and  voted  for 
Samuel  J.  Tilden  in  the  Electoral  College. 
At  the  close  of  his  second  terra  as  Governor 
he  was  nominated  by  Governor  Bedle  (who 
succeeded  him)  as  attorney  general  of  the 
State.  This  office  at  that  time  had  not  been 
placed  upon  a  pecuniary  basis,  that  justified 
his  retaining  it,  and  he  found  that  it  inter- 
fered so  much  with  his  general  business,  that 
in  a  few  months  he  resigned. 

In  1880,  General  McClellan,  then  Gover- 
nor of  New  Jersey,  nominated  ex-Governor 
Parker  as  a  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court. 
He  was  confirmed,  and  in  March  of  that  year 
entered  upon  the  duties  of  the  office.  He 
was  assigned  to  the  Second  Judicial  District, 
composed  of  the  counties  of  Camden,  Bur- 
lington and  Gloucester.  The  district  is  a 
hard  one,  on  account  of  the  vast  amount  of 
legal  business  which  requires^  attention;  but 
Judge  Parker,  by  industry  and  devotion  to 
business,  by  faii-ness  and  impartiality  in  look- 
ing at  both  sides  of  every  case,  and  by  his 
courtesy  of  manner  to  the  members  of  the 
bar  and  to  all  who  came  in  contact  with  him, 
has  given  great  satisfaction  and  in  his  official 
position  enjoyed  the  respect  of  the  commu- 
nity. While  he  has  always  been  a  consistent 
Democrat,  Governor  Parker  has  never  been 
an  extreme  partisan.  In  the  various  busi- 
ness boards,  educational  and  otherwise,  he 
made  it  a  rule  to  appoint  members  of  both 
political  parties.  He  is  a  believer  in  a  non- 
partisan judiciary  and  during  his  last  guber- 
natorial term  he  nominated  three  Republican 
justices  to  the  Supreme  Court  and  two  Re- 
publican judges  of  the  Court  of  Appeals, 
leaving  each  court  still  with  a  majority  of 
Democrats.     His  non-partisan  appointments 


THE  BENCH  AND  BAK. 


211 


gave  Governor  Parker  great  popularity 
among  the  better  class  of  both  parties.  His 
appointees  to  office  have  uniformly  been  men 
of  high  character  and  ability.  At  the  close 
of  his  last  term  as  Governor,  out  of  fourteen 
judges  of  the  Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals, 
then  composing  the  court,  ten  had  been  origi- 
nally appointed  by  Governor  Parker. 

In  private  life  Joel  Parker  is  much  es- 
teemed as  a  neighbor  and  friend.  He  is  a 
good  citizen  and  among  the  first  to  espouse 
any  enterprise  looking  to  the  improvement 
and  advancement  of  the  community  where 
he  resides.  For  the  last  few  years  he  has  re- 
sided with  his  family  during  the  winter  either 
at  Camden  or  Mt.  Holly,  in  order  to  accom- 
modate the  public  and  be  nearer  his  work. 
The  wife  of  the  judge,  a;  highly  educated 
and  accomplished  lady,  is  living.  They  have 
had  four  children  who  reached  the  age  of 
majority,  viz. :  Elizabeth,  still  living;  Charles, 
a  lawyer  and  president  of  a  bank  at  Mana- 
squan ;  Helen,  who  died  of  consumption  in 
1879;  and  Frederick,  a  lawyer,  residing  at 
Freehold. 

LAW    JUDGES. 

Charles  P.  Stratton,  the  first  presi- 
dent law  judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  of  Camden  County,  was  born  at 
Bridgetou,  Cumberland  County,  N.  J.,  in 
1827,  and  died  of  malarial  fever  in  Camden 
July  30,  1884,  soon  after  his  return  from  a 
trip  to  Europe.  He  was  graduated  from  the 
College  of  New  Jersey,  at  Princeton,  in  1848, 
and  read  law  under  the  instruction  of  Hon. 
L.  Q,.  C.  Elmer,  and  was  admitted  to  tlie 
bar  as  an  attorney  in  January,  1851  ;  was 
made  a  counselor  in  1854,  and  the  same  year 
removed  to  Camden.  He  continued  to  prac- 
tice his  profession  with  great  success  in 
Camden  County,  and  in  recognition  of  his 
ability  as  a  lawyer,  upon  passage  of  a  special 
act  of  the  Legislature  creating  the  office  of 
law  judge  for  Camden  County,  to  take  ef- 
fect in  1872,  he  was  appointed  by  Governor 
Marcus  L.  Ward  to  fill  that  position  for  the 


term  of  five  years.  He  performed  the  re- 
sponsibilities incumbent  upon  him  as  a  judge 
until  the  expiration  of  his  term  and  the  ap- 
pointment of  a  successor,  when  he  again  re- 
sumed the  practice  of  law  in  Camden  until 
the  time  of  his  death.  He  left  a  widow  and 
four  children. 

He  served  two  years  in  the  City  Council,  as 
a  member  from  the  First  Ward,  and  was  made 
one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Cooper  Hospital 
Fund.  He  was  also  a  director  in  the  Cam- 
den Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Company,  the 
New  National  Bank  at  Bridgeton,  the  West 
Jersey  Railroad  Company  and  the  Camden 
and  Philadelphia  Ferry  Company.  He  was 
by  nature  adapted  to  the  office  of  judge  and 
presided  over  the  court  with  great  accepta- 
bility. 

David  J.  Pancoast  was  born  near 
Woodbury,  Gloucester  County,  N.  J.,  Sep- 
tember 21,  1843.  His  father,  James  Pasn- 
coast,  who  married  Hope  Lippincott,  was  a 
farmer  by  occupation,  and  the  son  spent  his 
early  years  on  the  farm.  At  the  age  of  thir- 
teen he  was  sent  to  London  Grove  Friends' 
School,  near  Kennett  Square,  Chester  Coun- 
ty, Pa.,  afterwards  to  Freeland  Seminary,  in 
Montgomery  County,  and  later  to  an  acad- 
emy at  Carversville,  Bucks  County.  He 
continued  his  studies  in  the  Pennsylvania 
State  Normal  School,  at  Millersville,  and  in 
1864  entered  the  La  w  Department  of  Harvard 
University,  at  which  institution  he  spent 
nearly  two  years. 

He  completed  his  legal  studies  in  the  office 
of  James  B.  Dayton,  of  Camden,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  as  an  attorney  November 
5,  1868,  and  in  1871  was  made  a  counselor. 
When  he  first  became  a  member  of  the  Cam- 
den bar  his  preceptor,  Mr.  Dayton,  was  pre- 
paring to  retire  from  an  extended  practice, 
whereupon  he  turned  over  to  Mr.  Pancoast 
much  of  his  litigated  business. 

Chancellor  Runyon,  on  March  8,  1875, 
appointed  him  special  master  in  Chancery, 
and  on  April  1, 1877,  he  was  elevated  to  the 


212 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


bench,  being  appointed  president  judge  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  Camden 
County  by  Governor  Joseph  D.  Bedle.  He 
filled  the  term  of  five  years  with  recognized 
ability.  In  1873  Judge  Pancoast  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice  in  the  United  States  Court 
of  New  Jersey,  and  also  the  United  States 
Circuit  Court  and  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States. 

Charles  T.  Reed,  the  third  law  judge 
of  the  Camden  County  Courts,  was  born  in 
Trenton,  N.  J.,  in  1843.  He  obtained  a 
preparatory  education  at  the  Academy,  the 
High  School  and  the  Model  School,  of  that 
city,  and  afterwards  entered  the  Wesleyan 
University,  at  Middletown,  Conn.,  from 
which  institution  he  was  graduated.  He 
soon  thereafter  entered  the  office  of  Hon. 
Thomas  P.  Carpenter,  of  Camden,  as  a  stu- 
dent-at-law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  as  an 
attorney  in  1865,  and  as  a  counselor  in  1868. 
He  practiced  law  with  success  until  1882, 
during  which  years  he  was  appointed  by 
Governor  Ludlow,  president  law  judge  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  Camden 
County.  After  serving  about  three  years  of 
his  term  he  died,  at  the  early  age  of  forty- 
two,  from  a  violent  attack  of  typhoid  fever, 
on  Saturday  evening,  February  7,  1885. 
Judge  Reed  was  married  to  Miss  Emma 
Creft,  of  Philadelphia,  who  survived  him. 
He  left  no  descendants. 

John  W.  Westcott  was  born  at  Water- 
ford,  Camden  County,  and  his  early  life  was 
spent  in  the  glass  factory  in  his  native  town. 
He  attended  a  preparatory  school  in  Massa- 
chusetts, and  went  from  thence  to  Yale 
College.  When  he  had  completed  his  Col- 
lege course,  he  read  law  with  the  Honorable 
Dexter  R.  Wright,  of  New  Haven,  and  then 
entered  his  name  in  the  office  of  Samuel  H. 
Grey,  Esq.,  of  Camden,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  New  Jersey  bar,  as  an  attorney,  in  1879, 
and  three  years  later  admitted  as  a  counselor- 
at-law.  At  the  death  of  Charles  T.  Reed, 
Presiding-Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 


Pleas,  of  Camden  County,  Governor  Abbett 
appointed  Mr.  Westcott  to  the  unexpired 
term  of  Judge  Reed,  a  position  he  has  since 
filled  with  ability.  Twice  Judge  Westcott 
has  been  before  the  people  as  a  candidate  of 
his  party,  once  as  the  nominee  for  the  State 
Senate  in  1884,  and  in  1886  was  made  the 
unanimous  choice  of  his  party  as  a  candidate 
for  Congress  in  the  First  Congressional  Dis- 
trict. 

LAY  .judges. 

John  Clement,  judge  of  the  Court  of 
Errors  and  Appeals,  son  of  John  and  Han- 
nah (Chew)  Clement,  was  born  November 
8,  A.D.  1818,  in  Haddonfield,  New  Jersey. 
At  that  time  his  father  was  in  the  midst  of 
an  active  business  life,  constantly  engaged 
in  the  surveying  of  land,  the  settlement  of 
disputed  boundaries  and  the  division  of  real 
estate,  and  it  is  possible  that  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  cannot  remember  when  he  first 
heard  questions  discussed  that  were  thus  in- 
volved. It  may  be  said  that  his  education 
as  a  surveyor,  and  his  familiarity  with  mat- 
ters pertaining  thereto,  began  in  his  infancy 
and  grew  with  him  to  manhood.  As  his 
years  increased  and  the  physical  as  well  as 
the  mental  labor  attendant  upon  the  field- 
work  of  surveying  became  a  tax  upon  his 
strength  and  endurance,  the  father  gradually 
gave  place  to  the  son,  with  the  benefit  of  his 
experience,  the  use  of  his  papers  and  the  in- 
fluence of  his  reputation.  These  were  ad- 
vantages not  to  be  disregarded,  and  with  the 
introduction  of  new  and  improved  instru- 
ments, he  filled  the  place  thus  left  vacant, 
and  has  pursued  the  same  calling  for  some 
forty  years.  As  the  value  of  land  increased 
it  was  demanded  that  some  evidence  of  the 
title  to  real  estate  should  be  shown,  which, 
although  it  increased  the  labor  and  responsi- 
bility of  the  conveyancer,  yet  were  entirely 
legitimate  and  proper  inquiries  to  be  an- 
swered. 

In  1851,  and  upon  his  father's  resignation, 
he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Council  of 


f'- 


THE  BENCH  AND  BAR. 


213 


Proprietors  of  West  New  Jersey,  the  duties 
of  which,  and  the  records  there  found,  led 
to  much  instruction  in  the  history  of  titles  to 
land  in  the  State.  At  the  annual  meeting  of 
that  body  in  1885  he  was  elected  president, 
and  has  so  acted  since  that  time. 

In  1854  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  asso- 
ciate judges  of  the  several  courts  of  Camden 
County,  and  reappointed  in  1860.  Many 
interesting  cases  were  heard  and  disposed  of 
during  his  term  of  office,  from  which  he  de- 
rived much  valuable  information  as  applica- 
ble to  his  line  of  business.  In  1864  he  was 
appointed  by  Governor  Joel  Parker  one  of  the 
lay  judges  of  the  Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals 
of  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  sitting  at  Tren- 
ton. Being  the  court  of  last  i-esort  in  all 
eases,  the  most  important  ones  only  reach 
that  tribunal,  and  are  there  disposed  of.  The 
Court  of  Pardons,  consisting  of  the  Governor, 
chancellor  and  the  six  lay  judges  of  the  Court 
of  Errors  and  Appeals,  has  many  delicate 
duties,  involving  care  and  prudence  in  their 
discharge. 

Having,  by  this  promotion,  access  to  the 
several  offices  of  record  at  the  capital,  a  new 
field  of  research  was  opened,  which  he  eagerly 
entered  upon.  Examining  each  book  page 
by  page,  a  mine  of  historical  knowledge 
was  developed,  which  yielded  ample  reward 
for  all  the  labor,  and  has  proved  invaluable 
in  establishing  titles  to  land,  settling  genea- 
logical questions  and  strengthening  facts  here- 
tofore regarded  as  traditional. 

In  1877  John  Clement  was  appointed  by 
Governor  Joseph  D.  Bedle  one  of  three  com- 
missioners to  examine  into  the  prison  system 
of  the  State  and  suggest  any  improvement  in 
the  same,  and  in  1879  was  appointed  by 
Governor  George  B.  McClellan  upon  a  com- 
mission to  "  prepare  a  system  of  general  laws 
for  the  government  of  municipalities  hereto- 
fore or  hereafter  to  be  incorporated  in  this 
State." 

As  a  member  of  the  Surveyors'  Associa- 
tion of  West  New  Jersey,  which  was  organ- 


ized in  1864,  he  has  always  been  active  from 
its  inception.  This  society  has  been  a  success 
and  accomplished  its  purposes  fully.  The 
social  intercourse  and  interchange  of  senti- 
ment and  opinion  among  the  members  is  of 
great  advantage  and  the  valuable  papers  read 
have  saved  many  points  of  history  relating  to 
the  southern  part  of  the  State  from  loss. 

He  is  author  of  several  articles  printed  in 
magazines  and  newspapers  relating  to  histor- 
ical subjects,  and  in  1877  published  a  volume 
of  five  hundred  and  fifty  pages,  containing 
sketches  of  the  first  settlers  in  his  native 
township.  Apart  from  the  errors  incident  to 
such  work,  it  is  found  to  be  useful  and  of 
interest  to  such  as  are  in  search  of  their 
ancestors.  In  1885,  he  was  appointed  by  the 
Supreme  Court  of  New  Jersey,  as  one  of  the 
commissioners  to  settle  a  disputed  line  between 
the  counties  of  Burlington  and  Atlantic,  which 
was  accomplished  the  same  year. 

Judge  Clement  has  an  extensive  knowledge 
of  the  early  history  of  West  New  Jersey,  and 
has  been  unceasing  in  his  interest  in  the  pre- 
paration of  the  "  History  of  Camden  County  " 
as  embraced  in  this  volume.  By  his  wise 
counsel  and  efficient  aid,  the  author  and  pub- 
lishers of  this  History  have  been  greatly  en- 
abled to  furnish  to  the  people  of  Camden 
County  the  work  in  its  present  exhaustive 
and  complete  form. 

John  Clement,  Se.,  was  born  in  Haddon- 
field,  N.  J.,  on  the  10th  day  of  September, 
A.D.  1769,  and  was  the  eldest  of  the  two 
children  of  Nathaniel  and  Abigail  (Rowand) 
Clement.  He  had  a  distinct  recollection  of 
many  incidents  of  the  Revolutionary  War 
that  occurred  in  his  native  town.  His  op- 
portunities for  education  were  limited,  but 
with  a  fondness  for  study,  the  assistance  of 
his  parents  and  diligent  application,  he  man- 
aged to  overcome  the  primary  branches  and 
obtain  some  knowledge  of  mathematics. 
When  quite  a  young  man  he  fancied  a  sea- 
faring life  would  suit  him,  but  a  trip  from 
Philadelphia   to  the   Lower  Delaware  Bay 


214 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


during  a  severe  wind-storm   convinced   him 

that  he  was  not  of  those  "  who  go  down  to 

the  sea  in   ships."     The  first   public   office 

held  by  John  Clement  was  that  of  constable 

for  the  township  of  Newton,  in  Gloucester 

County,  and   it  was  brought  about  in  this 

wise.     At  the  town-meeting  of  March  19, 

1790,  the  following  entry  was  made: 

"  It  being  deemed  by  the  town  to  be  Nathaniel 
Clement's  turn  to  serve  as  constable  for  the  ensuing 
year,  the  meeting  agreed  that  he  shall  have  liberty 
to  propose  a  person  to  serve  iu  said  office  in  his 
stead :  and  the  said  Nathaniel  producing  to  said 
meeting  his  son  John  Clement,  it  was  agreed  he 
shall  be  appointed  to  said  office." 

This  appointment  was  made  about  six 
months  before  he  attained  his  majority,  and 
was  done  to  relieve  his  father  of  the  duties 
of  the  office.  He  was  at  various  times  free- 
holder, committeeman  and  surveyor  of  high- 
ways, and  claimed  it  was  the  duty  of  every 
tax -payer  to  serve  the  township  to  prevent 
the  waste  of  money.  His  military  career  ex- 
tended through  many  years  of  his  life. 
From  a  private  in  one  of  the  uniformed 
companies  of  the  county,  he  was  in  1798 
recommended  by  Lieutenant-Colonel  Joshua 
L.  Howell,  and  appointed  by  the  Governor 
(Richard  Howell)  as  adjutant  of  the  Second 
Regiment  of  the  Gloucester  Militia.  In  the 
War  of  1812  he  had  a  place  on  the  staff  of 
General  Elmer,  with  rank  of  major,  and  was 
employed  in  laying  out  the  camp  at  Billings- 
port  and  opening  roads  to  it. 

He  also  acted  as  paymaster,  and  upon  the 
discharge  of  the  troops  went  into  each  of  the 
counties  of  West  Jersey  to  pay  the  soldiers. 
The  pay-rolls  of  the  several  companies  show 
the  signatures  of  each  private  upon  the  re- 
ceipt of  his  money.  These  papers,  in  good 
preservation,  are  now  in  possession  of  the 
adjutant-general  at  Trenton,  where  they  can 
be  examined  by  those  curious  in  such  mat- 
ters. Very  useful  they  have  been  to  prove 
the  service  of  many  soldiers,  whose  papers 
had  been  lost,  when  they  or  their  widows 
made  application  for  pensions. 


In  1824  he  was  appointed  colonel  of  the 
Second  Regiment  of  the  Gloucester  Brigade 
and  ranked  as  such  officer  until  1837,  when 
he  was  advanced  to  the  position  of  brigadier- 
general  of  the  Gloucester  Brigade,  and  took 
the  oath  of  office  the  same  year.  Upon  the 
separation  of  Camden  County  from  Old 
Gloucester,  in  1844,  he  was  continued  in  the 
same  rank,  but  refused  every  position,  civil 
or  military,  under  the  new  dispensation.  He 
become  a  practical  surveyor  when  a  young 
man,  and  was  so  engaged  the  most  of  his 
active  business  life.  His  field-books,  maps 
and  memoranda  collected  during  that  time 
show  his  care  and  industry.  In  1809  he 
become  a,  member  of  the  Council  of  Proprietors 
of  West  Jersey,  which  body  sat  at  Burling- 
ton four  times  each  year.  In  1813  he  was 
made  a  deputy  surveyor,  and  in  1816  elected 
vice-president  of  the  board.  In  1832,  and 
upon  the  death  of  William  Irick,  he  was 
chosen  president  of  the  Board  of  Proprietors, 
and  so  remained  until  his  resignation  as  a 
member,  in  1851. 

In  1799  he  was  appointed  collector  of  the 
revenue  for  the  federal  government  in  the 
county  of  Gloucester,  "arising  upon  domestic 
distilled  spirits  and  stills,  upon  sales  at  auc- 
tion, upon  carriages  for  the  conveyance  of 
persons,  upon  licenses  to  retail  wines  and 
foreign  distilled  spirits,  upon  snuff  or  snuff- 
mills  and  upon  refined  sugar."  This  posi- 
tion entailed  upon  him  much  labor  and 
responsibility,  the  territory  being  large  and 
the  settlements  in  many  parts  long  distances 
from  each  other.  How  long  he  discharged 
the  duties  does  not  appear. 

In  the  same  year  (1799)  he  received  his 
first  commission  as  justice  of  the  peace,  the 
duties  of  which  office  he  discharged  until 
his  advancing  years  induced  him  to  relin- 
quish it. 

He  was  the  first  postmaster  in  Haddon- 
field,  his  commission  being  dated  March  22, 
1803.  This  w^s  the  second  year  of  the  first 
term  of  Thomas  Jefferson's  administration  as 


|^^f%s 


Y?'^?0^l-'  Cp  Ccyrrz.6'l''-r^ 


THE  BENCH  AND  BAK. 


215 


President  of  the  United  States,  and  shadows 
his  political  inclinations  at  that  time. 

In  1805  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  judges 
of  the  several  courts  of  Gloucester  County. 
His  punctuality  in  attendance  and  his  busi- 
ness methods  soon  brought  him  into  notice, 
and  in  1824  he  become  the  presiding  officer 
of  the  court  in  the  absence  of  the  law  judge. 
About  the   year   1822    the    subject   was 
agitated  as  to  the  building  of  a  canal  from 
the  Delaware  River  at  Easton  to  the  Hudson 
River  at  Jersey  City.     The  enterprise  was 
at  last  commenced  and  much  trouble  arose 
with  the  land-owners  where  it  passed  as  to 
damage.       April    15,    1830,    Chief  Justice 
Charles   Ewing   appointed    John    Clement, 
William  N.  Shinn  and  John  Patterson  com- 
missioners to  settle  these  disputes.     In  the 
discharge  of  this  duty  they  made  a  report 
which  was  accepted  by  the  court  and  was 
generally  satisfactory. 

Of  muscular  frame,  well-developed  and 
healthy,  his  endurance  was  remarkable,  and 
he  preserved  his  strength  and  faculties  to  a 
ripe  old  age.  Gradually  yielding  to  the  en- 
croachments of  an  insidious  disease  and  ad- 
vancing years,  he  died  on  the  evening  of 
July  4,  1855. 

John  K.  Cowperthwaitb,  who  was  one 
of  the  prominent  lay  judges  of  the  courts  of 
Camden  County,  was  born  in  1787,  in  the 
old  frame  house  standing  on  the  east  bank  of 
Coopers  Creek,  between  the  Federal  Street 
and  Pennsylvania  Railroad  bridges.  He  re- 
moved into  the  town  of  Camden  in  1820, 
and,  uniting  intelligence  with  integrity,  he  so 
won  the  confidence  of  the  people,  that  they 
trusted  him  almost  implicitly,  and  he  was  in 
office  continuously  during  his  life,  frequently 
holding  several  at  the  same  time.  He  was  a 
magistrate  of  the  county,  and,  as  such,  a  judge 
of  the  County  Court,  and  when  justices  of 
the  peace  ceased  to  be  judges  of  the  County 
Court  he  was  appointed  by  the  Legislature, 
term  after  term,  almost  without  interruption 
until  his  death.     He  was  a  member  of  the 


township    committee   of    Camden   township 
nearly  the  entire  eighteen  years  of  its  exist- 
ence, and  was  also  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Chosen  Freeholders.     He  took  an  active  part 
in  securing  the  city  charter  of  1828,  and  was 
appointed  recorder,  serving  for  twelve  years, 
and  served  on  most  of  the  important  com- 
mittees in  Camden  City  Council.     When  the 
mayor  was   made  elective  by  the  people,  in 
1844,  he  was  the  choice,  serving  one  year. 
He  was  a  candidate  for  the  office  in  1854,  but 
was  defeated.     In  the  efflarts  to  increase  the 
educational  facilities,  in   1843,  Judge  Cow- 
perthwaite  took  an  active  part  and  gave  the 
cause  of  education   material  assistance.     He 
early    attached    himself    to    the    Methodist 
Church  and    was  one  of  its  pillars,  holding 
various  offices  and  exemplifying  its  principles 
in  his  life.     He  was  the  confidant  of  many, 
who  sought  his  counsel,  and  while  free  in  his 
charities,  was   unostentatious,  and  few,  save 
the  beneficiaries,  knew,  when   he  died.  May 
6,  1873,  how  kindly  a  heart  had  ceased  to 
beat. 

Asa  p.  Horner  was  a  thrifty  and  pro- 
gressive farmer  of  Stockton  township,  and 
had  the  confidence  of  his  neighbors  in  hold- 
ing many  local  offices  among  them.  He  was 
twice  appointed  one  of  the  judges  of  the 
Camden  County  Courts,  and  discharged  his 
duties  acceptably.  He  was  a  descendant  of 
one  of  the  old  families  on  "  Pea  Shore,"  from 
whence,  in  ancient  times,  Philadelphia  was 
supplied  with  early  vegetables  and  like  pro- 
duce. The  location  and  soil  was  adapted  to 
this  end,  and  he  was  but  an  indifferent  farmer 
who  did  not  make  it  profitable.  Like  other 
branches  of  agriculture,  this  has  kept  pace 
with  the  various  improvements  made,  show- 
ing that  a  few  acres  well  tilled  is  better  than 
many  poorly  cultivated.  The  "trucker"  of 
fifty  years  ago  would  refuse  to  be  convinced 
of  any  profit,  if  shown  the  cost  of  fertihzers 
and  labor  now  put  upon  the  land  to  force  the 
crops  and  increase  the  yield.  He  was  an 
"  Old-Line  Whig  "  until  the  defeat  of  Henry 


216 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


Clay  for  President,  when  he  affiliated  with 
the  Democratic  party  and  became  a  promi- 
nent man  in  that  division  of  national  politics. 

ATTOENEYS-AT-LAW. 

William  N.  Jepfbes  was  born  in  Salem 
County  and  removed  in  his  youth  to  Camden. 
When  he  grew  to  manhood  he  was  in  stature 
tall  and  finely  formed,  with  the  exquisite 
manners  of  the  olden  time.  He  was  in  poli- 
ties an  ardent  apostle  of  the  Democratic 
faith,  and  was  sent  by  President  Jackson  as 
the  American  representative  to  one  of  the 
South  American  States,  but  he  soon  returned 
and  resumed  the  practice  of  the  law. 

Mr.  Jeifers'  brilliant  qualities  as  a  lawyer 
were  recognized  all  over  West  Jersey,  to 
which  his  practice  was  chiefly  confined.  His 
second  wife  outlived  him,  but  he  had  no 
children,  and  his  estate  descended  to  Com- 
mander Jeliers,  who  distinguished  himself  as 
an  ofiicer  of  the  American  navy  during  the 
War  for  the  Union  ;  who  has  frequently 
been  presented  with  testimonials  of  great 
value  by  other  nations,  and  now  lives,  after 
a  useful  and  gallant'  career,  in  Washington, 
as  a  retired  officer  of  the  United  States  Navy, 

Thomas  Chapman  was  born  in  Salem 
County,  New  Jersey,  and  from  thence  re- 
moved to  Camden,  locating  his  office  in 
Second  Street  near  Plum  (now  Arch  Street), 
on  property  belonging  to  the  late  Dr.  Tho- 
mas W.  Cullen.  Mr.  Chapman  was  a  lawyer 
of  solid  attainments  rather  than  of  brilliant 
oratory.  In  fact,  the  great  Judge  Parsons, 
of  Massachusetts,  said  that  mere  oratory  was 
a  hindrance  rather  than  a  help  to  an  active 
and  successful  practitioner  at  the  bar.  But 
as  a  counselor,  Mr.  Chapman  had  no  superior 
in  the  select  circle  of  lawyers  who  then 
formed  the  bar  of  Camden  County.  Among 
these  was  the  venerable  Josiah  Harrison  who, 
late  in  life,  removed  from  Camden  to  Wood- 
bury, where  he  died.  Thomas  Chapman  was 
a  laborious  lawyer,  faithful  to  the  interests 
of  his  clients.     He  was  married  happily,  but 


the  union  was  not  blessed  with  children. 
One  morning,  in  summer,  (Mr.  Chapman 
being  nearly  sixty  years  old),  the  door  of  the 
little  frame  office  on  Second  Street  was  found 
open,  and  Thomas  Chapman  lying  dead  at 
his  table,  with  his  books  opeu  before  him. 
It  is  supposed  he  died  of  heart  disease. 

Among  the  earliest  resident  lawyers  of 
Camden  was  Morris  Croxall,  who  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice  in  the  Gloucester  County 
courts  in  September,  1821.  He  died  in 
Camden,  and  although  prominent  in  his  day, 
no  facts  in  regard  to  him,  further  than  here 
presented,  can  be  procured. 

Jeremiah  H.  Sloan,  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  ]  821,  was  a  distinguished  lawyer,  who  was 
ten  years  older  than  Hon.  Abraham  Brown- 
ing, of  Camden.  He  was  the  cotemporary  of 
Samuel  L.  Southard,  William  N.  Jeffers  and 
Judge  John  Moore  White,  who  died  at  Wood- 
bury, N.  J.,  at  a  good  old  age,  full  of  years 
and  of  honor.  Jeremiah  Sloan  was  perhaps 
the  most  brilliant  lawyer  in  West  Jersey,  keen 
in  his  perceptions,  never  a  very  hard  student, 
but  gifted  with  magnetism  of  temperament 
and  eloquent  in  speech,  and  possessed  of  fine 
social  qTialities  which  caused  him  to  be 
warmly  welcomed  wherever  he  went. 

His  professional  services  were  sought  for 
far  and  wide,  and  paid  for  by  admiring 
clients  with  liberal  itv.  Those  who  best  re- 
member him  say  that  he  united  the  wit  of 
Sheridan  with  the  social  graces  of  Charles 
James  Fox,  the  celebrated  English  statesman. 

He  was  one  of  the  most  remarkable 
men  who  ever  practiced  at  the  West  Jersey 
bar.  His  mind  was  alert,  his  forensic  style 
witty,  humorous  and  argumentative.  He  was 
a  quick  and  accurate  judge  of  character. 
Ready  and  skillful  in  the  examination  of 
witnesses,  eloquent,  persuasive  and  con- 
vincing in  addressing  a  jury,  he  was  well 
equipped  with  all  the  qualities  necessary  for 
success  at  the  Nisi  Prius  bar,  of  which  he 
was  in  his  day  the  accepted  leader.  Per- 
sonally he  was  a  man  of  warm  and  generous 


THE  BENCH  AND  BAR. 


217 


impulses,  social,  indeed  convivial.  He  was 
extremely  popular  and  pleasing  in  manner, 
and  was  equally  at  home  at  the  convivial 
assemblages  of  the  lawyers,  more  common  in 
his  day  than  now,  or  in  addressing  a  court 
upon  the  dryest  legal  proposition.  He  died 
at  Mount  Holly,  broken  in  health  and 
fortune,  leaving  little  behind  him  but  the  de- 
lightful recollections  of  his  friends  and  the 
general  reputation  of  a  brilliant  character. 

Richard  W.  Howell  was  born  on  a 
plantation  called  "  Fancy  Hill,"  in  Glouces- 
ter County.  His  father  and  mother  were 
both  prominent  during  the  Revolution  of 
1776,  and  many  are  the  pleasing  tales  of 
generous  hospitality  to  the  officers  of  the 
patriot  army,  who  were  wont  to  pause  at  the 
home  of  Colonel  Howell,  and,  amidst  the 
joys  of  an  old-time  welcome,  forget  for  a  day 
the  great  struggle  for  liberty. 

Mr.  Howell  married  a  sister  of  Hon. 
Thomas  P.  Carpenter,  and  she  still  survives 
her  husband  and  her  brother.  Richard  W. 
Howell's  mother,  like  his  father,  was  a  re- 
markable person,  and  when  she  found  her- 
self a  widow,  with  a  large  family  and  an  en- 
cumbered property,  she  managed  the  Howell 
estate,  much  of  it  lying  along  the  Delaware 
River  and  including  the  Howell  fishery,  so 
that  in  a  few  years  it  was  clear  of  debt,  and 
at  her  death  there  wa.s  a  handsome  estate  to 
divide  among  the  heirs  without  incum- 
brance of  any  kind. 

Mr.  Howell  was  early  bred  to  the  law, 
and  made  a  careful,  conscientious  and  suc- 
cessful member  of  the  profession.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  New  Jersey  bar  in  Septem- 
ber, 1827.  His  office,  which  he  occupied 
till  his  death,  was  a  small,  one-story  room  in 
Plum  Street  (now  Arch),  in  Camden,  built 
by  William  N.  Jeffers  and  now  owned  by 
Judge  WoodhuU's  estate. 

Richard  W.  Howell  was,  like  the  rest  of 
the  Howell  family,  a  gentleman  of  distin- 
guished appearance.  He  was  possessed  of 
rarely  courteous  manners  and  was  a  laborious 
28 


lawyer.  The  ordinances  of  Camden  City 
Council  bear  the  impress  of  his  legal  mind, 
and  he  was  frequently  elected  to  the  Council 
chamber,  and  was  once  mayor  of  the  city. 
No  man  in  the  profession  was  more  beloved 
by  his  fellow-members  of  the  bar. 

He  left  a  large  family,  one  of  his  sons  be- 
ing a  well-known  physician  in  Philadelphia, 
another  a  successful  lawyer,  and  still  another 
died  in  battle  at  the  head  of  his  company  in 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion. 

Robert  K.  Matlock,  who  was  a  practi- 
tioner at  the  Camden  courts  immediately  after 
their  organization,  was  born  at  Woodbury, 
Gloucester  County,  January  22,  1804,  and 
was  the  son  of  Hon.  James  Matlock,  at  one 
time  a  member  of  Congress,  whose  American 
ancestor,  William  Matlock,  was  among  the 
Friends  who  settled  at  Burlington,  N.  J., 
about  the  year  1760.  His  law  preceptor 
was  Charles  Chauncey,  Esq.,  of  Philadelphia; 
was  admitted  as  attorney  November  16, 
1827,  and  as  counselor  September  6,  1833. 
He  died  April  27,  1877,  at  his  home  in 
Woodbury. 

Abraham  Browninc4  was  born  July  26, 
1808,  on  his  father's  farm,  in  the  vicinity  of 
Camden.  The  family  to  which  he  belongs 
is  one  of  the  oldest  in  the  State  of  New 
Jersey.  The  American  founder,  George 
Browning,  came  immediately  from  Holland, 
although  of  ancient  English  lineage,  about 
the  year  1735,  and  settled  near  Pea  Shore. 
George  Browning's  son  Abraham  followed 
in  his  father's  footsteps  and  became  a  farmer. 
He  married  Beulah  Genge,  who,  like  him- 
self, was  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  but  whose 
parents  were  English,  arriving  in  America 
from  London  about  the  year  1760.  From 
this  marriage  sprang  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  and  a  numerous  progeny.  Abraham 
obtained  his  earliest  education  at  the  country 
schools  in  the  neighborhood  of  his  home. 
Possessed  of  a  large  capacity  for  acquiring 
knowledge,  and  gifted  with  a  studious  tem- 
perament, he  made  most  effective  use  of  all 


218 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


his  opportunities,  and  laid  a  solid  founda- 
tion, broad  and  deep,  for  the  superstructure 
of  after-years.  After  an  elementary  course 
thus  satisfactorily  pursued,  he  was  placed  at 
the  academy  at  Woodbury.  From  this  he 
was  transferred  to  the  popular  school  of 
John  Gummere,  in  Burlington.  The  en- 
larged advantages  here  offered  Abraham 
Browning  were  industriously  improved,  and 
he  obtained  a  good  English  and  a  limited 
classical  education. 

He  became  a  student  in  the  law-office  of 
Hon.  Samuel  L.  Southard,  at  Trenton,  in 
1830.  At  the  expiration  of  a  year  passed 
in  preliminary  study  he  entered  the  Law 
School  of  Yale  College,  and,  after  remaining 
two  years,  he  entered  the  office  of  the  well- 
known  Philadelphia  lawyer,  Charles  Chaun- 
cey.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Septem- 
ber, 1834,  and  immediately  thereafter  began 
to  practice  his  profession  in  Camden,  where 
he  has  ever  since  resided,  laboring  in  his 
chosen  career.  He  early  became  noted  for 
the  care  and  ability  with  which  the  business 
intrusted  to  his  care  was  managed,  and,  as  a 
natural  consequence,  he  made  steady  and 
rapid  progress  through  the  ranks.  With 
clear  perception,  a  well-trained  and  well- 
stored  mind,  to  which  constant  study  was 
ever  bringing  valuable  contributions,  in- 
domitable industry  and  never-tiring  investi- 
gation of  detail,  he  obtained  so  thorough  a 
mastery  over  his  cases  as  to  be  almost  in^ 
vincible  when  he  advised  contest.  Nowhere 
in  the  ranks  of  the  profession  could  a  harder 
student  have  been  found ;  not  one  among  the 
aspirants  to  similar  fame  devoted  more  faithful 
and  painstaking  labor  to  his  client's  inter- 
ests than  he  has  done.  His  aid  has  been 
sought  in  many  important  issues  beyond  the 
borders  of  New  Jersey,  and  his  reputation 
is  national.  As  a  constitutional  lawyer  he 
has  been  a  recognized  authority,  and  his 
opinion  on  points  of  constitutional  issue  car- 
ries great  weight.  In  railroad  cases,  also,  he 
has  been  regarded  as  especially  strong,  and 


he  has  been  engaged  in  many  important 
cases,  involving  difficult  and  delicate  points 
of  railroad  law.  His  famous  contest  with 
Hon.  Theodore  Cuyler,  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  case,  in  1871,  will  long  be  remem- 
bered by  members  of  the  profession  for  the 
profound  legal  learning,  easy  mastery  over 
the  mazy  difficulties  of  a  peculiarly  intricate 
litigation,  readiness  of  resource,  patient  en- 
durance and  overwhelming  strength  he  man- 
ifested. 

To  him,  in  part,  New  Jersey  owes  its 
present  Constitution,  inasmuch  as  he  was  an 
active  and  prominent  member  of  the  conven- 
tion called  in  1844  for  the  revision  of  the 
then  existing  instrument.  He  was  also  the 
first  attorney-general  under  the  Constitution 
so  revised,  being  appointed  to  that  position 
by  Governor  Charles  C.  Stratton  in  the  same 
year.  This  office  he  held  during  the  regular 
term  of  five  years. 

His  successes  as  a  lawyer  do  not  bound 
his  career.  He  has  stepped  beyond  merely 
professional  boundaries  in  his  studies  and 
researches,  and  in  whatever  direction  his 
tastes  have  led  him,  the  same  thoroughness 
and  success  have  marked  his  efforts. 

Mr.  Browning  was  married.  May  23, 
1842,  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Hon.  James 
Matlock,  of  Woodbury,  N.  J.,  whose  Amer- 
ican ancestor,  William  Matlock,  was  among 
the  Quakers  who  settled  at  Burlington,  N.  J., 
about  the  year  1678. 

William  Daniel  Cooper  was  a  son  of 
Richard  M.  Cooper,  late  president  of  the 
National  State  Bank  of  Camden,  and  a  lineal 
descendant  in  the  seventh  generation  of  Wil- 
liam and  Margaret  Cooper,  who  in  1681  were 
the  first  settlers  on  the  site  of  Camden.  He 
was  born  in  the  homestead  on  Cooper  Street  the 
30th  day  of  August,  1816,  being  the  twin 
brother  of  Dr.  Richard  M.  Cooper,  and  after 
obtaining  a  preparatory  education  entered  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  from  which  in- 
stitution he  was  graduated  in  1836.  He 
studied  law  in  the    office   of  the    Hon.  Wil- 


<^i^j:yJ>u//_  Q^.PhdJd^ 


THE  BENCH  AND  BAK. 


219 


Ham  M.  Meredith,  of  Philadelphia.  He  was 
admitted  a  member  ot"  the  Philadelphia  bar 
in  1841  and  the  same  year  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  the  courts  of  New  Jersey.  Upon 
the  death  of  his  father,  in  1844,  he  became 
the  manager  of  his  estate,  which  embraced 
lands  now  covered  by  much  of  the  most  at- 
tractively built-up  portion  of  the  city  of 
Camden.  This  gave  him  an  extensive  busi- 
ness as  a  real  estate  lawyer,  and  he  managed 
the  large  interest  included  with  judicious 
care  and  characteristic  ability.  By  laying 
off  in  lots  much  of  the  lands  previously 
owned  by  his  father,  he  greatly  enhanced  the 
value  of  the  property  in  North  Camden  and 
very  materially  increased  the  amount  of  the 
estate  placed  under  his  special  care  and  direc- 
tion. His  experience  as  a  real  estate  lawyer 
and  counselor  gave  him  an  extended  office 
practice  and  he  seldom  appeared  in  court  in 
the  trial  of  causes.  He  contributed  much  to 
the  growth  and  development  of  the  city  of 
Camden,  and  was  constantly  studying  how 
best  to  advance  the  material  welfare  of  the 
community.  He  was  kind-hearted,  benevo- 
lent and  philanthropic.  Feeling  the  need  of 
a  hospital  in  West  Jersey,  he  and  his  brother. 
Dr.  Richard  M.  Cooper,  turned  their  atten- 
tion toward  establishing  one  in  Camden. 
Both  died  before  the  realization  of  their 
jilans  for  the  erection  of  such  a  building. 
Their  sisters — Sarah  W.  and  Elizabeth  B. 
Cooper,  in  accordance  with  the  wishes  of 
their  deceased  brothers,  generously  donated 
two  hundred  thousand  dollars  for  the  estab- 
lishment and  endowment  of  the  Cooper  Hos- 
pital, and  with  their  brother,  Alexander 
Cooper,  conveyed  a  large  tract  of  land  elig- 
ibly located  in  Camden,  upon  which  to  erect 
a  building  for  that  purpose.  The  manage- 
ment of  this  noble  charity  (a  history  of 
which  is  given  in  the  Medical  Chapter  of 
this  work),  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  a 
board  of  trustees  created  under  au  act  of 
incorporation  by  the  State  Legislature  March 
24th,  1875. 


Mr.  Cooper  was  for  a  time  president  of 
the  Gas  Coinpany,  a  director  in  the  National 
State  Bank  and  for  a  time  counsel  for  the 
same  institution.  In  politics  he  was  origi- 
nally a  Whig  in  the  days  of  that  party  and 
afterwards  an  ardent  Eepublican.  Early 
in  its  history  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Union  League  of  Philadelphia.  He  devoted 
much  of  his  time  to  reading  and  was  well 
versed  in  general  literature.  In  religion  he 
was  a  believer  in  the  faith  of  his  ancestor 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends. 

MoRHis  E.  Hamilton  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  September,  1842,  after  preparing 
for  his  profession  in  the  office  of  his  father. 
General  Samuel  R.  Hamilton,  of  Trenton. 
He  located  in  Camden  in  November  of  the 
same  year  of  his  admission  and  continued  a 
member  of  the  Camden  County  bar  for  two 
years,  at  the  expiration  of  which  time  he  re- 
moved to  Philadelphia  and  practiced  chiefly 
in  Kensington  and  Spring  Garden  in  partner- 
ship with  the  late  Laban  Burkhardt.  In 
1849  he  went  to  Trenton  to  become  the  edi- 
tor of  a  paper  which  his  father  had  purchased 
and  which  was  then  changed  to  the  Daily 
True  Ameriean,  the  Democratic  organ  of  the 
State  capital,  which  position  he  held  until 
1853.  He  has  since  edited  a  number  of  in- 
fluential journals  and  is  now  the  efficient 
State  librarian  at  Trenton. 

Thomas  W.  Mulford,  with  three 
brothers,  came  from  Salem  County  and  set- 
tled in  Camden  County  in  the  year  1852. 
Thomas  W.  Mujford,  being  a  leading  and  in- 
fluential member  of  the  Democratic  party, 
was  soon  appointed  by  the  Governor  as  pros- 
ecutor of  the  pleas  of  Camden  County,  a 
position  he  filled  with  great  credit  to  himself 
and  to  the  county  for  many  years.  Mr. 
Mulford  was  a'  fluent,  eloquent  and  able 
speaker,  and  his  voice  was  always  welcomed 
by  his  party  adherents,  who  nominated  him 
for  Congress  in  the  First  District,  now  repre- 
sented by  George  Hires.  He  was  also  twice 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  New  Jersey, 


220 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


where  his  wise  and  discriminating  statesman- 
ship made  liim  a  valuable  member,  much  re- 
spected by  both  parties.  Mr.  Mulford's 
health  failed  him  and  he  died  in  Salem 
County  on  his  farm,  leaving  a  family  and  a 
large  circle  of  friends.  He  was  a  relative  by 
marriage  of  the  late  United  States  Senator 
Hon.  A.  G.  Cattell,  of  Merchantville,  N.  J. ; 
Philip  H.  Mulford,  one  of  the  brothers  of 
the  prosecutor  of  the  pleas,  was  deputy  prose- 
cutor of  the  pleas  for  Camden  County  ;  then 
associated  with  General  Wright,  of  Hoboken, 
N.  J.,  in  the  practice  of  the  law,  and  in  1860 
went  to  California,  where  he  died. 

James  B.  Dayton  was  born  January  27, 
1822,  at  Basking  Ridge,  Somerset  County, 
N.  J.  He  was  a  son  of  Joel  Dayton  and 
lineal  descendant  of  Ralph  Dayton,  who  em- 
igrated from  Yorkshire,  England,  in  1639 
and  settled  at  Boston,  one  of  whose  descend- 
ants, Jonathan  Dayton,  located  at  Elizabeth- 
town  about  1725,  and  was  the  progenitor  of 
the  Dayton  family  in  New  Jersey.  His  son, 
Elias  Dayton,  was  a  brigadier-general  in  the 
patriot  array  of  the  Revolution,  command- 
ing the  New  Jersey  Brigade,  and  member  of 
Congress  in  1778  and  1779.  His  son  Jona- 
than was  a  member  of  the  convention  which 
framed  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States, 
speaker  of  the  Fourth  and  Fifth  Congresses, 
and  United  States  Senator  from  1799  to  1805. 

William  L.  Dayton,  a  brother  of  James  B. 
Dayton,  after  filling  with  honor  the  most  im- 
portant positions  in  New  Jersey,  was  a  Sena- 
tor of  the  United  States  from  1842  to  1851, 
Republican  candidate  for  Vice-President  in 
1856,  and  minister  to  France  from  1861  un- 
til his  death,  shortly  before  the  close  of  the 
War  of  the  Rebellion. 

James  B.  Dayton  graduated  from  Prince- 
ton College  in  1841,  studied  law  with  his 
brother,  William  L.  Dayton,  became  an  at- 
torney in  1844,  and  counselor-at-law  in  1847. 
He  settled  at  Camden  and  very  soon  became 
one  of  the  leading  advocates  of  the  New 
Jersey  bar.     His  practice  was  large,  his  con- 


quests brilliant,  and  he  was  acknowledged  to 
be  one  of  the  most  eloquent  lawyers  in  South- 
ern New  Jersey.  He  became  the  legal  ad- 
viser of  the  Board  of  Freeholders,  city  so- 
licitor, city  treasurer  and  one  of  the  first 
board  of  Riparian  Commissions.  He  was  a 
man  of  vigorous  mind  but  delicate  physique, 
which  caused  him  in  later  life  to  forego  the 
triumphs  of  the  court  and  devote  his  entire 
energies  to  the  less  exciting  duties  of  an  ofiice 
practice,  and  ultimately  to  retire  wholly  from 
the  law  and  also  to  renounce  all  aspirations 
for  political  life. 

He  was  married,  in  1848,  to  Louisa,  daugh- 
ter of  William  M.  Clarke,  of  Philadelphia; 
her  death  occurred  in  1856,  leaving  two  chil- 
dren surviving — William  C,  a  member  of 
the  Camden  bar,  and  Louisa,  now  wife  of 
Peter  V.  A^oorhees,  a  lawyer  in  Camden. 
In  1859  he  married  Sadie,  daughter  of  Judge 
Alexander  Thomson,  of  Franklin  County, 
a  celebrated  jurist  of  Pennsylvania. 

Being  compelled  to  give  up  the  practice 
of  his  profession,  he  turned  his  attention  to 
corporate  interests.  He  was  president  of  the 
West  Jersey  Feriy  Company  for  over  six- 
teen years,  giving  prosperity  to  the  company 
and  satisfaction  to  its  j)atrons ;  president  of 
the  Camden  Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Com- 
pany, which,  under  his  management,  became 
one  of  the  most  successful  banking  institu- 
tions of  the  State  ;  chairman  of  the  execu- 
tive committee  of  the  board  of  directors  of 
the  Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad  Com- 
pany, which  he  materially  aided  in  raising 
from  insolvency  to  affluence.  He  was  also, 
from  its  inception,  chairman  of  the  board  of 
directors  of  the  Sea  View  Hotel  Company, 
a  very  successful  corporation.  He  was  a  man 
of  sound  judgment,  kindly  impulses  and 
gentle  disposition,  and  his  death  from  pro- 
gressive paralysis,  March  9, 1886,  caused  uni- 
versal sorrow. 

Thomas  H.  Dudley  was  born  in  Eves- 
ham township,  Burlington  County,  New 
Jersey,  October  9,  1819,  being  the  descend- 


THE  BENCH  AND  BAR. 


221 


ant  of  an  English  family   resident  in   this 
country  since  the  latter  part  of  the  seven- 
teenth century.     His  early  education  was  ob- 
tained in  the  schools  near  the  vicinity  of  his 
birth,  and  he  grew  to  manhood  on  his  father's 
farm.     Determining  upon  law  as  a  profes- 
sion, he  entered  the  office  of  the  late  William 
N.  Jeffers,  in  Camden,  and  in  1845  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  New  Jersey  bar.     From  the 
outset  of  his  legal  life  he  held  a  conspicuous 
place  in  his  profession,  his  sound  training  in 
the  principles  and  the  practice  of  law  uniting 
to  make  him  successful.     Until  the  dissolu- 
tion of  the  Whig  party   he   was   one   of  its 
stanchest  members.     Since  that  event  he  has 
been  a  no  less  earnest  Republican.     Elected 
in  1860  a  delegate  at  large  to  the  Chicago 
Convention,  he  occupied  a  prominent  position 
in  it  and  was  greatly  instrumental  through 
his  energy   and  tact,  in   the    committee   on 
doubtful  States,  in   securing  the    nomination 
of  Abraham  Lincoln  for  President.     In  1861 
Mr.  Dudley  went  to  Europe,  and  returned 
in  the  fall  of  the  same  year,  and  soon  there- 
after was  appointed  by  Mr.  Lincoln  as  con- 
sul to  Liverpool.     The  position  of  our  con- 
sul at  this  port  then  was  one  of  great  conse- 
quence and  of  the  greatest  delicacy,  for  from 
this  centre  radiated  the  substantial  aid  ten- 
dered to  the  Confederates  by  their  British 
supporters.     In    his    effi3rts   to   enforce    the 
maintenance  of  the  neutrality  professed  by 
the  government  to  which  he  was  accredited, 
the  utmost  diplomacy  was  necessary  to  avoid 
bringing  to  open  war  the  expressed  hostility 
between  the  two  countries.     Everywhere  his 
endeavor  to  check  the  flow  of  supplies  to  the 
Confederacy  met  with  a  determined  resist- 
ance.    With  a  force  of  one  hundred  men  he 
policed  the  ship-yards  of  England  and  Scot- 
land, he  himself  incognito,  constantly  visit- 
ing every   shipping   centre   and   registering 
every  keel  laid  down  upon  the  books  of  the 
Liverpool  consulate.      Nor  was  his  zeal  un- 
attended with  danger.     Again  and  again  he 
received  anonymous  letters  warning  him  that 


unless  he  ceased  his  opposition  to  the  exten- 
sion of  assistance  to  the  Confederate  govern- 
ment, that  his  life  would  be  taken,  and  if 
found  in  certain  designated  spots  he  would 
be  shot  on  sight.  But  these  threats  had  small 
effects  upon  his  stern  nature.  He  had  been 
charged  with  a  high  duty  and  that  duty  he 
fulfilled  with  a  calm  determination.  He  re- 
mained at  his  post  until  November,  1868, 
when  he,  returned  to  the  United  States  for  a 
brief  visit.  He  resumed  his  duties  in  Liver- 
pool, and  three  years  later  he  again  returned 
to  America,  and,  wearied  by  his  decade  of  ar- 
duous official  life,  tendered  his  resignation  of 
his  consulate.  The  government,  however, 
requested  his  services  in  the  case  of  the 
United  States  to  be  laid  before  the  Joint 
High  Commission  at  Geneva,  and  he  assisted 
in  the  compilation  of  the  case  to  go  before 
the  Geneva  tribunal,  supplying  the  material 
upon  which  the  judgment  in  favor  of  the 
United  States  was  rendered.  In  1872  he  again 
returned  to  the  United  States  and  tendered 
his  resignation,  to  take  effect  upon  the  ap- 
pointment of  his  successor. 

Since  his  return  to  America  Mr.  Dudley 
has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  Camden,  New  Jersey,  residing  up- 
on his  beautiful  country-seat,  three  miles 
from  the  city.  He  has  been  president  of 
the  Pittsburgh,Titusville  and  Buffalo  Railroad 
Company,  and  of  the  New  Jersey  Mining 
Company,  besides  being  a  member  of  the 
boards  of  direction  of  the  Camden  and  Atlan- 
tic Railroad  Company,  West  Jersey  Railroad 
Company,  Camden  and  Philadelphia  Ferry 
Company  and  People's  Gas  Light  Company, 
of  Jersey  City. 

Isaac  Mickle  was  one  of  the  most  re- 
markable men  in  the  early  history  of  Camden 
County.  His  grandfather  was  Isaac  Mickle, 
farmer,  who  married  Sarah  Wilkins,  and 
from  that  marriage  four  children  were  born, 
—John  W.  Mickle,  Rachel  Mickle  (who 
married  Isaac  S.  Mulford,  M.D.,)  and  Mary 
Mickle,  who  married  Samuel  Haines,  of  Bur- 


222 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


lington  County,  a  well-known  sheriff  of  that 
bailiwick,  and  Isaac  Mickle,  who  married 
Rebecca  Morgan,  from  which  alliance  sprang 
Isaac  Mickle  who,  as  soon,  and  even  before 
he  reached  man's  estate,  became  a  central  and 
controlling  figure  in  the  affairs  of  his  native 
County.  He  began  the  study  of  law  with 
Colonel  Page.  Isaac  Mickle,  who  was  the 
only  child  of  his  parents,  was  also,  presuma- 
bly, the  heir  of  his  uncle,  John  W.  Mickle, 
who  had  acquired  by  descent  and  purchase, 
nearly  all  the  land  on  either  side  of  the 
turnpike,  between  Camden  and  Gloucester 
City.  Isaac  Mickle  was  a  boon  companion 
of  T.  Buchanan  Read,  the  artist  and  poet, 
and  author  of  "  Sheridan's  Ride." 

While  studying  with  Colonel  Page,  and 
mastering  the  mysteries  of  his  chosen  profes- 
sion, he  became  acquainted  with  Clara  Tyn- 
dale,  the  sister  of  General  Hector  Tyndale, 
who  was  once  elected  mayor  of  Philadelphia. 
Mrs.  Tyndale,  the  mother  of  Clara,  was, 
herself,  a  woman  of  talent,  and  with  Haw- 
thorn, George  William  Curtis  and  other 
lights  of  science  and  literature,  became  a 
member  of  the  famous  community  at  "  Brook 
Farm." 

Isaac  Mickle  married  Miss  Tyndale  and 
two  children  resulted  from  this  union,  one  of 
whom  is  now  living.  The  subject  of  our 
sketch  early  displayed  a  very  decided  pen- 
chant for  literature,  and  became  the  author 
of  a  volume  called  "  Recollections  of  Old 
Gloucester,"  which,  besides  being  admirably 
written,  contains  a  fund  of  information  about 
the  early  history  of  Camden  County  and 
West  Jersey  nowhere  else  to  be  found.  He 
became  a  well-known  political  writer,  and 
for  some  years  conducted  the  Camden  Demo- 
crat. He  died  when  under  thirty  years  of 
age. 

Daniel  E.  Hough  was  cotemporary  with 
Hugg  and  Kinsey,  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  July,  1849,  and  was  for  a  time  in  the  of- 
fice of  Thomas  H.  Dudley.  He  was  a  promi- 
nent lawyer,  but  his  services  were  lost  at  this 


bar,  for,  some  years  prior  to  the  war,  he  went 
West,  and,  subsequently  enlisting  in  an  Illi- 
nois regiment,  was  killed  in  battle. 

Alfred  Hugg  was  born  in  Camden, 
N.  J.,  August  26j  1826,  and  educated  in  the 
city  of  Philadelphia.  He  studied  law  with 
William  N.  Jeffers,  of  Camden,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice  as  an  attorney  in  October, 
1849,  and  as  a  counselor  three  years  after. 
He  settled  in  Camden  and  has  since  been 
engaged  in  active  practice.  Mr.  Hugg  has 
been  city  solicitor  of  Camden,  as  also  city 
clerk  and  city  treasurer.  He  was  formerly 
prosecutor  of  the  pleas  for  Atlantic  County. 

Charles  W.  Kinsey  was  in  the  same 
class  as  Alfred  Hugg,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  Camden  bar  in  October,  1849.  He  prac- 
ticed considerably  in  the  courts  of  the 
county,  but  was  a  resident  of  Burlington  and 
died  there. 

Captain  Isaac  W.  Mickle,  who  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  January,  1850,  died 
suddenly  at  Camp  Ely,  Virginia,  on  Satur- 
day, March  22,  1862.  During  the  Mexican 
War  he  served  as  captain  of  Company  A  of 
the  New  Jersey  Battalion.  He  enlisted  in  the 
same  capacity  in  Company  F  of  the  Fourth 
New  Jersey  Regiment  during  the  three  months 
service,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  iu 
command  of  Company  A  of  the  Tenth  New 
Jersey  Regiment.  During  the  administra- 
tion of  James  Buchanan  he  was  collector  of 
the  port  of  Camden.  He  was  at  the  same  time 
one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  Camden  Demo- 
crat, and  took  sides  against  the  administra- 
tion of  Buchanan  on  the  Kansas-Nebraska 
Bill.  He  was  a  nephew  of  John  W.  Mickle, 
many  years  a  leading  director  of  the  Camden 
and  Amboy  Railroad  Company.  He  left  a 
widowed  mother  and  child.  Captain  Mickle 
was  active  in  political  and  military  affairs, 
genial  in  disposition  and  liberal  in  his  views. 

Peter  L.  Voorhees  was  born  at  Blaw- 
enburgh,  Somerset  County,  N.  J.,  July  12, 
1825,  and  is  a  member  of  a  family  who  trace 
their  line  of  descent  from   Coert  Albert  van 


.  \/   .- 


THE  BENCH  AND  BAR. 


223 


voor  Hees,  who  lived  prior  to  1600,  in  front 
of  the  village  of  Hees,  near  Ruinen,  Drenthe, 
Holland.  The  derivation  of  the  name  may 
be  understood  when  it  is  stated  that  the  pre- 
fix "  voor"  is  the  Dutch  equivalent  of  "be- 
fore," or  "  in  front  of"  Steven  Coerte,  son 
of  Coert  Albert,  emigrated  from  Holland  in 
April,  1660,  and  settled  at  Flatlands,  Long 
Island,  on  an  estate  the  extent  of  which  is 
indicated  by  the  fact  that  he  paid  for  it  the 
large  sum  of  three  thousand  guilders,  in  itself 
a  fortune  in  those  days.  The  great-grandson 
of  Steven  Coerte  was  Peter  Gerritse  Van 
Voorhees,  who  left  Long  Island  in  1720  to 
escape  from  the  payment  of  tithes  to  the  Eng- 
lish Church,  which  was  enforced  by  the  colo- 
nial government,  and  established  a  new  home 
on  land  which  he  bought  at  Blawenburgh. 
One  of  his  descendants  was  Peter  Van  Voor- 
hees, who  gave  his  land  to  his  grandson  Peter, 
and  ordered  his  slaves  to  be  emancipated. 
This  Peter,  whose  father,  Martin,  dropped 
the  prefix  "  Van  "  from  the  family  name. 
He  was  born  May  27,  1787,  and  married, 
March  2,  1809,  Jane,  daughter  of  Captain 
John  Schenck,  who,  in  December,  1778,  with 
a  few  of  his  neighbors  and  a  very  scanty 
supply  of  ammunition,  ambuscaded  the 
British  advance  guard  at  Ringoes,  and  drove 
it  back  upon  the  main  column. 

Peter  L.  Voorhees  was  the  second  son. 
The  years  preceding  his  majority  he  spent 
upon  the  homestead,  and  in  the  acquirement 
of  a  common-school  education,  and  in  his 
twenty-first  year  he  selected  the  law  for  his 
profession.  First  entering  the  office  of  Rich- 
ard S.  Field,  at  Princeton,  as  a  student,  he 
also  studied  at  the  Law  School  formerly  con- 
nected with  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  from 
which  he  received  the  degrees  of  LL.B.  and 
A.M.  In  November,  1851,  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  in  the  next  year  he  removed 
to  Camden,  with  many  of  whose  most  im- 
portant interests  he  has  since  been  identified. 

The  main  characteristic  of  his  professional 
eminence  is  his  thorough  knowledge  of  the 


law.  Profoundly  versed  in  its  principles  and 
practice,  his  mind  is  a  store-house  of  informa- 
tion upon  its  most  complicated  and  abstruse 
questions.  The  diligence  with  which  he 
masters  every  point  in  a  litigated  case  is  as- 
sisted to  success  by  a  w.onderfully  retentive 
memory  and  a  remarkable  power  of  applica- 
tion. He  is  an  authority  upon  the  difficult 
and  doubtful  intricacies  of  land  titles,  and 
some  of  his  most  creditable  victories  before 
the  courts  have  been  won  in  such  cases.  He 
is  also  considered  an  indisputable  authority 
upon  the  finely  discriminating  questions  of 
practice.  He  was  opposed  to  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Company  in  the  memorable  suit  of 
Black  vs.  the  Delaware  and  Raritan  Canal 
Company,  in  which  was  involved  the  control 
of  the  New  Jersey  railways  now  operated  by 
the  former  corporation,  and  was  so  successful 
in  court  that  it  Avas  compelled  to  procure 
special  legislation  to  effijct  its  purpose.  Since 
that  time  he  has  become  counsel  for  the 
Pennsylvania  interest,  embracing  the  Cam- 
den and  Amboy,  the  West  Jersey  and  the 
Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroads.  The  Mickle 
will  case  was  another  celebrated  litigation 
which  he  carried  for  his  clients  to  a  successful 


issue. 


Mr.  Voorhees  is  president  of  the  Camden 
Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Company,  director 
of  the  West  Jersey  Ferry  Company  and  di- 
rector of  the  Camden  Hospital.  In  politics 
he  is  a  conservative  Republican,  but  has  al- 
ways refused  to  become  a  candidate  for  any 
office,  except  that  for  one  year  he  filled  the 
position  of  city  solicitor  of  Camden,  being 
elected  by  the  Republicans  and  Democrats, 
as  opposed  to  the  "  Native  Americans." 

In  the  matter  of  religious  education  and 
experience,  our  subject,  it  may  not  be  im- 
pi'oper  to  add,  has  not  been  lacking.  He  was 
brought  up  in  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church, 
but  since  1853  has  affiliated  with  the  Presby- 
terians, and  has  been  remarkably  active  in 
the  First  Church  of  Camden,  for  many  years 
taking   particular  interest   in    the    Sunday- 


224 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


school,  in  which  he  has  been  an  untiring,  in- 
teresting and  useful  teacher. 

On  October  16,  1855,  Mr.  Voorhees  mar- 
ried Anna  Finley,  sister  of  Hon.  "William  M. 
Dayton,  United  States  Senator,  minister  to 
France,  and  nominjee  for  Vice-President  on 
the  National  Republican  ticket  in  1856.  She 
died  in  1880,  leaving  one  child.  Miss  Jennie 
Dayton  Voorhees. 

George  M.  Robeson  was  born  at  Ox- 
ford Furnace,  Warren  County,  New  Jersey, 
in  1827.  He  was  graduated  from  the  College 
of  New  Jersey,  at  Princeton,  in  1847,  and 
soon  after  became  a  student-at-law  in  the 
office  of  Chief-Justice  Hornblower,  in  New- 
ark, New  Jersey.  Having  been  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1850,  he  practiced  his  profession 
in  that  city  until  he  removed  to  Camden 
where,  in  1859,  he  was  appointed  Prosecutor 
of  the  Pleas  by  Governor  Newell.  At  the 
opening  of  the  Civil  War  in  1861,  Governor 
Olden  appointed  him  brigadier-general,  and 
he  took  an  active  part  in  the  raising  of  troops 
and  the  organization  of  them.  In  1867, 
Governor  Marcus  L.  Ward  tendered  him  the 
nomination  of  Attorney-General  of  the  State 
of  New  Jersey,  and  the  Senate  confirming 
the  nomination,  he  entered  upon  and  dis- 
charged the  duties  of  the  office  until  1869, 
when  he  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the 
Navy,  under  President  Grant,  a  position 
which  he  held  until  1877.  He  is  at  present 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
the  city  of  Washington. 

Rk'hard  S.  Jenkins  was  born  at  Wheat- 
land, Pa.,  and  received  his  academic  educa- 
tion at  Burlington,  N.  J.  He  began  the 
study  of  law  with  Honorable  Richard  S. 
Field,  and  continued  under  Honorable  Thos. 
P.  Carpenter,  of  Camden.  He  was  admitted 
in  1860,  began  practice  in  Camden,  was  ap- 
pointed in  1864  prosecutor  of  the  pleas  for 
the  county  and  held  the  office  for  twenty 
years. 

Lindley  H.  Miixee,  was  a  native  of 
Morristown,  and  the   son  of  United   States 


Senator  Jacob  W.  Miller.  He  read  law  with 
Thomas  H.  Dudley,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  November,  1855.  When" the  War  for 
the  Union  opened  he  enlisted  in  the  service 
and  gave  his  life  for  the  preservation  of  the 
Union. 

Marmaduke  B.  Taylor,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,^  August  17,  1835,  but  his  life 
from  the  age  of  about  four  years  has  been 
principally  spent  in  Camden.  He  was  the 
second  son  of  the  late  Dr.  OthnielH.  Tayl6r, 
and  brother  of  Dr.  H.  G.  Taylor.  His  early 
education  was  received  in  the  schools  of  thetwo 
cities  named,  and  he  aftei-wards  attended  Rut- 
gers College,  but  owing  to  ill  health  was  com- 
pelled to  abandon  a  collegiate  course,  though 
the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  was  subse- 
quently conferred  upon  him  by  Rutgers.  He 
commenced  the  study  of  law  in  1851  with 
the  late  Colonel  William  N.  Jeffers,  of 
Camden.  He  attended  a  full  course  of 
instruction  in  law  at  the  State  and  National 
Law  School  of  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  and 
graduated  in  1855,  and  had  the  degree  of 
LL.B.  conferred  upon  him  by  that  institu- 
tion. He  was  enrolled  in  the  office  of  James 
B.  Dayton,  Esq.,  of  Camden,  about  the 
same  time.  He  also  attended  a  course  of 
law  lectures  at  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  New 
Jersey  at  the  November  Term,  1856,  and  has 
continued  in  practice  from  that  time  to  the 
present  in  Camden.  He  has  been  conspic- 
uous with  the  various  Masonic  organizations, 
and  has  taken  a  great  interest  in  everything 
pertaining  to  the  order.  In  1871  he  was 
united  in  marriage  with  a  daughter  of  Dr. 
Joseph  Grain,  of  Cumberland  County,  Pa. 

James  M.  Scovel  was  born  in  Haurison, 
Ohio,  January  16,  1833,  his  father  being  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Sylvester  F.  Scovel  and  his  mother 
Hannah  Matlack,  of  Woodbury,  N.  J.,  a 
daughter  of  James  Matlack,  a  former  mem- 
ber of  Congress  from  the  First  District. 
James  M.  Scovel  having  lost  his  father  when 
only  thirteen    years    of  age,  proceeded    with 


THE  BENCH  AND  BAR. 


225 


his  college  course  at  Hanover  College,  In- 
.diaua,  of  which  institution  Rev.  Dr.  Scovel 
was  president ;  graduating  at  the  early  age  of 
seventeen,  he  taught  school  near  Memphis, 
Tenn.,  for  two  years,  after  which  he  removed 
to  Camden,  N.  J.,  and  became  a  student-at- 
law  in  the  office  of  Abraham  Browning,  and 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  1856,  Mr.  Scovel 
has  devoted  much  of  his  leisure  hours  to 
literature  and  has  written  many  magazine 
articles  and  contributed  much  and  many 
well-written  sketches  to  the  leading  news- 
papers. He  has  tried  many  of  the  most  im* 
portant  homicide  cases  of  West  Jersey,  and 
is  a  forcible,  fluent  and  at  times  remarkably 
eloquent  speaker. 

Mr.  Scovel  was  early  thrown  into  politics 
by  the  storm  and  stress  period  of  the  Civil 
War,  and  having  attracted  Abraham  Lin- 
coln's attention  by  a  series  of  speeches  in  the 
Assembly  of  New  Jersey,  entitled  "New 
Jersey  for  the  War,"  was  appointed  commis- 
sioner of  the  draft  for  the  First  Congres- 
sional District.  During  the  second  Confed- 
erate invasion  of  Pennsylvania,  Mr.  Scovel, 
who  afterwards  was  commissioned  as  a  colo- 
nel, raised  a  company  in  one  day  and  took 
his  command  to  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  where  they 
were  well  received  by  Governor  Curtin,  and 
did  good  service  for  the  cause  in  which  they 
were  enlisted,  and  after  thirty  days  service 
his  command  was  mustered  out.  The  subse- 
quent year  Colonel  Scovel  was  elected  to 
represent  Camden  County  in  the  State 
Senate,  being  the  first  Republican  elected  in 
Camden  County  to  that  place.  Afl«r  the 
war  ended  he  devoted  himself  to  the  duties 
of  his  profession,  the  law,  with  occasional 
ventures  in  the  field  of  literature.  When 
Horace  Greeley  ran  for  President  he  was 
chairman  of  the  State  Committee.  President 
Arthur  appointed  him  a  special  agent  of  the 
Treasury,  which  position  he  held  till  the  close 
of  Arthur's  administration. 

In  1856  Mr.  Scovel  married  Mary  Mul- 
ford,  a  daughter  of  Isaac  S.  Mulford,  M.D., 
29 


of  Camden.     Mrs.  Scovel  is  also  a  niece  of 
John  W.  Mickle. 

Alden  Coktlakd  Scovel  was  a  native  of 
Princeton,  N.  J.,  where  he  was  born  June 
1 3,  1 830.  He  was  educated  at  the  Borden- 
town  High  School,  read  law,  after  an  inter- 
val spent  in  teaching,  with  Mahlon  Hutchin- 
son, of  Bordentown,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  as  an  attorney  in  November,  1856,  and 
as  a  counselor  in  November,  1865.  He 
formed  a  copartnership  in  Camden  with 
James  S.  Scovel,  and  subsequently  with 
George  M.  Robeson,  then  the  prosecutor  of 
the  pleas,  and  acted  as  assistant  prosecutor. 
He  was,  in  1857,  made  clerk  of  the  Board  of 
Chosen  Freeholders,  and  in  1868  city  solicitor, 
being  re-elected  in  1870.  Mr.  Scovel  served 
three  years  in  the  City  Council,  and  was,  in 
1875,  elected  member  of  the  Assembly.  His 
death  occurred  June  13,  1881. 

Gilbert  Hannah  was  the  son  of  James 
Hannah,  a  prominent  citizen  of  Salem 
County,  N.  J.,  where  Gilbert  Hannah  was 
born  in  the  year  1833.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1852,  after  studying  law  in  the 
city  of  Newark,  Ni  J.,  with  Hon.  A.  Q. 
Keasby,  late  United  States  district  attorney 
for  New  Jersey.  Mr.  Hannah  had  many 
social  graces  of  character  and  possessed  high 
literary  ability.  He  was  appointed,  at  the 
solicitation  of  Colonel  James  M.  Scovel,  by 
President  Lincoln,  as  consul  to  Demarara, 
where  he  died  of  yellow  fever  during  the 
war,  after  serving  with  great  fidelity  and  ac- 
ceptability to  the  State  Department  and 
thoroughly   mastering  his   consular   duties. 

Philip  S.  Scovel  was  born  March  7, 
1833,  in  Stockport,  Columbia  County,  N.  Y.^ 
and  educated  at  the  Bordentown  High 
School,  of  which  his  brother,  Rev.  Alden 
Scovel,  was  then  principal.  In  1853  he 
entered  the  law-office  of  Garrett  Cannon,  of 
Burlington  County,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  February,  1857,  practicing  in  Bur- 
lington, having  among  his  clients  Commo- 
dore Charles  Stewart  and  Mrs.  Delia  Parnell. 


226 


HISTORY  01  CATVIDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Renloving  to  Camden  in  1874,  he  formed  a 
law  partnership  with  his  brother,  Alden  C. 
Scovel . 

Samuel  H.  Geey  is  the  son  of  the  late 
Philip  J.  Grey  and  Sarah  W.  Grey,  his 
wife,  and  was  born  in  the  city  of  Camden  April 
6,  1836.  His  early  education  was  received 
in  the  schools  of  his  native  town.  His  choice 
tended  strongly  to  the  profession  of  the  law, 
and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  years  he  was 
entered  as  a  student  in  the  office  of  Abraham. 
Browning,  who,  still  living  at  an  advanced 
age,  was  at  that  time  easily  the  leading  law- 
yer and  advocate  in  the  southern  section  of 
New  Jersey.  After  the  usual  course  of  study 
Mr.  Grey  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the 
Supreme  Court  as  an  attorney-at-law  at  the 
November  Term,  1857,  and  as  a  counselor-at- 
Taw  at  the  February  Term,  1861.  His  suc- 
cess in  his  profession  was  immediate  and  sat- 
isfactory. Such  was  his  prominence  that  in 
April,  1866,  he  was  appointed  prosecutor  of 
the  pleas  for  the  county  of  Cape  May,  and 
performed  the  duties  of  that  office  until 
April,  1873,  serving,  by  successive  appoint- 
ments of  the  court,  two  years  under  the  ad- 
ministration of  Governor  Joel  Parker,  after 
the  expiration  of  the  regular  term  of  the 
office. 

As  a  leading  lawyer,  Mr.  Grey,  in  1873, 
was  appointed  by  Governor  Parker  one  of  a 
commission  of  fourteen,  selected  pursuant  to 
a  joint  resolution  of  the  Legislature,  to  sug- 
gest and  frame  amendments  to  the  Constitu- 
tion of  the  State,  and  was  actively  engaged 
in  all  the  transactions  of  the  commission. 
The  amendments  thus  framed  were  after- 
wards, in  due  form  of  law,  incorporated  with, 
and  now  form  a  part  of,  the  Constitution  of 
New  Jersey. 

In  the  quarter  of  a  century  which  has 
elapsed  since  his  admission  to  the  bar  Mr. 
Grey  has  never  permitted  himself  to  be 
diverted  from  his  chosen  profession,  but  has 
devoted  to  its  study  and  pursuit  his  entire 
time,  and  the  energy  and  ability  with  which 


he  is  endowed.  The.se  viginti  annorum  lucu- 
brationes  (to  use  the  vigorous  words  of  Lord 
Bacon),  these  years  of  study,  have  brought 
with  them  their  appropriate  reward.  The 
practice  of  Mr.  Grey  is  large,  lucrative 
and  embraces  a  wide  class  of  important, 
causes,  beginning  with  the  case  of  McKnight 
vs.  Hay,  tried  in  1866,  at  the  Atlantic  Cir- 
cuit, in  which  Messrs.  Peter  L.  Voorhees  and 
George  M.  Robeson  appeared  for  the  plaintiff,, 
and  Messrs.  Joseph  P.  Bradley  (now  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States),  Abra- 
ham Browning  and  Mr.  Grey  appeared  for 
the  defendant,  and  of  which  Judge  Elmer 
speaks  in  his  reminiscences  as  the  most 
romantic  case  he  had  ever  known.  Mr.  Grey 
has  been  engaged  in  very  many  of  the  lead- 
ing causes  arising  in  the  southern  counties 
of  the  State.  In  April,  1886,  Mr.  Grey  was 
selected  by  the  managers  appointed  to  conduct 
the  impeachment  of  Patrick  H.  Laverty, 
keeper  of  the  State  Prison,  as  the  leading 
counsel  for  the  prosecution,  and  as  such  con- 
ducted the  trial  of  a  month,  before  the  State 
Senate,  to  a  successful  conclusion,  evincing 
skill,  ability  and  eloquence  of  a  high  order. 

The  success  of  Mr.  Grey  has  resulted,  not 
from  study  and  experience  alone,  but  largely 
from  his  natural  mental  powers.  His 
capacity  for  quick,  intense  and  accurate 
thought  is  unusual  and  striking.  His  judg- 
ment reaches  a  conclusion,  not  by  careful 
and  laborious  plodding,  nor  yet  by  intuition, 
but  rather,  per  saltum,  by  a  leap  over  a  long 
pathway  of  thought.  This  faculty  enables 
him  very  quickly  to  perceive  and  grasp  the 
controlling  points  of  a  group  of  complicated 
facts,  and  to  determine  at  once  those  upon 
which  his  cause  turns.  His  vocabulary  is 
fluent,  generally  accurate,  often  graceful  and 
happy,  sometimes  eloquent.  He  has  a  keen 
sense  of  humor,  and  nature  has  given  him  a 
powerful  and  musical  voice,  a  pleasing  pres- 
ence and  a  mental  and  physical  constitution 
sufficiently  robust  to  endure  the  shocks  and 
fatigues  of  jury  trials.     These  are  all  quali- 


THE  BENCH  AND  BAK. 


227 


ties  which  are  necessary  to  the  equipment  of 
a  leading  and  accomplished  advocate,  and 
such  Mr.  Grey  is  beyond  question.  As  was 
remarked  of  General  Sheridan  during  the 
war,  no  situation  was  thrust  upon  him  which 
he  has  not  developed  capacity  to  meet.  Mr. 
Grey  practices  in  all  of  the  courts  of  this 
State  and  is  constantly  retained  in  important 
causes  before  the  several  superior  courts  sit- 
ting at  Trenton,  where  his  i?eputation  is 
deservedly  high. 

In  politics  Mr.  Grey  has  been  an  earnest 
and  consistent  Republican,  practically  from 
the  organization  of  that  party.  From  1868 
to  1871  he  was  an  active  member  of  the  Re- 
publican State  Executive  Committee  of  New 
Jersey.  In  1 872  he  was  chosen  as  an  elector 
upon  the  Grant  ticket,  and  as  such  voted  for 
General  Grant  in  the  only  Republican  Elec- 
toral College  convened  in  this  State.  In  the 
same  year  he  declined  to  accept  the  Republi- 
can nomination  for  State  Senator  from  the 
county  of  Camden.  In  1874,  though 
strongly  importuned,  he  declined  to  permit 
his  name  to  be  presented  for  the  nomination 
as  a  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States.  In 
1880  he  received  a  large  vote  in  the  Repub- 
lican State  Convention  as  a  delegate-at-large 
to  the  National  Convention  which  met  in 
that  year  at  Chicago.  At  the  request  of 
many  Republicans  during  the  present  year, 
he  has  permitted  himself  to  be  named  for 
the  office  of  Senator  of  the  United  States. 

Mr.  Grey  was  married  September  25, 1862, 
in  Christ  Church,  Philadelphia,  to  Julia 
Hubley,  only  daughter  of  Charles  C.  Potts, 
Esq.,  of  Philadelphia:  He  has  four  daugh- 
ters,— Julia  Ridgway,  Mary  Joy,  Ethel  and 
Alice  Croasdale  Grey.  An  only  son,  Charles 
Philip  Grey,  died  in  1868-  an  infant. 

Caleb  D.  Shreve  was  born  May  9, 
1833,  and  educated  at  Princeton  College, 
from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1851.  He 
began  the  study  of  law  with  Honorable  J. 
L.  N.  Stratton,  of  Mt.  Holly,  and  was  ad- 


mitted as  an  attorney  at  the  November  Terni, 
1861,  and  afterwards  an  a  counselor. 

Benjamin  D.  Shreve,  born  August, 
1835,  atMedford,  Burlington  County,  N.  J., 
was  graduated  from  Princeton  College  in 
1856.  He  studied  law  with  Peter  L.  Voor- 
hees,  of  Camden,  was  admitted  in  1862  as 
an  attorney  and  as  counselor  in  1865.  He 
has  since  practiced  in  Camden. 

George  W.  Gilbert  was  born  September 
21,  1834,  in  Philadelphia,  and  educated  at 
the  public  schools  of  Camden,  to  which  city 
he  removed  in  1843.  He  began  the  study 
of  law  with  Honorable  Thomas  H.  Dudley, 
of  Camden,  and  concluded  with  Honorable 
George  S.  Woodhull.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  February,  1863.  Mr.  Gilbert  was 
-made  deputy  county  clerk  in  1865,  and  held 
the  office  for  ten  years,  after  which  he  was 
elected  register  of  deeds  for  the  term  ex- 
tending from  1875  to  1880.  He  has  since 
practiced  his  profession  in  Camden. 

Samuel  C.  Cooper  was  born  in  Camden 
in  1840,  and  is  the  son  of  Joseph  W.  Cooper. 
He  received  his  primary  education  at  the 
Grover  School,  in  Camden,  and  entered  Hav- 
erford  College  in  1855.  In  1859,  he  entered 
the  law  office  of  Richard  W.  Howell,  remained 
with  him  until  his  death,  and  then  entered 
the  office  of  the  Honrable  Thomas  H.  Dud- 
ley, and  when  Mr.  Dudley  was  appointed 
consul  to  Liverpool  he  entered  the  office  of 
Judge  Woodhull.  He  was  admitted  at  the 
February  term  of  court,  1863. 

J.  Eugene  Troth  was  born  in  Newcastle 
County,  Delaware,  January  14,  1845;  re- 
ceived his  education  at  the  select  and  public 
schools  and  at  the  Delaware  College,  situated 
at  Newark,  Delaware.  He  began  the  study 
of  law  with  James  B.  Dayton,  of  Camden ; 
was  admitted  as  an  attorney  in  1866,  and 
three  years  after  as  counselor.  He  was  for 
seven  years  solicitor  of  the  county  of  Camden 
and  clerk  of  the  Board  of  Chosen  Free- 
holders. 

Martin    Voorhees    Bergen  and   his 


228 


HISTORY  OF  OAiMDEN  COUNTY,  NI<]\V  JEltSHV. 


brother  Christopher  A.(ot'wli()ni  a  sUctt^h 
follows)  are  (losceiulantsoi'aii  old  and  promi- 
nent iiuiiily,  after  whom  Bergen  Oountv, 
N.  J.,  was  nanied,  and  they  are  represt-iita- 
tives  of  the  eighth  generation  in  this  country. 
The  common  ancestor  of  tlie  family  of 
Long  Island,  New  -Jersey  and  adjacent  re- 
gions was  Hans  Hansen  Bergen,  of  Bergen, 
in  Norway,  who  removed  from  there  to  Hol- 
land, and  thence,  in  16;!.'!,  to  New  Amsterdam 
(now  New  York).  Some  of  his  descendants 
settled  in  what  is  now  Bergen  (.\)nnty  about 
fifty  years  later. 

Samuel  Disbrow  Bergen,  of  the  seventh 
generation  in  America,  and  his  wife,  Cliarity 
(daughter  of  Judge  Peter  Voorlices,  of 
Blawenburgh,  SoTnersct  Oounty),  were  resi- 
dents early  in  the  pre.sent  century  of  Mid- 
dlesex CJounty,  N.  .1.,  near  Cranberry,  and 
lived  at  what  was  known  as  tlie  licrgcn 
Farm  oi'  Homestead,  'i^heir  son  Martin  V. 
was  born  there  Fehruary  lU,  IH,'!!).  He 
prepared  for  (allege  at  lOdgc  Hill  School  and 
entered  the  sophomore  class  at  Princeton  in 
September,  1H(!().  (Jraduating  from  the  col- 
lege in  IH(i.'!,  he  commenced  the  study  oi' 
law  the  same  year  in  the  office  of  Pefcii-  L. 
Voorlices,  of  Camden,  wIkh-c  he  continued 
until  he  graduated  in  November,  18(!(),  as 
an  attorney-at-law.  He  was  liiu'nscnl  as  a 
counselor-at-law  in  November,  I8(i!).  He 
opened  an  office  in  the  fall  of  1S(J6  at  11!) 
Market  Street,  Ciimden,  and  continued  (o 
practice  there  until  lie  foi-rneil  a  partnership 
with  his  brothcM-  and  removed  to  1 10  Market 
Street.  H(^  has  been  lwic(^  elected  supcriu- 
dent  of  the  Camden  City  schools  and  now 
holds  that  position.  He  was  married,  in 
February,  1880,  to  Mary  Atkinson,  of  Mer- 
chantville,  N.  J. 

Christopher  A.  Bku(jicn,  Kmi.,  whose 
ancestry  and  parentage  are  given  in  the  sketch 
of  his  brother,  was  born  at  Bridge  I'oinI, 
Somerset  County,  N.  J.,  August  'J,  IHIl. 
He  obtained  his  preparatory  education  at 
Edge  Hill  Classical  School,   I'rincetoTi,  and 


entered  Princeton  (\)llege  in  the  fall  of 
1 8(i0,  graduating  therefroni,  with  hia  brolli- 
er,  in  the  t^lass  of  IS(i;!.  Afterwards  lie 
iaiightsohool, — iirst  a  coiinti'v  sclioolat  Hope- 
well, N.  J.,  and  later  a  private  classical 
.s(^hool  of  his  own  at  Princeton, —  pi\rsuingiit 
the  same  time  law  studies  under  the  direction 
of  Peter  L.  N'oorhces,  Ksq.,  of  Camden.  In 
Novend)er,  lS(i(!,  Ik^  was  !i(reiis(ul  as  an  at- 
torney by  till'  New  .IcM'scy  Supreme  C\iurt, 
and  in  the  fall  of  18(I!)  as  (ioiinselor-athnv 
by  the  same  court.  Mr.  Bergen's  mental  ae 
tivity,  onerous  as  are  his  professional  duties, 
is  by  no  means  (unilined  to  them.  lie  is  u 
stuch'iil  of  general  literature,  keeps  fully 
abreast  of  the  times  in  political,  philosophical 
and  pojiular  scientilic  information  and  con- 
tinues his  classical  studies,  reading  (!.\teii- 
sively  in  jjatin  and  (Jreek. 

Christopher  A.  Bi^'gcn  has  been  Iwicic 
married.  He  was  united  with  his  llrsi  wife, 
Harriet-,  daughter  of  'riiomas  1).  and  An- 
gusta  S.  James,  August-  ft,  180!),  Two  sons 
wer(!  the  ollspring  of  this  niiioii.  His  sec- 
ond wile,  to  whom  Ik^  was  united  tbuinury 
'2(i,  188(5,  was  Fannie  V.,  daughter  of  Wil- 
liaiii  L.  and  Adc'le  C.  Hirst,  ol'  Pliilaih'l 
phia. 

The  firm  of  Bergen  &  Bergen  (M.  V.  <t 
C.  A.)  has  been  (piitc  uniformly  and  steadily 
suc<H',ssfid,  and  jirobably  has  as  large?  and  as 
widespread  a  (clientage  and  coi'respoii(lence  as 
any  law  linn  in  Camden.  Tlu'y  have  been 
fi'iMpiently  opposed  by  the  best  legal  talent-  in 
the  comity  and  State,  and  have  fully  as  often 
bi^en  victors  as  vanquislu^d,  and  enjoy  a  high 
reputation.  Two  of  the  most  notable  cases 
in  which  they  have  won  suc(?ess  were  those 
of  the  Marshall  estate,  and  the  Jcssi'  W. 
Starr  Camdcii  Iron- Works  (^ase  in  bank- 
ruptcy. The  former,  whi(?li  aroused  nuK^ii 
int(!rest  in  the  southern  part  of  the  county, 
was  an  action  (^barging  breacii  of  trnsl, 
on  the  ])a-rt  of  the  executors,  and  involved 
the  title  to  five  farms  and  a  large  part  oi' 
the  village  of  Blackwood.     JSergen  it  Bergen 


^AXfCitcZZ 


i^^ 


THE  BENCH  AND  BAR. 


229 


appeared  for  the  creditors  against  the  execu- 
tors, who  were  represented  by  S.  H.  Grey, 
and  Peter  L.  Voorhees,  Esqs.  In  the  bank- 
ruptcy suit  against  Jesse  W.  Starr,  above 
alluded  to,  in  which  about  three  hundred 
thousand  dollars  were  involved,  Bergen 
Brothers  were  also  successful  in  forcing  the 
creditors  of  Mr.  Starr,  to  terms.  Chris- 
topher A.  Bergen,  as  a  rule,  attends  to  the 
court  business  and  Martin  V.  devotes  his  at- 
tention more  particularly  to  that  department 
of  practice  which  is  the  function  of  the 
counsel,  though  he  also  appears  frequently  in 
court.  Both  are  well-read  lawyers  and  able 
advocates. 

Both  of  the  brothers  are  pronounced  Re- 
publicans, though  neither  is  an  active  poli- 
tician. Christopher  A.  in  1884  was  the 
choice  of  a  large  section  of  his  party  for  the 
position  of  State  Senator,  but  declined  mak- 
ing any  effort  to  secure  the  nomination.  He 
was  elected  president  of  the  Camden  County 
Republican  Club  in  1886.  Martin  V.  Ber- 
gen has  also  been  named  as  a  candidate  for 
legislative  honors,  but  has  held  no  offices  of 
consequence  other  than  the  school  superin- 
tendency. 

George  F.  Fort  was  born  at  Absecom, 
Atlantic  County,  N.  J.,  Jfovember  20,  1843, 
and  received  an  academic  education,  which 
was  completed  at  the  university  in  Heidel- 
berg, Germany.  He  began  the  study  of  law 
under  Abraham  Browning,  of  Camden  ;  was 
admitted  as  an  attorney  in  1866  and  as  a 
counselor  in  1869.  Mr.  Fort  is  well  known 
as  an  author,  his  more  prominent  books  being 
"  An  Historical  Treatise  on  Early  Builders' 
Works,"  "Fort's  Mediaeval  Builders," 
"  Medical  Economy  during  the  Middle  Ages  " 
and  "  Early  History  and  Antiquities  of  Ma- 
sonry." 

Robert  M.  Browning,  who  was  a  native 
of  Camden,  born  in  1844,  read  law  with  his 
father,  Hon.  Abraham  Browning,  and  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  November,  1867.  He 
followed  his  profession  until  his  death,  in  1875. 


Howard  M.  Cooper  was  born  June  24, 
1844,  at  Kaighns  Point  in  the  city  of  Cam- 
den, graduated  from  Haverford  College, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1864,  studied  law  under 
Peter  L.  Voorhees,  Esq.,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  as  an  attorney  at  the  November 
term  of  the  Supreme  Court,  1870.  He  has 
since  followed  his  profession  in  Camden,  and 
in  addition  to  the  usual  occupation  of  a  law- 
yer, he  is  a  director,  and  the  solicitor  of  the 
Camden  National  Bank,  a  director  of  the 
Camden  Lighting  and  Heating  Company,  and 
president  and  solicitor  of  the  West  Jersey 
Orphanage  for  Destitute  Colored  Children. 

Richard  T.  Miller  is  a  native  of  Cape 
May  City,  N.  J.,  where  he  was  born  Decem- 
ber 16,  1845,  and  received  his  early  education 
at  Pottstown  Academy  and  at  Easton,  Conn. 
He  then  entered  the  West  Jersey  Academy 
and  completed  his  studies  under  a  private 
tutor.  He  was  for  two  years  connected  with 
a  corps  of  engineers  engaged  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  and  in  1863  entered  the 
office  of  Judge  Thomas  P.  Carpenter,  of  Cam- 
den. He  was  admitted  as  an  attorney  in 
November,  1867,  and  as  counselor  in  1870. 
Judge  Miller  began  practice  in  Camden,  and, 
March  30,  1877,  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
District  Court  of  Camden,  to  which  office  he 
was  appointed  five  years  later. 

James  P.  Young  was  born  in  Camden 
County,  in  1842,  was  educated  in  the  schools 
of  that  county  and  at  the  Philadelphia  High 
School.  He  read  law  in  the  office  of  Hon. 
Thomas  P.  Carpenter,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1869.  He  was  a  comrade  of  Tho- 
mas H.  Davis  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  No.  53,  of 
Haddonfield,  and  for  three  years  served  in 
Company  G.,  Sixth  New  Jersey  Regiment. 
He  practiced  in  Camden  for  fifteen  years, 
and  was  accidentally  drowned  in  the  Dela- 
ware River. 

George  N.  Conrow  was  born  in  Bur- 
lington County,  but  during  his  youth  went 
West  and  received  his  literary  education  at 
.  Earlham  College,  Richmond,  Indiana.     Re- 


230 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


fuming  East,  he  read  law  with  Hon.  Thomas 
P.  Carpenter,  of  Camden,  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  at  the  November  Term  of  court,  1870, 
and  became  counselor  in  1873.  He  had 
offices  in  Camden  and  ]\Ioorestown,  and  prac- 
ticed actively  until  his  death — a  period  of 
about  eight  years. 

Alfred  Flanders  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia January  6,  1830,  received  his  early 
education  through  private  tutors,  and  grad- 
uated at  Yale  College  in  1850.  He  read 
law  with  Simpson  T.  Van  Sant,  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  that 
city  in  March,  1861,  having  meanwhile  been 
identified  with  the  Kensington  Bank  as 
clerk  and  teller.  Having  practiced  for 
a  while  in  Philadelphia,  he  settled  in  Bur- 
lington, N.  J.,  in  1866,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  New  Jersey  bar  the  same  year.  He 
practiced  in  Mount  Holly  until  1883,  at 
which  date  jNIr.  Flanders  opened  an  office  in 
Camden. 

Herbert  A.  Drake  was  born  July  2, 
1845,  in  Hopewell  township,  Mercer  County, 
N.  J.,  and  remained  a  pupil  of  the  public 
schools  until  1862,  when  he  became  a  student 
of  the  Lawrenceville  Higli  School,  and  two 
years  later  of  Rutgers  College,  from  which 
institution  he  was  graduated  in  June,  1868. 
He  entered  upon  the  study  of  law  with 
Peter  L.  Voorhees,  of  Camden,  was  made  an 
attorney  in  June,  1871,  and  a  counselor  at 
the  June  Term,  1874. 

James  E.  Hayes  was  born  near  Burling- 
ton, N.  J.,  February  18,  1844,  and  after  a 
preliminary  training  at  the  Hightstown  In- 
stitution, graduated  from  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania.  He  entered  the  law-office  of 
Eobeson  &  Scovel  in  1867,  was  admitted  as 
an  attorney  in  1871  and  as  counselor  in 
1877.  He  was  made  city  solicitor  of  Cam- 
den in  1878,  and  corporation  counsel  of 
Gloucester  City  in  1883.  His  law  co-part- 
nership with  George  M.  Robeson  began  in 
April,  1883. 

John  W.  Wright,  son  of  Richard  and 


Abigail  M.  Wright,  and  grandson  of  Rich- 
ard M.  Cooper,  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
August  21,  1847.  He  entered  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania  and  was  graduated  from 
the  Department  of  Arts  of  that  institution  iu 
the  class  of  1867.  He  became  a  student-at- 
law  in  the  office  of  E.  Spencer  Miller,  Esq., 
of  Philadelphia,  and  after  graduating  from 
the  Law  Department  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1870,  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1871.  Since  the  death  of  his  uncle, 
William  D.  Cooper,  in  1875,  he  has  been 
executor,  trustee  and  attorney  for  the  estates 
of  a  large  branch  of  the  Cooper  family,  com- 
prising much  of  the  central  portion  of  Cam- 
den. 

James  H.  Carpenter,  son  of  the  Hon. 
Thomas  P.  Carpenter,  was  born  in  Wood- 
bury, N.  J.,  November  18,  1849,  and  in 
early  youth  moved  with  his  parents  to  Cam- 
den. He  received  his  education  at  the 
school  of  William  Fewsmith,  in  Philadel- 
phia, and  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
graduating  from  the  latter  in  1869.  Immedi- 
ately thereafter  he  entered  his  father's  ofiBce 
as  a  student-at-law,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  November,  1872,  and  as  a  coun- 
selor in  1875.  He  was  made  a  master  in 
Chancery  in  1875,  and  admitted  to  practice 
in  the  United  States  Court  in  1883. 

Wilson  H.  Jenkins  was  born  Novem- 
ber 6,  1846,  at  Fenwick,  South  Carolina,  and 
educated  at  the  Citadel,  at  Charleston,  and  at 
the  Arsenal,  at  Columbia,  South  Carolina. 
Removing  to  Camden  in  1865,  he  entered 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  began 
the  study  of  law  with  Richard  S.  Jenkins,  of 
Camden,  in  1869  ;  was  admitted  as  an  at- 
torney in  1873,  and  as  a  counselor  iu  1875. 
Mr.  Jenkins  was  appointed  prosecutor  of  the 
pleas  for  Camden  County  in  1884. 

John  H.  Fort  was  born  on  Staten  Island, 
N.  Y.,  January  10,  1851,  and  educated  at 
the  public  schools,  at  Lawrenceville  Academy 
and  at  Pennington,  N.  J.  He  studied  law 
with    Marmaduke   B.   Taylor,   of  Camden, 


THE  BENCH  AND  BAE. 


231 


was  admitted  as  an  attorney  in  June,  1873, 
and  as  counselor  in  November,  1881.  He 
is  a  master  and  examiner  in  Chancery.  Mr. 
Fort  has  devoted  much  of  his  time  to  edito- 
rial work. 

John  F.  Joline  was  born  in  Princeton, 
N.  J.,  February  4,  1850,  and  pursued  his 
early  studies  at  Trenton,  N.  J.  He  began 
his  law  studies  with  James  Wilson,  and  con- 
cluded them  with  Peter  L.  Voorhees,  of 
Camden ;  was  admitted  as  an  attorney  in 
1873,  and  as  counselor  some  years  later. 
He  was  also  made  a  member  of  the  Philadel- 
phia bar  in  1882.  Mr.  Joline  was  clerk  of  the 
New  Jersey  House  of  Assembly  in  1871-72, 
and  is  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  West 
Jersey  Ferry  Company. 

Thomas  B.  Haened  is  a  native  of  the 
city  of  Philadelphia,  where  he  was  born 
March  15,  1851,  and  received  his  early  edu- 
cation at  the  common  schools,  after  which  he 
entered  the  Cohansey  Glass  Works,  at  Bridge- 
ton,  N.  J.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  began 
the  study  of  law  with  Hon.  Charles  T.  Reed, 
of  Camden,  and  graduated  from  the  Law 
Department  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. He  was  admitted  to  practice  during 
the  June  Term  of  1874,  and  was  made  a 
counselor  in  1877.  He  speedily  established 
a  large  criminal  practice.  Mr.  Harned  was 
a  delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention  which 
nominated  James  G.  Blaine  for  the  Presi- 
dency in  1884. 

Charles  Van  Dyke  Jolixe  was  born 
August  7, 1851,  and  educated  at  the  Academy 
and  the  State  Model  School,  Trenton,  N.  J. 
He  entered  Princeton  College  in  September, 
1868,  and  was  graduated  from  that  institu- 
tion in  June,  1871.  He  began  the  study  of 
law  with  Peter  L.  Voorhees,  of  Camden, 
was  made  an  attorney  in  1874  and  a  coun- 
selor in  1877.  Mr.  Joline  is  one  of  the  in- 
corporators, and  has  been  since  its  organiza- 
tion secretary,  of  the  Camden  County  Bar 
Association. 

Edward  Dudley  was  born  January  17, 


1849,  in  Camden,  where  his  early  studies 
were  pursued.  Accompanying  his  father  to 
England,  he  became  a  pupil  of  the  Royal  In- 
stitution School,  in  Liverpool.  He  returned 
to  America  in  1866  and  entered  Harvard 
College,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in 
1870.  Mr.  Dudley  then  made  an  extended 
foreign  tour,  and  was  soon  after  appointed 
United  States  vice-counsul  and  acted  as 
consul  at  Liverpool.  He  thus  officiated 
until  his  return  to  Camden, in  January,  1873, 
when,  entering  the  office  of  Peter  L.  VoorT. 
hees  as  a  student  of  law,  he  was  admitted  as 
an  attorney  in  November,  1874,  and  as  a 
counselor  in  1877.  He  is  a  director  and 
solicitor  of  the  National  State  Bank  of 
Camden. 

Alexander  Gray  was  born  in  Wilkes-r 
Barre,  Pa.,  February  5,  1834,  and  received 
his  education  at  the  common  schools.  He 
engaged  for  several  years  in  business  in  his 
native  city,  and  followed  mechanical  engi- 
neering and  mining  until  1866.  In  1870  he 
began  the  study  of  law  with  G.  Lytel,  Esq., 
of  Princeton,  N.  J.;  was  admitted  as  an  attor- 
ney in  1875,  and  as  counselor  in  1878.  He 
practiced  in  Mercer  County  until  his  removal 
to  Camden,  in  1880. 

John  T.  Woodhull  was  born  July  12,, 

1850,  at  Mays  Landing,  Atlantic  County, 
N.  J.  He  was  educated  at  home,  at  Free- 
hold and  in  Philadelphia ;  began  the  study 
of  law  in  1869  with  Alden  C.  Scovel,  of 
Camden,  and  spent  one  year  at  the  Harvard 
Law  School.  He  was  admitted  February, 
1875,  and  has  since  practiced  in  Camden. 

William  C.  Dayton  was  born  in  July, 

1851,  in  Camden,  and  received  his  academic 
education  at  the  West  Jersey  Academy, 
Bridgeton,  N.  J.,  and  in  Philadelphia.  He 
afterward  entered  Princeton  College  and  be- 
gan the  study  of  law  with  his  father,  James 
B.  Dayton,  of  Camden,  was  admitted  as  an 
attorney  in  February,  1875,  and  as  a  coun- 
selor in  February,  1878.  He  is  a  director 
of  the  Camden  Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Com- 


232 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


pauy  and  of  the  Camden  and  Atlantic  Rail- 
road. 

Thomas  E.  French  was  born  in  Bur- 
lington County,  N.  J.,  January  5,  1855,  and 
educated  at  the  select  and  common  schools  of 
that  county.  He,  in  April,  1870,  entered  the 
law-office  of  B.  D.  Shreve,  of  Camden  ;  was 
admitted  as  an  attorney  in  February,  1876, 
and  as  a  counselor  February,  1879.  He 
began  practice  in  Camden,  formed  a  co-part- 
nership with  William  S.  Casselman,  which 
firm  was  succeeded  by  Garrison,  French  & 
Casselman,  and  later  by  Garrison  &  French. 

Petee  V.  V00EHEB.S  was  born  in  Mid- 
dlesex County  June  18,  1852,  and  took  his 
preparatory  course  at  the  Rutgers  College 
Grammar  School,  New  Brunswick,  from 
whence  he  entered  college  in  1869,  and  grad- 
uated in  1873.  He  began  his  law  studies 
with  Peter  L.  Voorhees,  of  Camden,  was 
admitted  as  an  attorney  in  1876,  and  three 
years  after  as  counselor.  He  is  associated 
with  Peter  L.  Voorhees  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession. 

John  K.  R.  Hewitt  was  born  in  Cam- 
den January  29, 1855,  and  pursued  his  early 
studies  at  home  and  at  the  public  schools. 
He  then  engaged  in  business  and  began  the 
Study  of  law  some  years  later.  He  was  made 
an  attorney  in  June,  1876,  and  a  counselor 
in  1880.  He  was  elected,  in  1878,  solicitor 
for  Gloucester  City,  and  was  clerk  and  solic- 
itor for  the  Board  of  Chosen  Freeholders  of 
Camden  County  from  May,  1880  to  1881. 

Samuel  D.  Bergen,  brother  of  Martin 
V.  and  Christopher  A.,  was  born  April  9, 
1852,  at  Harlingeu,  Somerset  County,  New 
Jersey ;  received  his  early  education  at  Edge 
Hill  School ;  entered  Princeton  College  in 
September,  1868,  joining  the  class  of  1872. 
On  leaving  college  in  1872  he  commenced  the 
study  of  law  with  his  brothers  at  Camden, 
and  graduated  as  an  attorney-at-law  in  June, 
1876.  He  was  admitted  as  counselor-at-law 
in  November,  1879,  and  has  perhaps  more 
reputation  from  the  suit  of  the  Freeholders 


vs.  Alfred  Haines,  steward  of  the  almshouse, 
than  in  any  other  one  cause.  He  carried  this 
suit  through  five  trials  or  phases,  being  suc- 
cessful in  each  one  and  secured  a  final  decis- 
ion in  favor  of  the  plaintiifs.  He  married 
Eliza  F.,  daughter  of  Genge  Browning. 

August  F.  Richter  is  a  native  of  Phila- 
delphia, where  he  was  born  September  10, 
1856.  He  was  educated  at  La  Salle  College 
and  at  Bryant  &  Stratton's  Business  College, 
Philadelphia,  and  began  his  law  studies  in 
1871  with  Marmaduke  B.  Taylor,  of  Cam- 
den. These  studies  were  continued  at  the 
Law  Department  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, after  which  he  was  admitted  to 
practice  at  the  November  Term  in  1876. 
He  was,  three  years  later,  made  a  counselor. 

■Joseph  Willard  Morgan  was  born 
July  6,  1854,  on  a  farm  near  Blackwood, 
now  Gloucester,  then  Camden,  County,  N.  J., 
and  educated  at  the  common  schools  in 
his  native  county  and  in  Philadelphia.  He 
began  the  study  of  law  with  Honorable 
Charles  P.  Stratton,  of  Camden ;  was  admit- 
ted as  an  attorney  in  February,  1877,  and  as 
a  counselor  in  February,  1881.  He  was  ap- 
pointed to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  City  Council 
of  Camden  soon  after  reaching  his  majority, 
later  elected  for  three  years  and  subsequently 
re-elected.  He  has  been  for  several  years 
United  States  commissioner  and  is  now  city 
solicitor  for  the  city  of  Camden. 

Samuel  W.  Sparks  is  a  native  of  Wil- 
liamstown,  N.  J.,  where  he  was  born  Decem- 
ber 30, 1855.  He  was  educated  at  Absecom, 
Atlantic  County,  N.  J.,  and  afterward  learned 
the  trade  of  a  printer,  which  he  followed  for 
four  years.  He  began  the  study  of  law  with 
Alden  C.  Scovel,  of  Camden,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice  in  1877.  He  is  master  and 
solicitor  in  Chancery,  and  has  also  been  ad- 
mitted to  practice  in  the  State  of  Iowa. 

Timothy  J.  Middleton  was  born  Octo- 
ber 15,  1855,  and  educated  in  the  city  of 
Camden.  He  entered  the  office  of  Thomas 
B.  Harned  in  June,  1874  ;   was  admitted  as 


THE  BENCH  AND  BAE. 


233 


an  attorney  in  1878  and  as  counsellor  in 
1881.  He  has  for  several  years  been  solicitor 
for  the  Board  of  Education  of  Camden,  was 
in  1881  elected  chosen  freeholder  and  in 
1882  clerk  and  solicitor  for  the  Board  of 
Chosen  Freeholders. 

Lemuel  J.  Potts,  a  native  of  Camden, 
was  born  March  17,  1843,  and  educated  at 
the  public  schools  as  also  by  private  tutors. 
Removing  to  Illinois,  he  engaged  in  business, 
and  on  his  return  from  the  West  began  the 
study  of  law  with  Alden  C.  Scovel,  of  Cam- 
den, He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1878, 
and  three  years  later  was  made  a  counselor. 
Charles  G.  Garrison,  M.D.,  is  a  native 
of  Swedesboro',  N.  J.  His  education  was  re- 
ceived at  the  Edge  Hill  School,  Princeton, 
at  the  Episcopal  Academy,  Philadelphia,  and 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  He 
graduated  in  1872  from  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment of  that  institution,  and  until  1876 
practiced  medicine  in  Swedesboro',  N.  J.  He 
then  entered  the  office  of  Samuel  H.  Grey, 
of  Camden,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1878.  He  began  practice  in  Camden  as  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Garrison  &  French. 
Mr.  Garrison  was  made  judge  advocate-gen- 
eral of  the  National  Guard  of  New  Jersey 
in  1884  and  chancellor  of  the  Southern  Dio- 
cese of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  of 
New  Jersey  in  1882. 

William  S.  Hoffman  is  a  native  of  Phil- 
adelphia and  was  born  February  2,  1867. 
His  education  was  received  in  the  public 
schools  of  that  city  and  in  New  York.  He 
began  the  study  of  law  in  Camden  with  Al- 
fred Hugg,  Esq.;  was  admitted  as  an  attorney 
in  November,  1878,  and  as  a  counselor  in 
November,  1881.  He  has  received  the  ap- 
pointment of  master  and  examiner  in  Chan- 
cery. 

Henry  A.  Scovel,  a  native  of  Camden, 
N.  J.,  was  born  February  25,  1858,  and 
attended  the  schoolof  Charles  F.  Woodhull, 
from  whence  he  entered  the  Hyatt  Military 
Academy,  at  Chester,  Pa.     He  was  admitted 

2^ 


as  an  attorney  February  26,  1879,  and  as  a 
counselor  at  the  June  Term,  1884. 

Wm.  S.  Casselman  was  born  December 
5,  1854,  in  Philadelphia,  and  coming  to 
Camden  quite  young,  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools ;  read  law  with  Judge  Charles 
P.  Stratton  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  as  an  at- 
torney in  June,  1879,  and  as  a  counselor  in 
June,  1883. 

Jonas  S.  Miller  was  born  at  Cape  May 
City  and  educated  at  the  West  Jersey 
Academy,  at  Bridgeton.  He  served  an  ap- 
prenticeship as  a  printer,  and  followed  the 
trade  until  1876,  when,  entering  upon  the 
study  of  law,  he  became  a  student  in  the 
office  of  his  brother,  Hon.  Richard  T.  Miller, 
of  Camden.  He  was  made  an  attorney  in 
1879,  and  a  counselor  in  1883.  During  the 
latter  year  he  was  appointed  prosecutor  of 
the  pleas  for  Cape  May  County,  N.  J.,  and 
still  fills  the  office. 

Franklin  C.  W^oolman  was  born  Octo- 
ber 11,  1855,  in  Burlington,  N.  J.  He  was 
educated  in  Philadelphia  and  later  entered 
Princeton  College.  He  began  the  study  of  law 
in  1876,  in  the  office  of  Hon.  David  J.  Pan- 
coast,  of  Camden,  and  graduated  from  the 
Law  Department  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania in  1877.  Mr.  Woolman  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  as  an  attorney  in  1879,  and 
as  counselor  in  1883. 

Edward  Ambler  Armstrong  was  born 
in  Woodstown,  Salem  County,  N.  J.,  De- 
cember 28,  1858,  and  educated  in  the 
Woodstown  Academy  and  the  Millville 
High  School.  In  1876  he  entered  the  law- 
office  of  George  N.  Conrow,  and,  upon  the 
death  of  the  latter,  finished  his  studies  with 
Benjamin  D.  Shreve,  of  Camden.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  the  February  Term  of 
1880.  In  1883  he  was  elected  to  the  As- 
sembly from  the  First  District  of  Camden 
County,  and  upon  his  re-election,  in  1884, 
was  made  Speaker  of  the  House  at  the  age  of 
twenty-six  years,  being  the  youngest  man 
who   has   occupied   the  position.     He   was 


234 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


elected  for  the  third  term  in  1885,  and  was 
re-elected  Speaker,  being  by  virtue  of  that 
office  a  trustee  of  the  State  School  Board  and 
a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Education. 

Samuel  K.  Robbins  was  born  in  Mount 
Holly,  N.  J.,  May  9,  1853,  and  after  a  pre- 
paratory course,  graduated  at  Princeton  Col- 
lege in  1874.  In  1877  he  began  the  study 
of  law  with  Charles  E.  Hendrickson,  of 
Mount  Holly;  was  admitted  June,  1880,  and 
as  a  counsellor  in  1884.  He  is  the  present 
prosecutor  of  the  pleas  for  the  county  of 
Burlington.  Mr.  Robbins  also  has  an  office 
in  Moorestown,  N.  J. 

Samuel  P.  Jones  was  born  in  Kent 
County,  Delaware,  and  educated  principally 
in  Burlington  County,  N.  J.,  and  Camden. 
He  began  the  study  of  law  in  1876,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1880.  Pie  has  since 
been  engaged  in  practice  in  Camden. 

Edmund  B.  Leaming  was  born  at  South 
Seaville,  Cape  May  County,  N.  J.,  May  27, 

1857,  and  educated  by  his  father.  He  grad- 
uated at  the  Capital  City  Commercial  Col- 
lege, Trenton  ;  began  the  study  of  law  with 
Judge  James  Buchanan,  of  Trenton,  in  1877 ; 
was  admitted  in  February,  1881,  and  made 
a  counselor  three  years  after.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  firm  of  Leaming,  Black  &  Rhoads, 
of  Camden. 

John  J.  Crandall  was  born  in  Tioga 
County,  N.  Y.,  November  8, 1836,  and  edu- 
cated at  the  academy  in  Oswego,  N.  Y. 
He  entered  the  law-office  of  Thomas  Far- 
rington,  of  the  same  town,  and  continued  his 
studies  at  Troy,  Pa.,  while  principal  of  the 
Troy  Academy.  He  was  admitted  to  prac- 
tice in  the  courts  of  Michigan  in  1856,  where 
he  pursued  his  profession  until  1870.  Re- 
moving to  New  Jersey,  he  was  admitted  to 
the  Camden  County  bar  at  the  June  Term  of 
1880,  and  as  counselor  in  1883. 

Floeanc  F.  Hogatb,  a  native  of  Glou- 
cester   County,  N.  J.,  was    born    March  15, 

1858,  and  educated  at  Bridgeton,  in  the  com- 
mon schools  and  at  the  West  Jersey  Acad- 


emy. He  entered  the  office  of  M.  B.  Taylor, 
Esq.,  as  a  student ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
at  the  February  Term,  1881,  and  at  once 
began  practice  in  Camden.  He  is  officially 
connected  with  several  important  corporations 
in  the  State. 

John  Harris  was  born  in  Burlington 
County,  N.  J.,  May  19,  1860,  and  in  youth 
attended  the  common  schools.  He  entered 
the  law-office  of  Messrs.  Jenkins  &  Jenkins, 
in  Camden,  and  was  admitted  as  an  attorney 
in  June,  1881 ;  three  years  later  he  was  made 
a  counselor.  He  was  elected  clerk  of  the 
Board  of  Chosen  Freeholders  in  May,  1886. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  law-firm  of  Soovel  & 
Harris. 

Henry  M.  Snyder,  Jr.,  was  born  Feb- 
ruary 15, 1857,  in  Philadelphia,  and  educated 
at  the  public  schools.  He  read  law  with 
Peter  L.  Voorhees,  of  Camden;  was  admitted 
as  an  attorney  in  1881,  and  as  counselor  in 
1884.  He  is,  for  the  second  term,  a  member 
of  the  Camden  City  Council. 

B.  F.  H.  Shreve  was  bom  at  Mount 
Holly,  and  graduated  at  Trinity  College, 
Hartford,  Conn.  He  began  the  study  of  law 
with  B.  D.  Shreve,  and  was  admitted  as  an 
attorney  in  1883.     He  is  located  in  Camden. 

Charles  I.  Wooster  was  born  in  Ham- 
monton,  N.  J.,  March  25, 1846,  and  received 
his  preliminary  education  at  the  public  schools 
of  Camden  County.  He  was  afterward  made 
deputy  county  clerk  and  under-sheriff  of  the 
county.  He  entered  the  law-office  of  Messrs. 
Bergen  &  Bergen,  attorneys,  as  a  student, 
and  began  practice  in  June,  1881,  when  he 
was  admitted. 

William  W.  Woodhull,  Jr.,  was  born 
July  12,  1858,  at  May's  Landing,  New  Jer- 
sey, and  received  his  early  education  in  private 
schools  of  Camden.  He  began  the  study  of 
law,  October  3,  1876,  in  the  office  of  Peter 
L.  Voorhees,  and  was  admitted  to  practice 
at  the  June  term  of  court,  1881.  He  was 
for  something  over  a  year  in  the  office  of 
Colonel  Isaac  Buckalew,  then  superintendent 


THE  BENCH  AND  BAR. 


235 


of  the  Amboy  Division  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  as  private  secretary.-  He  died 
February  9, 1882,  just  as  he  was  about  enter- 
ing upon  the  practice  of  law.  He  was  a 
young  man  of  remarkable  promise. 

Alfred  L.  Black,  Jr.,  was  born  No- 
vember 16,  1858,  in  Chesterfield  township, 
Burlington  County,  N.  J.  After  attending 
a  private  school  in  Ocean  County,  N.  J.,  he 
entered  the  sophomore  class  at  Princeton 
and  graduated  June  20,  1878.  He  began 
the  study  of  law  with  James  Wilson,  Esq., 
of  Trenton,  N.  J.;  was  admitted  in  Novem- 
ber, 1881,  and  made  a  counselor  in  1884. 
He  began  practice  in  Camden  in  1881  as  one 
of  the  firm  of  Leaming  &  Black  (now 
Leaming,  Black  &  Rhoads).  The  firm  are 
city  solicitors  for  Cape  May,  Sea  Isle  City, 
Anglesea,  Ocean  City  and  South  Atlantic 
City. 

Howard  J.  Stanger,  g,  native  of  Cam- 
den, was  born  in  Camden  County,  N.  J., 
December  29,  1857,  and  educated  principally 
by  private  tutors.  He  entered  upon  the 
study  of  law  in  the  spring  of  1878  with 
Hon.  Charles  T.  Reed,  of  Camden;  was 
made  an  attorney  at  the  June  Term  of  1882, 
and  a  counselor  in  June,  1886.  He  is  a 
master,  examiner  and  solicitor  in  Chancery. 

John  W.  Wartman  was  born  in  Camden, 
N.  J.,  December  16,  1857,  and  educated  at 
the  public  schools.  He  began  the  study  of 
law  with  Thomas  B.  Harned,  June  1,  1878  ; 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  June,  1882,  and 
as  counselor  in  June,  1885.  Pie  had  been 
for  three  years  a  member  of  the  City  Coun- 
cil of  Camden. 

Howard  Cakrow  was  born  September  30, 
1860,  in  Camden,  Delaware,  and  educated  at 
Bridgeton  and  in  Philadelphia.  He  began 
the  study  of  law  with  Thomas  B.  Harned,  of 
Camden,  and  was  admitted  in  June,  1882. 
Three  years  later  he  was  made  a  counselor. 
He  was  also,  in  1882,  admitted  as. member  of 
the  United  States  Court. 

Edmund  E.  Read,  Jr.,  son  of  John  S. 


Read,  was  born  in  Camden,  August  7,  1869. 
He  obtained  a  preparatory  education  in  the 
school  of  William  Fewsmith,  at  1008  Chest-  . 
nut  Street,  Philadelphia,  and  then  entered 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  from  which 
institution  he  was  graduated  with  the  degree 
ofA.B.,  in  the  year  1879.  Studied  law  in 
the  office  of  Peter  L.  Voorhees,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  June,  1862,  and  has 
since  practiced  in  Camden.  He  is  a  director 
of  the  Camden  Fire  Insurance  Association  ; 
secretary  of  the  Franklin,  People's  and  City 
Building  Associations,  and  secretary  of  the 
Gloucester  Turnpike  Company. 

Samuel  W.  Beldon  was  born  in  Bor- 
dentown,  N.  J.,  April  4, 1861,  and  graduated 
at  the  New  Jersey  Collegiate  Institute 
in  1876.  He  began  the  study  of  law 
with  ex-Judge  James  Buchanan  in  1878, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  as  an  attorney  in 
1882,  and  as  counselor  in  1886.  He  entered 
into  partnership  with  Judge  Buchanan  in 
1882,  and  two  years  later  became  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  Hutchinson  &  Beldon,  of 
Camden  and  Bordentown. 

John  F.  Harned  was  born  March  28, 
1866,  in  Camden,  and  educated  at  the  public 
schools.  He  acquired  the  trade  of  a  printer, 
followed  it  for  six  years  and  began  the  study 
of  law  in  1878  with  M.  B.  Taylor,  Esq.,  of 
Camden.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  during 
the  fall  term  of  1882,  and  as  a  counselor  in 
November,  1886.  He  has  since  practiced  in 
Camden. 

Edward  H.  Saundehs,  son  of  the  sur- 
veyor of  the  same  name,  was  born  in  Cam- 
den, read  law  with  Howard  M.  Cooper,  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  November,  1882,  and 
died  about  two  years  later. 

Thomas  P.  Cueley,  a  native  of  Camden, 
was  born  September  19,  1861,  and  received 
his  education  in  the  parochial  schools  con- 
nected with  the  Church  of  the  Immaculate 
Conception  and  the  La  Salle  College,  Phila- 
delphia. He  chose  the  law  as  a  profession  ; 
was  admitted  as  an  attorney  November,  1882, 


236 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


and  made  a  master  in  Chancery  in  February, 
1883. 

Robert  C.  Hutchinson  was  born  in 
Yardville,  Mercer  County,  N.  J.,  December 
14,  1859,  and  educated  at  the  Lawrenceville 
High  School  and  at  Harvard  College.  He 
entered  the  Harvard  Law  School,  continued 
his  studies  with  the  late  Alden  C,  Scovel,  of 
Camden,  and  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1883.  He 
has  offices  in  Camden  and  Bordentown,  and  is 
a  member  of  the  firm  of  Hutchinson  &  Belden. 

Wai/ter  p.  Blackwood  was  born  at 
Moorestown,  N.  J.,  November  26,  1861,  and 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Camden. 
He  adopted  the  law  as  a  profession  in  1878, 
studied  with  J.  Willard  Morgan,  and  was 
admitted  in  February,  1883. 

Richard  S.  Ridgavay  \\'as  born  in  Cam- 
den August  1 ,  1859,  and  received  his  educa- 
tion at  the  public  schools.  He  entered  the 
law-office  of  Alfred  Hugg  in  1879,  and  was 
made  an  attorney  in  1883. 

Israel  Roberts  was  born  in  Burlinctoa 
County,  N.  J.,  June  19,  1858,  received  his 
early  education  at  private  schools,  and  gradu- 
ated from  Swarthmore  College,  Pa.,  in  1878. 
He  entered  the  office  of  Thomas  H.  Dudley 
&  Son  as  a  student  of  the  law  in  September, 
1880,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  as  an  at- 
torney in  1883. 

George  Reynolds  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, Jan.  30,  1859,  and  educated  at  the  Bur- 
lington (N.  J.)  public  schools.  He  studied  law 
with  Hon.  Richard  T.  Miller,  of  Camden,  and 
was  made  an  attorney  in  February,  1884. 

Samuel  N.  Shrevb  was  born  Sept.  21, 
1 860,  at  Mount  Laurel,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J., 
and  finished  his  academic  studies  at  the  West- 
town  Boarding-School,  Chester  Co.,  Pa.  He 
chose  the  law  as  a  profession,  and,  entering  the 
office  of  Benjamin  D.  Shreve,  of  Camden, 
was  admitted  at  the  February  Term,  1884. 

Ulysses  G.  Styron  was  born  at  Cape 
Hatteras,  N.  C,  September  3, 1863,  and  pur- 
sued his  studies  at  the  common  schools  of  his 
county.    In  May,  1873,  he  came  to  Camden, 


and  entered  the  office  of  Hon.  E.  A.  Armstrong 
as  a  student  .Tan.  1, 1881.  He  was  admitted 
to  practice  at  the  February  Term,  1885. 

L.  D.  H.  GiLMOUR  was  born  October  27, 
1860,  at  Cape  May  City  and  educated  at  the 
South  Jersey  Institute,  Br idgeton.  He  became 
a  student  in  law-office  of  H.  M.  Cooper  in  1881 
and  was  made  an  attorney  in  1885.  He  is  also 
associated  with  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad. 

George  A.  Vroom  was  born  Oct.  21, 1861 , 
in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  and  received  his 
education  at  Rutgers  College.  He  began  the 
study  of  law  with  John  T.  WoodhuU,  Esq.,  of 
Camden,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Camden 
County  bar  at  the  June  term  of  1885,  after 
which  he  began  practice  in  Camden. 

Joshua  E.  Borton  was  born  November 
16,  1861,  in  Mount  Laurel,  Burlington 
County,  New  Jersey,  and  educated  at  the 
public  schools  at  Bordentown  and  in  Chester 
County,  Pa.  He  became  a  student  of  the 
law  in  November,  1880,  under  the  precep- 
torship  of  Messrs.  Jenkins  &  Jenkins,  of  Cam- 
den, and  was  admitted  in  November,  1884. 

Willi  A  n[  P.  Fowler,  born  in  Philadel- 
phia October  7,  1857,  was  educated  at  the 
South  Jersey  Institute,  Bridgeport,  N.  J., 
read  law  with  Judge  David  J.  Pancoast  and 
Marmaduke  B.  Taylor,  Esq.,  of  Camden,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  November  6,  1884. 

Schuyler  C.  Woodhull  was  born  Oct. 
22,  1863,  in  Camden  and  was  educated  by  a 
private  tutor.  He  began  the  study  of  law  with 
his  brother,  Hon.  Geo.  S.  Woodhull,  in  1881, 
and  concluded  with  Judge  David  J.  Pancoast, 
after  which  he  was  admitted  in  Feb.,  1886. 

Pennington  T.  Hildreth  was  born  at 
Cape  May  Court-House  and  educated  at 
Pennington,  N.  J.  He  began  his  legal 
studies  in  1882  with  John  B.  Hoffman,  Esq., 
and  concluded  them  with  Judge  David  J. 
Pancoast,  of  Camden.  He  was  made  an  at- 
torney at  the  June  Term  of  1886. 

"The  Camden  County  Bar  Associa- 
tion "  was  incorporated  April  16,  1881,  by 
Abraham   Browning,    Thomas    H.    Dudley, 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


237 


Peter  L.  Voorhees,  Benjamin  T>.  Shreve, 
Christopher  A.  Bergen,  Ricliard  T.  Miller, 
Howard  M.  Cooper,  David  J.  Pancoast,  Her- 
bert A.  Drake,  William  C.  Dayton,  Peter  V. 
Voorhees,  Charles  V.  D.  Joline.  Its  ob- 
jects were  "  To  maintain  the  honor  and  dig- 
nity of  the  profession,  to  cultivate  social  re- 
lations among  its  members,  to  promote  and 
encourage  the  more  profound  study  of  the 
law,  the  due  administration  of  justice  and  re- 
form in  the  law  and  to  establish  and  maintain 
an  efficient  law  library  in  the  City  of  Camden." 

Meets  first  Monday'  of  every  month  at  its 
library,  106  Market  Street,  Camden.  Annual 
meeting,  first  Monday  of  May  each  year. 
There  are  about  forty-three  members.  The 
present  officers  are,  —  President,  Abraham 
Browning ;  1st  Vice  President,  Thomas  H. 
Dudley ;  2d  Vice  President,  Peter  L.  Voor- 
hees ;  Treasurer,  Howard  M.  Cooper ;  Secre- 
tary, Charles  V.  D.  Joline.  Managers,  C.  A. 
Bergen,  chairman ;  B.  D.  Shreve,  C.  D.  Shreve, 
R.  T.  Miller,  H.  A.  Drake,  P.  V.  Voorhees, 
W.  S.  Casselman.  There  are  also  the  follow- 
ing committees:  Admission,  grievances,  pro- 
secutions, amendment  of  the  law. 

The  association  maintains  a  library  that  is 
constantly  growing  in  size  and  value.  Its 
rooms  are  on  the  third  floor  of  106  Market 
Street,  adjoining  the  chambers  of  the  Court 
of  Chancery,  and  are  complete  in  every  re- 
spect as  a  place  for  lawyers  to  retire  and 
work  up  a  difficult  case.  Among  the  books 
are  the  English  Common  Law  and  Equity 
Reports  and  the  Reports  of  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court.  Reports  of  the  States 
of  Maine,  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  New 
York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Ohio, 
Michigan,  California,  besides  a  large  number 
of  digests,  commentaries,  statutes,  etc. 

The  association  has  taken  a  great  interest 
in  legislation,  and  every  winter  since  its  or- 
ganization it  has  introduced  bills  looking  to 
the  improvement  of  local  measures  and  sent 
a  committee  to  the  Legislature  to  effect  their 

passage. 
30 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

A     HISTORY    OF    MEDICIJSTE     AND     MEDICAL 
MEN. 

BY  JOHN  E.  STEVENSON,  A.M.,  M.D. 

"At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Camden  County 
Medical  Society,  held  at  Gloucester  City  on  May  11, 
1886,  on  motion  it  waa  Resolved,  that  Dr.  John  R. 
Stevenson,  of  Haddonfield,  be  appointed  a  Committee 
of  one  to  prepare  a  History  of  Medicine  and  Medical 
Men  in  Camden  County  and  report  the  same  at  the 
next  semi-annual  meeting  in  November.' ' 

Two  hundred  years  ago,  in  1686,  seven 
years  after  the  first  settlement  in  what  is  now 
Camden  County,  there  was  not  a  medical 
man  in  it.  The  few  settlers  were  located 
along  the  shore  of  the  Delaware  River,  and 
on  Coopers,  Newton  and  Little  Timber 
Creeks,  where  the  water  formed  the  only 
means  of  easy  communication  with  each  other. 
There  were  no  roads,  no  bridges  to  cross  the 
streams,  and  the  trail  of  the  Indian  was  the 
only  route  through  the  wilderness.  A  few 
medicinal  herbs  brought  from  home  had 
been  transplanted  into  the  gardens.  With 
the  virtues  of  these  they  were  familiar.  The 
new  country  abounded  in  native  plants, 
whose  healing  powers  had  been  for  ages 
tested  by  the  aborigines,  and  a  knowledge  of 
whose  properties  they  conveyed  to  their  white 
neighbors.  Each  autumn  the  careful  house- 
wife collected  the  horehound,  boneset,  penny- 
royal, sassafras  and  other  herbs  to  dry  for 
future  use.  This  custom  is  still  pursued  in 
the  remote  parts  of  the  county,  and  to-day  a 
visit  to  the  garrets  of  many  farm-houses  will 
reveal  the  bunches  of  dried  herbs,  a  knowl- 
edge of  whose  merits  has  been  handed  down 
from  generation  to  generation, — a  knowledge 
that  has  spread  beyond  its  neighborhood,  and 
has  been  incorporated  in  our  Pharmacopoeias 
and  Dispensatories. 

In  each  settlement  there  was  some  elderly 
matron  of  superior  skill  and  experience  in 
midwifery  who  kindly  volunteered  her  ser- 
vice in  presiding  at  the  birth  of  a  new  colonist. 


238 


HISTORY  OF  CA:Mr>EN  COrTNTt,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Ill  tlu>  hark  caiuie  aroiiiul  by  the  water-way, 
or  soatwl  on  a  iiillion  strapped  bohiiul  the 
saddle  ol'l  lie  |>atieiit's  messenger,  riding  double 
through  the  woods,  this  obstetrieian  woidd  be 
conveyed  from  her  own  homo  to  that  of  her 
sutfering  neighbor.  Allien  a  wound  was 
reeeived  or  u  bone  broken,  there  was  no 
surgeon  to  dress  the  former  or  .-^et  the  latter. 
The  wound,  bound  up  as  best  it  migiit  be, 
was  left  for  the  eool  w'ater  of  the  brook  or 
spring  to  allay  the  pain  and  inflammation.  The 
broken  bone  was  placed  at  rest  in  that  posi- 
tion least  painful  to  the  patient,  to  await  tiie 
process  of  nature  to  make  an  indifferent  cure. 
As  soon  as  Philadelphia  had  grown  sufficient- 
ly to  attract  ])hysieians,  one  was  called  from 
there  to  attend  important  cases  of  surgical 
injuries,  and  as  highways  were  o]iened  and 
the  settlers  inerea.'^ed  in  wealth,  the  most 
thriving  of  them  would  send  for  the  city 
doctor  in  othei'  serit)us  illness.  This  practice 
has  continued  even  to  our  time. 


AN    OLU-TIJIK    DOCTOll. 

Su('h  were  the  primitive  means  and 
methods  of  medication  in  Camden  County  at 
the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth  century, 
when  John  Estaugb,  arriving  from  England, 
married,  in  1702,  Elizabeth  Iladdon,  the 
founder  of  Haddonfield.  vVlthough  not  a 
physician,  he  "  had  some  skill  in  chemistry 
and  medicine,"  and  made  himself  useful  in 
his  neighborhood,  especially  by  his  attend- 
ance upon  the  poor.  His  first  residence 
was  upon  the  south  side  of  Coopers  Creek, 
about  four  miles  from  Camden,   but  in   1713 


lie  removed  to  the    vicinity  of  Haddonfield, 
where  he  died  in  1 742. 

The  permission  to  [irai^tice  medicine  was  a 
jirerogative  that  belonged  to  the  crown,  under 
English  law,  and  when  a  (charter  was  granted 
in  1  ()(!-!,  to  the  Puke  of  York  for  the  prov- 
ince of  iN'ew  .lersey,  this  {)rerogative,  im- 
plied or  expressed,  was  granted  to  him  and  to 
his  successors  in  the  persons  of  the  (iover- 
uors.  On  March  f),  170(5,  Ciovcrnor  diehard 
Fngolsby,  at  Burlington,  issued  the  following 
license:  "To  Richard  kSmith,  (lentlcman, 
greeting  ;  Hcing  well  informed  of  your  knowl- 
edge, skill  and  judgment  in  the  practice  of 
ehirurgery  and  j)hesig,  T  do  hereby  license  and 
authorizes  you  to  practice  the  said  sciences  of 
(shirnrgery  and  phesig  within  this  her  Majes- 
tys  province  of  New  -lersty,  for  and  during 
pleasure."  On  May  21,  i70(),  a  similrtr 
license  was  granted  to  Nathaniel  AA'ade. ' 
In  1772  the  New  JcM-sey  State  Medical 
Soeiety  priu^ured  the  ])assage  of  an  act,  limit- 
ed to  five  years,  which  provided  that  all 
applicants  to  [)ractiiv  medicine  in  the  State 
shall  be  examined  by  two  judges  of  the 
Supreme  C\)urt  (they  calling  to  their  assistance 
any  skilled  physician  or  surgeon),  to  whom 
they  may  issue  a  certificate.  This  law  was 
re-enacted  in  1784,  and  eontinuetl  in  force 
until  181 6,  when  a  new  charter  granted  to 
the  State  society  transferred  the  power  of 
licensure  to  it. 

The  first  record  of  a  physician  in  the 
county  is  in  the  "Town-Hook"  of  Newton 
township,  among  the  minutes  of  a  meeting 
held  on  September  29,  1731.  The  record 
says, — "and  to  pay  themselves  ye  sum  of 
four  pounds  twelve  shillings  and  two  jwuce 
being  due  to  them  from  the  township  upon 
acet.  of  the  poor,  and  to  pay  Doetr.  Kersay 
for  adnunistg  physit^  to  sd.  Hart. "  The 
person  referred  to  here  was  one  of  the  Drs. 
Kearsley,  of  riiiladelphia.  The  elder,  Dr. 
John  Kearsley,  was  a  native  of  England,  and 

'  Jlon.  John  Clement's  MSS. 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


239 


came  to  this  country  in  1711.  He  was  the 
third  physician  to  settle  and  practice  medi- 
cine in  Philadelphia,  and  was  a  prominent 
and  able  man,  both  as  a  practitioner  and  a 
citizen.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Colonial 
Assembly  and  a  popular  orator.  He  died  in 
1732.  There  was  a  younger  Dr.  Kearsley, 
a  nephew  of  the  first-named,  who  succeeded 
to  his  uncle's  practice.  He  espoused  the 
cause  of  the  proprietors  and  crown  against 
the  rights  of  colonists,  a  proceeding  that 
made  him  very  unpopular,  and  caused  him  to 
be  subjected  to  such  gross  indignities  as  to 
induce  chronic  insanity.  As  Newton  town- 
"ship  then  embraced  the  territory  bordering 
on  the  river-shore  opposite  to  Philadelphia, 
it  is  probable  that  the  practice  of  both  these 
physicians  extended  across  the  river  into  this 
county. 

The  next  notice  of  a  physician  in  Camden 
County  is  to  be  found  in  the  "  Registry  of 
Wills,"  at  Trenton.  Under  the  date  of  1 748 
is  recorded  the  will  of  "  John  Craig,  Doctor 
of  Physick,  of  Haddonfield."  He  evidently 
had  practiced  medicine  there,  but  whence  he 
came  or  how  long  he  lived  there  cannot  now 
be  ascertained.  There  is  no  positive  record 
of  what  were  the  prevalent  diseases  in  early 
times  in  Camden  County.  Small-pox  pre- 
vailed occasionally,  and,  after  the  discovery 
of  inoculation  in  1721,  was  combated  by 
that  method  of  treatment.  Inflammatory 
diseases  were  common  among  a  population 
exposed  to  the  vicissitudes  of  an  unaccus- 
tomed climate.  Dysentery  occurred  in  July 
and  August.  Although  all  the  houses  in 
early  days  were  built  on  the  streams,  there  is 
circumstantial  evidence  to  show  that  malarial 
fevers  were  at  first  infrequent ;  nor  did  they 
become  prevalent  until  considerable  extent 
of  forest  had  been  cleared  away,  and  the 
soil  of  much  new  ground  upturned  by  the 
plough.  The  first  information  on  this  sub- 
ject from  a  professional  source  is  furnished 
by  Peter  Kalm,  a  professor  in  the  University 
ojf  Arbo,  in  Sweden,  who,  by  order  of  the 


Swedish  government,  visited,  among  other 
places,  Gloucester  County  between  1747  and 
1749.  At  Raccoon  (Swedesboro')  he  found 
that  fever  and  ague  was  more  common  than 
other  diseases.  It  showed,  the  same  charac- 
teristics as  are  found  to-day.  It  was  quotid- 
ian, tertian  and  quartan,  and  prevailed  in 
autumn  and  winter,  and  in  low  places  more 
than  in  high  ones ;  some  years  it  was  preva- 
lent throughout  the  county  (Camden  County 
was  then  included  in  it),  while  in  others 
there  would  be  but  very  few  cases.  The 
remedies  then  employed  to  overcome  it  were 
Jesuit's  (Peruvian)  bark,  bark  of  the  yellow 
poplar  and  root  of  the  dog- wood.  Pleurisy 
was  also  very  common,  and  was  fatal  with 
old  people.  Under  this  name  were  classed 
many  cases  of  pneumonia,  a  disease  not  then 
well  understood. 

In  1771  Kesiah  Tonkins,  widow  of  Joseph, 
who  died  in  1765,  lived  on  a  farm  between 
Camden  and  Gloucester  City,  known  as  the 
"  Mickle  estate."  Between  that  date  and 
1776  she  married  Dr.  Benjamin  Vanleer, 
who  lived  with  her  on  this  place.  She  was 
the  daughter  of  Joseph  Ellis,  of  Newton 
township.  It  is  supposed  that  Dr.  Vanleer 
practiced  in  the  surrounding  country,  as  he 
took  an  active  part  in  the  affairs  of  the  peo- 
ple, being  one  of  a  "  Committee  of  Corre- 
spondence "  for  Gloucester  County  in  the  year 
1775,  in  relation  to  the  troubles  between 
the  colonies  and  the  mother  government. 
He  was  a  man  of  fashion,  dressed  in  the 
Continental  style,  with  knee-breeches,  and 
was  proud  of  his  "  handsome  leg."  He  did 
not  remain  long  in  New  Jersey.  A  Dr. 
Benjamin  Vanleer  residing,  in  1783,  on 
Water  Street,  between  Race  and  Vine,  Phil- 
adelphia, is  supposed  to  be  the  same  person. 

Although  this  history  is  confined  to  that 
portion  of  Gloucester  which  is  now  Camden 
County,  yet  Dr.  Thomas  Hendry,  of  Wood- 
bury, ought  to  be  classed  among  its  physi- 
cians, because  his  field  of  practice  included 
this  section,  and  for  the  reason  that  his  de- 


240 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NP]W  JERSEY. 


scendants  became  practitioners  in  it.  He 
was  born  in  1747,  in  Burlington  County,  of 
English  parentage,  his  mother's  name  being 
Bowman,  from  whom  her  son  received  his 
surname.  He  served  in  the  Revolutionary 
War,  being  commissioned  superintendent  of 
hospital  April  3,  1777;  surgeon  Third  Bat- 
talion, Gloucester.  "  Testimonials  from  Gen- 
eral Dickinson  and  General  Heard,  certifying 
that  Dr.  Hendry  had  served  as  a  surgeon  to 
a  brigade  of  militia,  that  he  had  acted  as  a 
director  and  superintendent  of  a  hospital,  and 
recommending  that  he  should  be  allowed  a 
compensation  adequate  to  such  extraordinary 
services,  was  read  and  referred  to  the  hon'- 
ble  Congress."  He  took  an  active  part  in 
political  affairs,  and  was  once  clerk  of  the 
county.     He  died  September  12,  1822. 

The  next  physician  in  Camden  County 
was  Dr.  Benjamin  H.  Tallman,  who  prac- 
ticed in  Haddonfield.  He  probably  located 
there  about  1786,  the  year  in  which  he  was 
licensed  to  practice  in  New  Jersey.  From 
the  year  1788  to  1793  he  was  the  township 
physician,  as  it  appears  that  in  each  of  those 
years  he  was  paid  by  it  for  his  services  in 
attending  the  poor.  He  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Friendship  Fire  Company  of 
Haddonfield,  September  6,  1792.  On 
October  4,  1791,  he  read  a  paper  before  the 
College,  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia,  on 
the  sudden  effects  of  an  effusion  of  cold 
water  in  a  case  of  tetanus.  He  died  about 
1796. 

Cotemporary  with  the  above-named  phy- 
sician was  Dr.  Evan  Clement.  He  was  the 
son  of  Samuel  Clement,  who  married  Beulah 
Evans  in  1758.  They  had  two  children, 
Samuel  and  Evan."^  The  latter  was  born  in 
Haddonfield,  but  the  exact  date  is  not  known, 
neither  is  there  any  record  of  when  or  where 
he  studied  medicine.  He  married,  April  8, 
1795,  Anna,  daughter  of  James  and  Eliza- 
beth Wills,  and  lived  in  the  brick  house  at 

1  Hon.  John  Clement's  MSS. 


the  corner  of  Main  and  Ellis  Streets,  re- 
cently purchased  and  taken  down  by  Alfred 
W.  Clement.  Dr.  Clement  was  in  practice 
there  in  1794,  and  died  in  1798.  He  was 
the  first  native  of  the  county  to  adopt  the 
profession  of  medicine  and  practice  it  in  his 
native  place. 

It  is  a  noteworthy  circumstance  that  for  a 
hundred  years  after  the  settlement  of  the 
county  no  one  born  in  it  had  studied  medi- 
cine. The  poorer  classes  were  unable  to 
procure  the  means  for  acquiring  the  requisite 
education,  while  the  wealthier  ones  altogether 
neglected  it.  It  is  true  that  prior  to  the  found- 
ingof  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1765,  ' 
the  only  means  of  obtaining  a  knowledge  of 
medicine  was  either  to  pursue  a  course  ot 
study  under  some  competent  physician,  where 
the  student  was  apt  to  be  considered  half  a 
servant,  or  else  by  attendance  at  a  medical 
school  in  England.  The  prospects  of  pro- 
fessional or  pecuniary  success  in  the  county 
were  not  flattering.  But  in  addition  to  this, 
there  was  a  sentiment  in  this  community 
unfriendly  to  the  medical  profession  as  a 
calling.  In  sickness  the  ministrations  of 
friends  and  relatives,  with  their  teas  and 
potions,  and  the  quack  remedies  of  popular 
charlatans,  who  flourished  then  as  well  as 
now,  were  deemed  sufficient.  If,  after  this 
medication,  the  patient  died,  it  was  attributed 
to  a  "  wise  dispensation  of  Providence."  The 
midwives  were  considered  to  be  adequate  to 
manage  obstetrical  cases.  There  still  lingered 
among  the  people  the  tradition  of  their 
English  ancestors,  that  the  red  and  white 
striped  pole  was  the  sign  of  the  combined 
office  of  barber  and  surgeon.  These  preju- 
dices found  expression  in  two  diametrically 
opposite  opinions.  The  stout,  robust  farmer 
and  the  active  and  alert  merchant  and  me- 
chanic looked  with  contempt  upon  a  youth 
who  had  aspirations  for  the  life  of  a  physi- 
cian as  one  who  was  too  lazy  to  work.  The 
women,  whose  remembrances  of  the  midnight 
ride  of  the  doctor  through  rains  and  snow 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


241 


and  chilling  winds,  thought  the  hardships 
and  exposure  too  great  for  their  brothers  and 
sons.  These  prejudices  passed  away  but 
slowly. 

Dr.  John  Blackwood,  who  began  his  pro- 
fessional career  in  Haddonfield,  became  the 
successor  of  Dr.  Evan  Clement,  not  only  by 
succeeding  to  his  practice,  but  by  marrying 
his  widow  in  1799.  He  was  the  son  of 
Joseph  and  Rebecca  Blackwood,  and  was 
born  at  Black woodtown,  July  28, 1772.  His 
wife  was  a  member  of  Friends'  Meeting,  but 
was  disowned  for  marrying  out  of  it.  Dr. 
Blackwood  remained  but  a  short  time  in 
Haddonfield.  He  removed  to  Mount  Holly, 
where  he  became  prominent  in  public  affairs, 
serving  at  one  time  as  postmaster  and  also  as 
judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  and 
Orphans'  Court  of  Burlington  County.'  He 
died  in  Mount  Holly  March  16,  1840. 

Up  to  the  close  of  the  eighteenth  century 
Haddonfield  may  be  considered  as  having 
been  the  medical  centre  of  the  territory  of 
Camden  County.  It  was  not  only  the  oldest 
town  in  it,  but  it  was  the  third  oldest  in  the 
State.  All  the  physicians  who  had  practiced 
within  the  limits  of  the  county  had  either 
lived  in  Haddonfield  or  Newton  township, 
of  which  it  was  the  seat  of  authority.  For 
nearly  half  a  century  later  it  still  retained 
its  pre-eminence,  until  the  growth  of  Cam- 
den, and  its  becoming  the  seat  of  justice  for 
the  county,  transferred  the  supremacy  to  the 
latter. 

In  more  recent  times  Haddonfield  has  had 
the  doubtful  honor  of  being  the  seat  of  one 
of  the  notorious  John  Buchanan's  (of  Phila- 
delphia) bogus  medical  colleges.  Between 
1870  and  1880  the  doctor  owned  a  farm  on 
the  Clement's  Bridge  road,  about  four  toiles 
from  the  place,  upon  which  he  spent  a  por- 
tion of  his  time.  During  this  period  diplo- 
mas of  the  mythical  "  University  of  Medi- 
cine and  Surgery    of  Haddonfield,  N.  J.," 

1  S.  Wickea'  History  of  Medicine  in  New  Jersey. 


were  offered  for  sale  by  his  agents  in  Eu- 
rope. 

The  period  now  being  considered  was  a 
transition  one  for  the  nation,  which  was  then 
being  developed  from  the  former  colonies, 
through  a  confederation  of  independent 
States,  into  a  great  empire.  The  science  and 
practice  of  medicine  here  participated  in  this 
change.  At  this  time  there  appeared  in 
Camden  County  a  physician,  who  was  des- 
tined to  be  its  Hippocrates  for  forty  years, 
and  whose  memory,  though  dead  for  half  a 
century,  is  still  preserved  green  in  the  farm- 
houses and  hamlets  of  this  county.  This 
was  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry,  son  of  Dr.  Thos. 
Hendry,  of  Woodbury. 

Dr.  Bowman  Hendry  was  born  October  1, 
1773.  He  was-  educated  at  the  Woodbury 
Academy,  pursuing  his  studies  under  a  Mr. 
Hunter,  a  classical  scholar  and  a  man  of 
high  literary  attainments.  At  the  age  of 
seventeen  he  commenced  the  study  of  medi- 
cine, under  the  preceptorship  of  his  father, 
and  then  attended  lectures  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  residing,  as  a  pupil,  in  the 
house  of  Dr.  DufReld.  When  about  twenty 
years  of  age,  and  still  a  student,  the  Whiskey 
Insurrection  broke  out  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
troops  being  called  out  for  its  suppression, 
young  Hendry  joined  the  ranks  as  a  private 
soldier,  and  marched  with  them  to  Lancas- 
ter. The  influence  of  his  father,  with  Pro- 
fessor James,  the  surgeon  of  the  troops,  se- 
cured his  release  from  the  ranks,  a  prema- 
ture examination  at  the  University,  which  he 
successfully  passed,  and  his  appointment  as 
assistant  surgeon  of  the  troops.  This  was  a 
bloodless  war,  and  soon  ended.  Dr.  Hendry 
now  began  to  look  around  for  a  field  for 
practice,  finally  selecting  Haddonfield.  He 
began  his  active  life  as  a  physician  in  1794, 
and  upon  the  death  of  Doctors  Tallman  and 
Clement,  and  the  removal  of  Dr.  Blackwood 
to  Mount  Holly,  he  became  the  only  doctor 
in  the  place.  His  practice  now  increased 
very  rapidly,  and  stretched  over  a  large  ex- 


242 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


tent  of  territory,  extending  from  the  Dela- 
ware River  to  the  sea-shore,  a  distance  of 
sixty  miles.  He  was  a  man  of  indefatigable 
industry  and  indomitable  perseverance  in  the 
pursuit  of  his  calling.  Kind-hearted  and  gen- 
erous, he  possessed  that  suaviter  in  re  which 
won  the  affection  of 'his  patrons.  Many  are 
the  anecdotes  that  are  recorded  of  him. 

For  fifteen  years  he  made  his  visits  on 
horseback,  having  no  carriage.  At  length 
he  procured  at  a  vendue  an  old  sulky,  which 
was  only  an  ordinary  chair  placed  upon 
wooden  springs,  without  a  top  to  protect  him 
from  the  sun  or  rain.  The  price  paid  for  the 
vehicle  and  harness  was  thirty  dollars.  An 
old  "  Friend  "  witnessing  this  extravagance, 
remarked,  "  Doctor,  I  fear  thee  is  too  fast  in 
making  this  purchase.  Thee  will  not  be 
able  to  stand  it,  and  make  thy  income  meet 
thy  expenses."  This  gives  us  an  idea  of  the 
life  of  a  physician  in  those  days,  and  of  the 
value  of  his  services  in  the  public  estima- 
tion. In  his  journeys  through  the  "  Pines  " 
on  the  Atlantic  slope  he  would  sometimes 
become  lost  at  night,  and  be  compelled  to 
sleep  in  the  woods,  tying  his  horse  to  a  tree. 
He  was  always  prompt  to  answer  every  call, 
no  matter  whether  the  patient  was  rich  or 
poor,  and  being  a  furious  driver,  he  had  been 
known,  in  cases  of  emergency,  to  break  down 
a  good  horse  in  his  hurry  to  quickly  reach 
the  bedside,  and  that,  too,  in  a  case  where  he 
knew  that  he  would  not  receive  any  pay  for 
his  services.  It  has  been  estimated  that,  in 
the  course  of  forty  years,  he  wore  out  over 
two  hundred  horses.  He  risked  his  life  and 
gave  his  services  in  all  cases.  A  family  of 
negroes,  living  seven  miles  from  Haddon- 
field,  were  attended  by  him  for  typhus  fever, 
and,  although  warned  that  they  were  vaga- 
bonds, thieves  and  utterly  worthless,  yet  he 
not  only  continued  his  visits,  but  gave  them 
medicine  and  sent  them  provisions  from  a 
neighboring  store. 

Not^vithstanding  the  arduous  duties  of 
such  an  extensive  private  practice.  Dr.  Hen- 


dry found  time  to  attend  to  public  duties. 
For  many  years  he  had  charge  of  the  Glou- 
cester County  Almshouse.  He  served  as 
surgeon  of  Captain  J.  B.  Cooper's  volunteer 
cavalry  in  1805,  formed  from  the  young  men 
of  Haddonfield  and  Woodbury.  He  took 
an  active  part  in  religious  affairs.  He  was  a 
member  and  vestryman  of  St.  Mary's  Pro- 
testant Episcopal  Church,  Colestown,  until 
its  congregation  was  drawn  away  from  it  by 
the  building  of  new  churches  in  the  growing 
towns  of  Moorestown  and  Camden.  Dr. 
Hendry  was  one  of  the  originators  of  St. 
Paul's  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  Cam- 
den, and  was  chairman  of  the  first  meeting 
held  in  the  city  hall,  in  that  city,  March  12, 
1830,  whereat  the  organisation  of  this  church 
was  completed.  At  this  meeting  he  was 
elected  one  of  its  vestrymen . 

Dr.  Hendry  was  a  physician  of  great  abil- 
ity, and  one  who  kept  pace  with  the  growth 
of  knowledge  in  his  profession.  He  stood 
pre-eminent  in  this  county,  both  as  a  physi- 
cian and  surgeon,  and  his  services  as  a  con- 
sultant were  in  frequent  request.  He  pos- 
sessed those  magnetic  personal  attributes 
which  endeared  him  to  the  people  to  such  an 
extent,  that  when  his  barn,  horses  and  equip- 
ments were  destroyed  by  an  incendiary  fire, 
they  raised  a  subscription  for  him  and 
quickly  rebuilt  the  building  and  replaced  the 
destroyed  personal  property.  With  these  he 
combined  the  sterling  qualities  of  the  true 
physician.  No  doctor  in  this  county  has 
done  more  to  elevate  the  practice  of  medicine 
from  a  trade  to  a  profession.  By  his  exam- 
ple he  taught  this  community  that  there  was 
attached  to  it  a  philanthropy  and  a  benevo- 
lence that  widely  separates  it  from  other  oc- 
cupations, and,  by  dying  a  poor  man,  when 
so  many  opportunities  offered  to  secure  gain, 
he  illustrated  the  fact  that  the  services  of 
such  men  cannot  be  measured  by  money. 

Dr.  Hendry  married,  June  7,  1798,  Eliz- 
abeth, daughter  of  Dr.  Charles  Duffield,  of 
Philadelphia,  and  had  seven  daughters  and 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


243 


two  sons, — Charles  H.  and  Bowman  Hendry, 
both  physicians  in  Camden  County. 

Cotemporary  with  the  early  portion  of  Dr. 
Hendry's  career,  and  located  at  Colestown, 
three  miles  distant  from  him,  was  Dr.  Sam- 
uel Bloomfield,  who  lived  in  a  small  hip-roof 
frame  house  on  the  road  from  Haddonfield 
to  Moorestown,  just  north  of  the  church. 
This  house  was  torn  down  a  few  years  since. 
Dr.  Bloomfield,  born  in  1756,  was  the  second 
son  of  Dr.  Moses  Bloomfield,  of  Woodbridge, 
N.  J.,  and  younger  brother  of  Joseph,  who 
became  Governor  of  New  Jersey.  In  1790 
the  doctor  applied  for  admission  to  the  State 
Society,  but  did  not  press  his  application, 
and  his  name  was  dropped.  It  is  not  known 
how  long  he  followed  his  profession  here, 
but  his  practice  must  have  been  limited  in 
consequence  of  his  convivial  habits,  and  the 
great  popularity  of  his  competitor.  He  died 
in  1806,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Mary's^ 
Churchyard,  now  Colestown  Cemetery. 
Two  of  his  sons  who  survived  him  fell  in 
the  War  of  1812. 

There  is  no  record  of  any  physician  hav- 
ing settled  in  Camden  prior  to  the  nineteenth 
century.  Its  proximity  to  Philadelphia 
seems  to  have  made  the  village  dependent 
upon  its  neighbor  for  its  medical  attendance. 
It  is  probable  that  some  doctor  may  have 
attempted  to  practice  there  for  a  short  time, 
but,  not  succeeding,  moved  away,  leaving  no 
trace  behind  him,  not  even  as  much  as  did  a 
Dr.  Ellis,  who,  in  1809,  had  an  office  on 
Market  Street,  above  Second.  The  only  fact 
preserved  of  him  is  that  in  this  year  he 
dressed  the  wounded  forearm  of  a  child,  but 
first  bled  the  patient  in  the  other  arm  before 
binding  up  the  wound,  yet  the  child  recovered. 
Dr.  Samuel  Harris  was  the  first  physician 
to  settle  permanently  in  Camden.  As  he 
was  the  connecting  link  between  the  old- 
fashioned  practitioners  of  the  la,st  century  and 
the  association  known  as  the  Camden  County 


Medical  Society  he  is  worthy  of  especial 
consideration.  His  father  was  Dr.  Isaac 
Harris,  born  in  1741,  who  studied  medicine 
and  practiced  near  Quibbletown,  Piscataway 
township,  Middlesex  County,  N.  J.  From 
there  he  removed  to  Pittsgrove,  Salem 
County,  about  1771.  Here  he  pursued  his 
profession  successfully  for  many  years,  and 
died  in  1808.  He  possessed  a  good  medical 
library.  While  a  resident  in  Middlesex  he 
was  one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  organization 
of  the  New  Jersey  State  Medical  Societv, 
being  the  sixth  signer  to  the  "  Instruments 
of  Association,"  and  became  its  president  in 
1792.  In  the  Revolutionary  War  he  was 
commissioned  surgeon  of  General  New- 
combe's  brigade.  His  brother.  Dr.  Jacob 
Harris,  also  a  surgeon  in  the  same  army, 
dressed  the  wounds  of  Count  Donop,  the 
Hessian  commander,  who  was  defeated  and 
mortally  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Red  Bank, 
and  who  died  in  an  adjacent  farm-house.^ 
Another  brother.  Dr.  Benjamin  Harris, 
practiced  and  died  in  Pittsgrove.  Dr.  Isaac 
Harris  had  two  wives.  The  first  was  Mar- 
garet Pierson,  of  Morris  or  Essex  County  ; 
the  second,  Anna,  daughter  of  Alexander 
Moore,  of  Bridgeton,  Cumberland  County. 
By  the  first  he  had  four  children  ;  one,  Isaac 
Jr.,  studied  medicine  and  practiced  in  Sa- 
lem County.  By  the  second  wife  he  had  nine 
children,  one  of  whom,  Samuel,  is  now  under 
consideration. 

Dr.  Samuel  Harris  was-  born  January  6, 
1781.  He  studied  medicine  with  his  father. 
It  is  said  that  he  attended  medical  lectures 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  but  his 
name  does  not  appear  in  the  list  of  graduates 
of  that  institution.  He  began  the  practice 
of  medicine  in  Philadelphia,  at  the  northeast 
corner  of  Fourth  Street  and  Willing's  Alley, 
but  indorsing  for  a  relative,  he  lust  all  his 
property.  He  then  determined  to  settle  in 
Camden,  and  grow  up  with  the  place.     He 


1  Hon.  John  Clement's  MSS. 


2  Wicke's  History  of  Medicine  in  New  Jersey. 


244 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


located  in  1811  in  the  old  brick  building  on 
Cooper  Street,  above  Front.  While  he  prac- 
ticed medicine  in  Camden  he  still  retained 
some  of  his  patients  in  Philadelphia,  and  to 
visit  them  was  compelled  to  cross  the  river 
in  a  row-boat,  the  only  means  of  crossing  at 
that  time.  In  1825  he  purchased  the  large 
rough-cast  house  at  the  southeast  corner  of 
Second  and  Cooper  Streets,  which  had  been 
built  by  Edward  Sharp.  Here  he  kept  his 
office  and  a  small  stock  of  drugs,  it  being  at 
that  time  the  only  place  in  Camden  where 
medicine  could  be  purchased.  Dr.  Harris 
was  a  polished  gentleman  and  a  man  of 
ability,  and  had  a  large  practice  in  the  town 
and  in  the  surrounding  country.  He  held 
to  the  religious  faith  of  the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church,  and  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  St.  Paul's  Church  in  1830,  and  was  a 
vestryman  in  it  until  his  death.  Dr.  Harris 
married  Anna,  daughter  of  John  and  Keziah 
Kay,  and  granddaughter  of  Captain  Joseph 
Thorne,  of  the  army  of  the  Revolution. 
He  died  November  26,  1843,  and  is  buried 
in  Newtown  Cemetery.  His  widow  died 
July  16,  1868.  He  had  no  children.  He 
bequeathed  his  estate,  which  was  large,  to  his 
adopted  daughter  and  wife's  niece,  Miriam 
Kay  Clement  (now  wife  of  Dr.  Charles  D. 
Maxwell,  United  States  Navy),  to  niece 
Harriet  (wife  of  Colonel  Robert  M.  Arm- 
strong), to  niece  Anna  M.  (wife  of  Richard 
Wells)  and  to  niece  Eliza  T.  (wife  of  Rev. 
Thomas  Ammerman). 

Tn  1812  Dr.  Francis  Hover  settled  in 
Camden,  but  remained  only  a  short  time. 
He  was  a  native  of  Salem  County  and 
received  his  license  to  practice  medicine  June 
4,  1794.  He  began  his  professional  career 
in  his  native  town  ;  from  thence  he  removed 
to  near  Swedesboro',  and  then  to  Camden. 
From  the  latter  place  he  returned  to  Swedes- 
boro'. In  1821  he  changed  his  residence  to 
Smyrna,  Kent  County,  Del.,  where  he  died 
May  29,  1832.^ 
'  S.  Wickes'  History  of  M  edicine  in  New  Jersey. 


For  a  few  years  Dr.  John  A.  Elkinton  was 
a  co-laborer  with  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry  in 
Haddonfield.  He  was  a  native  of  Port 
Elizabeth,  Cumberland  County,  N.  J.,  born 
October  19, 1801,  and  was  the  son  of  John 
and  Rhoda  Elkinton.  Selecting  the  pro- 
fession of  medicine,  he  attended  lectures  at 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  from  which 
he  graduated  in  1822.  He  commenced  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  Haddonfield,  where 
he  remained  until  1828.  Being  an  energetic 
and  active  man,  this  country  place  did  not 
offer  a  wide  enough  field  for  him,  so  he 
removed  to  Manayunk,  a  suburb  of  Philadel- 
phia, where  he  resided  for  a  short  time. 
In  the  same  year  he  moved  into  the  city, 
where  he  continued  in  his  profession.  In 
the  year  1832  he  took  an  active  part  in 
combating  the  epidemic  of  cholera.  He  like- 
wise became  interested  in  public  affairs.  For 
many  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Board  of  Health.  In  1838  he  was 
the  projector  of  the  Monument  Cemetery  in 
that  city,  and  owned  the  ground  upon  which 
it  was  laid  out.  Afterward  he  was  elected 
an  alderman,  when  he  gradually  relinquished 
the  practice  of  medicine.  On  October  5, 
1 830,  he  married  Ann  De  Lamater.  He  died, 
December  15,1853. 

Dr.  Edward  Edwards  Gough  practiced 
medicine  in  Tansboro'  between  1826  and 
1835.  He  was  a  native  of  Shropshire,  P]ng- 
land,  in  which  country  he  acquired  some 
knowledge  of  medicine.  In  1824  he  lived  in 
Philadelphia,  and  there  he  married  his  wife, 
Elizabeth  Dick.  In  1826  he  settled  in 
Tansboro',  and  commenced  the  practice  of 
medicine,  his  visits  extending  throughout  the 
surrounding  country.  While  living  there  he 
attended  medical  lectures  at  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  but  he  never  graduated. 
He  died  in  Tansboro'  in  1835.  His  widow 
is  still  living,  in  Indiana. 

Camden  County  Medical  Society. — 
Between  the  years  1844  and  1846  the  phy- 
sicians of  Camden  County  began  to  feel  the 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


245 


need  of  a  closer  union.  Scattered  as  they 
were,  they  but  occasionally  met ;  sometimes 
they  would  pass  each  other  on  the  road  ; 
sometimes,  where  their  practices  overlapped, 
they  would  meet  each  other  at  a  patient's 
house  in  mutual  consultation.'  To  accom- 
plish this  desired  object,  a  petition  was  drawn 
up  and  signed  by  the  legal  practitioners  in 
the  county  for.  presentation  to  the  New  Jer- 
sey State  Medical  Society,  asking  for  author- 
ity to  organize  a  society.  As  the  law  then 
stood,  no  one  was  legally  qualified  to  practice 
medicine,,  or  capable  of  joining  a  medical  so- 
ciety in  New  Jersey,  unless  he  had  passed  an 
examination  before  a  board  of  censors  of  the 
State  Society,  and  received  a  license  signed  by 
the  board. 

.  In  the  year  1846  the  State  Society  met  at 
New  Brunswick.  The  petition  of  the  phy- 
sicians in  Camden  County  being  laid  before 
it,  they  issued  a  commission,  dated  May  12, 
1846,  authorizing  the  following  legally  qual- 
ifie<l  persons  to  form  a  society,  namely :  Drs. 
Jacob  P.  Thornton  and  Charles  D.  Hendry, 
of  Haddonfield ;  Dr.  James  C.  Risley,  of 
Berlin  ;  and  Drs.  Richard  M.  Cooper,  Oth- 
niel  H.  Taylor  and  Isaac  S.  Mulford,  of 
Camden.  In  accordance  with  this  authority, 
the  above-named  gentlemen,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  Dr.  Mulford,  who  was  detained  by 
sickness,  met  at  the  hotel  of  Joseph  C. 
Shivers,  in  Haddonfield,  on  August  14, 
1846,  and  organized  a  society  uuder  the 
title  of  "  The  District  Medical  Society  of  the 
County  of  Camden,  in  the  State  of  New 
Jersey."  Dr.  James  C.  Risley  was  elected 
president ;  Dr.  Othniel  H.  Taylor,  vice-pres- 
ident ;  Dr.  Richard  M.  Cooper,  secretary,  and 
Dr.  Jacob  P.  Thornton,  treasurer.  A  con- 
stitution and  by-laws  were  adopted  similar  to 
those  of  the  State  Society.  At  this  meeting 
Drs.  Thornton,  Hendry,  Taylor  and  Cooper 
were  elected  delegates  to  the  State  Society. 
A  notice  of  the  formation  of  the  society  was 

iDr.  R.  M.  Cboper'sMSS.,  History  of  Camden  County 
Society. 
31 


ordered  to  be  published  in  the  county  news- 
papers. 

Haddonfield  was  thus  honored  by  having 
the  first  medical  society  in  the  county  organ- 
ized within  its  limits.  The  rules  of  the 
State  Society  directed  that  county  societies 
should  hold  their  meetings  at  the  county-seat, 
yet  Haddonfield  was  not  the  seat  of  justice. 
The  county  of  Camden  had,  in  1844,  been 
set  oif  from  Gloucester  County,  and  the 
courts  of  law  were  held  in  Camden,  and  the 
public  records  kept  there,  but  the  county- 
town  had  not  been  selected.  The  Legisla- 
ture had  authorized  au  election  to  decide 
upon  a  permanent  place  for  the  public  build- 
ings. The  people  were  divided  upon  the 
subject.  A  most  violent  opposition  had 
sprung  up  in  the  townships  against  their 
location  in  Camden,  the  majority  of  the 
people  of  the  former  desiring  them  to  be 
built  at  Long-a-coming  (now  Berlin).  It 
was  during  this  contest  that  the  society  or- 
ganized, and  Drs.  Hendry  and  Risley,  who 
had  charge  of  the  petition,  had  inserted  in 
the  commission  the  name  of  Haddonfield. 
The  second  meeting,  which  had  been  left 
subject  to  the  call  of  the  president,  was  also 
held  in  Haddonfield  on  March  30,  1847.  At 
this  meeting  Dr.  Mulford  raised  the  question 
of  the  legality  of  the  place  of  meeting,  and 
a  committee  was  thereupon  appointed  to  lay 
the  matter  before  the  State  Society,  who  de^ 
cided  that  these  meetings,  although  irregular, 
were  not  illegal,  as  the  county-seat  had  not 
yet  been  definitely  fixed)  but  directed  that 
hereafter  the  meetings  should  be  held  in  Cam- 
den. 

The  third  meeting  of  the  society  was  a 
special  one,  called  by  the  president,  and  was 
held  on  June  15,  1847,  at  English's  Hotel, 
which  was  situated  at  the  northeast  corner  of 
Cooper  and  Point  Streets,  a  building  which 
has  since  been  torn  down  and  dwellings 
erected  upon  the  site.  At  this  time  it  was 
decided  to  hold  semi-annual  meetings :  the 
annual  one  on  the  third  Tuesday  in  June, 


246 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


and  the  serai-annual  on  the  third  Tuesday 
in  December.  These  were  always  punctually 
held  until  1852,  when,  upon  the  motion  of 
Dr.  A.  D.  WoodruiF,  of  Haddonfield,  the 
semiannual  meeting  in  December  was  dis- 
continued. On  June  18,  1867,  Dr.  R.  M. 
Cooper,  chairman  of  the  committee  on  by- 
laws, reported  that  the  State  Society  having 
changed  their  day  of  assembling  from  Jan- 
uary to  the  third  Tuesday  in  May,  it  would 
necessitate  the  election  of  delegates  to  that 
society  eleven  months  before  it  met.  The 
Camden  County  Society  then  changed  the 
time  of  the  animal  meeting  from  June  to  the 
second  Tuesday  in  May,  and  this  rule  still 
continues.  For  twenty  years  the  semi-annual 
meetings  had  been  discontinued,  when,  in 
May,  1873,  Dr.  N.  B.  Jennings,  of  Had- 
donfield, moved  that  they  should  be  resumed. 
This  was  approved,  and  the  second  Tuesday 
in  November  named  as  the  time  for  holding 
them.  As  the  society  increased  in  numbers 
and  its  proceedings  became  more  interesting, 
the  propriety  of  holding  more  frequent  meet- 
ings began  to  be  discussed,  until,  in  1884, 
Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  of  Camden,  proposed 
a  third  meeting,  on  the  second  Tuesday  in 
February  of  each  year.  This  was  adopted 
in  the  succeeding  year. 

At  this,  the  third  stated  meeting  of  the 
society,  in  1847,  a  resolution  was  passed  that 
caused  great  excitement  in  the  city  and  coun- 
ty of  Camden.     It  read  as  follows : 

"  Resolved,  That  the  names  of  all  the  regularly 
licensed  practitioners  in  Camden  County  be  pub- 
lished in  one  of  the  papers  of  the  county,  to- 
gether with  the  twelfth  section  of  the  law  incor- 
porating the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey." 

This  law  imposed  a  fine  and  imprison- 
ment upon  any  one  practicing  medicine  in 
the  State  without  a  license  from  the  State 
Society.  The  insertion  of  this  in  a  county 
paper  caused  the  gravest  anxiety  among  the 
few  irregular  practitioners  and  their  patrons, 
and  provoked  from  Dr.  Lorenzo  F.  Fisler  a 
long  communication   in  the  Camden  Demo- 


oarat.  Dr.  Fisler,  who  had  been  practicing 
medicine  in  Camden  since  1837,  had  not 
joined  in  organizing  the  County  Medical 
Society,  nor  had  he  taken  any  part  in  it.  He 
was  a  man  of  more  than  ordinary  ability, 
active  in  public  affairs  and  was  at  one  time 
mayor  of  the  city.  He  was  a  writer  of 
considerable  force.  He  took  umbrage  at  be- 
ing inferentially  placed  in  the  illegal  class, 
claiming  that  he  had  passed  his  examination 
before  the  board  of  censors  of  Salem  County 
in  1825,  and  had  received  their  certificate 
therefor,  but  had  never  presented  it  to  the 
State  Society  for  a  license,  and  that  the  doc- 
ument had  been  mislaid  or  lost.  Upon  this 
the  Camden  County  Society  made  inquiry  of 
Dr.  Charles  Hannah,  of  the  board  of  censors 
of  Salem  County.  He  replied  that  he  had 
been  a  member  of  every  l)oard  that  had  ever 
met  in  the  county,  and  that  Dr.  Fisler  had 
never  received  a  license  from  it.  The  latter 
immediately  went  down  to  Port  Pjlizabeth, 
Cumberland  County,  his  native  place,  and 
among  some  old  papers  of  his  father's  found 
the  missing  certificate,  with  Dr.  Hannah's 
name  among  the  signatures.  After  the  dis- 
covery of  this  document  the  society  held  a 
special  meeting  on  September  2,  1847,  and 
prepared  an  address  to  the  public,  explaining 
their  reasons  for  falling  into  the  error,  and 
disclaiming  any  unfriendly  feeling  towards 
Dr.  Fisler.'  Although  the  doctor  obtained 
the  required  license  from  the  State  Society, 
he  ever  after  held  aloof  from  it,  and  never 
joined  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society. 
In  the  year  1816  the  New  Jersey  State 
Medical  Society  had  obtained  from  the  State 
a  new  charter,  which  gave  them  exclusive 
jurisdiction  over  the  medical  profession  in  it, 
with  a  power  of  license  which  alone  qualified 
a  person  to  legally  practice  medicine.  In  ac- 
cordance with  this  enactment,  the  State  So- 
ciety appointed  boards  of  censors  for  differ- 

iDr.  R.  M.  Cooper' .s  .MSS  ,   History  Camden  County 
Medical  Society. 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


247 


eiit  districts.  It  was  the  duty  of  these 
boards  to  examine  all  applications  for  mem- 
bership in  the  society,  and  also  to  examine 
any  one  desiring  a  license  to  practice,  as  to 
his  professional  qualifications,  and  if  he 
passed  successfully  to  issue  to  him  a  certificate. 
No  one,  not  even  graduates  of  medical  col- 
leges, was  exempt  from  this  examination,  un- 
til the  year  1851,  when  the  Legislature 
passed  an  amendment  to  the  act  of  1816, 
authorizing  the  graduates  of  certain  colleges, 
which  were  named,  to  practice  medicine  in 
New  Jersey  by  merely  exhibiting  their 
diplomas  to  the  president  of  the  State  Society, 
who  thereupon  was  directed  to  give  them  a 
license,  which  was  complete  upon  its  being 
recorded  in  the  clerk's  office  of  the  county 
wherein  the  recipient  intended  to  practice,  and 
upon  the  payment  of  a  fee  of  five  dollars.  Du- 
ring the  period  between  the  organization  of 
the  C^amden  County  Medical  Society  and  the 
passage  of  this  law  its  board  of  censors  ex- 
amined thirteen  physicians,  some  of  whom 
were  to  practice  elsewhere  in  New  Jersey. 
Their  names  were, — 

Examined.  Name.  Location. 

1848.  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry,  Camden  County. 

1848.  Dr.  A.  Dickinson  Woodruff,  Camden  County. 

1848.  Dr.  Daniel  M.  Stout,  Camden  County. 

1848.  Dr.  William  Elmer,       Cumberland  County. 

1848.  Dr.  T.  Barron  Potter,     Cumberland  County. 

1848.  Dr.  Theophilus  Patterson,      Salem  County. 

1848.  Dr.  Edward  J.  Record,         Camden  County. 

1849.  Dr.  Theodore  Varrick,  Hudson  County. 
1849.  Dr.  John  J.  Jessup,              Atlantic  County. 

1849.  Dr.  John  W.  Snowden,  Camden  County. 

1850.  Dr.  Thomas  F.  Cullen,  Camden  County. 
1850.  Dr.  Sylvester  Birdsell,  Camden  County. 
1860.  Dr.  Jacob  Grigg,  Camden  County. 

Another  amendment  was  enacted  by  the 
Legislature  in  1854,  which  permitted  a  grad- 
uate of  any  medical  college  to  practice  medi- 
cine in  the  State  by  merely  filing  his  diplo- 
ma in  the  clerk's  office  of  the  county  in 
which  he  located.  Upon  the  passage  of  this 
law  the  Camden  County  Society  required,  as  an 
eligibility  to  membership,  that  the  applicant 
should  procure  a  diploma  from  the  State  So- 


ciety. This  rule  continued  in  force  until 
1866,  the  centennial  aniversary  of  the  latter 
society,  which  had  the  year  previous  surren- 
dered its  old  charter  and  obtained  a  new  one 
wliich  relinquished  all  powers  of  licensure. 
Since  then  and  up  to  the  present  time  any 
physician,  a  resident  in  the  count_v  one  year, 
may  apply  for  membership  in  the  Camden 
County  Medical  Society.  His  application  is 
referred  to  the  board  of  censors,  who  report 
at  the  next  meeting.  If  he  is  found  to  be 
of  good  moral  character  and  possesses  the 
professional  qualifications  required  by  the 
American  Medical  Association,  he  is  recom- 
mended for  election. 

The  constitution  of  the  society  provided 
that  the  officers  should  be  elected  annually. 
It  was  intended  to  re-elect  yearly  those  who 
were  first  placed  in  office.  Dr.  Risley  was 
continued  as  president  until  a  special  meet- 
ing in  1849,  when  his  office  was  declared  va- 
cant in  consequence  of  a  tardiness  in  settling 
his  financial  accounts  with  the  society.  Al- 
though these  were  afterwards  satisfactorily 
adjusted,  he  withdrew  from  it,  and  Dr.  Isaac 
S.  Mulford  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy. 
Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor,  who  was  the  first  vice- 
president,  and  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper,  the  first 
secretary,  were  continued  until  1850.  Dr. 
Jacob  P.  Thornton  was  the  first  treasurer 
but  he  does  not  appear  to  have  attended  the 
meetings  regularly,  and  in  1848  Dr.  Cooper 
was  elected  to  fill  his  place.  At  the  meeting 
lield  in  June,  1850,  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry 
moved  that  the  president  and  vice-president 
be  eligible  for  election  for  only^two  years  in 
succession  and  the  by-laws  were  so  amended. 
In  June,  1854,  the  words  "two  (2)  years  in 
succession  "  were  erased  and  "  oue  year " 
substituted.  This  was  done  to  open  the  of- 
fices to  new  and  younger  members  ;  conse- 
quently, since  that  date  these  two  officials 
have  held  their  position  for  one  year,  a  plan 
that  has  proved  to  be  satisfactory  and  still 
continues.  Dr.  Cooper,  the  first  secretary 
and  treasurer,  held  these  offices    until  1852, 


248 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


when  he  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Thomas  F. 
Cullen,  who  occupied  them  for  two  years  ; 
then  Dr.  Richard  C.  Dean  filled  them  from 
1855  to  1857;  Dr.  John  V.  Schenck,  in  1858; 
and  Dr.  Henry  Ackley  from  the  latter  date 
until  1861.     At  this  time  the  society  had  be- 
come a  permanent  institution.     It  had  never 
failed  to  hold  a  meeting  at    the   appointed 
time.     Valuable  medical   and  historical  pa- 
pers were  accumulating  and  the  want  of  a 
suitable  person  who  would  permanently  take 
care  of  them  was  keenly  felt.     It  was  there- 
fore determined  that  while  under  the  consti- 
tution the  secretary  must  be  elected  annually, 
it  would  be  well  to  re-elect  him  so  long  as 
he  should   satisfactorily  perform  his   duties 
and  would  accept  the  office.     Dr.  H.    Genet 
Taylor,  a  young  graduate  in  medicine,   who 
had  joined  the  society  the  year  previous,  was 
elected,  and  has  been  continuously  re-elected, 
faithfully  performing  the  duties  of  his  office 
for  twenty-five  years  up  to  the  present  time. 
During  the  Civil  War  he  was  absent  serving 
his  country  as  surgeon  in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  in  the  years  1862  and  1863,  and  in 
1865  he  was  president  of  the  society,  when 
his  duties  were  performed  by  a  secretary  pro 
tempore.     Dr.  Taylor  was   treasurer  as    well 
as  secretary  until  1 874,  when  tlie  two  offices 
were  separated  and   Dr.   Isaac  B.  Mulford 
was  made  treasurer.     This  he  held  until  his 
death,  in  1882,  when  Dr.  Alexander  Mecray, 
the  present  incumbent,  was  elected  to  fill  the 
vacancy. 

In  a  few  years  after  the  formation  of  the 
society  there  ^arose  a  need  of  collecting  each 
year  the  medical  history  of  the  people  and 
the  hygienic  condition  of  the  county.  At  a 
meeting  held  June  18,  1852,  Dr.  Edward  J. 
Record  made  a  motion  that  a  committee  of 
three  be  appointed  "  to  report  of  the  diseases 
incident  in  the  county  and  also  interesting 
cases  that  may  come  under  their  notice." 
The  committee  were  Drs.  O.  H.  Taylor,  A. 
D.  AVoodruff  and  E.  J.  Record.  At  the 
next  meeting,  in  185S,  the  name  of  "  Stand- 


ing Committee"  was  given  to  it  and  each 
member  was  requested  to  transmit  to  the 
chairman  of  it  any  interesting  cases  occurring 
in  his  practice.  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor  was  its 
first  chairman.  The  members  of  this  com- 
mittee were  frequently  changed,  its  number 
remaining  the  same  until  1875,  when  it 
was  increased  to  five  members.  In  1878 
Dr.  John  W.  Snowden  was  elected  chair- 
man and  has  been  continued  until  now. 

The  Camden  County  Medical  Society  is 
entitled  to  representation  in  the  State  Society 
by  delegates  to  the  number  of  three  at  large, 
and  one  additional  for  every  ten  members. 
It  also  sends  delegates  to  the  American  Med- 
ical Association  and  to  the  neighboring  dis- 
trict societies  in  this  State. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  proceedings  ot 
the  early  days  of  the  society  was  the  ordering, 
in  1851,  of  an  enumeration  of  all  the  physi- 
cians practicing  in  the  county.  The  com- 
mittee appointed  for  that  purpose  reported  at 
the  meeting  held  June  15,  1852,  that  the 
total  number  was  twenty-seven.  Of  these, 
one  was  a  botanical,  or  herb  doctor,  who  was 
not  entitled  to,  nor  did  he  claim,  the  privi- 
leges of  an  educated  physician.  Two  were 
homoeopaths,  one  of  whom  was  a  graduate  of 
a  regular  college,  and  was  a  licentiate  under 
the  law  of  1851.  The  remaining  twenty- 
four  were  graduates  of  accepted  medical  col- 
leges, twenty-two  of  them  holding  licenses 
from  the  State  Society,  although  five  had  ncr 
glected  to  register  their  names  in  the  clerk's 
office,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of 
the  new  law.  The  names  of  all  these  doctors 
have  not  been  preserved.  In  the  year  1872 
another  census  of  the  county  was  taken  by 
direction  of  the  society.  A  report  made  to 
it  at  the  annualnieeting  held  on  the  14th  of 
May,  in  that  year,  stated  that  the  total  num- 
ber of  practicing  physicians  was  fifty-three. 
Of  this  number,  thirty-three  were  "  regular 
graduates,  practicing  as  such,  one  regular, 
but  practicing  homoeopathy  at  times."  There 
were  thirteen  professed  homoeopaths  and  five 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


249 


eclectics.  The  regular  physicians  were  lo- 
cated as  follows :  Twenty-one  in  Camden 
City,  four  in  Haddonfield,  three  in  Black- 
wood, three  in  Gloucester  City,  one  near 
Waterford  and  one  in  Berlin. 

The  Camden  County  Medical  Society  has 
always  taken  an  active  interest  in  such  pub- 
lic affairs  as  legitimately  came  within  its 
province,  and  were  calculated  to  be  of  bene- 
fit to  the  county  or  State,  and  has  never 
failed  to  throw  its  influence  in  behalf  of 
whatever  might  conduce  to  the  public  wel- 
fare. As  early  as  1854  Dr.  John  W.  Snow- 
den  introduced  into  the  society  a  resolution 
"  that  the  delegates  of  this  society  are  hereby 
instructed  to  suggest  at  the  next  meeting  of 
the  State  Society  the  propriety  of  an  appli- 
cation to  the  next  Legislature  for  such  mod- 
ification of  the  present  law  as  shall  enforce 
the  registration  of  all  the  marriages,  births 
and  deaths  occurring  in  the  State."  This 
measure  has  since  that  time  been  acted  upon 
by  the  Legislature  of  New  Jersey,  and  an 
efficient  system  of  recording  these  data  is  now 
in  operation. 

The  next  public  event  that  aroused  the 
society  was  the  breaking  out  of  the  great 
Eebellion  in  1861,  and  the  calling  for  troops 
"by  the  government.  To  this  call  the  response 
was  prompt.  Of  the  eighteen  physicians 
whose  names  were  registered  on  the  roll  of 
its  members  at  the  close  of  the  Civil  War,  five 
had  enlisted  in  the  service  of  their  country : 
Doctors  Richard  C.  Dean  and  Henry  Ackley 
had  entered  the  navy,  Doctors  H-  Genet 
Taylor  and  Bowman  Hendry  in  the  army, 
and  Dr.  John  E.  Stevenson,  in  the  Provost 
Marshal  General's  Department,  all  as  sur- 
geons. The  two  in  the  navy  were  still  on 
its  rolls,  having  engaged  for  a  life-service. 
The  three  who  had  been  in  the  volunteer 
service  all  had  honorable  discharges. 

The  society  keeps  a  careful  guardianship  over 
its  county  interests.  It  having  been  reported, 
in  1879,  that  the  Board  of  Chosen  Freehold- 
ers had  inadvertently  appointed  an  incompe- 


tent man  as  resident  physician  of  the  County 
Insane  Asylum,  at  a  meeting  held  May  12th, 
of  that  year,  Dr.  James  M.  Ridge  "  moved 
the  appointment  of  a  committee  to  report 
what  action  is,  in  their  opinion,  advisable  for 
this  society  to  take  in  reference  to  the  ap- 
pointment." Doctors  James  M.  Ridge, 
Alexander  Marcy,  N.  B.  Jennings,  D.  Ben- 
jamin, E.  B.  Woolston,  D.  P.  Pancoast  and 
H.  Genet  Taylor  were  appointed.  At  the 
next  meeting  of  the  society,  held  November 
11th,  of  that  year,  the  committee  reported 
that  they  had  held  a  meeting  upon  June  4th, 
and  had  appointed  a  sub-committee,  consist- 
ing of  Doctors  D.  Benjamin  and  O.  B.  Gross, 
to  attend  the  meeting  of  the  committee  of  the 
Board  of  Freeholders  at  Blackwood,  and 
that  the  latter  had  superseded  the  late  medi- 
cal incumbent,  and  had  appointed  Dr.  Jona 
J.  Comfort,  a  former  member  of  the  society, 
as  resident  physician  of  the  Insane  Asylum. 
It  also  recommended  that  a  number  of  phy- 
sicians, members  of  the  society,  be  appointed 
to  visit  the  asylum,  in  order  that  it  might  be 
more  properly  under  their  inspection.  A 
vote  of  tiianks  was  tendered  to  Director  Isaac 
Nicholson,  of  the  Board  of  Freeholders,  and 
to  the  members  connected  with  him,  for  their 
assistance  in  procuring  the  desired  change. 
Dr.  Henry  E.  Branin,  of  Blackwood,  at 
present  has  charge  of  the  County  Asylum 
and  Almshouse. 

A  notable  feature  of  the  meetings  of  the 
Camden  County  Medical  Society  is  the  social 
gathering  which  accompanies  them.  The 
hour  of  assembling  was,  at  one  time,  twelve 
o'clock,  noon,  but  now  it  is  eleven  a.m.  After 
the  business  is  disposed  of,  a  collation  is  par- 
taken of,  at  the  expense  of  the  society.  It 
is  the  custom  to  invite  to  these  a  number  of 
distinguished  physicians  from  other  places, 
who  have  previously  joined  in  the  discussions 
upon  scientific  and  medical  subjects,  and  have 
given  the  members  the  benefit  of  their  knowl- 
edge and  experience.  The  meetings  have 
always  been  held  at  hotels,  where  suitable  ac- 


250 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


eommodations  could  be  obtained.  As  was 
previously  stated,  the  first  two  were  held  at 
the  house  of  Joseph  C.  Shivers,  in  Haddon- 
field.  The  next  meeting  was  held  at  the 
hotel  of  Israel  English,  at  the  foot  of  Coop- 
er Street,  and  when  Mr.  English  became  the 
landlord  of  the  West  Jersey  Hotel,  the  so- 
ciety followed  him  to  it.  Between  1855  and 
1857,  inclusive,  they  were  transferred  to  the 
hotel  of  James  Elwell,  at  the  foot  of  Bridge 
Avenue.  This  building  has  been  demolished, 
and  the  site  is  now  occupied  by  the  offices  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company.  The 
annual  meeting  of  June  21,  1859,  was  held 
at  the  hotel  at  Ellisburg,  then  kept  by  Stacy 
Stockton.  Returning  to  the  West  Jersey 
Hotel,  this  continued  to  be  the  favorite  place 
until  the  retirement  of  Mr.  English  as  host. 
Mr.  Samuel  Archer,  who  then  kept  the  old 
house  at  Cooper's  Point,  having  offered  to 
provide  a  suitable  entertainment,  and  the 
Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad  Company 
proffering  the  use  of  their  rooms  adjoining, 
for  meeting  purposes,  the  society  met  there 
from  1873  to  1880.  Since  then  the  meetings 
have  been  held  three  times  at  Gloucester 
(Buena  Vista  House  and  Thompson's  Ho- 
tel), but  otherwise  at  the  West  Jersey 
Hotel. 

The  expenses  incurred  by  the  society  were 
met  by  an  assessment  upon  each  member  for 
a  pro-rata  share  of  them,  until  the  death  of 
Dr.  E.  M.  Cooper,  iu  1874.  In  his  will, 
which  was  dated  April  28,  1874,  and  pro- 
bated June  4th,  of  the  same  year,  was  the 
following  clause,  "  I  give  and  bequeath  to 
the  Camden  County  District  Medical  Society, 
of  which  I  have  been  a  member  since  its 
commencement,  the  sum  of  three  thousand 
dollars,  to  be  invested  by  the  said  Society  in 
the  loans  of  the  United  States,  the  State  of 
New  Jersey,  or  the  City  and  County  of  Cam- 
den or  some  other  public  loan,  and  the  in- 
terest of  said  sum  to  be  used  by  the  said  So- 
ciety in  the  payment  of  the  expenses  ordina- 
rily incurred  by  the  said  Society.     In  case 


my  executors  should  think  proper  to  pay 
said  legacy  in  any  securities  belonging  to  my 
estate,  bearing  interest  at  their  market  value, 
I  do  authorize  and  direct  them  to  pay  said 
legacy  in  such  securities  instead  of  cash." 
To  accept  of  this  legacy,  the  society,  at  a 
meeting  held  May  10,  1875,  determined  to 
appoint  two  trustees,  one  for  one  year  and 
one  for  two  years,  who,  with  the  treasurer, 
should  constitute  a  board  of  finance.  These 
were  elected  the  succeeding  year,  and  were 
Dr.  John  V.  Sclienck  for  two  years,  Dr. 
Thomas  F.  Cullen  for  one  year,  and  Dri 
Isaac  B.  Mulford,  treasurer.  Dr.  Cooper's 
executors  set  aside  three  one  thousand  dollar 
seven  per  cent,  bonds  of  the  West  Jersey 
Railroad  Company,  which  were  left  with, 
and  are  still  in  the  possession  of,  John  W. 
Wright,  who  is  one  of  them,  who  pays  the 
interest  as  it  becomes  due. 

The  New  Jersey  State  Medical  Society  has 
three  times  met  as  the  guests  of  the  Camden 
County  Society.  The  first  time  in  1849,  when 
the  semi-annual  meeting  of  the  former  society 
convened  at  Elwell's  Hotel,  on  November 
13th  of  that  year.  The  annual  meeting,  in 
January,  1864,  was  held  in  Camden,  at  Mor- 
gan's Hall,  on  the  corner  of  Fourth  and  Mar- 
ket Streets.  The  reception  committee  were 
Drs.  R.  M.  Cooper,  T.  F.  Cullen,  J.  V. 
Schenck,  O.  H.  Taylor  and  A.  D.  Woodruff. 
They  found  great  difficulty  in  finding  hotel 
accommodations  for  members,  some  of  whom 
had  to  go  to  Philadelphia  to  secure  them. 
The  expenses  incurred  by  the  committee  were 
paid  by  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  out  of  his  private 
funds. 

In  the  year  1874  Atlantic  City  had  become 
a  favorite  seaside  resort,  with  several  hotels 
each  large  enough  to  accommodate  the  whole 
State  Society.  There  being  no  medical  soci- 
ety in  Atlantic  County,  it  was  determined  by 
the  Camden  County  Society  to  invite  the 
first-named  society  to  hold  their  next  annual 
meeting  there.  A  committee,  consisting  of 
Drs.  J.  W.  Suowden,  J.  V.  Schenck,  J.  Or- 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICtNE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


251 


lando  White,  I.  B.  Heulings,  J.  R.  Stevenson 
and  T.  F.  Cullen,  was  appointed  to  make 
preparations.  Tiie  meeting  was  held  May 
25, 1876.  It  was  memorable  for  several  rea- 
sons. It  was  the  first  time  a  county  society 
had  ever  selected  a  place  outside  of  its  own 
jurisdiction  to  entertain  its  parent  society. 
The  Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad  Company 
provided,  free  of  expense,  a  special  train  to 
convey  delegates  and  invited  guests  both  ways, 
issuing  tickets  good  for  three  days,  on  any 
train. 

As  far  as  is  known,  this  was  the  first 
instance  in  the  United  States  where  a  railroad 
had  offered  such  a  courtesy  to  any  body  of 
medical  men.  For  several  years  a  few  of  the 
members  had  been  accompanied  by  their 
wives  and  daughters  to  these  meetings  of  the 
State  Society,  which  hold  for  two  days.  As 
the  families  of  physicians  enjoy  but  few  op- 


portunities to  join  them  in  a  holiday  excur- 
sion, it  was  determined  by  the  committee  to 
offer  the  greatest  inducements  for  the  ladies 
to  accompany  the  delegates  to  Atlantic  City. 
Invitations  were  issued  for  them  to  attend 
and  to  partake  of  a  banq net,  which  the  Cam- 
den County  Society  had  ordered  for  the  eve- 
ning, and  the  minutest  details  of  the  shortest 
route  to  Camden  and  thence  to  the  seaside 
were  furnished  them.  The  attendance,  es- 
pecially of  ladies,  was  larger  than  it  had  ever 
been  at  any  previous  meeting.  The  State 
Society,  however,  passed  a  resolution  prohib- 
iting any  county  society  from  providing  any 
banquet  in  the  future,  because  of  the  burden 
it  would  entail  on  poorer  societies.  The  cit- 
izens of  Atlantic  City  did  all  in  their  power 
to  give  pleasure  to  their  guests. 

Members  of  the  Camden  County  Medical 
Society  since  its  organization, — 


Date  of 
admisKioD. 


1846 
1846 
.1846 
1846 
1846 
1846 
1847 
1847 
1847 
1847 
1848 
1848 
1849 
1849 
1849 
1860 
1850 
1850 
1851 
1852 
1864 
1854 
1857 
1857 
1859 
1860 
1860 
1863 
1863 
1864 
1866 
1866 
1866 


.Jacob  P.  Thornton... 
Richard  M.  Cooper... 

James  C.  Risley 

Charles  D.  Hendry... 
Othniel  H.  Taylor... 
Isaac  S.  Mulford 

A.  D.  WoodruflF. 

Bowman  Hendry 

Daniel  M.  Stout 

Benj,  W.  Blackwood.. 

John  V.  Schenck 

Edward  J.  .Record 

John  W.  Snowden 

John  J.  Jessup 

Robt.  M.  Smallwood.. 

Jacob  Grigg 

Thos.  F.  Cullen 

Sylvester  Birdsell 

Ezekial  C.  Chew 

B.  Fullerton  Miles 

G.  W.Bartholomew... 

Richard  C.  Dean 

N.  B.  Jennings 

W.G.Thomas 

Henry   Ackley ;. 

H.  Genet  Taylor 

Henry  E.  Branin 

J.  Gilbert  Young 

John  R.  Stevenson.... 

Alex.  Marcy 

Joseph  F.  Garrison... 

James  M.  Ridge 

Jonathan   J.  Comfort 


Year  of 
gi-aduation. 


1828 
1839 
1844 
1832 
1825 
1822 
1844 
1846 
1847 
1828 
1847 
1848 
1844 
1848 
1849 
1843 
1844 
1848 
1843 
1852 
1863 
1864 
1866 
1854 
1868 
1860 
1868 
1862 
1863 
1861 
1845 
1852 
1859 


College  where  graduated. 


University  of  Pennsylvania 

University  of  Pennsylvania 

Jefferson  Medical  College 

University  of  Pennsylvania 

University  of  Pennsylvania 

University  of  Pennsylvania 

Jefferson  Medical  College 

Jefferson  Medical  College 

Jefferson  Medical  College 

University  of  Pennsylvania 

University  of  Pennsylvania 

Jefferson  Medical  College 

University  of  Pennsylvania 

.lefferson  Medical  College , 

University  of  Pennsylvania 

University  of  Pennsylvania 

University  of  Pennsylvania 

Jefferson  Medical  College 

Jefferson  Medical  College 

Jefferson  Medical  College 

University  of  Pennsylvania 

.Jefferson  Medical  College 

Jefferson  Medical  College 

Pennsylvania  Medical  College  ... 

Jefferson  Medical  College 

University  of  Pennsylvania 

Jefferson  Medical  College 

University  of  Pennsylvania 

University  of  Pennsylvania 

University  of  Pennsylvania 

University  of  Pennsylvania 

University  of  Pennsylvania 

Jefferson  Medical  College 


Removed  West. 
Died  May  24,  1874. 
Died  Nov.  26,  1866. 
Died  April  29,  1869. 
Died  Sept.  5,  1869. 
Died  Feb.  17,  1873. 
Died  Jan.  1881. 
Died  June  8,  1868. 
Present  member. 
Died  Jan.  19,  1866. 
Died  July  25,  1882. 
Expelled. 
Present  member. 
Died  1852. 
Died  Feb.  8, 1866. 
Removed  to  Burl'n  Co. 
Died  Nov.  21,  1878. 
Died  May  29,  1883. 
Removed  West. 
Removed. 
Expelled. 
Honorary  member. 
Died  April  17,  1885. 
Died  Aug.  17,  1858. 
Died  Dec.  1,  1865. 
Present  member. 
Present  member. 
Honorary  member. 
Present  member. 
Present  member. 
Honorary  member. 
Present  member. 
Removed. 


T 


252 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Date  of 
admission. 


1867 

1867 

1867 

1867 

1867 

1867 

1868 

1870 

1870 

1871 

1871 

1871 

1871 

1871 

1871 

1871 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1875 

1875 

1876 

1876 

1876 

1876 

1876 

1876 

1877 

1877 

1877 

1878 

1878 

1879 

1879 

1879 

1880 

1881 

1881 

1881 

1882 

1883 

1883 

1884 

1884 

1884 

1885 

1885 

1885 

1886 

1886 


Name. 


Peter  V.  Schenck 

H.  A.  M.  Smith 

Alex.  M.  Mecray 

J.  Newton  Achiiff.... 

T.  J.  Smith 

Joha  M.  Sullivan 

J.  Orlando   White 

I.  W.  Hewlings 

Randall  W.  Morgan.. 

J.  W.  McCullough 

John   E.  Haney 

D.  ParrishPancoast... 

R.  B.  Okie.. 

Isaac  B.  Multbrd 

Thomas  Westcott 

W.  H.  Ireland 

Geo.  W.  Boughman... 
Edwin   Tomlinson 

C.  H.  Shivers 

Maximillian  West 

E.  B.  Woolston 

E.  L.  B.  Godfrey 

W.  P.  Melcher 

James  A.  Armstrong.. 
Thomas  G.  Rowand... 
E.  J.  Snitcher 

D.  W.  Blake 

W.  A.  Davis 

Dowling   Benjamin... 

John  S.  Miller 

J.  F.Walsh 

S.   B.  Irwin 

W.  H.  Iszard 

Onan  B.  Gross 

James  H.  Wroth 

J.  W.  Donges 

C.  M.   Schellinger 

H.  H.  Davis 

0.  G.  Garrison 

W.  A.  Hamilton 

H.  F.  Palm 

E.  P.  Townsend 

Conrad   G.  Hoell 

A.  T.  Dobson,  Jr 

P.  W.  Beale 

Daniel  Strock 

Joseph  H.  Wills 

Wm.  Warnock 

Jesse  J.  Wills 

James  A.  Wamsley.... 


Year  of 
graduation. 


1860 
1864 
1863 
1867 
1866 
1858 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1860 
1861 
1859 
1870 
1871 


College  where  graduated. 


1867 
1863 
1872 
1873 
1875 
1854 
1876 
1876 
1861 
1850 
1874 
1876 
1876 
1877 


University  of  Pennsylvania  , 
Jefferson  Medical  College  .... 
University  of  Pennsylvania  . 
Jefferson  Medical  College  .... 
University  of  Pennsylvania  . 
Jefferson  Medical  College  .... 
University  of  Pennsylvania  . 
Jefferson  Medical  College  .... 
University  of  Pennsylvania  . 
Jefferson  Medi-jal  College  .... 
University  of  Pennsylvania  . 
University  of  Pennsylvania  . 
University  of  Pennsylvania  . 
University  of  Pennsylvania 


1876 
1844 
1870 
1878 
1878 
1866 
1879 
1879 
1872 
1870 
1881 
1863 
1882 
1882 
1876 
1877 
1880 
1880 
1884 
1878 


University  of  Pennsylvania  . 
Jefferson  Medical  College  .... 
Jefferson  Medical  College  .... 
.Jefferson  Medical  College  .... 
Universiiy  of  Pennsylvania  . 
University  of  Pennsylvania  . 
Jefferson  Medical  College  .... 
University  of  Pennsylvania  . 
University  of  Pennsylvania  . 

Philadelphia  College 

Chicago  Medical  College 

Jefferson  Medical  College  .... 
University  of  Pennsylvania  . 
University  of  Pennsylvania  . 


University  of  Pennsylvania 
Jefferson  Medical  College  .... 
Jefferson  Medical  College  .... 
University  of  Pennsylvania 
University  of  Pennsylvania  . 
University  of  Pennsylvania  . 
Jefferson  Medical  College  .... 
Jefferson  Medical  College  .... 
University  of  Pennsylvania  . 

University  of  Maryland 

Jefferson  Medical  College  .... 
Jefferson  Medical  College  .... 
University  of  Pennsylvania  . 
University  of  Pennsylvania  . 
Jefferson  Medical  College  .... 
Jefferson  Medical  College  .... 
University  of  Pennsylvania  . 
University  of  Pennsylvania  . 
Jefferson  Medical  College  .... 
Jefferson  Medical  College  .... 


Remarks. 


Died  March  12,  1885. 

Present  member. 

Present  member. 

Died. 

Removed  in  1868. 

Removed. 

Present  member. 

Honorary  member. 

Died  Oct.  20,  1884. 

Died  March  5, 1881. 

Present  member. 

Present  member. 

Removed  to  Pen n a. 

Died  Nov.  21,  1882. 

Resigned. 

Present  member. 

Present  member. 

Present  member. 

Present  member. 

Rem.  to  Atlantic  City. 

Present  member. 

Present  member. 

Rem.  to  Burlington  Co. 

Died  Oct.  30,  1885. 

Present  member. 

Present  member. 

Present  member. 

Present  member. 

Present  member. 

Removed. 

Present  member. 
Present  member. 
Present  member. 
Present  member. 
Rem.  to  New  Mexico. 
Present  member. 

Present  member. 
Present  member. 
Honorary  member. 
Present  member. 
Present  member. 
Present  member. 
Present  member. 
Present  member. 
Present  member. 
Present  member. 
Present  member. 
Present  member. 
Present  member. 
Present  member. 


PRESTIIENTS  OP   HAMDEN    COVNTY   IIEBIOAL  SOCIETY. 


James  0.  Risley,  184G-47. 
Isaac  S.  Milfoid,  1848-51. 
Charles  D.  Hendry,  1862-53. 
A.  Dickinson  Woodrurf,  18.54. 
John  W.  Snowden,  1855-75. 
OthniclH.  Taylor,  1856. 
Tliomas  P.  Cullen,  1857. 
Sylvester  Birdsell,  1858. 
John  V.  Sohenck,  1869-73, 
Bowman  Hendry,  ISfiO. 
Napoleon  B.  Jennings,  1861. 
Henry  E.  Branin,  1862, 


James  M.  Ridge,  1867. 
Jonathan  J.  Comfort,  1808. 
Alexander M.  Mecray,  1869. 
J.  Orlando  White,  1870. 
Richard  M.  Cooper,  18' 1-74. 
Isaac  W.  Heulings,  187^. 
Edwin  Tomlinson,  1877. 
H.  A.  M.  Smith,  1878. 
1).  Parish  Panooast,  1879. 
C,  H,  Shivers,   1880. 
Isaac  B,  Mulford,  1881, 
E.  h.  B.  Godfrey,  1882. 


J.  GJilbertl'oung,  lSo;i, 
John  R,  Stevenson,  1864. 
11.  Genet  Taylor,  1866. 
Alexander  Marcy,  1866-76 

Diseases  and  their  Remedies.- 


John  B.  Haney,  1883, 
Dowling  Benjamin,  1884. 
B.  B.  Woolston,  1S86. 
W.  H.  Ireland,  1886. 


-There 

isbut  little  information  concerning  thediseases 
that  prevailed  in  Camden  County  prior  to 
the  formation  of  its  Medical  Society.  The 
limited  number  of  physicians  who  practiced 
in  it  between  1730  and  1846   had  but  little 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


253 


time  to  write  any  account  of  their  observa- 
tions and  experience,  and  still  less  opportunity 
to  publish  theifi.  It  is,  therefore,  from 
traditions  that  have  been  well  preserved  in 
this  section,  compared  with  the  accounts  of 
diseases  and  epidemics  in  other  parts  of  this 
and  adjacent  colonies,  that  a  knowledge  of 
them  can  be  best  obtained. 

There  is  a  widespread  belief  that  the 
climate  of  this  section  has  changed,  and  that 
diseases  now  are  very  different  from  what 
they  were  in  early  times.  A  hundred  years 
ago  the  old  were  wont  to  lament  the  change 
and  deterioration  of  the  seasons,  since  the 
days  of  their  youth,  in  the  same  strain  as  their 
descendants  do  now.  A  careful  examination 
of  weather  notes  shows  that  there  has  been 
no  climatic  variation  since  the  early  settle- 
ment of  the  county.  There  were  then,  as 
now,  cycles  of  hot  and  dry  summers,  alter- 
nating with  cool  and  moist  ones  ;  cold,  bleak 
winters  with  warm  and  wet  ones.  There  was 
the  chilly  spring  and  the  mild  autumn.  With 
the  exceptio'n  of  a  few  maladies,  like  cholera, 
that  have  been  imported  from  countries  with 
which,  in  former  times,  there  was  only  in- 
frequent and  slow  communication,  there  is 
no  evidence  that  there  are  any  diseases  now 
that  did  not  occur  in  early  days.  Their 
symptoms  and  courses  have  been  greatly 
modified  by  a  change  in  the  habits  and  cus- 
toms of  the  people,  and  by  improved  medi- 
cation and  sanitation. 

In  colonial  times  the  houses  were  nearly 
all  built  of  wood,  a  few  were  log,  but  most 
of  them  were  constructed  of  rough  sawed 
boards,  with  board  partitions,  and  without 
plaster.  There  were  no  carpets  on  the  floor. 
The  only  mode  of  heating  them  was  by  a 
wood  fire  in  an  open  fire-place,  by  which  the 
family  sat  in  the  Arctic  cold  of  winter,  one 
side  of  the  body  alternately  chilled  and 
warmed  as  it  was  turned  to  or  from  the 
blazing  logs.  Their  clothing  was  of  home- 
spun wool ;  only  on  ceremonial  displays  did 
the  well-to-do  wear  linen  or  silk  shirts  or 
32 


stockings.  Underclothing  was  not  worn 
until  the  present  century,  even  after  cotton 
cloth  had  been  substituted  for  woolen  stuffs. 
Overcoats  were  a  rare  luxury,  but  a  few  of 
the  wealthier  men  possessed  them.  Bangups 
they  were  called,  made  of  good  imported 
cloth ;  they  were  reserved  for  state  occasions ; 
they  were  expected  to  last  a  life-time,  and 
sometimes  descended  as  an  heirloom  to  the 
son.  Rubber  over-shoes  and  clothing  were 
never  dreamed  of  until  within  the  present 
generation.  The  only  mode  of  traveling  was 
in  the  open  boat  or  on  horseback  exposed  to 
the  weather. 

Their  diet  did  not  compare  any  more 
favorably  with  that  of  modern  times  than 
did  their  clothing.  Vegetables  were  plentiful 
in  the  summer,  but  there  was  no  method  of 
preserving  the  perishable  ones  through  the 
other  nine  months  of  the  year.  Their  bread 
was  made  from  rye,  wheat  having  come  into 
general  use  only  within  the  last  fifty  years. 
The  staple  meats  were  salt  pork  and  ham. 
In  the  eai-lier  period  of  the  settlement  this 
was  relieved  by  game,  but  as  the  country 
filled  up,  it  became  scarce  and  had  a  mercan- 
tile price ;  then  it  was  sold.  Mutton  was  but 
little  eaten.  Prior  to  the  Revolution  sheep 
were  so  valuable  that  in  old  wills  bequests 
are  left  to  daughters  of  a  ewe-lamb  and 
feather-bed  in  lieu  of  any  real  estate.  After 
the  embargo  laid  upon  wool  during  the  war 
it  became  unpatriotic  and  disreputable  to  eat 
mutton,  and  this  sentiment  continued  to  pro- 
hibit its  use  long  after  the  reason  for  it  had 
been  forgotten.  It  was  only  in  the  winter 
that  they  had  fresh  meat.  When  they  wanted 
beef  they  fatted  the  oldest  and  most  worthless 
cow  on  the  farm,  and  when  cold  weather  set 
in  they  killed  it,  and  after  the  meat  had  been 
cooked  to  the  indigestibility  of  leather,  they 
ate  it  three  times  a  day  until  putrefaction 
commenced.  It  is  not  surprising  (hat  beef 
was  not  considered  a  wholesome  food.  One 
superlative  article  of  food  they  possessed  in 
abundance,  whose  value  as  a  substitute  for 


254 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


any  deficiency  in  a  diet  is  nnsurpassed,  but 
which  has  not  been  appreciated  by  either 
the  medical  profession  or  the  laity,  until 
recently.  That  was  milk.  This  was  not  a 
salable  commodity,  and  that  is,  perhaps,  the 
reason  why  it  was  considered  to  be  a  plebeian 
drink.  The  dividing  line  between  gentility 
and  common  people  was  milk.  To  have 
oifered  an  invited  guest  at  the  table 
a  glass  of  it  would  have  been  an  uu- 
pardonable  offence.  The  family,  including 
the  children,  at  the  first  table  had  their  tea 
and  coffee  ;  the  bound  boy  at  the  second  table 
had  an  unstinted  supply  of  milk.  The  result 
was  that  a  quarter  of  a  century  afterwards 
the  bound  boy  owned  the  farm. 

Alcoholic  drinks  were  freely  used.  Apple- 
whiskey  was  in  -every  one's  house.  Imported 
wines  and  brandies  purchased  by  the  wealthier 
people  were  reserved  for  special  occasions.  It 
was  customary  to  take  a  drink  of  spirits  be- 
fore breakfast  to  counteract  the  deleterious 
effects  of  fog  and  dampness.  If  a  neighbor 
was  visited,  or  the  visit  returned,  the  de- 
canter was  set  out  as  a  mark  of  hospitality. 
It  was  not  believed  that  any  excessive  labor, 
like  haying  and  harvesting,  could  be  done 
without  it.  The  jug  was  taken  to  the  mea- 
dow or  field  along  with  the  water-bucket,  and 
when  the  men  had  cut  a  number  of  swaths 
across  the  grass  or  gj-ain,  a  halt  was  made  to 
take  a  draught  of  the  liquor.  At  social 
gatherings,  at  weddings,  at  funerals,  and  even 
at  child-births  the  flowing  bowl  was  passed 
around. 

The  contrast  between  these  early  habits 
and  customs  and  those  of  to-day  is  most 
marked.  Without  enumerating  them,  it  will 
suffice  to  state  that  a  temperance  man  in  the 
eighteenth  century  was  one  who  never  got 
intoxicated ;  now  he  is  a  total  abstainer  from 
alcoholic  beverages.  Now  the  well-filled  de- 
canter is  not  only  kept  out  of  sight,  but  it  is 
banished  from  the  house.  One  township  in 
this  county  has  for  fifteen  years  prohibited 
the  sale  of  liquor  within  its  limits. 


As  might  be  expected,  inflammatory  dis- 
eases were  formerly  very  frequent,  and  their 
symptoms  violent.  Pleurisy,  bronchitis, 
pneumonia  and  rheumatism  prevailed  exten- 
sively, especially  in  years  in  which  the 
thermometric  changes  favored  their  develop- 
ment. They  were  much  oftener  fatal  than 
they  are  now.  Cholera-morbus,  dysentery 
and  diarrhoea,  which  are  rarely  fatal  now, 
then  caused  the  death  of  many.  Scarlet 
fever,  measles  and  whooping-cough,  which 
are  the  bane  of  childhood,  exhibited  the  same 
infantile  violence  as  the  diseases  of  adult  life. 
Sickness,  especially  epidemics,  as  far  back  as 
1726,  are  noted  as  having  been  sthenic  or 
asthenic,  but  there  is  no  record  of  that 
popular  word  typhoid,  as  applied  to  depressed 
forms  of  illness,  having  been  used  in  this 
county  until  1855,  when  Dr.  T.  F.  Cullen 
reported  that  malarious  diseases  had  that  year 
assumed  a  typhoid  form.  These  facts  wt)uld 
indicate  that  the  changes  in  the  mode  of  liv- 
ing of  the  people,  which  had  been  gradually 
improving  up  to  the  discovery '  of  gold  in 
California  in  1848,  and  very  rapidly  since 
then,  had  produced  a  moiety  of  people  of 
weak  constitution,  who,  under  the  surround- 
ings of  earlier  days,  invariably  died  young. 

Intermittent  and  remittent  fevers  were 
common  on  the  Delaware  slope  of  the  county. 
In  1798  there  is  a  record  that  they  were 
prevalent  on  the  high  ground,  while  yellow 
bilious  fever  attacked  those  along  the  river- 
shore.  In  1823  Dr.  Charles  F.  Clarke,  of 
"Woodbury,  in  his  notes,  says  that  bilious 
fevers  were  epidemic,  and  so  numerous  were 
the  cases,  that  as  he  rode  along  at  night, 
farmers  would  keep  a  light  burning  as  a 
signal  for  him  that  there  was  sickness  in  the 
house.  The  reports  made  to  the  Camden 
County  Medical  Society  state  that  malarial 
fevers  prevailed  along  the  streams  in  1848. 
After  this  little  is  said  about  them  until  1866, 
when  they  again  became  frequent,  and  con- 
tinued to  increase  until  1862,  when  they  were 
declared  to  be  epidemic.      Then  they  began 


A  HISTOEY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


255 


to  decline,  until  iu  1867,  and  for  five  years 
afterwards,  they  had  so  diminished  that  the 
physicians  congratulated  themselves  that  these 
diseases  were  finally  disappearing.  In  1873 
they  reappeared,  steadily  increasing  in  num- 
ber and  severity  until  1877,  when  they  were 
again  pronounced  to  be  epidemic ;  since  then 
they  have  been  declining,  and  at  present 
(1886)  are  quite  infrequent.  Professor  Kalm, 
reporting  to  the  Swedish  government  in  1748, 
concerning  Gloucester  (Camden  included) 
County,  says  fevers  and  agues  were  more 
common  than  any  other  disease.  In  some 
years  they  ravaged  the  whole  county,  in 
others  "  scarcely  a  single  person  was  taken 
ill." 

At  the  time  that  Kalm  wrote,  the  Atlantic 
slope  of  the  county,  called  the  "  Pines,"  was 
not  inhabited,  except  by  a  few  wood-chop- 
pers. From  the  earliest  times  this  section 
has  been  popularly  credited  with  great  ex- 
emption from  pulmonary  and  miasmatic  dis- 
eases. More  recently  Dr.  John  W.  Snowden, 
who  has  practiced  medicine  in  that  section 
for  forty  years,  and  who  is  the  able  chairman 
of  the  Standing  Committee  and  reporter  of 
the  Camden  County  Medical  Society,  states 
that  he  never  saw  a  case  of  intermittent  or 
remittent  fever  originate  there.  He  also 
confirms  its  reputation  for  freedom  from  pul^ 
monary  affections. 

Typhoid  fever  was  not  known  as  a  distinct 
disease  until  it  was  investigated  and  de- 
scribed by  Louis,  a  French  physician,  in  the 
early  part  of  the  present  century.  There  is 
no  doubt  but  that  cases  of  it  occurred  here  so 
soon  as  the  concretions  from  filth  were  suffi- 
cient to  form  a  nidus  for  its  growth.  The 
milder  forms  of  it  were  classed  with  obsti- 
nate remittent  fever,  and  helped  to  swell  its 
mortality  list.  In  the  tradition  that  has 
come  down  to  us  of  the  dreaded  and  fatal 
nervous  fever,  as  it  was  called,  may  be  found 
a  description  of  a  severe  case  of  typhoid  fever 
where  the  cerebral  symptoms  were  promi- 
nent.    In  the  reports  of  the  medical  society 


this  disease  is  noted  as  occurring  more  or  less 
throughout  the  county  every  year,  although 
in  some  seasons  it  is  more  frequent  than  in 
others,  especially  in  Camden.  Haddonfield 
seems  to  have  had  great  immunity  from  it, 
as  there  is  no  record  of  any  case  happening 
there  that  was  not  contracted  elsewhere. 

Typhus  fever  has  been  an  infrequent  dis- 
ease during  the  history  of  the  county. 
There  was  an  epidemic  of  it  in  Camden  in 
1812,  in  which  a  number  lost  their  lives,  but 
otherwise  that  city  has  been  remarkably  free 
from  it.  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry  had  some 
cases  of  it  adjacent  to  the  almshouse  at 
Blackwood.  At  this  institution  it  is  occa- 
sionally introduced  by  vagrants,  and  in  1881 
it  became  epidemic,  there  having  been  one 
hundred  and  three  cases  and  thirty-three 
deaths  from  it.  Dr.  McCullough,  one  of 
the  attending  physicians,  fell  a  victim  to  the 
disease. 

The  proximity  of  Camden  County  to  the 
port  of  Philadelphia  has  made  it  liable  to  be 
invaded  by  yellow  fever.  There  is  no  record 
of  its  having  become  located  within  the 
county  limits,  although  the  lower  end  of 
Gloucester  County,  from  which  it  was  set  off, 
has  been  charged  with  having  reproduced  it 
along  the  river-shore  in  1747  and  1798. 
There  were  epidemics  of  yellow  fever  in 
Philadelphia  in  1762;  between  the  years 
1793  and  1798  ;  between  1802  and  1805  ;  and 
in  the  years  1819  and  1820.  At  these  peri- 
ods there  were  isolated  cases  contracted  by 
visits  to  infected  districts  of  that  city.  Dur- 
ing the  epidemic  of  1853  there  does  not  ap- 
pear to  have  been  any  deaths  from  it  in 
Camden  County.  In  1854  there  was  one 
case  of  yellow  fever  in  Camden  in  the  person 
of  a  sailor  who,  two  days  previous  to  his 
attack,  had  landed  from  a  steamer  sixty  hours 
from  Savannah,  Ga. 

The  insidious  and  obscure  diseases  of  the 
kidneys  observed  and  described  by  Dr. 
Bright,  of  England,  in  1828,  and  after  whom 
they  are  named,  were  not  diagno.«€d  by  phy- 


256 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


sicians  until  chemistry  and  microscopy  had 
advanced  to  such  a  state  of  progress  as  to 
offer  the  only  means  of  detecting  them.  The 
first  application  of  these  sciences  in  Camden 
County  for  this  purpose  was  made  by  a  mem- 
ber of  its  Medical  Society  in  1865.  Since 
that  date  Bright's  disease  is  known  to  be  the 
cause  of  a  limited  number  of  deaths  here  an- 
nually. Fatal  results  from  some  formerly 
obscure  cases  of  dropsy  are  now  known  to  be 
caused  by  this  disease.  There  are  some  fam- 
ilies who  have  noticed  that  for  two  or  three 
generations  a  number  of  their  members  have 
died  of  dropsy.  Some  of  these  deaths  within 
the  last  twenty  years  have  been  the  sequelae 
of  Bright's  disease.  The  inference  is,  there- 
fore, that  the  dropsy  of  former  generations 
was  produced  by  the  same  cause,  and  that, 
to  a  limited  extent,  Bright's  disease  is  heredi- 
tary. 

In  1735-36  a  terrible  epidemic  swept  over 
the  colonies,  called  the  "  throat  distemper." 
In  the  accounts  of  it  that  have  come  down  to 
us,  and  in  the  traditions  of  a  not  infrequent 
disease  called,  in  this  county,  "putrid  sore 
throat,"  may  be  discerned  the  modern  diph- 
theria. Under  the  latter  name  the  malady 
is  but  little  mentioned  in  the  records  of  the 
Medical  Society  until  1862,  when  Dr.  Cullen 
reported  that  it  had  been  seen  occasionally 
during  the  year,  but  that  he  did  not  believe 
that  it  had  ever  been  epidemic  in  Camden 
City.  Since  that  date  it  has  appeared  more 
or  less  every  year  throughout  the  county,  but 
not  to  any  great  extent. 

Small  pox  was  a  much  dreaded  disease  in 
colonial  times.  The  introduction  of  inocula- 
tion here,  about  1750,  robbed  it  of  some  of 
its  terrors,  and  the  discovery  of  vaccination, 
by  Jenner,  at  the  close  of  the  last  century, 
made  it  still  more  harmless.  Yet  it  still 
lingers,  and  at  times  becomes  epidemic.  The 
Camden  County  Medical  Society  reported  it 
to  be  so  in  Camden  City  in  1856, 1864, 1871 
and  1880.  In  the  latter  year  there  were  six 
hundred    and   eighty-eight    cases   and    one 


hundred  and  thirty-four  deaths  from  it.  The 
number  of  gratuitous  vaccinations  made  to 
check  the  disease  was  about  eight  thousand. 

Asiatic  cholera  is  an  imported  disease  in- 
digenous to  Southern  Asia.  Its  first  appear- 
ance in  Camden  County  was  in  1832.  The 
accounts  of  its  ravages  then  are  very  meagre. 
Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford,  writing  in  1855,  says 
that  it  was  not  so  violent  as  were  the  subse- 
quent epidemics  of  1849  and  1854,  all  of 
which  he  witnessed.  He  also  says  that  in  the 
first-named  year  it  possessed  a  sthenic  char- 
acter. Among  the  papers  of  the  late  Dr. 
Charles  F.  Clarke,  of  Woodbury,  is  one 
stating  that  the  people  were  greatly  afraid  of 
it,  believing  it  to  be  contagious,  and  that  he 
had  helped  to  bury  the  bodies  of  the  dead, 
which  the  people  in  their  terror  had  thrown 
upon  the  river-shore. 

Its  second  appearance  was  in  1849,  the 
first  case  occurring  in  Camden  in  the  middle 
of  June.  At  that  time  the  city  had  a  popu- 
lation of  nine  thousand  people,  many  of 
whom  fled  ;  yet  between  its  advent  and  the 
commencement  of  cold  weather,  when  it 
ceased,  there  were  one  hundred  and  nineteen 
cases  and  fifty  deaths.  In  Winslow  there 
were  a  number  of  deaths  from  cholera,  but 
no  account  of  them  has  been  preserved. 
There  were  also  a  few  isolated  cases  in  the 
other  townships.  Camden  was  next  visited 
by  this  disease  in  1854,  when  the  first  person 
attacked  died  from  it  on  June  25th.  It  did 
not  assume  an  epidemic  form  until  October, 
and  ceased  on  November  23d.  In  this  year 
there  were  ninety-four  cases  and  fifty-seven 
deaths.  During  its  continuance  the  Camden 
City  Medical  Society  held  several  special 
meetings  to  consult  about  it,  and  the  mem- 
bers exerted  themselves  to  the  utmost  to 
check  its  ravages.  In  Haddpnfield  there  was 
a  single  case  that  had  been  contracted  in 
Camden.  The  susceptibility  of  the  latter 
city  to  become  a  cholera  centre,  the  virulence 
and  the  fatality  of  the  scourge  there,  gave  it  a 
reputation  for  unhealthfulness  that  seriously 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


257 


checked  its  growth,  so  that  between  1849  and 
1866  its  population  only  increased  from  nine 
thousand  to  eighteen  thousand. 

When  it  was  reported,  in  1865,  that 
cholera  was  approaching  the  United  States, 
the  Camden  City  Medical  Society,  alert  to  the 
dangers  to  be  apprehended  from  another 
visitation,  at  their  stated  meeting  held  Sep- 
tember 7th  of  that  year,  appointed  Drs.  John 
E.  Stevenson,  Isaac  S.  Mulford,  Alexander 
Marcy  and  Thomas  F.  Cullen  a  committee 
to  adopt  measures  to  prevent  an  anticipated 
invasion  of  cholera.  Their  final  report  states 
that  upon  inspection  they  found  Camden  to 
be  as  filthy  as  any  city  of  its  size  in  the 
Union.  The  drainage  was  superficial  and 
imperfect;  garbage  and  coal  ashes  were 
thrown  into  the  streets,  but  few  of  which 
were  paved  ;  the  cesspools,  shallow  in  depth, 
were  in  many  places  overflowing  upon  the 
ground,  and  pig  sties  had  been  allowed  to  be 
erected  in  the  yards  of  the  poorer  classes. 
The  committee  consulted  with  the  City 
Council,  who  courteously  received  their  sug- 
gestions, and  through  their  sanitary  commit- 
tee, of  which  John  S.  Lee  was  chairman  and 
Colonel  Joseph  C.  Nichols  the  efficient  execu- 
tive officer,  put  in  force  the  ordinances  which 
were  plenary.  Before  the  summer  of  1866 
they  had  cleansed  the  city  and  abated  all 
nuisances.  In  this  year  the  first  case  of 
cholera  occurred  on  June  25th,  when  the 
city  authorities,  having  previously  provided 
a  stock  of  disinfectants,  as  recommended  by 
the  medical  committee,  virtually  transferred 
the  direction  of  sanitary  measures  to  the 
latter,  who  investigated  each  case  of  the  dis- 
ease, and  had  the  premises  and  clothing  of 
the  sick  promptly  disinfected.  There  were 
in  this  year  thirty-nine  cases  of  cholera  and 
thirty  deaths.  It  did  not  become  epidemic, 
as  it  only  became  located  in  two  places,  in 
both  of  which  it  was  stamped  out  within 
thirty-six  hours.  Just  beyond  the  city  limits, 
in  Newton  township,  there  were  twenty-seven 
cases,    and   twenty-five   deaths   in   a    negro 


hamlet.  With  the  exception  of  one  at 
Winslow,  there  were  no  others  in  Camden 
County.  In  the  year  1873  there  were  three 
reported  instances  of  cholera  in  Camden 
City,  and  in  one  person  it  proved  fatal. 

The  experience  of  1866  in  Camden  and 
elsewhere  demonstrated  the  power  and  effi- 
ciency of  well-directed  sanitary  measures  in 
preventing  the  spread  of  infectious  and  con- 
tagious diseases,  and  subsequent  observation 
confirmed  it. 

In  the  year  1880  the  Legislature  of  New 
Jersey  passed  an  act  creating  a  State  Board 
of  Health  of  nine  members,  which  enact- 
ment provided  that  every  city,  town  or 
borough  shall  have  a  Board  of  Health  of  not 
less  than  five  nor  more  than  seven  members, 
of  which  the  recorder  of  vital  statistics,  one 
city  physician  and  the  city  health  inspector 
shall  be  members.  In  each  township,  the 
township  committee,  the  assessor  and  town- 
ship physician  compose  the  Board  of  Health. 
Any  city,  borough  or  township  which  had  a 
local  Board  of  Health  at  the  time  of  the 
passage  of  this  act  was  exempt  from  its  pro- 
visions. Camden  was  one  of  those  exempted 
and  did  not  accept  the  provisions  of  the 
health  law  until  1885.  During  the  years 
1884  and  1885,  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross  acted  as 
special  inspector  of  that  city  for  the  State 
Board  of  Health. 

The  use  of  herbs  as  remedies  has  already 
been  described.  Cider,  although  a  beverage, 
may  be  classed  as  a  medicine.  In  former 
times  it  was  drank  hot  at  night  as  a  cure  for 
colds.  The  ground  Jesuit's  bark  was  mixed 
in  it  to  make  the  dose  more  palatable,  and  it 
had  the  popular  reputation  of  being  "  good 
for  the  liver."  Every  large  farmer  had  his 
cider-mill,  where  he  made  his  own  cider,  and 
which  he  loaned  for  the  use  of  his  less  fortu- 
nate neighbors.  Scattered  at  convenient 
points  throughout  the  district  were  farmers 
who  added  a  still  to  their  cider-mill,  and  who 
distilled  the  cider  of  their  friends  into  apple 
whiskey  on  shares.   At  the  present  time  there 


.258 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


are  only  a  few  cider-presses,  and  but  two 
whiskey  stills  in  the  county.  One  still  is 
owned  by  Joshua  Peacock,  near  Haddonfield ; 
the  other  by  Hugh  Sharp,  adjacent  toMarlton. 
An  early  industry  was  the  distillation  of  the 
essential  oils  of  sassafras,  pennyroyal,  horse- 
mint,  winter-green,  spearmint,  etc.,  from 
indigenous  plants  that  were  once  very  abun- 
dant. Their  product  was  sold  locally  for 
use  as  liniments  and  rubefacients,  and  the 
surplus  sent  to  the  Philadelphia  market. 
These  oil-stills  gradually  fell  into  the  hands 
of  the  negroes.  Between  1840  and  1850 
one  was  operated  in  Joi'dantown  by  a  colored 
man,  Stephen  Polk,  and  by  his  son  Elzey. 
The  last  one  in  the  county  was  owned  by  a 
colored  man  styled  "Dr.  Thomas,"  residing 
near  Marlton.  This  was  abandoned  about 
twenty  years  ago. 

About  the  year  1822,  Nathan  Willets  be- 
gan the  cultivation  of  the  castor  bean  on  the 
farm  where  he  resided,  on  the  Haddonfield 
and  Clements  Bridge  road,  two  miles  from 
Haddonfield.  He  also  prepared  the  oil  for 
market.  He  continued  the  business  for 
some  twenty  years. 

Until  the  beginning  of  the  present  century 
physicians  made  their  visits  on  horseback 
with  a  saddle-bag  attached  to  it,  in  which 
were  carried  their  medicines  and  the  few  in- 
struments they  used.  They  prepared  their 
own  pills  and  potions.  Among  their  prep- 
arations were  those  of  mercury,  a  very  an- 
cient remedy,  which  had  been  always  in  mod- 
erate use.  Calomel  came  into  repute  in 
1736  as  an  application  for  the  throat  dis- 
temper, but  mercurials  were  not  pushed  to 
salivation  until  within  the  present  century. 
This  mode  of  medication  continued  up  to 
1850.  Since  then  mercury  has  fallen  into 
disuse  by  the  medical  profession,  but  when 
the  great  increase  in  the  consumption  of  offic- 
inal and  patent  pills,  most  of  which  contain 
some  compound  of  this  metal,  is  taken  into 
consideration,  it  is  doubtful  if  any  less  of  it 
is  taken   by  the  people  now  than  formerly, 


only  the  manner  of  administration  has 
changed. 

Venesection  began  to  be  employed  about 
1750  and  became  so  papular  with  physicians 
that  it  was  employed  in  all  cases,  the  lancet 
being  their  invariable  accompaniment.  Now, 
so  completely  has  it  fallen  into  discredit  that 
but  few  of  the  present  members  of  the  Cam- 
den County  Medical  Society  have  ever  bled 
a  patient. 

Boerhaave,  elected  professor  at  Leyden  in 
1701,  announced  the  doctrine  that  all  dis- 
eases were  the  result  of  humors  in  the  blood. 
This  was  accepted  by  physicians  everywhere, 
who,  in  accordance  with  it,  prohibited  the  use 
of  cold  drinks  in  sickness,  but  made  their 
patients  drink  hot  teas,  keep  the  window 
closed  to  prevent  the  ingress  of  fresh  air, 
and  plied  them  with  bed-covers  to  induce 
perspiration.  There  are  old  residents  here 
who  well  remember  the  discomforts  and  mis- 
ery of  such  treatment. 

A  few  of  the  best-known  old  standard 
drugs  and  some  popular  nostrums  were  early 
sold  by  the  country  merchants.  They  are  at 
this  day  to  be  found  in  the  stock  of  the 
cross-roads  stores  in  this  section.  The  first 
drug  store  in  Camden  County  was  opened 
by  Thomas  Redman  in  November,  1735. 
He  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Thomas  Redman,  of 
Philadelphia,  and  was  born  March  31,  1714. 
He  was  educated  an  apothecary,  and,  having 
removed  to  Haddonfield,  commenced  busi- 
ness where  now  stands  the  dwelling  of  the 
late  Samuel  C.  Smith.  In  addition  to  drugs 
he  kept  other  merchandise,  but  the  former 
was  a  special  department,  where  prescriptions 
were  compounded.  This  business  and  the 
knowledge  of  the  preparation  of  medicines 
was  transmitted  to  his  son  and  grandson, 
who  continued  the  same  occupation  in  the 
same  place  until  1846.  Charles  S.  Braddock, 
a  graduate  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  in  the  class  of  1851,  opened  the 
first  store  in  Haddonfield  for  the  exclusive 
sale  of  drugs  in  the  year  1853.     This  is  still 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


259 


continued   by   his   son.     R.  Willard  is  the 
proprietor  of  the  other  store  in  this  town. 

In  Camden,  Dr.  Samuel  Harris,  in  1811, 
sold  some  medicines  from  his  office.  Be- 
tween the  years  1812  and  1821,  Freedom  L. 
Shinn  kept  a  drug  store  at  the  northeast 
corner  of  Second  and  Plum  (Arch)  Streets. 
After  that  there  was  no  place  other  than  at 
Dr.  Harris'  office  where  medicines  could  be 
purchased  until  1832,  when  Dr.  Sickler 
opened  a  drug  store  on  Federal  Street  near 
the  ferry.  According  to  charges  on  his 
books,  opium  was  worth  fifty  cents  an  ounce, 
and  seven  and  one-half  ounces  of  essence  of 
peppermint  eighty-seven  and  one-half  cents. 
He  also  sold  paints  and  oils.  Paint  oil  was 
worth  one  dollar-  and  ten  cents  per  gallon ; 
putty  seven  cents  a  pound,  and  a  light  of 
glass,  ten  by  twelve,  cost  seven  cents.  This 
store  was  discontinued  in  1834.  In  the  lat- 
ter year  Drs.  Joseph  Kain  and  David  Smith 
started  a  store  of  the  same  kind  at  the  north- 
east corner  of  Third  and  Plum  (Arch) 
Streets.  Early  in  the  year  1835,  Dr.  Smith 
retired  and  moved  away.  Shortly  afterwards, 
in  March  of  the  same  year,  James  Roberts, 
of  Philadelphia,  purchased  the  store  from 
Dr.  Smith,  and  six  months  subsequently  sold 
it  to  Joseph  C  Delacour,  who  still  continues 
the  business,  but  he  has  removed  his  estab- 
lishment to  the  southwest  corner  of  the  same 
streets.  The  medical  directory  for  1885 
enumerates  thirty-six  druggists  in  Camden. 

About  the  year  1855,  Thomas  Hallam 
added  a  drug  department  to  his  store  in 
Gloucester  City,  where  he  compounded  phy- 
siciansi'  prescriptions.  This  was  the  com- 
mencement of.  the  apothecary  business  in 
that  place,  in  which,  at  present,  there  are  five 
pharmacies.  One  was  opened  in  Merehant- 
ville  in  1881  by  C.  H.  Jennings,  and  another 
in  Blackwood  by  Dr.  J.  E.  HurflF  in  1884. 

Camden  City  Medical  Society.— The 
Camden  City  Medical  Society  was  organized 
in  the  city  of  Camden,  June  21,  1853,  by 
Drs.  L.  F.  Fisler,  I.  S.  Mulford,  O.  H.Tay- 


lor, S.  Birdsell,  T.  F.  Cullen  and  J.  V. 
Schenck.  At  this  meeting  a  committee  of 
three,  consisting  of  Drs.  O.  H.  Taylor,  Bird- 
sell  and  Fisler,  was  appointed  to  draught  a 
suitable  constitution  and  by-laws.  This 
meeting  then  adjourned  to  the  16th  instant, 
when  a  constitution  and  by-laws  were  adopted 
and  an  organization  effected  by  the  election 
of  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford,  president ;  Dr.  L.  F. 
Fisler,  vice-president;  Dr.  J.  Y.  Schenck, 
secretary  and  treasurer ;  and  a  standing  com- 
mittee composed  of  Drs.  Cooper,  Birdsell  and 
Cullen.  The  officers  are  elected  yearly,  at 
the  annual  meeting  in  September. 

The  society  is  in  effect,  although  not  in 
fact,  a  subdivision  of  the  County  Society, 
composed  of  those  members  of  the  latter  who 
practice  medicine  in  the  city  of  Camden.  In 
the  list  of  its  members  from  the  organization 
to  the  present  time  there  are  but  seven  who 
were  not  members  of  the  other  society.  Their 
names  are, — 


bate  of  Else.    "^^'Hl''^''^    Kemarks. 


Lorenzo  F.  Fisler 'June  10, 1853 

Jesse  S.  Z.  Sellers Sept.    7, 1P64 

Beynell  Goates Dec.    6,  1867 

D.  N.Mahone  (honoi'ary).  Sept.   3, 1868 

Charles  F.  Clarke iJune  8,1869 

William  G.  Tavlor IMar.  4,  1875 

Charles  A.  Baker Mar.  2,  1870 


Univ. 

Univ. 

Univ. 

Univ. 

Univ 

Jeff. 

Jeff. 


of  Penna. 

of  Penna. 

of  Penna. 

of  Penna. 

of  Penna. 
Med.  Col. 
Med.    Ool. 


Died  1871 
Died 

Died  1886 
Bes'd  1868 
Died  1875 
Died  1877 
Removed 


It  meets  quarterly,  in  the  evening,  gener- 
ally at  the  house  of  one  its  member.s,  but 
since  the  establishment  of  the  Dispensary  it 
occasionally  meets  there.  Its  meetings  have 
never  been  discontinued,  but  sometimes  have 
lapsed  for  want  of  a  quorum.  It  has  a  super- 
vision over  all  medical  matters  that  belong 
exclusively  to  Camden  City,  and  which  are 
not  of  special  interest  to  the  townships  out- 
side of  it.  Reports  made  to  it  of  the  health 
of  the  city,  of  epidemics,  of  medical  an&  other 
cases  of  special  importance,  are  brought  to  the 
attention  of  the  standing  committee  of  the 
County  Medical  Society.  Therefore,  the 
transactions  of  the  City  Society,  as  far  as  re- 
lates to  disease  and  its  treatment,  have  already 
been  given  in  the  history  of  the  former  society. 


260 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEK8EY. 


Formerly  a  subject  of  frequent  discussion 
in  their  meetings  was  the  fee-bill  or  the  rates 
to  be  charged  for  professional  visits  and  cases 
of  surgical  injuries,  it  being  desirable  that  a 
uniform  price  should  be  fixed  upon  by  all  its 
members  for  similar  attendance  upon  the 
sick. 

The  City  Medical  Society  has  always  taken 
an  active  interest  in  all  public  measures  that 
concerned  the  health  or  bodily  welfare  of  the 
citizens  of  Camden.  In  1857,  at  the  request 
of  the  Philadelphia  Board  of  Health,  it  ap- 
pointed delegates  to  meet  in  that  city  with 
those  of  similar  societies  on  May  13th.  for 
conference  in  relation  to  the  establishment  of 
a  uniform  system  of  quarantine  laws.  In 
the  succeeding  year  another  delegation  was 
elected  to  attend  a  like  convention  in  Balti- 
more. 

At  the  meeting  held  July  3,  1858,  a  com- 
mittee composed  of  Drs.  Mulford,  O.  H. 
Taylor  and  Cullen  was  appointed  to  investi- 
gate and  report  upon  the  filthy  condition  of 
the  hydrant  water.  The  paper  which  they 
prepared  condemned  the  management  of  the 
water -works.  It  was  read  at  the  next  meet- 
ing of  the  society,  and  a'  synopsis  of  it  was 
sent  to  the  Public  Ledger  and  to  the  directors 
of  the  company  who  then  controlled  the 
water  supply  of  Camden. 

In  1859  a  resolution  was  introduced  into 
the  society  looking  to  the  establishment  of  a 
Dispensary  in  Camden.  This  will  be  more 
fully  described  in  the  history  of  that  institu- 
tion. In  1865  a  committee  was  appointed  to 
recommend  measures  for  the  prevention  of 
an  invasion  of  the  city  by  cholera,  an  account 
of  whose  work  is  given  in  the  sketch  of 
cholera  in  Camden.  This  committee,  in  ad- 
dition to  the  duty  assigned  to  it,  was,  at  a 
meeting  held  August  9,  1866,  requested  to 
make  inquiry  as  to  the  mode  of  registering 
deaths  in  Philadelphia,  which  having  been 
done,  the  plan  was  recommended  to  City 
Council,  with  the  request  that  they  pass  a 
similar  ordinance. 


At  the  meeting  held  March  4,  1876,  the 
family  of  the  late  Dr.  Richard  M.  Cooper 
presented  his  library  of  medical  works  to  the 
Camden  City  Medical  Society.  A  committee 
was  appointed  to  prepare  an  appropriate  place 
for  it,  and  to  arrange  a  catalogue  of  it.  The 
Dispensary  was  selected  as  a  suitable  building 
in  which  to  deposit  it. 

There  never  had  been  any  coroner's  physi- 
cian for  Camden  County.  In  case  of  sudden 
death,  where  the  coroner  desired  an  investiga- 
tion of  its  cause  by  a  physician,  he  could  call 
upou  any  one  convenient  to  the  inquest.  The 
doctor's  services  were  paid  for  in  each  indi- 
vidual case.  There  having  arisen  some  dis- 
pute between  the  officials  and  the  members  of 
the  Camden  County  Medical  Society  as  to 
the  value  of  the  services  rendered,  a  fee-bill 
was  drawn  up  by  the  society  and  laid  before 
the  proper  authorities.  At  the  meeting  held 
December  2,  1869,  Dr.  Thomas  F.  Cullen 
moved,  "  That  members  of  the  Camden  City 
Society  refuse  to  make  or  assist  at  any  post- 
mortem examination  as  directed  by  the  cor- 
oner or  coroners  of  Camden  County,  or  by  any 
court  or  courts  of  said  county,  until  the  fee- 
bill  as  already  presented  to  the  Board  of 
Chosen  Freeholders,  as  agreed  upon  by  this 
society,  shall  be  accepted  and  agreed  upon  by 
them,  and  the  Board  of  Chosen  Freeholders 
be  notified  by  the  secretary  of  this  society  of 
the  same."  This  resolution  was  adopted  and 
copies  were  ordered  to  be  sent  to  the  Board 
of  Freeholders  and  to  the  managers  of  the 
Dispensary. 

By  this  time  it  became  apparent  that  the 
growth  of  population,  with  its  increasing 
wants,  demanded  a  physician  clothed  with  the 
proper  authority,  and  sufficiently  remunerated 
to  take  charge  of  the  physical  interests  of  the 
public  departments.  The  society  having 
this  object  in  view,  at  its  meeting  in  March, 
1874,  adopted  a  motion,  made  by  Dr.  James 
M.  Ridge,  that  a  committee  should  be  ap- 
pointed to  "  confer  with  the  relief  committee 
of  City  Council  upon  the  appointment  of  a 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


261 


city  physician."  The  result  of  these  repeated 
efforts  of  the  profession  to  arouse  the  atten- 
tion of  the  officials  to  the  ueecls  of  the  com- 
munity was  the  appointment  of  a  county 
physician. 

The  Legislature  of  New  Jersey,  by  an  act 
approved  April  21,  1876,  created  the  office 
of  county  physician.  The  laws  thus  enacted 
and  in  force  give  the  couuty  physician  pre- 
cedence and  authority  in  all  coroner's  cases 
until  he  has  given  orders  for  a  view  or  in- 
quest to  a  coroner  or  justice  of  the  peace. 
He  is  obliged  to  assume  the  responsibility  of 
all  coroner's  work.  Besides  this,  he  furnishes 
medical  attendance  and  gives  medicines  to 
the  inmates  of  the  county  jail.  His  salary 
is  eight  hundred  dollars  per  annun^wi  lieu 
of  all  fees. 

Dr.  Randall  W.  Morgan  was  county 
physician  from  1876  to  1881  ;  Dr.  Wm.  H. 
Ireland,  from  1881  to  1884;  and  Dr.  Gross, 
the  present  incumbent,  since  the  latter  date. 

Pensioist  Boari). — In  June,  1884,  a 
United  States  Pension  Board  of  Examining 
Surgeons  was  established  in  Camden.  It  is 
one  of  three  assigned  to  New  Jersey,  the 
other  two  being  respectively  at  Newark  and 
Trenton.  It  was  composed  as  follows,  viz.: 
Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  president;  Dr.  James 
A.  Armstrong,  treasurer ;  Dr.  Onan  B. 
Gross,  secretary.  Upon  the  change  of  ad- 
ministration of  the  government,  the  board 
was  reorganized  in  July,  1885,  by  the  ap- 
pointment of  Dr.  James  M.  Ridge,  president ; 
Dr.  John  W.  Donges,  treasurer;  and  Dr. 
Onan  B.  Gross,  secretary.  The  board  meets 
every  Wednesday  at  the  Dispensary  for  the 
purpose  of  examining  applications  for  pen- 
sions. 

Camden  City  Dispensary. — The  first 
movement  towards  establishing  a  Dispensary 
in  Camden  was  made  in  1859.  Dr.  O.  H. 
Taylor,  when  a  young  graduate  in  medicine, 
had  been  a  visiting  physician  for  the  Phila- 
delphia Dispensary,  and  was  impressed  with 
the  usefulness  and  the  beneficent  charity  of 


such  an  institution  in  a  young  city.  At  the 
meeting  of  the  Camden  City  Medical  Society 
held  March  3d,  in  that  year,  he  brought  to 
its  attention  the  propriety  of  petitioning  City 
Council  for  the  establishment  of  a  Dispensary. 
This  was  discussed  and  laid  over  until  the 
next  meeting,  on  June  2d,  when  a  committee 
of  three,  composed  of  Drs.  O.  H.  Taylor,  R. 
M.  Cooper  and  L.  F.  Fisler,  was  appointed 
"  to  frame  a  memorial  to  the  City  Council  of 
Camden,  in  order  to  co-operate  with  the  City 
Medical  Society  in  the  establishment  of  a  City 
Dispensary."  At  the  December  meeting  the 
committee  read  a  report,  and  after  considera- 
ble debate  in  regard  to  the  encouragement 
likely  to  be  extended  by  those  appealed  to  for 
aid,  the  subject  was  indefinitely  postponed. 

After  the  call  of  President  Lincoln  for 
three  hundred  thousand  men  was  made,  De- 
cember 19,  1864,  it  became  evident  that 
another  conscription  for  troops  would  be  en- 
forced in  Camden.  A  number  of  men  formed  an 
association  called  "  The  North  Ward  Bounty 
Association,"  to  insure  such  of  its  members 
as  might  be  drafted  against  enforced  mili- 
tary duty,  by  paying  a  bounty  to  volunteers 
to  fill  the  places  of  those  whose  names  might 
be  drawn  from  the  wheel.  The  drawing 
had  been  made  in  Camden,  and  part  of  its 
quota  had  been  filled,  when  the  surrender  of 
Lee  at  Appomattox  closed  the  war  and 
stopped  recruiting.  During  this  month  the 
members  of  the  North  Ward  Bounty  Associ- 
ation held  a  meeting  and  passed  a  resolution 
appropriating  the  sum  left  in  the  hands  of 
Thomas  McKean,  treasurer,  amounting  to 
$3966.96,  to  charitable  purposes.  After 
consultation  with  Dr.  Taylor  and  other 
members  of  the  City  Medical  Society,  Mr. 
McKean  determined,  with  the  committee 
of  the  association,  to  appropriate  it  toward 
the  founding  of  a  Dispensary.  He  and 
Samuel  B.  Garrison  were  selected  as  a  com- 
mittee to  make  inquiries  as  to  the  manner 
and  practicability  of  establishing  the  same.  On 
May  4,  1865,  a  special  meeting  of  the  Med- 


262 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


ical  Society  was  convened  for  the  purpose  of 
taking  "  action  in  reference  to  a  resolution 
passed  at  tiie  last  meeting  of  the  North  Ward 
Bounty  Association,  devoting  funds  on  hand 
to  the  establishment  of  a  Dispensary  in  the 
City  of  Camden."  A  committee  was  then 
appointed  to  confer  with  the  above-named 
gentlemen,  consisting  of  Drs,  O.  H.  Taylor, 
Fisler,  Cooper,  Schenck  and  Cullen. 

Subsequently  a  minority  of  the  members  of 
the  Bounty  Fund  Association  became  dissat- 
isfied with  the  disposition  that  had  been 
made  of  the  funds,  and  they  held  a  meeting 
on  May  24, 1865,  and  passed  a  resolution,  ad- 
dressed to  Messrs.  McKean  and  Garrison,  to 
distribute  the  money  among  the  "contributors 
and  drafted  men."  This  action  caused  some 
litigation,  which  was  decided  by  the  court  in 
favor  of  the  Dispensary.  At  a  meeting  of 
the  society  held  in  December  of  the  same  year 
the  committee  on  Dispensary  reported  that 
negotiations  were  in  progress  for  the  purchase 
of  the  Perseverance  Hose-House,  and  that  a 
gentleman  had  purchased  twelve  cots,  which 
he  designed  presenting  to  the  institution.  At 
the  next  meeting,  in  March,  1866,  it  was 
reported  that  the  hose-house  on  Third  Street, 
below  Market,  had  been  purchased,  and  that 
a  room  was  being  fitted  up  for  the  meetings 
of  the  society,  and  that  A.  Browning,  Esq., 
had  offered  his  services  gratuitously  for  pro- 
curing a  charter  for  a  corporate  body.  The 
committee  were  instructed  to  organize  the 
Dispensary  in  conjunction  with  such  citizens 
as  may  be  appointed  to  act  with  them,  and 
the  plan  of  organization  drawn  up  by  the 
society  in  1859  was  reported  and  accepted. 
Subscription  books  were  ordered  to  be  pre- 
pared for  each  member,  for  druggists  and 
other  citizens.  On  March  17th  the  keys  of  the 
Dispensary  were  handed  to  the  society,  with 
the  request  that  it  should  carry  on  the  insti- 
tution until  a  charter  could  be  obtained  from 
the  next  Legislature  authorizing  a  board  of 
managers.  On  March  21st  the  following 
visiting  physicians   were  appointed  :  North 


Ward,  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor ;  Middle  Ward, 
Dr.  John  R.Stevenson  ;  and  South  Ward,Dr, 
A.  Marcy.  O.  G.  Taylor  was  elected  druggist 
and  superintendent.  The  consulting  physi- 
cians, who  were  appointed  at  the  next  stated 
meeting  in  June,  were  Drs.  R.  M.  Cooper,  L. 
F.  Fisler  and  Thomas  F.  Cullen. 

The  Dispensary  was  opened  immediately 
and  managed  by  the  medical  committee  until 
the  procurement  of  the  charter,  approved 
February  5,  1867,  in  which  Drs.  Isaac  S. 
Mulford,  O'.  H.  Taylor,  Richard  M.  Cooper, 
Lorenzo  F.  Fisler,  Thomas  F.  Cullen,  John 
V.  Schenck,  William  S.  Bishop,  Bowman 
Hendry,  James  M.  Ridge,  H.  Genet  Taylor 
and  John  R.  Stevenson  were  named  as  cor- 
poratars.  Under  this  charter  an  organization 
was  effected  March  7,  1867,  by  the  election 
of  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford,  president ;  Dr.  L.  F. 
Fisler,  vice-president;  Dr.  J.  R.  Stevenson, 
secretary ;  and  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper,  treasurer. 
On  the  12th  of  December  of  the  same  year 
the  Perseverance  Hose-House  was  conveyed 
to  the  corporation,  the  consideration  being 
two  thousand  dollars.  The  first  annual  meet- 
ing of  the  corporators  and  contributors,  as  pro- 
vided by  the  constitution  and  by-laws  which 
had  been  adopted  the  1 8th  of  April  of  the  year 
previous,  was  held  January  14, 1868,  at  which 
it  was  reported  that  the  net  amount  received 
from  the  draft  fund  had  been  $3776.94,  of 
which  $2128.03  had  been  expended,  leaving 
a  balance  on  hand  of  $1648.91.  Since  the 
opening  of  the  institution  the  cash  contri- 
butions were  one  thousand  one  hundred  and 
twenty-seven  dollars,  besides  donations  of 
various  articles  to  the  value  of  sixty  dol- 
lars. Of  this  there  was  a  balance  of  §3.33 
on  hand.  The  total  number  of  patients  pre- 
scribed for  had  been  six  hundred  and  eighty- 
two,  and  the  total  number  of  prescriptions 
compounded,  two  thousand  and  twenty-three. 
On  the  21st  of  January  the  reorganization  of 
the  Dispensary  under  the  new  charter  took 
place,  at  which  Drs.  Thomas  F.  Cullen  was 
elected  president ;    John   V.  Schenck,  vice- 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


263 


president ;  E,.  M.  Cooper,  secretary  and  treas- 
urer. Dr.  Cullen  served  as  president  until 
1870,  when  Thomas  A.  Wilson  was  elected. 
He  was  succeeded  in  1874  by  John  Morgan, 
who  continued  in  office   until  his  death,  in 

1881.  The  next  president  was  Thomas  Mc- 
Keen,  who  died  in  1884,  when  Dr.  Alexan- 
der Marcy,  the  present  incumbent,  was  elected 
to  fill  the  vacancy.  Dr.  John  V.  Schenck 
continued  to  be  vice-president  until  his  death, 
in  1883,  when  Dr.  Alexander  Marcy  became 
vice-president,  who,  upon  his  election  to  be 
president  in  1 884,  was  succeeded  by  the  pres- 
ent official,  Maurice  Browning.  Upon  the 
resignation  and  removal  from  the  city  of  the 
secretary,  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson,  in  1867, 
Dr.  E.  M.  Cooper  was  appointed  to  the  va- 
cancy, holding  the  combined  office  of  secre- 
tary and  treasurer  until  his  death,  in  1874, 
when  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  was  elected  secre- 
tary, a  position  he  still  holds,  and  Joseph  B. 
Cooper  became  treasurer,   but  resigned   in 

1882.  The  present  treasurer,  R.  H.  Reeve, 
succeeded  him.  O.  G.  Taylor,  the  druggist 
and  superintendent,  elected  March  21,  1865, 
served  continuously  for  nearly  twenty  years, 
during  which  time  he  never  made  a  mistake. 
His  health  failing,  so  that  he  was  unable  to 
perform  his  duties,  he  resigned  January  10, 
1886,  and  died  shortly  afterwards  in  the  same 
year.     Dr.  H.  F.  Palm;  now  fills  the  post. 

In  the  year  1868  City  Council  appropri- 
ated three  hundred  dollars  a  year  to  the  Dis- 
pensary, in  consideration  of  the  services  it 
rendered  to  the  poor  of  the  city.  This  ap- 
propriation continued  until  the  year  1879, 
when  an  ordinance  was  passed  authorizing 
its  sanitary  committee  to  divide  the  city  into 
three  districts  and  make  a  contract  with  the 
board  of  managers  of  the  Dispensary  to  fur- 
nish medical  attendance  and  medicines  to  the 
poor  of  the  city  for  the  sum  of  sixteen  hun- 
dred dollars  per  annum.  This  agreement 
was  ratified  on  June  1st  of  that  year,  and 
the  following  physicians  were  elected  by  the 
board  of  managers,  viz.:  For  the  First  District, 


Dr.  O.  B.  Gross;  Second  District,  Dr.  C.  M, 
Schellinger ;  Third  District,  Dr.  M.  West— 
with  a  salary  of  two  hundred  dollars  a  year 
for  each.  Prior  to  this  time  all  the  physi- 
cians who  had  attended  to  the  Dispensary  had 
given  their  services  gratuitously.  The  younger 
members  of  the  society  had  each,  in  their 
turn,  filled  these  positions,  serving  until  a 
new  member — usually  a  young  graduate  in 
medicine — would  relieve  them  from  this  duty. 
These  physicians  had  been  elected  by  the  City 
Medical  Society  and  were  accountable  to  it, 
but  when  the  officers  became  salaried,  then 
their  selection  was  transferred  to  the  board  of 
managers  of  the  Dispensary.  This  contract 
with  the  city  was  renewed  annually  at  the 
same  price,  until  1885,  when  the  latter  opened 
it  to  the  lowest  bidder.  The  board  offered  to 
renew  it  at  sixteen  hundred  dollars,  which 
was  not  accepted  ;  consequently  the  election 
of  the  district  physicians  was  abandoned,  and 
the  Medical  Society  again  resumed  its  free 
attendance. 

When  the  Dispensary  building  was  fitted 
up,  the  first  floor  was  divided  into  two  rooms, 
the  front  one  being  used  as  a  pharmacy  and 
the  rear  one  as  an  office  in  which  to  examine 
patients.  Meetings  were  also  held  here. 
During  the  winter  of  1866  and  1867  a 
course  of  gratuitous  medical  lectures  was  de- 
livered here  to  the  students  of  Rev.  T.  M. 
Reilly's  Theological  School.  Dr.  John  R. 
Stevenson  lectured  on  materia  medica  and 
practice  of  medicine,  and  Dr.  H._  Genet  Tay- 
lor on  anatomy  and  surgery  to  these  young 
men,  who  were  preparing  themselves  for  mis- 
sionary work  in  the  Territories.  In  the  year 
1884  an  additional  room  was  built  in  the 
rear,  to  be  used  for  holding  consultations. 
At  first  the  second  floor  was  filled  with  hos- 
pital cots  for  the  reception,  of  persons  who 
might  receive  accidental  injuries ;  but  as  suffi- 
cient means  could  not  be  raised  to  provide 
nurses  and  open  a  culinary  department,  the 
project  was  abandoned,  and  the  beds  were 
sold  in  1869.     In  1868  this  room  was  rented 


26J: 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


to  Dr.  Reynell  Coates  for  five  dollars  a 
month,  who  lived  in  it  until  1877.  The 
Microscopical  Society  occupied  it  after  1878. 
The  "  Board  of  Pension  Examining  Sur- 
geons" rented  it  in  1885.  When  unoccupied 
it  is  used  for  holding  special  meetings  of 
both  the  City  and  County  Medical  Societies. 
Miss  Elizabeth  Cooper,  who  died  in  1884, 
left  a  bequest  to  the  Dispensary  of  one  thou- 
sand dollars. 


of  establishing  a  hospital  in  West  Jersey 
had  been  for  some  time  contemplated  by 
the  brothers  William  D.  and  Dr.  Richard 
M.  Cooper,  descendants  of  William  Cooper, 
the  first  settler  at  Coopers  Point,  but  dur- 
ing their  lifetime  they  had  taken  no  active 
steps  in  that  direction.  William  D.  Cooper, 
shortly  before  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
1875,  expressed  a  wish  that  fifty  thousand 
dollars  should  be   set  apart  from  his  estate 


COOPER  HOSPITAL. 


During  the  year  1886  the  attending  physi- 
cian had  treated  one  thousand  one  hundred 
and  forty-seven  medical  and  surgical  cases, 
and  four  thousand  two  hundred  and  ninety- 
five  prescriptions  had  been  compounded. 
The  cost  of  this  was  $1335.34,  which  left  a 
balance  of  $242.80  out  of  receipts  amounting 
to  $1578.14. 

The    Cooper    Hospital. — The   project 


and  used  for  hospital  purposes.  The  devisees 
of  his  estate,  who  were  his  sisters  Sarah  W. 
and  Elizabeth  B.  Cooper,  in  accordance  with 
their  brother's  wish,  took  the  matter  into 
consideration,  and  deeming  fifty  thousand 
dollars  insufficient  for  the  erection  and  main- 
tenance of  such  an  institution,  generously 
decided  to  contribute  two  hundred  thousand 
dollars  for  that  purpose.     In  addition  to  this, 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


265 


they  also,  with  their  brother,  Alexander  Coo- 
per, conveyed  the  plot  of  ground  on  which 
the  hospital  now  stands.  The  ground  extends 
north  and  south  from  Mickle  to  Benson 
Streets  and  east  and  west  from  Sixth  to 
Seventh  Streets,  and  is  valued  at  about  fifty 
thousand  dollars,  making  the  total  amount 
two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars.  In 
accordance  with  the  desire  of  the  donors 
a  charter  was  obtained  and  the  act  of  in- 
corporation provided  that  the  corporators 
should  constitute  the  board  of  managers,  and 
that  they  should  have  exclusive  control  of 
the  funds  as  set  forth  in  the  act,  and  in  ac- 
cordance therewith,  the  two  hundred  thousand 
dollars  was  placed  in  their  hands. 

The  act  provided  for  the  construction  of 
suitable  buildings  for  hospital  purposes  on 
the  grounds  above  mentioned,  and  also  con- 
tains the  following :  "  The  object  of  said  cor- 
poration shall  be  to  afford  gratuitous  medical 
and  surgical  aid,  advice,  remedies  and  care  to 
such  invalid  or  needy  persons  as  under  the 
rules  and  by-laws  of  said  corporation  shall  be 
entitled  to  the  same."  The  board  of  mana- 
gers commenced  work  on  the  erection  of  the 
hospital  building  in  the  latter  part  of  1875, 
but  during  the  progress  of  the  work  many 
improvements  not  at  first  contemplated  were 
made,  so  that  when  the  structure  was  com- 
pleted, in  1877,  the  entire  cost  including 
laying  out  of  the  grounds  had  amounted  to 
ninety-five  thousand  dollars,  a  much  larger 
sum  than  was  at  first  estimated  would  be 
required.  This  left  a  balance  of  one  hun- 
dred and  five  thousand  dollars  for  the  pur- 
pose of  an  endowment  fund,  which  was 
invested  in  New  Jersey  mortgages  bearing 
seven  per  cent,  interest.  In  1878  the  legal 
rate  of  interest  was  reduced  to  six  per  cent., 
which  materially  lessened  the  income  to  be 
used  in  defraying  the  operating  expenses 
of  the  hospital,  and  the  board  of  mana- 
gers, after  taking  into  consideration  the  in- 
come thus  unexpectedly  reduced,  concluded 
that  the  amount  was  not  sufficient  to  main- 


tain the  hospital  as  at  first  projected,  and 
deemed  it  advisable  to  add  the  yearly  income 
to  the  endowment  fund  until  a  sufficient  sum 
was  invested  to  guarantee  the  income  neces- 
sary to  support  the  institution.  The  man- 
agers believed  that  the  delay  in  the  opening 
thus  caused  would  result  to  the  benefit  of  the 
public  in  the  larger  accommodations  which 
the  increased  fund  would  permanently  secure. 
The  sum  now  invested  (1886)  the  board  of 
managers  consider  sufficient  to  warrant  the 
opening  of  the  institution. 

The  building  is  constructed  of  Leiperville 
gray  stone,  with  hollow  walls  lined  with 
brick,  three  stories  high.  The  entire  depth 
is  two  hundred  and  twenty-four  feet  by  an 
average  width  of  forty-six  feet.  The  front, 
or  administration  building,  is  fifty-six  feet 
by  forty-six  feet,  and  contains  rooms  for 
offices,  managers,  physicians,  matrons,  apoth- 
ecary and  operating  rooms,  stores,  etc.,  and 
is  connected  with  the  hospital  by  a  corridor 
twenty  feet  by  fourteen,  on  each  side  of 
which  tare  linen  rooms  for  the  use  of  the 
hospital. 

There  is  a  male  and  female  ward,  each 
thirty-one  by  seventy-seven  feet,  connecting 
with  sitting-rooms  thirty  by  thirty-one  feet. 
Adjoining  and  connected  with  these  wards, 
are  four  small  wards,  each  twelve  by  twenty- 
two  feet ;  there  are  also  four  wards  in  the 
administration  building,  each  sixteen  by 
eighteen  feet;  the  cubic  air  space  is  about 
two  thousand  four  hundred  feet,  and  the 
floor  space  about  one  hundred  and  seventy 
feet  to  each  patient.  The  basement  of  the 
hospital  building  contains  the  dining-rooms 
and  apartments  for  servants.  Particular  at- 
tention has  been  paid  to  the  sanitary  arrange- 
ments of  the  hospital.  It  is  heated  through- 
out with  steam,  besides  having  open  fire- 
places in  most  of  the  wards  and  rooms; 
the  ventilation  is  effected  by  means  of  steam 
coils  placed  in  two  large  aspirating  shafts, 
connected  with  which  are  flues  opening  into 
the  wards ;  fresh  air  is  supplied  from  aper- 


266 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


tures  in  the  ceilings  leading  outside.  The 
boiler  and  laundry  rooms  are  located  in  a 
separate  building  connected  with  the  main 
building  by  an  under-ground  passage.  The 
hospital  will  be  opened  at  first  with  about 
fifteen  beds.  Under  the  rules  contemplated 
the  medical  staff  will  consist  of  consulting, 
visiting  and  resident  physicians  and  surgeons. 
The  board  of  managers  are, — President,  Alex- 
ander Cooper;  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  John 
W.  Wright ;  Peter  L.  Voorhees,  Rodolphus 
Bingham,  Joseph  B.  Cooper,  Augustus  Reeve, 
^^'illiam  B.  Cooper  and  Richard  H.  Reeve.^ 

BIOGRAPHIES    OF   PHYSICIANS 

Who  practiced  Medicine  in  Camden  County  since  the  or- 

gimization  of  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society 

in  1846,  who  are  deceased  or  have  removed : 

Isaac  Skillmakt  Mulfoed  was  the  son 
of  Henry  and  Sarah  Mul ford,  and  was  born 
at  Alloway's  Creek,  Salem  County,  N.  J.,  on 
December  31,  1799.  Selecting  the  profes- 
sion of  medicine,  he  entered  the  office  of  Dr. 
Joseph  Parrish,  of  Philadelphia,  as  a  student 
in  1819,  and  in  the  same  year  he  attended 
medical  lectures  at  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, from  which  institution  he  grad- 
uated in  1822.  He  served  for  one  year  as 
resident  physician  in  the  Pennsylvania  Hos- 
pital and  in  1823  began  the  practice  of  med- 
icine in  Camden,  then  a  mere  village,  popu- 
larly known  as  the  "  Ferry,"  in  which,  at 
that  date.  Dr.  Samuel  Harris  was  the  only 
physician.  His  practice  grew  as  Camden  in- 
creased in  population  until  he  became  a  lead- 
ing physician,  a  position  he  retained  for  the 
whole  of  his  career  of  fifty  years  of  profes- 
sional labor.  He  was  noted  for  his  skill  in 
the  diagnosis  of  disease,  a  faculty  that  seemed 
to  be  intuitive  with  him. 

Dr.  Mulford  was  a  pioneer  in  the  organi- 
zation of  Camden  County  and  City  Medical 
Societies  and  City  Dispensary,  and  he  served 
as  president  of  all  of  them.  His  keen  insight 
into  the  needs  of  the  people  and  his  accurate 

1  Transactions    New  Jersey   State   Medical  Society 
1885. 


judgment  and  precision  in  all  technical  de- 
tails were  valuable  aids  in  laying  the  firm 
foundations  upon  which  those  superstructures 
were  erected..    He  attained  an  enviable  pre- 
eminence in  the  community  for  the  honesty, 
the  firmness  and  the  correctness  of  his  convic- 
tions, both  in  professional  and  secular  affairs. 
Although  never  an  office-seeker,   such   was 
the  confidence  of  his  fellow-citizens  in  his 
patriotism  and  public  spirit  that,  when  meet- 
ings were  held  upon  any  important  civic  oc- 
casions, such  as  the  firing  upon  Fort  Sumter 
at  the  commencement   of  the  Rebellion,  he 
would    be     called     upon    to   preside    over 
and   to   address  them.     His   speeches  were 
delivered    with  a    logical    force  that     was 
convincing,    and   with    a  rhetoric   that  rose 
at   times   into  eloquence.     He  was  greatly 
interested  in  the  establishment  of  the  pub- 
lic-school system  in  New  Jersey  and  his  ser- 
vices in  its  behalf  were  rewarded  by  the  Ex- 
ecutive of  the  State  by  an  appointment  after 
its  adoption  as  a  member  of  the  State  School 
JBoard    of   Education.     He    was   frequently 
elected  a  member  of  the   School    Board  in 
Camden.     He  was  also  one  of  the  visitors  of 
the  State. Insane  Asylum.     He  was  an  occa- 
sional   lecturer  upon  medical   and  scientific 
subjects  and  was  also  the  author  of  a  number 
of  papers  upon  them  published  in  the  medi- 
cal journals.     In  the  year  1848  he  issued 
from  the  press  the  "  Civil  and  Political  His- 
tory of  New  Jersey,"  a  M'ork  which  has  be- 
come a  standard  book  of  reference. 

Dr.  Mulford  married,  in  1830,  Rachel, 
daughter  of  Isaac  and  Sarah  Mickle,  of 
Gloucester  (now  Camden)  County.  Shortly 
afterwards  he  joined  the  Society  of  Friends 
and  became  a  prominent  member  of  the  New- 
town Meeting,  of  which  he  was  an  elder  un- 
til his  decease.  His  residence  was  upon  the 
south  side  of  Federal  Street,  between  Second 
and  Third,  in  the  building  now  occupied  by 
the  Camden  Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Com- 
pany. He  died  February  10,  1873,  and  is 
buried  in  Newtown  Cemetery.     He  left  three 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


267 


daughters  still  surviviug^-Emma,  \vlio  mar- 
ried Henry  Palmer;  Mary,  the  wife  of  Colonel 
James  M.  Scovel;  and  Anna,  wife  of  Dr. 
Eichard  C.  Dean,  United  States  Navy. 

Benjamin  Whitall  Blackwood  was  a 
descendant  of  John  Blackwood,  the  founder 
of  the  town  of  Blackwood,  in  this  county. 
His  father,  John  Blackwood,  who  at  one  time 
was  associate  judge  of  the  Gloucester  Coun- 
ty Court,  married  Ann  Mickle.     Dr.  Black- 
wood was  born  January  16,  1800,  on  a  farm 
on  the  north  side  of  Newtown  Creek,  about 
a  mile  from  its  mouth.     He  studied  medicine 
under  Dr.  Samuel  Howell,  of  Woodbury,  af- 
terwards of  Princeton,  N.  J.,  and  graduated 
from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  March 
27,  1828.     He  began  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine in  Haddonfield  in  that  year,  but  did  not 
procure   his   license   from   the  New  Jersey 
State  Medical  Society  until  June  12,  1830. 
He  left  Haddonfield,  and  for  a  short  time 
practiced  in  Philadelphia,  but  soon  returned 
to  his  former  residence.     He  joined  the  Cam- 
den County  Medical  Society  in  1847,  but  re- 
signed June  18,  1853,  in  consequence  of  his 
affiliation  with  homoeopathy,  which  was  con- 
trary to  the  code  of  ethics  of  the  society. 
He  married  Mary  Ann  Hopkins,  of  Had- 
donfield, November  24,  1824,  and  died  Jan- 
uary  19,   1866.     His  widow  survived   him 
six  years.     He  had   six  children,   three  of 
whom  are  living ;   two  daughters  still  live 
in  his  residence,  which  he  built  about  1846. 
Dr.  Blackwood  was  a  member  of  the  Society 
of  Friends  and  a  man  of  exemplary  life. 

Jacob  P.  Thornton  was  a  native  of 
Bucks  County,  in  Pennsylvania,  and  his  early 
life  was  spent  on  the  farm  of  his  parents.  In 
1828  he  graduated  in  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  and 
located  in  Haddonfield,  N.  J.,  in  the  same 
year.  He  obtained  considerable  practice  and 
remained  there  until  1849.  He  was  one  of 
the  corporators  of  the  Medical  Society  of 
Camden  County  in  1846  and  acted  as  the 
first  treasurer  for  two  years. 


At  the  meeting  of  the  society  January  16, 
1849,  he  resigned  his  membership  "on  ac- 
count of  the  expense  attending  the  meetings." 
He  soon  after  removed  to  the  State  of 
Ohio,  where  he  is  still  living.  His  practice 
here  covered  a  large  extent  of  territory  and 
in  many  instances  with  indiiFerent  pay.  His 
attendance  on  his  patients  was  faithful  and 
conscientious,  always  discharging  that  duty 
to  the  best  of  his  ability. 

He  was  cotemporary  with  Dr.  Charles  D. 
Hendry  and  their  professional  intercourse  was 
always  pleasant,  his  senior  extending  to  him 
the  assistance  and  advice  arising  therefrom. 
Charles  D.  Hendry^  was  the  descend- 
ant of  physicians  on  both  the  maternal  and 
paternal  line,  and  if  particular  characteristics 
be  transmitted  from  father  to  son,  then  he 
had  the  advantage  of  two  generations  on 
either  side  to  strengthen  and  qualify  him  for 
the  healing  art. 

He  was  the  sou  of  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry, 
of  Haddonfield,  who  was  a  son  of  Dr. 
Thomas  Hendry,  of  Woodbury,  both  prac- 
ticing and  successful  physicians.  His  mother 
was  Elizabeth  Duffield,  a  daughter  of  Dr. 

Charles  Duffield,  who  was  a  son  of  Dr. 

Duffield,  both  of  Philadelphia,  whose  lives 
were  spent  in  the  practice  of  medicine. 

He  was  born  in  Haddonfield  May  8, 1809, 
where  his  parents  then  resided  and  where 
his  father  was  in  active  practice.  From  his 
earliest  recollection  he  was  familiar  with  his 
father's  laboratory  and,  no  doubt,  often  kept 
his  father  busy  answering  questions  relating 
to  the  use  and  application  of  medicines.  The 
skeletons  there  standing  had  no  terror  for 
him  as  a  boy,  but  he  then  saw  the  anatomy 
of  the  human  system,  of  so  much  use  to  him 
in  after-years.  The  diagnosis  of  difficult 
cases  he  often  heard  discussed  when  studying 
his  lessons  for  school,  and  in  his  youth  there 
was  instilled  into  his  mind  things  that  he 
found  advantageous  in  his  profession. 

iBy  Hon.  John  Clement. 


268 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


To  show  that  his  father  intended  he  should 
follow  him,  at  the  age  of  sixteen  he  was 
placed  in  a  drug  store  in  Philadelphia,  and 
graduated  in  pharmacy  in  1830.  He  then 
took  his  place  in  the  classes  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania  and  won  his  diploma  in 
1832. 

He  had  scarcely  attained  his  majority  be- 
fore his  father  required  him  to  ride  and  see 
his  patients,  and  kept  him  under  his  personal 
supervision  for  several  years.  As  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine  was  at  that  time  undergoing 
many  changes,  the  father  differed  widely 
from  the  notions  of  the  son  in  adopting  the 
new  ideas.  Many  amusing  anecdotes  were 
related  by  Dr.  Charles  of  the  the  persistency 
of  Dr.  Bowman  for  the  old  practice. 

On  several  occasions  when  Charles  was 
sent  to  see  patients,  and  had  packed  his  rem- 
edies in  his  pocket,  his  father  would  put  his 
man  on  a  horse  with  the  traditional  medicine- 
chest  to  follow  him,  supposing  he  had  for- 
gotten the  ever  needful  attendants  of  a  prac- 
titioner of  the  "  old  school."  The  old  gentle- 
man would  often  insist  on  certain  rules  being 
followed  as  only  conducive  to  success,  and 
assure  his  son  that  he  would  lose  his  cases 
and  position  if  he  departed  from  them.  With 
all  due  respect  for  his  experience,  old  theories 
gradually  passed  away,  and  at  his  death 
(April  23,  1838)  Charles  had  succeeded  to 
the  practice  with  advanced  and  popular  ideas. 
Following  the  religious  views  of  his  fam- 
ily, he  did  much  toward  the  building  of  an 
Episcopal  Church  in  Haddonfield,  and  was 
elected  one  of  the  vestrymen  April  20, 1843, 
and  so  remained  until  his  death. 

Believing  that  much  advantage  would  be 
derived  from  more  frequent  intercourse  among 
physicians  in  the  county,  and  after  consider- 
able effort  on  his  part,  the  Camden  County 
Medical  Society  was  organized  August  14, 
1846.  This  was  mutually  beneficial,  and 
soon  became  very  popular  in  the  profession. 
In  1849  he  was  selected  to  represent .  the 
society  in  the  American  Medical  Association, 


which  sat  at  Boston,  Mass.,  showing  that  his 
standing  as  a  practitioner   was   appreciated 
among  his  constituents.     He  acted  as  presi- 
dent of  the  county  society  in  1852  and  1853, 
but   in    1865   he  removed  to  Philadelphia, 
and  in  that  year  (June  20th)   resigned  his 
membership.     He  practiced  medicine  in  his 
native   town    and    neighborhood   for   about 
thirty-three  years,  associated  with  others  who 
settled   there   as  the  increase  of  population 
warranted  it.     In  the  early  part  of  his  ser- 
vice the  work  was  exposing  and  laborious, 
presenting    to    him  diseases  in  every  j^hase 
and    under    every  condition,     Being  of  an 
affable  and  pleasant  address,  and  generally 
reaching   a   correct    diagnosis    of    the   case 
before  him,  he  soon    became    popular,   and 
secured    the  confidence    of  the  community. 
His  care  of  and  attention  to  his  patients  was 
proverbial,  and    he  seldom  allowed   stormy 
weather,  bad  roads  or  dark  nights  to  break 
in  upon  this  rule.     His  operations  in  surgery 
were  limited,  and  in  difficult  cases  he  always 
obtained  the  assistance  of  experts. 

He  gave  considerable  attention  to  climatic 
changes  and  miasmatic  influences  as  control- 
ling the  health  of  the  neighborhood,  and 
drawing  the  attention  of  his  associates  to 
these  important,  but  then  little  understood, 
subjects. 

Being  the  victim  of  hereditary  gout,  aggra- 
vated by  his  frequent  exposure  to  storms  and 
eold,  his  health  gradually  declined,  and  in 
1865  he  abandoned  his  practice  and  removed 
to  Philadelphia.  He  afterwards  returned  to 
Camden,  and  was  often  consulted  by  those 
who  regarded  his  experience  and  skill  as 
superior  to  all  others.  He  died  April  25, 
1869,  and  lies  buried  in  the  cemetery  at 
Colestown,  beside  the  remains  of  his  ances- 
tors. 

John, Rowan  Sicklee. — There  were  sev- 
eral physicians  who  practiced  within  the 
territory  of  Camden  County  who  never 
were  members  of  its  medical  society.  One 
of    the   most   prominent  of  these  was  Dr. 


A  HISTOKY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


269 


John  E,.  Sickler.     He  was  a  native  of  the 
county,  having  been  born  at  Chews  Land- 
ing September  20,  1800.      He  was  the  son 
of  Christopher  and  Sarah  Sickler.     At  the 
age  of  eighteen  he  entered  the  office  of  Ben- 
jamin B.  Cooper  to  learn  surveying  and  con- 
veyancing,  an   occupation    he  followed   for 
several   years.     Having  a  natural  fondness 
for  the   profession   of  medicine,   he,   when 
twenty-six  years  of  age,  entered  the  office  of 
Dr.   McClellan,  father   of  General  Geo.  B. 
McClellan,  as  a  student,  and  graduated  at  the 
Jefferson  Medical  College  March   18,  1829. 
The  next  day,  at  his  home  in  Chews  Landing, 
he  paid  his  first  professional  visit  to  James 
D.  Dotterer.      He  continued  in  practice  here 
for  four  years,  a  place  where,  according  to  the 
doctor's  books,  the  people  were  remarkable  for 
being  good  pay.  On  the  25th  of  March,  1832, 
he  removed  to  Camden  and  opened  a  drug-store 
on  Federal  Street,  near  the  ferry,  in  which 
he  sold  a  general   assortment  of  drugs,  in- 
cluding paints  and  oils.      It  was  the  only 
store  of  the  kind  then  in  that  city.       Dr. 
Sickler  still  retained  part  of  his  county  prac- 
tice.     After   living  in  Camden  a  little  over 
two  years,   and  his   health  failing,  he  relin- 
quished his  drug  business,  and  on  April  14, 
1834,  returned  to  Chews  Landing.     On  No- 
vember 13th  of  the  same    year  he  moved 
to   Woodbury.      Here    he    remained    until 
March  25,  1836,  when  he  located  at  Car- 
penters   Landing   (now  Mantua)   where  he 
spent  the  remainder  of  his  days.     He  took  an 
active  part  in  public  affairs.  In  1825  he  was 
a  justice  of  the  peace  for  Gloucester  township, 
audbetween  1828  and  1865  he  was  associate 
judge  of  the  Courts  of  Common  Pleas  of  Glou- 
cester County,  which,  up  to  1844,  included  in 
it  Camden  County.      In  the  latter  year  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion of  the  State.     He  was  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Chosen  Freeholders  of  Gloucester 
from  1859  to  1871.     Several  times  he  was  a 
school  trustee.     He  was  one  of  the  building 
committee  that  erected  the  Gloucester  County 


Almshouse,  and  was  its  first  treasurer.  Be- 
sides attending  to  these  official  duties,  he 
joined  in  the  State,  county  and  district  con- 
ventions of  the  Democratic  party,  of  which 
he  was  a  member.  During  all  these  years  of 
public  life  he  pursued  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine with  skill  and  success.  He  took  much 
interest  in  the  Gloucester  County  Medical 
and  State  Medical  Societies,  being  a  member 
of  both,  and  at  one  time  president  of  the 
latter.  In  the  year  1876,  when  seventy-six 
years  old,  he  retired  from  business.  He 
died  April  11,  1886. 

Myles  and  Martin  Synott  were  broth- 
ers. Their  father  was  Irish  and  their  mother 
American.  They  were  natives  of  Mays 
Landing.  The  elder  brother,  Myles,  was 
born  in  1806,  and  the  younger,  Martin,  April 
8,  1812.  The  former  studied  with  Dr.  Ja- 
cob Fisler,  who  afterward  married  the  Drs. 
Synott's  mother.  He  graduated  at  the  Jef- 
ferson Medical  College  in  1831  and  com- 
menced the  practice  of  medicine  in  Chews 
Landing  in  1833.  He  remained  here  until 
1841,  when  he  removed  to  Glassboro',  Glou- 
cester County,  where  he  died  February  9, 
1867.  He  was  noted  for  his  wit.  He  was 
very  strict  concerning  his  instructions  to  his 
patients,  and  once  blistered  a  man's  feet  be- 
cause he  refused  to  stay  in  the  house  when 
ordered  to  do  so.^  He  married  Harriet 
Whitney,  of  Glassboro',  in  1843,  and  left 
three  children,  still  living. 

Dr.  Martin  Synott  studied  medicine  with 
his  brother  and  graduated  at  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College  in  1839.  He  also  located 
at  Chews  Landing,  where  he  practiced  until 
1845,  when  he  removed  to  Blackwood,  where 
he  died  April  8,  1877.  He  was  a  man  of 
tact  and  skill  in  his  profession.  He  married 
Rebecca  Jaggard,  February  12,  1844.  Two 
daughters  survive  him. 

Joseph  Anderson  Stout,  was  the  son  of 
Benjamin  and  Grace  Stout,  of  Attleborough 

iDr.  Somers'  "  Medical  History  of  Atlantic  County." 


270 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


(Langhorne),  Bucks  County,  Pa.,  where  he 
was  born  in  1807.  He  studied  medicine 
under  Dr.  Boil,  and  graduated  in  New  York 
in  1831.  Some  time  afterwards  he  located  in 
Long-a-Coming  (now  Berlin),  Camden  Coun- 
ty, his  practice  extending  to  Winslow,  Water- 
ford  and  the  surrounding  country.  In  1838 
he  removed  to  Tuckahoe,  Cape  May  County. 
From  thence  he  went  to  Somers  Point,  At- 
lantic County,  succeeding  Dr.  Lewis  S. 
Somers,  who  had  removed  to  Philadelphia. 
While  in  Tuckahoe  he  married,  in  1839, 
Miss  M.  S.  Godfrey,  a  sister  of  Hon.  John 
Godfrey,  who,  after  the  death  of  Dr.  Stout, 
married  a  Mr.  Ogden.  Dr.  Stout  died  at 
Somers  Point  April  11,  1848,  and  was 
buried  in  Zion  Churchyard,  at  Bargaintown. 
He  was  a  believer  in  the  faith  of  universal 
salvation.  He  left  four  sons,  but  one  of 
whom  is  living.^ 

Lorenzo  F.  Fisler  was  born  on  a  farm 
in  the  upper  end  of  Cumberland  County, 
near  Fislerville,  on  the  20th  of  April,  1797. 
He  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Benjamin  and  Catha- 
rine Fisler.  '  He  studied  medicine  with  his 
father,  who  then  practiced  medicine  in  Port 
Elizabeth,  and  as  early  as  1815  he  assisted 
the  latter  in  his  profession.  Dr.  Fisler  at- 
tended lectures  at  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  graduated  therefrom  in  1819. 
He  had  two  brothers,  physicians, — Samuel, 
his  twin  brother,  and  Jacob  who  practiced  in 
Mays  Landing,  Atlantic  County.  Dr.  Lo- 
renzo F.  Fisler  began  his  professional  career 
with  his  brother  Benjamin  in  the  latter  place, 
where,  being  a  good  speaker,  he  occasionally 
preached  in  the  Methodist  Church.  He  re- 
mained here  only  a  short  time.  He  removed 
to  Woodstown,  in  Salem  County,  and  in  1825 
he  passed  his  examination  before  the  board 
of  censors  of  that  county.  In  1832  he  re- 
turned to  Port  Elizabeth,  and  in  1836  he  lo- 
cated in  Camden,  his  office  being  on  Second 
Street  below  Market.     In  this  city  he  soon 

1  Dr.  Somers'  "Medical  History  of  Atlantic  County." 


secured  a  good  practice,  at  the  same  time 
joining  actively  in  public  affairs.     He  was 
mayor  of  the  city  seven  times.     Dr.  Fisler 
was  a  clear  and   logical  writer,  and  was  the 
author  of  a  pamphlet   history    of  Camden, 
published  in  1858.     As  a  public  lecturer  he 
was  noted  for  his  pleasing  address  and  hu- 
morous satire,  and  he  was  frequently  invited 
to  deliver  addresses   before  associations  of  a 
benevolent  or  charitable  character.  He  never 
joined  either  the  State  or  County  Medical  So- 
cieties, but  he  was  one  of  the  organizers  and 
a  most  efficient  member  of  the  Camden  City 
Medical  Society.     Dr.  Fisler  died  in  Cam- 
den, March  31,  1871.     He  married  Anna 
Maria,   daughter   of  Richard    Somers    and 
Rachael   Risley,  of  Woodstown,  who,   with 
five  children,  are  still  living. 

William  Parham  was  one  of  the  physi- 
cians in  Camden  County  who  never  joined 
its  medical  society.  He  was  born. in  1803, 
in  Jerusalem,  Va.  He  studied  medicine  in 
Lexington,  Ky.,  and  began  its  practice  in 
Alabama.  From  there  he  went  to  Central 
America  and  was  a  surgeon  in  a  battle  in 
Yucatan.  After  that  he  returned  to  the 
United  States,  and  remained  for  a  time  in 
Philadelphia.  He  then  selected  Tom's  River, 
in  Ocean  County,  N.  J.,  as  a  field  for 
practice,  but  in  1836  he  removed  to  Tansboro'j 
in  Camden  County,  from  which  place  his 
professional  visits  extended  to  the  adjacent 
towns  of  Waterford  and  Winslow.  In  a  few 
years  Dr.  Parham  removed  to  Williamstown, 
and  thence  in  1846  to  Blackwood.  He  con- 
tinued to  practice  medicine  here  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  April  2,  1855.  He 
married,  at  Barnegat,  Ocean  County,  Febru- 
ary 28,  1833,  Juliana,  daughter  of  Dr. 
Bugbee,  who  was  a  native  of  Vermont.  They 
had  no  children. 

George  Barrows  was  an  Englishman 
and  received  his  medical  education  in  his 
native  country.  With  a  wife  and  one  child 
he  landed  penniless  in  New  York  in  1836. 
Accidentally  meeting  in  that  city  with  Sooy 


-/^ 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


271 


Thompson,  of  Pleasant  Mills,  Atlantic 
County,  N.  J.,  he  was  induced  by  him  to 
settle  in  the  latter  place,  where  he  boarded 
with  Mr.  Thompson  until  he  could  procure 
a  home  for  himself.  Here  he  diligently  ap- 
plied himself  to  the  practice  of  his  profession.^ 
Between  the  years  1840  and  1844  he  re- 
mo  ved  to  Tansboro',  in  Camden  County.  At  a 
meeting  of  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society 
held  December  21, 1847,  a  committee  was  ap- 
pointed to  investigate  the  credentials  of  Dr. 
Barrows.  They  reported  that  there  was  on 
file  in  the  clerk's  office  a  certified  copy  of  a 
diploma  granted  to  him  in  1836  by  Dr. 
Henry  Vanderveer,  president  of  the  New 
Jersey  State  Medical  Society.  It  does  not 
appear  that  he  ever  applied  for  admission  to 
membership  in  the  County  Medical  Society. 
He  removed  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  died 
in  1852. 

RiCHAKD  Matlack  Coopee. — William 
Cooper,  of  Coleshill,  England,  located  land 
at  Burlington,  N.  J.,  in  1678.  On  June 
12,  1682,  he  had  surveyed  to  him  the 
land  at  Pyne,  now  Coopers  Point,  Cam- 
den, to  which  he  then  removed.  Daniel 
Cooper,  the  youngest  son  of  William,  mar- 
ried twice.  By  the  first  wife  he  had  one 
child,  William,  from  whom  is  descended 
the  family  which  by  inheritance  and  pur- 
chase acquired  a  large  part  of  what  is  now 
the  city  of  Camden,  much  of  it  still  being 
in  their  possession. 

Of  this  family  was  Dr.  Richard  M. 
Cooper,  the  son  of  Richard  M.  and  Mary 
Cooper,  born  in  Camden  August  30,  1816. 
His  father,  who  was  a  man  of  distinc- 
tion, gave  his  son  a  liberal  education.  After 
a  course  of  study  at  a  preparatory  school 
he  entered  the  Department  of  Arts  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1832,  and 
graduated  from  it  in  1836.  He  at  once  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  with  Professor 
George  B.Wood, of  the  Medical  Department 

1  Dr.  Somera'  Medical  "  History  of  Atlantic  County. " 


of  the  same  University,  and  after  attending 
three  courses  of  lectures  there,  received  from 
it  his  degree  of  M.D.  in  1839. 

At  this  date  the  lower  part  of  Camden, 
called  South  Camden,  was  being  settled  by 
negroes  and  poor  whites.  Among  these  Dr. 
Cooper  began  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
gratuitously  dispensing  necessary  medicines. 
His  colleagues  in  the  profession  were  Drs. 
Samuel  Harris,  Isaac  S.  Mulford  and  Loren- 
zo F.  Fisler,  all  men  of  ability  aud  exper- 
ience, with  whom  he  soon  took  an  equal  rank 
as  a  skilful  practitioner. 

Dr.  Cooper  took  an  active  interest  in  the 
organization  of  the  Camden  County  Medical 
Society  in  1846,  being  one  of  its  corpora- 
tors, its  first  secretary  and  subsequently  its 
treasurer.  He  was  a  member  of  its  board  of 
censors  from  the  time  of  their  appointment, 
in  1847,  until  1851,  and  as  such  it  was  his 
duty  to  examine  into  the  qualifications  of  all 
physicians  desiring  to  practice  medicine  in 
the  district. 

Professionally,  Dr.  Cooper  appears  to  have 
attained  almost  the  station  of  the  ideal  phy- 
sician, for  he  had  a  broad  love  for  humanity 
as  well  as  an  enthusiasm  for  the  healing  art. 
"  He  was  distinguished,"  says  one  who  knew 
him,  "  for  that  gentle  and  cheerful  demeanor 
in  a  sick-room  which  not  only  inspired  faith 
in  his  patient,  but  assuaged  the  pangs -of 
many  an  aching  heart.  Such  was  the  esteem 
in  which  he  was  held,  that  many  seemed  to 
believe  that  his  presence  in  a  sick-room 
would  relieve  the  sufferer.  His  skill  and 
constant  studious  research  in  his  profession, 
however,  gave  him  a  success  which  inspired 
this  confidence ;.  and  practicing,  because  he 
loved  to  practice,  gave  him  an  experience 
which  increased  his  knowledge.  ...  A  man 
cast  in  such  a  mold  would  naturally  find 
pleasure  in  forwarding  works  of  charity  and 
benevolence.     It  was  so  in  this  case." 

One  of  Doctor  Cooper's  characteristics  was 
his  modesty.  He  would  not  permit  his  name 
to  be  proposed  for  president  of  the  County 


272 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Medical  Society  until  1871,  because  he  was 
unwilling  to  stand  in  the  way  of  the  promo- 
tion of  its  younger  members.  For  the  same 
reason  he  accepted  the  appointment  of  dele- 
gate to  the  American  Medical  Association 
only  when  its  meetings  were  held  at  a  dis- 
tance, because  he  could  spare  the  time  occu- 
pied, and  the  expense  incurred  in  its  attend- 
ance, better  than  his  fellow-members.  In 
1871  he  read  before  the  Society  a  history  of 
it  from  its  incorporation,  the  MSS.  of  which 
are  preserved  in  the  archives.  He  was  fre- 
quently chairman  of  the  standing  committee, 
and  wrote  the  medical  reports  made  to  the 
New  Jersey  State  Medical  Society,  which 
were  marked  by  a  comprehensive  knowledge 
of  the  diseases  of  his  native  county.  He  be- 
came president  of  the  latter  society  in  1856. 
"Engrossed,  as  Dr.  Cooper  was,  by  the  on- 
erous duties  of  an  exacting  profession,  which 
were  discharged  with  a  fidelity,  skill  and  self- 
abnegation  worthy  of  the  man,  he  found 
time,  amid  all  these,  to  intimately  acquaint 
himself  with  what  was  passing  in  the  busy 
world  around  him.  There  seemed  to  be  no 
subject,  national,  state,  county  or  municipal, 
that  escaped  his  notice,  or  that  he  did  not  ex- 
ercise his  impartial  judgment  in  properly 
considering  and  criticising.  Those  measures 
which  involved  the  vital  concerns  of  the 
coilntry,  when  torn  asunder  for  the  time 
by  fratricidal  strife,  awakened  his  deepest 
thought,  and  when  drawn  out,  he  would 
discuss  them  with  that  unconscious  ability 
characteristic  of  the  man.  He  displayed 
the  same  cogent  reasoning  and  methods  of 
thought  in  reaching  satisfactory  conclusions 
when  giving  expression  to  his  views  in  regard 
to  the  more  intimate  concerns  of  his  State. 
Laws  aifecting  its  policy  or  the  interests  of 
the  people  seldom  escaped  his  observation, 
or  failed  to  provoke  his  favorable  or  ad- 
verse criticism,  and  no  one  could  listen 
without  being  instructed  as  well  as  sur- 
prised at  the  large  fund  of  general  infor- 
mation always  at  hand  to  draw  from  in  illus- 


trating a  point  or  in  enforcing  an  argument. 
But  it  was  in  home  affairs  that  Dr.  Cooper 
showed  his  greatest  interest  and  his  thorough 
acquaintance  with  everything  connected  with 
the  public  welfare.  He  scrutinized  with  the 
greatest  care  every  action  of  the  local  author- 
ities involving  the  city's  welfare,  never 
withholding  his  approval  where  the  step 
to  be  taken  was  warranted  by  the  city's 
finances  and  demanded  for  the  public  good. 
Dr.  Cooper  was  never  indifferent  to  his 
responsibility  as  a  citizen,  and  it  was 
this  that  led 'those  who  knew  him  best  to 
seek  his  advice  and  counsel  when  matters  of 
public  interest  required  the  mature  delibera- 
tion of  one  so  prudent,  unselfish  and  dis- 
criminating." 

Dr.  Cooper  was  one  of  the  originators  of 
the  Camden  City  Medical  Society,  and  was 
a  most  efficient  member.  He  was  a  corpor- 
ator of  the  Camden  City  Dispensary,  and  its 
treasurer  from  its  incorporation  until  his 
death. 

The  Cooper  Hospital,  described  elsewhere, 
was  a  project  of  his,  in  conjunction  with  his 
brother,  Wm.  D.  Cooper,  which,  although  not 
commenced  in  the  lifetime  of  the  projectors 
was,  after  their  decease,  established  and  en- 
dowed by  their  sisters  Sarah  W.  and  Eliza- 
beth B.  Cooper,  who  with  their  brother, 
Alexander  Cooper,  also  conveyed  the  land 
upon  which  the  buildings  are  located. 
For  many  years  Dr.  Cooper  was.  a  sufferer 
from  hereditary  gout,  from  the  consequences 
of  which,  superadded  to  the  labors  of  a  very 
extensive  practice,  he  died  May  24,  1874, 
while,  for  a  second  time,  president  of  his 
favorite,  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society, 
to  which  he  bequeathed,  in  his  will,  the  sum 
of  three  thousand  dollars,  the  interest  of 
which  was  to  be  used  in  defraying  its  ex- 
penses. He  was  a  member  of  the  Society  of 
Friends,  whose  faith  had  been  the  religion  of 
his  ancestors.     He  was  never  married. 

EzEKiEL  Cooper  Che-\v^  commenced  the 
study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry, 


'^/^ 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


273 


of  Haddonfield,  and  completed  his  education 
at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College  in  1843.  He 
was  the  son  of  Nathaniel  and  Mary  Chew,  of 
Greenwich  (now  Mantua)  township,  Glouces- 
ter County,  and  was  born  January  17,  1822. 
He  first  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine 
in  Blackwood,  and  joined  the  Camden 
County  Medical  Society  in  1851.  He  had 
been  a  member  about  two  years,  when  he  left 
this  county  and  removed  to  Iowa,  and  sub- 
sequently settled  in  Indiana,  where  he  was 
still  living  three  years  ago.  Dr.  Chew  was  a 
man  of  commanding  appearance  and  had  a 
fine  physique.  He  married  Miss  Caroline 
Bishop  Woolston,  of  Vincentown,  Burlington 
County,  N.  J.,  and  had  fourteen  children,  of 
whom  seven  sons  and  three  daughters  are 
living,  and  four  sons  are  dead. 

Othniel  Hart  Taylor  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  May  4,  1803.  His  father  was 
William  Taylor,  Jr.,  who  married  Mary  E. 
Gazzam,  both  of  Cambridge,  England, 
whence  they  removed  to  Philadelphia,  in 
which  city  Mr.  Taylor  was  engaged  in  an  ex- 
tensive mercantile  business  for  more  than 
forty  years. 

The  early  life  of  his  son  Othniel  was  occu- 
pied mainly  in  attendance  upon  schools  of 
elementary  instruction  in  Philadelphia  and 
Holmesburg,  Pa.,  and  in  Baskenridge,  N.  J. 
In  1818  he  entered  the  Literary  Department 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  in 
1820  he  became  a  medical  student  in  the  of- 
fice of  that  distinguished  physician  and  sur- 
geon, Thomas  T.  Hewson,  M.D.,  at  the  same 
time  attending  a  course  of  medical  instruction 
in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  He  com- 
pleted his  studies  there  in  1826  and  grad- 
uated with  the  class  of  that  year.  After  his 
graduation,  Dr.  Taylor  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  the  city  of  Philadel- 
phia, where  he  was  very  soon  appointed  one 
of  the  physicians  to  the  City  Dispensary,  in 
which  capacity  he  served  many  years,  and 
about  the  same  time  he  was  elected  out-door 
physician    to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  a 


position  he  held  for  eight  years.  During  the 
year  1832  the  Asiatic  cholera  made  its  first 
appearance  in  this  continent,  and  Dr.  Taylor 
distinguished  himself  by  volunteering  to 
serve  in  the  city  hospitals  which  were  estab- 
lished in  the  emergency  by  the  municipal  au- 
thorities, while  he  was  at  the  same  time  act- 
ing as  one  of  the  Committee  of  Physicians 
appointed  by  the  City  Councils  as  consulting 
physicians  to  their  sanitary  board. 

The  hospital  which  was  especially  in  his 
charge  was  known  as  St.  Augustine  Hos- 
pital, in  Crown  Street,  and  the  number  of 
cholera  patients  reported  by  him  as  under 
treatment  in  that  hospital  was  five  hundred 
and  twelve.  He  was  also  elected  as  one  of 
a  commission  of  medical  men  who  were  sent 
to  Montreal,  in  Canada,  to  study  the  charac- 
ter and  treatment  of  cholera  on  its  out- 
break in  that  city,  and  before  its  appearance 
in  our  cities  ;  but  being  unable  to  accompany 
the  commission,  he  declined  in  favor  of  Dr. 
Charles  D.  Meigs,  who,  with  Drs.  Richard 
Harlan  and  Samuel  Jackson,  made  the  visit 
and  report.  Upon  the  closing  of  the  hospi- 
tals after  the  disappearance  of  the  cholera, 
Dr.  Taylor,  with  seven  other  physicians  who 
had  been  in  charge  of  cholera  hospitals,  re- 
ceived, by  vote  of  the  City  Council,  a  testi- 
monial of  their  appreciation  of  the  services 
which  they  had  rendered  to  the  city,  each  of 
them  being  presented  with  a  service  of  silver 
bearing  inscription  that  it  was  given  "  as  a 
token  of  regard  for  intrepid  and  disinterested 
services." 

In  consequence  of  impaired  health.  Dr. 
Taylor,  in  1838,  relinquished  the  practice  of 
medicine  in  Philadelphia  and  removed  to 
Abington,  Pa. ;  thence  he  went,  in  1841,  to 
Caldwell,  Essex  County,  N.  J.,  and  in  1844 
he  located  himself  in  Camden,  continuing 
actively  in  the  practice  of  medicine  there 
during  the  remainder  of  his  life.^ 

Dr.  Taylor  was  one  of  the  three  physicians 

1  Transactions  New  Jersey  State  Medical  Society, 
1870. 


274 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


of  Camden  City  whose  names  appear  in  the 
list  of  corporators  of  the  Camden  County 
Medical  Society  in  1846,  and  he  was  its  first 
vice-president,  holding  the  office  for  four 
years.  In  1856  he  became  its  president. 
For  twenty-three  years  he  was  one  of  its 
most  attentive,  active  and  efficient  members, 
his  learning  and  experience  rendering  his  ser- 
vices invaluable  in  committee  work.  He 
was  elected  vice-president  of  the  State  Medi- 
cal Society  successively  in  1849,  1850  and 
1851,  and  president  of  that  society  in  1852. 
He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  City 
Medical  Society  and  had  filled  its  most  im- 
portant offices  ;  and  he  introduced  into  it  the 
resolution  for  the  founding  of  a  City  Dispen- 
sary, of  which,  when  eventually  it  was  estab- 
lished, he  was  one  of  the  corporators  and  a 
manager  until  ill  health  compelled  his  retire- 
ment. 

Dr.  Taylor  was  the  author  of  quite  a  num- 
ber of  valuable  articles  and  addresses  upon 
medicine  and  related  subjects  which  were 
published  in  the  medical  and  other  journals. 
In  addition  to  this,  he  was  frequently  a  lec- 
turer before  lyceums  and  other  societies,  and 
this  contributed  much  to  the  intellectual  de- 
velopment of  Camden.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  and  in 
1847  he  was  elected  a  warden  of  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Camden,  and  at  the  time  of  his 
death  he  was  senior  warden  of  that  parish. 

In  1832,  Dr.  Taylor  married  Evelina  C, 
daughter  of  Jehu  and  Anna  Burrough,  of 
Gloucester  (now  Camden  County).  During 
his  residence  in  Camden  he  lived  in  the  house 
on  Market  Street,  above  Third,  built  by  Mrs. 
Burrough  in  1809,  where  the  doctor  died  of 
pneumonic  phthisis  September  5,  1869.  His 
widow  survived  until  September  18,  1878, 
leaving  three  sons — Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor, 
Marmaduke  B.  Taylor  (a  lawyer  in  Camden) 
and  O.  G.  Taylor  (deceased),  who  for  nearly 
twenty  years  was  apothecary  and  superinten- 
dent of  the  Camden  Dispensary. 

William   C.    Mulford   was    a  pioneer 


physician  in  Gloucester  City,  having  re- 
,  moved  to  it  from  Pittsgrove,  Salem  County, 
in  1845,  soon  after  the  first  mill  was  erected 
in  the  former  place.  He  was  the  son  of 
William  and  Ann  Mulford,  and  was  born 
July  17,  1808,  in  Salem  City.  Commencing 
the  study  of  medicine  under  Dr.  Beasley,  he 
attended  medical  lectures  at  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  and  graduated  in  1830. 
He  practiced  medicine  in  Pittsgrove,  Salem 
County,  where  he  married  his  wife,  Emily 
Dare,  on  March  28,  1833.  Upon  his  re- 
moval to  Gloucester  City  he  was  appointed 
its  first  postmaster,  the  post-office  being  in  a 
corner  room  of  the  factory.  Dr.  Mulford 
continued  practicing  his  profession  here 
until  1862,  when  he  was  commissioned  an 
assistant  surgeon  in  the  Third  New  York 
Cavalry,  serving  with  it  for  six  months, 
when  he  was  detailed  for  hospital  duty  in 
Rhode  Island,  and  then  in  W^ashingtou. 
He  was  on  duty  at  and  witnessed  the  execu- 
tion of  Mrs.  Surratt.  He  was  honorably 
discharged  from  the  service  in  April,  1866, 
when  he  recommenced  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine in  Gloucester  City,  and  continued  there 
until  1870.  In  that  year  he  removed  to  a 
farm  he  had  purchased  in  Charles  City 
County,  Va.,  where  he  died  December  3, 
1878.  He  never  joined  either  of  the  medical 
societies. 

Reynell  Coates  moved  to  Camden  in 
1845,  where  he  attended  an  occasional  pa- 
tient during  the  earlier  years  of  his  residence 
in  it.  He  belonged  to  an  old  Philadelphia 
family,  and  was  born  in  that  city  Decem- 
ber 10,  1802.  His  father,  Samuel  Coates, 
sent  him  to  the  well-known  Friends'  School 
at  Westtown.  Afterwards  he  attended  med- 
ical lectures  at  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, where  he  graduated  in  1823.  Dr. 
Coates  was  a  man  of  the  most  brilliant  and 
erratic  genius,  and  a  poet  of  considerable 
reputation.  He  was  a  well-known  author 
upon  medical,  scientific  and  political  sub- 
jects,   and    some   of  his    works    have    been 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  3IEN. 


275 


translated  into  other  languages ;  a  list  of  them 
may  be  found  in  AUibone's  "  Dictionary  of 
Authors."  He  -likewise  for  a  time  took  an 
active  part  in  politics,  and  in  1852  was  the 
candidate  for  Vice  President  on  the  Native 
American  ticket.  Before  he  came  to  Cam- 
den he  had  separated  from  his  wife,  with 
whom  he  had  lived  but  one  year.  In  this 
city  he  was  very  poor  at  times  and  depend- 
ent upon  the  assistance  of  his  relatives  in 
Philadelphia.  Sometimes  he  boarded,  but 
frequently  he  lived  entirely  alone,  doing  his 
own  cooking.  In  1867  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Camden  City  Medical  So- 
ciety. Dr.  Coates  was  the  anonymous  author 
of  a  biography  of  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry,  of 
Haddonfield,  published  in  pamphlet  form 
in  1848.  He  died  in  Camden  April  27, 1886. 
Aaeox  Dickinson  Woodruff  was  the 
first  member  to  join  the  Camden  County 
Medical  Society  after  its  incorporation,  which 
he  did  in  1847.  His  grandfather,  A. 
D.  Woodruff,  was  attorney-general  of  New 
Jersey  from  1800  to  1818.  Dr.  Woodruff 
was  the  son  of  Elias  Decou  Woodruff  and 
Abigail  Ellis  Whitall,  and  was  born  in 
Woodbury,  N.  J.,  May  4,  1818.  Upon  the 
death  of  his  father,  in  1824,  his  mother  re- 
moved to  Georgetown,  D.  C,  and  thence,  in 
1829,  to  Philadelphia.  Dr.  Woodruff  was 
educated  at  the  academy  of  Samuel  Jones. 
At  sixteen  he  entered  the  drug  store  of 
Charles  Ellis,  and  graduated  at  the  College 
of  Pharmacy  in  1838.  In  1840  he  went  to 
Woodville,  Miss.,  to  take  charge  of  a  drug 
store,  but  commencing  the  study  of  medicine, 
he  returned,  in  1842,  to  Philadelphia,  and 
-  pursued  his  studies  under  Dr.  Thomas  Mut- 
ter, professor  of  surgery  in  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  from  which  school  he  grad- 
uated in  1844.  He  spent  a  few  months  in. 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  and  then  com- 
menced the  practice  of  medicine  in  Haddon- 
field, where  he  soon  won  the  confidence  of 
the  people  and  secured  an  extensive  practice. 
In  1865,  in  consequence  of  impaired  health 


from  overwork,  Dr.  Woodruff  retired  from 
practice  and  removed  to  Philadelphia.  He 
resigned  from  the  Medical  Society  in  1871, 
upon  his  removal  to  his  farm  in  Princess 
Anne,  Md.,  but  was '  elected  an  honorary 
member  of  it.  He  died  in  Philadelphia  in 
January,  1881.  He  was  an  elder  in  the 
Presbyterian  Church.  Dr.  Woodruff  mar- 
ried Miss  Anne  Davidson,  of  Georgetown, 
D.  C,  but  left  no  issue. 

Jajies  C.  Risley  was  one  of  the  corpor- 
ators and  first  president  of  the  Camden 
County  Medical  Society,  being  at  that  time 
a  practitioner  of  medicine  at  Long-a-Coming 
(Berlin),  where  he  remained  until  1849.  He 
was  the  son  of  Judge  James  Risley,  of 
Wood&town,  Salem  County,  born  in  June, 
1817.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  J. 
Hunt,  and  was  licensed  by  the  board  of 
censors  of  the  New  Jersey  State  Medical 
Society  in  June,  1838,  but  he  did  not  attend 
medical  lectures  until  some  years  later,  finally 
graduating  in  1844  at  the  Jefferson  Medical 
College.  In  the  mean  time  he  had  practiced 
medicine  at  Port  Elizabeth  until  1842,  when 
he  returned  to  Woodstown.  After  his  gradu- 
ation he  located  in  Camden  County.  From 
here,  in  1849,  he  went  to  Columbia,  Pa.,  and 
remained  there  until  1856,  when  he  removed 
to  Muscatine,  Iowa.  He  returned  to  Penn- 
sylvania in  1861,  and  opened  an  office  at 
New  Brighton,  continuing  here  until  1864, 
when,  his  health  being  impaired,  he  went  back 
to  his  home  in  Woodstown,  where  he  died 
November  21,  1866.'  Dr.  Risley  was  a  man 
of  commanding  appearance  and  pleasing  ad- 
dress, with  colloquial  powers  that  won  for 
him  a  quick  appreciation  from  his  patrons. 
He  married  Miss  Caroline  Crompton,  of  Port 
Elizabeth,  who  survived  him. 

BowJiAN  Hendry,  Jr.,  was  the  son  ot 
Dr.  Bowman  Hendry,  and  was  born  in  H:id- 
donfield  May  4,  1820.  His  father  dying 
when  his  son  was  a  youth,  young  Hendry 

1  Transactions  New  Jersey  State  Medical  Society, 
1867. 


276 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


studied  medicine  with  his  brother  Charles,  and 
graduated  from  the  Jefferson  College  in  1846. 
For  a  few  months  he  practiced  medicine  in 
Haddonfield,  and  then  removed  to  Gloucester 
City,  a  place  that  had  just  been  started  as  a 
manufacturing  town.  After  the  outbreak  of 
the  Civil  War  Dr.  Hendry  entered  the  army 
and  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon  of  the 
Sixth  New  Jersey  Regiment,  and  continued 
with  it  until  the  regiment  was  mustered  out 
of  service,  September  7,  1864.  Next  he  was 
attached  to  the  Mower  Hospital,  at  German- 
town,  Pa.,  where  he  remained  until  the  close 
of  the  war.  He  then  located  in  Camden 
City,  where  he  practiced  medicine  until  his 
death,  June  8,  1868.  Dr.  Hendry  was  a 
member  of  the  Camden  City  and  Camden 
County  Medical  Societies,  having  joined  the 
latter  in  1847,  and  was  its  president  in  1860. 
He  took  an  active  part  in  both,  and  read  before 
the  City  Society  a  valuable  paper  upon  the 
Mower  Hospital.  He  married,  February 
24,  1850,  Helen  A.  Sarchet,  of  Gloucester 
City,  who,  with  one  daughter,  resides  in 
Camden. 

Charles  W.  Saetori  was  born  in  Tren- 
ton, N.  J.,  September  6,  1806.  His  father, 
John  Baptiste  Sartori,  a  native  of  Rome, 
Italy,  came  to  the  United  States  in  1791. 
He  returned  to  Rome  as  United  States  con- 
sul from  1795  to  1800,  when  he  came  back 
to  the  United  States  as  consul  for  the  Papal 
States.  Dr.  Sartori's  mother  was  Henrietta, 
daughter  of  Chevalier  De  "Woopoin,  a  French 
officer,  who  acquired  large  estates  in  San 
Domingo,  but  was  killed  in  the  negro  in- 
surrection in  that  island.  Dr.  Sartori  was 
educated  at  Georgetown,  D.  C.  He  studie,d 
medicine  and  graduated  at  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College  in  1829.  Commencing  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  Port  Republic,  At- 
lantic County,  he  remained  there  until  1839, 
when  he  removed  to  Tuckerton,  Burlington 
County,  and  practiced  there  until  1843.  Be- 
tween this  date  and  1849  he  was  again  in  At- 
lantic  County,   at  Pleasant   Mills,   Atsion, 


Batsto,  and  in  the  latter  year  located  at  Black' 
wood,  Camden  County,  where  he  stayed  only 
a  short  time,  removing  from  thence  to  Cam- 
den. He  never  practiced  medicine  in  Cam- 
den, although  it  was  his  residence  until  his 
death,  on  October  4,  1875.  On  May  10, 
1861,  he  was  appointed  acting  assistant  sur- 
geon in  the  United  States  Navy,  and  was 
assigned  to  the  United  States  steamer 
"  Flag,"  his  brother,  Louis  C.  Sartori,  now 
commodore  on  the  retired  list  United  States 
Navy,  being  commander  of  that  vessel.  In 
1863  he  was  transferred  to  the  United  States 
steamer  "  Wyalusing,"  from  which  vessel  he 
resigned  July  19,  1864.  In  1833  Dr.  Sartori 
married  Ann  L.,  widow  of  Captain  Robert 
D.  Giberson,  of  Port  Republic.  He  was 
never  a  member  of  either  of  the  Medical 
Societies  in  Camden  County. 

John  Voorhees  Schenck  belonged  to 
an  old  East  Jersey  family,  who  have  had  a 
number  of  representatives  in  the  medical 
profession.  He  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Ferdi- 
nand S.  and  Leah  Voorhees  Schenck,  and 
was  born  in  Somerset  County,  N.  J.,  Novem- 
ber 17,  1824.  The  elder  Dr.  Schenck 
represented  his  district  in  Congress  for  four 
years,  and  between  1845  and  1851  he  was 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  Court  of  Errors  and 
Appeals.  Dr.  John  V.  Schenck  received  his 
academical  education  at  Rutgers  College, 
from  which  he  obtained  his  diploma  in  1844. 
Then  he  attended  medical  lectures  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  graduated 
in  1847.  At  first  he  assisted  his  father  in 
his  practice  in  his  native  place,  but  soon  re- 
moved to  Monmouth  County,  where  he  re- 
mained but  a  short  time.  In  1848  he  located 
in  Camden  and  gradually  secured  probably 
the  most  extensive  practice,  especially  in 
obstetrics,  of  any  physician  who  ever  prac- 
ticed there.  He  was  the  eleventh  member 
admitted  (1848)  to  the  Camden  County  Med- 
ical Society,  and  became  its  secretary  and 
treasurer  in  1856,  and  its  president  in  1859. 
He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Camden 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


277 


City  Medical  Society,  and  a  corporator  of  the 
Camden  City  Dispensary,  and  was  secretary 
of  the  former  from  its  commencement  until 
1859.     He  was  also  a  member  of  the  New 
Jersey  State  Medical  Society  and  its  presi- 
dent in  1876.    His  health  becoming  impaired 
by  overwork,  he   visited   Europe  for    a  few 
months.     Returning  somewhat  benefited,  he 
resumed  the  practice  of  medicine.     He  died 
July  25,  1882,  while  on  a  short  sojourn  at 
Atlantic   City.     He  was  a  member  of  the 
First  Presbyterian    Church,      Dr.  Schenck 
married  Martha  McLeod,  daughter  of  Henry 
McKeen,  of  Philadelphia.     He  left  a  widow 
and  two  daughters,  one  of  whom  is  the  wife 
of  Major  Franklin  C.  Woolman,  of  Camden. 
Dr.     Peter    Voorhees    Schenck     was    a 
younger  brother  of  Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck  and 
was  born  May  23, 1838.     He  was  a  student 
at  Princeton  College,  but  retired  in  conse- 
quence of  impaired  health.    Upon  his  recov- 
ery he  matriculated  in  medicine  at  the  Uni- 
versity   of    Pennsylvania,   from    which   he 
graduated  in  1860.     He  began  the  practice 
of  his  profession  in  West  Philadelphia,  but 
upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War,  in 
1861,    he     entered   the   regular   array  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war,   when  he 
resigned.     In  1867  he  joined  his  brother  in 
Camden  and  was  admitted  a  member  of  both 
of  the  medical  societies.     In  the  succeeding 
year  he  removed  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  medicine.     He  was 
at  one  time  the  health  officer  of  St.   Louis 
and  physician-in-chief  of  the  female  depart- 
ment of  the  City  Hospital.    He  married  Ruth 
Anna,  daughter  of  John   and   Ruth   Anna 
McCune,  of  St.  Louis.     He  died  March  12, 
1885,  leaving  a  widow  and  four  children. 

Thomas  F.  Cullen  was  one  of  the  few 
members  of  the  Camden  County  Medical  So- 
ciety who  passed  an  examination  before  its 
board  of  censors,  receiving  his  license  June 
18,  1850.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
society  in  the  following  December.  He  was 
the  son  of  Captain  Thomas  CuUen,  of  the 


Philadelphia  merchant  marine,  and  was  born 
in  that  city  September  3,  1822.  He  received 
his  scholastic  education  in  Mount  Holly,  N. 
J.,  to  which  place  his  parents  had  removed. 
Dr,  CuUen  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Heber 
Chase,  a  surgeon  of  Philadelphia,  and  gradu- 
ated at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1844.  His  first  field  of  practice  was  in  New- 
ark, Delaware,  but  in  1849  he  removed  to 
Camden.  Here  his  great  natural  abilities  and 
careful  training  brought  him  prominently 
forward,  especially  as  a  surgeon,  in  which 
branch  of  the  profession  he  became  so  skilled 
and  successful  that  for  the  first  time  in  its 
history  Camden  became  independent  of  its 
neighbor  across  the  Delaware  for  the  per- 
formance of  a  capital  surgical  operation.  He 
was  an  active  member  of  the  medical  socie- 
ties, serving  as  president  of  the  city  and  county 
societies,  and  of  the  State  society  in  1869. 
While  a  member  of  the  former  two,  no  com- 
mittee was  complete  without  him.  He  was 
one  of  the  corporators  of  the  Camden  Dis- 
pensary and  Cooper  Hospital.  Of  the  former, 
he  was  two  years  its  president,  and  a  director 
of  the  latter  until  his  death.  He  died  No- 
vember 21,  1877.     He  left  no  issue. 

Jacob  Geigg  is  of  English  descent.  His 
grandfather.  Rev.  Jacob  Grigg,  was  a  Baptist 
missionary,  sent  from  England  to  Sierra 
Leone,  Africa,  but  his  health  failing,  he  sailed 
for  America.  His  son.  Dr.  John  R.  Grigg, 
the  father  of  Dr.  Jacob  Grigg,  practiced  med- 
icine at  White  Marsh,  Pennsylvania,  where 
the  latter  was  born,  June  23,  1821.  He  read 
medicine  with  his  father,  and  received  his 
diploma  from  the  University  of  Pennsylva- 
nia in  1843.  In  the  same  year  he  married 
Mary,  daughter  of  John  Bruner,  of  Mont- 
gomery County,  in  that  State,  in  the  mean- 
while practicing  medicine  in  conjunction  with 
his  father.  In  1844  Dr.  Jacob  Grigg  removed 
to  Bucks  County,  and  from  thence,  in  1849, 
to  Blackwood,  in  Camden  County,  New  Jer- 
sey. Oa  June  18, 1849,  the  board  of  censors 
of  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society  re- 


278 


HISTOElf  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


ported  that  Dr.  Grigg  had  passed  a  successful 
examination  and  had  received  a  license  to 
practice  in  the  State.  At  the  semi-annual 
meeting  of  the  society,  held  December  19th 
of  that  year,  he  was  elected  a  member.  He 
was  burned  out  in  1852  and  removed  to 
Pennsylvania,  at  which  time  his  name  was 
dropped  from  the  roll  of  the  society.  Re- 
turning in  a  few  months  to  Camden  County, 
he  remained  until  1857,  when  he  left  this 
county  and  settled  in  the  adjoining  one 
of  Burlington.  His  present  residence  is  Mt. 
Holly. 

Robert  M.  Smallwood  belonged  to  an 
old  Gloucester  County  family.  He  was  the 
sou  of  John  C.  and  Mary  Smallwood,  of 
"Woodbury,  and  was  born  August  20, 1827. 
Adopting  the  profession  of  medicine,  he  en- 
tered the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  where 
he  graduated  in  1849.  He  at  once  located  in 
Chews  Landing  and  continued  in  practice  there 
fortwo years.  He  joined  the  Camden  County 
Medical  Society  June  19,  1849.  In  the 
year  1851  he  entered  the  United  States  Navy, 
and  in  1852  was  assigned  to  duty  upon  the 
ship  "  Levant"  and  sailed  for  the  Mediterra- 
nean. While  upon  this  cruise  his  health 
failed  him,  and  returning  home,  he  died  of 
phthisis,  February  8, 1856.  He  married  Mrs. 
Mary  A.  F.  Gest  in  1850,  and  had  four 
children. 

John  I.  Jessup.— At  a  meeting  of  the 
Camden  County  Medical  Society  held  at 
Camden,  June  19, 1849,  the  society  adjourned 
for  a  few  hours  to  give  the  "  board  of  censors 
an  opportunity  to  examine  candidates  for  a 
license  to  practice  medicine  in  the  State."  At 
half-past  two  o'clock  Dr.  Isaac  S.  ^Nlulford, 
president  of  the  board,  reported  that  after  a 
satisfactory  examination  they  had  granted 
licenses  to  "Dr.  Theodore  H.  Yariclv,  of 
Hudson  County  ;  Dr.  John  I.  Jessup,  of  At- 
lantic County ;  and  Dr.  John  ^Y.  Snowden, 
of  Camden  County."  At  the  semi-annual 
meeting,  held  on  December  18th,  of  this 
year.  Dr.  Jessup  was  elected  a  member  of  the 


society.  He  was  a  grandsonofJosiah  Albert- 
son,  who  kept  the  old  hotel  in  Blue  Anchor 
from  1812  until  the  Camden  and  Atlantic 
Railroad  was  built,  in  1852. 

Dr.  Jessup  graduated  at  the  Jefferson  Med- 
ical College  in  1848,  and  seems  to  have  prac- 
ticed for  a  short  time  in  Camden  County. 
Soon  after  joining  its  society  he  removed  to 
Somers  Point,  in  Atlantic  County.  In  1852 
he  became  prostrated  by  phthisis,  which 
caused  him  to  return  to  Blue  Anchor,  where 
he  soon  afterwards  died.' 

Sylvester  Birdsell's  parentage  was  of 
Pennsylvania  origin.  His  father,  James 
Birdsell,  married  Mary  Pyle,  both  of  Ches- 
ter County,  in  that  State.  Their  son  Syl- 
vester was,  however,  born  in  Baltimore,  Md., 
August  21,  1824.  He  was.  of  a  studious 
turn  of  mind,  and  taught  school  while  at- 
tending medical  lectures  at  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  from  which  he  graduated 
in  1848.  Dr.  Birdsell  commenced  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine  at  Point  Pleasant,  Bucks 
County,  Pa.  In  1850  he  moved  to  what  was 
then  known  as  South  Camden,  N.  J.,  where 
he  opened  a  drug  store  and  began  practicing 
medicine.  In  the  same  year  he  joined  the 
County  Medical  Society,  becoming  its  presi- 
dent in  1858.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  city  society.  His  knowledge  and 
ability  secured  for  him  a  professorship  iu  the 
"Woman's  Medical  College  "  of  Philadel- 
phia, a  position  he  held  for  some  time.  Dr. 
Birdsell  married  Jane  B.  Laird,  whose  death 
preceded  by  several  years  his  own,  which  oc- 
curred May  29,  1883.  He  was  buried  in 
Evergreen  Cemetery.  He  left  two  daugh- 
ters and  one  son,  Rudolph  W.  Birdsell,  who 
for  a  long  time  has  been  connected  with  the 
Camden  Fire  Insurance  Association. 

William  G.  Thomas  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, January  16,  1826.  He  was  the  son 
of  Stephen  and  Sallie  Thomas.  He  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  in  Columbia, 

isomers'  "  Medical  History  of  Atlantic  County." 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  :\IEN. 


279 


Lancaster  County,  Pa.,  under  Dr.  Filbert,  of 
that  place,  and  attended  medioal  lectures  at 
the  Pennsylvania  ^Medical  College,  in  Phila- 
delphia, from  which  he  graduated  in  1854. 
Although  the  law  did  not  then  require  it,  he 
passed  an  exnniination  before  the  board  of 
censoi-s  of  the  New  Jersey  State  Medical 
Sixnety,  at  Trenton,  on  May  14,  1854,  and 
then  began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Cam- 
den. He  became  a  member  of  the  Camden 
County  Medical  Society  in  1857.  He  had 
joined  the  city  society  upon  his  location  in 
Camden  and  had  taken  an  active  interest  in  its 
pi'oceeding's.  Dr.  Thomas  died  of  dysen- 
tery August  17,  1858.  He  had  ahai"d  sti-ug- 
gle  during  his  short  professional  cai-eer  in 
Camden  and  after  his  death  the  city  society 
paid  his  funeral  expenses.  He  married, 
February  7,1854,  Mai^ai-et  Cramsie,  of  Phil- 
adelphia, and  left  one  child. 

The  three  following  physicians  all  practiced 
in  Blackwood,  but  none  of  them  were  ever 
connected  with  either  the  Camden  County 
or  City  Meilical  Societies.  De.  AViLi.iAM 
Holmes  located  there  between  1845  and 
1847.  Although  he  is  said  lo  have  graduated 
at  the  Univei"sity  of  Pennsylvania,  his  name 
is  not  in  the  list  of  graduates  of  that  institution. 
He  removed  to  Greenwich,  X.  J.  Dr.  F. 
RiPGELEY  Graham  was  a  physician  in  the 
same  town  between  1850  mid  1858.  He  was 
a  native  of  Chillicothe,  O.,  where  he  began 
the  study  of  medicine,  completing  his  edut^ation 
at  the  Jeffei-son  ^re<.lieal  College,  from  which 
he  graduated  in  1850.  He  removed  to  Ciies- 
ter.  Pa.  The  tliird  one  was  Dr.  Alex- 
AXDER  J.  MoKelway,  SOU  of  Dr.  John 
MeKelway,  of  Trenton,  X.  J.,  who  was  born 
in  Si'otland  December  6,  1813.  He  graduat- 
ed at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College  in  1834. 
Between  the  yejii-s  1858  and  1861  he  pursued 
his  profession  in  Blackwood.  On  September 
14th  of  the  latter  year  he  entered  tlie  volun- 
teer service  as  surgeon  of  the  Eighth  Xew 
Jersey  Regiment  and  continued  with  it  until 
April  7,  1 8(34,  when  he  resigned.      He  died 


at  M'illiamstown,  Gloucester  County,  X.  J., 
November  8,  1885. 

Within  the  same  decade  Dr.  Jesse  S.  Zane 
Seller*;,  son  of  Jesse  and  Rebecca  Sellei-s,  of 
Philadelphia,  opened  an  office  in  Camden. 
He  had  received  his  medical  education  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  from  which 
institution  he  graduated  in  1852.  He  be- 
came a  member  of  the  Camden  City  ^Medical 
Society  in  September,  1854,  and  fiiithfully 
served  through  the  cholera  epidemic  of  that 
autumn.  Soon  afterward  he  removed  to 
Minne.sota  and  engaged  in  mining.  He  lived 
onlv  a  few  vears  after  his  removal  to  the 
West. 

Napoleox  Boxaparte  Jexxixgs  was 
twenty-eight  yeai-s  a  member  of  the  Camden 
County  Medical  Society  and  M'as  its  president 
in  18G1.  He  died  of  phthisis  at  Haddon- 
field,  April  17,  1885.  The  doctor  was  the 
son  of  Stacy  and  Sarah  Jennings,  and  was 
born  at  ^lanahawkiu,  X.  J.,  April  '22, 1831. 
He  was  educated  at  the  Woodstock  Academy, 
Connecticut,  and  then  entered  the  office  of 
Dr.  Budd,  of  Medford,  X.  J.,  to  pursue  the 
study  of  medicine,  and  graduated  at  the  Jef- 
ferson ^leiiical  College,  of  Philadelphia,  in 
185().  He  immediately  entei'ed  upon  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  Haddonfield,  where 
he  soon  gained  the  confidence  of  the  com- 
munity by  his  professional  attainments  and 
his  excellent  social  qualities.  He  ^vas  pos- 
sessed of  a  singularly  genial  nature,  which 
overflowed  in  kindness  to  all  and  g-ained  for 
him  the  universal  good  will  of  thecommuni- 
tv  in  which  he  lived  and  practiced  for  neai'ly 
thirtv  vears,  and  attained  for  him  one  of  the 
largest  practices  ever  secured  by  a  jihysician 
in  West  Jersey. 

He  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Joshua  P. 
and  Amelia  Browning,  of  Haddonfield,  who 
survives  him  with  a  family  of  seven  children. 
He  was  a  consistent  member  of  the  Protest- 
ant Episctipal  Church. 

Henry  Acki.ey  virtually  belonged  to 
Camden,  although  born  in  Philadelphia,  Jau- 


280 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


uary  29,  1837.  His  grandfather,  Thomas 
Ackley,  as  early  as  1800,  kept  the  old  store 
at  the  foot  of  Federal  Street,  which  was 
demolished  a  few  years  ago.  His  mother,  nee 
Barclay,  the  widow  of  Lieutenant-Comman- 
der McCauley,  United  States  Navy,  married 
Thomas  Ackley,  cashier  of  the  State  Bank 
at  Camden.  Dr.  Ackley  received  a  liberal 
education,  and  studied  medicine  with  Pro- 
fessors E.  Wallace  and  William  Keating,  of 
Philadelphia,  and  graduated  at  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College  in  1858.  He  began  prac- 
tice in  Camden  and  joined  the  county  and 
city  societies,  and  was  secretary  of  the  former 
in  1859  and  1860.  At  the  commencement 
of  the  Civil  War  he  entered  the  United  States 
Navy,  as  surgeon,  on  July  20,  1861,  and 
was  assigned  to  duty  in  the  Philadelphia 
Navy- Yard.  Towards  the  close  of  the  year 
he  was  ordered  to  the  United  States  ship 
"  Wissahickon,"  of  the  East  Gulf  Blockad- 
ing Squadron,  and  served  under  Admiral 
Porter  in  the  capture  of  New  Orleans  and 
in  the  campaign  against  Vicksburg.  In 
1863  he  was  transferred  to  the  flag-ship 
"  San  Jacinto,"  and  was  acting  surgeon-in- 
chief  of  the  squadron.  While  on  this  vessel 
he  was  attacked  with  yellow  fever,  which  so 
impaired  his  naturally  feeble  constitution 
that  he  was  ordered  to  the  United  States 
receiving  ship  "Vermont,"  at  New  York, 
in  1864.  He  died  in  Camden,  of  phthisis, 
December  1,  1865.  The  year  previous  he 
married  Sallie,  daughter  of  Hon.  Richard 
Wilkins,  of  Camden.  He  left  one  son,  who 
died  in  infancy. 

William  S.  Bishop,  surgeon  of  the  ' 
United  States  Navy,  an  honorary  member  of 
the  Camden  County  Medical  Society,  died  De- 
cember 28,  1868.  Dr.  Bishop  was  connected 
with  the  navy  from  an  early  period  of  his 
professional  life.  He  had  seen  service  in 
most  parts  of  the  globe.  Several  years  ago, 
while  on  duty  with  the  squadron  on  the 
coast  of  Africa,  he  suffered  from  a  severe  at- 
tack of  coast  fever,  froiu  the  effects  of  which 


he  never  entirely  recovered.  He  was  pro 
nounced  by  a  medical  commission  unfit  for 
further  sea  service,  but  was  employed  on 
shore  duty  at  the  various  naval  stations.  At 
the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion  Dr.  Bishop 
was  on  duty  at  the  navy-yard  at  Pensacola, 
Fla.,  where,  in  common  with  the  other  naval 
officers,  he  was  obliged  to  give  his  parole  not 
to  engage  in  service  against  the  Confederacy 
before  -he  was  permitted  to  return  North. 
When  not  employed  in  service,  he  resided  in 
Camden  for  a  number  of  years  previous  to 
his  death.  Shortly  after  his  return  to  the 
latter  place  he  was  ordered  to  the  navy-yard 
at  Mare  Island,  in  California,  where  he  re- 
mained during  the  whole  period  of  the  war. 
He  came  home  much  impaired  in  health,  but 
was  employed  again  on  naval  medical  com- 
missions of  great  responsibility ;  he  was 
finally  ordered  to  the  United  States  Naval 
Asylum,  at  Philadelphia,  as  chief  surgeon,  at 
which  post  he  died  on  December  28, 1868,  of 
a  complication  of  diseases,  ending  in  general 
dropsy.^  Dr.  Bishop  was  a  member  of  the 
Camden  City  Society  as  well  as  the  County 
Society. 

Thomas  J.  Smith  became  a  member  of 
the  Camden  Countj'  Medical  Society  on  June 
18,  1867.  He  was  born  in  Salem,  N.  J., 
April  21,  1841,  and  is  the  son  of  Peter  and 
Elizabeth  Smith.  He  was  educated  at 
Williams  College,  Massachusetts,  graduating 
in  1862.  He  attended  medical  lectures  in  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  received  his 
degree  of  M.D.  in  March,  1866.  He  began 
the  practice  of  medicine  in  Camden.  He 
joined  the  Camden  City  Medical  Society  in 
March,  1867,  and  became  its  secretary  the 
same  year,  continuing  in  office  until  his  re- 
moval to  Bridgeton,  early  in  the  year  1868. 
Dr.  Smith  is  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey 
State  Medicdl  Society  and  is  chairman  of  its 
standing  committee.  He  married,  March  28, 
1871,  Mary  L.,  daughter  of  Rev.  Elisha  V. 
iTransactiouB  of  New  Jersey  State  Medical  Society, 

I8a9. 


A  HISTOKY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


281 


and  Matilda  B,  Glover,  of  Haddonfield.  Dr. 
Smith  is  a  prominent  practitioner  in  Bridge- 
ton. 

Joseph  W.  McCullough  fell  a  victim 
to  the  severest  epidemic  of  typhus  fever  that 
ever  attadked  the  almshouse  in  Blackwood, 
Camden  County,  literally  dying  at  his  post 
of  duty,  of  that  disease,  March  15,  1881, 
after  a  service  of  nine  years  as  attending 
physician  at  that  institution.  He  was  the 
son  of  Andrew  and  Eunice  McCullough,  and 
was  born  in  Wilmington,  Del.,  August  12, 
1 837.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Chand- 
ler, of  that  city,  and  graduated  at  the  Jeffer- 
son Medical  College  in  1860.  When  the 
Civil  War  broke  out,  in  1861,  he  was  one  of 
the  first  to  offer  his  services  to  the  govern- 
ment, and  was  appointed  surgeon  of  the  First 
Delaware  Regiment.  After  the  close  of  the 
war  he  joined  the  regular  army,  and  was 
sent  to  New  Orleans,  and  thence  to  Alabama. 
In  consequence  of  impaired  health  he  resign- 
ed, and  in  1866  located  as  a  practitioner  of 
medicine  at  Blackwood.  In  1880  he  and  Dr. 
Brannin,  his  co-laborer,  were  appointed  phy- 
sicians to  the  County  Insane  Asylum.  Dr. 
McCullough  joined  the  Camden  County 
Medicfd  Society  in  1871.  He  married, 
March  9,  1876,  Sarah  E.,  only  daughter  of 
Richard  C.  Stevenson,  of  Blackwood.  His 
widow  and  two  children  survive  him. 

Charles  F.  Claeke  practiced  medicine 
for  over  forty  years  in  Gloucester  County. 
He  retired  in  1868  and  moved  to  Camden, 
becoming  an  honorary  member  of  the  City 
Society  in  1869  and  continuing  his  connec- 
tion with  it  until  his  death,  in  1875.  He  was 
born  near  Paulsboro',  Gloucester  County, 
N.  J.,  August  12,  1800.  He  was  educated 
at  Woodbury  and  at  Burlington,  and  then 
entered  the  counting-room  of  Mr.  Hollings- 
head,  in  Philadelphia.  In  the  year  1820, 
being  in  poor  health,  he  went  as  supercargo 
to  the  West  Indies :  returning,  he  commenced 
the  study  of  medicine  and  graduateid  at  the 
University   of  Pennsylvania   in   1823.     In 


connection  with  his  cousin.  Dr.  John  Y. 
Clarke,  of  Philadelphia,  he  opened  a  drug 
store  at  the  corner  of  Fifth  and  Race  Streets, 
in  that  city.  This  he  soon  abandoned,  and 
then  began  the  practice  of  medicine  in 
Clarksboro',  Gloucester  County,  N.  J.,  thence 
he  went  to  Paulsboro',  and  in  1835  to  Wood- 
bury, in  the  same  county,  where  he  lived  for 
thirty-two  years  and  attended  to  the  largest 
practice  in  that  section  of  the  county.  Dr. 
Clarke  accumulated  a  considerable  fortune. 
One  of  his  daughters,  Eva  C,  married  Dr. 
Randall  W.  Morgan.  His  son.  Dr.  Henry 
C.  Clarke,  succeeded  to  his  father's  practice 
and  is  one  of  the  leading  physicians  in 
Gloucester  County. 

Randal  W.  Moeg-ax  was  born  near 
Black woodtown,  Camden  County,  June  5, 
1848,  and  was  a  son  of  Randal  E.  and  Mary 
(Willard)  Morgan.  He  attended  the  West 
Jersey  Academy,  at  Bridgeton,  and  later  the 
University  of  Lewisburgh,  Pa.  In  1864  he 
was  appointed  midshipman  at  the  Naval 
Academy  at  Annapolis,  which  position  he 
was  obliged  to  resign  because  of  an  attack  of 
typhoid  fever,  from  which  he  never  fully  re- 
covered. Shortly  afterward  he  commenced 
his  medical  studies  under  Dr.  Brannin,  of 
Blackwoodtown,  continuing  them  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  graduating 
from  that  institution  in  1870.  Two  years 
later  he  took  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Phil- 
osophy. In  1877  he  was  elected  county 
physician,  an  office  he  held  for  five  years. 
During  the  small-pox  epidemic,  in  1872,  he 
had  charge  of  the  small-pox  hospital,  and 
labored  unselfishly  among  the  victims  of  that 
disease.  In  1881,  much  broken  in  health, 
he  sailed  for  Europe,  and  was  much  benefited 
by  his  sojourn  there  ;  but  upon  returning  to 
practice  soon  succumbed  again  to  ill  health, 
and  in  August,  1883,  was  obliged  to  re- 
linquish the  duties  of  his  profession.  He 
sailed  again  for  Europe  in  1884,  intending, 
while  there,  to  visit  some  of  the  hospitals  in 
the  cholera-infested  portions  of  France  and 


282 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Italy,  but,  owing  to  aggravation  of  his  mala- 
dies, abandoned  the  project,  and  sailing  for 
home,  died  when  three  days  out  from  Liver- 
pool, October  20,  1884. 

Dr.  Morgan  was  a  very  active  man,  dili- 
gent in  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
studious  and  quite  successful.  Speaking  of  his 
skillful  management  of  the  small-pox  hos- 
pital, heretofore  alluded  to,  Dr.  E.  M. 
Cooper,  in  his  report  to  the  New  Jersey  State 
Medical  Society,  said  :  "  We  have  obtained 
(from  Dr.  Morgan)  some  valuable  statistics 
in  regard  to  the  disease  and  its  mode  of 
treatment ;  and  it  is  but  just  to  him  to  state 
that  the  ratio  of  mortality  of  the  cases  under 
his  care  compare  very  favorably  with  other 
small-pox  hospitals." 

He  carried  on  for  several  years  a  drug- 
store, and  was  a  member  of  both  the  Camden 
County  and  Camden  City  Medical  Societies. 

He  was  married  January  15, 1876,  to  Eva, 
daughter  of  Dr.  Charles  F.  Clarke,  late  of 
Camden,  who  survives  him. 

James  A.  Aemsteoxg  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, June  12,  1835,  and  was  the  son  of 
James  and  Mary  Armstrong.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools,  and  graduated 
from  the  Philadelphia  High  School.  He 
engaged  in  the  drug  business  and  obtained  a 
diploma  from  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  in  1855,  and  then  purchased  a 
drug  store  at  the  corner  of  Fourth  and 
Thompson  Streets,  in  his  native  city.  Subse- 
quently he  studied  medicine,  graduating  from 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1861.  In 
September  of  the  latter  year  Dr.  Armstrong 
•was  appointed  assistant  surgeon  in  a  Penn- 
sylvania regiment,  and  was  assigned  to  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  in  Virginia.  After 
three  years  of  military  duty  in  the  field  he 
returned  home,  and  was  attached  to  the 
Satterlee  Hospital  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  then  removed  to  Camden,  and  purchased 
a  drug  store  on  Federal  Street,  above  Third, 
which  he  afterwards  moved  to  Market,  above 
the  same  street.     In  a  few  years   he  relin- 


quished the  drug  business,  began  the  practice 
of  medicine  and  joined  the  Camden  County 
Medical  Society  in  1876.  He  was  surgical 
examiner  for  pensions  in  Camden  since  the 
close  of  the  war,  and  when  the  United  States 
Board  of  Pensions  was  established  in  that 
city,  in  1884,  he  was  appointed  one  of  its 
three  members.  In  1871  he  was  coroner  of 
Camden  City.  Dr.  Armstrong  was  an  elder 
in  the  Presbyterian  Church.  He  died  of 
apoplexy  on  October  30,  1885,  leaving  a 
widow  and  three  daughters. 

J.  Newton  Achufp  was  a  native  of 
Germantown,  Pa.  He  commenced  his  medi- 
cal education  with  Dr.  Lemuel  J.  Deal,  of 
Philadelphia,  and  completed  it  at  the  Jeffer- 
son Medical  College,  graduating  in  1867. 
He  at  once  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  South  Camden,  and  in  the  same 
year  (1867)  joined  both  the  Camden  City  and 
County  Societies.  He  was  at  once  appointed 
a  visiting  physician  of  the  Camden  City  Dis- 
pensary. In  the  year  1869  he  left  Camden 
and  entered  the  service  of  the  government  as 
a  contract  surgeon,  and  was  assigned  to  duty 
in  Alaska,  and  subsequently  in  California,  in 
which  State  he  died  about  1872. 

James  H.  Wroth  is  the  son  of  the  late 
James  W.  Wroth,  of  Camden,  whose  widow 
and  her  family  have  removed  from  the  city. 
Dr.  Wroth  obtained  his  medical  education  at 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
graduated  in  1878.  He  commenced  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  Camden,  and  in 
1879  attached  himself  to  both  the  Camden 
City  and  County  Societies.  While  an  interne 
of  the  Camden  City  Dispensary  the  small- 
pox epidemic  of  1880  occurred  in  that  city, 
during  which  Dr.  Wroth  distinguished  him- 
self by  his  attendance  upon  the  sick  (poor) 
with  that  disease.  He  is  now  a  resident  of 
New  Mexico. 

Isaac  B.  Mulfoed  belonged  to  an  old 
and  influential  family  in  South  Jersey.  He 
was  born  in  Millville,  N.  J.,  in  1843.  He 
was  educated  at  the  West  Jersey  Academy, 


A  HISTOKY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


283 


at  Bridgeton,  at  Monticello  Seminary,  New 
York,  and  at  Princeton  College,  from  which 
he  graduated  with  honor  in  the  class  of"  1865. 
He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  William  Hunt, 
of  Philadelphia,  and  attended  lectures  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  His  studies 
being  interrupted  by  severe  illness,  he  could 
not  receive  his  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine 
until  1871.  He  began  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine in  Camden,  and  became  a  member  of 
both  the  Camden  County  and  Camden  City 
Medical  Societies,  and  was  elected  treasurer  of 
the  former  in  1874,  and  president  in  1881. 
For  several  years  prior  to  his  death  he  was 
surgeon  of  the  Sixth  Regiment  National 
Guards  of  New  Jersey.  He  was  also  phy- 
sician of  the  West  Jersey  Orphanage,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  New  Jersey  Sanitary  Association 
and  the  Camden  Microscopical  Society.^ 
Dr.  Muiford  and  the  Rev.  Joseph  F.  Garri- 
son, honorary  member  of  the  Camden  County 
Society,  were  the  only  resident  physicians  in 
the  county  who  were  ever  graduates  of  the 
College  of  New  Jersey.  Dr.  Muiford  died 
in  Camden,  November  21,  1882.  He  left  a 
fine  library  of  medical  works  to  the  Camden 
City  Dispensary. 

William  G.  Taylor,  a  former  mem- 
ber of  the  Camden  City  Medical  Society, 
was  the  son  of  Dr.  R.  G.  and  Eleonora  Tay- 
lor, of  Camden.  He  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, July  20,  1851,  and  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  in  Camden.  At  the  age  of 
seventeen  he  entered  the  drug-store  of  Jo- 
seph Riley  and  attended  two  courses  of  lec- 
tures at  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Phar- 
macy. He  then  commenced  the  study  of 
medicine  and  graduated  at  the  Jeiferson 
Medical  College  in  1873.  For  a  short  time 
he  was  one  of  the  visiting  physicians  for  the 
Dispensary,  but  he  had  been  preparing  for 
the  work  of  a  missionary  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Presbyterian  Board  of  Foreign  Mis- 
sions.    On  June    11,  1873,  he   sailed  from 

1  Transactions  New  Jersey  State  Medical  Society, 
1883. 


New  York  for  Africa.  His  station  was  Ga- 
boon, on  the  west  coast,  and  his  duty  was  to 
visit  monthly,  or  oftener  if  called  upon,  the 
stations  between  it  and  Benita,  a  point  one 
hundred  miles  north.  The  mode  of  travel- 
ling was  by  sea  in  an  open  boat,  five  and 
one-half  feet  wide  by  twenty-six  feet  long. 
This  exposed  life  and  repeated  attacks  of  Af- 
rican fever  broke  down  his  health,  and  after 
two  years'  labor  there  he  returned  home,  and 
died  April  8,  1877.  He  was  buried  in  Ever- 
green Cemetery. 

LIVING   PHYSICIANS. 

\_The  remainder  of  the  Medical  Chapter  was  prepared 
by  the  Publishers,} 

John  W.  Snowden  is  the  oldest  living 
member  of  the  Camden  County  Medical 
Society  in  continuous  attendance,  having 
joined  it  in  1849.  He  is  a  native  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  graduated  in  the  Medical  De- 
partment of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
in  April,  1844.  His  health  being  precarious, 
he  selected  the  "  Pines "  of  New  Jersey  as 
his  field  of  practice,  and  located  near  Water- 
ford,  in  Camden  County,  in  May,  1846.  He 
was  one  of  the  few  physicians  who  passed  an 
examination  before  the  board  of  censors  of  the 
Camden  County  Medical  Society  for  a  license 
to  practice  medicine  in  New  Jersey.  In  1855 
he  was  elected  president  of  this  society,  and 
in  the  year  1878  he  was  appointed  to  be  its 
reporter  and  chairman  of  its  most  important 
committee,  the  "Standing  Committee,"  a 
position  he  still  holds.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  New  Jersey  State  Medical  Society,  and 
was  its  president  in  1882-83.  His  residence 
was  at  Ancora,  between  Waterford  and  Win- 
slow,  until  1884,  when  he  removed  to  Ham- 
monton,  a  rapidly-growing  town,  six  miles 
distant,  and  just  beyond  the  boundary  line 
between  Camden  and  Atlantic  Counties. 
During  a  practice  of  forty  years  he  has  seen 
his  section  of  the  State  emerge  from  a  wilder- 
ness into  a  series  of  towns,  containing  an  in- 
telligent, thrifty  and  progressive  people. 


284 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEK8EY. 


James  M.  Eidge,  now  one  of  the  leading 
physicians  and  surgeons  of  West  Jersey,  is  a 
son  of  Moses  and  Sarah  (McFarland) 
Kidge,  and  was  born  in  Tinicum  township, 
Bucks  County,  Pa.,  October  6,  1826.  His 
father  was  an  intelligent  and  prosperous 
farmer,  under  whose  watchful  care  as  an  in- 
structor the  rudimentary  education  of  the 
son  was  obtained.  The  grandmother  of  Dr. 
Eidge,  on  his  father's  side,  was  a  daughter  of 
Edward  Marshall,  a  lineal  descendant  of 
a  family  prominent  in  the  annals  of  Penn- 
sylvania His  father  died  iu  the  year 
1860,  and  his  mother  several  years  earlier. 
In  1847,  after  receiving  a  preparatory  in- 
tellectual training  at  home  and  in  the  schools 
of  his  native  township,  he  entered  a  boarding- 
school  taught  by  Solomon  Wright,  at  Bridge- 
ton,  Pa.,  and  in  1849  Dr.  Eidge  became  the 
teacher  of  the  school.  In  the  fall  of  the  same 
year  he  determined  to  take  up  the  study 
of  medicine,  and  thereupon  entered  the  office 
of  Dr.  William  S.  Hendrie,  of  Doylestown, 
Pa.,  as  a  student,  and  remained  in  this  re- 
lation until  his  graduation  from  the  Medical 
Department  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, April  2,  1852.  Upon  receiving 
his  degree  and  diploma  he  began  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine  in  his  native  township, 
continuing  there  until  the  year  1856,  when 
he  removed  to  Camden,  in  which  city  he  has 
gained  an  enviable  reputation  as  a  surgeon,  and 
a  successful  practitioner  of  medicine.  He  is 
well  versed  in  the  science  and  literature  of  his 
chosen  profession.  Dr.  Eidge  has  been  promi- 
nently identified  with  various  medical  societies, 
and  has  always  taken  an  active  part  in  the 
discussions  of  topics  at  their  deliberations. 
In  1876  he  represented  the  First  Congressional 
District  of  New  Jersey  in  the  International 
Medical  Congress,  which  met  in  Philadelphia, 
and  took  an  active  part  in  its  discussions.  He 
Was  a  member  of  the  Bucks  County  Medi- 
cal Society,  the  Pathological  Society  of  Phila- 
delphia and  the  Camden  County  Medical 
Society,  and  has  served  as  president  of  the  la,st- 


named  society  at  various  times.  As  a  mem- 
ber of  the  State  Board  of  Health  he  served 
two  years,  and  then  resigned  in  order  to  give 
more  direct  attention  to  his  practice  at 
home. 

In  politics  Dr.  Eidge  was  a  Whig  during 
the  days  of  that  party,  and  since  has  liccn 
identified  with  the  Democratic  party.  He 
served  as  a  member  of  the  City  School  Board 
for  a  period  of  sixteen  yeai's,  in  which  position 
he  always  showed  an  active  interest  in  the 
cause  of  education.  Since  1885  he  has  served 
as  ])resident  of  the  County  Board  of  Ex- 
amining Surgeons  for  Pensions.  The  doctor 
is  a  constant  reader,  not  only  of  works  pertain- 
ing to  his  own  profession,  but  of  general 
literature.  He  has  devoted  much  of  his 
leisure  time  to  the  study  of  the  classics  and 
the  most  abstruse  questions  of  philosophy 
and  the  physicial  sciences. 

In  1850  Dr.  Eidge  was  married  to  Sarah, 
daughter  of  William  B.  Warford,  by  whom 
he  has  had  three  children.  Josephine,  the 
eldest,  is  married  to  A.  G.  Wilson,  of  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y.,  and  son  of  a  British  officer  of 
rank.  They  have  one  f;hild,William.  Moses 
M.  Eidge,  the  only  son  of  the  doctor,  resides 
in  Chester  County,  Pa.  He  is  married  to 
Eebecca  Chew,  of  New  Jersey,  and  lias  two 
children, — Lucretia  and  Edna.  William 
Eidge,  the  youngest  son,  died  at  the  age  of 
three  years. 

Daniel  M.  Stout  was  born  in  German- 
town  Pa.,  November  4,  1826  ;  studied  meili- 
cine  under  the  instruction  of  Dr.  Charles  D. 
Hendry ;  in  1844  he  matriculatefl  at  Jeffer- 
son Medical  College,  from  which  he  obtained 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  in  1847, 
after  which  he  began  practice  at  Berlin  and 
in  its  vicinity,  and  still  continues,  being  the 
oldest  practitioner  in  that  region. 

ErcHARD  Cra.vb  Dean  was  born  at  Har- 
risburg.  Pa.,  May  26,  1836.  His  father, 
Dr.  Alexander  T.  Dean,  was  a  leading  phy- 
sician in  that  town.  Dr.  E.  C.  Dean  receiv- 
ed his  education  in  the    preparatory  schools 


"^W: 


-^^^^^ 


/^,  c^^  ^^^^<^ 


^HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


285 


of  his  native  place  and  then  entered  Yale 
College,  from  which  institution  he  graduated 
and  received  his  degree  of  A.M.  He  then 
attended  lectures  at  the  Jefferson  Medical 
College  and  received  from  it  his  diploma  in 
1854.  He  located  in  Camden  and  practiced 
his  profession  until  1856,  when  heentered  the 
United  States  Navy  as  assistant  surgeon. 
He  had  joined  both  the  Camden  County 
and  City  Medical  Societies  and  was  secretary 
of  the  former  in  1855.  After  his  appoint- 
ment as  a  naval  surgeon  he  was  made  an  hon- 
orary member  of  them. 

Dr.  Dean  was  rapidly  promoted  in  the 
medical  corps  of  the  navy.  Six  years  after 
his  entrance  into  it  he  was  appointed  past 
assistant  surgeon,  and  in  1862  he  was  commis- 
sioned surgeon.  He  served  during  the  Civil 
War  as  surgeon  and  fleet  surgeon  of  the  At- 
lantic and  other  squadrons  of  the  navy.  In 
1883  he  was  made  a  medical  director,  a  posi- 
tion he  now  holds.  He  is  at  present  on  duty 
at  the  Naval  College  at  Newport,  R.  I.,  as 
professor  of  hygiene,  and  is  also  a  member  of 
the  Naval  Examining  Board  at  Washington, 

D.  C.  In  1856  he  marrifed  Anna,  daughter 
of  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford,  of  Camden. 

Henry  E.  Beanin  was  born  January 
8,  1836,  and  obtained  his  general  education 
at  the  West  Jersey  Collegiate  School  at 
Mount  Holly,  N.  J.,  and  at  the  New  York 
Conference  Seminary,  located  at  Charlottes- 
ville, N.  Y.     He  read  medicine  with  Dr.  A. 

E.  Budd,  of  Medford,  N.  J.,  commencing  in 
1855,  and  graduated  from  the  Jefferson  Med- 
ical College,  Philadelphia,  in  the  year  1858. 
He  began  practice  in  the  spring  of  that  year 
at  Blackwood  and  has  remained  there  ever 
since. 

Dr.  Branin  became  a  member  of  the 
Camden  County  and  the  New  Jersey  State 
Medical  Societies  in  1860  and  was  elected 
president  of  the  former  in  1862.  In  the 
year  1879  he  was  appointed  attending  physi- 
cian in  charge  of  the  Camden  County  Insane 
Asylum  and  Almshouse,  a  position  he  still 
34 


retains.     In  1881   a  severe  epidemic  of  ty- 
phus fever  broke  out  in  the  Almshouse,  dur- 
ing  the  continuance  of  which  Dr.  Branin 
displayed  so  much  courage,  intrepidity   and 
professional  skill,  that  the  Camden  County 
Medical  Society  passed  a  series  of  resolutions 
of  approval    of  his    services,   which   were 
handsomely  engrossed  and  presented  to  him. 
Henry  Genet  Taylor  was  born  July 
6,  1837,  at  Charmanto,  Rensselaer  County, 
near  Troy,  N.  Y.,  at  the   residence   of  his 
uncle.  General  Henry  James  Genet,  the  eld- 
est son  of  "  Citizen  Genet,"  the  first   ambas- 
sador of  France  to  the  United  States,   and 
who    married    the   daughter   of    Governor 
George  Clinton,  of  New   York.     The  biog- 
raphy of  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor's  father.  Dr. 
Othniel  H.  Taylor,  has  been  given  previous- 
ly.    His  mother,  Evelina  C .  Burrough,  be- 
longed to  an  old  Gloucester  (now  Camden) 
County  family,  whose   ancestors   came  from 
England  to  Long  Island  and  from  thence  to 
West  Jersey   as   early  as  1693.     After  her 
husband,  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor,  had  located  in 
Camden,  in  1844,  Mrs.  Taylor,  by  her  pol- 
ished manners,  refined  hospitality  and  Chris- 
tian virtues,  contributed  much  to   favorably 
mould  for  good  the  character  of  the  cosmo- 
politan population  that  were  rapidly  devel- 
oping the  town  into  a  citj'. 

Dr.  Taylor,  after  attending  preliminary 
schools,  completed  his  education  at  the  Prot- 
estant Episcopal  Academy  in  Philadelphia, 
and  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  under 
his  father.  He  attended  medical  lectures  at 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  from  which 
institution  he  graduated  in  1860.  He  joined 
the  Camden  County  Medical  Society  in  the 
same  year  and  in  1861  he  was  elected  its  sec- 
retary, an  office  he  still  continues  to  hold, 
temporarily  vacating  it  in  1865  to  become 
president  of  the  society. 

Upon  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  he 
joined  the  army  and  was  commissioned  Sep- 
tember 14,  1861,  assistant  surgeon  of  the 
Eighth  Regiment  of  New  Jersey  Volunteers, 


286 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTS',  NEW  JEKSEY. 


which  was  assigned  to  the  Army  of  the  Po- 
tomac. During  the  Peninsular  campaign  he 
was  the  only  medical  officer  in  his  regiment 
on  field  duty.  After  the  battle  of  Second 
Bull  Run  he  remained  for  ten  days  within 
the  Confederate  lines  and  brought  his  wound- 
ed safely  into  "Washington.  Subsequent  to 
the  battle  of  Antietam  he  was  detailed  to  the 
artilleiy  brigade  of  the  Third  Corps  and 
held  the  position  of  brigade-surgeon  of  the 
artillery  on  the  staffs  respectively  of  Major- 
Generals  Hooker,  French  and  Sickles,  and 
continued  to  fill  this  position  until  March  15, 
1864,  when  he  resigned  in  consequence  of 
the  serious  illness  of  his  father.  While  in 
the  army  he  was  present  at  and  rendered 
professional  services  in  twenty -five  battles 
and  minor  engagements. 

Upon  his  return  home,  Dr.  Taylor  re- 
sumed the  practice  of  medicine  in  Camden. 
The  first  draft  in  Camden  under  the  Con- 
scription Act  was  ordered  in  June,  1864,  and 
Dr.  Taylor  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon, 
of  the  Board  of  Enrollment  of  the  First  Con- 
gressional District  of  New  Jersey,  to  assist 
in  examining  recruits  and  drafted  men  for 
the  army.  This  office  he  held  until  the  close 
of  the  war,  in  1865. 

When  the  National  Guard  of  New  Jersey 
was  organized,  the  headquarters  of  the  Sixth 
Regiment  was  assigned  to  Camden,  and  in 
the  year  1869,  Dr.  Taylor  was  commissioned 
surgeon  of  that  regiment,  a  position  he  filled 
until  June,  1882,  when  he  resigned.  In  the 
year  1877  occurred  the  riots  caused  by  the 
strike  of  the  railroad  employes,  when  part 
of  the  National  Guard  of  New  Jersey  were 
ordered  to  Phillipsburg,  N.  J.,  to  protect  the 
property  there  ;  Dr.  Taylor  was  then  appoint- 
ed surgeon  of  the  Provisional  Brigade,  upon 
the  staff  of  Major-General  William  J.  Sew- 
ell,  commanding  the  brigade. 

Dr.  Taylor  is  a  member  of  the  Camden 
County  and  City  Medical  Societies.  He 
Was  one  of  the  corporators  of  the  Camden 
City  Dispensary  and   has  been  its  secretary 


since  1874.  He  is  a  member  of  the  New 
Jersey  State  Medical  Society  and  is  its  sec- 
ond vice-president.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  American  Medical  Association,  Pennsyl- 
vania Historical  Society,  New  Jersey  Sani- 
tary Society  and  New  Jersey  Academy  of 
Medicine.  He  was  president  of  the  Board 
of  Pension  Examining  Surgeons,  established 
in  Camden  in  1884,  and  continued  so  until 
a  change  in  administration  caused  its  reor- 
ganization. He  is  physician-in-chief  of  the 
Camden  Home  for  Friendless  Children. 
Dr.  Taylor  married,  on  October  23,  1879, 
Helen,  daughter  of  Alexander  and  Hannah 
C.  Cooper,  of  Haddonfield,  and  granddaugh- 
ter of  the  late  Captain  James  B.  Cooper, 
United  States  Navy. 

J.  Gilbert  Young,  son  of  the  late  Rev. 
Robert  F.  Young,  of  Haddonfield,  was  born 
at  Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphia  County, 
Pa.,  June  21,  1840.  He  was  educated 
principally  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
city,  graduating  both  at  the  Central  High 
School  and  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
In  the  former  institution  he  was  at  the  head 
of  his  class.  He  practiced  medicine  first 
at  South  Camden,  then  at  Gloucester  City, 
and  subsequently  at  Haddonfield,  where  his 
family  resided.  In  1866  he  moved  to  Phila- 
delphia, where  he  has  since  resided  and  prac- 
ticed. The  doctor  became  a  member  of  the 
Camden  County  Medical  and  New  Jersey 
State  Medical  Societies  in  1863,  and  still  re- 
tains an  honorary  membership  therein.  He 
is  also  a  member  of  the  Philadelphia  County 
Medical  Society  and  of  the  American  Acad- 
emy of  Medicine. 

Alexander  Margy  was  born  at  Cape 
May,  N.  J.,  April  16,  1838;  studied  medi- 
cine in  1858  with  his  father,  Dr.  S.  S. 
Marcy,  and  entered  the  Medical  Department 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  in  March,  1861. 
He  at  once  began  to  practice  in  Camden, 
where  he  has  since  continued  in  his  profes- 
sion with  great   success.     Of  the   physicians 


j^^:^^'^^^^^^^^^^^'''^ 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


287 


in  Camden  in   1861,  he  and  Dr.  Ridge  are 
the  only  ones  now  practicing  in  the  city. 

Dr.  Marcy  became  a  member  of  the  Cam- 
den County  Medical  Society  in  1864  and  its 
president  in  1866.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  Camden  City  and  State  Medical  Societies. 
He  was  one  of  the  corporators  of  the  City  Dis- 
pensary and  at  present  is  president  of  its 
board  of  managers. 

Alexander  M.  Meceay  was  born  at 
Cape  May,  N.  J.,  October  3,  1839.  He 
studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Alexander  Marcy, 
of  Camden,  and  in  1861  entered  the  Medical 
Department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, from  which  he  was  graduated  in  March, 
1863.  He  began  practice  in  Cape  May 
Court-House,  and  in  1865  removed  to  Cam- 
den, where  he  has  since  continuously  prac- 
ticed his  profession.  He  first  located  in 
South  Camden,  but  in  a  few  years  removed 
to  his  present  residence  in  North  Camden. 
In  1867  he  became  a  member  of  the  Camden 
County  Medical  Society,  having  previously 
joined  the  City  Medical  Society,  and  was 
elected  president  of  the  former  in  1869  and 
its  treasurer  in  1883,  a  position  he  still  holds. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  State  Medical 
Society. 

John  R.  Stevenson. — Cotemporary  with 
the  arrival  in  West  Jersey  of  the  early  emi- 
grants from  Europe,  there  was  a  migration  of 
Friends  of  English  descent  from  Long  Island 
to  the  former.  Among  these  settlers  were 
the  Stevensons,  whose  ancestor,  Thomas  Ste- 
venson, of  London,  England,  had  settled  at 
Southold,  L.  I.,  as  early  as  1644.  His 
grandchildren  for  the  most  part  removed  to 
West  Jersey,  the  first  one  locating  at  Bur- 
lington in  1699.  They  became  large  land- 
owners, both  in  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania. 
The  unique  circumstance  that  three  of  the 
grandsons,  brothers,  married  three  sisters, 
only  children  of  Samuel  Jenings,  a  man  of 
distinction,  and  the  first  Governor  of  West 
Jersey,  together  with  the  fact  that  some  of 
them  became  active  in  public  affairs,  one  of 


them  being  a  member  of  the  first  General 
Assembly,  has  identified  the  name  with  the 
early  history  of  the  State. 

The  connection  of  Dr.  Stevenson's  family 
with  the  history  of  Camden  County  began 
with  his  grandfather,  Thomas  Stevenson,  who 
was  born  September  6,  1765,  at  Am  well, 
Hunterdon  County,  whose  paternal  grand- 
father had  lived  on  the  Jenings  homestead, 
near  Burlington  (still  in  possession  of  the 
Stevensons) ;  but,  inheriting  property  in  Hun- 
terdon County,  had  removed  to  Amwell. 
About  1790  Thomas  Stevenson  moved  to 
Haddonfield,  and  some  years  subsequently 
purchased  the  farm  and  flour-mill  property, 
between  Haddonfield  and  Ellisburg,  known 
as  "  Stevenson's  Mill,"  recently  purchased 
by  the  Haddonfield  Electric  Light  and  Water 
Company  from  which  to  supply  Haddon- 
field with  pure  spring  water.  In  1795  Thomas 
Stevenson  married  Rebecca,  daughter  of 
Captain  Joseph  Thorne,  who  resided  in  Had- 
donfield, and  had  commanded  the  Second 
Batbalion  of  Gloucester  County  Volunteers 
(Camden  and  Gloucester  were  then  one)  in 
the  Army  of  the  Revolution.  Thomas  Ste- 
venson died  at  "  Stevenson's  Mill "  Decem- 
ber 2, 1852. 

Samuel  Stevenson,  second  son  of  Thomas, 
born  April  20, 1803,  married.  May  16,.1833, 
Anna,  daughter  of  John  Rudderow,  of  what 
is  now  the  borough  of  Merchantville.  The 
latter  gentleman  was  not  of  full  military  age 
at  the  time  of  the  Revolution,  but  he  served 
in  the  home  guards,  organized  to  protect 
the  county  from  the  incursions  of  the  British 
during  their  occupation  of  Philadelphia. 
Samuel  Stevenson  died  at  his  residence  in 
Haddonfield  July  23,  1835,  leaving  two 
sons,  one  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  and  the 
other  Thomas  Stevenson,  born  May  12, 1835, 
who,  on  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War,  was 
a  resident  of  Camden,  and  engaged  in  the 
wholesale  drug  business  in  Philadelphia. 
Relinquishing  his  business,  he  entered  the 
army  as  second  lieutenant  in  the  Eighth  New 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Jersey  Regiment.  He  served  in  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  through  the  Peninsular  cam- 
paign, and  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of 
Fredericksburg  and  Second  Bull  Run.  He 
rose  to  the  rank  of  captain,  but  was  killed 
at  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville,  May  3, 1863, 
and  was  buried  on  the  field  of  battle. 

Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson  was  born  February 
12,  1834.  He  and  his  brother  Thomas  were 
educated  in  Philadelphia,  graduating  from 
the  High  School.  Both  of  them  received 
from  it  the  two  degrees  of  Bachelor  and 
"  Master  of  Arts."  John  R.  Stevenson, 
selecting  the  profession  of  medicine,  entered 
the  office  of  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor,  of  Camden, 
as  a  student,  and  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  in  March,  1863.  He  imme- 
diately commenced  the  practice  of  medicine 
in  Camden. 

Upon  the  passage  of  the  "  Conscription 
Act "  by  Congress,  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Lincoln,  May  2, 1863,  surgeon  of 
the  Board  of  Enrollment  of  the  First  Congres- 
sional District  of  New  Jersey,  then  embracing 
the  six  counties  of  Camden,  Atlantic,  Glouces- 
ter, Salem,  Cumberland  and  Cape  May.  This 
office  he  held  until  the  close  of  the  war,  in 
1865.  Dr.  Stevenson,  while  a  practitioner 
in  Camden,  was  a  member  of  the  Camden 
City  Medical  Society  and  was  its  secretary 
for  two  years,  until  his  removal  from  the 
city,  in  1867.  He  was  one  of  the  corporators 
of  the  Camden  City  Dispensary  and  was  its 
first  secretary.  In  1866  he  was  chairman  of 
the  Medical  Sanitary  Committee,  which  suc- 
cessfully resisted  the  last  invasion  of  cholera 
into  Camden.  Subsequently,  in  consequence 
of  impaired  health,  he  removed  to  Haddon- 
field,  his  present  residence. 

Dr.  Stevenson  is  a  member  of  the  Camden 
County  Medical  Society,  New  Jersey  State 
Medical  Society,  New  Jersey  Historical  Soci- 
ety and  is  a  correspondent  of  the  New  York 
Genealogical  and  Biographical  Society.  He 
is  a  contributor  to  the  publications  of  these 
societies,  to    the   press   and   to  some  of  the 


medical  journals.  He  married  Frances  Strat- 
ton,  daughter  of  Hon.  Charles  Reeves,  who 
represented  Camden  and  Gloucester  Coun- 
ties for  nine  years  in  the  New  Jersey  Legis- 
lature. 

J.  Oelando  White  was  born  in  Atlan- 
tic County,  N.  J.,  May  4,  1847  ;  studied 
medicine  with  Dr.  Richard  M.  Cooper,  of 
Camden,  in  1864,  and  was  the  only  student 
the  doctor  ever  received  in  his  office ;  the 
next  year  he  entered  the  Medical  Department 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  from 
which  he  graduated  in  March,  1868,  since 
which  time  he  has  engaged  in  his  profession 
in  Camden. 

Dr.  White  joined  the  Camden  County 
Medical  Society  in  1870,  and  was  elected  its 
president  in  the  same  year.  He  is  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  State  Medical  Society  and  of  the 
Camden  City  Society.  He  was  one  of  the 
visiting  physicians  for  the  City  Dispensary 
during  the  earlier  years  of  his  practice  in 
Camden. 

Henry  A.  M.  Smith  was  born  in  Doyles- 
town.  Pa.,  July  30,  1839,  and  received  his 
academic  education  at  private  schools  in  his 
native  county.  He  began  the  study  of  medi- 
cine with  Dr.  A.  N.  Cooper,  of  Bucks 
County,  Pa.,  and  graduated  at  the  Jefierson 
Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  in  March, 
1864. 

Dr.  Smith  was  in  the  United  States  service 
for  thirteen  months,  as  acting  assistant  sur- 
geon, connected  with  hospital  duty,  and  in 
1865  removed  to  Gloucester,  where  he  has 
since  been  actively  engaged  in  practice.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  District  Medical  Society 
of  the  county  of  Camden. 

John  R.  Hanby  was  born  at  Riegels- 
ville,  Bucks  County,  Pa.,  November  3,  1833. 
He  was  sent  to  school  at  Bath,  Northampton 
County,  and  then  to  the  Tuscarora  Seminary, 
at  Academia,  Juniata  County,  leaving  which, 
at  seventeen  years  of  age,  he  studied  medi- 
cine with  Dr.  S.  Rosenberger,  of  French- 
town,  N.  J.,  and    entered  Jefferson  Medi- 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


289 


cal  College,  Philadelphia,  attending  one 
course,  when  he  entered  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
graduating  in  March,  1861.  He  practiced 
at  Ervenna,  Pa.,  until  1870,  when  he  came 
to  Camden.  -Dr.  Haney  has  served  as  presi- 
dent of  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society. 

DiLWYN  P.  Pancoast  was  born  at  Mul- 
lica  Hill,  N.  J.,  March  11,  1836.  He  pur- 
sued his  medical  studies  under  Dr.  Alfred 
Smith,  of  Yardleyville,  one  year,  and  enter- 
ed the  Medical  Department  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  March,  1859,  having  graduated 
in  pharmacy  the  year  previous.  He  began 
•  his  practice  at  Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphia, 
and,  in  1863,  entered  into  army  service, 
from  which  he  retired  in  December,  1865; 
practiced  in  Philadelphia  until  1869,  when 
he  moved  to  Camden,  and  now  practices  his 
profession  and  also  owns  a  drug-store. 

Wilson  H.  Ireland  was  born  in  Atlan- 
tic County  July  27,  1845 ;  studied  medicine 
with  Dr.  E.  B.  Richmond,  of  Millville,  in 
1863,  and  in  1864  became  a  student  in  the 
Medical  Department  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  and  was  graduated  in  1867, 
after  which  he  practiced  in  Millville  and  Di- 
viding Creek,  and  in  the  fall  of  1870  moved 
to  Camden. 

He  became  connected  with  the  Camden 
County  and  City  Medical  Societies  in  the 
same  year,  and  at  present  he  is  president  of 
the  former.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
State  Medical  Society. 

Edwin  Tomlinson  was  born  in  Had- 
donfield,  Camden  County,  N.  J.,  on  the  13th 
of  March,  1840.  In  1858  he  entered  a  drug- 
store in  Wilmington,  Del.,  as  clerk,  and,  in 
1861,  accepted  the  same  position  in  the  store 
of  H.  C.  Blair,  of  Philadelphia,  graduating 
at  the  School  of  Pharmacy  in  1863.  After 
a  brief  interval  in  the  West,  he,  in  1866, 
came  to  Gloucester  and  engaged  in  the  drug 
business.  He  entered  Jefferson  Medical 
College  in  1870,  and  received  his  diploma 


from  that  institution  in  1872.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  District  Medical  Society  of  the 
County  of  Camden,  and  has  filled  the  office 
of  president  of  that  body. 

Charles  Hendry  Shivers  was  born  in 
Haddonfield  April  5,  1848.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  the  classical  school  of  Professor  Wil- 
liam Fewsmith,  in  Philadelphia,  and  at  the 
University  of  Lewisburgh,  Pa.  He  was 
a  student  of  medicine,  under  the  instruction 
of  Dr.  N.  B.  Jennings  and  Dr.  L.  J.  Deal. 
In  1809  he  entered  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege, from  which  he  was  graduated  M.D. 
in  March,  1872,  and  at  once  began  to  prac- 
tice in  Haddonfield.  In  the  succeeding  year 
he  joined  the  Camden  Medical  Society,  and 
was  elected  its  president  in  1880.  He  is  also 
a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  State  Medical 
Society.  Dr.  Shivers  is  an  occasional  writer 
for  the  papers  and  magazines,  some  of  his 
poems  having  been  published  in  them.  He 
has  an  extensive  practice  in  his  section  of 
country. 

Elijah  B.  Woolston  belongs  to  an  old 
Burlington  County  family.  He  is  the  son  of 
Dr.  Samuel  and  Ann  Eead  Woolston,  and 
was  born  at  Vincentown,  N".  J.,  August  20, 
1833.  His  mother  was  a  daughter  of  Sam- 
uel and  Sylpha  (Arnold)  Eead,  and  her 
mother  was  a  sister  of  the  late  David  Lan- 
dreth's  (David  Landreth,  of  Philadelphia) 
mother.  The  doctor  was  educated  at  the 
academy  in  Pottsville,  Pa.,  studied  medicine 
with  his  father,  and  graduated  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania  in  1864,  from  which 
institution  the  latter  had  received  his  med- 
ical degree  in  1827.  After  he  had  assisted 
his  father  in  his  practice  for  two  years  in  his 
native  place,  he  moved  to  Iowa  and  settled  just 
across  the  river  from  Omaha,  Neb.,  and  was 
appointed  by  Governor  Cummings,  of  the 
latter  Territory,  surgeon  of  a  brigade  of 
militia  enlisted  for  service  against  thelndians. 
In  1859  he  located  at  Marlton,  New  Jersey, 
and  resumed  his  practice  there.  On  Novem- 
ber 14,  1860,  he  was  commissioned  by  Gov- 


290 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


ernor  Olden  surgeon  of  the  "  First  Division 
Brigade  "  of  New  Jersey  militia.  When  the 
call  for  three  months'  troops  was  made  by 
the  President,  in  1861,  he  accompanied  the 
First  Brigade,  as  surgeon  of  the  Fourth  Reg- 
iment, to  Virginia,  and  remained  with  it  un- 
til the  expiration  of  its  term  of  service.  In 
1862  he  passed  an  examination  before  the 
Special  United  States  Medical  Examining 
Board  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  assigned  to 
the  United  States  Hospilal,  in  Beverly,  N.  J. 
Soon  afterwards  he  was  promoted  to  be  its 
post-surgeon,  a  position  he  retained  until  the 
close  of  the  war. 

He  performed  there  successfully  many  dif- 
ficult operations  in  surgery,  which  won  for 
him  recognition  as  an  unusually  skillful  man 
in  his  profession.  That  the  patients  under 
his  care  were  deeply  grateful  to  him  for  his 
attention  and  appreciated  his  many  kind- 
nesses, as  well  as  his  professional  ability,  was 
attested  by  their  presenting  him  with  a  very 
handsome  case  of  instruments,  which  he 
highly  prizes. 

In  1876  he  removed  to  Delaware  town- 
ship, Camden  County,  and  in  the  same  year 
joined  its  medical  society,  becoming  its  pres- 
ident in  1885. 

The  doctor's  activity  is  by  no  means  con- 
fined to  his  profession.  He  has  taken  a 
great  interest  in  the  public  schools,  held  the 
office  of  township  superintendent  for  many 
years  and  since  its  abolishment  has  been  a 
trustee  of  the  Marlton  public  schools.  In 
accordance  with  that  public  spirit  which  has 
ever  characterized  him,  he  was  one  of  the 
originators  and  incorporators  of  the  Phila- 
delphia, Marlton  and  Medford  Railroad 
Company. 

Dr.  Woolston  was  united  in  marriage, 
January  14,  1869,  with  Miss  Rachael  Ins- 
keep  Haines,  daughter  of  Joshua  S.  and 
Elizabeth  Haines,  a  graduate  of  the  Lewis- 
burgh  (Pa.)  Seminary.  Two  children  were 
the  offspring  of  this  union,  viz. :  Mary  E., 
who  graduated  in  1886  from  the  Abbotsford 


Seminary,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  J.  Preston 
Woolston. 

Edmund  L.  B.  Godpeey  was  born  at 
Tuckahoe,  Cape  May  County,  IV.  J.,  Febru- 
ary 21,  1850,  and  was  a  son  of  Judge  H.  W. 
Godfrey.  He  took  the  degree  of  Ph.B.  at 
the  New  Jersey  Institute  (Hightstown)  in 
1872.  Shortly  afterwards  he  began  to  read 
medicine  with  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Wales,  of  Cape 
May,  and  graduated  as  an  M.D.  from  Jeffer- 
son Medical  College  in  1875.  He  served  as 
house  physician  and  house  surgeon  at  the 
Presbyterian  Hospital,  Philadelphia,  and  at 
the  Rhode  Island  Hospital,  at  Providence. 
In  1876  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion in  Camden  and  has  followed  it  uninter-  • 
ruptedly  since.  He  is  surgeon  of  the  Cam- 
den and  Atlantic  Railroad  and  of  the  Sixth 
Regiment  National  Guards,  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Charities  and  of  the  Camden  Dis- 
pensary Board,  vice-president  of  the  New 
Jersey  Sanitary  Association,  a  member  of  the 
State  Medical  Society  and  of  the  City  and 
County  Medical  Societies,  also  of  the  Amer- 
ican Medical  Association  and  of  the  Inter- 
national Congress  (section  of  hygiene).  He 
has  published  a  number  of  valuable  articles 
on  the  science  of  medicine,  among  which  is 
the  "  Discovery  of  Vaccination  by  Dr.  Jen- 
ner." 

Thomas  G.  Rowand  was  born  at  Car- 
penters Landing  (now  Mantua),  N.  J.,  April 
27,  1829.  He  began  the  study  of  medicine 
with  Professor  J.  McClintock,  and  at  the 
same  time  entered  the  Philadelphia  College 
of  Medicine,  from  which  he  graduated  July 
18,  1850.  He  practiced  in  several  places 
until  1852,  when  he  located  in  Camden.  In 
1862  he  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon  of 
the  Twenty-fourth  Regiment  (New  Jersey), 
and  served  about  a  year.  Upon  his  return 
he  resumed  practice,  and,  in  1872,  opened 
the  drug-store  in  Camden  which  he  still 
owns. 

Onan  Bowman  Gross  was  born  at  Eph- 
rata,  Lancaster  County,  Pa.,  February  19, 


/^^^^*»— -—    /(i:\     ^-^-^9^-<^-^__ 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


291 


1851,  and  is  a  lineal  descendant,  in  the  fifth 
generation,  of  George  Gross,  who,  about 
1747,  emigrated  from  Germany  to  North 
Carolina.  During  the  JRevolution  he  moved 
to  Pennsylvania  and  settled  at  Ephrata,  and 
there  founded  a  family,  which  has  since  be- 
come prominent  and  influential  in  Lancaster 
County.  John  Gross,  born  1778,  in  1803 
married  Polly  Wright,  born  1784,  daughter 
of  John  Wright,  who  was  the  only  one  of 
the-  doctor's  ancestors  not  Germans.  He 
was  from  Ireland,  and,  coming  to  America 
some  time  prior  to  the  Revolution  (prob- 
ably about  1760),  served  through  that 
war  as  a  Continental  soldier  and  came 
out  as  colonel.  He  was  the  great-grandfather 
of  our  subject.  Jacob  L.  Gross,  the  father 
of  the  doctor,  born  in  1825,  and  now  a  resi- 
dent of  Camden,  was  admitted  a  member  of 
the  Lancaster  County  bar,  practiced  the  pro- 
fession of  the  law  for  a  number  of  years  at 
Lancaster,  and,  during  the  years  1854-55, 
was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Legisla- 
ture, and  for  a  time  brigadier-general  of  the 
militia  of  the  counties  of  Lancaster  and 
Chester.  He  was  married,  in  1849,  to 
Hannah  B.  Bowman,  of  Ephrata,  born  in 
1825,  a  representative  of  a  prominent  family 
who  belong  to  the  German  Baptist  denomi- 
nation of  Christians,  and  who  are  highly 
honored  and  respected  for  their  industry  and 
integrity.  Daniel  Bowman,  the  pioneer  of 
the  family  in  America,  came  from  Germany 
in  1738  and  settled  at  Ephrata,  Lancaster 
County,  Pa. 

Dr.  O.  B.Gross  spent  the  time  of  childhood 
and  youth  in  the  vicinity  of  his  birth- 
place ;  attended  the  Ephrata  Academy  until 
the  age  of  seventeen  years ;  he  was  then 
thrown  upon  his  own  resources  and  was  in- 
vited to  learn  the  carpenter's  trade.  Having 
completed  the  term  of  apprenticeship,  he  con- 
tinued his  avocation  five  years  as  a  journey- 
man, during  which  time,  by  strict  economy 
and  judicious  care,  he  earned  sufficient  money 
to  jiay  the  college  fees,  and,  therefore,   in 


1875,  entered  the  Medical  Department  of 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
graduated  from  that  institution  in  1878,  after 
a  full  three  years'  course.  His  preceptors, 
during  his  attendance  on  the  lectures,  were 
Drs.  Eeynell  Coates  and  Professor  Henry 
C.  Chapman.  During  the  years  from  Sep- 
tember, 1876,  to  March,  1878,  he  held  the 
position  of  assistant  demonstrator  of  anat- 
omy in  the  university,  being  the  only  medi- 
cal student  at  that  time  awarded  with  such 
an  honor.  This  position  gave  him  excellent 
advantages,  which  have  been  of  invaluable 
service  to  him  in  the  regular  practice 
of  his  profession.  On  March  5,  1878,  he 
received  a  handsome  gold  medal,  being  the 
H.  Lenox  Hodge  prize,  awarded  him  for 
skill  in  dissecting  and  for  anatomical  demon- 
stration. 

Immediately  after  completing  his  medical 
course  at  the  university.  Dr.  Gross  located  in 
Camden,  at  407  Arch  Street,  where  he  has 
since  met  with  excellent  success  in  general 
practice,  and  at  times  devoting  special  atten- 
tion to  siirger}'.  In  1884,  under  the  Arthur 
admiuistration,  he  wasappoiateda  member  of 
the  United  States  Pension  Examining  Board 
of  Surgeons,  and  continues  in  that  position 
under  the  Cleveland  administration.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Pathological  Society  of 
Philadelphia,  of  the  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation, of  the  New  Jersey  State  Medical  So- 
ciety, and  of  the  Camden  District  Medical 
Society,  and  a  member  of  the  board  of 
managers  of  Camden  City  Dispensary  ;  is 
examining  surgeon  for  Enterprise  Lodge, 
No.  12,  Ancient  Order  of  United  Work- 
men, and  during  the  years  1883-84  was 
special  district  sanitary  inspector  of  the 
State  Board  of  Health.  In  1884  he  was 
elected  by  the  Camden  Board  of  Freeholders 
county  physician  for  a  term  of  three  years. 

Dr.  Gross  was  married,  in  1877,  to  Miss 
Fannie  A.  Coates,  daughter  of  John 
and  Rebecca  Coates,  of  Camden.  They 
have  one  living  child,  Marion,  born  in  1884, 


292 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


their  first-born, — "  twin-boys," — and  a  subse- 
quent child,  also  a  boy,  having  died  as  in- 
fants. 

E.  J.  Snitch  ER  was  born  near  Salem,  Sa- 
lem County,  N.  J.,  August  1,  1849,  and  in 
1872-73-74  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  N.  S. 
Davis,  of  Chicago ;  during  the  same  time  was 
a  student  in  the  Chicago  Medical  College, 
from  which  he  was  graduated  in  March, 
1874,  after  which  he  located  in  Camden.  He 
joined  the  Camden  County  and  New  Jersey 
State  Medical  Societies  in  1876. 

D.  W.  Blake  is  a  native  of  Philadelphia. 
He  was  educated  at  the  academy  of  Professor 
Terrill,  in  Maryland,  and  began  the  study  of 
medicine  with  Dr.  Stuart,  of  Philadelphia. 
He  graduated  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege in  March,  1876,  and  settled  at  Glouces- 
ter in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  is 
also  engaged  in  the  drug  business  at  this 
point.  The  doctor  is  a  member  of  the 
District  Medical  Society  of  the  County  of 
Camden. 

William  A.  Davis  was  born  in  Frederica, 
Kent  County,  Delaware,  December  7,  1850. 
He  began  the  study  of  medicine  in  1872  under 
Dr.  John  R.  Haney,  of  Camden.  After  com- 
pleting his  preparatory  studies  he  entered  the 
Medical  Department  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  and  was  graduated  March,  1876, 
and  then  began  to  practice  in  Camden.  He 
later  entered  Jefferson  Medical  College,  and 
was  graduated  in  March,  1882. 

DowLiNG  Benjamin  is  a  native  of  Balti- 
more, Md.,  where  he  was  born  January  23, 
1849.  He  began  the  study  of  pharmacy  in 
Chester,  Pa.,  in  1867,  and  in  1872,  as  a  med- 
ical student,  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  J.  H. 
Jamar,  of  Port  Deposit,  Md.,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1874  he  became  a  student  of  Dr. 
J.  M.  Ridge,  of  Camden.  In  October  fol- 
lowing he  entered  the  Medical  Department 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
graduated  Avith  the  highest  honors  March  12, 
1877. 

In  1876  he  was  chosen  delegate  from  the 


Camden  Pharmaceutical  Society  to  the  Amer- 
ican Association,  and  has  represented  this 
county  society  in  State,  national  and  inter- 
national societies.  On  August  27,  1879,  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Academy  of  Nat- 
ural Sciences.  After  his  graduation,  in  1877, 
he  began  to  practice  medicine  in  Camden. 
He  has  also  conducted  a  drug-store  for  a  num- 
ber of  years. 

J.  Fkancis  Walsh  was  born  of  American 
parents  in  Florence,  Italy,  April  22,  1855. 
He  began  the  study  of  medicine,  in  1872, 
with  Dr.  W.  W.  Keen,  of  Philadelphia,  and; 
at  the  same  time  entered  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  graduated  in  March,  1876.  For  a  year 
and  a  half  he  served  in  the  hospitals  and  dis- 
pensaries of  Philadelphia,  and  in  November, 
1878,  moved  to  Camden. 

Samuel  B.  Irwin  was  born  at  the  Pleas- 
ant Grove  Iron  Works,  New  London  town- 
ship, Chester  County,  Pa.,  November  7, 1821. 
He  began  the  study  of  medicine,  in  1841, 
with  Dr.  D.  Hayes  Agnew.  In  1842  he 
came  to  Philadelphia  and  entered  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  under  Professor  Joseph 
Pancoast,  from  which  he  was  graduated 
March  2,  1844.  He  attended  the  first  course 
of  lectures  of  the  Philadelphia  Medical  As- 
sociation in  1843.  He  began  practice,  in  1849, 
at  the  Rising  Sun,  Montgomery  County,  Pa., 
and,  in  1866,  moved  to  Burlington  County, 
N.  J.,  where  he  continued  in  practice  until 
1872,  when  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the 
Government  Mercantile  Marine  Service,  and 
served  until  the  spring  of  1876.  The  same 
year  he  removed  to  Camden,  where  he  has 
since  practiced. 

William  H.  Iszaed  was  born  in  Clay- 
ton, Gloucester  County,  N.  J.,  April  27,1842. 
He  enlisted  in  the  service  of  the  United  States 
as  a  medical  cadet  in  1862,  and  was  stationed 
at  the  hospital  on  Broad  Street,  Philadelphia. 
In  the  fall  of  1863  he  entered  Jefferson  Med- 
ical College,  and  after  taking  two  courses  of 
lectures  he  withdrew  on  account  of  ill  health. 


A  HISTOKY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


293 


Upon  recovering,  he  continued  his  studies, 
and  obtained  his  medical  degree  in  March, 
1870,  and  then  began  to  practice  in  Elmer, 
Salem  County,  N.  J.  In  1877  he  removed 
to  Camden.  He  is  an  ex-president  of  the 
Gloucester  County  Medical  Society,  and  is 
now  district  sanitary  inspector  for  the  State 
Board  of  Health. 

C.  M.  ScHBLLiJSTGEE  was  born  at  Cape 
May  November  14,  1848.  He  studied  med- 
icine under  the  instruction  of  Dr.  Alexander 
M.  Mecray,  of  Camden,  and  in  1876  entered 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  from  which  he 
was  graduated  in  March,  1879,  since  which 
time  he  has  practiced  in  Camden.  In  1881 
he  joined  the  Camden  County  and  City  Med- 
ical Societies,  and  also  the  New  Jersey  State 
Medical  Society. 

Heney  H.  Davis  was  born  at  Crosswicks, 
N.  J.,  August  16,  1848.  He  became  a  stu- 
dent of  medicine  in  the  ofBce  of  Dr.  Alex- 
ander Mecray  in  1867;  entered  Jefferson 
Medical  College  the  fall  of  the  same  year, 
and  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  March, 
1869.  He  completed  a  course  in  pharmacy 
at  the  same  time,  and  began  the  practice  of 
medicine  in  Camden.  In  1874  he  opened  a 
drug-store,  and  has  conducted  it  in  connection 
with  his  profession.  In  1881  he  joined  the 
Camden  County  and  ("ity  Medical  Societies, 
and  also  the  State  Medical  Society. 

John  W.  Donges,  druggist,  physician 
and  surgeon,  of  Camden,  was  born  at 
Stouchsburg,  Berks  County,  Pa.,  September 
18,  1844.  His  grandfather,  Jacob  Donges, 
emigrated  from  Germany  shortly  after  the 
Eevolutionary  War,  and  settled  in  Berks 
County.  His  father,  whose  name  was  also 
Jacob,  was  married  to  Sarah  Burkholder,  and 
for  many  years  carried  on  the  shoemaking 
business  in  Stouchsburg,  employing  a  num- 
ber of  workmen,  and  also  conducting  a  shoe- 
store.  The  childhood  and  youth  of  Doctor 
DoBges  were  spent  in  the  village  where  he 
was  born.  He  first  attended  a  private  school, 
taught  by  his  sisters,  and  afterwards  spent 


about  three  years  as  a  student  in  the  Stouchs- 
burg Academy,  then  taught  by  Mr.  Thomas 
S.  Searle.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  years  he 
secured  a  position  as  clerk  in  a  drug-store  at 
Minersville,  Schuylkill  County,  Pa.  When 
seventeen  years  of  age  he  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany H,  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Twenty- 
ninth  Eegiment  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
in  the  nine  months'  service,  and,  with  his 
regiment,  was  assigned  to  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  under  General  McClellan.  His 
regiment  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Antie- 
tam  only  a  few  weeks  after  enlistment,  but 
was  not  drawn  actively  into  the  engagement. 
In  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  in  the  early 
part  of  December,  1862,  the  One  Hundred 
and  Twenty-ninth  Regiment  was  brought 
into  the  thickest  of  the  fight,  and,  whilst 
charging  the  enemy.  Dr.  Donges  received  a 
dangerous  wound  by  the  explosion  of  a  shell, 
causing  a  compound  fracture  of  the  skull.. 
He  was  then  sent  to  the  hospital  for  surgical 
treatment,  and,  owing  to  entire  disability  for 
further  military  duty,  caused  by  the  wound, 
was  discharged  from  the  service  on  January 
8,  1863.  He  soon  afterward  returned  to 
Minersville,  where  he  resumed  his  former 
occupation  in  the  drug  business.  While  here 
he  began  the  study  of  medicine  under  Dr. 
Theodore  Helwig,  a  prominent  physician  of 
Minersville.  After  a  year  he  returned  to 
his  home  in  Stouchsburg,  and  there  continued 
his  studies  under  Dr.  James  A.  Fisher.  In 
1864  he  entered  the  Medical  Department  of 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
graduated  with  the  class  of  1866.  In  the 
following  August  he  began  the  practice  of 
medicine  at  Donaldson,  Schuylkill  County, 
Pa.,  and  continued  it  uninterruptedly  for 
nine  years,  having  there  acquired  a  large 
practice.  Ill  health,  caused  by  over-work, 
induced  him  to  think  of  discontinuing  active 
practice  and  engage  in  the  drug  business. 
In  1875  he  purchased  the  drug-store,  which 
he  has  since  owned  and  conducted,  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Broadway   and    Ferry  Avenue,    in 


294 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY- 


Camden,  where  he  now  has  a  large  and  in- 
creasing practice. 

Dr.  Donges  is  a  member  of  the  Schuylkill 
County  Medical  Society,  the  Camden  City 
and  County  Medical  Society,  the  New  Jersey 
State  Medical  Society  and  the  American 
Medical  Association. 

In  1878  Dr.  Donges  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  City  Council  from  the  Eighth  Ward, 
which,  at  the  general  elections,  is  strongly 
Republican.  On  this  occasion,  however,  it 
gave  the  doctor  a  handsome  majority  as  the 
Democratic  candidate,  and  he  served  six  years 
consecutively  as  a  member  of  Council,  and  was 
president  of  that  body  during  the  year  1883. 
During  the  year  1879,  when  the  small-pox 
prevailed  to  an  alarming  extent  in  Camden, 
he  was  a  member  of  the  sanitary  committee. 
For  his  efficiency  as  an  executive  officer  and 
as  attending  physician — free  of  charge — when 
the  unfortunate  people  were  stricken  with 
that  loathsome  disease,  the  City  Council  unan- 
imously passed  the  following  resolutions  : 

"Council  Chamber,  City  Hall. 

"  Camden,  April  28,  1881. 

"  At  a  stated  meeting  of  City  Council,  held  on  the 
above  date,  it  was  unanimously 

"  Besolved,  That  a  committee  of  three  be  ap- 
pointed to  draft  suitable  resolutions  conveying  the 
thanks  of  this  body  to  J.  W.  Donges,  M.D.,  for 
special  services  rendered  as  a  member  of  the  Cam- 
den Board  of  Health,  during  the  prevalence  of 
small-pox  in  our  city  in  the  fall  of  1879-80. 

"  The  committee  reported  the  following,  which 
was  unanimously  adopted: 

"  Whereas,  The  citizens  of  this  community, 
through  their  representatives,  having  expressed  an 
earnest  desire  that  a  token  of  public  appreciation 
should  be  extended  to  J.  W.  Donges,  M.D  ,  for  the 
fearless  and  faithful  discharge  of  his  duties  as  a 
member  of  the  board  of  Health,  be  it  therefore 

"  Resolved,  That  the  sincere  and  heartfelt  thanks 
of  this  body  and  community  are  hereby  extended 
to  J.  W.  Donges,  M.D..  member  of  City  Council 
from  the  Eighth  Ward,  and  member  of  the  Board 
of  Health,  for  his  indefatigable,  self-sacrificing  and 
successful  efforts  to  obliterate  the  loathsome  dis- 
ease that  infested  our  city. 

"  Besolved,  That  to  his  valuable  assistance  and 
wise' professional  judgment  is  due  the  successful 


eiTorts  of  the  board  in  preventing  a  wide-spread 
epidemic,  and  placing  practical  safeguards  against 
a  recurrence  of  the  disease  for  years  to  come. 

"  Besolved,  That  his  exceptional  care  and  pro- 
vision for  the  comfort  of  the  public  patients  com- 
mands their  gratitude  in  a  manner  that  words  are 
inadequate  to  express. 

"  J.  P.  MiCHELLON, 

"  President  City  Council. 
"Frank  F.  Michellon, 
"  Clerh  City  Council. 

"  Alex.  J.  Milliette,  ) 

"  H.  T.  Rose,  [  Committee." 

"  T.  P.  Pfeiffer,  ) 

On  December  22,  1866,  Dr.  Donges  was 
married  to  Miss  Rose  Renoud,  of  Philadel- 
phia. Dr.  and  Mrs.  Donges  have  five  chil- 
dren,— Miriam  E,,  Clarence  B.,  Raymond 
R.,  Evelyn  L.  and  Ralph  W.  E. 

Ellis  P.  Townsend  was  born  at  Kennett, 
Chester  County,  Pa.,  May  27,  1835.  He 
was  a  student  of  medicine  under  his  father, 
Dr.  W.  W.  Townsend,  and  in  1860  entered 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  and  was  graduated 
in  March,  1863.  He  served  one  year  in  the 
army  as  assistant  surgeon,  after  which  he 
practiced  medicine  in  Beverly,  N.  J.,  from 
1864  until  September,  1883,  when  he  came 
to  Camden.  While  a  practitioner  in  the 
former  place,  he  published  the  County  Prac- 
titioner, a  medical  journal,  that  was  afterward 
discontinued.  He  was  formerly  a  member  of 
the  Burlington  County  Medical  Society,  but 
transferred  his  membership  to  the  Camden 
County  Society  in  1883. 

Howard  F.  Palm  is  a  native  of  Orwiga- 
burg,  Pa.,  where  he  was  born  March  22, 
1855.  He  studied  medicine  with  his  father. 
Dr.  J.  P.  Palm,  and  entered  Jefferson  Medi- 
cal College  in  1879;  was  graduated  March 
12,  1881,  and  March  31,  1881,  from  the 
Philadelphia  School  of  Anatomy,  and  then 
located  as  a  practitioner  in  Camden. 

Conrad  G.  Hoell  was  born  in  Camden 
May  25,  1860.  After  obtaining  a  prepara- 
tory education,  he  entered  the  College  of 
Pharmacy,  in  Philadelphia,  graduating  in 
1880.     Tn  the  same  vear  he  became  a  medi- 


V-  "\^' 


A  HISTOEY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


295 


cal  student  in  the  office  of  Dr.  J.  M.  Eidge, 
and  in  the  spring  of  1881  entered  the  Med- 
ical Department  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  was  graduated  in  March,  1882. 
He  then  located  in  Camden,  and  soon  after- 
ward purchased  a  drug-store  on  Federal 
Street,  which  he  now  conducts  in  connection 
with  his  medical  practice.  He  became  a 
member  of  the  Camden  County  Medical  So- 
ciety in  1884. 

A.  T.  DoBSON,  Jr.,  was  born  at  Cape 
May,  N.  J.,  July  7, 1858;  entered  the  Medi- 
cal Department  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania as  a  student  in  1879,  and  was  grad- 
uated in  March,  1882.  After  eight  months' 
practice  in  Luzerne  County,  Pa.,  he  removed 
to  and  located  in  Camden.  In  the  year  1884 
he  joined  the  Camden  City  and  County  and 
State  Medical  Societies. 

P.  W.  Bealb  was  born  on  the  hanks  of  the 
Wissahickon,  Pa.,  May  23,  1865.  In  1872- 
73  he  studied  medicine  under  Professor  E.  L. 
Wallace,  and  from  1873  to  1876  he  studied 
under  Professor  John  Brinton,  and  at  the 
same  time  was  a  student  in  Jefferson  Medical 
College,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in 
March,  1876.  He  practiced  in  the  hospitals 
for  a  year,  and  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia 
four  years,  and  in  the  spring  of  1881  located 
in  Camden.  He  was  elected  coroner  in  1884. 
He  became  a  member  of  the  Camden  County 
Medical  Society  in  1884. 

Daniel  Steock  was  born  in  Flemington, 
N.  J.,  on  September  6,  1851.  He  began  the 
study  of  medicine,  in  1874,  under  Dr.  Charles 
Geissler,  of  Philadelphia,  and  at  the  same 
time  entered  Jefferson  Medical  College,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  in  March,  1877.  He 
practiced  in  Philadelphia  until  October,  1880, 
when  became  to  Camden. 

Joseph  H.  Wills  was  born  near  Mount 
Holly,  N.  J.,  March  13, 1844.  He  studied 
medicine  with  Dr.  Samuel  Ashhurst,  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  attended  lectures  in  the  Medi- 
cal Department  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania  in    1877,   and   was    graduated   in 


March,  1880,  after  which  he  was  engaged 
in  the  Orthopedic  and  Pennsylvania  Hos- 
pitals until  November  1,  1883,  when  he 
located  in  Camden. 

William  Waenock,  a  native  of  Burling- 
ton, N.  J.,  was  born  June  29,  1858.  He 
studied  pharmacy  for  a  term  of  three  years, 
and  in  1877  entered  the  Medical  Department 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  from  which 
he  was  graduated  in  March,  1880.  He  was 
engaged  one  year  as  physician  in  the  Penn- 
sylvania Hospital,  and  was  surgeon  two  years 
for  the  "  Red  Star  Line  "  of  ocean  steamers. 
In  August,  1883,  he  located  to  practice  his 
profession  in  Camden. 

James  A.  Wamslby  was  born  in  Glou- 
cester County,  N.  J.,  on  19th  of  April,  1851. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  neighbor- 
ing schools,  and  entered  Jefferson  Medical 
College  in  the  fall  of  1876,  graduating  in 
1878.  He  first  located  at  Alloway,  Salem 
County,  N.  J.,  and  remained  two  years,  re- 
moving from  thence  to  Southwestern  Illinois. 
Dr.  Wamsley  made  Gloucester  his  home  in 
1877,  where  he  has  since  been  engaged  in 
active  practice,  as  also  in  the  management  of 
a  drug-store.  He  has  for  seven  consecutive 
years  filled  the  office  of  city  physician  of 
Gloucester. 

D.  Hedding  Baetine,  is  of  Huguenot 
descent,  and  the  great-grandson  of  Jean 
Bartine,  who,  after  his  emigration  from 
France  to  Holland,  came  to  America,  settled 
in  New  Rochelle  and  became  Governor  of 
the  province.  Among  his  children  was  a 
son,  David,  who  became  noted  as  a  minister 
of  unusual  classical  attainments,  who  mar- 
ried a  Miss  Newell,  to  whom  was  born  a 
son,  David  W.,  at  the  old  homestead,  Prince- 
ton, N.  J. 

He  attained  distinction,  both  as  a  doctor 
of  divinity  and  doctor  of  medicine.  By  his 
marriage  to  Amelia,  daughter  of  Richard 
Stout,  of  Ocean  County,  N.  J.,  the  following 
children  were  born :  Richard  S.,  Helen 
(late  Mrs.  George  Batchelder),  Louisa  (wife 


296 


HISTOKY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY.. 


of  Dr.  Lewis  Redding,  of  Trenton),  S. 
Hedding,  Amelia  (late  Mrs.  Charles  Hall), 
Anna  (deceased),  Laura  (wife  of  the  late 
Lieutenant  Slack,  United  States  Navy),  Jen- 
nie (now  Mrs.  James  Macnider,  of  Brook- 
lyn) and  Joseph. 

David  Hedding  Bartine,  the  second  son, 
was  born  November  7,  1841,  at  Morristown, 
N.  J.,  and,  after  an  academic  course  at  Har- 
risburg  and  Lancaster,  Pa.,  removed  to 
Philadelphia,  entering  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  in  the  autumn  of  1859. 

He  graduated  in  1862,  and,  subsequently 
joining  the  staff  of  St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  re- 
mained at  that  institution  for  six  months.  He 
then  entered  the  army  as  assistant  surgeon  of 
the  One  Hundred  and  Fourteenth  Regiment 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  or  Coll  is  Zouaves. 
After  an  active  service  of  one  year  and  nine 
months,  he  was  detached  and  assigned  to 
duty  at  General  Meade's  headquarters,  Army 
of  the  Potomac,  as  attending  surgeon.  In 
August,  1864,  he  was  promoted  to  the  full 
rank  of  major,  and  assigned  to  duty  as  sur- 
geon of  the  Second  Veteran  Artillery,  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers.  On  the  surrender  of 
General  Lee,  Dr.  Bartine  was  placed  as  sur- 
geon in  charge  of  the  Fair-Ground  United 
States  General  Hospital,  at  Petersburg, 
Va.,  and  remained  on  duty  until  he  was  dis- 
charged, February  18,  1866.  He  then  re- 
sumed the  life  of  a  civilian,  locating  in 
Merchantville,  N.  J.,  and  engaged  in  the 
pursuit  of  his  profession.  His  practice, 
which  is  of  a  general  character,  is  not  con- 
fined to  the  immediate  locality  of  his  resi- 
dence, but  extends  to  Camden  and  Philadel- 
phia. He  has  devoted  much  attention  to 
diseases  of  the  throat,  and  his  skill  in  that 
branch  of  practice,  with  his  thorough  knowl- 
edge of  the  profession  as  a  whole,  have 
placed  him  in  the  leading  rank  among  the 
physicians  of  the  county. 

Dr.  Bartine  is  prominently  identified  with 
the  public  interests  of  the  county,  especially 
those    pertaining   to   its   sanitary  condition. 


He  is  president  of  the  Board  of  Health  of 
the  borough  of  Merchantville  and  an  active 
Odd-Fellow,  being  a  member  of  Amity 
Lodge,  No.  166,  of  Merchantville. 

Dr.  Bartine  was  married,  February  21, 
1865,  to  Miss  Clementine,  daughter  of  the 
late  John  Hanna,  Esq.,  one  of  the  oldest 
members  of  the  Philadelphia  bar.  May  H. 
is  their  only  child. 

Louis  Hatton  was  born  of  Friends 
(Quaker)  parentage,  in  Delaware  County, 
Pa.,  in  the  year  1834.  He  received  his  pre^ 
liminary  education  in  the  schools  of  that 
county  ;  remained  on  his  father's  farm,  with 
his  parents,  until  1850.  He  was  placed  by 
his  father  as  an  apprentice  to  learn  the  car- 
penter trade,  under  the  care,  instruction  and 
guardianship  of  George  Chandler,  of  Phila- 
delphia, an  exemplary  member  of  the  Society 
of  Friends.  He  completed  his  apprentice- 
ship in  1854  ;  continued  to  work  at  the  car- 
penter business,  and  by  industry,  frugality 
and  close  study  of  the  preliminary  branches 
of  medical  education  during  hours  of  work 
at  the  bench,  and  at  other  times,  succeeded  in 
accumulating  sufficient  pecuniary  meansand 
medical  knowledge  to  commence  the  regular 
study  of  medicine,  under  the  tuition  of  Isaac 
Lee,  M.D.,  of  Westchester,  Pa.,  in  1857; 
continued  to  study  under  Mr.  Lee  until  1859 ; 
matriculated  in  thePenn  Medical  College,  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  graduated  in  1861  ; 
commenced  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Cam- 
den in  that  year.  He  married  Anna  F. 
Sharp,  daughter  of  Jacob  W.  Sharp,  of 
Camden,  in  1863  ;  lost  his  wife,  by  consump- 
tion, in  1864 ;  married  Laura  V.  Foulks, 
daughter  of  Rev.  William  Foulks  (1868),  by 
whom  two  children  have  been  born, — Carrie 
and  Horace. 

Joseph  E.  Hueff  was  born  September  14, 
1856,  at  Turnerville,  N.  J. ;  obtained  his  pre- 
paratory education  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
town  and  at  the  Blackwood  Academy ;  he 
then  for  three  years  attended  Pierce's  Busi- 
ness College,  in  Philadelphia.      In  1875  he 


A  HISTOEY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


297 


became  a  student  of  medicine  under  the  in- 
struction of  Dr.  Henry  E.  Brannin,  of  Black' 
^vood,  entered  Jefferson  Medical  College  in 
1879,  was  graduated  in  1881,  and  immedi- 
ately thereafter  established  himself  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Blackwood. 
.  James  H.  Stanton  was  born  in  the  State 
of  Maryland  July  9,  1837.  After  obtaining 
a  preparatory  education,  he  began  the  study 
of  medicine  under  the  instruction  of  his  uncle, 
Dr.  W.  E.  Bonwill.  Entering  the  Medical 
Department  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, he  completed  the  course  and  was  grad- 
uated in  the  year  1869.  He  established  him- 
self in  practice  in  Philadelphia  immediately 
after  graduation,  and  continued  in  his  pro- 
fession there  until  1883,  when  he  located  in 
Camden,  and  has  since  followed  his  profession 
in  that  city. 

James  G.  Stanton,  son  of  Dr.  James  H. 
Stanton,  was  born  in  Delaware  April  15, 
1860;  studied  medicine  with  his  father,  en- 
tered Jefferson  Medical  College,  and  after 
his  graduation,  in  March,  1881,  he  began  to 
practice  in  Camden. 

Howard  G.  Bonwill  was  born  near 
Dover,  Kent  County,  Del.,  in  1862.  He 
studied  medicine  with  Dr.  J.  H.  Stanton, 
and  entered  Jefferson  Medical  College,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  in  April,  1886,  and 
then  began  to  practice  in  Camden. 

Samuel  T.  Banes  was  born  in  South- 
amptonville,  Bucks  County,  Pa.,  April  16, 
1846.  He  studied  medicine  in  1867,  under 
the  direction  of  Dr.  Charles  T.  Seary,  of 
Philadelphia,  and  the  three  succeeding  years 
in  the  office  of  Dr.  Gordon,  of  the  same  city. 
He  completed  his  studies  at  the  Medical  De- 
partment of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  graduated  M.D.  in  March,  1872. 
In  1873  he  located  in  the  city  of  Camden, 
Avhere  he  has  since  practiced. 

Isaac  N.  Hugg  was  born  August  24, 
1840,  on  Timber  Creek,  Gloucester  County. 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools,  and 
on  the  breaking  out   of  the  Civil  War,  en- 


tered the  Union  army  as  lieutenant,  was 
promoted  to  captain,  and  served  to  the  close 
in  the  Thirty-fourth  Regiment  New  Jersey 
Yolunteers.  In  1867  he  turned  his  atten- 
tion to  medicine,  with  Washington  J.  Duffy, 
M.D.,  of  Philadelphia,  as  preceptor,  and  en- 
tered the  Philadelphia  University  of  Medi- 
cine and  Surgery  and  graduated  in  1869,  and 
in  July  of  that  year  came  to  Camden,  where 
he  has  since  practiced  his  profession. 

John  Steadley  was  born  in  Frederica, 
Del.,  December  3,  1828,  and  was  educated  at 
the  schools  near  his  home.  He  began  the 
study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Albert  Whiteley,  of 
the  same  place,  and  graduated  from  the  Ver- 
mont Medical  College,  at  Woodstock,  Vt.,  in 
1852.  He  then  acted  as  surgeon  on  board 
a  vessel  running  to  Liverpool,  and  also  made 
a  voyage  to  Australia  in  the  same  capacity. 
In  1862  Dr.  Stradley  engaged  in  practice 
and  opened  a  drug-store  in  Philadelphia.  In 
1874  he  removed  to  Gloucester,  resumed  his 
business  as  a  druggist  and  began  an  office 
practice,  since  abandoned. 

Ezra  Comly  was  born  at  Byberry  Sep- 
tember 17,  1840  ;  studied  medicine  with  his 
father,  Dr.  Isaac  Comly,  entered  the  Medical 
Department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, and  was  graduated  therefrom  in  March, 
1862.  He  practiced  in  his  native  place  until 
November,  1885,  when  he  removed  to  Cam- 
den. . 

H.  H.  Sheek,  a  native  of  Lebanon,  Pa., 
established  a  drug-store  in  Wrightsville  in 
1876,  and  in  1884  entered  Jefferson  Medical 
College  and  graduated  in  May,  1886.  He 
now  conducts  the  drug-store  and  follows  his 
profession. 

Geo.  H.  Jones,  a  native  of  Philadelphia, 
was  born  February  2,  1830.  He  was  grad- 
uated from  the  Medical  Department  of  the 
University  of  the  City  of  New  York  in 
March,  1870.  After  practice  in  several 
places,  he  located  in  Camden  in  February, 
1883, 

Mrs.  Jennie  Eickards  was  born  at  Ja- 


298 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


maica,  L.  I.,  March  23,  1850,  and  began 
the  study  of  medicine  under  Dr.  Joseph 
Hearn,  of  Philadelphia,  in  1876  ;  entered 
the  Woman's  Medical  College  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, in  Philadelphia,  in  1878,  when,  after  two 
years'  study,  in  1880,  she  entered  the  Eclectic 
Medical  Collage  of  Philadelphia,  and  was 
graduated  in  March,  1882.  She  practiced 
medicine  under  Dr.  Hearn  before  graduation, 
and  since  then  has  practiced  medicine  in 
Camden. 

Mrs.  Sophia  Presley  is  a  native  of  Ire^ 
land,  came  to  this  country  when  a  child, 
with  her  parents,  and  in  1876  became  a  stu- 
dent in  the  Women's  Medical  College  of 
Pennsylvania,  in  Philadelphia,  and  was 
graduated  in  1879;  practiced  one  year  in  the 
Hospital  for  Women  and  Children,  and  in 
1881  located  in  Camden.  She  was  appointed 
instructor  of  surgery  in  the  Women's  Hos- 
pital in  1880  and  held  the  position  three 
years,  and  from  1881  to  1884  was  clinic 
physician.  Since  the  death  of  Dr.  I.  Mul- 
ford  she  has  been  physician  in  charge  of  the 
West  Jersey  Orphanage  for  colored  chil- 
dren. 

William  Shafer,  a  native  of  Leesburg, 
Va.,  was  born  Februaiy  14, 1853,  and  stud- 
ied medicine  in  his  native  place  with  Dr.  E. 
H.  Mott.  He  entered  Jeijerson  Medical 
College  in  the  fall  of  1881,  from  which  he 
was  graduated  in  March,  1884.  He  com- 
pleted a  course  of  pharmacy  in  1880,  and 
then  established  himself  in  the  drug  busi- 
ness in  Camden. 

William  E.  Powell  was  born  in  Eng- 
land April  22,  1855  ;  studied  medicine  in 
Canada  and  engaged  in  the  drug  business  in 
that  province.  In  1874  he  came  to  Philadel- 
phia and  entered  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  and  Jefferson  Medical  College. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  former  in  March, 
1875,  and  from  the  latter  in  March,  1877. 
He  began  practice  in  Philadelphia  and  re- 
moved to  Camden  in  January,  1886.  He 
was  appointed  assistant  of  the  Out-Patient 


Medical   Department   of  Jefferson  Medical 
College  Hospital  May  28, 1886. 

William  S.  Jones  was  born  at  Elmer, 
Salem  County,  N.  J.,  January  16, 1856.  He 
began  his  medical  studies  under  J.  S.  Whita- 
ker,  of  Millville,  N.  J.,  in  1875,  and  the 
next  year  entered  Jefferson  Medical  College,  • 
from  which  he  was  graduated  Doctor  of  Medi- 
cine in  March,  1878,  and  practiced  in  Mill- 
ville until  the  fall  of  1885,  when  he  moved 
to  Camden,  where  he  now  resides.  He  is 
also  assistant  physician  of  the  Laryngologi- 
cal  Department  of  Jefferson  Medical  College 
Hospital. 

Lawrence  L.  Glover  was  born  in  Cam- 
den. He  studied  medicine  under  Dr.  T. 
J.  Smith,  of  Bridgeton,  and  Prof.  Wallace, 
of  Philadelphia,  and  entered  Jefferson  Medi- 
cal College  in  the  fall  of  1879,  from  which 
he  was  graduated  in  May,  1882.  He  began 
practice  in  Salem,  and  in  April,  1885,  re- 
moved to  Haddonfield,  where  he  is  now  in 
practice. 

E.  R.  Smiley  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  having  descended  from  a 
family  of  physicians,  being  a  grandson  of  the 
well-known  Dr.  Thomas  Smiley,  of  Phila- 
delphia. He  was  graduated  from  the  Phila- 
delphia High  School  and  entered  the  drug- 
store of  P.  S.  Reed,  in  West  Philadelphia,  in 
1868,  graduating  in  pharmacy.  He  entered 
Jefferson  Medical  College  in  1874,  from  which 
he  was  graduated  in  1880,  taking  a  prize  for 
•  an  essay  on  obstetrics,  which  branch  of  the 
profession  he  now  practices  as  a  specialty. 
After  graduating,  he  came  to  Camden,  and 
entered  into  a  partnership  with  Dr.  W.  A. 
Davis,  in  the  drug  business,  and  in  1885  he 
established  a  drug-store. 

N.  Davis,  a  native  of  Kent  County,  Del., 
was  graduated  from  the  Philadelphia  College 
of  Pharmacy  in  1878,  and  in  1882  opened  a 
drug-store  in  Camden.  In  1883  he  entered 
the  office  of  Dr.  W-  A.  Davis  as  a  medical 
student,  and  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year  en- 
tered Jefferson  Medical  College,  and   after 


A  HISTOEY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


299 


graduatiDg  in  1886  has  conducted  both  the 
drug-store  and  his  medical  practice. 

John  H.  Sutton  was  born  in  JSTewton, 
N.  J.,  March  23,  1856,  and  in  1873  began 
the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Jonathan 
Hoven,  in  his  native  place.  In  1874  he 
entered  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons in  New  York  City,  from  which  he 
was  graduated  in  1877,  and  began  practice 
in  Newark,  N,  J.,  and  continued  there  until 
1880,  when  he  removed  to  Camden. 

William  C.  Eattghley,  a  native  of  Kent 
County,  Del.,  was  born  November  21,  1857. 
He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  A.  H.  Bishop, 
of  Dover,  Del.,  and  entered  the  Medical  De- 
partment of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
from  which  he  was  graduated  in  May,  1884, 
and  then  began  practice  in  Berlin. 

GuiLFOBD  GuNTER  was  born  in  Fred- 
erickton,  N.  B.,  March  22,  1858 ;  studied 
medicine  'in  Canada ;  entered  the  Medical 
Department  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1878,  and  from  that  institution  re- 
ceived his  medical  degree  in  1880.  He  en- 
tered upon  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
Berlin,  and  in  1884  removed  to  Camden. 

Geoege  W.  Heney  was  born  in  Camden 
November  19,  1858.  He  entered  the  Phila- 
delphia College  of  Pharmacy  in  1875,  and 
graduated  in  March,  1879  ;  studied  medicine 
with  Dr.  D.  Benjamin,  and  entered  Jefferson 
Medical  College  in  the  fall  of  1880,  taking 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine,  and  in 
April  following  began  practice  in  Camden, 
which,  in  connection  with  a  drug-store,  he 
continues. 

W.  S.  Long  was  born  in  Chester  County, 
Pa.,  November  25, 1855.  He  studied  medi- 
cine with  his  father,  Dr.  M.  A.  Long,  and  in 
the  fall  of  1875  entered  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  graduated  therefrom  March  11,  1878. 
He  practiced  one  year  as  resident  physician 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  was  in  charge 
one  year,  under  Dr.  Charles  K.  Mills,  of  the 
Nervous  Dispensary,  four  years  in  Philadel- 


phia, and  in  April,  1885,  moved  to  Haddon- 
field,  where  he  is  now  in  practice. 

Robert  Caspeeson  is  a  native  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  born  November  23, 1859.  He  be- 
came astudent  in  1881  under  Professor  W.H. 
Pancoast,  and  in  the  meantime  for  two  years 
attended  lectures  at  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege. In  1883  he  visited  the  hospitals  of 
London  and  Paris,  and  on  bis  return  resumed 
his  study  at  the  same  institution  and  was 
graduated  in  March,  1884.  He  practiced  in 
Philadelphia  one  year,  and  in  June,  1886, 
removed  to  Camden. 

William  A.  Westcott  was  born  in 
Waterford  October  15,  1857 ;  studied  medi- 
cine with  Dr.  Jennings,  of  Camden  ;  entered 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  and  was  graduated 
in  April,  1883.  He  also  took  a  post-graduate 
course  in  the  Pennsylvania  School  of  Anatomy 
and  Surgery,  in  operative  surgery  with  the 
physicians  and  surgeons  of  Philadelphia 
Hospital,  in  obstetrics  at  the  Philadelphia 
Lying-in  Charity  Hospital.  After  finishing 
these  studies  at  the  institutions  mentioned  he 
began  the  active  duties  of  his  profession  in 
Berlin,  where  he  still  resides  and  practices. 

Geoege  T.  Robison  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  March  15, 1861.  After  com- 
pleting the  medical  course  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  he  was  graduated  March  5, 
1882,  and  immediately  began  the  active 
duties  of  his  profession  in  Camden. 

R.  W.  Richie,  is  a  graduate  of  Jefferson 
Medical  College  in  1852,  and  after  practicing 
medicine  several  years  in  Philadelphia,  in 
1885  he  removed  to  Camden  and  engaged  in 
the  drug  business  and  continued  his  medical 
profession. 

RoBEET  GiviN  Tayloe  was  born  in  the 
county  of  Antrim,  Ireland,  April  28,  1820. 
He  emigrated  to  this  country  in  1845,  and 
in  1858  began  the  study  of  medicine  under 
the  instruction  of  Dr.  John  Hm-st,  of  Phil- 
adelphia. After  spending  the  required  time 
as  a  student  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
he  was  graduated  M.  D.  in  1861,  and  immedi- 


300 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


ately  established  himself  as  a  physician  in 
the  city  of  Camden.  In  1873  he  took  charge 
•of  a  drug-store  previously  conducted  by  his 
son,  Dr.  William  Taylor,  which  he  has  since 
continued  in  connection  with  his  professional 
duties. 

Alexandeh  McAlliston  was  born  in 
Paterson,  N.  J.,  May  5,  1862.  He  entered 
the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy,  and 
was  graduated  in  1882,  and  the  same  year 
entered  the  Medical  Department  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was  grad- 
uated from  that  institution  in  May,  1885, 
and  then  began  practice  in  Camden. 

Frank  G.  Stroud  was  born  at  Moores- 
town,  N.  J.,  October  30,  1862,  and  studied 
medicine  with  his  father,  Dr.  J.  C.  Stroud. 
In  1880  he  entered  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege, and  was  graduated  April  2,  1882.  He 
began  practice  in  his  native  place  and  con- 
tinued until  December  10,  1885,  when  he 
located.  He  is  also  in  the  Laryngological 
Department  on  the  staff  of  Jefferson  Medical 
College  Hospital. 

HOMCEOPATHY. 

The  founder  of  homoeopathy,  Samuel 
Hahnemann,  was  born  April  10,  1755,  at 
Meissen,  in  Cur-Saxony,  one  of  the  regions  in 
■Germany.  He  passed  several  years  at  the 
Stadtschule,  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  he 
began  to  attend  the  Furstenschule,  of  Meissen, 
where  he  remained  eight  years.  His  parents 
were  poor,  but  his  inherent  thirst  for  knowl- 
edge induced  his  instructors  to  give  him  the 
advantages  of  an  education  without  paying 
the  usual  tuition  fees.  In  1775  he  entered 
the  University  of  Leipsig,  where  he  raised 
enough  money  to  spend  two  years  in  study, 
by  giving  lessons  as  a  tutor  and  making 
translations  into  German.  He  took  his  de- 
gree of  Doctor  of  Medicine  at  Erlangen 
August  10,  1779.  He  spent  ten  years  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  different 
places,  and  in  1789  returned  to  Leipsig, 
where  he  soon   became  favorably  known  for 


his  knowledge  of  medicine,  chemistry,  min- 
eralogy and  the  kindred  sciences,  and  for 
many  important  discoveries  which  gave  him 
a  wide-spread  reputation.  In  pursuing  his 
investigations  he  became  dissatisfied  with 
the  state  of  medical  science  around  him. 
He  claimed  that  it  was  imperfect,  and  then 
began  to  elaborate  a  new  system  of  medicine 
which  he  termed  homceopathia,  which  is 
derived  from  the  two  Greek  words,  homoios 
(similar)  and  pathos  (feeling  or  suffering). 
He  tested  the  use  of  a  number  of  drugs,  con- 
vinced himself  and  advanced  it  as  a  theory, 
that  a  remedy  which  would  cure  a  certain 
disease  would  also  produce  a  disorder  very 
similar  to  that  disease  in  a  healthy  person, 
and  that  the  converse  was  equally  true, — i.  e., 
that  a  drug  which  produced  a  certain  disease 
in  a  healthy  body  would  cure  it  in  a  sick 
one.  He  tested  the  drug  on  his  own  person, 
carefully  noting  the  minutest  effects  produced 
and  comparing  them  with  the  symptoms  of 
well-known  diseases.  He  induced  some  of 
his  friends  to  join  him  in  these  tests  or  prov- 
iugs,  and,  by  mutually  comparing  notes,  cer- 
tain positive  facts  and  a  code  were  established. 
This  was  the  origin  of  the  famous  axiom, 
similia  similibus  ourantur.  Many  German 
physicians  tested  the  principles  of  Hahne- 
mann, and  afterwards  advocated  them.  The 
founder  of  this  new  system  of  medicine,  after 
he  had  attained  the  age  of  forty-five  years, 
lived  in  a  complete  self-abnegation  and 
endangered  his  own  physical  constitution  in 
testing  the  system  he  was  promulgating. 
In  the  mean  time  he  wrote  ten  volumes  of 
the  "Materia  Medica  Pura,"  and  effected 
cures  on  persons  of  eminence  in  promulgat- 
ing the  theory  of  minimum  doses.  His 
greatest  work  is  entitled  the  "  Organon  of 
Eational  Medicine,"  which  has  always  been, 
and  doubtless  will  continue  to  be,  a  text- 
book of  the  homoeopathic  profession.  In  1805 
he  published  a  little  work  on  the  "  Positive 
Effects  of  Medicine."  In  1831  he  rendered 
efficient  service  during  the  time  the  cholera 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


301 


raged  so  violently  in  Eastern  Europe.  In 
1836  he  left  Leipsig  and  resided  for  fifteen 
years  with  the  Duke  at  Coethen,  perfecting 
his  system  by  experiments  and  in  the  treat- 
ment of  the  sick  of  many  families  of  the 
nobility. 

During  his  residence  at  Coethen,  when 
in  his  eightieth  year,  he  married  Made- 
moiselle D'Hervilly  Gohier,  a  member  of 
one  of  the  prominent  families  of  France. 
She  had  been  cured  by  him  of  a  dangerous 
malady.  The  marriage  was  somewhat  ro- 
mantic, inasmuch  as  she  was  forty-five  years 
his  junior.  Soon  after  this  event  he  and  his 
wife  removed  to  Paris,  where  he  spent  the 
remainder  of  his  years,  and  died  July  2, 
1844,  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-nine 
years.  He  was  of  slender  form  and  diminu- 
tive stature.  His  head  was  large  and  his 
forehead  well-proportioned.  He  was  known 
by  his  contemporaries  as  a  man  of  fine  intel- 
lect. 

Homoeopathy  was  introduced  in  Camden 
County  by  the  physicians  of  Philadelphia. 
In  1838  the  "  Family  Guide,"  translated  and 
compiled  by  C.  Hering,  M.D.,  was  published 
in  Camden  and  aided  greatly  in  spreading 
the  knowledge  of  homoeopathy,  inducing  many 
to  test  it.  The  way  was  thus  prepared  for  a 
physician  of  this  school,  and  in  1841  J.  R. 
Andrews,  M.D.,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medi- 
cal College,  Philadelphia,  began  the  practice 
of  homoeopathy  here.  He  was  faithfully  sup- 
ported by  a  few  warm  friends,  but  being  a 
young  man  and  the  opposition  proving  very 
strong,  after  two  years  of  struggling  he  re- 
moved to  Wilmington,  Del.  He  remained 
there  only  a  short  time,  being  induced  to  re- 
turn by  the  earnest  solicitation  of  former 
patrons.  After  his  return  his  practice  grew 
rapidly,  and  he  continued  in  extensive  busi- 
ness until  his  sudden  death,  in  1864,  from 
cerebro-spinal  meningitis. 

A  family  by  the  name  of  Reese,  living  on 
Cooper  Street,  above  Third,  was  probably  the 
first  in  Camden  to  receive  homoeopathic  treat- 
35 


ment,  being  visited  by  Dr.  Schoralie,  of 
Philadelphia.  Through  the  head  of  this 
family.  Dr.  Andrews,  who  was  then  sick,  was 
induced  to  try  homoeopathic  treatment,  and  it 
resulted  as  successfully  in  his  case  as  in  the 
Reese  family.  It  was  this  circumstance, 
undoubtedly,  which  gave  the  initial  impulse 
to  his  career. 

Dr.  J.  Richardson  Andrews  here  allud- 
ed to  as  the  pioneer  of  homoeopathy  in  Camden, 
was  born  in  the  city  September  21, 1818,  and 
was  a  son  of  Richardson  Andrews,  a  lumber 
merchant.  He  read  medicine  with  Dr.  Wil- 
liam Schoralie,  of  Philadelphia,  and  gradu- 
ated from  Jefferson  Medical  College  in  1841. 
He  married  Catharine,  daughter  of  Captain 
Warrington,  of  Pennsylvania,  by  whom  he  had 
four  children, — William,  Richardson,  Kate 
and  P.  W.  Andrews,  now  a  physician.  Dr. 
Andrews  died  in  1864,  as  heretofore  men- 
tioned. He  was  universally  esteemed  as  an 
eminent  and  skillful  physician,  and  a  man  of 
irreproachable  character. 

Samuel  Carles  was  among  the  first 
practitioners  of  homoeopathy  in  Camden 
County.  He  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
May  11,  1817.  He  began  the  study  of 
medicine  with  Dr.  George  McClellan, 
of  Philadelphia,  and  soon  after  entered 
Jefferson  Medical  College  and  received  the  ■ 
degree  of  M.D.  in  March,  1839.  He 
practiced  medicine  a  few  years  in  Phila- 
delphia, and  in  1854  read  medicine  under  Dr. 
John  Anderson,  a  prominent  homoeopa,thist 
of  Camden,  and  in  1855  was  graduated  from 
Hahnemann  Medical  College  and  then  began 
practicing  in  Camden,  in  accordance  with 
the  teaching  of  Hahnemann,  many  years 
with  marked  success.  He  still  resides  in 
Camden. 

Bowman  H.  Shivers  was  born  in  Had- 
donfield  July  7,  1836.  He  studied  medicine 
with  Dr.  Julius  Holtenpolf,  of  Haddonfield, 
and  in  the  fall  of  1855  entered  Pennsylvania 
Medical  University,  in  Philadelphia,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  in  April,  1858.    He 


B02 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


then  began  to  practice  his  profession  in 
Marlton  and  continued  until  1862 ;  resided 
in  Philadelphia  two  years  and  in  1864  began 
the  practice  of  homoeopathy  in  his  native 
town. 

J.  Kemper  Bryant  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia December  18,  1832.  He  studied 
medicine  with  Dr.  J.  G.  Howard,  of  Phila- 
delphia, in  1852,  and  entered  Hahnemann 
Medical  College,  from  which  he  was  grad- 
uated in  March,  1856.  He  practiced  in  New- 
ark, Delaware,  until  1864,  "when  he  moved 
to  Camden  and  has  since  pursued  his  profes- 
sion in  that  city. 

H.  F.  Hunt  was  born  in  Providence, 
E.  I.,  March  29,  1838.  His  ancestors  are 
among  the  earliest  settlers  of  the  State.  His 
great-grandfather  was  a  colonel  in  the  Eevo- 
lutionary  War,  and  his  descendants  have  con- 
tinued to  occupy  prominent  political  positions. 
Dr.  Hunt  passed  through  the  graded  schools 
in  Providence,  and,  at  fifteen  years  of  age, 
entered  Greenwich  Seminary,  taking  a  three 
years'  college  course.  His  health  failing,  he 
did  not  enter  Brown  University,  as  intended, 
at  the  expiration  of  the  three  years,  but  had 
to  relinquish  study.  He  managed  a  cotton- 
factory  for  his  father  until  the  spring  of 
1860,  when  he  decided  to  go  West.  He  be- 
came a  teacher  in  Aurora  Seminary  at  Auro- 
ra, 111.,  and  also  commenced  the  study  of 
medicine  with  Dr.  Howell,  an  allopathic 
physician.  He  remained  there  two  years  and 
then  returned  East  and  took  a  course  of  lec- 
tures at  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College, 
New  York.  While  studying  with  Dr.  Howell 
a  severe  epidemic  of  diphtheria  prevailed,  and 
thinking  that  the  homceopathic  treatment  was 
more  successful,  he  was  induced  to  investigate 
that  treatment.  After  leaving  New  Jersey  he 
returned  to  Providence  and  entered  the  office 
of  Dr.  A.  H.  Okie.  He  remained  with  him 
two  years.  He  graduated  from  the  Homceo- 
pathic Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in 
the  spring  of  1864.  Dr.  J.  R.  Andrews 
died  at  that  time  and  he  was  invited  to  suc- 


ceed him  in  Camden.  This  gave  him  at  once 
a  large  and  lucrative  practice.  He  was  soon 
compelled  to  relinquish  all  country  practice. 

The  idea  was  conceived  of  organizing  the 
homceopathic  medical  men  of  South  Jersey, 
and  the  result  was  the  establishment  of  the 
West  Jersey  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society, 
of  which  Dr.  Hunt  was  elected  president. 
He  also  helped  to  organize  the  State  Society, 
and  was  elected  its  president  in  1876,.  and 
was  also  appointed  a  delegate  to  the  World's 
Convention,  which  assembled  in  Philadelphia 
that  year. 

P.  W.  Andrews,  son  of  Dr.  J.  R.  An- 
drews, the  first  resident  homoeopathist  in 
Camden  County,  was  born  in  Camden. 
He  attended  the  Friends'  Central  School,  in 
Philadelphia,  and  afterwards  pursued  the 
study  of  the  classics  under  the  instruction  of 
Professor  Hutchinson,  of  Camden.  He  read 
medicine  in  the  office  of  his  father  until  the 
time  of  the  latter's  death,  and  then  became  a 
student  with  Dr.  H.  F.  Hunt.  He  attended 
medical  lectures  for  two  years  at  Long  Island 
College  Hospital,  and  then  entered  the  Ho- 
mceopathic Medical  College  of  Philadelphia, 
and  was  graduated  from  that  institution.  He 
has  since  practiced  in  Camden. 

Melbourne  F.  Middleton  was  born 
in  the  city  of  Camden  on  the  21st  day 
of  January,  1842.  His  father,  Timothy 
Middleton,  his  grandfather,  Amos  A.  Mid- 
dleton, and  his  great-grandfather,  Timothy 
Middleton,  were  all  born  here.  In  these 
early  days,  reaching  back  to  Revolutionary 
times,  Camden  was  but  a  very  small  village. 
Timothy  Middleton,  the  father  of  the  doc- 
tor, was  born  January  21,  1817,  and  died 
April  15,  1867.  He  was  an  active,  intelli- 
gent and  successful  farmer,  but  exchanged 
that  occupation  in  his  later  years  for  city  life, 
and,  becoming  interested  in  local  affairs,  was 
elected  and  served  one  term  as  mayor  of  thfe 
city  of  Camden.  He  was  married,  on  the 
19th  of  November,  1840,  to  Hester  A.  R. 
Jenkins,  an  estimable  lady,  and  the  follow- 


a/'  '^yw^^^^f^^^--^^^^'''^^ 


A  HISTORY  OP  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


303 


ing  children  were  born  to  them  :  Melbourne 
F.,  Malinda  E.,  Amos  A.,  Elizabeth  S.  and 
Timothy  J.  Dr.  Melbourne  F.  Middleton, 
the  eldest  and  the  subject  of  this  biography, 
obtained  his  preparatory  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Camden  and  Philadelphia. 
After  leaving  school  he  returned  to  his 
father's  farm,  near  Camden,  where  he  spent 
about  four  years  in  the  healthy  occupation  of  • 
a  farmer.  During  this  time  and  after  leav- 
ing the  farm  (his  father  returning  to  Cam- 
den) he  pursued  special  branches  of  study  to 
fit  himself  more  fully  for  active  business 
life.  We  next  find  him  engaged  for  a  short 
time  as  a  grocer's  clerk;  then  as  a  salesman 
in  a  cloth-house  in  Philadelphia  ;  then  as  an 
assistant  book-keeper  in  the  office  of  Dr.  D. 
Jayne  &  Son,  of  Philadelphia,  where  he  was 
soon  advanced  to  the  position  of  general  cor- 
respondent. The  duties  were  arduous,  in- 
volving a  list  of  correspondents  to  the  num- 
ber of  ten  thousand.  After  being  in  the 
office  about  two  years,  and  his  health  failing, 
the  firm  kindly  gave  him  their  power  of  at- 
torney, and  sent  him  out  traveling  in  their 
interests,  which  position  he  held  nearly  two 
years,  after  which  he  returned,  with  renewed 
health  and  an  invaluable  experience,  which 
had  broadened  his  view  of  men  and  things, 
to  enter  upon  the  fulfillment  of  hopes  that 
had  been  cherished  from  early  childhood, 
and  towards  which  every  previous  move- 
ment of  his  life  had  been  a  stepping-stone — 
the  study  of  medicine.  During  the  time  he 
was  in  the  office  of  Dr.  D.  Jayne  &  Son  he 
matriculated,  and  each  winter  attended  lec- 
tures on  single  branches  of  medicine,  and, 
while  traveling,  continued  study  so  far  as  his 
duties  and  health  would  permit.  In  the  fall 
of  1866  he  entered  the  Hahnemann  Medical 
College,  of  Philadelphia,  for  the  full  course 
of  lectures,  and  graduated  with  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Medicine  on  March  4,  1868,  and 
immediately  commenced  the  practice  of  med- 
icine in  the  city  of  Camden,  where  he  still 
continues  an  earnest  and  successful  physi- 


cian. He  is  a  member  of  the  West  Jersey 
HomcEopathic  Medical  Society,"  "  The  New 
Jersey  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society," 
"The  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy," 
and  the  "  Camden  Microscopical  Society."  He 
is  one  of  the  originators  of  the  "  Camden  Ho- 
moeopathic Hospital  and  Dispensary  Associa- 
tion," and,  in  1880,  through  his  influence, 
the  practice  of  homoeopathy  was  introduced 
into  the  "  Camden  County  Asylum  for  the 
Insane."  He  was  for  eight  years  a  member 
of  the  "  Board  of  Education  of  the  City  of 
Camden,"  is  also  a  member  of  "Camden 
Lodge,  No.  15,  F.  A.  M,"  and  is  connected 
by  membership  with  the  Third  Street  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church,  of  which  his  parents 
were  among  the  early  members. 

Dr.  Middleton  was  married,  on  the  16th 
day  of  March,  1871,  to  Miss  Emily  M. 
King,  youngest  daughter  of  Captain  Henry 
King,  one  of  the  oldest  and  a  highly  re- 
spected citizen  of  Camden.  They  have  four 
children, — Bessie  K.,  Melbourne  F.,  Arthur 
L.  and  Timothy  G. 

Thomas  E.  Blackwood  was  born  in 
Moorestown,  N.  J.,  July  21,  1834.  He  en- 
tered the  office  of  Dr.  Clay,  of  that  town,  as 
a  medical  student,  in  1867,  and  soon  after 
entered  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  from 
which  he  obtained  his  medical  degree  in  1880. 
Immediately  after  graduating  he  established 
himself  in  practice  in  Camden,  and  has  since 
continued  it. 

C.  J.  Cooper  was  born  in  Langhorne, 
Bucks  County,  Pa.,  October  14,  1843.  He 
began  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  H.  F. 
Hunt,  entered  Hahnemann  Medical  College 
in  1866,  was  graduated  in  1868,  began  prac- 
tice in  Salem,  N.  J.,  and  in  the  fall  of  1869 
moved  to  Camden,  where  he  has  since  prac- 
ticed with  success. 

Theodore  S.  Williams,  a  native  of 
Brewer,  Me.,  was  born  November  27,  1815 ; 
studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Caleb  Swan,  of 
Easton,  Mass. ;  attended  medical  lectures  at 
Dartmouth   College  in    1840,  under  Dr.  O. 


304 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


"W.  Holmes,  and  Professor  Benjamin  Silli- 
man,  the  next  year,  at  Bowdoin  College,  in 
Maine.  After  a  few  years  of  travel  he  took 
his  medical  degree,  and  in  July,  1844,  located 
in  Germantown,  Pa.,  and  in  1850  entered 
Hahnemann  Medical  College,  Philadelphia, 
and  from  that  time  was  a  follower  of  the 
Hahnemann  school  of  medicine,  and  prac- 
ticed in  Germantown  from  1844  to  1870,  and 
then  retired  from  regular  practice  and  re- 
moved to  Haddonfield,  where  he  still  lives. 
His  son,  Franklin  E.,  was  born  at  German- 
town  May  2, 1 857.  He  entered  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  in  June,  1873.  After  two 
years'  course  in  the  Scientific  Department  he 
entered  the  Medical  Department  and  received 
his  degree  in  March,  1878.  In  the  same 
year  he  took  a  post-graduate  course  at 
Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  was  graduated  in  March,  1879. 
He  began  and  has  since  practiced  in  Had- 
donfield. 

J.  D.  Lecknee  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
May  9,  1853;  studied  medicine  with  Dr. 
Henry  N.  Martin,  entered  Hahnemann  Med- 
ical College  in  1871,  and  completed  the 
course,  receiving  his  degree  in  March,  1873; 
began  practice  in  Philadelphia,  and,  in  1876, 
came  to  Camden.  He  is  president  of  the 
Board  of  Health  of  the  city  of  Camden,  and 
one  of  the  staff  of  the  Homoeopathic  Hospital 
of  Camden. 

Anna  E.  Geippith  was  born  in  1830  in 
Elizabeth,  N.  J.;  studied  medicine  with  Dr. 
S.  A.  Barnett,  of  New  York  City,  and,  in 
1871,  entered  the  Women's  Medical  College 
of  New  York  City,  a  homoeopathic  institution ; 
was  graduated  in  March,  1874 ;  practiced  in 
New  York  City  one  year,  and  then  removed 
to  Camden  to  continue  in  her  profession.    . 

Willis  H.  Hunt,  a  native  of  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  and  brother  of  H.  F.  Hunt,  of 
Camden,  was  born  April  19,  1855.  He  be- 
gan the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Elmer 
Eddy,  of  Providence,  and,  in  1874,  entered 
Harvard  Medical  School,  and  was  graduated 


in  June,  1877,  with  a  view  of  following  the 
practice  of  the  allopathic  school  of  medicine. 
In  the  fall  of  1877  he  came  to  Philadelphia, 
entered  Hahnemann  Medical  College  and 
studied  one  year,  and,  by  reason  of  ill  health, 
withdrew.  In  1879  he  began  practice  in 
Camden,  and  still  continues. 

Edgae  B.  Shaep  was  born  at  Long-a- 
'  Coming  (now  Berlin),  Camden  County,  N.  J., 
October  21,  1855  ;  was  a  student  with  Pro- 
fessor A.  R.  Thomas,  of  Philadelphia  ;  at- 
tended the  lectures  of  Hahnemann  Medical 
College,  of  Philadelj)hia,  graduated  March 
9,  1876  ;  now  practicing  at  Westmont, 
Camden  County,  N.  J. 

E.  M.  Howard,  is  a  native  of  Barry, 
Mass.,  where  he  was  born  September  11, 
1848.  He  began  the  study  of  medicine  at 
home,  in  1868,  with  Dr.  A.  E.  Kemp,  and 
in  1870  entered  Cornell  University,  Ithaca, 
N.  Y.,  and  took  a  special  preparative  course 
in  comparative  anatomy,  under  Professor 
Burt  G.  Wilder;  was  graduated  in  1873, and 
in  1874  entered  Hahnemann  Medical  Col- 
lege, Philadelphia,  from  which  he  obtained 
his  medical  degree  in  1877,  and  then  located 
in  Camden.  He  was  appointed  lecturer  on 
botany  in  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College 
in  1878,  on  pharmacy  in  1881  and  on  toxi- 
cology in  1886,  and  still  continues  in  these 
departments. 

Eli  Tullis  was  born  in  Cumberland 
County,  N.  J.,  April  10,  1838.  He  entered 
Hahnemann  Medical  College  in  the  fall  of 
1875,  and  was  graduated  in  March,  1879, 
and  began  practice  in  Camden. 

William  G.  Du  Bois  was  born  in  Clayton 
township,  Gloucester  County,  N.  J.,  August 
17,  1858,  and  received  his  preliminary  edu- 
cation under  private  tutors  at  home.  He 
began  the  study  of  medicine  under  Dr.  Wal- 
lace McGeorge,  of  Woodbury,  and  entered 
the  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  Philadel- 
phia, from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1880. 
He  has  since  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  Gloucester. 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


305 


Silas  H.  Quint  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
December  3, 1849  ;  began  the  study  of  med- 
icine in  1870  with  Dr.  Samuel  Carles,  and 
entered  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  grad- 
uating March  10, 1873.  In  1874  he  opened 
an  office  in  Camden.  He  is  secretary  of  the 
board  of  directors  of  the  Homoeopathic  Hos- 
pital and  Dispensary  of  Camden. 

E.  H.  Peacock  was  born  in  Camden  Feb- 
ruary 5, 1858 ;  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  M. 
F.  Middleton,  and,  in  1878,  entered  Hahne- 
mann Medical  College,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  March,  1881.  He  began  prac- 
tice in  Camden,  and  in  April,  1883,  removed 
to  Berlin,  where  he  is  now  in  practice. 

George  D.  Woodward,  a  native  of  Cam- 
den, was  born  May  28, 1860.  He  began  the 
study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  H.  F.  Hunt  in 
1881,  and  the  same  year  entered  Hahnemann 
Medical  College,  and  was  graduated  in  March, 
1884.  He  began  practice  in  Belair,  Harford 
County,  Md.,  and  removed  to  Camden  April 
1,  1886. 

T.  Walter  Gardiner  is  a  native  of  Phil- 
adelphia, where  he  was  born  October  25, 1 854. 
He  attended  the  school  at  Woodbury  and  the 
South  Jersey  Institute,  at  Bridgeton,  N.  J.  He 
began  his  medical  studies  in  Philadelphia  and 
entered  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  in 
1871,  from  which  institution  he  was  gradu- 
ated in  1875.  Dr.  Gardiner  first  settled  in 
Ulster  County,  N.  Y.,  remaining  there  for 
five  years,  when  he  removed  to  Pottstown. 
In  December,  1883,  he  came  to  Gloucester 
City,  where  he  is  now  engaged  in  practice. 

George  S.  F.  Ppeifper,  a  native  of 
Worms,  Germany,  was  born  September  9, 
1806.  He  studied  medicine  under  Baron 
Von  Liebig  and  Von  Eitger,  in  Strasburg 
and  Giessen,  after  which  he  entered  the  Hol- 
land navy  as  assistant  surgeon.  He  was 
captured  oif  the  coast  of  Algiers  and  retained 
a  prisoner,  and  he  was  in  charge  of  the 
grounds  and  gardens  of  the  Sultan  of  Tur- 
key, and  there  introduced  many  new  plants. 
He  was  liberated  by  the  French  about  1830, 


and  returned  to  Germany.  His  long  absence 
prevented  his  return  to  the  practice  of  his 
profession  without  a  thorough  study  and  ex- 
amination, according  to  German,  and  he  came 
to  America  in  1833,  where  he  formed  the 
acquaintance  with  Dr.  C.  F.  Herring  and 
others  of  the  Hahnemann  school  of  practice. 
In  1834  he  began  homoeopathic  practice,  first 
in  Baltimore,  later  in  Adams  County,  Pa., 
Germantown  and  Philadelphia.  In  1854  he 
moved  to  Camden,  where  he  remained  until 
1862,  during  a  part  of  which  time  he  was  a 
professor  in  the  Penn  Medical  College.  He 
then  entered  the  regular  army  and  remained 
in  its  service  until  1868,  and  returned  to 
Camden,  resumed  practice  and  continued  un- 
til his  death,  November  29,  1883. 

Frederick  P.  Pfbiffer,  son  of  Dr. 
George  S.  F.  Pfeiffer,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia June  25,  1841.  He  studied  medicine 
with  his  father,  and  in  1861  entered  the  Penn 
Medical  University,  from  which  he  was  grad- 
uated in  March,  1863.  While  engaged  in 
his  studies  he  entered  the  United  States 
army  as  a  medical  cadet,  and  was  stationed 
in  a  hospital  in  West  Philadelphia.  After 
his  graduation  he  was  appointed  assistant 
medical  director  under  Frederick  G.  Snell- 
ing.  In  1864  he  was  transferred  to  the 
hospital,  and  later  to  Louisiana,  and  on  May 
31,  1865,  left  the  service  and  came  to  Cam- 
den and  began  the  practice  in  which  he  is 
now  engaged.  On  the  12th  of  April,  1870, 
he  became  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  State 
Homoeopathic  Medical  Society. 

George  E.  Fortiner,  a  native  of  Cam- 
den, was  born  November  14,  1842;  studied 
medicine  with  Dr.  A.  C.  Haines,  of  Colum- 
bus, N.  J.,  and  in  the  fall  of  1876  entered 
Penn  Medical  University,  at  Philadelphia, 
from  which  he  was  graduated  in  March,  1879. 
Mrs.  Ida  Fortiner,  his  wife,  was  born  De- 
cember 28,  1848,  at  Columbus,  and  studied 
medicine  with  her  father,  entered  college  with 
her  husband  and  graduated  at  the  same  time. 
They  settled,  after  graduating,  at  Camden, 


306 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


where  they  yet  reside  and  practice.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Eclectic  State  Society  of  New 
Jersey.  They  practice  largely  iu  accordance 
with  the  principle  of  homoeopathy. 

West  Jersey  Homceopathic  Medical 
Society. — Pursuant  to  a  call  issued  by  Wal- 
lace McGeorge,  M.D.,  of  Hightstown ;  Hen- 
ry F.  Hunt,  M.D.,  of  Camden ;  N.  Kirk- 
patrick,  M.D.,  of  Burlington  ;  R.  M.  Wilk- 
inson, M.D.,  of  Trenton ;  and  W.  Ward, 
M.D.,  of  Mount  Holly,  the  homoeopathic  phy- 
sicians of  South  and  West  Jersey  met  in 
Camden,  on  May  19, 1869,  and  organized  the 
Western  District  Homoeopathic  Medical  So- 
ciety of  New  Jersey.  The  following  officers 
were  elected,  and  bureaus  appointed  :  Presi- 
dent, D.  R.  Gardiner,  M.D.,  Woodbury; 
Vice-President,  E.  M.  Wilkinson,  M.D., 
Trenton;  Secretary ,Wallace  McGeorge,  M.D., 
Hightstown  ;  and  Treasurer,  J.  G.  Streets, 
M.D.,  Bridgeton  ;  Censors,  Drs.  Hunt,  Ma- 
lin  and  Cooper  ;  Bureau  of  Obstetrics,  Drs. 
Wilkinson,  Malin  and  Bancroft ;  Surgery, 
Drs.  Middleton,  Cooper  and  Austin ;  Prac- 
tice, Drs.  Hunt,  Brown  and  Streets  ;  Materia 
Medica,  Drs.  Kilpatrick,  Allen  and  Phillips. 
The  society  meets  quarterly  in  Camden,  and 
during  the  second  year  changed  its  name  to 
West  Jersey  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society, 
under  which  name  it  still  works.  The  West 
Jersey  Society  has  been  a  useful  adjunct  to 
the  State  Society,  and  has  held  its  meetings 
regularly  in  Camden  since  its  organization. 
Drs.  D.  R.  Gardiner,  R.  M.  Wilkinson,  H. 
F.  Hunt,  D.  E.  Gardiner,  E.  R.  Tuller,  N. 
Kirkpatrick,  M.  B.  Tuller  and  Isaac  Cooper 
have  been  president  at  different  times,  and 
not  a  meeting  has  elapsed  in  all  this  time  in 
which  one  or  more  papers  have  not  been  pre- 
sented and  read  before  the  society. 

Dr.  McGeorge  served  as  secretary  in  1869. 
He  was  followed  in  1870  by  Dr.  Isaac 
Cooper,  of  Trenton.  Dr.  McGeorge  was 
re-elected  in  1871  and  served  until  1876, 
when  M.  B.  Fuller,  of  Vineland,  was  elect- 
ed.    Dr.  McGeorge  was-  re-elected  in    1877 


and  served  continuously  until  1880,  when 
Dr.  H.  S.  Quint,  of  Camden,  was  chosen. 
In  1881  R.  H.  Peacock  was  made  secretary, 
serving  until  May,  1884,  when  he  was  fol- 
lowed by  E.  M.  Howard,  of  Camden,  who 
has  held  the  position  till  the  present  time. 

The  secretary's  report  for  1886  gave  the 
membership  of  the  society  as  forty-two.  Three 
new  members  have  since  been  added,  making 
the  present  membership  forty-five.  Average 
attendance  at  each  meeting,  fourteen  and 
three-quarters  (1886-86).  The  tangible  re- 
sult of  the  work  of  the  society  is  the  yearly 
production  of  from  ten  to  fifteen  scientific 
papers,  most  of  which  are  eagerly  sought  for 
publication  in  the  medical  journals.  The 
society  has  always  taken  the  keenest  interest 
in  all  questions  of  public  hygiene  and  sani- 
tation, and  has  taken  pains  to  have  import- 
ant papers  upon  such  subjects  printed  in 
suitable  form,  generally  in  local  papers,  and 
paid  for  their  wide  distribution  among  the 
classes  most  needing  education  on  such  sub- 
jects, in  the  city  and  county. 

The  physicians  of  Camden  were  the  most 
active  in  organizing  the  New  Jersey  State 
Homceopathic  Society  and  in  securing  a  lib- 
eral charter,  granting  to  homoeopathic  physi- 
cians all  rights  and  privileges  of  other  schools 
of  medicine.  This  has  proven  to  be  of  im- 
mense value  to  physicians  of  all  parts  of  the 
State,  securing  them  proper  recognition  be- 
fore the  laws  of  the  State.  Dr.  H.  F.  Hunt, 
of  Camden,  was  elected  president  in  1876. 
The  physicians  of  Camden  have  always  been 
ready  to  contribute  valuable  papers  on  medi- 
cal subjects  at  the  meetings  of  the  society, 
and  they  are  justly  esteemed  and  appreciated 
for  their  energy  iu  advancing  the  interests  of 
homoeopathy.  Dr.  E.  M.  Howard,  of  Cam- 
den, was  elected  president  of  the  society  in 
1885. 

Following  are  the  officers  of  the  society 
for  1886-87  : 

President,  Isaac  Cooper,  M.D.,  of  Trenton. 
Vice-President,  Eli  Tullis,  M.D.,  of  Camden. 


A  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE  AND  MEDICAL  MEN. 


307 


Treasurer,  Anna  E.  Griffith,  M.D.,  of  Cam- 
den. Secretary,  E.  M.  Howard,  M.D.,  of 
Camden.  Board  of  Censors :  J.  G.  Streets, 
M.D.,  of  Bridgeton  ;  P.  W.  Andrews,  M.D., 
of  Camden;  F.  E.  Williams,  M.D.,  of 
Haddonfield.  Executive  Committee:  W.  Mc- 
George,  M.D.,  of  Woodbury ;  J.  G.  Streets, 
M.D.,  of  Bridgeton ;  E.  M.  Howard,  M.D., 
of  Camden. 

Camden  Homceopathic  Hospital  and 
Dispensary. — The  great  need  of  a  hospital 
in  the  city  led  the  homoeopathic  physicians 
and  the  adherents  of  that  school  of  practice 
to  unite  in  organizing  for  that  purpose. 
Several  preliminary  meetings  were  held,  and 
on  January  30,  1885,  at  a  meeting  held  in 
Association  Hall,  an  organization  was  per- 
fected by  the  adoption  of  a  constitution  and 
the  election  of  officers,  as  follows :  Presi- 
dent, E.  A.  Armstrong;  First  Vice-Presi- 
dent, James  M.  Stradling;  Second  Vice- 
President,  B.  F.  Sutton;  Secretary,  S.  H. 
Quint ;  Treasurer,  Charles  Watson. 

Application  was  made  for  a  charter,  which 
was  granted  and  approved  by  the  Governor 
February    5;    1885.     The    building  on   the 
northeast  corner  of  Fourth  and  Arch  was 
rented  and  fitted  for  hospital  purposes,  with 
two  wards  (male  and  female),  with  two  beds 
each,  and  the  hospital  and   dispensary  was 
opened  for  use  on  the  2d  of  March,  1885. 
The  dispensary  is  open  twice  a  day  (except 
Sundays),  and  is  attended  by  the  homoeopathic 
physicians  of  Camden.     The   report   of  the 
hospital  and  dispensary  from  March  2, 1885, 
to  December  31st,  of  the  same  year,  shows 
that  in  the    dispensary  one    thousand  three 
hundred    and   twenty-one    new   cases   were 
treated,  sixteen  hundred  and  seventy-seven 
persons    renewed  prescriptions,   and  in  the 
■hospital  one  hundred  and  four  surgical  and 
ten  medical  patients  have  been  received  and 
cared  for,  and  forty  surgical  operations  have 
been  performed.     The  institution  is  depend- 
ent   entirely    upon   voluntary   subscription 
for  support.     It  is  under  the  care  of  thirty 


directors,  and  a  board  of  thirty  lady  man- 
agers, of  whom  Mrs.  Northrup  is  president. 

This  institution,  being  the  only  place  at  pre- 
sent open,  in  Camden  for  the  care  of  the  sick 
and  injured,  has  been  crowded  from  its  start. 
Its  management  has  been  obliged  to  refuse  so 
many  applications  for  aid,  that  for  the  past 
year  they  have  been  seriously  considering  the 
question  of  the  erection  of  a  large  and  suit- 
able building. 

The  following  is  the  medical  staff  of  the 
hospital  for  the  year  1886  :  Surgeons,  E.  M. 
Howard,  M.D.,  M.  F.  Middleton,  M.D., 
S.  H.  Quint,  M.D.,  J.  D.  Leckner,  M.D., 
G.  D.  Woodward,  M.D.,  each  serving  one 
month  at  a  time  in  rotation ;  Consulting  Sur- 
geon, W.  H.  Van  Lennep,  M.D. ;  Physicians, 
J.  K.  Bryant,  Anna  E.  Griffith,  P.  W.  An- 
drews, Eli  Tullis,  J.  R.  Blackwood,  serving 
also  in  rotation  one  month  each ;  Matron, 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Wheaton. 

The  dispensary  work  is  done  by  different 
physicians  voluntarily  agreeing  to  fill  cer- 
tain hours  for  a  month  at  a  time. 

DENTISTRY. 

Probably  no  other  profession  has  made  such 
rapid  progress  during  the  last  half-century 
as  dentistry.  Prior  to  that  period  the  study 
and  care  of  the  teeth  were  limited  to  those 
who  made  the  study  of  anatomy  and  physi- 
ology a  specialty,  and  to  the  members  of  the 
medical  profession,  very  much  as  blood-let- 
ting and  tooth-drawing,  were  once  included 
among  the  duties  of  the  barber.  Many  per- 
sons are-  still  living  who  can  distinctly  re- 
member when  the  scalpel  and  forceps  were 
as  necessary  instruments  in  a  barber-shop  as 
a  pair  of  shears  or  a  razor. 

The  first  dental  college  in  the  world  was 
established  at  Baltimore  in  the  year  1839. 
Since  that  time  dentistry  has  been  studied  as 
a  science  and  practiced  as  an  art,  and  has  de- 
veloped until  it  now  ranks  among  the  most 
useful  of  the  professions.  It  includes  within 
its  ranks  representative   men   of  education. 


308 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


culture  and  high  social  staudiug.  The  de- 
velopment of  the  science  has  been  rapid,  and 
a  profession  that  is  the  offspring  of  the 
nineteenth  century  has  not  proven  tenacious 
of  old  ideas,  nor  unfitted  itself  for  growth 
and  improvement  by  a  blind  devotion  to  the 
errors  of  the  past. 

The  most  rapid  improvement  has  been 
made  in  operative  dentistry,  of  which  there 
has  been  almost  an  entire  revolution.  The 
highest  point  at  first  attainable  was  to  fill 
such  teeth  as  were  slightly  decayed,  whereasj 
by  the  aid  of  the  various  improved  dental 
instruments,  together  with  the  medicinal 
treatment  of  the  teeth,  the  profession  is  not 
only  enabled  to  preserve  teeth  slightly  de- 
cayed, but  to  restore  and  protect  them  for 
many  years.  The  early  practice  advocated 
smooth-pointed  -instruments  for  filling,  and 
non-cohesive  gold,  whereas  serrated  instru- 
ments and  cohesive  gold  are  now  recognized 
as  most  expedient. 

Artificial  teeth  were  in  use  as  early  as 
Washingtou's  time,  and  he  himself  is  alleged 
to  have  worn  them  ;  but  at  that  early  day 
they  were  either  carved  out  of  solid  pieces  of 
ivory,  which  involved  great  labor  and  ex- 
pense, or  were  human  teeth  attached  to  gold 
plates.  Aaron  Burr  is  said  to  have  worn 
teeth  of  the  kind  last  mentioned.  The  later 
improvements  made  in  this  direction,  and 
their  introduction  into  general  use,  have 
added  largely  to  both  the  attractions  and 
difficulties  of  the  profession,  and  drawn  to  it 
many  possessed  of  superior  mechanical  skill. 
Formerly  the  plates  in  which  the  .teeth  are 
set  were  made  only  of  gold  and  silver  or 
carved  out  of  ivory,  which  necessarily  made 
them  both  heavy  and  costly,  whereas  no\y, 
plates  are  made  not  only  of  gold  and  silver, 
but  also  of  platinum,  rubber  and  celluloid. 
Rubber  plates  were  not  introduced  until 
about  1854,  and  celluloid  much  more  recently. 
The  filling  of  artificial  teeth  is  also  a  leading 
branch  of  the  art,  requiring  both  .^kill,  judg- 
ment and  delicacy,  when  properly  done. 


The  dentists  of  the  city  and  county  of 
Camden  sire  representative  men  of  their  pro- 
fession, and  those  who  have  a  reputation,  even 
beyond  the  limits  of  the  county,  are  the  fol- 
lowing : 

John  B.  Wood.!  Wm.  W.  Morgan. 

Henry  F,  Chew.  A.  E.  Street. 

Howard  A.  Miner.  Alexander  H.  Titua. 

William  Blanc.  Charles  P.  Tuttle. 

Alphonso  Irwin.  Stephen  G.  Wallace. 

James  Jennett.  Barzillai  R.  West. 


CHAPTER   XV. 

EDUCATION. 
BY  P.   K.   BRACE,  COUNTY   StJPERINTENDBNT. 

Early  Schools  and  Teachers. — The 
history  of  education  in  Camden  County  com- 
mences with  its  first  permanent  settlement, 
made  by  a  company  of  Irish  Friends  in  the 
year  1682.  Among  these  settlers  was  Thomas 
Sharp,  a  young  man  who  was  a  surveyor  and 
conveyancer.  The  tract  was  surveyed  and 
several  acres  were  set  apart  for  a  meetings 
house  and  school-house,  which  was  soon  af- 
terwards built,  thus  securing  the  permanency 
and  good  character  of  the  community. 
Thomas  Sharp  was  chosen  the  first  teacher 
in  this  new  settlement.  He  was  a  man  of 
good  education,  well  versed  in  arithmetic, 
surveying,  astronomy  and  literature.  He 
calculated  the  phases  of  the  moon  and  the 
tides  for  the  little  community  and  made  an 
almanac.  Besides  this,  he  was  something  of 
a  poet  and,  in  1719,  wrote  a  description  of 
the  settlement  and  its  progress  in  verse. 
The  original  copy  in  his  handwriting  is  in 
the  possession  of  Judge  Clement,  of  Haddon- 
field,  to  whom  the  writer  is  greatly  indebted 
for  much  valuable  information  herein  given. 
Thomas  Sharp,  the  first  teacher  in  what  is 
now  Camden  County,  was  a  man  of  culture 
and  influence,  and  as  such,  helped  to  form  a 
character  for  diligence,  love  of  knowledge 
and  lofty  attainments  on  the  part  of  his  pu- 


EDUCATION. 


309 


pils.  He  was  the  first  clerk  of  Old  Newton 
township  and  was  a  member  of  the  Legisla- 
ture in  1685,  and  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
courts  in  1700.  He  was  clerk  of  the 
Yearly  Meeting  of  Friends  at  the  time  of 
the  dispute  between  George  Keith  and  the 
Friends  in  New  Jersey,  about  1691,  and  in 
1686  he  laid  out  the  city  of  Gloucester.  He 
died  in  1729. 

The  school-house  was  built  near  the  Old 
Newton  Meeting-house,  opposite  the  present 
Champion  School-house,  in  District  No.  10. 
It  was  constructed  of  logs,  was  quite  small 
and  low  and  had  a  clay  floor.  Most  likely 
it  had  only  one  window,  containing  four 
lights,  bull's-eye  glass.  Here  was  the  begin- 
ning of  the  educational  work  in  Camden 
County.  Although  the  house  and  appli- 
ances were  rough  and  very  humble,  the  work 
done  was  good.  The  truth  was  taught  then 
that  it  is  not  beautiful  and  costly  buildings, 
supplied  with  the  very  best  appliances,  that 
produce  the  best  results,  but  the  living,  earn- 
est man  that  presides  there. 

We  cannot  but  admire  the  spirit  of  these 
early  settlers,  who,  in  the  very  beginning  of 
their  settlement,  while  they  were  engaged  in 
the  hard  work  of  subduing  the  forest  and 
breaking  up  the  virgin  soil,  gave  earnest  atten- 
tion to  necessary  provision  both  for  religion 
and  education. 

In  1715  the  second  school  was  commenced 
near  Haddonfield,  in  the  home  of  Jonathan 
Bolton  and  Hannah,  his  wife.  In  this  year 
Robert  Montgomery  and  Sarah,  his  wife,  a 
daughter  of  Henry  Stacy,  removed  from 
Monmouth  County  to  a  tract  of  land  about 
one  mile  west  of  Haddonfield,  owned  by 
Sarah's  father,  and  settled  thereon. 

In  the  same  year  they  conveyed  to  Jona- 
than Bolton  and  Hannah,  his  wife,  forty 
acres  of  land  during  their  lives  and  the  life 
of  the  survivor,  in  consideration  of  their  pay- 
ing one  ear  of  Indian  corn  annually,  and 
that  the  said  Hannah  would  teach,  or  cause 
to  be  taught,  the  children  of  the  said  Robert 
36 


and  Sarah,  or  any  other  child  that  may  hap- 
pen in  their  family,  to  read  English  and  do 
seamstry  work.  These  forty  acres  were  on 
or  near  the  farm  now  owned  by  William  H. 
Nicholson,  and  here  was  the  second  institu- 
tion of  learning  in  Camden  County. 

About  1720  the  Friends  built  a  meeting- 
honse  at  Haddonfield,  and  established  a 
school  there  which  has  been  maintained  with 
varied  success  ever  since.  In  1750  a  school- 
house,  sixteen  feet  square,  was  built  of  cedar 
logs  at  Ellisburg.  The  building,  slightly 
altered,  is  still  standing.  In  1776  it  was 
weather-boarded  up  and  down  and  plastered 
inside.  Nothing  is  known  of  the  first  teach- 
ers of  this  place. 

About  1750,  or  earlier,  a  school  was  es- 
tablished in  Blackwood.  A  large  settlement 
of  Scotch-Irish  Presbyterians  had  been  made 
in  the  vicinity,  and  a  fulling-mill  erected 
about  1720.  A  tombstone  in  the  old  grave- 
yard near  the  town  has  a  record  of  the  death 
of  David  Wainwright,  February  11,  1720. 
The  first  school-house  was  standing  in  1800, 
near  the  Presbyterian  Church,  which  was 
built  in  1751.  The  custom  of  Presbyterians, 
as  well  as  Friends,  was  to  put  up  houses  of 
worship  and  school-houses  as  soon  as  they 
settled  in  any  locality,  and  this  accounts  for 
the  prosperity  and  permanency  of  the  settle- 
ments founded  by  them. 

The  early  teachers  of  whom  informa- 
tion can  be  obtained  were  Joseph  Thack- 
ara,  John  C.  Thackara,  Thomas  Thackara 
and  Isaac  Hinchman.  The  Thackaras  were 
the  descendants  of  that  Thomas  Thackara 
who  belonged  to  the  original  cooipany  that 
settled  on  the  banks  of  Newton  Creek.  Thus 
the  Presbyterians  seemed  to  have  gone  to  the 
Friends  for  instructors.  John  Dunlevy 
taught  here  in  the  beginning  of  this  century. 
He  was  the  first  teacher  in  several  other  dis- 
tricts, and  was  said  to  have  been  a  man  of 
good  education.  The  school  in  winter-time 
was  only  for  large  scholars,  and  in  summer- 
time for  small  ones. 


310 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


In  1762  (April  15th)  Eev.  John  Brainerd, 
of  missionary  fame,  one  of  the  trustees  of 
Princeton  College,  who  lived  at  Brotherton, 
an  Indian  village  in  Burlington  County, 
rode  seventeen  miles  from  his  home  to  a 
small  village,  then  called  Long-a-Coming,  now 
Berlin,  and  took  up  a  subscription  to  build  a 
meeting-house  for  the  Presbyterian  congre- 
gation, which  was  erected  in  the  fall  of  the 
year.  This  was  near  the  head  of  the  Great 
Egg  Harbor  River,  on  the  ground  where 
what  was  called  the  Thorn  School-house  (now 
a  chapel  for  the  Berlin  Cemetery)  stood. ' 
Near  this  meeting-house  a  school-house  was 
built,  but  it  was  removed  about  1800,  as  up 
to  1833  the  old  church  building  was  used  for 
church  and  school.  The  deed  of  the  lot, 
containing  four  acres,  on  which  the  church 
had  already  been  built,  was  given  by  Samuel 
Scull  and  Ruth,  his  wife,  September  18, 1766, 
to  Michael  Fisher,  David  Roe,  Peter  Chees- 
man,  Northrop  Marple  and  Henry  Thorn. 

In  1771  the  people  near  New  Freedom 
established  a  school  in  a  log  building  twenty 
by  sixteen  feet,  and  Thomas  Shinn  was  the 
first  teacher. 

Gloucester  City  must  have  had  a  school- 
house  before  the  year  1700,  inasmuch  as  it 
was  the  county-seat  of  Gloucester  County 
from  1689  to  1787,  but  we  have  no  account 
of  it,  unless  an  old  school-house  of  cedar 
logs,  sixteen  feet  square,  located  below  Mar- 
ket Street,  near  the  present  line  of  the  West 
Jersey  Railroad,  was  the  first  one.  The  first 
teacher  known  was  a  man  called  Master 
Johnson,  a  graduate  of  one  of  the  English 
universities.  So  well  were  the  people  pleiased 
with  him  that  they  gave  him  a  year's  board 
gratis  to  induce  him  to  remain.  Another  of 
the  early  teachers  in  Gloucester  was  Richard 
Snowdon,  an  Englishman,  born  at  Poule- 
fract,  Yorkshire,  April  15,  1753,  who  came 
to  America  with  his  parents  and  settled  in 
Burlington,  in  this  State.  He  was  first  a 
tutor  in  the  family  of  John  Hoskins,  at  Bur- 
lington, and  then  a  tutor  in  the  family  of 


Joseph  Roberts,  near  Haddonfield.  About 
1780  he  took  charge  of  the  Friends'  school 
at  Haddonfield,  and  taught  there  until  about 
1792,  when  he  established  a  school  at 
Gloucester.  How  long  he  remained  at 
Gloucester  is  not  known.  While  there  he 
wrote  a  "History  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion "  in  the  style  of  the  holy  Scriptures.  In 
1795  he  published  "The  Columbiad,"  a 
poem,  upon  the  same  subject.  In  1805  he 
wrote  a  "  History  of  America,"  from  its  dis- 
covery to  the  death  of  General  Washington. 
He  died  in  Philadelphia  March  31,  1825. 

In  1782  an  acre  of  land,  as  a  site  for  a 
school-house,  was  sold  by  John  Estaugh 
Hopkins,  of  Haddonfield,  to  John  Gill, 
Jacob  Clement,  Edward  Gibbs,  Joseph  Lip- 
pincott,  John  Clement  and  Thomas  Redman, 
of  the  Society  of  Friends. 

At  a  session  of  a  meeting  of  Friends,  held 
at  Salem,  with  which  Haddonfield  Meet- 
ing was  coimected,  in  the  year  1790,  the 
17t{i  day  of  the  Fifth  Month,  a  committee, 
appointed  at  a  previous  meeting,  reported 
that  it  would  be  well  to  raise  funds  in  the 
respective'  Monthly  Meetings,  to  be  put  out  at 
interest,  and  the  interest  to  be  applied,  under 
the  care  of  judicious  trustees,  for  the  school- 
ing of  poor  children  of  white  and  of  colored 
parents. 

Quite  a  large  amount  was  given  by  the 
liberal  Friends  of  Haddonfield  and  vicinity 
for  this  object, — six  hundred  and  thirty-five 
pounds,  six  shillings,  equal  to  two  thousand 
five  hundred  and  forty-one  dollars.  Among 
the  donors  are  the  names  of  men  whose  de- 
scendants occupy  prominent  and  honorable 
positions  in  Camden  County  to-day — Gill, 
Burrough,  Glover,  Stokes,  Hopkins,  Clem- 
ent, Tomlinson,  Thorn,  Githens,  Lippincott, 
Albertson,  Hillman,  Nicholson,  Jennings, 
Redman,  Mickle,  Kaighn  and  Thompson. 
The  school  thus  sustained,  to  whose  begin- 
ning reference  has  been  already  made,  has 
continued  to  be  an  active  force  in  educa- 
tional work  in  Haddonfield. 


EDUCATION. 


311 


The  people  of  Union  District,  No.  3,  be- 
gan their  educational  work  in  1795.  A  lot 
was  sold  by  Thomas  Burrough  to  Thomas 
Burrough,  Isaac  Fish  and  Isaac  Morgan,  in 
trust  for  school  purposes,  on  which  a  stone 
school-house,  twenty-eight  feet  long  by  twen- 
ty-four feet  wide,  was  built.  It  was  one 
story  high  and  was  used  as  a  school-house 
until  replaced  by  a  new  one,  in  1871.  The 
money  to  build  the  hoiLse  was  raised  by  sub 
scription  and  amounted  to  £238  8s.  4Jd.  One 
of  the  items  of  expense  was  one  and  one-half 
gallons  of  rum.  On  account  of  the  depreci- 
ation of  the  colonial  notes,  the  shilling  was 
worth  thirteen  and  one-third  cents  in  New 
Jersey,  and  the  pound  two  and  two-thirds 
dollars.  The  first  teacher  in  this  school  was 
John  Dunlevy,  a  native  of  Ireland  and  a 
man  of  culture,  who  continued  in  the  profes- 
sion until  about  1830.  His  successor  was 
John  Ward,  an  American,  also  a  ripe  scholar. 
He  published  "The  Farmers'  Almanac," 
which  was  much  sought  after.  The  floor  of 
the  old  school-house  was  terraced,  there  be- 
ing three  terraces,  the  first,  about  twelve  feet 
from  the  door,  being  raised  nine  inches,  and 
each  succeeding  one  raised  about  the  same 
height.  At  the  back  of  the  room,  where  the 
larger  scholars  stood,  their  heads  were  very 
close  to  the  ceiling.  This  description  will 
also  serve  for  the  old  Greenville  school-house, 
on  the  Marlton  turnpike,  about  two  and  a 
half  miles  from  Camden. 

Prior  to  1800  a  school  was  kept  at  Chews 
Landing,  in  a  log  dwelling-house  in  a  field 
opposite  the  tavern,  where  John  Connor 
taught  for  many  years.  He  was  well  edu- 
cated, a  first-class  teacher  and  was  considered 
one  of  the  best  penmen  in  his  day.  He  was 
also  a  surveyor,  but  he  indulged  in  strong 
drink  and  finally  became  worthless.  He 
was  the  first  teacher  in  a  frame  school-house 
built  by  Friends,  in  Chews  Landing,  near 
•what  is  called  "  the  Floodgates,"  on  the 
north  branch  of  Timber  Creek,  in  1804.  The 
size  of  the  house  was  thirty-six  by  twenty- 


four  feet.  It  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1818. 
About  1800  the  Friends  put  up  a  frame 
building  near  a  settlement  called  New  Hope- 
well, on  the  old  Egg  Harbor  road,  about 
two  miles  south  of  New  Freedom,  accommo- 
dating the  children  in  the  districts  now 
called  Tansboro'  and  Pump  Branch.  Its 
size  was  thirty-six  by  eighteen  feet.  The 
first  teacher  was  John  Shinn,  a  preacher  in 
the  Society  of  Friends. 

The  history  of  education  down  to  the  present 
century  has  thus  far  been  traced.  The  work 
done  by  the  first  settlers  is  worthy  of  the  highest 
praise.  While  they  were  clearing  off  the  land 
and  getting  it  ready  for  cultivation,  even  before 
it  was  in  a  condition  to  support  them,  they 
built  houses  of  worship  and  school-houses, 
knowing  that  it  was  only  by  the  maintenance 
of  religion  and  education  that  true  prosperity 
and  real  permanence  could  be  given  to  the 
community.  The  best  educated  men  were 
selected  to  teach,  and  the  land  on  which  the 
school-houses  were  built  was  given  for  a 
nominal  consideration.  Early  settlers  per- 
ceived that  their  property  would  be  greatly 
increased  in  value  on  account  of  the  prox- 
imity of  a  school. 

The  credit  of  commencing  and  continuing 
the  schools  is  due  mainly  to  the  Friends. 
What  education  is  able  to  accomplish  may  be 
'  learned  from  them.  It  has  made  them  a 
class  of  influential  and  worthy  citizens.  No 
class  of  people  has  been  or  is  better  educated 
than  the  Friends,  and  no  class  is  moi"e 
earnest  and  industrious,  hard-working  citi- 
zens. It  can  be  said  that  they  have  no  poor, 
at  least  no  paupers.  The  same  can  be  said 
of  every  well  educated  community  in  this 
country  and  in  Europe. 

Wherever  members  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  settled,  there  also  the  church  and  the 
school-house  were  erected,  and  very  gener- 
•  ally  the  minister  acted  as  school-teacher,  be- 
sides attending  to  his  ministerial  duties. 

The  schools  mentioned,  except  that  of  the 
Friends  at  Haddonfield,  were  pay  schools. 


312 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


The  population  of  the  territory  now  em- 
braced in  Camden  County  in  1800  was 
about  four  thousand,  and  the  proportion  of 
schools  to  the  population  was  one  to  every 
four  hundred  inhabitants.  If  the  number  of 
children  was  one-fourth  the  population,  then 
there  was  a  school  for  every  one  hundred 
children  of  school  a^e,  about  the  same  pro- 
portion as  at  the  present  time. 

In  1803,  in  Greenville  District,  No.  6, 
Joseph  Morgan,  for  five  shillings,  sold  one- 
half  acre  to  Joseph  Champion,  Esq.,  Isaac 
Thorn,  Elizabeth  Kay,  Benjamin  Morgan, 
Joseph  Burrough,  Jr.,  Marmaduke  Shivers, 
Nathaniel  Barton,  John  Rudderow,  Thomas 
Curtis,  Jacob  Evaul,  Frederic  Plum  and 
Benjamin  Archer.  On  this  land  a  school- 
house  was  built,  twenty-seven  feet  by  twenty 
feet,  with  the  ceiling  twelve  feet  high.  It 
was  used  seventy-two  years.  In  1810  a 
school-house  was  built  in  Horner  District, 
No.  9,  near  the  road  leading  from  Haddon- 
field  to  Glendale,  on  land  owned  by  Jacob 
Horner.  The  frame  was  oak  and  weather- 
boards cedar.  It  was  twenty-two  by  eighteen 
feet,  with  a  ceiling  eight  feet  high,  and  the 
sides  were  lined  with  bricks.  It  had  six 
windows,  each  containing  twelve  panes  of 
glass,  eight  by  ten  inches.  The  first  teacher 
was  John  C.  Thackara ;  the  next,  John  Dun- 
levy  ;  John  Stafford,  a  native  of  England, 
also  taught  here.  He  was  one  of  Washing- 
ton's body-guard  during  the  Revolution, 
and  at  the  battle  of  Germantown  was  thrown 
from  his  horse  and  seriously  injured.  He 
recovered  from  his  injury  and  lived  to  be  a 
very  old  man.  In  1872  the  house  was  re- 
built on  a  lot  purchased  of  Montgomery 
Stafford. 

In  1809  the  first  public  school-house  was 
built  in  Haddonfield.  William  Estaugh 
Hopkins  gave  twenty-seven  hundredths  of 
an  acre  to  John  Clement,  Bowman  Hendry, 
John  Roberts,  Turner  Risdon,  Joseph  C. 
Elfreth  and  John  Thompson,  trustees  of 
Haddonfield  Grove   School  for  the  purpose 


of  building  a  school-house,  which  was  also 
used  as  a  place  of  religious  worship.  In  this 
building  the  Baptist,  the  Methodist  Episco- 
pal, the  Protestant  Episcopal  and  the  Pres- 
byterian churches  of  the  town  originated. 
It  has  been  in  constant  use  since  it  was  built. 
Since  the  erection  of  the  beautiful  and  com- 
modious school-house,  situated  on  Chestnut 
Street,  the  old  house  has  been  used  by  the 
school  for  colored  children. 

Prior  to  1811  a  frame  school-house  was 
built  in  Clementon  District,  of  which  no 
records  could  be  found.  It  stood  on  what  is 
called  the  Stafford  road,  and  was  torn  down 
in  1811.  Another  one  was  built  on  the  road 
leading  from  White  Horse  (now  Kirkwood) 
to  Clementon  the  same  year.  Its  size  was 
thirty  feet  long  and  twenty-two  wide,  the 
ceiling  thirteen  feet  high.  It  still  does  ser- 
vice in  the  cause  of  education.  The  ground 
ou  which  it  stands,  consisting  of  one  acre 
and  one  rod,  was  given  by  Thomas  Bran- 
son to  William  Rudderow,  Joseph  Crawford, 
Samuel  Chambers,  Ephraim  Hillman,  Joseph 
Dill,  Benjamin  Tomlinson,  John  Thorn  and 
William  Branson  as  trustees  for  the  nominal 
sum  of  one  dollar.  The  first  teachers  in  this 
school-house  were  John  Stafford  and  William 
Thorn.  The  inhabitants  in  the  vicinity  of 
Rosendale,  living  along  the  Burlington 
turnpike,  two  miles  from  Camden,  about 
1816,  built  a  log  house  twenty-four  by 
twenty-two  feet,  with  the  ceiling  seven  feet 
high.  It  stood  in  the  grove  opposite  the 
present  school-house  and  was  called  the  Bald- 
win School.  The  teachers  were  a  woman  and 
her  daughter  from  Philadelphia,  who  made 
the  school-house  their  home.  In  this  house 
Abel  Curtis  and  Edward  Ewbanks  taught. 
In  1827  the  building  fell  down  and  there 
was  no  school  in  the  district  until  1838  ;  the 
children  in  the  mean  time  went  to  Greenville 
School.  In  1820  a  little  square  school-house 
was  built  in  Pump  Branch  District,  No.  37, 
near  Blue  Anchor,  which  was  used  until  1874, 
when  another  and  a  very  superior  house  was 


EDUCATION. 


313 


built  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  from  the 
old  site.     In  1825  the  first  school-house  was 
built  at  Mount  Ephraim.     It  was  a   frame 
building  about  twenty  feet  square.     Mickle 
Clement  was  the  first  teacher.  School  was  held 
in  it  until  1859,  when  the  present  building  was 
put  up.     The  people  of  Rowandtown  bought 
half  an  acre  for  one  dollar  from  Jacob  Cle- 
ment, in  1828,  on  the  Haddonfield  and  Cam- 
den road,  about  two  miles  from  Haddonfield. 
It  was  a  frame  building,  the  sides  lined  with 
brick  and  plastered,  and  ceiled  above.     It 
was  twenty-four  by  twenty  feet,  the  ceiling 
eight  and  a  half  feet  high .     It  was  used  forty- 
four  years,  although  the  number  of  children 
in  the  district  had  increased  during  that  time 
to  one  hundred  and  forty.     For  many  years 
it  was  the  custom  to  have  a  male  teacher  in 
the  winter  and  a  female  in  the  summer.  This 
had  become  a  very  general  practice  about 
that  time,  and   was  continued  until   about 
1870  in  many  of  the  districts,  to  the  very 
great   injury  of  the  schools.     Dayton   Du- 
vall  was   the   first   male   teacher  and   Ann 
Bassett  the  first   female   teacher.     A  brick 
school-house,  octagonal  in  shape,  was  built 
in    "Westville   District,    No.    14,   since    set 
over    to    Gloucester   County    and    another 
house  built.      School   had   been   held   in  a 
log  tenant-house    before   this,    about  three 
months  each  winter.    The  octagonal  building 
stood  until  1873,  when  it  was  demolished, 
and  a  neat  two-story  frame  building  erected 
on  its  site. 

The  first  school  in  Winslow  District  was 
commenced  in  1831  in  a  log  house.  The 
next  year  a  frame  house  was  built  for  the 
joint  use  of  the  Methodist  Church  and  the 
school.  The  same  building,  enlarged,  is  still 
used  as  a  school-house.  Deborah  Hunt  was 
the  first  teacher.  In  1806,  a  school-house 
was  built  at  Ellisburg,  by  subscription,  and 
in  1831  Joseph  Ellis  gave  half  an  acre  "to 
the  inhabitants  of  the  town  of  Waterford  for 
the  establishment  of  a  good  school  for  the  edu- 
cation of  the  children  of  the  inhabitants  of 


Ellisburg  and  vicinity  with  competent  teach- 
ers." The  school  was  to  be  "for  the  im- 
provement of  the  moral  and  literary  character 
of  the  youth  and  the  more  general  diffusion 
of  science."  On  this  lot  a  brick  house  was 
built  and  used  both  as  a  school-house  and 
hall  for  elections  and  town-meetings.  An- 
other story  has  been  added  to  it.  Near  Ellis- 
burg, there  stood  in  former  years  a  house 
known  as  Murrell's  School-house,  but  the 
exact  site  is  not  known. 

The  inhabitants  of  Jackson  District  built 
their  first  school-house  in  1833,  on  the  road 
leading  from  Jackson  to  Hay's  mill,  but  in 
1865  they  moved  it  to  the  village  of  Jackson 
and  rebuilt  it.  In  1838  two  school-houses 
were  built,  one  in  Gibbsboro'  District  and 
the  other  at  Sicklerville.  One  acre  at  Gibbs- 
boro' was  conveyed  by  William  Wharton  to 
Ahab  Fowler,  Joseph  Graisbury  and  Wash- 
ington Schlosser  for  school  purposes.  It  was 
made  a  present  to  the  district  by  Mr.  Whar- 
ton. Eliza  Ann  Dillon  was  the  first  teacher. 
The  people  of  Sicklerville  erected  their  school- 
house  near  where  the  Methodist  Church  now 
stands,  but  afterwards  removed  it  to  near  the 
site  of  the  present  school-house,  built  in  1867. 
Paul  H.  Sickler  was  the  first  teacher. 

In  1840  the  inhabitants  of  Spring  Mills, 
thinking  that  the  Blackwoodtown  school  was 
too  far  from  them,  determined  to  have  one 
for  themselves.  A  frame  house  was  built 
for  that  purpose  by  the  liberality  of  the  pro- 
prietors of  Spring  Mills  Fork  Works,  and 
Amanda  Stevens  was  employed  as  the  first 
teacher.  So  good  was  the  school  that  many 
of  the  children  in  Blackwoodtown  walked  to 
it,  a  distance  of  one  and  a  half  miles.  In 
1844  three  school-houses  were  opened  for 
their  appropriate  work, — one  in  Laurel  Mill 
District,  one  in  Mechanicsville,  No.  20,  and 
one  in  Glendale,  No.  26.  John  P.  Harker 
was  the  first  teacher.  When  the  house  was 
built,  doubtless  by  the  liberality  of  Ephraim 
Tomlinson,  it  was  sold  to  the  district  by  Mr. 
Tomlinson  in  1874,  when  it  was  repaired.  A 


314 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


frame  school-house  was  built  in  Meehanics- 
ville  District,  on  the  Blackwoodtown  turn- 
pike, which  was  used  until  1850,  when  another 
one,  twenty-three  feet  long  by  seventeen  feet 
wide,  was  erected  on  the  road  leading  to  Al- 
monessen.  Rev.  R.  J.  Burt,  a  graduate  of 
Princeton  College,  was  the  first  teacher.  A 
small  frame  building  was  put  up  in  Glendale 
District,  near  Ashland  Station,  and  was  used 
until  1855,  when  the  Methodists  built  a 
church  at  Glendale  village,  and  the  inhabi- 
tants contributed  towards  its  erection,  with 
the  understanding  that  the  basement  should 
be  used  for  school  purposes.  It  has  so  been 
used  since  it  was  built. 

During  the  period  from  1800  to  1846 
there  seems  to  have  been  a  decline  in  the 
character  of  the  schools.  While  some  of  the 
teachers  employed  were  capable  men  and 
women,  most  of  them  were  able  to  give  in- 
struction only  in  the  merest  elements  of  the 
ordinary  branches.  As  a  general  thing,  the 
only  branches  taught  were  spelling,  reading, 
writing  and  arithmetic.  The  text-books 
most  in  use  were  Comly's  Spelling-Book,  the 
Introduction  to  the  English  Reader,  the  Eng- 
lish Reader  and  Sequel,  and  Pike's  or  Rose's 
Arithmetic.  Any  one  who  went  as  far  as 
the  "rule  of  three"  in  arithmetic  was  con- 
sidered a  well-educated  man.  This  continued 
the  standard  in  many  of  the  districts  until 
about  1870. 

The  pupils  in  the  schools  in  those  days 
were  not  classified  except  in  reading  and  in 
spelling,  and  the  classes  in  reading  were  so 
numerous  that  almost  the  whole  forenoon  was 
occupied  in  hearing  them.  The  schools  were 
kept  open  three  months  in  some  places 
and  the  whole  year  in  others,  the  average  time 
being  about  six  months.  All  the  schools 
were  pay-schools,  and  this  feature  necessarily 
prevented  poor  people  from  sending  their 
children.  The  cost  was  about  three  cents 
per  day  for  each  pupil.  The  mode  of  cor- 
rection was  universally  with  the  rod.  "Reg- 
ular fights  would  sometimes  take  place  when 


the  teacher  would  undertake  to  flog  a  boy  as 
large  as  himself.  In  one  instance,  a  young 
girl  about  seventeen  years  old  was  beaten  so 
hard  on  the  hand  that  she  had  to  stay  home 
for  several  weeks  because  she  was  so  crippled 
that  she  could  not  use  her  hand."  The 
school-houses  and  school  furniture  had  re- 
mained unimproved  for  over  one  hundred 
years.  The  houses  were  all  of  the  primitive 
type,  small  parallelograms,  built  about  large 
enough  to  stow  away  forty  or  fifty  children  in, 
without  much  regard  to  health  or  comfort  and 
none  as  to  ventilation.  The  furniture  consisted 
of  desks  ten  or  twelve  feet  long,  and  benches 
the  same  length,  without  any  backs  and  so 
high  that  the  feet  of  the  little  children  could 
not  reach  the  floor.  There  were  no  black- 
boards nor  apparatus  of  any  kind.  While 
private  dwellings  were  improving  in  size, 
shape  and  internal  arrangerrients,  better 
and  more  comfortably  shaped  furniture  was 
placed  within  them;  while  everything  per- 
taining to  agriculture,  manufactures,  me- 
chanics, etc.,  was  being  improved,  school- 
houses,  school  furniture  and  school  apparatus 
were  about  the  same  as  they  were  a  century 
before.  '  ' 

New  School  Law. — An  important  epoch 
in  the  history  of  education  in  New  Jersey 
began  with  the  passage  by  the  Legislature  ot 
the  act  "  that  authorized,  empowered  and  re- 
quired the  inhabitants  of  the  several  town- 
ships, at  their  annual  town-meetings^  to  raise 
by  tax  or  otherwise,  in  addition  to  the  amount 
apportioned  by  the  State  to  their  use,  such 
further  sum  or  sums  of  money  as  they  may 
deem  proper  for  the  support  of  public  schools, 
at  least  equal  to  and  not  more  than  double 
the  amount  of  such  apportionment."-  This 
was  brought  about  by  a  spirit  of  dissatisfactibh 
with  the  then  existing  condition  of  education. 
In  many  parts  of  the  State  an  agitation  was 
going  on  for  something  better  ;  and  m  Gfldu- 
cester  County,  in  1842,  which  at  that  time 
included  Camden  County,  a  very  "import- 
ant meeting  was  held  in  accordance  with  the 


EDUCATION. 


315 


following  notice  to  the  school  committee  of 
Gloucester  County,  for  a  convention  to  be  held 
at  the  court-house  November  19,  1842,  "to 
take  into  consideration  the  state  of  public 
education  and  suggest  such  alteration  and 
amendments  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  in 
the  State  laws  respecting  public  schools." 

The  following-named  persons  represented 
t|ie  districts  indicated  :  Waterford  township, 
Benjamin  W.  Cooper,  Joseph  Porter,  Rich- 
ard Stafford ;  Newton  township,  John  M. 
Kaighn,  Jacob  L.  Rowand,  Thomas  Redman, 
Jr.;  the  city  of  Camden,  Richard  Fetters, 
Thomas  Chapman,  Joseph  W.  Cooper. 

A  public  school  meeting  of  inhabitants  of 
Gloucester  County  was  held  pursuant  to  the 
above  notice,  19th  November,  1842,  at  the 
court-house  in  Woodbury.  Charles  Reeves 
was  chosen  chairman  and  Thomas  Redman 
secretary.  "Waterford,  Newton,  Deptford, 
Greenwich  and  Gloucester  were  represented. 
John  B.  Harrison,  Thos.  P.  Carpenter  and 
Charles  Knight  were  appointed  a  committee 
to  make  a  report  at  next  meeting  as  to  best 
means  of  improving  schools.  Adjourned  to 
December  15,  1842,  when  another  meeting 
was  held  and  the  report  read.  Dr.  I.  S. 
Mulford  and  John  B.  iBfarrison  were  chosen 
to  embody  the  views  into  a  memorial  to  pre- 
sent to  the  Legislature  and  to  get  signers. 

This  gave  a  great  impetus  to  the  cause  of 
general  education.  In  a  short  time  all  the 
townships  began  tp  raise  the  necessary  sums 
of  money  and  a  system  of  partially  free 
schools  was  inaugurated.  An  additional  im- 
petus was  given  by  the  act  of  1851,  when 
the  townships  were  permitted  to  raise  three 
dollars  per  scholar. 

In  the  Hillman  District  a  school-house  was 
built  by  the  Friends  in  1836,  and  one  in 
Waterford  in  1835. 

Before  1846  twenty-seven  schools  had 
been  established  in  the  county  outside  of  Cam- 
den City,  with  an  equal  number  of  depart- 
ments and  teachers.  Since  then  nineteen  ad- 
ditional schools  have  been  opened  and  the 


number  of  departments  and  teachers  has 
increased  to  sixty-six,  the  greatest  increase 
having  taken  place  in  1866. 

In  1848  a  new  school-house  of  stone  was 
built  in  Blackwoodtown,  the  old  one  which 
stood  for  about  half  a  century  having  been 
burned.  An  academy  was  opened  in  that 
village,  in  which  boys  were  prepared  for 
business  or  for  college.  It  was  sustained 
until  1870,  when  a  two-story  public  school- 
house  was  built.  The  school  was  put  on 
such  a  basis  that  the  children  could  receive 
as  good  an  education  as  at  the  academy,  ex- 
cept that  Latin  and  Greek  were  not  taught. 

In  1853  a  frame  school-house  was  built  at 
Irish  Hill,  in  Centre  township,  and  was  occu- 
pied until  1881,  when  a  very  fine,  commodious 
and  well  equipped  house  was  built.  In  1853 
the  people  of  Berlin  built  a  school-house, 
which  did  good  service  until  1874,  when  the 
present  beautiful  and  commodious  structure 
was  erected,  one  of  the  very  best  school-houses 
in  Camden  County.  In  1855  a  school-house 
at  Greenland,  No.  1 5,  was  built  on  a  lot  do- 
nated by  Charles  L.  Willits  and  was  used 
until  1882,  when  another  of  those  neat 
structures  that  are  now  found  in  almost  every 
school  district  was  built.  The  people  in  Dis- 
trict No.  15  have  done  nobly  in  erecting  for 
the  colored  people  the  finest  school-house  for 
colored  children  in  any  country  district  in 
South  Jersey.  It  is  a  two-story  frame  build- 
ing, forty  feet  long  and  thirty-six  feet  wide. 

During  the  year  1855  the  people  in  Chees- 
man  District  put  up  a  school  building.  It 
was  located  in  the  woods,  more  than  half  a 
mile  from  any  public  road,  but  has  been  re- 
moved to  a  more  suitable  location  and  the 
district  has  been  divided. 

As  Hammonton,  in  Atlantic  County,  newly 
settled  in  1859,  began  to  grow  and  extend 
into  Camden  County,  the  people  who  settled 
at  North  Hammonton  (now  called  Elm), 
being  mostly  of  New  England  stock,  a 
school-house  was  erected  in  1861,  and  a 
good  school  has  been   maintained  there  ever 


316 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


since.  In  1864  Tansboro'  District  was  divided 
into  two  districts,  a  serious  mistake,  and  in 
the  nortiiern  one,  called  Tansboro'  North,  No. 
34,  a  school-house  was  built.  A  house  was 
also  built  in  1858.  In  1865  a  school  was 
opened  in  a  little  building  in  Milford  Dis- 
trict, No.  28,  belonging  to  the  German 
Church,  and  held  there  until  1884,  when  a 
public  school-house  was  erected.  In  1867 
the  settlement  at  Atco  by  New  England 
people  built  a  school-house.  In  1868  a  good 
building  was  put  up  in  Bates  Mill  District, 
and  in  1869  an  equally  good  one  was  erected 
in  Ancora  District.  This  same  year  a  small 
house  was  built  in  Davisville  District,  No. 
23.  During  this  year  the  beautiful  stone 
structure  that  graces  the  borough  of  Haddon- 
field  was  built,  one  of  the  most  substantial 
and  elegant  school-houses  in  the  State.  It 
has  four  school-rooms,  besides  other  rooms 
for  class  recitations  or  study  purposes.  In 
1870  Merchantville  built  its  first  public 
school-house,  with  two  rooms.  It  is  quite  an 
ornament  to  the  borough.  In  1875  a  portion 
of  Waterford  District  was  added  to  Park 
District,  in  Atlantic  County,  and  was  called 
Parkdale  District,  No.  42.  A  site  was  secured 
in  this  county  and  a  school-house  built. 
Wrightsville  District,  No.  43,  was  set  off 
from  Eosendale  in  1877,  and  soon  after  a 
one-story  building,  capable  of  accommodating 
seventy  children,  was  built.  In  a  few  years 
another  story  was  added,  giving  accommo- 
dations for  one  hundred  and  twenty  children. 
In  1877  an  additional  building  was  erect- 
ed in  Cheesman  District,  No.  25,  because  of 
the  size  of  the  territory,  and  afterwards  a 
new  district  was  formed,  with  this  school- 
house  as  the  centre,  and  called  Union  Valley, 
No.  44.  To  accommodate  the  increased 
number  of  scholars  in  Eosendale,  Champion, 
Haddonfield  and  Union  Districts,  new  school 
buildings  have  been  put  up  since  1880.  In 
1882,  in  Eosendale  District,  a  two-roomed, 
one-story  building  was  erected,  and  in  Had- 
donfield, a  two-story  building,  both  of  them 


adapted  for  their  work  in  size,  construction, 
methods  of  ventilation,  furniture  and  appli- 
ances. In  1883  a  very  neat,  one-story  house 
was  built  in  Champion,  and  in  1885,  one  in 
Union.  Portions  of  the  county,  especially 
those  lying  nearest  Camden  and  the  boroughs 
of  Haddonfield  and  Merchantville,  are  grow- 
ing with  such  rapidity  that  the  accommoda- 
tions for  pupils  must  be  increased  every  few 
years. 

The  Present  School  System. — The 
progress  of  education  is  pretty  clearly  indi- 
cated by  the  progress  in  the  building  of 
suitable  school-houses.  The  two  have  gone 
along  together  and  show  a  wonderful  ad- 
vance. Nearly  every  old  school-house,  with 
its  very  limited  space,  its  low  ceiling,  its 
small  windows,  its  backless  benche.?,  has  dis- 
appeared, only  one  of  such  school-houses 
being  left  and  the  old  furniture  is  nowhere 
to  be  seen.  The  old  curriculum  of  studies 
has  given  place  to  another  and  a  broader  one, 
with  very  much  improved  methods  in  teach- 
ing the  different  branches.  The  greatest  im- 
provement has  taken  place  since  1867,  when 
the  present  admirable  school  law  took  effect, 
and  the  supervision  of  all  the  schools  in  the 
county  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  a  competent 
man  and  the  licensing  of  teachers  was  con- 
fided to  a  competent  board.  Eev.  Alexander 
Gilmore  was  appointed  the  first  county  super- 
intendent in  1867.  He  was  succeeded  by 
the  present  incumbent,  Eev.  F.  E.  Brace,  in 
1870.  Intelligent  friends  of  education  felt 
the  necessity  of  such  action  years  before  the 
new  law  was  enacted.  Dr.  John  Snowdon, 
who  was  superintendent  of  Winslow  town- 
ship schools  in  1866,  said  ;  "  I  would  most 
emphatically  urge  the  abolition  of  the  power 
to  license  teachers,  vested  in  the  town  super- 
intendents, so  as  to  place  it  beyond  the  con- 
trol of  local  influences.  The  majority  of  the 
applicants  for  licenses  to  teach  have  either  a 
relative  or  particular  friend  in  the  board  of 
trustees,  and  if  they  are  not  licensed  by  tiie 
superintendent,  a  great   deal   of  bad  feeling 


EDUCATION. 


317 


is  excited  against  the  latter  officer."  Indeed, 
even  since  the  new  order  of  things,  occasion- 
ally an  influence,  though  unsuccessful,  has 
been  brought  to  bear  upon  superintendent 
and  upon  examiners  to  allow  incompetent 
persons  to  obtain  certificates  of  license  to 
teach;  but  the  great  majority, at  least  ninety- 
nine  per  cent  of  the  whole,  approve,  indorse 
and  rejoice  in  the  new  order  of  things. 

As  a  result  of  having  a  head  to  the  educa- 
tional  interests   of  the   county,  a   system  of 
instruction    was    soon    devised    for   all    the 
schools  in  the  county.     There  was  no  system 
before  1871.     Each  teacher   marked  out  his 
own  course  of  study.    In  order  that  accurate 
knowledge  of  the  work  done  in    the  schools 
might   be  reached,  circulars  were  sent  to  all 
the  teachers  in  the  county,  requesting  them 
to  send  on  prepared  blanks  their  schedules  of 
studies  for  each  day,  with  the  time  devoted  to 
each  recitation.     From  these  it  was  learned 
that  the  time  devoted  to  reading  in  the  differ- 
ent schools  varied  from  forty-eight   minutes 
to   two    hours     and     thirty-nine    minutes ; 
to  spelling,  from   eighteen    minutes    to   two 
hours  and   twenty  minutes ;  to   penmanship, 
from  nine  minutes  to  thirty;  to  geography, 
from  fiveminut&s  to  one  hour;  to  arithmetic, 
from  thirty  minutes    to  two   hours  and  nine 
minutes ;  to  grammar,  from   no    minutes   to 
one  hour  and  twenty  minutes.     Twelve  had 
the  highest  classes  in  geography  studying  in 
an    intermediate  geography.      The  highest 
classes   in    arithmetic   in   seventeen   were  in 
fractions,   and   the    highest  in    grammar    in 
ten  vvere  in  etymology.    Only  in  ten  schools 
was    natural     philosophy    studied ;    in    six, 
physiology;  in  four,  algebra;  in  six,  book- 
keeping ;  in   seventeen.  United  States   His- 
tory; and  in    one,  drawing.     A    convention 
of  teachers   and  trustees  was   called   in   the 
month   of  June,  1872.     It  was  very  largely 
attended  and  a  most  earnest  and  enthusiastic 
spirit  shown.     After  thoroughly  considering 
the   whole   matter,  a   course   of  study   was 
njarked  out  for  all  the  schools  in  the  county 
37 


and   a  schedule   of  recitations  adopted   as  a 
guide  for  all  the  teachers.     The  good  accom- 
plished by  this  systematic  course  of  study  for 
all  the  schools  in  the  county  was  incalculable. 
A  new  spirit  was  infused  into  the  teachers. 
They  felt  that  they  had  something  definite 
and  clear  to  mark  out  their  pathway.     This 
was,  however,  not  fully  satisfactory  to   the 
superintendent,  and  so  in  1875  he  presented 
to   both  trustees  and  teachers  a  better  sys- 
tematized course  of  study,  together  with  a 
recommendation  that  an  examination  of  all 
the  scholars  be  held  in  connection  therewith, 
and  that  those  pupils  who  should  complete 
the  course  of  study  and  pass  a  satisfactory  ex- 
amination therein,  should  receive  a  certificate 
or  diploma  as  a  recognition  of  the  fact.    This 
was  unanimously  adopted,  but  on  account  of 
the  shortness  of  time  and  the  great  amount 
of  work  to  be  done  for  the  Centennial  Expo- 
sition in   Philadelphia,  the  regular  examina- 
tion could  not  be  attempted  that  year,  and 
was_  therefore    deferred    to   the    succeeding 
year.       In     the   spring   of    1877   the   first 
regular  examination  of  the  schools  was  held, 
the  examination  in  each  branch  taking  place 
the  same  day  in  every  school  in   the  county, 
and  the  same  set  of  questions,  prepared  by 
the  county  superintendent,  being  used.     The 
papers  of  the  pupils  were  examined   by  a 
committee  of  teachers,  each  member  of  the 
committee  having,  as  a  rule,  only  the  papers 
in    one   branch,    to    prevent    anything   like 
partiality  being  shown.     Twenty-two  pupils 
passed  the  required  examination  and  received 
their  diplomas.    This  was  the  culmination  of 
the  county  course  of  study,  adopted  in  1872. 
Since  then  nearly  every  county  in  this  State 
and  numerous  counties  in  other  States  have 
adopted  our  Camden  County  system  and  with 
the  happiest  results.    A  healthful  rivalry  has 
been  created  among  the  schools,  which  brings 
every  teacher  up  to  his  best  work,  and  incites 
pupils  to  more  thorough  and  faithful  study, 
both  teachers  and  pupils  being  anxious  to  have 
their  schools  stand  in  the  front  rank.  Strange 


318 


HISTOEY  OF  CAjMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


to  say,  some  of  the  best  results  have  been 
seen  in  the  one  department  schools,  when 
every  few  years  there  are  successful  pupils  to 
take  their  diplomas.  There  are  no  ungraded 
schools  in  the  county.  The  one  department 
schools  are  all  graded.  So  well  has  this 
county  system  worked  that  the  faculty  of  the 
State  Normal  School  adopted  a  resolution 
to  admit  pupils  who  possessed  a  county 
diploma  to  that  institution  without  further 
examination.  It  seemed  to  some  that  a  still 
higher  step  could  be  taken  from  a  few  years' 
working  of  this  system,  and  so  it  was  taken 
a  little  while  afterwards  and  called  "  an  ad- 
vanced course."  This  almost  prepares  boys 
for  the  Scientific  Department  of  college. 

We  can  look  back  with  satisfaction  upon 
the  great  advance  made  during  the  last  six- 
teen years.  No  influence  has  been  greater  in 
helping  along  this  advance  than  the  State 
Normal  School.  It  has  done  this  not  only 
by  sending  out  from  its  halls  teachers,  fully 
prepared,  well-trained  and  eager  for  the 
work,  but  by  stimulating  others,  who  could 
not,  by  reason  of  pecuniary  inability,  attend 
that  institution,  to  study  and  work  and  make 
themselves  equal  in  every  direction,  superior, 
if  possible,  to  Normal  School  graduates. 
The  motto  of  this  county  is  still  "Forward." 
The  best  has  not  yet  been  reached,  but  every 
day  is  seeing  some  progress  in  that  direction. 

Rev.  F.  R.  Brace  was  born  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Newfoundland,  B.  N.  A.,  in  1832, 
and  was  the  son  of  Richard  Brace,  who  was 
for  over  twenty  years  keeper  of  the  prison 
either  in  the  Northern  District  of  the  island 
or  in  the  Central  District. 

He  acquired  the  principal  part  of  his  edu- 
cation in  the  grammar  school  at  Harbor 
Grace,  and  was  there  fitted  for  college,  al- 
though he  never  entered.  At  the  age  of  six- 
teen he  entered  the  store  of  a  book-seller  in 
St.  John's  and  remained  there  two  years. 
He  there,  having  associated  himself  with 
his  elder  brother,  William  H.,  commenced 
business  in  Harbor  Grace,  but  gave  it  up  in 


two  years.  He  left  Newfoundland  No- 
vember, 1853,  and  came  to  Trenton,  N.  J., 
and  there  taught  school  in  Morrisville,  Pa., 
opposite  Trenton,  one  year,  and  the  next  year 
taught  the  public  schools  at  Ewing  and 
Millham,  near  Trenton.  In  1855  he  was 
elected  assistant  teacher  of  languages  and 
mathematics  in  Trenton  Academy. 

In  the  spring  of  1856  he  was  married  to 
Emma,  daughter  of  Whilldin  Foster,  of 
Trenton,  N.  J.  He  was  elected  principal  of 
New  Paltz  Academy,  New  York  State, 
March,  1857,  and  remained  there  two  years. 
The  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  Princeton  College  July,  1857. 

Feeling  that  he  was  called  to  preach  as 
well  as  to  teach,  he  commenced  his  studies 
for  the  ministry,  teaching  by  day  and  study- 
ing in  the  evenings.  He  removed  to  East 
Millstone,  N.  J.,  July,  1859,  and  opened 
a  select  school,  classical  and  mathematical. 
While  there  he  still  pursued  his  theological 
studies  and  after  an  examination  in  both  col- 
legiate and  theological  studies  by  the  Classis 
of  New  Brunswick,  connected  with  the  Re- 
formed Church  of  the  United  States,  he  was 
licensed  to  preach  by  that  body. 

He  removed  to  Elwood  in  June,  1861,  to 
take  charge  of  a  large  missionary  field  in 
Atlantic  County,  preaching  at  Elwood,  Ham- 
monton.  Pleasant  Mills  and  Atlantic  City. 
In  October  of  this  year  he  was  ordained  by 
the  Presbytery  of  West  Jersey.  In  1862  he 
was  elected  township  superintendent  of  pub- 
lic schools  in  Mullica  township,  Atlantic 
County,  and  filled  that  office  three  years.  In 
1865  be  was  elected  one  of  the  county  ex- 
aminers of  Atlantic  County.  He  removed, 
in  March,  1867,  from  Hammonton  to  Black- 
wood, to  take  charge  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  there,  and  has  remained  its  pastor 
until  the  present  time. 

He  has  been  active  in  Bible  and  Sunday- 
school  work  and  was  three  years  in  succession 
president  of  the  County  Sunday-school  As- 
sociation.     In  1868  he  was  elected  one  of 


THE  PEESS. 


319 


the  trustees  of  the  public  school  in  Black- 
wood, and  in  1870  was  appointed  county 
superintendent  of  Camden  County,  which 
position  he  still  holds.  In  1874  he  was 
elected  for  that  year,  president  of  the  State 
Teachers'  Association.  He  is  now  a  member 
of  the  State  Board  of  Control  of  the  Teachers' 
Reading  Circle.  He  is  the  originator  of  the 
graded  course  of  study  for  all  schools  in  the 
county,  having  put  it  into  operation  in  the 
county  in  1872. 

Mr.  Brace  has  two  brothers  teaching — 
William  H.,  principal  of  the  High  School, 
Trenton,  and  Alfred  S.,  professor  of  music  in 
the  State  Normal  School,  Trenton.  He  has 
five  children  living,  two  of  whom  are  teach- 
ing— Mary  B.  Clayton,  in  the  High  School, 
New  Brunswick,  and  Ada  Brace,  at  Chews 
Landing,  in  this  county. 

Some  years  ago  he  was  urgently  pressed  to 
take  charge  of  the  West  Jersey  Academy, 
Bridgeton.  He  has  received  invitations  to 
take  the  pastoral  charge  of  several  churches 
in  South  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania,  but  has 
declined  them  all,  feeling  that  his  work  was 
in  Camden  County  and  in  the  quiet  and 
beautiful  little  village  of  Blackwood. 


CHAPTER     XVI. 


THE    PEESS. 


The  press  in  America  is  one  of  the  most 
potent  factors  in  the  education  of  the  masses, 
and  its  power  and  influence  cannot  be  over- 
estimated. The  number  of  journals  pub- 
lished in  this  country  to-day  is  simply  wonder- 
ful, and  they  circulate  throughout  the 
length  and  breadth  of  the  land.  The  im- 
provements in  use  in  the  art  of  printing  now, 
in  comparison  to  the  time  Benjamin  Franklin 
started  his  historic  journal  in  Philadelphia, 
is  one  of  the  wonders  of  this  age  of  civiliza- 
tion and  enlightenment. 

If  it  were  possible  to  give  in  this  chapter 


the  number  of  individual  copies  of  news- 
papers, of  all  kinds,  taken  and  read  by  the  en- 
tire population  of  Camden  City  and  County, 
very  few  readers  would  credit  the  statement. 
There  are  editors  now  living  in  Camden  who 
remember  when  there  were  but  four  or  five 
papers  published  in  West  Jersey  south  of 
Burlington  ;  there  are  now  a  hundred  or  more. 
The  proximity  of  Camden  to  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  and  the  circulation  of  the  jour- 
nals of  that  city  in  Camden  and  vicinity, 
doubtless  prevented  the  establishment  of 
papers  here  before  1820.  The  influential 
Philadelphia  journals,  for  many  years  past, 
have  each  had  correspondents  in  Camden 
County,  who  regularly  have  collected  and 
prepared  the  local  news  of  the  day,  and  their 
interesting  communications  can  be  found  in 
the  files  of  those  papers.  The  city  and  county 
of  Camden,  since  the  date  of  the  establish- 
ment of  the  first  paper  here,  have  been 
well  supplied  with  local  journals,  some  of 
which  have  had  a  phenomenal  existence 
and  others  a  checkered  history.  There  are 
those  which  have  been,  and  still  are,  enter- 
prising and  influential  journals,  ably  edited, 
vigorous  exponents  of  public  opinion,  and. 
neat  in  typographical  appearance.  In  the 
succeeding  pages  of  this  chapter  it  is  de- 
signed to  give  an  accurate  history  of  journal- 
ism in  the  county,  together  with  a  few  prefa- 
tory notes  relating  to  early  newspapers  of 
the  vicinity. 

The  first  newspaper  published  in  West 
Jersey,  south  of  Burlington,  was  the  Bridgeton 
Argus,  of  which  James  D.  Westcott  was  edi- 
tor and  proprietor.  It  was  started  in  1794, 
continued  two  years,  and,  by  a  change  of 
name,  was  published  by  John  Westcott,  a 
brother  of  the  proprietor  of  the  Argus,  until 
1805.  Peter  Hay,  in  1815,  started,  at 
Bridgeton,  the  Washington  Whig,  the  second 
paper  in  West  Jersey.  It  was  the  organ  of 
the  Jefferson  Democrats.  It  was  a  prosper- 
ous journal,  but,  after  many  changes  of  own- 
ership, ceased  publication  in  1837.    In  1818 


320 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


John  A.  Crane  established,  at  Woodbury,  the 
Gloucester  Farmer.  This  was  the  third 
paper  in  West  Jersey.  He  continued  to 
publish  at  that  place  until  1820,  when  he  re- 
moved presses  and  material  to  Camden,  and 
thus  it  became  the  first  paper  ever  issued  in 
Camden  County.  The  files  of  this  paper 
are  in  the  possession  of  Samuel  H.  Grey, 
Esq.,  whose  father,  the  veteran  editor,  in 
1819,  commenced,  at  Woodbury,  the  publi- 
cation of  the  Village  Record,  and  soon  there- 
after removed  to  Camden,  and  there  pur- 
chased, of  Johu  A.  Crane,  the  Gloucester 
Farmer. 

Samuel  Ellis,  a  well-known  school-teacher 
of  his  day,  on  December  29,  1824,  began,  in 
Camden,  the  publication  of  the  American 
Star  and  Rural  Record.  This  office  was  on 
the  west  side  of  Front  Street,  between  Cooper 
and  Plum  (Arch).  This  luminary,  under 
the  control  of  Master  Ellis,  did  not  shine 
very  brilliantly,  and,  after  continuing  it  two 
years,  he  sold  it  to  Israel  Porter  and  J.  Wollo- 
hon,  who  had  been  apprentices  in  the  same 
office.  The  new  proprietors  changed  the 
name  to  the  Camden  Mail,  and  the  office  was 
moved  to  the  southwest  corner  of  Second 
Street  and  Market.  Dr.  John  R.  Sickler  after- 
wards bought  it,  and  moved  the  office  to  the 
"  west  side  of  Second  Street,  above  Taylor's 
Avenue."  Dr.  Sickler  disposed  of  the  paper 
to  a  Mr.  Ham,  and  he,  on  April  2,  1834, 
sold  it  to  Philip  J.  Grey,  Esq.  The  print- 
ing-office was  then  at  the  southwest  corner 
of  Second  and  Arch  ;  price  of  sheet,  two 
dollars  per  year.  In  September,  1834,  the  of- 
fice was  removed  to  a  building  near  Toy's 
Ferry,  and,  on  September  3,  1835,  the  name 
West  Jerseyman  was  adopted.  It  was  then 
next  to  the  largest  paper  in  West  Jersey, 
and,  under  the  management  of  Mr.  Grey, 
was  an  influential  and  popular  journal.  The 
name  of  this  successful  exponent  of  public 
opinion,  under  the  ownership  of  Judge  Grey, 
was  changed  to  the  West  Jerseyman.  It  was 
ably  edited  and  obtained  a  large  circulation. 


It  was  enlarged  at  different  times.  The  com- 
plete files  of  the  Mail  and  the  West  Jersey- 
man  were  carefully  preserved  and  are  now 
owned  by  Samuel  H.  Grey,  Esq.,  of  Cam- 
den, through  whose  kindness  and  courtesy 
the  use  of  them  was  allowed  the  author  in 
the  preparation  of  this  history  and  from 
which  much  valuable  information  relating  to 
Camden  County  was  obtained. 

Philip  James  Grey,  Esq.,  was  the  second 
son  of  Martin  and  Eliza  Derham  Grey  and 
was  born  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  in  1798.  His 
father,  participating  in  the  political  move- 
ments then  agitating  Dublin,  was  obliged  to 
seek  safety  in  flight,  and  came  to  this  country 
in  the  early  part  of  this  century.  Dying 
suddenly  in  1804,  his  estate  was  lost  in  an 
unfortunate  business  enterprise  in  which  he 
had  invested  it,  and  his  widow  was  left  in 
very  straitened  circumstances.  Philip  J. 
Grey,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was,  at  the 
instance  of  the  late  Matthew  Carey,  Esq., 
placed  in  the  establishment  of  Mr.  Maccul- 
loch,  a  printer  and  bookseller,  with  whom  he 
remained  until  he  had  grown  to  manhood. 
Upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Macculloch,  who  had 
bequeathed  to  him  a  sum  sufficient  to  pur- 
chase an  outfit  for  a  printing-office,  Mr.  Grey 
removed  from  Philadelphia  in  the  summer 
of  1819  to  Woodbury,  N.  J.,  where  he  estab- 
lished himself  in  the  printing  business  as  ed- 
itor and  publisher  of  the  Columbian  Herald, 
the  first  number  of  which  was  published  Sep- 
tember 23,  1819.  He  continued  at  Wood- 
bury, where,  in  1824,  he  was  postmaster, 
taking  a  prominent  part  in  public  affairs 
until  1830,  when  he  removed  to  Blackwood- 
town  and  entered  into  business  with  John  C. 
Smallwood,  late  of  Woodbury.  From  Black- 
woodtown  he  went,  at  the  instance  of  his 
friends,  Hon.  Samuel  L.  Southard  and  Gen- 
eral Zachariah  liossell,  to  Trenton,  where  he 
established  a  Whig  newspaper.  The  Union. 
Leaving  Trenton,  Mr.  Grey  entered  into  the 
business  of  bookselling  and  publishing  in 
Philadelphia.     While  so  engaged  he  caused 


THE  PRESS. 


321 


to  be  reported  and  afterward  published  the 
proceedings  in  the  case  of  De  Cou  vs.  Hen- 
drickson,  which  involved  the  settlement  of 
the  property  rights  of  the  Society  of  Friends, 
then  at  difference  among  themselves  upon 
the  orthodoxy  of  the  teachings  of  EUas 
Hicks.  Returning  to  his  earlier  employment, 
Mr.  Grey  came  to  Camden  in  1833,  where 
he  bought  the  Camden  Mail  and  published  it 
until  March,  1849,  when  the  paper  was  en- 
larged and  its  name  changed  to  ITie  West 
Jerseyman,  under  which  title  it  was  published 
by  Mr.  Grey  until  January  1,  1860,  when  he 
retired  from  journalism.  The  Camden  Daily 
was  published  by  Mr.  Grey  from  January  4, 
1858,  to  March  6, 1858,  when  its  publication 
was  discontinued  for  lack  of  public  support. 

Mr.  Grey  was  a  man  of  marked  individu- 
ality, independence  and  firmness  of  character. 
He  was  of  a  generous,  enthusiastic  and  sympa- 
thetic nature,  and  for  many  years  he  was  a 
prominent  and  influential  man  in  Southern 
New  Jersey.  In  his  political  opinions  he 
was  a  Whig.  After  the  defeat  of  General 
Scott,  in  1852,  and  the  consequent  disinte- 
gration of  the  Whig  party,  Mr.  Grey  identi- 
fied himself  with  those  who  opposed  the  ex- 
tension of  slavery  into  the  Territories  of 
Kansas  and  Nebraska.  He  was  a  leader  and 
became  at  an  early  period  actively  interested 
in  the  formation  of  the  Republican  party. 
The  first  meeting  in  Camden  of  those  in  sym- 
pathy with  that  organization  was  held  at  his 
residence.  No.  709  Market  Street.  He  held 
at  different  times  several  important  and  re- 
sponsible offices.  He  was  secretary  of  the 
New  Jersey  Senate  and  for  many  years  col- 
lector of  the  port  of  Camden.  For  fifteen 
years  he  was  one  of  the  judges  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  of  Camden  County,  and 
during  a  large  part  of  that  time  the  presiding 
judge.  He  was  for  a  long  period  a  vestry- 
man, and  at  the  time  of  his  death  a  warden 
of  St.  Paul's  parish,  Camden.  He  was  twice 
married,— first  at  Woodbury,  in  1822,  to 
Rachel,  daughter  of  Jacob  Glover,  Esq.,  for- 


merly surrogate  of  Gloucester  County.  Af- 
ter the  death  of  his  first  wife  he  married,  in 
1834,  Sarah  Woolston,  daughter  of  Isaac 
Stephens,  Esq.  His  surviving  children  are 
two  sous — Samuel  H.  Grey,  Esq.,  of  Cam- 
den, and  Martin  P.  Grey,  Esq.,  of  Salem, 
N.  J. — and  two  daughters, — Mary  G.  Grey 
and  Anne  Grey.  He  died  at  his  residence. 
No.  709  Market  Street,  Camden,  on  the 
morning  of  January  8,  1876,  in  the  seventy- 
seventh  year  of  his  age. 

About  1830  Josiah  Harrison,  of  Camden 
City,  issued  a  small  sheet  called  the  Republi- 
can, which  was  continued  by  him  for  several 
years,  after  which  time  Franklin  Ferguson 
became  its  proprietor. 

In  1840  a  new  paper  made  its  appearance, 
called  the  American  Eagle.  It  was  published 
by  Charles  D.  Hineline,  who  had  his  oflBce 
in  a  frame  building  on  Bridge  Avenue,  next 
to  Elwell's  Hotel.  This  building  was  after- 
wards removed.  Mr.  Hineline  connected 
with  him  in  its  publication  Henry  Curts, 
and  afterwards  sold  out  his  interest  to  a  man 
by  the  name  of  Bossee,  and  went  to  the 
West.  Bossee  sold  his  interest  to  Mr.  Curts, 
who  was  quite  a  facetious  writer.  The  paper, 
which  was  the  organ  of  the  American  party, 
was  eventually  changed  to  the  Phcenix  and 
after  a  checkered  history  ceased  publication. 

The  Camden  Journal,  a  vigorous  organ  of 
the  American  party,  was  established  and 
conducted  by  David  W.  Belisle,  who  after- 
ward became  mayor  of  Atlantic  City.  It 
was  continued  for  quite  a  time.  Mr.  Belisle 
became  the  New  Jersey  correspondent  of  the 
Public  Ledger  of  Philadelphia,  and  after  a 
long  career  as  a  journalist  died  in  Camden 
during  the  year  1886. 

The  New  Bepiiblic,  a  weekly  journal.  Re- 
publican in  politics,  was  started  in  1866  by 
Henry  L.  Bonsall  and  James  M.  Scovel. 
It  soon  gained  influence  and  popularity  and 
secured  a  large  circulation,  being  ably  edited 
and  neat  in  typographical  appearance.  Mr. 
Scovel,  at  the  expiration  of  nine  years,  re- 


322 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


tired  from  the  paper.  Henry  L.  Bonsall  and 
T.  M.  K.  Lee,  Jr.,  continued  its  publication 
until  a  joint-stock  company,  composed  of  H. 
L.  Bonsall,  George  W.  Gilbert,  John  S.  Lee, 
T.  M.  K.  Lee,  Jr.  and  James  Warrington 
took  charge  of  it.  Eventually  the  paper 
came  into  the  possession  of  Bonsall  &  Carse, 
soon  after  which  the  senior  proprietor  retired 
to  start  the  Daili/  Post.  John  H.  Fort  was 
the  last  owner  of  the  New  Republic. 

The  Argus  was  a  Sunday  paper,  owned 
and  edited  by  John  H.  Fort. 

The  Jersey  Blue  was  an  interesting  family 
newspaper,  and  was  started  about  1858  by 
Charles  N.  Pine,  who  continued  its  publication 
for  several  years,  and  its  editor  afterward  be- 
came connected  with  the  Philadelphia  Day  and 
subsequently  the  Beoord.  He  was  an  able 
journalist. 

The  West  Jersey  Press  is  the  sole  sur- 
vivor of  several  newspaper  enterprises  started 
in  Camden  since  1820,  and  is  the  legitimate 
oiFspring  of  the  Camden  Mail,  and  subse- 
quently of  the  West  Jerseyman,  both  of  which 
were  the  property  of  the  late  Philip  J.  Grey, 
the  former  being  first  published  in  the  city 
April  7,  1834. 

The  West  Jersey  Press  was  bought  by  the 
present  owner,  Sinnickson  Chew,  in  April, 
1862,  the  negotiations  for  the  purchase  being 
conducted  by  the  late  Charles  P.  Smith,  clerk 
of  the  New  Jersey  Supreme  Court,  and  a 
brother-in-law  of  the  then  owner,  Colonel 
S.  C.  Harbert,  who  was  at  that  lime  a  pay- 
master in  the  army.  Colonel  Harbert  en- 
tered the  editorial  field  well  equipped  for  its 
duties  by  a  long  and  active  participation  in 
State  and  national  politics,  but  whose  connec- 
tion with  the  army  rendered  his  retirement 
from  newspaper  work,  in  his  judgment,  im- 
perative. The  first  number  under  the  pres- 
ent ownership  was  issued  May  7,  1862.  The 
office  was  at  that  time  eqtiipped  with  a  Wash- 
ington hand-press  and  an  antiquated  Ruggles 
press,  they  constituting  the  entire  printing 
machinery  of  the  establishment.     The  new 


proprietor  met  with  a  generous  support  from 
the  beginning,  which  has  continued  and  in- 
creased until  the  present  time,  and  until  he 
has  been  compelled  to  enlarge  his  equipment 
by  the  addition  of  six  of  the  latest  improved 
printing  presses,  with  other  material  to  cor- 
respond in  the  various  departments,  making 
the  West  Jersey  Printing  House  one  of  the 
largest   establishments    of  the   kind  in  the 
State.     In  1870  the  building,  fifty  by  ninety, 
was  erected,  the  entire  third  floor  being  used 
for  newspaper,  book  and  job  printing,  while 
the  corner  room  on  the  first  floor  is  used  as  a 
stationery  store   and    business    department. 
Every   expense    incurred    or   improvement 
added  to  meet  the  wants  of  a  growing  city, 
have  met  with  popular  approval,  as  has  been 
shown  by  a  marked  and  permanent  increase 
of  business.     The  West  Jersey  Press  has  al- 
ways been  a  stanch  and   outspoken  advocate 
of  Republican  principles  and  a  firm  supporter 
of  the  Republican   party,  its  long  and  con- 
sistent career  having  obtained  for  it  a  wide 
influence  in  political  circles.    Its  original  size 
was  twenty-four  by  thirty- eight  inches,  but 
it  has  been  successively  enlarged  until  now  it 
is  a  thirty-six-column  sheet,  thirty  by  forty- 
six — the  third    largest   paper   in  the   State. 
Its   circulation  was    never   so   large  as  at 
present. 

Sinnickson  Chew  was  born  January  27, 
1830,  in  Mannington  township,  Salem 
County,  N.  J.,  where  his  parents  then  re- 
sided. His  Christian  name  indicates  his 
ancestry  as  being  of  the  Swedes,  who  settled 
along  the  shores  of  the  Delaware  River  as 
early  as  1638,  long  before  the  English  or 
Dutch  saw  the  land.  Among  those  who 
received  deeds  from  John  Fenwick  to  con- 
firm their  title,  the  names  of  Sinnic,  Sinnica 
and  Sinnicker  occur,  and  the  records  of  Up- 
land Court  (on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river), 
which  date  back  to  1676,  show  this  name 
among  the  litigants  before  that  tribunal. 
The  blood  of  the  early  comers  was  diffused 
among  the  English  families,  and  as  a  conse- 


;<£»*<^      <i^^-<=«^ 


THE  PRESS. 


323 


quence  the  name  followed  the  line  of  rela- 
tionship and  was  gradually  changed  to  the 
present  spelling.  The  direct  and  collateral 
branches  of  the  family  have  always  been 
prominent  in  the  affairs  of  church  and  State 
and  still  have  a  firm  hold  upon  the  confi- 
dence and  good  opinion  of  the  people  in 
Southern  Jersey.  Equipped  with  such  edu- 
cation as  could  be  gathered  there  from  the 
country  schools  and  fancying  the  business  of 
a  printer,  Sinnickson  Chew,  in  1845,  entered 
the  office  of  the  Constitution,  published  at 
Woodbury,  N.  J.,  by  A.  S.  Barber.  Here 
he  soon  mastered  the  "  art  and  mystery," 
and  in  due  time  became  the  "  post-boy  "  to 
the  office.  With  a  horse  and  sulky  he  rode 
the  length  and  breadth  of  the  counties  of 
Camden  and  Gloucester,  distributing  the 
news  of  the  week  at  every  store  and  cross- 
roads, where  he  was  a  welcome. visitor.  Per- 
haps the  poet  can  better  describe  him  as  he — 

"  Who  whistles  as  he  goes, — light-hearted  wretch, 
Cold,  and  yet  cheerful,  messenger  of  grief 
Perhaps  to  thousands,  and  of  joy  to  some : 
To  him  indifferent  whether  grief  or  joy." 

In  1851  he  left  his  master's  employ  and 
went  to  Philadelphia,  in  the  composing  de- 
partment of  the  type  foundry  of  L.  Johnson 
&  Co.,  but  the  same  year  he  became  connected 
with  the  National  Standard,  of  Salem,  N.  J., 
Charles  P.  Smith,  editor.  In  a  short  time, 
associated  with  William  S.  Sharp,  he  pur- 
chased this  paper  and  continued  its  publication, 
under  the  firm-name  of  Sharp  &  Chew,  until 
1862,  when  he  made  overtures  for  the  pur- 
chase of  the  State  Gazette,  at  Trenton,  N.  J. 
In  this  he  was  defeated  by  Jacob  E.  Freese, 
at  that  time  the  lessee,  and  soon  after  (May, 
1862)  he  bought  the  entire  interest  of  the 
West  Jersey  Press,  of  Camden,  and  became  its 
editor  and  publisher.  He  soon  infused  new 
life  into  this  journal  and  made  it  the  leading 
Republican  paper  in  the  western  part  of  the 
State.  Although  a  forcible  writer,  and  firm 
in  his  political  convictions,  yet  he  concedes 
to  his  opponents  the  right  to  their  own  line 


of  thought.  He  never  loses  sight  of  the 
great  moral  necessities  of  the  times,  nor  will 
he  sacrifice  them  even  when  a  political  ad- 
vantage is  at  stake.  His  paper  is  always  a 
means  to  discuss  local  or  general  topics,  but 
not  open  to  peroonalitics  or  questionable  cor- 
respondence. With  such  a  reputation,  the 
West  Jersey  Press  is  regardedas  a  safe  me- 
dium of  county  news,  and  is  read  by  all  who 
are  in  full  faith  with  its  political  notions, 
and  by  many  who  neither  think  nor  vote  as 
the  editor  would  advise. 

For  three  years,  from  1872,  he  was  con- 
secutively elected  by  the  House  of  Assembly 
of  New  Jersey  to  the  responsible  position  of 
clerk  of  that  body,  and  was  conceded  by  his 
political  opponents  to  have  been  courteous 
and  polite  to  all.  His  fidelity  to  his  political 
friends  is  strong  and  lasting,  and  his  devotion 
to  the  principles  of  the  political  party  of 
which  he  is  an  honored  member,  is  well 
known  throughout  his  native  state.  His 
tact  and  energy  are  evidenced  in  the  erection 
of  the  "  Press  "  building,  where  he  conducts 
an  active  business,  giving  personal  attention 
to  the  details  of  the  various  kinds  of  work, 
and  not  neglecting  improvements  that  aid  so 
much  in  speed  and  finish. 

As  one  of  the  active  members  of  the  Edi- 
torial Association  of  New  Jersey,  Mr.  Chew 
has  brought  about  many  improvements  in 
the  working  of  that  body.  The  business 
meetings  bring  the  members  into  closer  in- 
tercourse, and  the  annual  excursions  are  pop- 
ular and  make  friendships  where  otherwise 
none  would  exist.  On  May  8,  1860,  Mr. 
Chew  married  Sarah  A.,  daughter  of  Samuel 
W.  Miller,  then  sheriff  of  Salem  County. 
His  surviving  children  are, — Lillie  M.,  the 
wife  of  Oliver  Smith,  Jr.,  and  William  H. 
and  Eddie  H. 

The  Camden  Democrat.  —  The  first 
number  of  the  Camden  Democrat,  under  that 
name,  was  published  Saturday,  January  3, 
1846,  by  Charles  D.  Hineline.  It  was  a 
well-printed,  carefully-edited   four-page  pa- 


324 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


per  of  twenty-eight  columns.  Its  office  of 
publication  was  the  second  story  of  a  frame 
building  (since  destroyed  by  fire),  which 
stood  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Second  and 
Federal  Streets.  Hineline  was  a  man  of 
considerable  ability,  as  handsome  as  he  was 
able,  and  the  Demoorat,  under  his  adminis- 
tration, soon  took  front  rank  among  the 
newspapers  of  the  day.  Mr.  Hineline  con- 
tinued as  publisher  of  the  paper  until  185o, 
when  he  disposed  of  his  intci'cst  to  Colonel 
Isaac  Mickle,  who  held  the  editorial  reins  of 
the  publication  until  lus  death,  in  1855, 
when  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  his  cousin, 
Isaac  W.  Mickle.  Colonel  Mickle  was  per- 
haps the  brainiest  of  the  many  able  men 
whose  intellects  liave  illumined  the  })agos  of 
the  Democrat  during  its  forty  years  of  life. 
He  was  a  lawyer  of  acknowledged  ability, 
but  a  reformer  for  all  that.  He  was  also 
known  to  have  been  the  author  of  several 
well-written  dramas,  which,  however,  his 
innate  modesty  prevented  from  appearing  on 
the  stage,  and  this  same  trait,  or  lack  of  self- 
assertion,  is  shown  in  his  "  Reminiscences  of 
Old  Gloucester,"  an  invaluable  contribution 
to  the  historical  data  of  West  Jersey,  in 
which  the  name  of  Mickle  does  not  appear, 
although  his  ancestor,  Archibald  Mickle, 
was  one  of  the  first  settlers,  and  contem- 
poraneous with  William  Cooper,  William 
Royden  and  John  Kaighn.  His  successor 
was  familiarly  known  as  "  Captain  Ike  "  and 
"  General  Ike,"  both  titles  being  his  of  right 
— that  of  captain  not  for  service  in  the  Mex- 
ican War  which  he  rendered,  but  from  his 
being  the  commandant  of  the  Camden  Light 
Artillery,  a  crack  military  organization  of  a 
generation  ago,  and  also  because  of  his  ser- 
vice as  a  company  commandant  in  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion.  His  title  of  "  general " 
came  with  the  Governor's  commission  ap- 
pointing him  brigadier-general  of  the  militia 
of  Camden  County.  Captain  Mickle  was  a 
well-educated  lawyer,  oi  more  than  ordinary 
merit,  but  he  cared  nothing  for  literary  work. 


and  under  his  mauagcmcnt  the  Ihirun'rnt  lost 
ground.  Twelve  months  later  James  M. 
C^assady  became  possessed  of  an  interest,  and, 
under  his  aggressive  direction,  would  have 
soon  retrieved  its  declining  fortunes,  but 
other  arrangements  interfered,  and  lie,  in 
turn,  matlc  way  for  John  Hood,  who  became, 
in  1S5S,  the  sole  proprietor  of  the  paper. 
The  period  was  a  fateful  one  to  Democratic 
newspapers. 

The  all-al)sorbing  Kansas-Nebraska  contro- 
versy, disintegrating  the  party,  made  it  diffi- 
cult to  steer  clear  oi'  the  many  reefs  protru- 
ding above  the  surfacKi  of  the  political  watei-s, 
and  INIr.  Hood's  case  was  not  an  exception  to 
the  rule.  But  the  DemoGi'at,  however  it  may 
have  erred  in  opinion,  was  never  a  cowardly 
neutral  on  any  question,  and,  amid  the 
cross-seas  of  those  troublous  times,  the  helm 
was  set  hard  a-port,  and  the  colors  of  the 
"Little  Giant" — Stephen  A.  Douglas — 
were  floated  to  the  breeze.  This  led  to  a 
rupture  with  some  of  the  Democratic  leaders, 
and,  although  Hood  was  fully  able  to  take 
care  of  himself,  ho  cared  little  for  fi-aterual 
strife,  and  was  induced  to  relinquish  tiie 
property  to  parties  in  the  intei'est  of  (Jolonel 
Morris  R.  Hamilton,  the  present  State  libra- 
rian. Colonel  Hamilton  assumed  charge  of 
the  Democrat  in  1860,  but  only  for  a  short 
time,  being  ofl'ered  a  more  responsible  posi- 
tion on  the  Newark  JoariuU. 

The  Demoorat's  next  editor  was  Charles 
N.  I'ine.  He  was  a  brilliant  writer,  but  ids 
stay  was  brief,  and  for  years  thereafter  the 
career  of  the  paper  was  of  varied  and  gloomy 
uncertainty.  William  Zane  was,  for  a  time, 
its  foreman  and  business  manager,  and,  un- 
der his  care,  the  mental  i)abulum  of  the  in- 
stitution was  supplied  by  a  multitude  of  vol- 
unteers, and  yet  it  naanaged  to  survive.  In 
1867  Colonel  Alexander  Donelson,  formerly 
of  the  Somerset  .McKxein/er,  took  editorial 
charge,  but  he  died  a  few  months  afterwards, 
and. the  veteran  Zane  again  found  himself 
dependent  for  editorial  matter  upon  volun- 


THE  PRESS. 


325 


teers,  whose  offerings  were  iu  too  many  cases 
worth  no  more  than  they  cost. 

In  1870  a  company  was  formed  as  the 
"  Camden  Democratic  Co-Operative  Associa- 
tion," the  incorporators  being  Thomas  Mc- 
Keen,  Isaiah  Woolston,  James  M.  Cassady, 
Chalkley  Albertson,  Cooper  P.  Browning, 
John  Clement,  William  Sexton,  Richard  S. 
Jenkins,  Henry  Fredericks  and  James  S. 
Henry.  John  H.  Jones,  editor  of  the 
American  Bannei',  the'organ  of  Native  Amer- 
icanism in  Philadelphia,  was  appointed  ed- 
itor, and  Lyman  B.  Cole,  manager.  Finan- 
cially, the  business  of  the  office  was  not  a 
success,  but  Jones  was  a  man  of  unpolished 
power,  talking  to  the  people  in  language  and 
of  subjects  they  understood,  and  with  an 
earnestness  which  carried  conviction  to  those 
appealed  to.  He  was  a  large-hearted  man, 
and  an. earnest  advocate  of  the  cause  of  the 
laboring  classes.  Under  his  regime  the 
Democrat  became  quite  popular,  and  wielded 
its  old-time  influence  in  the  community.  In 
1874  Jones  was  elected  mayor,  but  did  not 
live  to  serve  his  term  out,  his  death  taking 
place  in  1876.  The  paper  was  then  con- 
ducted for  a  time  by  Dr.  Thomas  Westcott 
and  Charles  G.  Dickinson,  stock-owners  in  the 
company,  and,  in  1878,  was  sold  to  Messrs. 
Wills  &  Semple,  the  former  at  that  time  as  now 
publisher  of  the  Mount  Holly  Herald.  Mr. 
Semple  assumed  editorial  control,  and  con- 
tinued to  direct  the  fortunes  of  the  paper  un- 
til June,  1884,  when  Mr.  Wills  purchased 
his  interest.  The  following  •  January  the 
paper  passed  into  the  hands  of  Messrs. 
Courter  &  Carpenter,  who,  in  turn,  six 
months  later,  transferred  the  property  to  C. 
S.  Magrath,  who,  for  fourteen  years,  had 
controlled  the  interests  of  the  Cape  May 
Wave.  Under  his  management  the  Demo- 
crat was  enlarged  to  a  thirty-six-column 
folio. 

The  first  attempt  to  publish  a  daily  in 
Camden  was  made  by  Judge  Grey.  The 
name   of  this   sprightly   little  journal   was 


the  Camden  Daily,  and  the  name  was  soon 
changed  to  the  Camden  Evening  Daily.  It 
was  started  January  4,  1858,  and  continued 
until  March  6th  of  the  same  year. 

The  Tribune  was  a  daily  paper  started  in 
September,  1875.  It  continued  to  be  pub- 
lished for  two  short  weeks  and  then  collapsed, 
its  effects  having  fallen  a  prey  to  an  officer  of 
the  law.  It  gently  succumbed  and  never 
recovered  from  the  disaster  that  so  defiantly 
caused  its  untimely  death  and  burial. 

The  Post,  the  first  daily  of  Camden  that 
succeeded  and  became  a  permanently  estab- 
lished journal,  was  founded  on  October  2, 
1875,  by  Henry  L.  Bonsall,  Bartram  L. 
Bonsall  and  Jacob  C.  Mayhew.  It  was  first 
issued  as-  an  independent  daily  and  sold  at 
two  cents  a  copy.  Its  office  was  originally 
at  205  Federal  Street,  where  the  type  was 
set,  and  the  paper  was  run  off  at  the  Camden 
Democrat  office. 

The  edition  for  the  first  year  was  small, 
and  the  patronage  was  not  very  encouraging. 
The  enterprising  publishers,  however,  held 
that  if  they  could  continue  the  publication 
of  the  paper  one  year,  the  public  would  con- 
clude that  it  had  come  to  stay.  The  office 
was  moved  to  116  Federal  Street  and  a  new 
press  purchased.  At  the  close  of  the  first 
year  the  circulation  was  not  more  than  three 
hundred.  The  price  was  reduced  to  one 
cent  per  copy  and  the  patronage  was  thus 
greatly  increased.  Jacob  C.  Mayhew  retired 
from  his  connection  with  the  paper,  and 
Charles  Whitecar  and  W.  E.  Schoch,  now 
editor  of  the  Woodbury  Liberal  Press,  be- 
came members  of  the  firm.  The  Bonsalls 
soon  afterward  became  sole  proprietors. 
The  determined  policy  of  the  Post,  in  bold 
and  defiant  attacks  upon  public  wrong-doing, 
gave  it  prestige  and  popularity  and  won 
for  it  many  firm  friends.  It  became  an 
Independent  Republican  paper  and  has 
maintained  that  policy  to  date,  being  recog- 
nized as  a  fearless  advocate  of  the  rights 
of  the  people  and  a  faithful  chronicler  of 


328 


HISTOKY  OP  CAMDEN  COIFNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


February  24,  1886,  by  James  M.  Fitzgerald 
and  Alvah  M.  Smith.  The  paper  is  Democratic 
in  politics.  A  feature  of  the  enterprise  was  the 
construction  of  a  telegraph  line  from  the 
office,  95  Federal  Street,  to  Coopers  Point, 
where  connection  was  made  with  the  Balti- 
more and  Ohio  cables.  By  this  means  the 
journal  secured,  in  fact,  became  a  part  of,  the 
eastern  circuit  of  the  United  Press  system, 
and  by  locating  an  operator  in  their  office, 
received  dispatches  direct.  It  is  the  only 
journal  in  the  State  having  a  direct  tele- 
graphic news  service.  On  September  16th, 
Mr.  Fitzgerald  purchased  the  one-third  in- 
terest of  Mr.  Smith,  and  the  latter  retired 
from  the  business. 

The  New  Jersey  Temperance  Gazette 
was  established  in  1869  at  Vineland,  as  a 
monthly  publication,  under  the  name  of  the 
New  Jersey  Good  Templar,  N.  P.  Potter, 
editor.  With  varied  success  and  failure,  the 
paper  continued  to  be  published  under  the 
above  name  until  1875,  when  it  was  pur- 
chased by  J.  B.  Graw,  and  its  name  changed 
to  the  New  Jersey  Good  Templar  and  Tem- 
perance Gazette;  its  place  of  publication  was 
changed  from  Vineland  to  Toms  River.  In 
1881  the  paper  was  moved  to  Camden  and 
its  name  changed  to  the  Nem  Jersey  Temper- 
ance Gazette.  From  1881  to  1883  it  was 
published  as  an  Independent  Prohibition 
newspaper.  In  1883  it  began  to  advocate 
the  principles  of  the  Prohibition  party  and 
supported  Rev.  Solomon  Parsons  for  Gov- 
ernor of  New  Jersey.  From  that  time  on- 
ward it  advocated  and  defended  the  princi- 
ples of  the  Prohibition  party.  In  1884 
A.  C.  Graw  was  admitted  as  a  partner,  and 
the  Gazette  is  now  published  by  J.  B.  Graw 
&  Son,  at  131  Federal  Street,  Camden. 

Rev.  J.  B.  Graw,  D.D.,  editor  of  the 
Temperance  Gazette,  was  born  in  Rah  way, 
N.  J.,  October  24,  1832,  and  was  educated 
at  Rahway  and  Bloomfield  Seminaries,  and 
in  New  York  High  School.  He  was  ad- 
mitted iuto  the   New  Jersey  Annual  Confer- 


ence in  1855.  He  entered  the  United  States 
service  as  chaplain  in  September,  1861, 
having  taken  a  prominent  part  in  organizing 
a  company  of  volunteers.  For  a  few  months, 
while  in  the  service,  he  had  command  of  a 
regiment.  He  has  taken  a  deep  interest  iu 
the  temperance  cause,  assisting  in  the  State 
organization  in  1867,  and  occupying  one  of 
the  high&st  positions  for  five  years.  He 
represented  the  State  organization  in  various 
places  in  the  United  States,  and  was  sent  to 
London  as  a  delegate  in  1873.  He  also 
edited  the  New  Jersey  Gazette  for  several 
years.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  General 
Conference  of  1872  and  1876,  and  has  been 
a  member  of  the  book  couimittee  since  1875. 
He  has  served  as  trustee  of  Pennington 
Seminary  and  as  a  trustee  of  Dickinson  Col- 
lege. He  has  also  been  presiding  elder  on 
the  Burlington  and  New  Brunswick  Districts. 
The  Camden  County  Journal  is  a 
weekly,  printed  in  German,  and  was  established 
by  Alexander  Schlesinger,  in  March,  1883,  as 
the  first  newspaper  published  in  that  lan- 
guage in  Southwestern  New  Jersey.  The 
publisher,  who  had  thirteen  years'  experience 
as  a  managing  editor,  both  in  the  Fatherland 
and  in  this  country,  moved  from  Philadelphia 
to  Camden,  for  the  purpose  of  giving  the 
German  citizens  of  this  district  an  organ 
printed  in  their  own  language.  It  was  first 
issued  as  a  four-page  six-column  sheet.  It 
seemed,  indeed,  to  meet  a  long-felt  want,  for 
fifteen  weeks  later  it  came  out  regularly  with 
a  supplement  of  the  same  size.  After  four  more 
months  it  was  enlarged  to  eight  columns, 
and  after  an  existence  of  eleven  months  it 
greeted  its  readers  as  a  nine-column  sheet. 
The  paper  gained  popularity  when  it  en- 
couraged the  Germans  in  America  to  cele- 
brate the  6th  day  of  October,  1883,  the  bi- 
centennial of  the  foundation  of  Germantown, 
and  advocated  German  emigration  to  this 
country.  The  German  citizens,  aided  by  the 
mayor,  the  police  and  the  Fire  Department, 
turned  out  a  splendid  section  to  the  parade 


THE  PEESS. 


325 


teers,  whose  oflferings  were  in  too  many  cases 
worth  no  more  than  they  cost. 

In  1870  a  company  was  formed  as  the 
"  Camden  Democratic  Co-Operative  Associa- 
tion," the  incorporators  being  Thomas  Mc- 
Keen,  Isaiah  Woolston,  James  M.  Cassady, 
Chalkley  Albertson,  Cooper  P.  Browning, 
John  Clement,  William  Sexton,  Eichard  S. 
Jenkins,  Henry  Fredericks  and  James  S. 
Henry.  John  H.  Jones,  editor  of  the 
American  Banner,  the'organ  of  Native  Amer- 
icanism in  Philadelphia,  was  appointed  ed- 
itor, and  Lyman  B.  Cole,  manager.  Finan- 
cially, the  business  of  the  office  was  not  a 
success,  but  Jones  was  a  man  of  unpolished 
power,  talking  to  the  people  in  language  and 
of  subjects  they  understood,  and  with  an 
earnestness  which  carried  conviction  to  those 
appealed  to.  He  was  a  large-hearted  man, 
and  an  earnest  advocate  of  the  cause  of  the 
laboring  classes.  Under  his  regime  the 
Democrat  became  quite  popular,  and  wielded 
its  old-time  influence  in  the  community.  In 
1874  Jones  was  elected  mayor,  but  did  not 
live  to  serve  his  term  out,  his  death  taking 
place  in  1876.  The  paper  was  then  con- 
ducted for  a  time  by  Dr.  Thomas  Westcott 
and  Charles  G.  Dickinson,  stock-owners  in  the 
company,  and,  in  1878,  was  sold  to  Messrs. 
Wills  &  Semple,  the  former  at  that  time  as  now 
publisher  of  the  Mount  Holly  Herald.  Mr. 
Semple  assumed  editorial  control,  and  con- 
tinued to  direct  the  fortunes  of  the  paper  un- 
til June,  1884,  when  Mr.  Wills  purchased 
his  interest.  The  following  January  the 
paper  passed  into  the  hands  of  Messrs. 
Courter  &  Carpenter,  who,  in  turn,  six 
months  later,  transferred  the  property  to  C. 
S.  Magrath,  who,  for  fourteen  years,  had 
controlled  the  interests  of  the  Cape  May 
Wave.  Under  his  management  the  Demo- 
crat was  enlarged  to  a  thirty-six-column 
folio. 

The  first  attempt   to   publish    a  daily  in 
Camden    was   made   by  Judge   Grey.     The 
name   of  this   sprightly   little  journal   was 
86 


the  Camden  Daily,  and  the  name  was  soon 
changed  to  the   Camden  Evening  Daily.     It ' 
was  started  January  4,  1858,  and  continued 
until  March  6th  of  the  same  year. 

The  Tribune  was  a  daily  paper  started  in 
September,  1875.  It  continued  to  be  pub- 
lished for  two  short  weeks  and  then  collapsed, 
its  effects  having  fallen  a  prey  to  an  officer  of 
the  law.  It  gently  succumbed  and  never 
recovered  from  the  disaster  that  so  defiantly 
caused  its  untimely  death  and  burial. 

The  Post,  the  first  daily  of  Camden  that 
succeeded  and  became  a  permanently  estab- 
lished journal,  was  founded  on  October  2, 
1^75,  by  Henry  L.  Bonsall,  Bartram  L. 
Bonsall  and  Jacob  C.  Mayhew.  It  was  first 
issued  as  an  independent  daily  and  sold  at 
two  cents  a  copy.  Its  office  was  originally 
at  205  Federal  Street,  where  the  type  was 
set,  and  the  paper  was  run  off  at  the  Camden 
Democrat  office. 

The  edition  for  the  first  year  was  small, 
and  the  patronage  was  not  very  encouraging. 
The  enterprising  publishers,  however,  held 
that  if  they  could  continue  the  publication 
of  the  paper  one  year,  the  public  would  con- 
clude that  it  had  come  to  stay.  The  office 
was  moved  to  116  Federal  Street  and  a  new 
press  purchased.  At  the  close  of  the  first 
year  the  circulation  was  not  more  than  three 
hundred.  The  price  was  reduced  to  one 
cent  per  copy  and  the  patronage  was  thus 
greatly  increased.  Jacob  C.  Mayhew  retired 
from  his  connection  with  the  paper,  and 
Charles  Whitecar  and  W.  E.  Schoch,  now 
editor  of  the  Woodbury  Liberal  Press,  be- 
came members  of  the  firm.  The  Bonsalls 
soon  afterward  became  sole  proprietors. 
The  determined  policy  of  the  Post,  in  bold 
and  defiant  attacks  upon  public  wrong-doing, 
gave  it  prestige  and  popularity  and  won 
for  it  many  firm  friends.  It  became  an 
Independent  Kepublican  paper  and  has 
maintained  that  policy  to  date,  being  recog- 
nized as  a  fearless  advocate  of  the  rights 
of  the  people  and  a  faithful  chronicler  of 


328 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


February  24,  1886,  by  James  M.  Fitzgerald 
and  Alvah  M.  Smith.  The  paper  is  Democratic 
in  politics.  A  feature  of  the  enterprise  was  the 
construction  of  a  telegraph  line  from  the 
office,  95  Federal  Street,  to  Coopers  Point, 
where  connection  was  made  with  the  Balti- 
more and  Ohio  cables.  By  this  means  the 
journal  secured,  in  fact,  became  a  part  of,  the 
eastern  circuit  of  the  United  Press  system, 
and  by  locating  an  operator  in  their  office, 
received  dispatches  direct.  It  is  the  only 
journal  in  the  State  having  a  direct  tele- 
graphic news  service.  On  September  16th, 
Mr.  Fitzgerald  purchased  the  one-third  in- 
terest of  Mr.  Smith,  and  the  latter  retired 
from  the  business. 

The  New  Jersey  Temperance  Gazette 
was  established  in  1869  at  Vineland,  as  a 
monthly  publication,  under  the  name  of  the 
New  Jersey  Good  Templar,  N.  P.  Potter, 
editor.  With  varied  success  and  failure,  the 
paper  continued  to  be  published  under  the 
above  name  until  1876,  when  it  was  pur- 
chased by  J.  B.  Graw,  and  its  name  changed 
to  the  New  Jersey  Good  Templar  and  Tem- 
perance Gazette;  its  place  of  publication  was 
changed  from  Vineland  to  Toms  River.  In 
1881  the  paper  was  moved  to  Camden  and 
its  name  changed  to  the  New  Jersey  Temper- 
ance Gazette.  From  1 881  to  1883  it  was 
published  as  an  Independent  Prohibition 
newspaper.  In  1883  it  began  to  advocate 
the  principles  of  the  Prohibition  party  and 
supported  Rev.  Solomon  Parsons  for  Gov- 
ernor of  New  Jersey.  From  that  time  on- 
ward it  advocated  and  defended  the  princi- 
ples of  the  Prohibition  party.  In  1884 
A.  C.  Graw  was  admitted  as  a  partner,  and 
the  Gazette  is  now  published  by  J.  B.  Graw 
&  Son,  at  131  Federal  Street,  Camden. 

Rev.  J.  B.  Graw,  D.D.,  editor  of  the 
Temperance  Gazette,  was  born  in  Rahway, 
N.  J.,  October  24,  1832,  and  was  educated 
at  Rahway  and  Bloomfield  Seminaries,  and 
in  New  York  High  School.  He  was  ad- 
mitted into  the   New  Jersey  Annual  Confer- 


ence in  1856.     He  entered  the  United  States 
service    as   chaplain    in   September,    1861, 
having  taken  a  prominent  part  in  organizing 
a  company  of  volunteers.    For  a  few  months, 
while   in  the  service,  he  had  command  of  a 
regiment.     He  has  taken  a  deep  interest  in 
the  temperance  cause,  assisting  in  the  State 
organization  in  1867,  and  occupying  one  of 
the  highest   positions   for  five   years.      He 
represented  the  State  organization  in  various 
places  in  the  United  States,  and  was  sent  to 
London    as   a   delegate  in  1873.      He  also 
edited   the    New  Jersey  Gazette   for   several 
years.     He  was  a  delegate   to   the  General 
Conference  of  1872  and  1876,  and  has  been 
a  member  of  the  book  committee  since  1875. 
He   has   served  as    trustee   of    Pennington 
Seminary  and  as  a  trustee  of  Dickinson  Col- 
lege.    He  has  also  been  presiding  elder  on 
the  Burlington  and  New  Brunswick  Districts. 
The   Camden   County    Journal   is  a 
weekly,  printed  in  German,  and  was  established 
by  Alexander  Schlesinger,  in  March,  1883,  as 
the  first  newspaper  published   in   that  lan- 
guage  in    Southwestern  New  Jersey.     The 
publisher,  who  had  thirteen  years'  experience 
as  a  managing  editor,  both  in  the  Fatherland 
and  in  this  country,  moved  from  Philadelphia 
to   Camden,   for  the  purpose  of  giving  the 
German  citizens    of  this  district  an   organ 
printed  in  their  own  language.      It  was  first 
issued  as  a  four-page  six-column  sheet.     It 
seemed,  indeed,  to  meet  a  long-felt  want,  for 
fifteen  weeks  later  it  came  out  regularly  with 
a  supplement  of  the  same  size.  After  four  more 
months   it  was   enlarged  to    eight  columns, 
and  after  an   existence  of  eleven  months  it 
greeted  its  readers  as  a  nine-column  sheet. 
The   paper   gained   popularity   when  it  en- 
couraged   the  Germans  in  America  to  cele- 
brate the  6th   day  of  October,  1883,  the  bi- 
centennial of  the  foundation  of  Germantown, 
and  advocated    German    emigration  to  this 
country.     The  German  citizens,  aided  by  the 
mayor,  the  police  and  the  Fire  Department, 
turned  out  a  splendid  section  to  the  .parade 


THE  PRESS. 


329 


held  in  Philadelphia  under  the  auspices  of 
the  German-American  Bi-Centennial  Exec- 
utive Committee.  Since  1884  the  paper  has 
been  the  main  instrument  to  build  up  a  Ger- 
man settlement  in  the  so-called  Liberty  Park, 
in  the  Eighth  Ward  of  Carnden.  The  paper 
is  Independent-Democratic  in  politics. 

Alexander  Schlesinger  was  born  at 
Breslau,  Gei'many,  in  1853  ;  was  educated  in 
schools  of  his  native  city,  and  studied  politi- 
cal economy  in  the  University  of  Berlin. 
He  was  next  employed  as  a  clerk  in  Paris, 
and  was  also  a  newspaper  correspondent. 
He  then  returned  to  Breslau,  where  he  was  a 
reporter  on  the  Wahrheit,  and  afterward 
editor  on  the  daily  Freie  Presse  of  Magde- 
burg. In  1878  he  came  to  America  and  be- 
came a  correspondent  of  a  New'  York  Ger- 
man newspaper,  and  in  1879  came  to  Phila- 
delphia as  the  editor  of  the  Tageblatt  of  that 
city. 

The  New  Jersey  Coast  Pilot  was 
first  issued  in  1882,  T.  F.  Rose  as  editor  and 
manager.  It  is  published  weekly.  It  is  de- 
voted to  the  development  of  the  coast  interest ; 
its  circulation  is  confined  principally  to  its 
patrons  along  the  coast  of  New  Jersey. 
Its  present  editor  and  proprietor  is  G.  W. 
Marshall. 

The  Methodist  Herald,  published  in 
the  interest  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  in  New  Jersey,  was  established  Jan- 
uary 1,  1886,  by  the  present  editor  and 
publisher,  Rev.  Robert  J.  Andrews.  It 
issues  monthly  at  fifty  cents  a  year,  and  is  a 
folio,  twenty  by  twenty-four  inches,  six 
columns  to  the  page. 

Gloucester  has  had  two  newspapers, — the 
Gloucester  City  Reporter  and  the  Gloucester 
Oity  Weekly  Tribune..  There  have  been  others 
published  elsewhere  which  sought  a  circula- 
tion in  Gloucester,  but  their  stay  was  short. 
The  Reporter  was  published  by  a  company, 
of  which  James  P.  Michellon,  Frederick  P. 
Pfeiffer  and  James  E.  Hayes  were  the 
principal  stockholders.     The  paper  was  pub- 


lished weekly,  and  the  first  number  was 
issued  November  15,  li874.  The  office  was 
over  the  bank  building  at  the  corner  of 
Monmouth  and  King  Streets,  afterwards  re- 
moved to  King  Street,  above  Hudson,  and 
in  1885  to  Camden.  The  Reporter  at  one 
time  exercised  considerable  influence,  and  its 
views  on  the  questions  of  the  day  were  quoted 
and  discussed  throughout  the  State.  In  1885 
it  was  purchased  by  Sickler  &  Rose,  of  the 
New  Jersey  Coast  Pilot,  and  by  them  sold  to 
James  M.  Fitzgerald,  of  the  Camden  Even- 
ing Telegram;  from  that  office  it  is  now  pub- 
lished. The  editors  and  managers,  while  it 
was  owned  by  the  Printing  and  Publishing 
Company,  were  Professor  William  Burns, 
John  T.  Brautigam,  Thomas  R.  Hamilton, 
John  H.  McMurray,  Benjamin  M.  Braker 
and  Frederick  H.  Antrim. 

TheM^'EEKLY  Tribune,  of  Gloucester,  was 
published  by  Thos.  R.  Hamilton  and  John  H. 
McMurray.  The  first  number  was  issued  in 
April,  1882.  On  the  1st  of  January,  1883, 
they  sold  out  to  A.  Aden  Powell,  who  pub- 
lished it  until  May,  1884,  when  it  was  united 
with  the  Reporter. 

William  Taylor  started  a  paper  in  Had- 
donfield  and  continued  it  for  a  year  or  more. 
Charles  Whitecar  also  published  a  paper  for 
a  time  in  that  interesting  town. 

South  Jersey  News,  of  Haddonfield, 
first  saw  light  on  February  2,  1882.  Its 
original  name  was  The  Directory,  and  was 
founded  by  its  present  owner,  H.  D.  Speak- 
man,  who  was  an  invalid;  yet  possessing 
plenty  of  enterprise,  presented  to  the  people 
of  his  town  a  little  seven  and  three-fourths 
by  eleven-inch  sheet,  three  columns  to  a  page 
and  two  pages.  He  printed  and  gratuitously 
distributed  one  thousand  copies  per  week, 
thus  establishing  a  good  circulation.  The 
proprietor  kept  on  increasing  the  size,  and, 
in  a  few  months,  commenced  a  subscription 
price  of  fifty  cents  per  year.  This  was  cheei-- 
fully  responded  to  by  the  people  and  the 
name  was  altered  to  the  present  one.     The 


332 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


1763  and  1826,  was  published  in  book-form 
during  the  last-mentioned  year,  in  an  octavo 
volume  of  one  hundred  and  seventy-two 
pages.  It  is  a  very  readable  book,  is  well 
written  and  illustrates  that  he  was  an  earnest 
and  faithful  worker  to  advance  the  trutli  of 
the  Gospel  and  the  interest  of  his  religious 
society. 

He  died  near  Camden  on  the  13th  day  of 
October,  1826,  in  the  seventieth  year  of  his 
age,  having  been  a  minister  over  forty  years. 
His  "  Journal"  was  published  under  the  auspi- 
ces of  Haddonfield  Monthly  Meeting,  which 
paid  a  glowing  tribute  to  his  memory. 

Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulfokd,  of  Camden  (a 
biography  of  whom  will  be  found  in  the 
medical  chapter  of  this  work),  was  a  lec- 
turer on  medical  and  scientific  subjects, 
and  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  arti- 
cles which  appeared  in  medical  journals. 
In  1848  he  published  a  work  of  five  hun- 
I  di'ed  pages,  entitled  a  "  Civil  and  Political 
History  of  New  Jersey."  It  is  written  in 
elegant  English,  and  is  recognized  as  a  work 
of  historic  merit. 

Isaac  Micklb,  whose  biography  will  be 
found  on  page  221,  obtained  a  liberal  educa- 
tion, with  a  view  fo  the  practice  of  the  law, 
and  was  granted  an  attorney's  license  in  1 845. 
His  tastes,  however,  were  more  for  literature 
and  antiquarian  research,  and  in  the  course 
of  his  short  life  collected  much  valuable 
material  in  that  direction.  He  became  editor 
of  the  Caraden  Demoorat  and  managed  that 
paper  with  ability  for  several  years.  He 
was  author  of  the  "  Reminiscences  of  Old 
Gloucester,"  in  which  work  his  industry  and 
good  judgment  are  manifest,  saving  from  loss 
many  facts  and  incidents  relating  to  the  first 
setttlements  along  the  Delaware  River. 

Dr.  L.  F.  Fisler,  whose  biography  will 
be  found  in  the  medical  chapter  of  this  work, 
in  1858  wrote  and  published  a  local  history 
of  Camden,  a  carefully-prepared  little  vol- 
ume of  sixty-two  pages,  containing  much 
interesting  information. 


JoHK  Clement,  who,  since  1864,  has  been 
lay  judge  of  the  Court  of  Errors  and  Ap- 
peals, has  turned  much  of  his  time  to  anti- 
quarian literature  and  the  examination  of 
original  documents.  This  Hue  of  study  and 
investigation  led  him  to  prepare  a  very  val- 
uable book,  entitled  "  The  First  Settlers  of 
Newton,"  containing  four  hundred  and  forty- 
two  pages,  published  in  1877.  Judge  Clem- 
ent later  wrote  and  published  the  "  Re- 
miniscences of  Old  Gloucester  County  in  the 
Revolution"  and  "The  West  New  Jersey 
Society,"  and  has  contributed  numerous  ar- 
ticles on  historical  subjects  to  the  current 
magazines  and  the  local  newspapers. 

Walt  Whitman  was  born  at  West  Hills, 
Huntington,  Suffolk  County,  State  of  New 
York,  May  31,  1819  ;  father,  a  farmer  and 
carpenter,  descended  from  early  English 
immigration  ;  mother's  maiden-name.  Van 
Velsor,  of  Holland-Dutch  stock ;  was 
brought  up  in  Brooklyn  and  New  York 
Cities  and  went  to  the  public  schools ;  as  a 
young  man,  worked  at  type-setting  and  writ- 
ing in  printing-offices  ;  has  traveled  and  lived 
in  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  from  Canada 
to  Texas,  inclusive;  began  his  book  of 
poems — "  Leaves  of  Grass  " — in  1855,  and 
completed  it  in  1881,  when,  after  six  or 
seven  stages,  the  final  edition  was  issued. 
Mr.  Whitman  is  also  author  of  a  prose  book, 
— "  Specimen  Days  and  Collect," — publish- 
ed in  1883.  During  1863, '64  and '65,  he  was 
actively  occupied  in  the  army  hospitals  and 
on  the  battle-fields  of  the  Secession  War,  as 
care-taker  for  the  worst  cases  of  the  wounded 
and  sick  of  both  armies.  A  little  while  af- 
ter the  close  of  the  war,  he  had  a  severe  para- 
lytic stroke,  from  which  he  has  never  since 
entirely  recovered  ;  lives  in  partial  seclusion 
in  Camden,  N.  J.;  calls  himself "  a  half- 
paralytic  ;"  still  writes  and  lectures  occasion- 
ally. 

The  foregoing  paragraph  (from  a  late 
book,  by  Allen  Thorndike  Rice)  gives  a  con- 
densed but  correct  statement  of  the  life  of  Mr. 


THE  PRESS. 


329 


held  in  Philadelphia  under  the  auspices  of 
the  German-American  Bi-Centennial  Exec- 
utive Committee.  Since  1884  the  paper  has 
been  the  main  instrument  to  build  up  a  Ger- 
man settlement  in  the  so-called  Liberty  Park, 
in  the  Eighth  Ward  of  Camden.  The  paper 
is  Independent-Democratic  in  politics. 

Alexander  Schlesinger  was  born  at 
Breslau,  Germany,  in  1853  ;  was  educated  in 
schools  of  his  native  city,  and  studied  politi- 
cal economy  in  the  University  of  Berlin. 
He  was  next  employed  as  a  clerk  in  Paris, 
and  was  also  a  newspaper  correspondent. 
He  then  returned  to  Breslau,  where  he  was  a 
reporter  on  the  Wahrhdt,  and  afterward 
editor  on  the  daily  Freie  Presse  of  Magde- 
burg. In  1878  he  came  to  America  and  be- 
came a  correspondent  of  a  New  York  Ger- 
man newspaper,  and  in  1879  came  to  Phila- 
delphia as  the  editor  of  the  Tagehlatt  of  that 
city. 

The  New  Jersey  Coast  Pilot  was 
first  issued  in  1882,  T.  F.  Rose  as  editor  and 
manager.  It  is  published  weekly.  It  is  de- 
voted to  the  development  of  the  coast  interest ; 
its  circulation  is  confined  principally  to  its 
patrons  along  the  coast  of  New  Jersey. 
Its  present  editor  and  proprietor  is  G.  W. 
Marshall. 

The  Methodist  Herald,  published  in 
the  interest  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  in  New  Jersey,  was  established  Jan- 
uary 1,  1886,  by  the  present  editor  and 
publisher,  Eev.  Robert  J.  Andrews.  It 
issues  monthly  at  fifty  cents  a  year,  and  is  a 
folio,  twenty  by  twenty-four  inches,  six 
columns  to  the  page. 

Gloucester  has  had  two  newspapers, — ^the 
Gloucester  Oity  Reporter  and  the  Gloucester 
OUy  Weekly  Tribune.  There  have  been  others 
published  elsewhere  which  sought  a  circula- 
tion in  Gloucester,  but  their  stay  was  short. 
The  Reporter  was  published  by  a  company, 
of  which  James  P.  Michellon,  Frederick  P. 
Pfeiffer  and  James  E.  Hayes  were  the 
principal  stockholders.     The  paper  was  pub- 


lished weekly,  and  the  first  number  was 
issued  November  15,  1874.  The  office  was 
over  the  bank  building  at  the  corner  of 
Monmouth  and  King  Streets,  afterwards  re- 
moved to  King  Street,  above  Hudson,  and 
in  1885  to  Camden.  The  Reporter  at  one 
time  exercised  considerable  influence,  and  its 
views  on  the  questions  of  the  day  were  quoted 
and  discussed  throughout  the  State.  In  1885 
it  was  purchased  by  Sickler  &  Rose,  of  the 
New  Jersey  Coast  Pilot,  and  by  them  sold  to 
James  M.  Fitzgerald,  of  the  Camden  Even- 
ing Telegram;  from  that  office  it  is  now  pub- 
lished. The  editors  and  managers,  while  it 
was  owned  by  the  Printing  and  Publishing 
Company,  were  Professor  William  Burns, 
John  T.  Brautigam,  Thomas  R.  Hamilton, 
John  H.  McMurray,  Benjamin  M.  Braker 
and  Frederick  H.  Antrim. 

The  Weekly  Tribune,  of  Gloucester,  was 
published  by  Thos.  R.  Hamilton  and  John  H. 
McMurray.  The  first  number  was  issued  in 
April,  1882.  On  the  1st  of  January,  1883, 
they  sold  out  to  A.  Aden  Powell,  who  pub- 
lished it  until  May,  1884,  when  it  was  united 
with  the  Reporter. 

William  Taylor  started  a  paper  in  Had- 
donfield  and  continued  it  for  a  year  or  more. 
Charles  Whitecar  also  published  a  paper  for 
a  time  in  that  interesting  town. 

South  Jersey  News,  of  Haddonfield, 
first  saw  light  on  February  2,  1882.  Its 
original  name  was  The  Directory,  and  was 
founded  by  its  present  owner,  H.  D.  Speak- 
man,  who  was  an  invalid;  yet  possessing 
plenty  of  enterprise,  presented  to  the  people 
of  his  town  a  little  seven  and  three-fourths 
by  eleven-inch  sheet,  three  columns  to  a  page 
and  two  pages.  He  printed  and  gratuitously 
distributed  one  thousand  copies  per  week, 
thus  establishing  a  good  circulation.  The 
proprietor  kept  on  increasing  the  size,  and, 
in  a  few  months,  commenced  a  subscription 
price  of  fifty  cents  per  year.  This  was  cheer- 
fully responded  to  by  the  people  and  the 
name  was  altered  to  the  present  one.     The 


332 


HISTOEY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


1763  and  1826,  was  published  in  book-form 
during  the  last-mentioned  year,  in  an  octavo 
volume  of  one  hundred  and  seventy-two 
pages.  It  is  a  very  readable  book,  is  well 
written  and  illiistrates  that  he  was  an  earnest 
and  faithful  worker  to  advance  the  truth  of 
the  Gospel  and  the  interest  of  his  religious 
society. 

He  died  near  Camden  on  the  13th  day  of 
October,  1826,  in  the  seventieth  year  of  his 
age,  having  been  a  minister  over  forty  years. 
His  "  Journal"  was  published  under  the  auspi- 
ces of  Haddonfield  Monthly  Meeting,  which 
paid  a  glowing  tribute  to  his  hiemory. 

Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford,  of  Camden  (a 
biography  of  whom  will  be  found  in  the 
medical  chapter  of  this  work),  was  a  lec- 
turer oh  medical  and  scientific  subjects, 
and  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  arti- 
cles which  appeared  in  medical  journals. 
In  1848  he  published  a  work  of  five  hun- 
dred pages,  entitled  a  "  Civil  and  Political 
History  of  New  Jersey."  It  is  written  in 
elegant  English,  and  is  recognized  as  a  work 
of  historic  merit. 

Isaac  Micklb,  whose  biography  will  be 
found  on  page  221,  obtained  a  liberal  educa- 
tion, with  a  view  to  the  practice  of  the  law, 
and  was  granted  an  attorney's  license  in  1 846. 
His  tastes,  however,  were  more  for  literature 
and  antiquarian  research,  and  in  the  course 
of  his  short  life  collected  much  valuable 
material  in  that  direction.  He  became  editor 
of  the  Camden  Democrat  and  managed  that 
paper  with  ability  for  several  years.  He 
was  author  of  the  "  Reminiscences  of  Old 
Gloucester,"  in  which  work  his  industry  and 
good  judgment  are  manifest,  saving  from  loss 
many  facts  and  incidents  relating  to  the  first 
setttlements  along  the  Delaware  River. 

Dr.  L.  F.  Fisler,  whose  biography  will 
be  found  in  the  medical  chapter  of  this  work, 
in  1858  wrote  and  published  a  local  history 
of  Camden,  a  carefully-prepared  little  vol- 
ume of  sixty-two  pages,  containing  much 
interesting  information. 


John  Clement,  who,  since  1864,  has  been 
lay  judge  of  the  Court  of  Errors  and  Ap- 
peals, has  turned  much  of  his  time  to  anti- 
quarian literature  and  the  examination  of 
original  documents.  This  line  of  study  and 
investigation  led  him  to  prepare  a  very  val- 
uable book,  entitled  "  The  First  Settlers  of 
Newton,"  containing  four  hundred  and  forty- 
two  pages,  published  in  1877.  Judge  Clem- 
ent later  wrote  and  published  the  "  Re- 
miniscences of  Old  Gloucester  County  in  the 
Revolution"  and  "  The  West  New  Jersey 
Society,"  and  has  contributed  numerous  ar- 
ticles on  historical  subjects  to  the  current 
magazines  and  the  local  newspapers. 

Walt  Whitman  was  born  at  West  Hills, 
Huntington,  Suffolk  County,  State  of  New 
York,  May  31,  1819  ;  father,  a  farmer  and 
carpenter,  descended  from  early  English 
immigration  ;  mother's  maiden-name.  Van 
Velsor,  of  Holland-Dutch  stock ;  was 
brought  up  in  Brooklyn  and  New  York 
Cities  and  went  to  the  public  schools ;  as  a 
young  man,  worked  at  type-setting  and  writ- 
ing in  printing-offices  ;  has  traveled  and  lived 
in  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  from  Canada 
to  Texas,  inclusive;  began  his  book  of 
poems — "  Leaves  of  Grass  " — in  1865,  and 
completed  it  in  1881,  when,  after  six  or 
seven  stages,  the  final  edition  was  issued. 
Mr.  Whitman  is  also  author  of  a  prose  book, 
— "  Specimen  Days  and  Collect,'' — publish- 
ed in  1883.  During  1863,  '64  and  '65;  he  was 
actively  occupied  in  the  army  hospitals  and 
on  the  battle-fields  of  the  Secession  War,  as 
care-taker  for  the  wOrst  cases  of  the  wounded 
and  sick  of  both  armies.  A  little  while  af- 
ter the  close  of  the  war,  he  had  a  severe  para- 
lytic stroke,  from  which  he  has  never  since 
entirely  recovered  ;  lives  in  partial  seclusion 
in  Camden,  N.  J. ;  calls  himself "  a  half- 
paralytic  ;"  still  writes  and  lectures  occasion- 
ally. 

The  foregoing  paragraph  (from  a  late 
book,  by  Allen  Thorndike  Rice)  gives  a  con- 
densed but  correct  statement  of  the  life  of  Mr." 


AUTHORS  AND  SCIENTISTS. 


333 


Whitman,  who  has  been  a  resident  of  Cam- 
den for  over  thirteen  years, — since  1873.  In 
addition  to  the  two  volumes  mentioned 
above,  must  be  named  a  third  one, — "  No- 
vember Boughs," — now  about  appearing,  and 
which  will,  probably,  complete  the  author's 
utterances.  One  of  Whitman's  critics  says  : 
"  He  is  the  greatest  optimist  that  ever  lived, 
and  believes  that  America  leads  the  world." 

At  the  present  date  (November,  1886)  he 
is  dwelling  in  a  little  cottage  of  his  own, 
328  Mickle  Street,  Camden,  not  far  from  the 
Delaware  River.  In  person  he  is  large, 
ruddy-faced,  white-haired,  long-bearded, 
stout  and  tall,  and  weighs  two  hundred 
pounds  ;  his  mental  powers  clear  as  ever, 
but  his  body  disabled  in  movement,  the 
legs  almost  entirely.  He  is  unmarried  and 
lives  in  a  very  plain  and  democratic  manner. 
His  books  yield  a  narrow  income.  In  a  late 
notice,  by  one  of  his  friends,  it  is  said  "  the 
older  he  grows,  the  more  gay-hearted  Walt 
Whitman  becomes."  His  works  are,  prob- 
ably, more  read  in  Europe,  especially  the 
British  Islands,  than  in  America. 

Dr.  Reynell  Coates,  a  sketch  of  whom 
will  be  found  on  page  247,  possessed  one  of 
the  most  brilliant  intellects  of  the  State  of 
New  Jersey.  He  was  well-educated  in  the 
classics,  in  the  natural  sciences  and  in  general 
literature.  Although  a  physician  by  pro- 
fession, he  devoted  most  of  his  time  to  liter- 
ary pursuits.  In  1852  he  was  nominated 
for  Vice-President  on  the  Native  American 
ticket,  with  Daniel  Webster  for  President. 
He  moved  to  Camden  about  1850.  He  was 
the  author  of  "  Leaflets  of  Memory," 
"  School  of  Physiology,"  "  Domestic  Prac- 
tice "  and  other  well-known  works.  He  de- 
livered a  lecture,  in  1836,  before  the  Phila- 
delphia County  Medical  Society,  on  the 
"Necessity  for  the  Improvement  and  Ad- 
vancement of  Medical  Education,"  and 
delivered  a  series  of  very  successful  lectures 
in  Boston  and  elsewhere.  He  was  a  power- 
ful and  logical  speaker,  having  a  fine  phys- 
39 


ique,  commanding  presence  and  graceful 
delivery,  while  his  mental  grasp  of  his 
subject,  whether  purely  professional,  politi- 
cal, philosophical  or  literary,  carried  convic- 
tion with  it  and  made  him  one  of  the  men 
of  mark  of  his  day.  He  was  intimately 
associated  with  Poe,  Willis,  Griswold  and 
other  literary  lights.  It  always  annoyed  him 
to  think  that  of  all  his  literary  productions, 
the  one  holding  the  most  prominent  place, 
and  yet  popular,  is  "  The  Gambler's  Wife," 
which  he  always  contended  was  marred  by 
an  addition  for  "  stage  effects." 

Edward  D.  Cope,  the  distinguished 
scholar  and  scientist,  resided  fox  a  number  of 
years  in  the  village  of  Haddonfield,  where  he 
performed  a  considerable  portion  of  the  sci- 
entific investigations  which  have  made  his 
name  famous.  He  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
in  1840.  In  early  life  he  manifested  an  es- 
pecial predilection  for  the  study  of  the  nat- 
ural sciences,  and  while  a  mere  youth  had 
mastered  the  more  complex  aspects  which  a 
close  investigation  of  the  anatomy  and  mor- 
phology of  animal  life  revealed.  He  received 
his  first  systematic  training  in  the  Acad- 
emy of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia, 
towards  the  extension  of  whose  vast  collec- 
tions he  subsequently  very  materially  assisted. 
His  earliest  published  contributions  to  science 
were  in  the  departments  of  herpetology  and 
ichthyology,  in  both  of  which  fields  he  be- 
came a  recognized  authority.  He  next  ex- 
plored the  fields  of  vertebrate  paleontology, 
and  now  probably  has  no  peer  in  this  de- 
partment of  scientific  knowledge,  his  discov- 
eries being  made  principally  in  the  Western 
Territories.  The  repeated  annual  expeditions 
to  the  region  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  partly 
in  conjunction  with  the  explorations  of  the 
United  States  Geological  Survey,  but  dur- 
ing the  past  few  years  conducted  at  his 
own  individual  expense,  have  brought  forth 
a  wealth  of  departed  animal  forms,  bewild- 
ering in  the  manifold  types  of  structure 
which  they  embody.     These,  which  are  to  be 


334 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


counted  by  hundreds  of  species,  fishes,  amphib- 
ious reptiles  and  mammals,  throw  surpris- 
ing light  on  the  evolution  or  genesis  of  life- 
forms,  and  render  comprehensible  the  com- 
plexities of  type  structure  which  we  find  rep- 
resented in  the  living  fauna  of  the  present 
day.  Professor  Cope  is  a  firm  upholder  of 
the  doctrine  of  evolution,  but  inclines  to  the 
Lamarckian  hy])othesis  of  transformism,  or 
to  that  explanation  of  the  phenomena  of  var- 
iation which  involves  the  assistance  of  the 
immediate  mechanical  law,  rather  than  to 
pure  Darwinism. 

His  paleontological  explorations  were  prin- 
cipally among  the  Permian  deposits  of  Texas 
and  New  Mexico,  the  Cretaceous  deposits  of 
New  Jersey  ("  greeusands  ")  and  the  West, 
the  Laramie  beds  and  the  Tertiaries  of  the 
Central  Basin,  but  his  excursions  are  also  in 
great  measure  extra-limital,  embracing  Mex- 
ico, South  America,  etc.,  etc.  His  observa- 
tions are  embodied  in  several  ponderous  vol- 
umes, published  under  the  authority  of  the 
United  States  Geological  Survey,  in  greater 
part  contributions  to  the  Hayden  series  of 
reports,  and  in  many  papers  published  in 
the  Amerioan  Naturalist  (of  which  he  is  the 
responsible  editor),  the  Proceedings  and  Jour- 
nal of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  and 
the  Transactions  of  the  American  Philosoph- 
ical Society.  Professor  Cope  is  a  member 
of  numerous  scientific  associations  of  this 
country  and  Europe,  and  was  the  recipient  of 
the  Bigsby  gold  medal  of  the  Geological  So- 
ciety of  London  in  1879.  The  University 
of  Heidelberg  conferred  upon  him  its  doc- 
torate in  1886,  and  distinguished  honors  have 
been  placed  upon  him  by  many  of  the  learn- 
ed societies  of  the  world. 

Charles  F.  Parker,  a  well-known  bota- 
nist, and  for  a  number  of  years,  and  up  to  the 
time  of  his  death,  curator-in-charge  of  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia, 
was  born  in  that  city  November  9,  1820, 
and  died  in  Camden  September  7,  1883, 
where  he  had  resided  .since  1853.     He  was  a 


book-binder  by  trade,  but  was  much  interested 
in  the  natural  sciences,  and  had  made  collec- 
tions of  plants,  shells,  insects  and  minerals. 
His  herbarium,  purchased  immediately  after 
his  death  by  Princeton  College,  was  partic- 
ularly rich  in  the  flora  of  New  Jersey.  No 
other  botanist  had  made  so  many  visits  to 
the  vast  pine  barrens  and  swamps  of  the 
State,  or  had  collected  so  extensively ;  and 
this  collection  is  one  of  the  finest  and  most 
perfect  in  existence,  a  monument  of  his  skill, 
energy  and  patience.  Before  he  became  a 
member  of  the  academy,  in  1865,  he  was  well- 
known  to  Gray,  Torrey,  Watson  and  other 
distinguished  botanists.  Many  of  his  speci- 
mens to-day  enrich  the  herbariums  of 
scientists  and  institutions  both  in  Europe  and 
America.  At  the  desire  of  Darwin,  he  made 
for  him  a  collection  of  American  insect-eat- 
ing plants.  He  was  one  of  the  first  to  dis- 
cover that  the  ballast  deposits  in  and  around 
Philadelphia  and  Camden  afforded  a  new 
field  for  botanical  study.  His  conchological 
knowledge  frequently  enabled  him  to  de- 
termine, from  occasional  fragments  of  shells, 
the  part  of  the  world  from  which  the  strange 
plants  found  in  these  deposits  had  come. 

Born  a  naturalist,  he  had  an  innate  faculty 
for  classifying,  selecting  and  arranging,  com- 
bined with  nice  tactual  and  great  manual 
dexterity.  Prof.  Grey  said  his  mounted 
specimens  were  unrivaled.  A  great  part  of 
the  academy's  collection,  so  diverse  and  so 
extensive,  bears  evidence  of  his  skill,  labor, 
taste  and  pains.  During  the  ten  years  of 
his  administration  as  curator-in-charge  the 
actual  manual  work  of  arrangement,  as  well 
as  the  general  scientific  determination  of 
much  of  the  material  added  during  that  time, 
besides  much  that  was  on  hand,  but  still 
unclassified,  was  performed  by  himself. 

Soon  after  becoming  a  member  he  devoted 
all  the  time  he  could  spare  from  his  bindery, 
and,  with  Messrs.  Durand,  Meehan,  Burke 
and  Redfield,  rearranged  the  academy's  her- 
barium.   There,  alone,  he  spent  all  his  leisure 


AUTHORS  AND  SCIENTISTS. 


335 


for  several  years  in  the  systematic  arrange- 
ment of  the  conchological  collection,  prepar- 
ing and  mounting  in  his  own  superior  style 
over  one  hundred  thousand  specimens.  Dur- 
ing his  curatorship  he  mounted  between 
thirty  and  forty  thousand  additional  speci- 
mens, all  outside  of  the  time  for  which  he 
was  employed.  His  skill  was  so  well  known 
that  he  was  asked  to  arrange  and  classify  the 
collections  of  some  of  our  colleges.  His  own 
shells,  after  his  decease,  were  accepted  at  the 
price  named  by  a  gentleman  in  the  West. 

In  the  preliminary  catalogue  of  the  flora 
of  New  Jersey,  printed  under  the  auspices  of 
the  State  Geological  Survey,  he  gave  con- 
siderable time. 

He  left  no  public  writings,  and  had  he  left 
no  collections,  his  volunteer  labors  alone 
(which  were  unapproached  by  that  of  any 
other  member),  in  arranging  and  better  adapt- 
ing the  academy's  invaluable  museum  for 
scientific  study,  would  have  been  no  mean 
contribution  to  the  promotion  of  knowledge. 

James  S.  Lippincott,  a  resident  of  Had- 
(lonfield,  N.  J.,  for  several  years  Ijefore  his 
death,  was  a  man  of  good  literary  and  scien- 
tific attainments.  He  contributed  many 
articles  to  scientific  magazines  and  assisted 
the  Agricultural  Department  at  Washington 
in  making  its  annual  report  reliable  and 
attractive. 

He  edited  an  American  edition  of  "  Cham- 
bers' Encyclopaedia,"  and  did  much  work  on 
"  Lippincott's  Biographical  Dictionary." 

He  was  a  close  observer  of  the  weather,  and 
li  is  notes  of  climatic  changes  and  influences 
are  valuable  additions  to  that  branch  of 
knowledge.  His  industry  and  perseverance 
are  shown  in  the  general  and  exhaustive  index 
he  made  of  the  Friend,  a  religious  journal, 
and  devoted  to  the  interests  of  that  society, 
extending  through  forty  volumes. 

He  twice  visited  Europe,  and  traveled  ex- 
tensively there,  making  notes  of  the  people, 
the  country  and  resources,  which  he  put  in 
the  shape  of  letters  to  the  press  and  to  his 


friends.  He  collected  much  genealogical 
data  relating  to  both  branches  of  his  family, 
Lippincott  and  Starr,  but  his  enfeebled  health 
prevented  his  arranging  it  before  his  death. 

His  library  was  large  and  select,  containing 
\'olumes  entirely  out  of  print,  and  but  seldom 
met  with.  Any  i)urpose  that  advanced  knowl- 
edge, or  developed  any  particular  branch  of 
science,  he  was  in  sympathy  with.  His 
manuscripts  are  extensive  and  w^ill  increase 
in  value,  making  it  desirable  that  they  be 
kept  together,  where  they  could  be  consulted 
by  those  of  like  tastes  and  in  search  of  like 
knowledge.  He  was  a  devoted  student  and 
genial  companion,  always  familiar  with  the 
literature  of  the  day  and  ready  with  good- 
natured  criticism.  He  was  twice  married, 
but  left  no  children.  He  died  March  17, 
•  1885,  in  the  sixty-fifth  year  of  his  age,  to  be 
much  missed  by  his  friends  and  associates. 

AViLLiAM  Fewsiiith,  author  of  the  well- 
known  Fewsmith's  English  Grammars,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia  in  the  year  1826,  and 
is  a  son  of  Joseph  Fewsmith.  When  he 
was  six  years  old  his  parents  removed  to  the 
vicinity  of  Haddonfield.  He  obtained  a  pre- 
paratory education  in  the  schools  of  that 
village  and  in  Franklin  Park  Boarding- 
School,  near  Burlington.  Afi;er  spending  three 
years  in  an  academy  at  Colchester,  Conn., 
he  entered  Western  Reserve  College,  in  Ohio, 
and  there  passed  the  freshman  year.  At  the 
expiration  of  this  time  he  went  to  Yale  Col- 
lege, and  was  graduated  from  that  institution 
in  1844,  with  a  class  of  one  hundred  and 
six,  of  whom  about  thirty-five  are  now  living. 
While  in  college  Mr.  Fewsmith  Mas  recog- 
nized as  the  best  Latin  and  Greek  scholar  in 
his  class,  and  took  several  prizes  for  his  pro- 
ficiency in  reading  those  languages  at  sight. 
From  1844  to  1857  he  was  teacher  of  ancient 
languages  and  English  grammar  in  a  private 
academy  in  Philadelphia.  He  then  opened 
a  school  himself  at  Tenth  Street  and  Arch,  in 
that  city,  continued  it  there  until  1860,  when 
he  removed  to  1008  Chestnut  Street,  and  has 


336 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


since  conducted  the  well-known  "  Fewsmith 
Classical  and  Mathematical  School "  at  that 
place,  with  gratifying  success  to  himself  and 
with  satisfaction  to  its  numerous  patrons. 
Since  he  entered  the  profession  of  teaching,  in 
1844,  he  has  trained  more  than  one  thousand 
different  pupils,  many  of  whom  have  since 
gained  prominence  in  law,  medicine  and 
theology.  His  influence  as  an  instructor  of 
the  young  has  been  productive  of  much  good. 
In  1867  he  was  elected  superintendent  of  the 
schools  of  Camden  and  did  efficient  work  in  re- 
organizing and  grading  them.  He  filled  this 
position  for  several  years,  and  in  the  mean 
time  continued  his  school  in  Philadelphia. 
In  1867  the  firm  of  Sower,  Potts  &  Co.,  of 
Philadelphia,  published  his  "  Grammar  of  the 
English  Language  "  and  •'  Elementary  Gram- 
mar," both  of  which  have  had  a  wide  cir-- 
culation  and  extensive  sale  in  the  schools  of 
this  country. 

Joseph  F.  Garrison,  M.D.,  D.D.,  for 
twenty-nine  years  rector  of  St.  Paul's  Epis- 
copal Church,  Camden,  was  the  only  son  of 
Dr.  Charles  Garrison,  of  Deerfield,  Cumber- 
land County,  N.  J.,  and  was  born  in  Fairton, 
in  that  same  county,  on  January  20,  1823. 
His  father  removed  to  Swedesboro',  Glouces- 
ter County,  N.  J.,  in  the  latter  part  of  this 
year,  where  he  became  one  of  the  most  prom- 
inent physicians  in  New  Jersey,  and  prac- 
ticed medicine  for  over  fifty  years. 

J.  F.  Garrison  entered  the  sophomore  class 
in  Princeton  College  in  1 839,  and  was  grad- 
uated, third  in  his  class,  in  1842.  He  at 
once  began  the  study  of  medicine  in  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was  an  of- 
fice student  of  Dr.  Edward  Pearce  and  Dr. 
William  Pepper,  the  latter  being  the  father 
of  the  present  distinguished  professor  and 
provost  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
Dr.  Garrison  received  his  diploma  in  medi- 
cine in  1845,  and  settled  in  Swedesboro', 
where  he  practiced  in  connection  with  his 
father  until  1855,  when  he  entered  the  min- 
istry of  the  Episcopal  Church.     He  was  or- 


dained deacon  by  Bishop  Doane  on  June  3, 
1855,  in  Trinity  Church,  Swedesboro',  and 
was  almost  immediately  invited  to  take 
charge  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Camden,  which 
had  been  vacant  for  some  months  after  the 
death  of  Rev.  Joseph  Lybrand.  Dr.  Garri- 
son entered  on  the  duties  of  minister  in  this 
parish  in  September,  1855. 

In  1879  Dr.  Garrison  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.,  from  his  old  college,  Priuce- 
ton,  N.  J.,  and  in  June,  1884,  he  was  elected 
professor  of  liturgies,  canon  law  and  eccle- 
siastical polity,  on  the  "  Moorhead  founda- 
tion," in  the  Episcopal  Divinity  School  of 
Philadelphia.  Having  decided  to  accept  this 
appointment.  Dr.  Garrison  resigned  the  rec- 
torship of  St.  Paul's  from  September  1, 1884, 
and  immediately  entered  on  the  duties  of  the 
chair  entrusted  to  him. 

From  the  beginning  of  his  connection  with 
the  ministry  of  the  church  Dr.  Garrison  was 
active  in  the  general  affairs  of  the  Diocese  of 
New  Jersey.  He  was  dean  of  the  Convoca- 
tion of  Burlington  for  a  considerable  period ; 
an  examining  chaplain  to  the  bishop  for 
more  than  twenty-five  years ;  one  of  the 
deputies  to  the  General  Convention  from 
1874 ;  a  member,  and  subsequently  president, 
of  the  standing  committee  of  the  diocese, 
and  was  for  some  time  a  diocesan  trustee  of 
the  General  Theological  Seminary,  in  New 
York.  He  has  also  been  appointed  as  the 
Bohlen  lecturer  for  the  year  1887.  The 
published  writings  of  Dr.  Garrison  have 
been  a  considerable  number  of  articles  in  the 
Church  Review  and  elsewhere,  and  several 
sermons,  the  most  important  of  the  latter 
being  "  The  Centennial  Discourse,"  delivered 
in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  at  the  request  of 
the  bishop  of  the  old  diocese  in  the  State  on 
May  5,  1885,  upon  the  occasion  of  the  cele- 
bration of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary 
of  the  organization  of  the  Episcopal  Church 
in  the  State  of  New  Jersey.  The  sermon  is 
an  extended  account  of  the  character  of  the 
Colonial  Church,  and  of  the  events  connected 


AUTHORS  AND  SCIENTISTS. 


337 


with  its  separation  from  the  mother  church 
in  England,  and  the  beginnings,  in  the  same 
year,  of  the  General  Conventions  of  the 
Church  in  the  United  States  and  the  Diocesan 
Conventions  of  New  Jersey. 

Isaac  C.  Martindale  was  born  in  By- 
berry,  Philadelphia  County,  Pa.,  July  15, 
1842.  His  parents  were  members  of  the 
Society  of  Friends,  and  his  early  education 
was  acquired  chiefly  at  schools  under  the 
control  of  Friends.  His  father  was  a  de- 
scendant from  John  Martiudell,  who,  early  in 
the  history  of  the  country,  settled  in  Bucks 
County,  Pa.  Many  of  the  family  name 
have  become  prominent  in  the  history  of  that 
part  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  late  years  we 
find  them  scattered  all  over  the  country. 
Some  remarkable  instances  of  longevity  are 
noted  in  different  branches  of  the  family. 
His  mother  was  the  daughter  of  Joseph 
Comly,  a  brother  of  John  Comly,  an  eminent 
minister  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  the  au- 
thor of  "Comly's  Spelling-book,"  "Comly's 
Grammar,"  etc.,  and  who,  with  another 
brother,  Isaac  Comly,  edited  Friend^  Miscel- 
lany and  other  periodicals.  The  literary 
ability  thus  conspicuously  marked  can  be 
traced  backward  through  several  generations, 
and  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  whose  portrait 
is  herewith  given,  has  inherited  it  in  a  good 
degree. 

While  living  on  his  father's  farm  he  took 
up  the  study  of  natural  history,  and,  not- 
withstanding his  scanty  supply  of  books,  he 
early  became  possessed  of  considerable  scien- 
tific knowledge.  The  geology  and  mineral- 
ogy of  the  neighborhood  were  especially  stud- 
ied. Ornithology  received  much  attention, 
till  he  became  quite  familiar  with  the  names 
and  habits  of  most  of  the  birds  that  belong 
to  that  part  of  the  country.  He,  too,  was  quite 
familiar  with  astronomy  and  meteorology,  and 
was  one  of  the  appointed  meteorological  ob- 
servers of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  at 
Washington  for  a  number  of  years. 

His  favorite  study,  however,  was  botany. 


which  he  began  soon  after  leaving  school 
and  has  continued  it  ever  since,  so  that  he 
ranks  among  the  noted  botanists  of  the 
country  ;  he  has  contributed  largely  to  scien- 
tific periodicals  on  this  subject  and  has  ac- 
cumulated a  collection  of  specimens  in  the 
form  of  a  herbarium,  the  finest  in  New  Jer- 
sey, with  but  few  in  the  country  surpassing 
it,  embracing  tens  of  thousands  of  species 
from  various  parts  of  the  world,  the  flora  of 
North  America,  including  Mexico,  being  very 
fully  represented,  as  well  as  that  of  Great 
Britain,  France,  Germany,  Russia,  Palestine, 
Arabia,  Australia,  New  Zealand  and  other 
islands  of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  This  depart- 
ment of  study  has  brought  him  in  intimate 
association  with  the  eminent  scientists  of  the 
day.  He  is  a  member  of  many  of  the  learned 
societies  of  the  country,  and  has  done  much 
to  encourage  and  foster  the  study  of  scientific 
subjects  in  Camden  County  by  his  identity 
with  and  aid  to  local  institutions. 

In  1867  Mr.  Martindale  left  the  farm  to 
accept  a  position  as  clerk  in  the  National 
State  Bank  of  Camden,  of  which  Jesse 
Townsend,  also  a  native  of  Byberry,  Pa.,  was 
cashier.  By  diligent  attention  he  became  so 
familiar  with  all  the  details  of  the  banking 
business  that  at  the  death  of  Jesse  Townsend, 
in  1871,  he  was  elected  cashier.  In  April, 
1874,  the  sudden  death  of  his  wife  occurred 
while  in  attendance  at  a  religious  meeting  at 
Fifteenth  and  Race  Streets,  Philadelphia 
(she  was  Hannah  Ann  Kirk,  daughter  of 
Samuel  Kirk,  of  Byberry,  Pa.).  In  the 
month  of  June  of  the  same  year,  in  order  to 
recuperate  his  health,  which  had  become  im- 
paired, he  took  a  trip  to  Europe  and  traveled 
through  Scotland,  England,  Germany,  Switz- 
erland and  France.  He  visited  many  mu- 
seums and  scientific  collections  both  in  Eng- 
land and  on  the  Continent,  and  also  made  a 
collection  of  several  hundreds  of  specimens 
of  the  Alpine  flora  of  the  country.  He  re- 
turned in  the  autumn  of  1874,  resuming 
his  position  as  cashier,  which  he  retained  till 


338 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


February,  1885,  when  he  resigned.  He  then 
l)ecame  interested  with  others  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  bank  in  South  Camden,  and 
soon  had  in  operation  the  Camden  National 
Bank,  of  which  he  is  now  cashier.  The 
literary  ability  which  he  inherited  led  him  to 
become  quite  a  contributor  to  magazines  and 
other  periodicals,  and  while  his  articles  are 
largely  on  scientific  subjects,  others  are  often 
found,  even  the  poetic  vein  not  being  omitted. 
1  le  has  taken  much  interest  in  local  histories; 
was  engaged  for  several  years  in  collecting 
uiaterial  for  a  history  of  the  townships  of 
Byberry  and  Moreland,  Philadelphia  County, 
Fa.,  which  was  afterwards  published  by  his 
brother,  Joseph  C.  Martindale,  M.D. 

Soon  after  coming  to  Camden  he  prepared 
and  published  in  the  West  Jersey  Press  a 
series  of  "  Objects  of  Interest  in  and  around 
Camden,"  which  have  been  very  serviceable 
in  the  preparation  of  this  history.  His  con- 
nection with  various  literary  societies  has 
made  him  quite  an  earnest  public  speaker. 
In  recent  years  he  has  become  quite  prominent 
i  a  the  meetings  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  of 
which  he  is  a  member. 

He  married  Lizzie  Ball,  daughter  of  John 
Ball,  a  native  of  Quakertown,  Bucks  Coun- 
ty, Pa.,  a  few  years  ago,  and  now  resides  in 
Camden ;  he  has  a  family  of  two  sons — 
Wallace  S.  and  Charles  B. — and  one  daugh- 
ter, Emma  K.,  by  his  first  wife. 

Geoffrey  Buckwaltee,  principal  of  the 
First  School  District  of  Camden,  is  an 
occasional  contributor  to  the  periodical  liter- 
ature of  the  day,  and  the  author  of  a  "  Pri- 
mary "  and  a  "  Comprehensive  Spelling- 
Book  "  and  "  A  Practical  System  of  Penman- 
ship," consisting  of  two  series  of  copy-books. 
The  spelling-books  were  published  by  Porter 
&  Coates  in  1879,  and  the  copy-books  by  the 
same  firm,  in  1884  and  1885. 

Barteam  L.  Bonsall,  for  several  years 
past  the  enterprising  proprietor  of  the  Camden 
Fast,  which  influential  journal  was  estab- 
lished  greatly  through  his  energy,  in   1882 


wrote  and  published  a  work  of  one  hundred 
and  ninety-four  pages,  entitled  "  Cash  ;  or, 
Practical  Hints  from  Practical  People."  The 
book  contains  interesting  instruction  and 
valuable  information. 

De.  J.  Dunbar  Hylton,  of  Palmyra, 
is  the  author  of  "  Betrayed  ;  A  Northern 
Tale  in  seven  parts."  One  volume,  two  hun- 
dred and  eighty-eight  pages.  "  The  Bride  of 
Gettysburg,  An  Episode  of  1863."  One 
volume,  one  hundred  and  seventy-two  pages. 
"  Above  the  Grave  and  the  Prsesidicide,  etc." 
One  volume,  two  hundred  and  twenty-eight 
pages.  "  The  Heir  of  Lyolynn.  A  tale  of 
Sea  and  Land,  in  seven  parts ;  Lays  of  An- 
cient Times ;  Song  of  the  Engineer  to  his 
Engine  while  conveying  President  Garfield 
from  Washington  to  Long  Branch  ;  and  nu- 
merous Charades  and  Riddles."  One  volume, 
five  hundred  and  forty  pages.  "Above  the 
Grave  of  John  Odenswurge." 

George  F.  Fort,  a  member  of  the  Cam- 
den County  bar,  is  the  author  of  an  "  Historical 
Treatise  on  Early  Builders'  Works,"  "  Medi- 
eval Builders,"  "  Medical  Economy  during  the 
Middle  Ages  "  and  "  Early  History  and  An- 
tiquities of  Masonry." 

Botanists. — The  opportunities  afforded 
for  the  study  of  botany,  led  many  persons 
into  it,  but  no  society  was  organized  to 
that  especial  end  till  1870,  when  a  scien- 
tific circle  of  the  Camden  Literary  and  Li- 
brary Association  was  established,  Isaac  C. 
Martindale  being  the  prime  mover  therein. 
The  purpose  was  to  have  the  different  de- 
partments of  natural  science  represented, 
whenever  peifeons  thus  interested  should  call 
up  the  various  subjects  ;  but  the  botanical 
circle  was  the  only  one  regularly  organ- 
ized. Mr.  Martindale  was  elected  its  presi- 
dent ;  Reynell  Coates,  M.D.,  vice-president ; 
and  Mrs.  Mary  L.  Gilbert,  secretary.  The 
meetings  were  held  at  the  library-room.  No. 
106  Market  Street,  Camden.  The  exer- 
cises consisted  of  lectures,  presentation  of 
specimens,  descriptions  of  rare  localities,  etc. 


AUTH0K8  AND  SCIENTISTS. 


339 


Besides  the  officers  above  mentioned,  those 
who  took  an  active  part  at  the  meetings  were 
Rudolphus  Bingham,  Miss  Carrie  A.  Boyce, 
Mrs.  Harriet  M.  Harned,  John  F.  Harned, 
Frederick  Bourquiu,  Thomas  Gilbert,  Mrs. 
Virginia  K.  Naisby,  Charles  F.  Parker, 
Wallace  M.  Smith,  S.  D.  Button,  Miss  E.  J. 
Burnside,  M.D.,  Frank  Harned,  J.  T.  Penny- 
packer,  S.  W.  Cochran,  Henry  Harned,  U. 
F.  Richards,  W.  S.  Johnson,  Miss  Lizzie  A. 
Sander^,  M.D.,  Mrs.  Dr.  Pratt,  Carrie  Titus, 
Lillie  Titus,  Clara  Titus,  Minnie  Titus,  Miss 
Salina  A.  Rule,  Charles  P.  Burrough  and 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  Hugill.  Mr.  Martindale 
gave  a  series  of  illustrated  lectures  on  the 
adopted  classification  of  the  animal,  vegetable 
and  mineral  kingdoms.  Mr.  Bourquin  dis- 
coursed on  ferns  and  mosses,  his  especial  study, 
and  also  on  the  culture  of  roses.  Dr.  Coates 
gave  a  number  of  discourses  on  natural  sci- 
ence, relating  his  experience  as  a  naturalist 
while  attached  to  exploring  expeditions  in 
former  years.  Rudolphus  Bingham,  with 
his  fund  of  information,  became  a  very  active 
and  influential  member.  The  meetings  were 
continued  several  years,  adjourning  usually 
in  the  summer  season.  After  their  final  dis- 
continuance, among  all  the  lovers  of  botany 
in  Camden,  who  continued  active  as  botanists, 
we  find  only  the  names  of  Isaac  C.  Martin- 
dale,  Charles  F.  Parker  and  Carrie  A.  Boice, 
probably  because  many  had  removed  to  other 
localities,  some  had  died  and  others  became 
engrossed  with  manifold  duties  and  respon- 
sibilities that  left  little  time  for  scientific 
study. 

The  Microscopical  Society  of  Cam- 
den was  formed  November  7,  1878,  by  a 
few  gentlemen  desirous  of  improving  them- 
selves in  microscopical  investigation.  The 
original  members  were  Joseph  C.  De  la  Cour, 
Albert  P.  Brown,  Ph.D.,  Joseph  L.  De  la 
Cour,  Samuel  W.  Cochran,  M.  F.  Middleton, 
M.D.,  William  D.  Clark,  Harry  S.  Fortiner, 
I.  Harvey  Wroth,  M.D.,  Alfred  W.  Test  and 
C.  Henry  Kain.     The  first  president  of  the 


society,  Albert  P.  Brown,  occupies  the  posi- 
tion of  microscopical  preceptor  in  the  Phila- 
delphia College  of  Pharmacy,  Philadelphia, 
and  has  been  instrumental  in  advancing  the 
use  of  the  microscope  in  that  institution. 

Mr.  Brown  was  succeeded  by  Isaac  C. 
Martindale,  whose  botanical  knowledge  is 
too  well  appreciated  to  call  for  more  than  in- 
cidental mention. 

The  present  chief  officer,  C.  Henry  Kain, 
has  devoted  his  time  and  labor  to  the  study 
of  the  diatomacese,  on  which  subject  he  is  an 
acknowledged  authority.  He  is  at  present 
engaged  in  preparing  a  list  of  the  diatoms  oi 
New  Jersey,  which,  when  completed,  will  be 
a  valuable  contribution  to  the  literature  of 
that  order. 

Various  papers  of  scientific  interest  have 
been  read  at  the  meetings  of  the  society,  and 
an  effort  is  made  to  have,  during  the  winter 
of  each  year,  an  exhibition  at  some  public 
place  of  the  work  of  the  season.  These 
soireis  are  always  largely  attended,  and  have 
had  the  effect  of  increasing  the  membership. 

The  present  membership  is  about  thirty. 
Of  the  originators,  but  five  are  now  connected 
^vith  the  society. 

The  following  is  a  partial  list  of  members 
of  this  society,  together  with  the  subjects 
upon  which  they  are  specialists  : 

A.  P.  Brown,  Ph.D.,  chemical  microscopy  and  urinar.y  deposits. 

G.  Gr.  Browning,  general  microacopy,  adulteration  of  (irugs. 

Eudolphue  Bingham,  botany,  effects  of  alcohol. 

JamoB  Buckle,  occult  science. 

John  B.  Betts,  entomology,  desmidaceoj. 

I.  S.  Cheney,  choice  mounting,  section  preparation. 

J.  Loriot  Be  la  Cour,  entomology,  chemical  microscopy. 

Louis  T.  Derousse,  entomology,  general  microscopy. 

John  H.  Dialogue,  Jr.,  general  microacopy. 

Samuel  Hufty,  general  microacopy. 

E.  M.  Howard,  M.D.,  bacteria,  general  microscopy,  histology. 

Charles  A.  Hotchkisa,  diatomacea;,  general  microacopy. 

Henry  Harned,  general  science. 

C.  Henry  Kain,  diatomacese,  special  preparation  of  slides. 

Isaac  0.  Martindale,  botany,  general  microscopy. 

M.  F.  Middleton,  M.D.,  clinical  microscopy,  hiatology. 

E.  r.  Moody,  engineering,  physics. 

A.  A.  Moss,  general  science. 

Edwin  Morgan,  general  science. 

George  T.  Bobinson,  electricity,  microscopy,  fungi. 

E.  B.  Eeed,  general  microscopy,  adulteration  of  foods. 

S.  Howard  Troth,  general  microscopy. 

Aaron  Van  Gelder,  general  microscopy. 

I.  Francis  Walsh,  clinical  microscopy. 


340 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 

public  inteknal  improvements. 

Indian  Teails  and  Early  Eoad,s. — 
Colonel  Thomas  H.  Benton  once  said  that  the 
buffalo  established  the  courses  and  positions 
of  the  great  highways  across  the  continent, 
which,  in  a  broad  sense,  is  true ;  but  in  the 
Eastern  States  it  is  more  exact  to  say  that  the 
present  routes  of  travel  by  land  were  first  in- 
dicated by  the  aborigines. 

In  almost  any  given  region  of  territory  it 
will  be  found  that  the  centres  or  chief  seats 
of  the  past  and  present  populations  have 
occupied  practically  the  same  ground,  and  so 
general  is  this  rule  that  where  a  marked  ex- 
ception  has  occurred,  peculiar  and  potent 
causes  may  be  looked  for  as  its  explanation. 
As  a  natural  sequence  to  this  truth  that  the 
centres  of  population  of  successive  races  have 
been  generally  one  and  the  same^  it  follows 
that  the  highways  of  travel  in  the  past  and  in 
the  present  must  similarly  coincide  or  ap- 
proximate. The  lines  along  which,  with  roar 
;md  rumble,  the  locomotive  now  rushes  with 
its  mighty  load,  making  an  old-time  day's 
journey  in  sixty  minutes,  are  almost  exactly 
coincident  with  the  first  rude  wagon-roads  of 
the  pioneers  of  two  centuries  ago,  and  also 
with  the  paths  or  trails  along  the  water- 
courses and  through  the  easiest  mountain 
passes  trodden  from  time  immemorial  by  the 
moccasined  foot  of  the  red  man.  In  one  re- 
spect, then,  it  is  literally  true  that  civilization 
has  followed  in  the  footsteps  of  barbarism  ; 
that  the  skilled  surveyor  and  engineer  has 
followed  with  scientific  instruments  where  the 
ignorant  savage  first  went,  guided  only  by 
the  instincts  of  woodcraft.  The  difference 
between  the  new  and  the  old  is  far  less  in  the 
direction  or  lines  of  communication  than  in 
the  method  of  travel,  and  the  moderns,  with 
all  of  tlieir  wisdom  and  knowledge,  have 
done  little  besides  making  grand  improve- 
ments on    old  routes — building    with   stone 


and  iron  and  steel,  it  is  true,  but,  nevertheless, 
along  the  course  of  the  old,  narrow,  leaf- 
strewn  path  that  the  Indian  first  found  out 
was  the  most  direct  and  practicable  line  of 
communication  between  two  given  points. 

The  Indian  trail  which  led  from  Perth 
Amboy  to  Salem,  where  in  early  times 
was  an  Indian  village,  was  one  of  the  ear- 
■  best  routes  used  by  the  whites  at  the  time 
of  their  first  explorations  in  New  Jersey.  It 
passed  through  Haddonfield,  at  which  place 
was  an  Indian  village  and  considerable 
cleared  land,  which  later  was  known  as  the 
"  Great  Field."  George  Fox,  during  his 
travels  in  America  in  1672,  in  his  journey 
from  Maryland  to  New  York,  passed  along 
this  trail  through  West  Jersey.  In  his 
journal  he  says  :  "  We  came  one  night  to  an 
Indian  town  and  lay  all  night  at  the  King's 
house,  who  was  a  very  pretty  man.  Both  he 
and  his  wife  received  us  very  lovingly,  and 
his  attendants  (such  as  they  were)  were  very 
respectful  to  us.  They  laid  mats  for  us  to  lie 
on,  but  provisions  were  very  short  with  them, 
having  caught  but  little  that  day." 

Soon  after  A¥est  Jersey  was  vested  in  the 
proprietors,  they  felt  the  importance  of  open- 
ing a  highway  between  the  towns  of  Bur- 
lington and  Salem,  these  being  the  only 
towns  in  West  Jersey  prior  to  1682,  and  also 
the  county-seats  of  Burlington  and  Salem 
Counties.  Accordingly,  on  the  12th  of  No- 
veinl)er,  1681,  the  Legislature  of  New  Jer- 
sey passed  an  act  authorizing  the  laying  out 
of  a  highway  between  the  two  towns.  The 
act  provided  for  the  appointment  of  twenty 
men — ten  from  Burlington  and  ten  from  Sa- 
lem County — who  were  to  carry  out  its  pro- 
visions. At  that  time  there  were  no  white 
settlers  within  the  limits  of  Camden  County, 
except  possibly  a  few  families  of  Swedes, 
who  formerly  lived  on  the  site  of  Fort  Ara- 
womac,  at  the  mouth  of  Pensauken  Creek. 

The  road  then  laid  out  followed  the  old 
Indian  trail,  which  led  from  the  site  of  Perth 
Amboy  through  the  site  of  Burlington  to  Sa- 


PUBLIC  INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS. 


341 


lem,  where  was  formerly  an  Indian  village. 
It  crossed  the  streams  near  their  sources, 
where  they  were  easily  forded.  The  ford 
through  Coopers  Creek  at  first  was  a  short 
distance  above  Haddonfield,  at  a  place  later 
known  as  Uxbridge.  This  road  was  merely 
a  bridle-path,  and  very  crooked.  As  the 
amount  of  travel  increased,  the  road  was 
straightened  and  widened ;  but  as  for  many 
years  the  early  settlers  traveled  on  horseback 
only,  it  was  not  until  about  1730  that  car- 
riages of  any  kind  were  introduced.  The 
first  settlers  usually  located  on  land  along  the 
streams,  and  small  boats  were  used  on  them 
to  convey  produce  and  merchandise. 

When  towns  were  laid  out  along  the  line 
of  this  road,  which  was  known  as  the  "  Kings 
Highway,"  the  roadway  through  the  town 
was  increased  to  one  hundred  feet  in  width. 
It  is  quite  evident  that  the  line  of  the  road 
where  it  passed  over  Coopers  Creek  was 
changed  quite  early,  as,  the  13th  of  March, 
1744,  the  town-meeting  of  Newton  agreed 
that  "  ye  Mill  hill  near  Isaac  Kays,  in  the 
road  to  Burlington,  be  mended." ' 

A  bridge  was  built  over  Timber  Creek 
(called  also,  in  the  early  records,  Gloucester 
River)  as  early  as  1687,  an  account  of  which 
will  be  found  in  the  article  on  Creeks  and 
Bridges. 

The  aborigines  fixed  the  pathways  from 
the  Atlantic  Ocean  to  the  Delaware  River, 
across  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  and  long 
before  the  white  men  attempted  to  explore 
the  forests,  the  lines  of  travel  through  the 
country  had  become  plain  and  beaten  paths. 
For  many  years  after  the  first  settlements 
on  the  ocean  and  the  river  the  only  track 
between  them  was  along  these  Indian  trails." 
Several  of  these  were  through  Atlantic  and 
Camden    Counties;    one    began   at   Somers 

1  Isaac  Kay  owned  at  that  time  the  mill  property  now 
in  possession  of  Joseph  G.  Erans.  The  mill  was  on 
the  south  side  of  Coopers  Creek,  and  in  the  limits  of 
the  present  mill  pond,  and  the  hill  was  evidently  the 
one  in  front  of  the  Mann  property  in  Haddonfield. 
40 


Point  and  extended  along  the  east  side  of 
Great  Egg  Harbor  River,  so  as  to  pass 
to  the  north  of  the  heads  of  the  branches 
of  Babcocks  Creek,  over  the  low  lands  to  the 
tributaries  of  Little  Egg  Harbor  River,  called 
"  the  Locks,"  by  the  Blue  Anchor  tavern, 
crossed  the  head  of  Great  Egg  Harbor  River 
at  Long- a-Coming  (Berlin),  passed  a  short 
distance  south  of  Haddonfield,  over  the  mid- 
dle branch  of  Newton  Creek  at  Atmores 
Dam,  and  thence  to  Coopers  Ferry.  This 
trail  was  used  as  a  road  many  years,  and  as 
early  as  1696  was  known  as  the  Philadelphia 
and  Egg  Harbor  road.  It  was  not  laid 
out  according  to  law,  and  has  been  aban- 
doned. It  may  be  described  in  this  county 
as  lying  between  the  road  from  Camden  to 
Berlin,  by  way  of  Kirkwood  and  the 
road  from  Camden  to  Berlin,  by  way  of 
Haddonfield.  There  were  three  noted  taverns 
on  the  route, — one  at  Atmores  Dam,  which 
was  built  and  kept  by  John  Willis,  then 
kept  by  Joseph  Kinlee,  and  after  1718  by 
Thomas  Atmore,  and  it  being  at  the  head  of 
navigation  of  the  stream,  considerable  ship- 
ping was  carried  on  from  this  place. 

"  Inside  the  low  ceilings  and  ill-arranged  rooms 
told  that  ventilation  and  convenience  were  not 
regarded ;  yet  the  well-sanded  floors  and  the  bright 
pewter  dishes  betrayed  the  good  housewife  and 
thrifty  matron.  The  bar-room  opened  by  a  double 
door,  cut  horizontally,  and  within  might  be  seen 
the  crib  which  screened  the  liquors  and  protected 
the  dealer.  The  immense  open  fireplace,  arranged 
with  a  bench  on  each  side,  made  sitting  room  for 
guests  by  day  and  beds  for  dogs  at  night— to  say 
nothing  of  the  straight-backed  slat-bottomed 
chairs  that  stood  around  the  walls.  The  visitors 
were  mostly  rude,  uneducated  people,  unused  to 
the  refinements  of  society  and  contending  with  ad- 
versity in  its  many  shapes. 

"At  this  old  tavern  might  occasionally  be  seen 
a  party  of  hunters,  pledging  their  good  opinion  of 
each  other  in  a  bowl  of  whiskey-punch  or  'stone 
fence,'  and  enjoying,  in  their  peculiar  way,  the 
last  of  a  successful  chase.  Wrestling,  running  and 
jumping  were  indulged  in  when  a  few  of  the  neigh- 
bors met,  and  every  man  that  participated  was 
soon   graded   as  to  his  ability  in  each.     The  fare 


342 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


was  abundant,  and  such  as  the  epicure  of  the 
present  day  would  revel  in.  It  was  dried  venison, 
bear's  meat,  fresh  fish  and  wild  fowl,  with  corn- 
bread  or  hoe-cake  well  prepared,  and  made  invit- 
ing by  the  tidy  appearance  of  the  surroundings. 
The  liquors  also,  although  drawn  from  wooden 
casks  and  drank  fi'om  horn  tumblers,  imparted  an 
invigorating,  healthy  effect,  and,  when  evaporated 
by  a  good  night's  sleep,  left  no  suspicious  feelings 
after  them." 

lu  later  years  elections  and  public  meet- 
ings were  held  at  this  old  tavern.  The  Blue 
Anchor  Tavern  as  early  as  1740  was  kept  by 
Johu  Hider.  It  became  a  central  point  on 
the  route  and  retained  its  importance  until 
the  railroad  passed  through  that  region.  An- 
other tavern  was  kept  at  Long-a-Coming 
before  1760  by  Samuel  Scull.  Three  roads 
joined  the  main  line  or  trail ;  the  first  left 
the  mouth  of  Little  Egg  Harbor  in  a  west- 
erly direction  and  joined  the  trail  near  the 
head  of  Landing  Creek,  one  of  the  branches 
of  Little  Egg  Harbor  River.  The  second 
began  near  Mullica's  plantation,  a  short  dis- 
tance from  Batsto,  and  going  westerly  be- 
tween the  streams,  joined  the  main  trail  near 
the  old  Beebe  place,  about  one  mile  south  of 
Winslow.  This  is  known  as  the  old  Fork 
road.  The  third  was  known  as  the  old 
Cape  road,  and  started  in  Cape  May  County. 
It  crossed  Tuckahoe  River  northerly  to 
Hospitality  stream  below  Coles  Mill,  thence 
to  Inskeepsford,  and  joined  the  main  road  at 
the  Blue  Anchor. 

At  the  June  Session  of  Gloucester  County 
Court  in  1696,  John  Hugg,  Jr.,  Thomas 
Sharp  and  Thomas  Gardiner  were  commis- 
sioned to  mend  and  marJc  for  about  ten  miles 
of  the  road  leading  oat  of  Gloucester  to- 
ward Egg  Harbor,  and  James  Steelman  was 
elected  overseer  of  highways  to  mark  and 
make  the  road  from  Egg  Harbor  towards 
Gloucester.  Just  one  year  afterward  the  court 
instructed  Andrew  Robeson,  Thomas  Sharp 
and  William  Dalboe  to  open  a  road  from 
Oldmans  Creek  to  the  mouth  of  Glouces- 
ter   River    (Timber    Creek),  "  and    so  from 


Elias  Hugg's  up  to  ye  old  Road  ; "  and  in 
September  a  speedy  repair  was  ordered  of 
the  log  bridge  on  the  northerly  branch  of 
Gloucester  River. 

The  place  known  as  Cooper's  Ferries  (now 
Camden),  within  a  few  years  after  the  settle- 
ment of  the  whites,  became  noted  as  the  great 
crossing-place  to  the  town  of  Philadelphia, 
which  was  the  largest  town  in  the  region, 
and  a  more  direct  route  was  needed  to  the 
ferries  than  by  the  King's  Highway,  which 
passed  about  seven  miles  east  of  the  ferries. 
Coopers  Creek  was  navigable  from  Axford's 
Landing,  from  whence  passage  was  down 
the  stream.  A  bridle-path  was  also  on  tlie 
south  side  of  the  creek,  which  later  became 
known  as  the  "  Ferry  Road."  As  early  as 
1702  a  more  direct  route  was  made  lower 
down,  in  what  is  now  Delaware  township, 
and  crossing  the  creek  on  what  is  now  the 
Barton  farm.  In  the  account  of  the  "  Creeks, 
Ferries  and  Bridges  "  will  be  found  the  com- 
plaint of  John  Champion,  who  lived  at  that 
place,  that  many  people  were  calling  upon 
him  to  carry  them  over  the  creek,  and  asking 
for  a  license  for  o  ferry,  which  was  granted. 
This  route  was  evidently  used  as  late  as  1733, 
and  perhaps  a  few  years  later,  as  in  that  year 
Humphrey  Day  kept  at  the  place  a  ferry  and 
a  tavern.  About  1736  a  still  shorter  route 
was  made  lower  down,  and  on  the  line 
of  the  road  now  known  as  the  Burlington 
Pike,  which  crossed  Coopers  Creek  at  the 
residence  of  Samuel  Spicer,  who  established 
a  ferry  at  the  place  and  continued  it  until 
1762,  when  a  bridge  at  the  place  was  com- 
pleted. On  the  19th  of  January,  1748,  by 
act  of  Legislature,  commissioners  were  ap- 
pointed to  lay  out  a  more  direct  road  from 
Coopers  Ferry  to  Burlington  and  to  build  a 
draw-bridge  at  Spicer's  Ferry.  On  the  same 
date  an  act  passed  allowing  the  inhabitants 
in  the  vicinity  to  raise  funds  by  subscription 
to  build  the  bridge  but  it  does  not  appear  that 
any  action  wa.s  taken  under  the  authority  of 
these  acts,   and   .the  subject  was    not  again 


PUBLIC  INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS. 


343 


brought  up  until  November  28, 1760,  when 
the  Legislature  passed  an  act  authorizing  the 
erection  of  a  bridge  at  Spicer's  Ferry  and  the 
laying  out  of  the  road  to  Burlington,  in  a 
more  direct  course.  Commissioners  were  ap- 
pointed and  authority  given  to  raise  by  tax 
and  subscription  the  amount  of  money  needed 
to  complete  the  work. 

The  road  was  shortened  and  improved,  and 
in  1762  it  is  mentioned  in  a  deed  as  "The 
Great  Road  to  the  Ferry,"  and  in  1764  an- 
other road  also  was  laid  out  from  the  bridge 
to  the  ferry.  This,  in  1769,  is  mentioned  in 
records  as  "  The  new  road  from  Benjamin 
Cooper's  ferry  to  the  new  bridge  over  Coopers 
Creek."  In  1773  Jacob  Cooper  laid  out  the 
town  of  Camden  and  established  Cooper 
Street,  and  in  1774  Market  Street  was  estab- 
lished and  by  act  of  Assembly  June  20, 1765, 
the  road  and  bridges  from  Cooper's  Ferries 
to  Mount  Holly  were  placed  under  the  care 
of  commissioners. 

One  of  the  first  roads  that  became  a 
necessity,  after  the  Kings  Highway,  was 
from  Kay's  mill,  then  on  south  side  of 
Coopers  Creek,  near  Haddonfield,  to  the 
Royden  and  Cooper  Ferries.  A  bridle-path 
was  made  along  the  south  side  of  the  creek 
very  early,  and  on  the  8th  of  December, 
1761,  James  Bloom,  John  Gill,  John  Hinch- 
raan,  Joshua  Stokes,  John  Hider  and  John 
Collins,  surveyors  of  highways,  under  in- 
structions laid  out  a  road,  four  poles  in  width, 
along  the  general  route  of  the  old  bridle- 
path, beginning  at  the  corner  of  William 
Griscom's  shop,  on  the  King's  Highway 
(now  Braddock's  drug  store),  to  Coopers 
Ferry,  it  being  six  miles  and  twenty-six 
perches. 

On  the  8th  of  March,  1762,  the  survey- 
ors of  highways  laid  out  a  road  from  the 
southeast  branch  of  Pensauken  Creek  to- 
wards "the  new  bridge  erected  from 
Samuel  Spicers  Landing  across  Coopers 
Creek,"  to  begin  at  a  bridge  erected  by 
Samuel    Burroughs,     across    the    southeast 


branch  of  Pensauken  Creek,  and  at  his  grist- 
mill. This  road  was  laid  out  four  rods  wide 
and  passed  through  the  east  end  of  Thomas 
Spicer's  land,  over  the  head  of  Henry  Woods 
Creek,  and  to  the  "  Burlington  New  Eoad." 

On  the  24th  of  March,  1762,  a  road  was 
laid  from  Long-a-Coming  (Berlin)  to  Cheese- 
mans  or  Webers  Landing,  on  the  northerly 
branch  of  Great  Timber  Creek,  past  Andrew 
Newman's  mill  and  over  "  Ephraims  Hill." 
This  road  intersected  with  a  road  previously 
laid  out  from  John  Hillman's  mill  to  Gab- 
riel Davis'  house. 

On  December  7,  1763,  an  act  was  passed 
by  the  Assembly  for  laying  out  "  a  more  di- 
rect road  from  Timber  Creek,  over  Newton 
Creek,  near  the  mouth  thereof,  to  Coopers 
Ferries,  and  for  erecting  a  bridge  over  New- 
ton Creek,"  which  was  subsequently  made 
a  toll-bridge.  Isaac  Cooper,  John  Buzby, 
James  Whitall,  John  Sparks,  Joshua  Lord 
and  James  Hinchraan  were  appointed  to  lay 
out  the  road  and  build  the  bridge. 

On  the  8th  of  December,  1766,  commission- 
ers appointed  for  the  purpose  laid  out  a  road, 
four  rods  wide,  from  the  division  line  of 
Burlington  and  Gloucester  Counties,  at  Eves 
Bridge,  in  the  township  of  Evesham,  to  the 
great  road  from  Burlington  to  Salem,  between 
lands  of  Simeon  Ellis  and  William  Ellis, 
now  Ellisburg. 

In  the  year  1767  the  surveyors  of 
highways  for  the  townships  of  Waterford, 
Newton  and  Gloucester  were  Josiah  Shivers, 
Abraham  Innskeep,  Waterford  ;  Isaac  Kay 
and  Edward  Gibbs,  Newton  ;  William  Hugg 
and  John  Griffith,  Gloucester.  On  the  2d  of 
March  in  that  year  they  laid  out  a  road  from 
the  "  mansion-house  of  Thomas  Ellis,  at  his 
grist-mill,  to  the  new  road  lately  laid  out 
and  leading  from  Burlington  to  Coopers 
Ferry."  On  the  26th  of  May  following, 
they  laid  out  a  road  from  the  north  end  of 
Newton  Meeting-house  grounds,  through 
lands  of  Stephen  Thackray,  Richard  Collins 
and  Jacob  Stokes,  to  the  great  road  leading 


344 


HISTOKY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


to  Haddonfield.  This  is  evidently  the  present 
Collings  Avenue. 

May  16,  1769,  a  road  was  laid  out  from 
"  the  gate  on  Joseph  Morgan's  plantation,  at 
the  mouth  of  Pensauken  Creek,  to  the  great 
road  that  leads  from  Burlington  to  Coopers 
Ferries." 

On  the  13th  of  November,  1770,  a  road 
was  laid  out  from  the  "  new  bridge  erected 
over  Great  Timber  Creek,  from  the  meadow- 
ground  of  Jacob  Clement  to  the  lands  of 
George  Marple,  deceased,  at  a  place  formerly 
called  Ashbrooke's  Landing,  to  a  road  for- 
merly laid  out."  The  bridge  here  mentioned 
is  now  known  as  "  Clements  Bridge." 

April  18,  1775,  a  road  was  laid  from  Eves 
Bridge,  through  lands  of  Daniel  Lippincott, 
Charles  French  and  David  Davis,  past  lands 
of  Francis  Kay,  Samuel  Murrell  and  Samuel 
Eastlack,  to  the  road  from  Moorestown  to 
Haddonfield,  at  Murrell's  school-house. 

April  14,  1775,  the  surveyors  laid  out  a 
road  from  the  Burlington  County  line,  at  a 
bridge  near  Samuel  Collins'  house,  through 
lands  owned  by  him,  by  John  Morton,  Ezek- 
iel  Lindsay,  and  on  the  line  of  lands  of  Kin- 
dall  Cole  and  late  John  Cowperthwait  to  the 
road  from  Moorestown  to  Haddonfield. 

On  the  27th  of  May,  the  next  year,  they 
also  laid  out  a  road  from  the  corner  of  land 
of  Jacob  Stokes,  at  the  north  side  of  At- 
mores  Dam,  along  the  line  of  land  of  Dav- 
id Branson  and  Caleb  Atmore,  through  land 
of  John  Redman  to  the  King's  Highway 
from  Burlington  to  Salem. 

March  23,  1783,  the  surveyors  laid  out  a 
road  "  from  John  Barton's  grist-mill  to  the 
bridge  between  Samuel  Lippincott'stwo  plan- 
tations ;  thence  to  cross  at  the  head  of  a 
branch  by  James  Inskeep  ;  thence  in  a  direct 
course  through  William  Bates'  land  to  Punch 
Bridge ;  thence  along  the  old  road  to  the 
school-house  upon  William  Bates'  land ; 
thence  along  the  old  road  through  Nathaniel 
Lippincott's  land  to  Naomy  Jones,  so  over 
the  bridge  between  the  said  Jones  and  the 


place  formerly  William  Shuster,  so  along  the 
road  as  it  now  lieth  through  Jonathan  Ellis' 
land ;  thence  along  the  old  road  through 
Isaac  Kay's  land  to  an  old  field  formerly 
called  Joshua  Kay's  field  ;  then  leaving  the 
old  road  on  the  right  hand  and  then  on  a  di- 
rect course  through  Kay's  land,  fronting 
Isaac  Kay's  old  brick-yard ;  then  upon 
a  short  turn  to  the  old  cross-road ;  thence 
along  the  old  road  down  to  Kay's  mill 
bridge  ;  thence  over  the  bridge  along  by  the 
mill;  thence  between  the  orchard  and  the 
meadow,  so  into  the  King's  Road." 

A  road  was  laid  out "  Two  poles  or  perches 
wide,  April  12,  1786,  to  lead  from  a  gate  at 
the  outside  of  Benjamin  Morgan's  land  to 
the  great  road  by  John  Burrough,  Jr's.,  land 
and  at  the  school-house  on  his  land."  (Ben- 
jamin Morgan  then  resided  in  the  house  now 
occupied  by  John  D.  Hylton).  ■ 

March  5,  1788,  a  road  was  laid  out  from 
Newton  Meeting-house  to  the  toll-bridge  road 
which  then  crossed  Newton  Creek  from  Glou- 
cester to  Camden.  This  route  was  changed 
April  15,  1795,  and  terminated  at  the  toll- 
bridge  road  "  where  the  Ditch  that  vents  the 
pond  by  Joseph  Kaighn's  house  crosses  the 
same." 

August  9,  1789,  a  road  was  laid  out  from 
near  Blackwood  Meeting-house  to  the  road 
over  Chews  Bridge,  now  Chews  Landing. 

A  struggle  began  October  19,  1793,  for  a 
road  from  Chews  Bridge  (now  Chews  Land- 
ing) to  Coopers  Ferries,  which  lasted  several 
years.  It  was  laid  out  at  the  date  above 
mentioned  and  passed  Newton  Meeting-house. 
Caveat  was  entered,  and  it  was  set  aside  by 
the  court  December  24,  1793;  again  laid 
out  April  8,  1794,  its  terminus  being  at  the 
Haddonfield  road,  near  Marmaduke  Cooper's- 
Caveat  was  again  entered,  and  it  was  va- 
cated by  the  court  December  27,  1794.  A 
few  years  later  it  was  opened  on  the  present 
line,  and  is  now  in  use. 

October  29, 1799,  a  road  was  laid  out  from 
Long-a- Coming  to  the  Blue  Anchor  tavern. 


PUBLIC  INTERNAL  IMPKOVEMENTS. 


345 


nearly  on  the  line,  but  Eastwardly,  of  an  old 
road  and  Indian  trail  of  which  mention  has 
been  made. 

On  the  28th  of  July,  1807,  a  road  was 
laid  out  from  the  "  place  where  William 
Vansciver  keeps  tavern,"  on  the  road  from 
Burlington  to  Coopers  Ferry,  along  the  same 
and  partly  on  a  vacated  road  laid  out  in  1803, 
to  the  bridge  over  Coopers  Creek.  The  tav- 
ern of  William  Vansciver  was  the  old  Sorrel 
Horse  tavern.  The  road  follows  a  route  that 
had  been  used  over  forty  years. 

October  5,  1808,  a  road  was  laid  out  from 
Eve's  Causeway  to  Clements  Bridge  over 
Timber  Creek,  now  known  as  Spark's  Mill 
road. 

April  27,  1809,  the  road  known  as  the 
Church  road  was  laid  out  from  the  Mount 
Holly  stage-road,  where  the  Cove  road  inter- 
sects, to  the  Moorestown  and  Haddonfield 
road,  near  Colestown  Church. 

The  French,  or  Sorrel  Horse  road,  as  it 
was  early  known,  which  ran  from  the  Sorrel 
Horse  tavern  to  Haddonfield,  was  laid  out 
between  1805  and  1810. 

Other  roads  were  laid  out  as  the  country 
became  more  thickly  settled,  and  the  old  ones 
were  shortened  and  improved  and  placed 
under  the  care  of  overseers  of  highways. 

Turnpikes. — The  Haddonfield  and  Cam- 
den turnpike  was  first  a  bridle-path,  and,  in 
1792,  regularly  laid  out,  became  the  great 
highway  from  Haddonfield  to  Cooper's  Fer- 
ries. In  1820  subscriptions  were  obtained 
from  those  interested,  and,  under  charge  of 
John  Roberts,  John  Gill  and  John  Clement, 
it  was  graveled  its  entire  length.  The  first 
effort  to  build  a  turnpike  in  Camden  County 
"  was  over  this  route,  and  on  the  9th  of  March, 
1839,  an  act  of  the  Legislature  was  passed, 
which  provided  for  the  incorporation  of  the 
Haddonfield  and  Camden  Turnpike  Com- 
pany, when  five  hundred  shares  of  the  stock 
were  subscribed.  The  company  was  author- 
ized to  hold  twenty  thousand  dollars  as  capi- 
tal stock,   with  privilege  to  increase  to  fifty 


thousand  dollars,  the  par  value  of  a  share  to 
be  twenty-five  dollars.  Thomas  Redman, 
John  Gill,  Samuel  Nicholson,  Joseph  W. 
Cooper  and  Abraham  Browning  were  ap- 
pointed to  open  books  and  receive  subscrip- 
tions. The  act  provided  that  the  road  be 
four  rods  in  width,  and  thirty  two  feet  to  be 
arched  and  drained,  and  to  be  fifteen  inches 
higher  in  the  centre  than  at  the  sides. 

For  some  reason  the  company  was  not  or- 
ganized under  this  charter,  and,  on  the  26th 
of  September,  1844,  a  meeting  was  held  in 
the  Friends'  School-house,  at  Haddonfield,  to 


AN  OLD  STAGE  COACH. 

take  into  consideration  the  subject  of  improv- 
ing the  road.  Jacob  L.  Rowand  was  ap- 
pointed chairman  and  Thomas  Redman, 
secretary.  A  committee  was  appointed  to 
ascertain  the  best  place  to  obtain  gravel  and 
the  probable  cost  of  improvement.  Another 
meetingwas  held  November  21, 1846,  "to  con- 
sider the  utility  of  macadamizing  or  turnpik- 
ing  the  road  and  of  incorporating  the  same." 
Jacob  L.  Rowand,  Charles  L.  Willitts,  Dr. 
Charles  D.  Hendry, Charles  H.  Shinn,  Joseph 
L.  Shivers  and  John  Clement,  Jr.,  were  ap- 
pointed to  ascertain  the  amount  of  money  that 
could  be  raised  and  the  probable  cost  of  build- 
ing and  the  right-of-way.  An  act  was  passed 
by  the  Legislature,  March  2,  1847,  incorpo- 
rating the  company  and  appointing  as  com- 
missioners, to  receive  subscriptions,  Joseph 
Porter,  John  Gill,  Samuel  Nicholson,  Joseph 
W.  Cooper  and  Joshua  P.  Browning,  or  any 
three  of  them.  The  capital  stock  was  placed 
at  twenty  thousand  dollars,  in  eight  hundred 
shares   of  twenty-five  dollars   each ;    books 


346 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


were  opened  at  the  hotel  of  Thomas  A. 
Pearce,  iu  Haddonfiekl,  Thomas  P.  Clement, 
Camden,  and  Jacob  Leach,  at  Loug-a-Coming 
(Berlin).  Commissioners  Nicholson,  Brown- 
ing and  Gill  were  in  attendance,  and  in  a 
short  time  eleven  thousand  dollars  was  sub- 
scribed. 

On  August  11, 1847,  the  following  persons 
were  chosen  directors,  viz. :  John  Gill,  Joseph 
[-"orter,  John  Clement,  Jr.,  Richard  W.  Snow- 
don,  Edward  Browning,  Samuel  Nicholson, 
Josiah  B.  Evans,  John  E.  Hopkins  and 
Daniel  Conard.  The  board  organized  the 
same  day  by  the  election  of  Samuel  Nichol- 
son as  president  and  Jacob  L.  Rowand  as 
secretary  and  treasurer. 

A  contract  was  made  with  James  Tuthill 
it  Co.  to  construct  the  road,  which  was  soon 
begun  and  finished  in  due  season.  The  turn- 
pike was  to  be  built  from  Haddonfield  to 
Camden,  terminating  at  the  latter  place, 
at  the  junction  of  the  old  road  with 
the  Chews  Landing  road.  A  supplement  to 
the  original  act  authorized  the  company  to 
extend  their  road  along  the  public  road  in 
Camden  to  Federal  Street,  and  thence  by 
way  of  Seventh  Street  to  Market  Street. 
The  turnpike,  under  the  act  of  1847,  was  to 
be  made  thirty -two  feet  in  width,  arched  and 
drained,  and  sixteen  feet  of  it  to  be  com- 
pactly bedded  with  stone  or  gravel. 

It  has  been  kept  in  good  repair  from  that 
time  to  the  present,  and,  on  July  1,  1886, 
declared  its  seventy-third  dividend.  Richard 
W.  Snowdon  was  elected  president  in  1849 
and  served  until  his  death,  in  1868.  Samuel 
Nicholson  was  chosen  to  succeed  him  and 
served  until  1881,  when  the  present  presi- 
dent— John  H.  Lippincott — was  elected. 
Jacob  L.  Rowand  was  chosen  secretary  and 
treasurer  at  the  organization  and  served  until 
his  death,  September  14,  1883,  immediately 
after  which  his  son,  J.  Lewis  Rowand,  was 
elected  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

Before  the  completion  of  the  turnpike 
above  mentioned  the  people    of  the  county 


became  much  interested  in  the  subject,  and 
petitions  were  sent  to  the  Assembly,  asking 
for  the  incorporation  of  several  companies 
desiring  to  build  turnpikes  in  the  limits  of 
Camden  County.  On  the  28th  of  February, 
1849,  the  following  companies  were  incor- 
porated :  Moorestown  and  Camden,  Camden, 
Ellisburg  and  Marlton,  Woodbury  and  Cam- 
den, Westfield  and  Camden  and  Williams- 
town  and  Camden.  The  routes  over  which 
the  companies  were  desirous  of  building 
pikes  were,  in  all  cases,  old-established  roads, 
and  the  acts  of  incorporation  provided  that 
the  road-beds  should  be  at  least  thirty-two 
feet  in  width,  arched  and  drained,  and  six- 
teen feet  thereof  should  be  made  of  stone, 
gravel,  or  plank,  the  bridges  to  be  from 
eleven  to  twenty  feet  in  width. 

The  Moorestown  and  Camden,  Camden, 
Ellisburg  and  Marlton,  and  the  Westfield 
and  Camden  Companies  were  all  chartered 
February  28,  1849,  and  the  southern  ter- 
minus was  at  the  Truss  Bridge,  over  Coopers 
Creek,  in  Camden.  From  the  point  of 
junction  the  three  companies  united  in  build- 
ing the  turnpike  to  the  bridge.  The  excessive 
travel  upon  this  part  of  the  road  in  later 
years  required  a  more  substantial  road,  and 
it  has  been  laid  with  rubble,  which  has  since 
been  reiaid.  The  companies  were  not  or- 
ganized at  once,  as  some  time  was  required 
to  obtain  subscriptions.  They  were,  however, 
built  between  1852  and  1855. 

In  1840  the  attention  of  the  people  living 
along  the  line  of  the  Moorestown  and  Cam- 
den road  was  called  to  the  necessity  of  turn- 
piking  or  graveling  the  heavy  and  sandy 
parts  of  the  road.  The  question  was  agi- 
tated, and,  on  the  16th  of  January,  1841,  a 
meeting  was  held  at  Daniel  Bennett's  hotel, 
in  Moorestown,  at  which  three  persons  were 
selected  to  report  at  a  future  meeting  the 
most  desirable  way  of  improving  the  road, 
and  Richard  M.  Hugg,  William  Collins  and 
Samuel  Church  were  appointed  to  solicit 
subscriptions  for  the  purpose.     At  a  meeting 


PUBLIC  INTEENAL  IMPROVEMENTS. 


347 


held  February  8,  1841,  the  committee  re- 
ported the  cost  at  two  thousand  dollars  per 
mile.  Subscriptions  were  obtained,  and, 
three  years  later,  on  the  15th  of  August, 
1844,  a  meeting  of  subscribers  was  held,  to 
take  measures  to  gravel  the  road.  But  little 
more  was  done  until  1849,  when  the  Moores- 
town  and  Camden  Company  was  chartered. 
Amos  Stiles,  Elisha  Hunt,  Allen  Jones, 
Levi  Barton,  Joseph  A.  Burrough  and  Ben- 
jamin W.  Cooper  were  authorized  to  open 
books  for  subscription  to  the  amount  of 
fifty  thousand  dollars.  An  amount  was  sub- 
scribed, in  course  of  time,  sufficient  to  per- 
fect an  organization,  and  Edward  Harris  was 
chosen  president  and  Dr.  J.  J.  Spencer,  trea- 
surer. 

The  road  was  built  of  gravel,  as  specified 
in  the  act.  Two  toll-gates  were  erected.  On 
the  17th  of  February,  1853,  the  company,  by 
act  of  Assembly,  was  authorized  to  construct 
a  road  to  connect  with  the  Mount  Holly  and 
Moorestown  turnpike,  and  on  February  12, 
1855,  to  connect  with  the  Fellowship  and 
Church  roads,  in  Burlington  County.  The 
company  have  imited  with  the  Westfield  and 
Camden  turnpike  to  build  a  macadamized 
road,  eighteen  feet  in  width,  from  the  point 
of  junction  with  that  road  to  the  point  of 
junction  with  the  Camden,  EUisburg  and 
Marlton  turnpike. 

Upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Harris,  Eichard 
M.  Hugg,  was  chosen  president,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Eramor  Robert,  who  is  still 
president.  Dr.  J.  J.  Spencer,  as  treasurer, 
was  succeeded  by  the  present  incumbent, 
Israel  Hewlings.  John  S.  Collins  is  the 
present  secretary. 

The  Westfield  and  Camden  Turnpike  Com- 
pany was  incorporated  by  an  act  of  the  Leg- 
islature, which  authorized  Samuel  R.  Lippin- 
cott,  Nathaniel  N.  Stokes,  John  S.  Hylton, 
William  Folwell,  Chalkley  Gillingham,  Jos. 
R.  Weatherby  and  Nathan  H.  Conrow  to 
open  books  for  subscriptions.  The  capital 
stock  was  placed  at  seven  thousand  dollars. 


with  privilege  to  raise  to  fourteen  thousand 
dollars.  The  road  was  to.  be  built  from 
the  bridge  over  Pensauken  Creek  along 
the  old  Burlington  road,  to  near  the  Truss 
Bridge  over  Coopers  Creek.  The  road- 
bed was  made  of  gravel,  and  in  use  until 
1886,  when  arrangements  were  made  to  mac- 
adamize the  road  from  the  point  of  inter- 
section with  the  Moorestown  and  Camden 
turnpike  to  Pensauken  Creek,  at  a  cost  of 
seven  thousand  dollars  per  mile,  which  is  now 
being  done.  The  company  united  with  the 
Moorestown  and  Camden  Turnpike  Company 
to  macadamize  the  road  eighteen  feet  in 
width,  from  the  point  of  intersection  to  the 
intersection  with  the  Camden,  Ellisburg  and 
Marlton  pike.  Upon  the  organization  of  the 
company  Ezra  Evans  was  chosen  president. 
On  the  4th  of  March,  1853,  the  company 
was  authorized  to  construct  a  road  from  Pen- 
sauken Creek  to  connect  with  the  Beverly 
and  Mount  Holly  plank-road,  which  was 
done.  The  present  officers  are  Heulings 
Lippincott  (president)  and  Clayton  Conrow 
(secretary  and  treasurer). 

The  first  effiDrt  at  making  turnpike  im- 
provement on  the  route  of  the  Camden, 
Ellisburg  and  Marlton  turnpike  was  at  a 
meeting  held  at  the  house  of  Joseph  Ellis, 
at  Ellisburg,  on  the  26th  of  September,  1844. 
The  object  of  the  meeting  was  to  make  ar- 
rangements to  gravel  the  sandy  parts  of  the 
road  leading  from  Medford  through  Marlton 
to  its  junction  with  the  Moorestown'road  near 
Camden.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  so- 
licit subscriptions  and  ascertain  the  cost  of 
the  work  proposed.  But  little  was  done  until 
the  act  of  incorporation  was  obtained,  in 
1849. 

The  Camden,  Ellisburg  and  Marlton  Turn- 
pike Company  had  its  origin  in  an  act  desig- 
nating as  commissioners  to  solicit  subscrip- 
tions to  the  capital  stock  (thirty  thousand 
dollars,  with  privilege  of  increasing  to  fifty 
thou,sand  dollars)  Thomas  Evans,  Ezra 
Evans,   Joseph    H.   Coles,    Charles  Knight., 


348 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Edward  Browning  and  Jacob  Troth.  The 
road-bed  was  laid  with  gravel,  and  with  re- 
pairs, is  Itept  in  good  condition.  On  the  24th 
of  March,  1852,  the  company  was  authorized 
to  extend  the  road  to  Medford,  and  March 
14, 1856,  from  the  Point  House,  in  Delaware 
township,  to  Green  Tree  tavern,  in  Burling- 
ton County.  By  act  of  April  12,  1876,  that 
part  of  the  pike  from  Medford  to  Darnell's 
Corner  was  abandoned  because  of  the  de- 
crease of  receipts  after  the  completion  of  the 
railroad.  The  first  president  of  the  company 
was  Ezra  Evans.  The  present  officers  are 
Freedom  W.  Lippincott  (president)  and  Wil- 
liam J.  Evans  (secretary  and  treasurer). 

The  Woodbury  and  Camden  turnpike  was 
chartered  the  same  day  as  the  preceding  com- 
panies, February  28,  1849,  Robert  K.  Mat- 
lack,  Benjamin  Tatem,  John  B.  Harrison, 
John  R.  Sickler,  John  Gaunt,  Nathan  T. 
Stratton,  Charles  F.  Clark,  John  W.  Hazel- 
ton,  John  Duell,  Thomas  H.  Whitney,  John 
W.  Mickle,  Charles  Kaighn  and  Abraham 
Browning  being  appointed  commissioners. 
The  company  was  authorized  to  raise  capital 
stock  to  the  amount  of  thirty  thousand  dol- 
lars, with  privilege  to  increase  to  fifty  thou- 
sand dollars.  A  supplement  to  the  act  of  in- 
corporation was  passed  March  26,  1852, 
authorizing  the  company  to  construct  a  turn- 
pike or  plank-road  from  Pine  Grove  tavern 
to  some  point  in  Camden,  and  Abraham 
Browning,  John  W.  Mickle,  Charles  Kaighn, 
John  K.  Cowperthwait  and  Stephen  Craven 
were  appointed  commissioners. 

The  Mullica  Hill  and  Woodbury  Turn- 
pike Company,  incorporated  at  the  same  time 
as  the  other,  was,  by  act  of  Assembly,  March 
1,  1849,  consolidated  with  the  Woodbury  and 
Camden,  and  assumed  the  name  of  Mullica 
Hill  and  Camden  Turnpike  Company.  On 
the  .3d  of  March,  1853,  an  act  was  passed 
authorizing  the  name  of  the  Woodbury  and 
Camden  Turnpike  Company  to  be  changed 
to  Camden  and  Gloucester  City  Turnpike 
Company.      An  act  passed  March  14,  1870, 


authorized  the  abandonment  of  that  part  of 
the  pike  from  Pine  Grove  to  Camden,  and 
the  remainder  is  still  in  use. 

The  Gloucester  turnpike  is  a  gravel  road 
built  on  the  line  of  an  old  plank -road,  and 
extends  from  Gloucester  City  to  Woodbury, 
a  distance  of  four  and  a  half  miles.  The 
act  of  Assembly  granting  the  charter  was  ap- 
proved by  the  Governor  of  New  Jersey 
March  5,  1850.  The  incorporators,  who  al- 
so became  the  first  board  of  directors,  were 
Thomas  S.  Ridge  way,  Benjamin  T.  McMur- 
trie.  Cooper  B.  Browning,  Joshua  P.  Brown- 
ing and  Wm.  S.  Doughten.  The  first  presi- 
dent of  this  company  after  its  organization 
was  Benjamin  McMurtrie,  and  the  first  sec- 
retary and  treasurer  was  Charles  Hay.  The 
officers  for  1886  are  Joseph  Hatch,  presi- 
dent ;  J.  Lynn  Truscott,  treasurer ;  and 
Edmund  E.  Read,  Jr.,  secretary  ;  who,  to- 
gether with  Henry  C.  Clark  and  Samuel  P. 
Lippincott,  constitute  the  board  of  directors 
of  the  company. 

The  Williamstown  and  Camden  Turnpike 
Company,  chartered  February  28,  1849,  was 
authorized  to  raise  stock  to  the  amount  of 
fifty  thousand  dollars  and  to  construct  a 
turnpike  of  stone,  gravel  or  plank  between 
the  points  named  in  its  title.  Joel  Bodine, 
William  Corkney,  Edward  Brewer,  Hiram 
Morgan,  John  W.  Mickle,  Edward  Brown- 
ing and  David  E.  Marshall  were  appointed 
commissioners  to  solicit  subscriptions.  The 
construction  of  the  railroad  led  to  the  aban- 
donment of  part  of  the  road,  and  on  the 
24th  of  March,  1852,  the  Williamstown  and 
Good  Intent  Turnpike  Company  was  char- 
tered, with  John  Bodine,  David  E.  Marshall, 
Richard  H.  Tice,  Samuel  Rommel,  John  F. 
Bodine,  Joseph  Nicholson,  William  Taylor, 
William  Tweed  and  Samuel  D.  Sharp  as 
commissioners.  The  road  was  built  from 
Blackwood  to  Williamstown  and  is  now  in 
operation. 

The  Stockton  and  Newton  Turnpike  Com- 
pany was  chartered  March  18,  1859,  with 


PUBLIC  INTEENAL  IMPKOVEMENTS. 


349 


John  M.  Kaighn,  Joseph  M.  Cooper,  Charles 
Kaighn,  Henry  B.  "Wilson  and  William 
S.  Doughten  commissioners,  with  power  to 
build  a  turnpike  from  Kaighn  Point  through 
Stockton  to  the  Haddonfield  turnpike,  and 
from  the  city  on  the  straight  road,  being  a 
continuation  of  Market  Street,  to  an  intersec- 
tion with  the  Haddonfield  turnpike. 

The  Camden  and  Blackwoodtown  Turn- 
pike Company  became  an  incorporated  body 
by  an  act  of  the  Assembly  March  24,  1855, 
to  construct  and  operate  a  turnpike  between 
the  points  named  in  the  title  of  the  bill. 
The  capital  stock  was  fixed  at  twelve  thou- 
sand dollars,  with  the  privilege  of  increasing 
the  same  to  twenty-five  thousand  dollars,  the 
par  value  of  each  share  to  be  twenty-five  dol- 
lars. John  W.  Mickle,  John  M.  Kaighn,  John 
D.  Glover,  Arthur  Brown,  Abraham  Brown- 
ing, Joshua  Sickler,  Charles  S.  Garrett,  John 
North  and  Isaac  W.  Mickle  were  designated 
as  commissioners  to  open  books  and  receive 
subscriptions.  Soon  after  the  road  was  con- 
structed through  Mount  Ephraim  and  Chews 
Landing  to  the  present  village  of  Blackwood, 
a  distance  of  ten  miles,  where  it  connected 
with  the  Good  Intent  and  Williamstown 
turnpike.  A  grade  of  thirty  feet  width  was 
established  and  a  good  road-bed  secured, 
which  has  since  been  improved  to  an  excel- 
lent condition.  The  office  of  the  company  is 
at  Mount  Ephraim.  The  officers  for  1886 
are  William  Nicholson,  president;  Joseph 
M.  Haines,  treasurer  ;  Benjamin  Tomlinson, 
secretary.  John  Shubert,  Samuel  C.  Cooper, 
Thomas  Scott  and  John  D.  Glover,  with  the 
officers  named,  form  the  directory.  The  ex- 
ecutive committee  of  the  company  is  com- 
posed of  Joseph  M.  Haines,  John  D.  Glover 
and  Benjamin  Tomlinson,  who  have  personal 
supervision  of  the  road,  which  is  well  patron- 
ized. 

The  White    Horse    Turnpike    Company 

was  incorporated  January  27,  1854,  having 

authority  to  build  a  pike  on  the  White  Horse 

road  from  the  junction  of  Haddonfield  and 

41 


Camden  turnpike  to  where  it  crosses  the 
road  leading  from  Haddonfield  to  Clem- 
ents Bridge.  On  the  17th  of  March,  1855, 
authority  was  given  the  company  to  extend 
the  pike  from  its  termination,  along  the 
White  Horse  road,  to  the  White  Horse  tav- 
ern, and  March  6,  1857,  to  Long-a-Coming 
(Berlin).  The  corporators  of  the  road  were 
John  W.  Mickle,  John  Gill,  Samuel  Nichol- 
son, Joseph  B.  Tatum,  Isaac  Z.  Ceilings, 
Samuel  S.  Willits  and  Joseph  B.  Cooper. 

The  Camden  and  Atlantic  Turnpike  Com- 
pany was  incorporated  March  25, 1852,  with 
an  authorized  capital  of  fifty  thousand  dol- 
lars, and  privilege  of  building  a  turnpike  or 
plank-road  from  Haddonfield,  through  Long- 
a-Comiug,  Tansboro',  Blue  Anchor  and  Wins- 
low,  in  Camden  County,  and  Weymouth  and 
Emmelville  to  Hamilton  Bridge,  in  Atlantic 
County,  but  it  was  inoperative. 

The  Berlin  and  Haddonfield  Turnpike 
Company,  incorporated  in  1875,  was  also  in- 
operative. 

railroads. 

The  Camden  and   Amboy  Eaileoad 

AND      TeANSPOETATION      COMPANY,    which 

was  the  first  built  of  all  the  railroads  in 
West  Jersey,  was  incorporated  by  act  of  the 
Legislature  February  4,  1830,  with  a  capital 
stock  of  one  million  dollars,  in  shares  of  one 
hundred  dollars  each,  the  company  having 
the  privilege  to  increase  it  to  one  million  five 
hundred  thousand  dollars.  The  president 
was  John  Stevens,  who  had  projected  the  first 
railroad  from  Philadelphia  to  Columbia,  Pa. 
Traffic  arrangements  were  made  with  the 
lines  of  stages  and  steamboats  crossing  the 
State  between  New  York  and  Philadelphia  • 
and  Mr.  Stevens,  with  the  aid  of  steam  on 
the  railway,  said  that  a  speed  of  fifteen  miles 
an  hour  might  be  safely  reached,  and  the 
journey  from  one  city  to  the  other  made  in 
six  hours,  which  he  considered  would  "  be 
found  to  be  sufficiently  rapid  for  all  practical 
purposes."  The  charter  provided  that  the 
State   might   subscribe  to  one-fourth  of  the 


350 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


stock  on  or  before  January  1,  1831,  but  this 
right  was  never  exercised.  The  company 
was  empowered  to  build  from  Camden  to 
some  point  on  Earitan  Bay,  the  road-bed  to 
be  not  more  than  one  hundred  feet  wide, 
with  as  many  trades  as  might  be  needed. 
The  charges  were  limited  to  ten  cents  per 
mile  for  each  passenger,  and  eight  cents  per 
ton  per  mile  for  transportation  of  freight. 
The  company  was  exempted  from  State  tax- 
ation, in  lieu  of  which  it  was  required  to  pay 
to  the  State  ten  cents  for  each  passenger  and 
fifteen  cents  for  each  ton  of  freight  carried. 
It  was  also  stipulated  that  if  the  Legislature 
should  authorize  the  construction  of  any 
other  railroad  across  New  Jersey,  from  New 
York  to  Philadelphia,  which  road  should 
commence  and  terminate  within  three  miles 
of  the  terminals  of  the  Camden  and  Amboy, 
then  these  head  and  tonnage  dues  should 
cease,  and  the  other  road  should  be  liable  to 
the  State  for  a  tax  not  less  in  amount  than 
the  sum  payable  by  this  company.  Suitable 
steam  or  other  vessels  were  required  to  be 
provided  at  each  terminus  to  make  connec- 
tions with  New  York  and  Philadelphia. 
The  road  was  to  be  begun  within  two  and 
completed  within  nine  years,  and  the  State 
reserved  the  right  to  purchase  it  after  the 
expiration  of  thirty  years,  at  a  valuation  to 
be  fixed  by  law.  By  an  act  passed  February 
4, 1831,  the  State  agreed  to  take  and  pay 
the  installments  upon  a  thousand  shares  of 
the  stock  and  appoint  a  director  ;  but  if  an- 
other railway  was  constructed  between  Phil- 
adelphia and  New  York,  the  shares  were  to 
revert  to  the  company,  and  the  State  was  to 
receive  no  more  dividends  from  them.  To 
further  shield  the  road  from  competition,  it 
was  stipulated  that  it  should  not  be  lawful 
to  construct  another  railroad  across  New 
Jersey,  within  three  miles  of  the  Camden  and 
Amboy,  until  after  the  nine  years  allowed  for 
the  completion  of  the  latter. 

On  February  15,  1831,  this  company  and 
the  Delaware  and  Raritan  Canal  Company 


were  consolidated  by  an  act  of  the  Legisla- 
ture ;  they  were  made  jointly  liable  for  con- 
tracts entered  into  by  either,  and  were  for- 
bidden to  charge  more  than  three  dollars 
passenger  fare  between  Philadelphia  and 
New  York ;  it  was  required  that  both  rail- 
way and  canal  should  be  completed  within 
the  nine  years,  and  if  one  was  finished  before 
the  other,  the  finished  work  was  to  be  for- 
feited to  the  State.  By  an  act  of  March  2, 
1832,  the  State  accepted  one  thousand  shares 
of  the  joint  capital  stock,  and  tlie  companies 
contracted  that  if  within  a  year  after  the 
completion  of  the  road  from  Bordentown  to 
Amboy,  the  transit  duties  and  the  dividends 
on  these  shares  did  not  amount  to  thirty 
thousand  dollars,  they  would  pay  the  defi- 
ciency to  the  State,  and  so  annually  thereafter. 
They  determined  to  build  a  railroad  from 
Spottswood  to  New  Brunswick  as  soon  as  a 
line  united  New  Brunswick  with  the  Hud- 
son River,  and  the  State  bound  itself  not  to 
grant  a  franchise  to  any  competing  road 
without  the  assent  of  the  consolidated  com- 
panies. This  complicated  legislation  grew 
out  of  the  desire  of  the  State  to  make  the 
railroad  projectors  pay  well  for  their  monop- 
oly, while  the  latter  purposed  to  shut  out 
any  rivalry  and  to  make  it  the  interest  of  the 
State  to  vest  in  their  hands  the  control  of  all 
rapid  transit  between  the  two  principal  cities 
of  the  country.  But  there  was  so  little  con- 
fidence in  the  feasibility  of  railroads  at  the 
time  the  first  began  to  be  constructed,  that 
the  Legislature  of  New  Jersey  inserted  in  the 
charter  a  provision  that  it  should  be  annulled 
if  the  company  abandoned  the  road  or  failed 
to  keep  it  in  repair  for  three  successive  years. 
In  February,  1833,  thirty-five  miles  of 
track  had  been  laid  between  South  Amboy 
and  Bordentown,  at  a  maximum  cost  of 
eighteen  thousand  dollars  per  mile,  and  pas- 
sengers and  freight  were  transported  in  car- 
riages drawn  by  horses.  The  rails  were  of 
cast-iron,  laid  upon  blocks  of  stone  or  wooden 
sleepers,  three  feet  apart.    According  to  Gor- 


PUBLIC  INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS. 


351 


don's  Gazetteer  of  that  year  :  "  The  remainder 
of  the  road,  from  Bordentown  to  Camden,  is 
in  progress,  and  is  being  constructed  of  wood 
faced  with  iron  bars,  it  being  supposed  that 
it  will  not  be  employed  more  than  two  or 
three  months  in  the  year,  and  will  therefore 
not  require  the  strength  of  the  portion  be- 
tween Bordentown  and  New  York."  A  first 
train  passed  over  the  entire  length  of  the  road 
in  October,  1834.  It  was  drawn  by  the  engine 
"John  Bull,"  which  had  been  built  in  1831 
for  the  company  by  George  and  Robert  Stev- 
enson, at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  England. 
The  diinensions  of  this  first  locomotive 
which  crossed  the  bounds  of  old  Glou- 
cester County  were  as  follows :  Cylinders, 
nine  inches  diameter,  twenty  inches  stroke  ; 
one  pair  driving-wheels,  four  feet,  six  inches 
diameter ;  one  pair  front  wheels  of  same 
diameter.  The  hubs  were  of  cast-iron,  the 
spokes  and  rims  of  wood,  and  the  tires  of 
wrought-iron  ;  weight  of  engine,  about  ten 
tons.  The  builders  landed  it  at  Philadel- 
phia in  August,  1831,  from  whence  it  was 
taken  to  Bordentown  in  sections  on  a  sloop. 
There  it  was  put  together  on  a  piece  of  track 
three-quarters  of  a  mile  long,  which  was  all 
that  the  company  had  then  permanently  laid 
down.  A  tender  and  water-tank  was  con- 
structed by  mounting  a  whiskey  hogshead 
upon  a  four-wheeled  platform  car,  and  the 
connection  between  the  pumps  and  the  tank 
was  made  by  a  leather  hose  supplied  by  a 
Bordentown  shoemaker.  Steam  was  raised 
on  September  1 5th,  and,  in  the  presence  of  the 
officers  of  the  road,  the  engine  was  run  over 
the  bit  of  track.  On  November  12th  the 
engine  was  given  a  public  trial,  the  members 
of  the  New  Jersey  Legislature  and  promi- 
nent railroad  men  and'  engineers  being  in- 
vited to  witness  it.  Isaac  Dripps  was  en- 
gineer, Benjamin  Higgins  did  the  firing  and 
Robert  L.  Stevens  supervised  affiiirs.  Then 
the  engine  was  retired  until  brought  into  ac- 
tive service  on  the  completion  of  the  line,  in 
1814,  and  for  thirty-three  years  afterward  it 


did  regular  duty.     In  1876  the  historic  en- 
gine was  exhibited  at  the  Centennial. 

It  is  interesting  to  observe  the  ideas  and 
experiments  of  early  inventors  concerning 
locomotive,  steamboats  and  traction  engines. 
When  compared  with  the  perfection  reached 
in  this  direction  to-day,  we  notice  that  Oliver 
Evans,  about  the  year  1804,  constructed 
what  he  called  a  steam-carriage,  which  cor- 
responded in  many  respects  to  the  "  John 
Bull"  engine  above-named.  This  some- 
what novel  carriage  was  exhibited  on  the 
roads  near  Philadelphia,  and  propelled  for 
a  short  distance  amid  much  enthusiasm. 

The  total  cost  of  the  tixty-four  miles  of 
the  Camden  and  Amboy  road  was  eleven 
million  two  hundred  and  twenty-one  thou- 
sand six  hundred  and  ninety-six  dollars, 
and  it  was  finished  in  1837  through  to  the 
Camden  water-front  at  Broadway.  The  sur- 
veys had  been  begun  on  June  16,  1830,  by 
Major  John  Wilson  and  his  assistant  engi- 
neers, and  in  the  middle  of  January,  1833 
passengers  passed  between  Bordentown  and 
Amboy  by  train,  and  between  Bordentown 
and  Philadelphia  in  the  steamer  "  Trenton.' 
A  year  afterward  the  rails  had  been  laid  to 
within  eleven  miles  of  Camden,  with  which 
connection  was  made  by  horse-power.  The 
United  States  mail  was  sent  for  the  first 
time  from  the  Philadelphia  post-office  to 
Camden,  to  be  sent  to  New  York,  on  Decem- 
ber 29,  1834.  The  entire  track  from  Cam- 
den to  Amboy  was  in  full  use  by  the  early 
spring  of  1835,  and  a  newspaper  noted  it  as 
"  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  instances  of 
rapid  traveling  on  record,  that  passengers 
were  taken  from  Philadelphia  to  New  York, 
distance  computed  to  be  ninety-four  miles,  in 
four  and  three-quarters  hours,  including  the 
land  and  water  transportation." 

This  was  the  great  route  of  travel  between 
Philadelphia  and  New  York  until  the  con- 
struction of  the  more  direct  line  via  Trenton 
and  Jersey  City.  By  an  agreement  made  in 
January,   1867,  tlie  United   Companies,  the 


352 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Philadelphia  and  Trenton  Railroad  Com- 
pany and  the  New  Jersey  Eailroad  and 
Transportation  Company,  which  owned  the 
line  between  New  Brunswick  and  Jersey 
City,  were  consolidated  as  the  United  Rail- 
road and  Canal  Companies  of  New  Jersey,  on 
the  basis  of  an  equal  division  of  profits  be- 
tween the  three  railroads  and  the  Delaware 
and  Raritan  Canal  Company.  In  May, 
1871,  all  these  properties  were  leased  for 
nine  hundred  and  ninety-nine  years  to  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company  under  a 
guarantee  of  dividends  of  ten  per  cent,  upon 
the  capital  stock,  and,  after  a  long  and  bitter 
resistance  in  the  courts,  the  lease  was  con- 
firmed by  an  act  of  the  New  Jersey  Legisla- 
ture approved  March  27,  1873. 

Andrew  Heath,  one  of  the  first  con- 
ductors on  the  Camden  and  Amboy  Rail- 
road, and  for  many  years  captain  of  the 
ferry-boat  for  the  same  company,  during  a 
period  of  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century, 
was  familiarly  known  to  thousands  of  trav- 
elers who  passed  between  the  cities  of  New 
York  and  Philadelphia.  He  was  born  in 
1812  in  Germantown,  Pa.,  and  was  a  son  of 
Charles  Heath  and  Amy  Pedrick,  his  wife, 
both  of  whom  were  prominent  members  of 
the  Society  of  Friends.  Andrew  Heath, 
after  obtaining  his  education  in  the  Friends' 
School  of  his  native  town,  learned  the  tan- 
ner's trade  with  his  father,  and  followed  that 
occupation  until  he  attained  his  majority. 
He  then,  upon  the  completion  of  the  Camden 
and  Amboy  Railroad,  became  one  of  its  first 
conductors,  moved  to  Camden,  where  he 
resided  the  remainder  of  his  life,  and  contin- 
ued in  the  employ  of  the  company  until  his 
death.  After  retiring  from  the  position  of 
railroad  conductor  he  was  made  captain  of 
the  steamboat  "Washington,"  belonging  to 
the  railroad  company,  which  conveyed  its 
passengers  from  Walnut  Street  wharf,  Phila- 
delphia, to  Tacony,  carrying  the  passengers 
of  the  Camden  and  Amboy  and  Philadelphia 
and  Trenton  Railroads.    After  the  companies 


abandoned  that  route  of  travel  across  the 
Delaware  River,  aud  constructed  the  bridge 
at  Trenton,  Captain  Heath,  in  the  same  em- 
ploy, conveyed  passengers  in  his  boat,  which 
plied  between  Philadelphia  aud  Camden. 
The  "  State  Rights,"  a  large  steamer,  was 
placed  on  this  line ;  Mr.  Heath  became  its 
captain,  and  held  that  position  until  his 
death,  on  August  23,  1871.  His  gentle- 
manly and  courteous  manners  made  him  very 
popular  with  the  travelers  and  highly  ap- 
preciated by  the  officers  of  the  company.  In 
1838  he  was  married  to  Matilda  Pike,  of 
Berks  County,  Pa.,  by  whom  he  had  seven 
children,  of  whom  Charles,  Amy,  Edwin 
and  Andrew  died  within  a  period  of  three 
days  of  diphtheria,  during  the  prevalence 
of  that  disease  in  Camden. 

Robert  F.,  the  second  son,  is  now  register 
of  Camden  County  and  also  extensively  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  of  straw  goods  in 
Philadelphia.  Matilda  is  married  to  James 
B.  Boyer,  of  Camden,  and  they  now  reside 
in  New  York  City.  John,  the  youngest  sur- 
viving son,  was  married  to  Jennie  Thistle, 
of  Philadelphia,  and  now  is  an  employee  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company  at 
their  office  in  Fourth  Street,  Philadelphia. 

Projects  that  Came  to  Naught. — 
After  the  Camden  and  Amboy  Railroad  was 
built,  a  desire  began  to  grow  among  the 
people  for  a  railroad  connecting  Camden  with 
the  Atlantic  coast,  and  on  March  10,  1836, 
an  act  was  passed  which  granted  a  charter  to 
the  "Camden  and  Egg  Harbor  Railroad 
Company,"  with  an  authorized  capital  of 
two  hundred  thousand  dollars.  The  corpo- 
rators were  Jesse  Richards,  Samuel  B.  Finch, 
Timothy  Pharo,  Ebenezer  Tucker  and  Wil- 
liam McCarty.  The  route  was  to  be  from 
Camden  to  Quaker  Bridge,  in  Burlington 
County,  thence  to  McCartyville  or  Wading 
River,  thence  to  or  near  Tuokerton.  The 
company  was  authorized  to  build  a  branch  to 
Great  Egg  Harbor  Bay.  This  road  was 
never  built.     Four  years  later  a  notice  of  ap- 


PUBLIC  INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS. 


353 


plication  to  the  Legislature  of  New  Jersey 
was  made,  December  12,  1840,  for  an  act  to 
incorporate  a  company  under  the  name  of 
"  The  People's  Railroad  Company,"  with  a 
capital  of  one  million  dollars,  and  power  to 
construct  a  railroad  from  some  point  on  the 
Delaware  at  or  near  Camden,  or  between 
Trenton  or  Camden,  to  the  city  of  New 
Brunswick.  In  the  case  of  this  application  no 
charter  was  granted,  but  in  a  few  years  after 
charters  were  granted  and  roads  were  built. 

The  Camden  and  Atlantic  Rail- 
road, extending  from  Coopers  Point,  Cam- 
den, to  Atlantic  City,  a  distance  of  fifty-eight 
and  three-fourths  miles,  was  chartered  by  the 
New  Jersey  Legislature  March  19,  1852. 
The  incorporators  as  named  in  the  charter 
were  John  W.  Mickle,  Abraham  Browning, 
Joseph  Porter,  Andrew  K.  Hay,  John  H. 
Coffin,  John  Stanger,  Jesse  Richards,  Thos. 
H.  Richards,  Edmund  Taylor,  Joseph 
Thompson,  Robert  Risley,  Enoch  Doughty 
and  Jonathan  Pitney,  who  were  empowered  to 
open  books  and  receive  subscriptions  to  stock. 

A  meeting  for  that  purpose  was  held  at 
the  "Arch  Street  House,"  Philadelphia,  then 
kept  by  Thompson  Newkirk,  on  the  24th 
day  of  June,  1852.  After  the  entire  amount 
of  five  hundred  thousand  dollars,  in  ten  thou- 
sand shares,  was  subscribed,  the  stockholders 
elected  the  following-named  persons  as  di- 
rectors: Wm.  Coffin,  Joseph  Porter,  Andrew 
K.  Hay,  Thos.  H.  Richards,  Enoch  Doughty, 
Jonathan  Pitney,  Stephen  Colwell,  Samuel 
Richards  and  Wm.  Fleming.  The  board  or- 
ganized by  electing  Alexander  K.  Hay, 
president,  and  Samuel  Richards,  secretary 
and  treasurer,  as  temporary  officers.  Richard 
B.  Osborne  was  engaged  as  the  engineer. 
He  made  the  survey  and  the  work  of  con- 
structing the  road  was  immediately  com- 
menced. On  November  19,  1852,  the  ferry 
property  at  Coopers  Point,  the  western  ter- 
minus of  the  projected  road,  was  purchased 
of  William  Cooper  for  forty  thousand  dol- 
lars.    Hon.  Thomas  P.  Carpenter  was  chosen 


counsel  for  the  company.  In  October,  1853, 
the  road  was  formally  opened  from  Coopers 
Point  through  Haddonfield  to  Long-a-Com- 
ing  (now  Berlin),  a  distance  of  sixteen  and 
a  half  miles,  and  on  July  4,  1854,  the  entire 
road  was  completed  to  the  ocean  and  the 
first  trains  ran  over  the  route  on  that  day. 

Soon  after  the  completion  of  the  railroad 
a  telegraph  line  was  extended  by  the  company 
along  the  entire  route.  In  1865  this  line  was 
leased  by  the  American  Telegraph  Company 
and  subsequently  by  its  successors,  the  West- 
ern Union  Telegraph  Company. 

The  Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad,  as 
completed  in  1854,  was  the  first  railroad  to 
be  constructed  across  the  State  of  New  Jersey 
to  the  ocean,  and  thus  became  an  influential 
factor  in  developing  the  internal  resources  of 
the  State. 

This  enterprise  in  its  inception  was  by 
capitalists  and  business  men  regarded  as  "ex- 
tra hazardous."  The  applicants  for  the 
charter  met  with  no  opposition  before  the 
Legislature,  for  no  one  suspected  the  road 
would  be  built.  There  were  no  towns  of 
any  size  on  the  proposed  line,  but  few  manu- 
facturers, and  absolutely  nothing  at  the  east- 
ern terminus,  save  the  broad  expanse  of  the 
Atlantic  Ocean. 

The  arguments  that  a  railroad  would  bring 
the  extensive  tracts  of  waste  land  into  market 
at  last  induced  the  owners  of  these  lands  to 
move  in  the  matter  and  after  many  consulta- 
tions the  work  was  begun.  The  opposition 
and  annoyances  that  follow  all  such  under- 
takings were  attendant  on  this,  and  often 
the  projectors  saw  nothing  short  of  insolven- 
cy and  individual  ruin  surrounding  them. 
As  any  town  was  reached,  a  line  of  passen- 
ger cars  would  be  put  on,  which  produced 
some  revenue  and  encouraged  the  stockhold- 
ers. Occasionally  rumors  were  afloat  that 
the  work  would  be  abandoned  and  the  slow 
manner  in  which  the  grading  and  track-laying 
east  of  Winslow  was  conducted  seemed  to 
confirm   this  story.      At  last  the  meadows 


354 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


were  crossed  and  the  terminal  point  on  Abse- 
com  beach  was  reached.  Visitors  looked  out 
upon  the  ocean.  They  were  surrounded  by 
11  barren  but  a  high  beach,  where  the  bathing 
was  all  that  could  be  asked. 

Out  of  the  sand,  the  sedge  and  the  slashes 
arose  a  town  filled  with  a  permanent,  as  well 
as  a  transient  population,  seeking  after 
liealth,  recreation  and  fortune. 

The  line  of  the  road  is  now  crowded  with 
towns  immediate  and  towns  prospective,  with 
farms  and  factories  where  hundreds  of  people 
are  employed  and  obtain  a  comfortable  live- 
lihood. On  either  side  the  soil  has  been 
cleared  and  found  suitable  for  all  the  crops 
adapted  to  the  climate.  Abandoned  water- 
l)owers  are  utilized  either  for  cranberry- 
growing  or  manufacturing.  Grapes  and  all 
tlie  small  fruits  grow  luxuriantly  and  make 
a  profitable  yield  to  the  growers,  thus  main- 
taining a  population  on  the  soil  where  noth- 
ing had  before  been  produced. 

Dividends  upon  the  stock  of  the  Camden 
and  Atlantic  Railroad  Company  have  been 
paid  as  follows : 

October  1,  1872,  three  and  one-half  per  cent,  on 
the  preferred  stock ;  November  15,  1873,  three  and 
one-half  per  cent,  on  the  preferred  stock  ;  October 
1,  1874,  seven  per  cent,  on  the  preferred  stock  and 
three  and  one-half  per  cent,  on  the  common  stock  ; 
May  1,  1875,  three  and  one-half  per  cent. ;  Octo- 
ber 1,  1875,  three  and  one-half  percent.;  January 
15,  1876,  two  per  cent.  ;  April  15,  1876,  two  per 
cent. ;  July  15,  1876,  two  per  cent. ;  October  16, 
1876,  two  per  cent.,  all  on  the  preferred,  and  Jan- 
uary 15, 1877,  two  per  cent,  on  common  stock ;  No- 
vember 1,  1879,  three  and  one-half  per  cent,  on 
the  preferred  stock ;  April  19,  1880,  three  and  one- 
half  per  cent,  on  the  preferred  and  common  stock, 
payable  in  preferred  stock-scrip ;  November  15, 
1882,  four  per  cent,  on  the  preferred  stock  ;  Feb- 
ruary 1,  1884,  seven  per  cent,  on  the  preferred 
stock. 

The  dates  of  election  and  terms  of  office 
of  the  several  presidents  have  been  as  fol- 
lows: 

Andrew  K.  Hay,  June  24,  1852,  until  April  1, 
1853  ;  John  0.  Da  Costa,  April  1, 1853,  until  April 
6,  1855 ;  George  W.  Richards,  April  6,  1855,  un- 


til July  13,  1857 ;  John  Brodhead,  July  13,  1857, 
until  October  22,  1863;  Joseph  W.  Cooper,  Octo- 
ber 22  to  December  18,  1863  ;  Robert  Frazer,  De- 
cember 18,  1863,  until  October  23,  1873 ;  Andrew 
K.  Hay,  October  23,  1873,  until  March  16,  1876; 
William  Massey,  president  ^ro  tern.,  November  18, 
1875,  until  March  16,  1876;  John  Lucas,  March 
16,  1876,  until  October  25,  1877  ;  Charles  D.  Free- 
man, October  25,  1877,  until  February  22,  1883 ; 
William  L.  Elkins,  February  22,  1883,  and  Wil- 
liam J.  Sewell,  vice-president,  March  3, 1883,  until 
tlie  present  time. 

The  several  secretaries  and  treasurers  have 
been  elected  as  follows  : 

Samuel  Richards,  secretary  pro  tern.,  June  24, 
1852 ;  J.  Engle  Negus,  secretary  and  treasurer, 
August  25,  1852 ;  Samuel  Richards,  secretary  jjto 
<em.,  September  28, 1852  ;  Robert  Frazer,  secretary 
and  treasurer,  November  5,  1852  ;  Horace  White- 
man,  secretary  and  treasurer,  December  18,  1863 
Daniel  M.  Zimmerman,  secretary  and  treasurer, 
December  21,  1871 ;  Daniel  M.  Zimmerman,  sec- 
retary, February  22,  1883,  until  the  present  time 
William  Taylor,  treasurer,  February  22,  1883,  un- 
til the  present  time. 

The  officers  of  this  road  are  : 

President,  William  L.  Elkins;  Vice-president, 
William  J.  Sewell;  Secretary,  Daniel  M.  Zim- 
merman; Treasurer,  William  Taylor.  Directors: 
William  L.  Elkins,  James  B.  Dayton,  Frank 
Thomson,  Richard  D.  Barclay,  Thomas  H.  Dudley, 
Joseph  N.  Du  Barry,  William  C.  Houston,  Ed- 
mund E.  Read,  Henry  D.  Welsh,  William  Settle, 
John  B.  Hay,  Enoch  A.  Doughty,  Crawford  Miller. 

The  West  Jersey  Raileoad  was  in- 
corporated February  5,  1853,  by  an  act  of 
the  Legislature,  which  authorized  the  con- 
struction of  a  road  from  Camden  City,  through 
Gloucester,  Salem,  Cumberland  and  Cape 
May  Counties,  to  a  terminus  at  or  near  Cape 
Island,  in  the  last-named  county. 

The  incorporators  were  Thomas  H.  Whit- 
ney, Lewis  Mulford,  John  W.  Mickle, 
George  M.  Ward,  Samuel  S.  Movey,  David 
Potter,  E.  L.  B.  Wales,  Richard  P.  Thomp- 
son, Charles  E.  Elmer,  Richard  C.  Holmes, 
Newcomb  J.  Thompson,  Francis  N.  Buck, 
Benjamin  F.  Lee,  Samuel  J.  Reeves,  Abra- 
ham Browning,  John  A.  Elkinton,  Joshua 
Swain,Jr.,  Richard  D.  Wood,  Benjamin  Ac- 


PUBLIC  INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS. 


355 


ton,  Jr.,  Thomas  Mills,  Thomas  Jones 
Yorke,  Samuel  A.  Whitney,  Mark  Devine 
and  Daniel  E.  Estell. 

Books  were  opened  for  receiving  stock 
subscriptions,  but,  although  great  eiforts 
were  made  by  the  commissioners,  or  incorpo- 
rators, to  interest  the  public,  very  few  people 
came  forward  to  lend  financial  aid  to  the  en- 
terprise, and  it  appeared  as  if  failure  was  in- 
evitable. It  was  then,  when  only  five  hun- 
dred and  twenty-five  shares  had  been  taken, 
all  told,  that  Commodore  Robert  F.  Stock- 
ton exhibited  his  faith  in  the  ultimate  success 
of  the  project  by  subscribing  for  four  thou- 
sand shares,  which  amounted  to  two  hundred 
thousand  dollars.  This  encouraged  others, 
and  the  affairs  of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad 
Company  were  in  a  promising  and  constantly 
improving  condition. 

On  the  3d  of  May,  1853,  a  board  of  thir- 
teen directors  was  organized,  consisting  of 
Robert  F.  Stockton,  Edwin  A.  Stevens, 
Robert  L.  Stevens,  John  P.  Stockton,  John 
W.  Mickle,  Thomas  H.  Whitney,  John  G. 
Rosenbaum,  Thomas  Jones  Yorke,  Richard 
P.  Thompson,  George  M.  Ward,  David  Por- 
ter, Samuel  J.  Bayard  and  Joshua  Swain,  Jr. 
The  first  meeting  of  the  board  was  held  on 
the  9th  of  May,  when  Commodore  Robert 
F.  Stockton  was  elected  president,  Thomas 
Jones  Yorke  secretary,  and  General  William 
Cook  chief  engineer. 

Prior  to  the  organization  of  the  company, 
and  following  the  decline  of  the  Camden  and 
Woodbury  Railroad,  which  had  been  opened 
since  1837,  the  question  of  a  railroad  leading 
southerly  had  been  much  agitated,  and  early 
in  1852  General  Cook  made  preliminary 
surveys  over  three  routes,  and  io  his  report 
mentioned  the  distance  over  each  and  the 
comparative  cost.  The  first  route,  via  Wood- 
bury, Glassboro'  and  Millville,  seventy- 
eight  miles ;  estimated  cost,  seven  hundred 
and  seventy-five  thousand  two  hundred  and 
eighty  dollars.  The  second  and  still  more 
eligible   route,   via    Woodbury,    Glassboro', 


and  Millville,  eighty-five  miles  ;  estimated 
cost,  eight  hundred  and  eighty  thousand  dol- 
lars. The  third  and  longest  route,  by  way 
of  Salem,  with  an  estimated  cost  of  one  mil- 
lion one  hundred  and  eighty-one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  forty  dollars.  The  esti- 
mated cost  of  engines,  cars,  depots,  tanks, 
stations,  etc.,  was  one  hundred  and  twenty 
thousand  dollars. 

After  the  granting  of  the  charter  and  valu- 
ation of  the  route,  .ground  was  broken  on 
Seventh  Street,  in  Camden,  by  Thomas 
Jones  Yorke,  who  threw  the  first  spadeful  of 
earth,  and  the  work  of  laying  the  rails  began 
at  the  north  end  in  July,  1855,  and  the 
section,  between  Camden  and  Woodbury, 
was  completed  in  August,  1856,  and,  April 
15,  1857,  regular  trains  for  passengers  and 
traf&c  began  to  run. 

In  1862  it  was  finished  to  Bridgeton,  and 
from  Glassboro'  reaches  Cape  May  by  connec- 
tions with  the  Millville  and  Glassboro'  and 
Cape  May  and  Millville  Railroads.  The  line 
from  Glassboro'  to  Millville  was  built  under 
a  separate  charter,  and  opened  in  April,  I860. 
In  1868  a  consolidation  took  place,  which  is 
thus  described  in  the  preamble  to  the  act,-^ 

"  Whereas,  the  West  Jersey  Railroad  connects  di- 
rectly with  the  Millville  and  Glassboro'  Railroads, 
and  by  means  of  the  latter  with  the  Cape  May  and 
Millville  Railroad,  and  also  connected  directly  with 
the  Salem  Railroad,  forming  altogether  one  entire 
system  of  railroads,  which  can  be  operated  with 
greater  economy  under  one  management  ;  and 
whereas  the  West  Jersey  Railroad  Company  and 
the  Millville  and  Glassboro'  Railroad  Company 
have  entered  into  an  agreement,  bearing  date 
of  October  12,  1867,  providing  for  a  consoli- 
dation of  the  two  companies,  so  that  all  their  cor- 
porate powers  and  franchises  shall  be  merged  into, 
and  all  their  corporate  property  owned  by,  the 
West  Jersey  Railroad  Company ;  therefore,  be  it 
enacted,  etc." 

The  company  then  leased  the  Salem  Rail- 
road, and  has  since  added  to  its  leased  lines 
the  Swedesboro'  Railroad,  the  Woodstown 
and  Swedesboro'  Railroad  and  the  West  Jer- 
sey and  Atlantic  Railroad,  which  latter  ex- 


356 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


tends  from  Newfield  to  Atlantic  City,  was 
opened  in  1881  and  includes  the  Somers 
Point  Branch.  Besides  its  Brid^eton  Branch, 
the  West  Jersey  owns  branches  to  Ocean  City, 
Sea  Isle  City  and  Townsend's  Inlet.  It 
owns  one  hundred  and  nineteen  miles  of  road 
and  leases  eighty-one.  Its  capital  stock  is 
one  million  four  hundred  and  eighty-four 
thousand  dollars  and  its  funded  debt  two 
million  seven  hundred  and  fifty-two  thousand 
dollars,  of  which  two  million  dollars  is  in 
bonds,  guaranteed  by  the  Camden  and  Amboy 
Railroad  Company,  which  furnished  most 
of  the  money  for  the  construction  of  the 
original  line.  The  West  Jersey  was  in- 
cluded in  the  lease  of  the  United  Lines  to  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  and  has  since  been 
operated  by  that  corporation.  The  oiEcers  of 
the  road  are  George  B.  Roberts,  president; 
William  J.  Sewell,  vice-president ;  William 
Taylor,  secretary  and  treasurer.  The  direct- 
ors are  George  B.  Roberts,  Coleman  F. 
Leaming,  Charles  E.  Elmer,  John  M.  Moore, 
Thomas  H.  Dudley,  George  Wood,  J.  N. 
DuBarry,  JST.  Parker  Shortridge,  Edmund 
Smith,  Henry  D.  Welsh,  Benjamin  F.  Lee, 
James  H.  Nixon  and  William  J.  Sewell. 

General  William  J.  Sewell  was 
born  in  Ireland  in  1835.  Left  an  orphan 
at  an  early  age,  he  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1851  to  join  his  brother,  Mr.  Robert 
Sewell,  now  a  prominent  lawyer  in  New 
York,  who  had  preceded  him.  He  engaged 
in  business  in  New  York  City,  and  subse- 
quently, entering  the  mercantile  marine  ser- 
vice, visited  all  parts  of  the  Eastern  world, 
and  the  west  coast  of  North  and  South  Amer- 
ica, and  became  at  an  early  age  an  officer  of 
one  of  the  American  clipper  ship  fleet  of 
those  days. 

On  his  return  from  one  of  his  voyages  he 
visited  Chicago,  settled  there  and  engaged  in 
mercantile  business.  On  the  breaking  out 
of  the  war  he  came  to  New  Jersey,  where  he 
was  offered  a  commission  as  captain  of  the 
Fifth  New  Jersey  Volunteers,  accepted  the 


same,  and  participated  in  all  of  the  great  bat- 
tles of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  General 
Sewell  was  twice  wounded  during  the  war, — 
at  Chancellorsville  and  at  Gettysburg, — and 
was  promoted,  step  by  step,  until  he  reached 
the  colonelcy  of  his  regiment. 

He  led  the  celebrated  charge  at  Chancel- 
lorsville of  the  Second  New  Jersey  Brigade, 
which  he  commanded,  capturing  nine  stand 
of  colors  from  the  enemy.  At  the  close  of 
the  war  he  was  mustered  out  of  service  as  a 
brevet  major-general,  his  brevet  reading  "for 
distinguished  gallantry  on  the  field  of  Chan- 
cellorsville." Returning  home  to  New  Jer- 
sey, he  took  charge  of  the  business  of  the 
Camden  and  Amboy  Railroad  Company  at 
Camden,  and  was  in  a  short  time  transferred 
to  the  superintendency  of  the  West  Jersey 
Railroad  Company,  from  which  he  was  pro- 
moted to  the  office  of  vice-president  of  that 
I'oad.  He  has  also  been  appointed  president 
of  the  Long  Beach  Railroad  Company,  of 
the  Salem  Railroad  Company  and  the 
Woodstown  and  Swedesboro'  Railroad  Com- 
pany ;  also  vice-president  of  the  West  Jersey 
and  Atlantic  and  the  Camden  and  Atlantic 
Railroad  Companies,  and  a  director  in  several 
other  railroad  companies.  General  Sewell 
was  the  originator  of  one  of  the  most  flour- 
ishing banking  institutions  of  the  State,  that 
of  the  Camden  Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Com- 
pany. Early  seeing  the  want  of  a  savings 
ban  k  for  the  accommodation  of  the  mass  of 
the  people,  he  obtained  a  charter  from  the 
Legislature,  and,  with  some  friends,  started 
this  bank,  which  has  met  a  want  long  felt  in 
Camden,  and  the  success  of  which  has  ex- 
ceeded the  anticipations  of  its  promoters.  He 
is  also  director  of  the  Camden  Iron  Works, 
which  he  helped  to  start  up  after  a  long 
period  of  idleness  and  depression. 

The  political  career  of  General  Sewell 
shows  the  manner  in  which  his  business 
qualifications,  his  uutiriug  energy  and  fealty 
to  his  party  and  the  best  interests  of  the 
State   are  appreciated  by  the   people   of  his 


PUBLIC  INTEKNAL  IMPEOVEMENTS. 


367 


home,  and,  in  fact,  of  the  whole  State.  He 
was  elected  as  State  Senator  from  Camden 
County  in  1872,  re-elected  in  1875  and 
again  in  1878,  and  for  three  years  was  presi- 
dent of  the  State  Senate.  He  also  represented 
the  party  as  delegate-at-large  to  the  National 
Eepublican  Conventions  of  1876,  1880  and 
1884,  on  each  of  which  occasions  he  was 
complimented  by  being  made  chairman  of 
the  State  delegation.  During  his  long  service 
in  the  Senate  of  New  Jersey,  General  Sewell 
took  a  leading  part  in  all  the  important  leg- 
islation of  that  time,  which  included  the 
change  in  the  State  Constitution,  the  adoption 
of  general  laws  and  the  passage  of  the  Gen- 
eral Railroad  Law.  He  was  made  United 
States  Senator  in  1881,  succeeding  Mr. 
Theodore  F.  Randolph,  which  position  he 
occupies  at  the  present  time.  One  of  the 
last  acts  of  the  late  session  of  Congress  was 
a  recognition  by  that  body  of  General  Sew- 
ell's  services  in  the  field,  by  electing  him  one 
of  the  managers  of  the  National  Home  for 
Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers,  as  the  successor 
of  General  McClellan. 

The  Camden   and  Woodbtjky   Rail- 
road AND  TkANSPOETATION  COMPANY  WaS 

chartered  on  the  1st  of  March,  1836,  with 
an  authorized  capital  of  one  hundred  thou- 
sand dollars,  in  shares  of  fifty  dollars  each. 
It  was  authorized  to  build  a  road  not  exceed- 
ing sixty-six  feet  in  width  from  Camden  to 
Woodbury,  a  distance  of  eight  miles.  The 
persons  named  as  corporators  were  James 
Matlack,  Joseph  Ogden,  Robert  L.  Arm- 
strong, Jesse  Smith,  Joseph  Fithian,  Joseph 
Franklin,  John  M.  Watson,  Charles  F.  Clark, 
Joseph  Saunders,  John  C.  Smallwood,  Sam- 
uel Webster  and  others. 

The  road  was  built  and  operated.  A  sup- 
plement to  the  original  act  was  passed  in  the 
winter  of  1837-38,  authorizing  branches  to 
be  built  to  Gloucester  Point  Ferry,  to 
Kaighns  Point  Ferry  and  to  Haddonfield, 
but  they  were  never  constructed  ;  and  March 
1,  1839,  a  supplement  also  was  passed, 
42 


authorizing  the  extension  from  the  southern 
end  of  the  road  to  some  point  on  Delaware 
Bay  between  the  mouth  of  Stow  Creek  and 
the  light-house  on  Cape  May.  Soon  after 
this  time  the  road  passed  into  the  possession 
of  Henry  R.  Campbell,  who  associated  with 
him  his  brother,  John  D.  Campbell,  who 
advertised  April  1,  1840,  that  they  were  run- 
ning steam-cars  on  the  road.  Benjamin 
Wilkins  was  superintendent  of  the  road.  In 
February,  1847,  the  Campbells  petitioned  the 
Legislature  for  a  charter  for  the  "  Camden 
and  Woodbury  Railroad  Company,"  to  in- 
clude all  the  rights  and  privileges  of  the 
Camden  and  Woodbury  Railroad  and  Trans- 
portation Company,  "  now  greatly  dilapidat- 
ed," and  also  asked  authority  to  extend  the  road 
from  Woodbury  to  Carpenters  Landing. 
The  petition  was  granted  and  an  act  was 
passed  February  24,  1847.  The  road  was 
repaired  and  partially  reconstructed  and  run 
for  a  time,  but  business  was  not  sufficient  to 
sustain  it  and  it  was  sold  to  Amos  Campbell, 
who  replaced  the  steam-cars  with  horses 
and  operated  it  for  a  time,  when  it  was  aban- 
doned and  the  tracks  torn  up.  The  line  is 
practically  that  of  the  present  West  Jersey 
Railroad. 

The  Camden  and  Burlington  Coun- 
ty Railroad  extends  from  Camden  to 
Pemberton,  twenty-two  and  one-half  miles, 
and  from  Burlington  to  Mount  Holly,  seven 
and  one-quarter  miles.  It  was  leased  to  the 
Camden  and  Amboy  Railroad  Company 
June  1,  1868,  and  sub-leased  in  1871  to  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company.  It  cost 
to  build  seven  hundred  and  thirty-one  thou- 
sand nine  hundred  and  twenty-five  dollars, 
which  is  represented  by  three  hundred  and 
eighty-one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  twen- 
ty-five dollars  in  capital  stock  and  three  hun- 
dred and  fifty  thousand  dollars  in  bonds. 
This  road  embodies  the  franchises  and  work 
of  four  companies  which  preceded  it  and 
were  finally  merged  with  it. 

The  first  of  these  was  "  The  Mount  Holly 


358 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


and  Camden  Railroad  Company,"  which  was 
chartered  March  4,  1836,  and  re-chartered 
February  11,  1848,  and  subsequently  united 
with  the  Camden,  Moorestown,  Hainesport 
and  Mount  Holly  Horse-Car  Railroad  Com- 
pany, which  was  chartered  March  15,  1859, 
and  which,  notwithstanding  its  title,  had 
authority  to  use  steam,  and  was  built  as  a 
steam  road. 

The  Burlington  and  Mount  Holly  Rail- 
road and  Transportation  Company  was  char- 
tered February  11,  1848,  and  by  the  act  of 
March  20,  1857,  its  name  was  changed  to  the 
Burlington  County  Railroad  Company. 

On  the  28th  of  July,  1854,  the  Camden 
and  Pemberton  Agricultural  Railroad  Com- 
pany was  chartered,  with  authority  to  build 
a  railroad  from  some  point  in  Camden 
through  Camden  and  Burlington  Counties 
to  some  point  in  the  borough  of  Pemberton, 
On  the  1st  of  June  following,  the  stockhold- 
ers met  at  the  hotel  of  James  Elwell,  in 
Camden,  to  elect  nine  directors.  lu  the  No- 
vember following  a  route  was  surveyed  from 
Camden  to  Freehold  and  right  of  way  ob- 
tained. The  route  was  through  Mount  Holly 
and  Moorestown,  thence  to  Pemberton,  where 
it  branched, — the  north  branch  leading  to 
South  Amboy  and  the  south  branch  to  Toms 
River.  This  road  was  completed,  and  in 
time  merged  with  the  others. 

Finally,  by  an  act  passed  February  6, 
1866,  the  Burlington  County  and  the  Cam- 
den, Moorestown,  Hainesport  and  Mount 
Holly  Company  were  permitted  to  consoli- 
date as  the  Camden  and  Burlington  County 
Railroad  and  to  connect  with  the  Camden 
and  Amboy  outside  of  Camden. 

The  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad, 
which  extends  from  Port  Monmouth  to  Atco, 
Camden  County,  was  chartei'ed  March  3, 
1854,  as  the  Raritan  and  Delaware  Bay 
Railroad  Company,  and  was  finished  in  1863. 
In  1867  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  a  receiver, 
was  sold  September  19,  1869,  and  reorgan- 
ized   under   its   present   name.     March  31, 


1879,  it  was  again  sold  under  a  second  fore- 
closure, the  first  mortgage  bondholders  buy- 
ing it  for  seven  hundred  and  fifty-two  thou- 
sand dollars.  It  was  then  leased  to  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  and  thus  passed 
to  the  control  of  the  Philadelphia  and  Read 
ing  Company,  which  guaranteed  the  interest 
on  the  bonds.  The  capital  stock  is  one  mil- 
lion five  hundred  and  ninety  thousand  six 
hundred  dollars,  and  its  bonded  debt  one 
million  seven  hundred  and  ninety  thousand 
six  hundred  dollars. 

The  Williamstown  Railroad  is  a  branch  of 
the  New  Jersey  Southern,  and  extends  from 
Atco  to  Williamstown. 

The  Camden  and  Haddonfield  Pas- 
senger Railroad  Company  was  chartered 
March  4,  1859,  with  an  authorized  capital  of 
fifty  thousand  dollars,  twenty-five  dollars  per 
share.  As  projected,  the  line  was  to  begin 
at  the  foot  of  Market  Street,  pass  through 
Market  and  Federal  Streets  and  near  the 
Haddonfield  turnpike  to  the  village  of  Had- 
donfield, but  it  was  not  built. 

The  Camden,  Gloucester  and  Mount 
Ephraim  Railroad  was  built,  in  1875, 
from  Camden  to  Gloucester,  by  an  incorpo- 
rated company,  but  was,  in  fact,  the  individ- 
ual enterprise  of  David  S.  Brown,  who 
bought  the  great  majority  of  the  stock  and 
furnished  most  of  the  money  for  its  construc- 
tion, in  order  that  he  might  have  steam  trans- 
portation between  his  extensive  cotton  mills 
and  bleacheries  at  Gloucester,  and  the  railroad 
and  ferry  facilities  at  Camden  and  Philadel- 
phia. In  1878  it  was  extended  to  Mount 
Ephraim,  but  worked  only  as  a  local  road.  It 
was  built  as  a  narrow  gauge,  the  width  be- 
tween rails  being  but  two  and  a  half  feet, 
the  narrowest  at  that  time  of  all  the  roads 
in  the  eastern  part  of  the  United  States.  In 
1884  it  was  bought  by  the  Philadelphia  and 
Reading  Railroad  Company  as  the  South  Cam- 
den lin  k  to  the  system  wh  ich  it  was  endeavoring 
to  perfect  in  South  Jersey  through  the  Phila- 
del  pliia  and  Atlantic  City ,  the  Jersey  Southern 


PUBLIC  INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS. 


359 


and  the  Vineland  Railroads.  This  purchase 
necessitated  a  change  to  the  standard  gauge, 
and  in  May,  1 885,  the  aheratiou  was  made, 
and  a  connection  with  the  Philadelphia  and 
Atlantic  City  Road  accordingly  established. 
James  P.  Michelon  has  been  president  since 
1879,  W.  Bertolet  is  secretary,  and  the  other 
officials  ai-e  those  of  the  Philadelphia  and 
Reading  Company. 

The  Philadelphia  a^d  Atlantic 
City  Railway  Compajsty  was  chartered 
March  24,  1876,  and  on  July  1,  1877,  the 
first  train  was  run  through  from  Camden  to 
Atlantic  City,  which  by  this  line  is  a  distance 
of  fifty-four  and  a  half  miles.  It  passed  into 
the  hands  of  a  receiver,  and  on  September 
20,  1883,  the  road  was  sold  under  foreclosure 
and  reorganized  with  the  word  "  railway " 
in  its  title  changed  to  "  railroad."  The 
authorized  capital  stock  of  the  new  company 
is  one  million  two  hundred  thousand  dollars. 
It  was  originally  constructed  as  a  narrow- 
gauge  road,  which,  after  the  company's  re- 
organization, was  changed  to. the  standard 
gauge.  It  has  been  associated  with  the 
Philadelphia  and  Reading  Railroad  Com- 
pany, whose  officers  control  it  through  the 
ownership  of  a  majority  of  its  stock.  The 
road  is  now  well  patronized  and  is  in  ex- 
cellent condition. 

The  Philadelphia,  Marlton  and 
Medfoed  Railroad  Company  was  organ- 
nized  January  7,  1880,  for  the  purpose  of 
building  a  railroad  between  the  city  of 
Philadelphia  and  Medford,  by  way  of  Had- 
donfield  and  Marlton,  a  distance  of  about 
eighteen  miles.  Previous  to  this  undertaking 
a  line  had  been  built  between  Medford  and 
Mount  Holly,  but  did  not  accommodate  those 
wishing  to  go  to  Philadelphia,  and  a  line  of 
railroad  was  contemplated  between  Keyport, 
on  Raritan  Bay,  in  Monrnouth  County,  and 
Philadelphia,  partly  graded  and  then  aban- 
doned. This  was  intended  to  pass  through 
Medford,  Marlton  and  Ellisburg  to  Kaighns 
Point,  Camden. 


In  view  of  these  failures,  a  few  gentlemen 
about  Medford  and  Marlton  solicited  the 
directors  of  the  Camden  and  Atlantic  Rail- 
road to  assist  in  building  a  line  of  railroad 
from  their  road  at  Haddonfield  to  Medford  ; 
and  after  the  route  had  been  adopted  and 
the  approximate  cost  ascertained,  they  con- 
sented to  do  so,  and  the  work  was  commenced 
the  same  year  (1880).  The  first  board  of 
officers  were, — President,  Charles  D.  Free- 
man ;  Secretiiry  and  Treasurer,  Daniel  M. 
Zimmerman ;  Directors,  Charles  D.  Fi'ee- 
man,  Benjamin  Cooper,  George  T.  Da  Costa, 
Elijah  B.  Woolston,  John  Lucas,  Henry  W. 
Wills,  Samuel  C.  Cooper,  El  wood  Evans, 
William  C.  Houston,  Joseph  Evans,  Enoch 
A.  Doughty  and  Edmund  E.  Read. 

J.  Lewis  Rowand  was  appointed  chief 
engineer,  and  the  line  first  run  by  him  was, 
after  considerable  discussion,  adopted  and  the 
road  built  thereon,  and  with  the  ordinary 
hinderances,  the  work  progressed  and  was 
finished  in  1881,  and  ready  for  use.  This 
road  opened  one  of  the  best  agricultural  dis- 
tricts in  the  State,  and  was  at  once  patronized 
by  the  people  of  the  towns  along  and  near  the 
route  and  the  thrifty  farmers  in  that  region, 
they  well  understanding  the  difference  be- 
tween the  speed  and  comforts  of  transporta- 
tion on  a  railroad  and  that  of  bad  highways 
and  jaded  teams  for  such  long  distances. 

The  connection  made  at  Medford  with  the 
Mount  Holly  Branch  completes  the  line  be- 
tween Philadelphia  and  that  point,  with  con- 
tinuous lines  to  various  important  connections 
in  other  places.  The  Camden  and  Atlantic 
Railroad  having  come  under  the  government 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  system,  this  road 
is  now  likewise  controlled.      Its  officers  are  : 

William  L.  Elkins,  president ;  D.  M.  Zimmer- 
man, secretary ;  and  William  Taylor,  treasurer. 
Directors:  William  L.  Elkins, Daniel  M.Zimmer- 
man, Edmund  E.  Read,  William  0.  Houston,  Ben- 
jamin Cooper,  Ellwood  EYans,  Elijah  B.  Woolston, 
Joseph  Evans,  Joshua  S.  Wills,  Crawford  Miller, 
Charles  J.  Walton,  Sr.,  Job  Braddock,  David  D. 
Griscom. 


360 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


CHAPTER  XIX. 

navigation  and  ship-building. 

Navigation  on  the  Delaware. — 
In  1786  Camden  was  not  much  more  than 
a  scatterhig  of  ferrymen's  houses  on  the  shore, 
and  farm  mansions  a  little  farther  back  ;  but 
such  members  of  its  scanty  population  as 
were  on  the  river-front  on  the  20th  of  July 
of  that  year  joined  with  the  spectators  from 
the  Philadelphia  side  in  witnessing  the  first 
attempt  made  anywhere  in  the  world,  there 
is  reason  to  believe,  to  propel  a  boat  by  means 
of  a  steam-engine.  The  inventor  and  exper- 
imenter was  John  Fitch,  born  in  Connecticut 
in  January,  1743,  a  clock-maker  by  trade, 
who,  after  failing  as  a  potash  manufacturer, 
armorer  to  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  sutler 
in  V7ashington's  army,  land  speculator  in 
Kentucky  and  surveyor  in  Pennsylvania, 
conceived  the  notion  of  driving  a  wagon  on 
land  or  a  boat  on  the  water  by  steam,  although 
at  that  time,  April,  1785,  he  knew  nothing 
of  the  invention  of  the  steam-engine,  but 
had  noticed  the  expansive  power  of  steam. 
He  was  then  living  in  Bucks  County,  Pa., 
and  made  a  model  with  brass  machinery, 
which  worked  so  well  when  he  tried  it  on  a 
small  stream  on  Joseph  Longstreth's  farm,  in 
Southampton  township,  that  in  August  he 
brought  it  to  Philadelphia,  where  ex-Con- 
gressman William  C.  Houston,  of  New  Jer- 
sey, and  Provost  John  Ewing,  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  saw  it  and  were 
convinced  of  its  practicability.  Fitch  sought 
encouragement  from  Congress  and  from  the 
Legislatures  of  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania 
and  Maryland,  all  of  which  refused  him 
any  money ;  but  New  Jersey  generously 
granted  him  for  fourteen  years  the  exclusive 
right  of  making  and  using  every  kind  of 
boat  or  water-craft  which  might  be  urged  or 
propelled  by  the  force  of  fire  or  steam  in  the 
waters  of  the  State. 

However,     he     persuaded    twenty    men. 


among  whonr  was  Richard  Stockton,  to  take 
a  share  each  in  a  stock  company  which  he 
formed,  each  subscriber  paying  about  twenty 
dollars  down,  and  with  this  fund  he  started 
to  build  a  steam-boat,  having  first  engaged  as 
assistant  machinist  Henry  Voight,  a  Phila- 
delphia clock-maker,  who  was  willing  to  ac- 
cept stock  in  payment  of  his  services.  At 
their  second  attempt  they  turned  out  an  en- 
gine with  a  cylinder  three  inches  in  diameter, 
and  placing  it  in  a  small  skiff,  they  went 
out  on  July  20,  1786,  to  navigate  the  Dela- 
ware. 


0-A\ 


fitch's  first  steamboat. 

The  diminutive  craft  was  tried  with  pad- 
dles fitted  on  an  endless  chain,  with  what 
Fitch  called  in  his  journal  "  a  screw  of  pad- 
dles," with  a  screw  propeller  and  with  side- 
wheels  turned  by  the  chain,  but  it  would  not 
respond  to  any  of  these  devices  satisfactorily, 
and  this  experiment  was  a  failure.  That 
night  he  thought  of  substituting  a  crank  for 
the  chain  movement  applied  to  the  oars  or 
paddles.  On  July  27th  the  skiff  was  moved 
with  this  mechanism,  and  Fitch's  financial 
backers  were  sufficiently  assured  of  the  suc- 
cess of  his  invention,  that  during  the  winter 
of  1786-87  they  provided  him  with  the 
means  for  building  an  engine  with  a  twelve- 
inch  cylinder  and  a  boat  forty-five  feet  long 
and  twelve  feet  beam.  August  22,  1787, 
saw  the  fruition  of  his  labors,  for  then  the 
boat  steamed  along  the  river-front  in  the 
presence  of  many  members  of  the  convention 
which  framed  the  Federal  Constitution,  and 
within    a    short   time   Governor   Randolph, 


NAVIGATION  AND  SHIP-BUILDING. 


361 


David  Eittenhouse,  Dr.  John  Ewing  and 
Andrew  Ellicott  attested  over  their  signa- 
tures his  success,  Eittenhouse  writing  that 
he  had  been  "  on  board  when  the  boat  was 
worked  against  both  wind  and  tide,  with 
considerable  velocity,  by  the  force  of  steam 
only." 

Fitch  had  to  defend  his  rights  against  the 
claims  of  James  Rumsey,  of  Virginia,  to 
priority  of  invention  of  the  steamboat,  but 
on  April  23,  1791,  he  was  granted  his  patent. 
Meanwhile  he  fixed  his  old  machinery  in  a 
boat  eight  feet  beam  and  sixty  feet  long,  and 
changed  his  paddles  from  the  sides  to  the 
stern  of  the  boat,  and  in  July,  1798,  set  out 
for  Burlington.  After  making  that  port  the 
boiler  leaked  so  that  no  steam  could  be  raised, 
and  the  boat  was  suffered  to  drift  back  with 
the  tide.  On  October  12th  the  boat  ran  to 
Burlington,  twenty-three  miles  distant,  in 
three  hours  and  ten  minutes,  with  thirty  pas- 
sengers and  against  a  tide  setting  two  miles 
an  hour.       In  March,  1789,  Fitch  built  an 


fitch's  second  steamboat, 


engine  with  an  eighteen-inch  cylinder,  and 
with  a  new  boat  the  run  to  Trenton  was 
made  at  a  speed  of  eight  miles  an  hour  on 
May  11,  1790.  On  June  14th  the  "steam- 
boat" was  advertised  as  "ready  to  take  pas- 
sengers from  Arch  Street  ferry  every  Monday, 
Wednesday  and  Friday  for  Burlington, 
Bristol,  Bordentown  and  Trenton,  to  return 
on  Tuesdays,    Thursdays     and    Saturdays. 


Price  for  passage,  2s.  6rf.,  to  Burlington  and 
Bristol ;  3s.  9d.  to  Bordentown ;  5s.  to  Tren- 
ton." Trips  were  also  made  across  to  Cam- 
den during  the  summer,  and  to  the  Schuyl- 
kill, Chester  and  Wilmington.  A  still  larger 
boat,  to  be  called  the  "Perseverance,"  was 
planned,  but  was  destroyed  by  a  storm  before 
completion,  and  Fitch,  becoming  involved  in 
pecuniary  troubles,  left  this  neighborhood, 
going  to  Kentucky,  where  he  had  purchased 
lands.  His  death  occurred  at  Bardstown, 
Ky.,  July  2,  1798. 

The  next  steamer  was  seen  on  the  Dela- 
ware in  the  summer  of  1797.  The  engine 
was  built  near  Bordentown  by  Sam.  Morey, 
of  Connecticut,  and  the  boat  had  paddle- 
wheels  at  the  sides.  In  1804  Oliver  Evans, 
the  Philadelphia  inventor,  constructed  a  ma- 
chine for  cleaning  docks  at  his  shops  in  that 
city,  placed  it  upon  wheels  connected  with 
the  engine,  propelled  it  to  the  Schuylkill, 
there  attached  a  stern-wheel,  launched  it  and 
steamed  around  to  the  Delaware  and  up  to 
Beverly,  returning  to  the  city  the  next  day. 
In  1807  Robert  L.  Stevens  brought  around 
by  sea  the  steamboat  "  Phoenix,"  which  had 
been  built  at  Hoboken  by  John  C.  Stevens, 
and  in  1809  this  boat  was  making  regular 
trips  to  Bordentown,  in  charge  of  Captain 
Moses  Rodgers.  New  York  passengers  were 
taken  by  stage  from  Bordentown  to  Washing- 
ton, N.  J.,  and  thence  to  New  York  by  boat. 
A  steamboat  called  the  "  New  Jersey"  was 
placed  on  the  river  during  the  summer  of 
1812,  making  regular  trips  to  Whitehill,  the 
landing  next  below  Bordentown.  The 
"Eagle,"  built  at  Kensington  by  Moses 
Rodgers,  began  running  to  Burlington  in 
June,  1813,  and  from  thence  onward  the  fleet 
increased,  the  business  of  most  of  the  vessels 
being,  besides  accommodating  the  local 
travel,  to  connect  with  the  stage-lines  across 
New  Jersey  and  with  the  railroads  when  they 
superseded  the  older  method  of  land  travel. 
Passengers  from  Camden  crossed  the  river  by 
the  ferries  to  reach  the  steamers,  as  they  have 


362 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


to  do  at  present,   no  lines  ever  having  been 
established  from  Camden. 

Ferries  on  the  Delaware. — Rapid 
settling  upon  either  bank  of  a  great  tidal 
river  and  upon  the  shores  of  its  numerous 
navigable  affluents,  and  prompted  by  busi- 
ness and  social  intercourse  to  frequent  com- 
munication, public  ferries  became  a  necessity 
to  the  Swedish  and  English  colonists  as  soon 
as  they  produced  anything  for  barter  or  sale. 
The  people  of  each  nationality  included  men 
who,  coming  from  the  seaports  of  the  old 
countries,  were  skilled  in  the  construction 
and  handling  of  small  boats,  and  none  gifted 
with  the  slightest  prescience  could liave  failed 
to  foresee  that  in  supplying  the  popular  want 
of  transportation  across  the  streams  there  was 
to  be  a  lucrative  business  done.  It  is  likely 
enough  that  before  the  advent  of  the  Friends, 
the  Swedes  had  some  system  of  ferriage  be- 
tween their  settlements  in  West  Jersey  and 
those  on  the  other  side  of  the  Delaware,  but 
there  is  nothing  in  any  of  the  records  to  show 
for  it  or  to  give  names  and  locations.  But 
when  the  English  Friends,  with  their  clearer 
ideas  of  accommodating  trade  and  travel,  and 
their  habit  of  placing  public  enterprises  un- 
der the  sanction  of  the  law,  took  possession 
of  the  land,  they  recognized  the  occupation 
of  the  ferryman  as  one  to  be  encouraged  and 
regulated,  and  the  requisite  facilities  for  its 
conduct  were  soon  provided. 

It  has  been  taken  for  granted  by  certain 
historians  of  the  locality  that  anterior  to  1687 
there  was  no  ferry  on  the  Delaware  below 
that  by  which  the  first  road  between  New 
York  and  Philadelphia  crossed  the  river  at 
the  falls  ;  but  in  Clement's  "  First  Settlers  in 
Newton  Township  "  there  is  specific  mention 
made  of  a  ferry  previously  in  existence,  be- 
tween the  Indian  settlements  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  river  which  was  continued  by 
the  early  English  settlers  of  West  Jersey, 
and  lends  force  to  the  theory  that  one  of 
their  primary  undertakings  was  to  provide 
transit    between    the   eastern    and    western 


shores.  This  ferry  ran  between  Shack- 
amaxon,  the  place  of  Penn's  treaty,  and 
the  present  Coopers  Point,  on  the  property 
conveyed  to  William  Cooper,  the  survey  of 
which  is  dated  June  12,  1682.  The  latter 
named  this  estate  Pyne  Point,  because  of 
the  heavy  growth  of  the  conifer-bearing  trees 
upon  it ;  and  it  is  one  of  the  curious  coinci- 
dences with  which  history  is  so  plentifully 
pointed  that  this  ancient  ferry  had  its  eastern 
terminus  upon  the  land  of  the  founder  in 
America  of  the  family  which,  in  succeeding 
generations,  so  deeply  engaged  in  the  business 
of  transportation  across  the  Delaware.  The 
origin  of  this  ferry  is  not  known,  but  as  in 
1682  a  business  meeting  of  Friends  was  held 
alternately  at  Thomas  Fairman's  house,  on  the 
Philadelphia  side,  and  William  Cooper's,  on 
the  Jersey  shore,  it  is  a  sound  conclusion  that 
some  occasional  means  of  conveyance  across  the 
river  had  already  been  furnished.  It  is  equal- 
ly probable  that  Cooper  had  some  supervi- 
sion of  this  ferry,  and  that  it  bore  some  rela- 
tion to  the  controversy  between  William  Roy- 
don  and  himself  concerning  the  boundaries  of 
their  lands.  Before  the  Pyne  Point  prop- 
erty of  William  Cooper  was  surveyed,  Roy- 
don  had  made  a  survey  lower  down  the  river, 
with  which  the  Cooper  tract  was  found  to 
interfere,  and  the  dispute  was  not  quieted 
until  the  second  William  Cooper,  grandson  of 
the  first  settler,  purchased  the  larger  part  of 
the  Roydon  survey,  in  1723.  Roydon  how- 
ever appears  to  have  been  the  first  to  estab- 
lish a  constant  means  of  communication  and 
in  1687  to  have  obtain  a  legalized  monopoly 
of  Delaware  ferriage  by  himself,  by  the  fol- 
lowing proceedings : 

"  Whereas,  At  a  court  held  at  Gloucester  upon  ye 
first  day  of  ye  first  month  in  ye  year  1688,  it  was 
presented  to  ye  bench  that  a  constant  and  com- 
mon ferry  was  very  usefull  and  much  wanted  from 
Jersey  to  Philadelphia,  and  also  that  William 
Eoydon's  house  was  judged  a  place  convenient, 
and  ye  said  William  Roydon  a  person  suitable  for 
that  employ ;  and  therefore  an  order  from  ye  court 
was  then  granted  for  ye  establishment  and  fixing 


NAVIGATION  AND  SHIP-BUILDING. 


363 


of  ye  same.  Whereto  ye  bench  did  then  and  there 
assent,  and  refferred  to  ye  Grand  Jury  ye  methodiz- 
ing of  ye  same  and  to  fix  ye  rates  thereof,  which 
was  by  them  agreed  and  concluded  upon  as  here- 
under follows : 

"  '  Therefore  we  permit  and  appoint  that  a  com- 
mon passage  or  ferry  for  man  and  beast  be  pro- 
vided, fixed  and  settled  in  some  convenient  and 
proper  place  between  ye  mouths  or  entrances  of 
Coopers  Creek  and  Newton  Creek,  and  that  ye 
government,  managing  and  keeping  of  ye  same  be 
committed  to  ye  said  William  Roydon  and  his 
assigns,  who  are  hereby  empowered  and  appointed 
to  establish,  fix  and  settle  ye  same  within  ye  lim- 
its aforesaid,  wherein  all  other  persons  are  desired 
and  requested  to  keep  no  other  common  or  public 
passage  or  ferry. 

" '  And  ye  said  William  Roydon  shall  prepare 
and  provide  good  and  suflBcient  boats,  with  other 
conveniences  suitable  to  ye  said  employ,  to  be  in 
readiness  at  all  times  to  accommodate  people's 
actions,  and  shall  take  no  more  than  six  pence  per 
head  for  such  persons  as  shall  be  by  him  ferried 
over  ye  River  and  not  more  than  twelve  pence  for 
man  and  horse  or  other  beast,  and  so  not  exceed- 
ing twelve  pence  per  head  for  any  sort  of  beast 
so  ferried  over,  as  above  said ;  except  swine,  calves 
and  sheep,  which  shall  pay  only  six  pence  per  head 
and  no  more.'  " 

These  proceedings  are  signed  by  Francis 
Collins,  Andrew  Robeson,  John  Wood, 
Christopher  Watkins  and  Samuel  Spicer, 
and  on  the  24th  of  April,  1689,  the  order 
was  "  entered,  examined  and  recorded  "  by 
John  Reading,  recorder. 

Roydon's  ferry  ran  from  Camden  to  Phil- 
adelphia, and  there  was  a  wide  margin  al- 
lowed as  to  its  terminal  points  on  either  side 
of  the  river.  He  does  not  appear  to  have 
made  a  success  of  it,  and  in  a  few  years  sold 
it  to  the  first  William  Cooper,  who  gave  it  in 
1695  to  his  son  Daniel,  who  the  same  year, 
obtained  license  from  the  Gloucester  County 
Court  "  for  keeping  a  ferry  over  the  river  to 
Philadelphia  at  the  prices  following  : 

"For  a  man  and  horse,  one  shilling  and  six 
pence ;  for  a  single  horse  or  cow,  one  shilling  and 
three  pence ;  for  a  single  man,  ten  pence  ;  and 
when  ten  or  more,  six  pence  per  head  ;  and  six 
pence  per  head  for  sheeps,  calfs  or  hoggs." 

When  Daniel  Cooper  died,  in  1715,  the  ap- 


praisement of  his  personal  property  included 
two  ferry-boats,  showing  that  he  resided  at 
the  ferry  and  was  its  proprietor  at  the  time 
of  his  death.  In  1730  his  son,  the  second 
William,  petitioned  Governor  John  Mont- 
gomerie  for  a  license  to  keep  a  ferry  "  where 
one  had  been  kept  for  more  than  forty 
years,"  which  license  was  granted  "  with  the 
exclusive  right  of  ferry  for  two  miles  above 
and  two  miles  below,  so  long  as  he  accommo- 
dated the  people,  upon  the  payment  of  one 
shilling  yearly  on  the  feast  day  of  St.  Mich- 
ael the  Archangel."  This  charter  not  only 
covered  the  middle  ferry  and  the  Coopers 
Point  privileges,  but  it  also  extended  below 
Kaighns  Point,  and  as  the  first  William 
Cooper  had  forty-five  years  before  bought 
the  Roydon  ferry,  the  probability  is  that  the 
Coopers  in  1730  owned  all  the  ferry  rights 
except  that  of  John  Reading,  who,  on  June 
1,  1695,  had  been  empowered  by  the  court 
"  to  keep  a  ferry  over  Gloucester  River  (Tim- 
ber Creek),  and  from  Gloucester  to  Wickaco  : 
for  a  single  man  and  horse  two  shillings  and 
six  pence ;  and  four  shillings  per  head  for 
more  than  one  horse  and  cow ;  and  one  shil- 
ling and  six  pence  for  a  single  man  ;  and  one 
shilling  per  head  when  more  than  one  from 
Gloucester  to  Wickaco ;  and  five  pence  per 
head  for  horses,  cows,  &c.;  and  two  pence  per 
head  for  man  without  horses  or  cattell  over 
Gloucester  River."  Thus  Reading  had  come 
into  possession  of  a  ferry  between  Gloucester 
Point  and  the  former  Swanson  lands  at  the 
lower  end  of  Philadelphia,  while  the  Coopers 
owned  and  ran  the  ferries  higher  up  the 
stream.  As  roads  were  straightened  and  im- 
proved, bridges  built  and  the  country  more 
thickly  settled,  Cooper's  ferries  had  the  pref- 
erence with  travelers,  since  the  distance  across 
the  river  was  much  shortened,  with  less 
risk  and  much  greater  speed.  The  later  his- 
tory of  the  Gloucester  ferries  will  be  found 
farther  on  in  this  chapter.  "The  amount 
of  business  done  at  these  ferries  may  be 
inferred  from  the  number  of  inhabitants  in 


364 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


this  region  in  those  days.  The  census  of 
Gloucester  County  taken  in  1737  shows  a 
population  of  three  thousand  two  hundred 
and  sixty-seven,  including  one  hundred  and 
twenty-two  slaves.  A  large  proportion  of 
these  lived  near  some  navigable  stream,  de- 
pending upon  boats  as  a  means  of  travel, 
and  in  going  to  Philadelphia  they  would  use 
their  own  transportation  and  not  cross  either 
at  Gloucester  or  Coopers  ferry.  Also  it  has 
been  seen  that  in  1715  Daniel  Cooper  had 
but  two  ferry-boats,  no  doubt  of  ordinary 
size  and  without  capacity  for  carrying  many 
people,  which  kind  of  evidence  goes  very  far 
to  prove  that  the  means,  though  scanty,  were 
sufficient  for  the  wants  of  the  public." 

New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania  legislation 
regarding  the  ferries  between  the  two  prov- 
inces was  not  always  cotemporaneous,  but  in 
the  main  the  acts  of  each  -yvere  in  harmony. 
In  1 700  Pennsylvania  ordered  that  no  ferry- 
man be  permitted  to  ply  the  river  Delaware 
"  in  this  government "  without  first  giving 
bond  that  "  they  shall  not  carry  out  of  or 
into  this  province  any  strangers  that  may  be 
suspected  of  piracy  or  being  criminals  or  run- 
aways." In  1718  the  second  William 
Cooper  obtained  from  the  Pennsylvania  As- 
sembly a  confirmation  of  the  franchises  which 
he  enjoyed  in  New  Jersey,  the  Assembly,  on 
February  22d  of  that  year,  passing  an  act  for 
"  erecting  a  ferry  at  or  near  the  land  of  Dan- 
iel Cooper,  deceased,"  and  also  "  to  Glouces- 
ter in  the  Western  division,  N.  J."  On 
August  18,  1727,  another  act  was  passed 
"  for  establishing  a  ferry  from  the  city  of 
Philadelphia  to  the  landing  at  or  near  the 
house  of  William  Cooper,  and  another  from 
or  near  the  city  bounds  to  Gloucester,  in 
New  Jersey." 

The  landings  on  the  Philadelphia  side  are 
said  to  have  been  at  Market  (then  High)  Street 
and  below  it,  except  the  one  known  as  the 
"Old  Ferry,"  which  was  between  Market 
and  Arch  Streets.  The  Pennsylvania  act  of 
1727  conferred    the  ferry  jurisdiction   upon 


the  Common  Council  of  Philadelphia,  which 
it  exercised  by  appointing  Sylvanus  Smout 
as  ferryman,  with  a  lease  of  one  year,  termin- 
ating in  September,  1728.  Smout  worked 
in  conjunction  with  the  Coopers,  and  in  1735 
the  Penns  confirmed  the  right  of  the  muni- 
cipal corporation  to  make  grants  of  ferry 
privileges  from  Cohocksink  Creek  to  beyond 
the  south  bounds  of  the  city.  After  Smout, 
William  Eawle,  brother-in-law  of  William 
Cooper,  was  appointed  ferryman  on  the 
Pennsylvania  side,  with  a  seven  years'  lease, 
for  which  he  paid  thirty  pounds  per  annum. 
He  died  before  February  24,  1748,  as  on 
that  date  Cooper,  who  was  one  of  his  execu- 
tors, applied  for  a  new  lease  in  his  own  name, 
to  run  until  Francis  Rawle,  son  of  William, 
should  attain  his  majority  and  be  able  to  un- 
dertake the  business  for  himself.  The 
younger  Rawle  got  the  lease  for  himself  in 
1755,  and  as  he  was  also  dead  at  its  expira- 
tion, in  1763,  it  was  awarded  to  his  widow, 
Rebecca  Rawle,  and  his  executors  paid  the 
rental  up  to  March,  1769. 

William  Cooper,  son  of  Daniel  and  grand- 
son of  William,  in  1 723  came  into  posses- 
sion of  all  the  Roydon  lands,  and  in  1744 
conveyed  to  his  son  Daniel  one  hundred  acres 
of  land,  including  the  site  of  the  Federal 
Street  ferry.  The  site  of  the  old  ferry  was 
a  little  south  of  the  foot  of  Cooper  Street, 
and  was  probably  abandoned  about  1755  or 
1760,  as  it  was  not  mentioned  even  in  the 
deed  from  William  Cooper  to  his  son  Jacob 
in  1764,  which  conveyed  to  him  the  property 
on  the  river  between  a  point  a  short  distance 
north  of  Cooper  Street,  south  to  near  Arch 
Street.  The  history  of  the  ferries  will  be 
given  under  their  different  names. 

The  primitive  boats  of  the  settlers  were 
small  skiffs,  but  as  the  demands  of  transpor- 
tation increased,  they  were  succeeded  by  the 
wherries.  These  were  capital  craft  and  most 
admirably  adapted  to  their  work.  They 
were  from  twenty- five  to  forty  feet  long,  with 
a  beam  of  one-third  their  length,  were  clink- 


NAVIGATION  AND  SHIP-BUILDING. 


365 


er-built,  and  their  long,  sharp  prows  were 
shod  with  iron,  which  protected  them  from 
being  cut  through  when  they  were  driven 
against  the  floating  ice  in  the  winter  passages. 
If  the  river  was  hard  frozen,  they  were  placed 
upon  runners  and  dragged  across  by  hand. 
Women  and  children  were  then  allowed  to 
remain  in  the  boats,  but  the  able-bodied 
men  were  expected  to  work  their  passage  at 
the  ropes.  For  the  ferriage  of  horses,  cattle, 
vehicles,  etc.,  there  were  the  "  horse-boats," 
huge,  flat-bottomed  scows,  propelled  by  enor- 
mous sweeps,  that  under  opposing  conditions 
of  tides  might  take  an  hour  to  make  the 
crossing.  The  immediate  forerunner  of 
steam  was  the  marvelous  construction  known 
as  a  "  team-boat,"  which  had  wheels  upon 
its  sides,  the  motive-power  of  which  was 
furnished  by  horses  working  on  some  boats 
in  the  fashion  of  a  treadmill  and  on  another 
pattern  traveling  in  a  circle  at  the  ends  of 
horizontal  arms  which  had  a  cogged  gearing 
to  the  shaft.  Eight,  nine  or  ten  horses  were 
employed  in  a  boat  of  this  class,  which  was 
a  vast  improvement  upon  manual  labor  at  the 
oars  and  no  mean  approximation  to  steam- 
power.  The  year  was  divided  by  the  ferry- 
man into  summer  and  winter  seasons,  one 
extending  from  March  to  December,  and  the 
other  from  December  to  March.  After  the 
Revolutionary  War  the  business  became  sys- 
tematized and  by  general  consent  the  ferry- 
men established  a  uniform  scale  of  summer 
prices — For  each  passenger,  twelve  and  a  half 
cents ;  for  wagon  and  horses,  one  dollar  and 
a  half;  for  man  and  horse,  fifty  cents,  and  for 
cattle  per  head,  fifty  cents.  In  the  winter 
this  tariif  was  doubled,  and  the  senior  ferry- 
master  decided  when  the  advance  was  to  be 
made.  He  gave  the  signal  for  the  double 
tolls  by  ordering  the  horse-boats  from  their 
anchorage  in  the  river  to  the  wharves.  Dr. 
Fisler  gives  these  names  of  .some  of  the  team- 
boats  :  The  "  Eidgway,"  built  by  Benjamin 
Reeves,  which  ran  from  the  foot  of  Cooper 
Street;  the  "Washington,"  which  plied  be- 
43 


tween  Market  Street,  Camden,  and  Market 
Street,  Philadelphia;  the  "  Phcenix," 
"  Moses  Lancaster,"  "  Constitution  "  and 
"  Independence." 

Steam  was  first  used  in  1810,  but  to  a  lim- 
ited extent,  and  often  a  return  was  made  to 
the  team-boats.  The  first  steam  ferry-boat 
was  built  in  1810  by  James  Bispham  and  was 
commanded  by  Captain  Ziba  Kellum,  and 
ran  from  Camden  to  Market  Street.  It  is 
an  unsettled  question  whether  this  boat  ran 
from  Kaighns  Point  or  Cooper  Street  ferry. 
Shortly  after  James  Springer  built  one.  In 
1813  William  Cooper  built  the  "Rebecca" 
It  was  not  until  the  ferry  companies  were  or- 
ganized that  ferry-boats  were  fitted  for  run- 
ning through  ice  and  making  regular  trips 
in  the  winter. 

Messrs.  Toy  and  Reeves,  of  Federal  Street 
Ferry,  in  1835,  at  the  request  of  many  citi- 
zens, tried  the  experiment  of  running  a 
night  boat,  but  were  obliged  to  abandon  the 
enterprise  for  want  of  support.  The  ferry 
companies  being  better  able  to  sustain  loss 
than  individuals,  later  began  night  trips  and 
continued  them.  The  Camden  and  Philadel- 
phia Ferry  Company  put  on  the  first  night 
boat  July  4, 1842;  the  last  boat  left  Camden 
at  nine  o'clock  and  Philadelphia  at  half-past 
nine  P.M. 

The  steam  ferry-boat  "  State  Rights," 
built  in  1835,  was  the  first  boat  furnished 
with  cabins.  The  necessity  of  life-saving 
appliances  was  not  apparent  until  the  disas- 
ter occurred  to  the  ferry-boat "  New  Jersey," 
March  15, 1855.  From  that  time,  ferry-boats 
were  fitted  with  life-preservers,  cork  cushions 
and  other  appliances  not  only  for  saving  life 
but  for  extinguishing  fire. 

In  1828  there  were  twelve  steam  ferry- 
boats in  service  between  Philadelphia  and 
Camden,  among  them  being  the  "  William 
Wray,"  the  "  Philadelphia  "  and  the  "  Min- 
ette,"  alias  the  "  Dandy,"  which  took  passen- 
gers to  and  from  Joseph  Laterno's  Vauxhall 
Garden,  Market  and    Fourth  Streets,  Cam- 


366 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


den.  In  1843  there  were  fourteen  steamboats, 
costing  seventy  thousand  dollars, — two  from 
Coopers  Point  to  Arch  Street  and  Kensing- 
ton (or  Shackamaxon),  two  from  English's 
(Cooper  Street)  to  Arch  Street,  three  from 
lower  side  of  Market  Street  (one  of 
which  connected  with  Callowhill),  two 
from  Cake's  (upper  side  of  Market 
Street),  two  from  Ellwell's  (Federal  Street)  to 
foot  of  Walnut  Street,  two  from  Kaighns 
Point  t»  foot  of  South  Street  and  one  be- 
tween Gloucester  and  Greenwich. 

Coopers  Point  Ferry,  now  the  Cam- 
den and  Atlantic  Ferry,  is  the  oldest  in  the 
county  to  continue.  The  Point  was  the  prop- 
erty of  William  Cooper,  who  settled  upon  it 
in  1680,  and  doubtless  operated  a  ferry  dur-  . 
ing  the  summer  of  1682,  when  the  Friends 
were  holding  a  six  weelis'  business  meeting 
at  Shackamaxon  and  his  place.  The  precise 
time  the  ferry  was  regularly  established  is 
not  known,  but  that  it  was  in  operation  be- 
fore 1708  is  ascertained  from  the  deed  of 
William  Cooper  to  his  son  Joseph,  dated 
February  18th,  in  that  year,  to  whom  he 
conveys  two  hundred  and  twelve  acres,  in- 
cluding the  ferry  at  Coopers  Point.  Joseph 
Cooper  conveyed  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
two  acres  of  the  tract  of  two  hundred 
and  twelve  to  his  son  Benjamin,  including 
the  ferry,  May  2,  1728,  who  operated  it 
until  July  1,  1762,  when  he  conveyed  it 
to  his  son  Samuel,  who  soon  after  built 
the  ferry-house  now  standing  and  used  in 
part  as  the  office  of  the  Camden  and  Atlan- 
tic Railroad  Company.  The  ferry  was  con- 
ducted by  him  many  years.  About  1800  it 
passed  to  his  son  William,  who  conducted 
it  until  his  death,  in  1849.  William  Cooper 
had,  in  1813,  built  the  steam  ferry-boat 
"  Rebecca  "  (named  after  his  wife),  it  being 
the  first  steamboat  used  at  that  ferry  and 
the  third  on  the  river.  The  "  Rebecca " 
also  became  known  as  the  "  Aunt  Becky." 
A  peculiarity  of  this  steamer  was  the  boiler, 
the   shell  of  which  was  of  wood  clamped 


with  iron  bands.  Her  single  wheel  was  at 
her  stern,  and  being  the  first  vessel  of  the 
kind  on  the  stream  she  got  a  second  nick- 
name— -"  The  Wheelbarrow."  She  was  com- 
manded by  Captain  Lannery  and  Captain 
Fred.  Roth.  She  was  succeeded  by  the 
"Citizen,"  "The  Old  Coopers  Point,"  and 
the  "Kensington,"  which  ran  to  Poplar 
Street.  In  1855  the  "  Leo"  was  put  on  and 
ran  to  Vine  Street ;  "  Tallacca ; "  "  Arasapha," 
built  in  1861  and  which  was  the  first  iron 
ferry-boat  with  beam  engine  on  the  Dela- 
ware; "Old  Atlantic,"  in  1865;  and  "Coopers 
Point,"  in  1879. 

In  1849,  the  Coopers  Point  Ferry  passed 
to  Joseph  W.  Cooper,  son  of  William, 
who  ran  it  until  1854,  when  he  sold  it  to  the 
Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad  Company, 
who  owned  it  one  year,  when  it  again  came 
into  the  possession  of  Joseph  W.  Cooper,  who 
formed  a  company  and  applied  to  the  Legis- 
lature for  a  charter  for  The  Coopers  Point 
and  Philadelphia  Ferry  Company,  which 
was  granted  and  approved  February  20, 
1856.  The  corporators  named  in  the  act 
were  Joseph  AV.  Cooper,  Samuel  R.  Lippin- 
cott,  John  C.  Dacosta,  Joseph  Ellis,  Walter 
D.  Bell,  Isaac  H.  Wood,  Benjamin  W. 
Cooper,  who  were  also  named  as  directors. 

The  company  operated  the  ferry  from  that 
time  until  January  24,  1872,  when  the  Cam- 
den and  Atlantic  Railroad  Company  pur- 
chased the  property  and  have  since  operated 
it  in  connection  with  their  railroad.  They 
have  at  present  three  boats, — the  "  New  At- 
lantic," "  Arasapha,"  and  "  Coopers  Point " 
— that  run  to  Vine  Street,  Philadelphia. 

Samuel  C.  Cooper  served  as  manager  for 
the  ferry  company  for  ten  years  preceding 
its  sale  to  the  railroad  company. 

The  Kensington  and  New  Jersey  Ferry 
Company,  incorporated  about  fifteen  years 
ago,  extends  from  Coopers  Point  to  Ken- 
sington (Shackamaxon  Street,  Philadelphia). 
This  ferry  is  now  under  the  control  of  the 
Camden   and   Atlantic   Railroad    Company, 


NAVIGATION  AND  SHIP-BUILDING. 


367 


and  ou  it  the  steamboat  "  Shackamaxon  "  is 
run. 

The  Federal  Street  Ferry. — The 
site  of  the  Federal  Street  Ferry  was  granted, 
with  one  hundred  acres  of  land,  to  Daniel 
Cooper  in  1744,  who,  a  few  years  later,  doubt- 
less established  a  ferry  at  that  place.  In 
1764  he  erected  a  mansion  known  after- 
wards as  Parson's  Hotel,  and  inserted  a  slab 
with  the  letters  "D.  M.  C,  1764,"  which 
were  for  Daniel  and  ]Mary  (West)  Cooper. 
Joshua  Cooper,  son  of  Daniel,  took  charge  of 
the  ferry  and  conducted  it  until  1803.  It 
was  left  to  him  by  will  from  his  father, 
dated  in  1768,  although  he  did  not  possess 
the  property  until  several  years  later.  In 
1796  it  was  connected  with  the  main  roads 
from  Burlington  by  a  road  along  the  river, 
intersecting  the  Cooper  Street  Ferry,  then 
owned  by  Daniel  Cooper,  his  nephew.  Joshua 
Cooper,  in  1803,  leased  the  Federal  Street 
Ferry  to  Richard  Thorne  for  a  term  of  eight 
years.  Its  ownership  passed  from  Joshua 
Cooper  to  his  brother  James,  who,  before 
1820,  sold  it  to  John  Wessels,  who  also  in 
that  year  kept  a  store  at  the  foot  of  the  street 
west  of  the  Ferry  House,  and  who  ran  the 
ferry  many  years,  and  at  his  death,  in  1830, 
left  it  to  his  son,  Samuel  D.,  who,  in  1832, 
sold  it  to  Jacob  Ridgway.  Boats  ran  to  Arch 
Street  and  to  Market  Street,  Philadelphia. 
At  the  former  point  Eidgway  owned  the 
Arch  Street  House,  and  at  Market  Street  he 
removed  the  old  ferry  hotel  and  built  the 
Ridgway  House  in  1837.  The  ferry  prop- 
erty in  Camden  embraced  all  the  land,  with 
the  improvements  thereon,  between  Arch  and 
Federal,  west  of  Second  Street,  with  much 
ground  south  of  Federal,  pleasure  gardens 
taking  up  much  of  the  latter.  Ridgway  en- 
larged the  Ferry  House  by  building  a  wing  on 
Federal  Street,  built  a  row  of  frame  houses  on 
Arch  Street,  and  made  many  other  improve- 
ments, all  of  which,  together  with  two  hotels 
in  Philadelphia,  he  sold  in  1838  to  the  Cam- 
den and  Philadelphia  Steamboat  Ferry  Co. 


In  December,  1786,  Joseph  Wright,  of 
Philadelphia,  established  the  "  Lower  Ferry," 
which  also  landed  at  Federal  Street,  starting 
on  the  western  side  from  Robert  Wain's 
wharf,  below  the  drawbridge.  It  touched  at 
Windmill  Island,  where  Wright  erected  a 
half-way  house  and  announced  that  "  passen- 
gers would  always  meet  with  hearty  welcome 
and  a  hospitable  fire  in  tlie  cold  season  to 
warm  and  refresh  themselves  while  waiting 
for  an  opportunity  of  evading  those  large 
fields  of  ice  which  generally  float  up  and 
down  with  the  tide  and  obstruct  the  passage 
during  winter." 

Wright's  enterprise  of  the  half-way  house 
was  the  seed  of  an  ambitious  project 
that  sprouted  in  the  minds  of  some  citizens 
of  Camden,  the  most  prominent  of  whom 
was  Edward  Sharp.  They  conceived,  about 
the  year  1818,  the  notion  of  building  a  bridge 
between  Camden  and  Windmill  Island, 
from  which  access  to  Ph  iladelphia  by  a  short 
ferry  would  be  easy.  A  bridge  company 
was  incorporated  by  the  New  Jersey  Legis- 
ture,  and  in  order  to  accommodate  the 
expected  travel.  Sharp  laid  out  Bridge  Ave- 
nue in  Camden,  in  1820,  but  the  scheme  fell 
dead  because  of  the  lack  of  investors  in  the 
stock  of  the  company. 

Under  the  Wessel  ownership  of  this  ferry, 
Joseph  Wilds  and  Benjamin  Reeves  were 
ferry-masters.  From  1825  to  1835  Reeves 
and  Isaiah  Toy  were  partners,  the  former 
keeping  the  ferry-house  at  the  foot  of  Market 
Street,  Philadelphia,  and  the  latter  the  ferry- 
house  at  the  foot  of  Federal  Street,  in  Cam- 
den. Following  Toy  was  John  Kinsell,  and 
with  him  ends  the  list  of  private  managers. 

Neither  Joshua  Cooper  of  1769,  Richard 
Thorneof  1811,noreveu  John  Kinsell  of  1840 
would  know  the  Federal  Street  Ferry  were 
they  now  living  to  take  a  survey  of  it.  As 
late  as  1850  the  ferry  slips  were  as  far  east 
as  Delaware  Street,  and  the  process  of  filling 
up  and  moving  the  landing  westward  had 
been  going  on  for  more  than  half  a  century. 


368 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


In  the  earlier  years,  save  the  ferry-houses  or 
hotels,  there  was  no  shelter  for  waiting  pas- 
sengers, while  now  commodious  saloons 
discard  the  necessity  for  hotels.  On  April 
1,  1841,  R.  C.  Cake  leased  the  old  ferry- 
house  at  Federal  Street  and  continued  there 
until  1850. '  He  was  succeeded  by  John 
Woolston,  and,  in  November,  1854,  Stephen 
Parsons  took  the  house  and  kept  it  until 
June,  1882.  In  1883  the  old  house,  after 
one  hundred  and  nineteen  years  of  service, 
was  torn  down. 

Camden  and  Philadelphia  Steam- 
boat Ferry  Company. — This  company 
was  incorporated  March  5,  1836,  with  an 
authorized  capital  of  one  hundred  thousand 
dollars,  and  the  right  to  purchase,  build  or 
lease  wharves,  slips,  piers  and  buildings  to 
build  steamboats,  vessels  and  ferry-boats  and 
to  arrange  a  schedule  of  fares.  The  following 
persons  were  named  in  the  act  of  incorpora- 
tion as  directors  :  Joseph  Kaighn,  Samuel 
Lanning,  Gideon  V.  Stivers,  John  W. 
Mickle,  Richard  Fetters,  Samuel  Harris, 
Isaac  Vansciver,  Isaac  Cole  and  William 
Carman.  Joseph  Kaighn  was  chosen  presi- 
dent, and  John  W.  Mickle  secretary  and 
treasurer. 

In  the  fall  of  1837  the  company  purchased 
the  Federal  Street  Ferry  of  Jacob  Ridgway 
and  at  once  fitted  it  up,  not  only  for  ordinary 
passenger  traffic,  but  to  run  in  connection 
with  the  Camden  and  Amboy  Railroad.  The 
first  boat  under  their  charge  began  its  trips 
on  the  18th  of  April  in  1838.  The  company 
erected  a  large  brick  hotel  near  the  ferry- 
house,  which  was  opened  by  James  Elwell 
and  was  known  as  the  "  Railroad  Hotel."  It 
was  destroyed  by  fire  April  1,  1842,  and  re- 
built as  a  four-story  brick  and  again  occupied 
by  James  Elwell.  It  was  everitually  torn 
down. 

The  company  was  influential  in  obtain- 
ing a  charter  for  the  canal  through  Wind- 
mill Island,  from  the  Pennsylvania  Legis- 
lature  in    February,   1838,   and   which  was 


so  far  completed  as  to  be  used  in  1840. 
Benjamin  Farrow,  now  living,  was  placed  in 
charge  of  the  station  on  the  island  and  con- 
tinued sixteen  years,  when  the  special  privi- 
leges granted  to  the  company  were  abandoned. 

Joseph  Kaighn,  the  president,  died  in 
1841,  and  Samuel  Harris  was  elected  in  his 
place,  filling  the  position  until  1844,  when 
John  W.  Mickle  was  made  president  and  re- 
mained such  until  his  death,  and  William  H. 
Gatzmer  was  made  secretary  and  treasurer,  a 
position  he  holds  to  this  day. 

When  the  ferry  company  purchased,  in 
1838,  John  W.  Mickle  assumed  control  and 
managed  for  several  years,  when,  in  1846, 
John  J.  Benson  was  appointed  superintendent 
and  was  followed  by  B[enry  Fredericks  for 
one  year  and  then  by  David  Craven.  In 
December,  1855,  the  present  superintendent, 
Andrew  B.  Frazee,  was  appointed,  and  for 
nearly  thirty-one  years  he  has  conducted  the 
ferry  with  rare  tact  and  success.  About  four 
months  after  he  took  charge  the  terrible 
disaster  to  the  "  New  Jersey,"  which  was 
burned  with  a  loss  of  sixty  of  her  passengers, 
although  no  fault  of  his,  so  daunted  the 
young  official  that  he  tendered  his  resignation, 
which  the  directors  wisely  refused  to  accept, 
and  his  long  and  useful  career,  which  has 
won  for  him  their  confidence  and  the  esteem 
of  the  community,  prove  that  the  officers  of 
1856  knew  what  they  were  doing. 

The  ferry-boat "  New  Jersey,"  of  the  Cam- 
den and  Philadelphia  Steamboat  Ferry  Com- 
pany, was  burned  Saturday  evening,  March  15, 
1856,  with  one  hundred  passengers  on  board. 
It  left  the  dock,  at  the  foot  of  Walnut  Street, 
Philadelphia,  between  eight  and  nine  o'clock, 
for  Camden,  and  headed  for  the  canal,  which 
was  found  so  full  of  ice  that  the  boat  turned 
northward  so  as  to  cross  the  bar  above  the 
island.  When  nearly  opposite  Arch  Street 
wharf  the  boat  was  discovered  to  be  on  fire^ 
near  the  smoke-stack.  The  captain  directed 
the  pilot  to  steer  direct  for  the  Arch  Street 
wharf,  which    was  done.      The  fire  spread 


NAVIGATION  AND  SHIP-BUILDING. 


369 


with  great  rapidity,  and  soon  the  pilot  and 
engineer  were  driven  from  their  positions 
and  the  boat  was  unmanageable.  When 
within  thirty  feet  from  the  wharf  the  pilot- 
house fell.  A  flood-tide  was  setting  up  the 
river  at  the  time,  and  the  boat  steered  from 
the  wharf  towards  the  island.  Many  pas- 
sengers jumped  when  near  the  wharf,  and 
forty-seven  were  saved.  The  boat  floated 
toward  the  island  and  lodged  on  the  ice.  She 
was  later  towed  to  the  Jersey  shore,  where 
she  sank. 

Of  the  boats  used  at  this  ferry  during  the 
first  quarter  of  the  present  century  little  is 
certainly  known.  The  ferry-masters  kept 
few  records  and  memory  dies  with  the  owner. 
The  first  authentic  account  of  a  steamboat  at 
Federal  Street  was  the  "  Franklin,"  in  1820. 
She  was  in  command  of  Captain  Richard 
Fetters,  and  was  built  by  Benjamin  Reeves,  to 
run  from  Market  Street,  and  transferred  to  the 
Federal  Street  Ferry  when  he  changed  his 
base.  Team-boats  propelled  by  horses  mov- 
ing in  a  circle  were  used  even  after  steam  had 
been  tried.  From  1820  to  1830  team  boats 
were  used  at  this  ferry.  The  "  William 
Wray  "  and  "  Philadelphia  "  were  built  by 
Toy  &  Reeves  in  1828.  They  were  steam- 
boats, and  were  in  use  twenty  years  after- 
wards. The  "  Philly,"  as  she  was  familiarly 
called,  was  a  favorite  excursion  boat,  and  was 
frequently  used  on  Sunday-school  picnics. 

When  the  Ferry  Company  came  into  pos- 
session they  found  on  their  hands  the  "  Old 
Philly,"  «  Billy  Wray  "  and  "State  Rights." 
These  came  with  the  arrangements  made 
between  the  ferry  company  and  the  railroad 
company  in  relation  to  the  transfer  of  pas- 
sengers across  the  river  to  Walnut  Street. 
In  1835  the  Camden  and  Amboy  Railroad 
Company  built  the  "  States  Rights,"  a  very 
large  and  powerful  boat  which  came  to  be 
called  the  "  Ice  Breaker,"  because  its  size  and 
power  fitted  it  for  keeping  the  channel  open 
in  winter.  The  name  was  changed  to  "  United 
States  Rights,"  as  the  war  period  approached 


and  the  original  title  was  found  to  be  sym- 
bolical of  political  doctrines  unpopular  in 
this  section. 

For  many  years  the  Camden  and  Amboy 
Company  ran  a  ferry  from  Bridge  Avenue  to 
Walnut  Street,  and  the  boats  of  the  two  com- 
panies sometimes  interchanged  positions.  The 
"  John  Fitch  "  and  "  New  Jersey  "  were  added 
to  the  fleet.  The  latter  was  built  for  the  Glou- 
cester ferry.  The  "  Mary  "  followed,  and  in 
1852  the  "Dido."  The  latter  was  an  iron 
boat,  low  in  the  water,  very  sharp,  of  great 
power  and  speed,  making  her  way  through 
ice  that  wholly  checked  the  progress  of  other 
boats.  She  was  the  universal  favorite,  and 
if  the  "Kaighns  Pointers"  vowed  by  the 
"  Champion,"  all  others  swore  by  the  "  Dido." 

After  A.  B.  Frazee  became  superintendent 
the  "Delaware,"  "Camden"  and  "Philadel- 
phia" were  built.  These  were  wooden  boats, 
but  superior  in  size,  power  and  accommoda- 
tion to  any  preceding  them.  They  have  been 
disposed  of  in  various  ways.  In  1874  the 
"  Pennsylvania  "  was  built.  She  is  of  iron, 
with  iron  wheels,  the  first  so  constructed,  but 
generally  copied  after  since.  In  1882  the 
"  Wenonah "  and  "  Beverly "  were  con- 
structed. They  are  copied  after  the  "  Penn- 
sylvania," but  are  larger,  stronger  and  more 
powerful,  and  stand  for  the  highest  type  of 
ferry-boats  designed  for  Delaware  River 
ferrying.  Six  million  passengers  crossed 
the  ferry  in  1886. 

With  the  exception  of  the  New  Jersey 
catastrophe,  this  ferry  has  had  no  serious 
mishap.  From  the  first  the  relations  be- 
tween the  ferry  and  railroad  companies  were 
of  the  most  friendly  character,  and  since  the 
lease  of  the  Camden  and  Amboy  Railroad  by 
the  Pennsylvania  Company,  the  latter  has 
assumed  control,  and  although  two  in  law,  in 
their  workings  they  are  one.  The  following 
are  the  officers  and  directors,  Edmund  Smith 
(president),  William  H.  Gatzmer  (secretary 
and  treasurer),  John  C.  Bullitt,  William  J. 
Sewell,    J.    Morris    Dorrance,    William    N. 


370 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Bannard,  Beiljamin  F.  Archer,  John  W. 
McKnight,  Thomas  H.  Dudley;  Superin- 
tendent; A.  B.  Frazee;  Carpenter,  Thomas 
Jones ;  Chief  Engineer,  Daniel  Simpkins. 

William  H.  Gatzmer,  well  and  famil- 
iarly known  to  the  active  business  world  as 
an  energetic  and  leading  spirit  in  the  early 
development  and  subsequently  successful  op- 
eration of  the  Camden  and  Amboy  Railroad, 
was  born  near  Somerville,  Somerset  County, 
N.  J.,  July  22,  1807.  He  is  descended  on 
the  paternal  side  from  German  ancestry,  his 
father  having  sailed  from  Coburg  to  this 
country  in  1794,  and  made  his  home  in  Bus- 
tleton.  Pa.,  near  Philadelphia.  He  after- 
wards removed  to  Somerset  County,  N.  J., 
at  which  point  he  became  identified  with  the 
milling  interests  of  that  section. 

The  youthful  years  of  William  H.  Gatz- 
mer were  not  unlike  those  of  most  boys  of 
his  day,  when  limited  means  and  scanty 
educational  advantages  threw  him  upon  his 
own .  resources,  the  early  development  of 
which  contributed  greatly  to  his  successful 
business  life  in  after-years.  Such  opportu- 
nities for  acquiring  an  education  as  were  af- 
forded by  the  country  village  in  which  he 
lived  were  well  improved,  and,  at  the  age  of 
twelve,  he  was  sufficiently  advanced  in  his 
studies  to  fill  a  position  as  clerk  in  a  country 
store.  A  year  later  he  entered  a  more  ex- 
tensive establishment  at  Somerville,  and  at 
this  place  remained  nearly  five  years.  His 
close  attention  to  the  details  and  requirements 
of  the  business  won  for  him  the  cortfidence 
and  esteem  of  his  employers,  and  in  appre- 
ciation of  his  ability  a  partnership  was  pro- 
posed ;  but  the  lack  of  capital,  together  with 
the  belief  that  the  knowledge  of  some  trade 
would  render  him  more  sure  of  success  in 
life,  led  him  to  decline  the  offer.  He  then 
entered  a  printing-office  iu  the  same  town. 
Here,  the  ambition  of  the  youth  became  ap- 
parent ;  he  not  only  quickly  became  master 
of  all  the  details  of  this  new  avocation,  but 
devoted   his    leisure    hours  to  the  study  of 


science  and  literature.  Always  active,  and 
possessing  an  energetic  spirit,  he  sought  for 
advancement,  and  in  1830  made  successful 
application  to  one  of  the  largest  steamboat 
companies  of  New  York  City — the  Stevens 
Brothers— by  whom  he  was  made  chief  clerk 
on  the  steamer  "North  America."  This 
company  was  constructing,  at-  that  time,  the 
Camden  and  Amboy  Railroad.  Three  years 
later,  they  having  completed  the  eastern  sec- 
tion of  this  line,  Mr.  Gatzmer  was  transfer- 
red to  the  steamboat  route  between  New  York 
City  and  South  Amboy,  where  he  also  spent 
three  years. 

After  the  completion  of  the  road  he  en- 
tered the  Philadelphia  office,  where  he  dis- 
played marked  executive  ability  to  such  an 
extent  that  upon  the  resignation  of  Edwin 
A.  Stevens  from  the  presidency  of  the  Cam- 
den and  Amboy  Railroad  Company,  in  1867, 
he  was  by  unanimous  consent  elected  to  fill 
the  vacancy.  This  substantial  recognition  of 
Mr.  Gatzmer's  worth  was  but  justly  his  due 
in  return  for  thirty-seven  years  of  faithful 
and  uninterrupted  service.  This  position  he 
continued  to  hold  until  May,  1872,  when  the 
road  was  finally  leased  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  Company.  Mr.  Gatzmer  was 
identified  with  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad 
Company  as  early  as  1853  as  a  director, 
which  relation  he  sustained  until  1872,  when 
he  also  became  consulting  manager,  and 
filled  both  positions  until  1880. 

The  success  of  the  Camden  and  Amboy 
Railroad  stimulated  the  construction  of 
railroads  elsewhere,  and  the  great  principle  ■ 
involved  in  the  proper  management  of  rail- 
roads, approved  by  him,  have  been  univer- 
sally adopted,  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  by 
other  railroad  companies.  He  may  be  justly 
styled  the  railroad  "Nestor,"  for  we  know 
of  no  other  gentleman  who  for  so  long  a  pe- 
riod has  maintained  the  position  of  the  chief 
manager  of  one  of  the  most  wealthy  and  im- 
portant railroads  on  this  continent. 

Throughout  his   active   business   life  his 


^:i.,.-^i?<^^-^- 


NAVIGATION  AND  SHIP-BUILDING. 


371 


disposition  was  ever  most  genial  and  cordial, 
and,  notwithstanding  the  pressing  demands 
upon  his  time,  and  the  many  cares  and  re- 
sponsibilities resting  upon  him,  he  was  at  all 
times   approachable   alike    to    friends    and 
subordinates.     In  him  are  happily  blended 
the  most   amiable   and    courteous    manners, 
with  a  firm  and  resolute  decision  of  charac- 
ter, to  which  are  mainly  due  his  great  influ- 
ence in  the  New  Jersey  Railroad  system  and 
his  universal  popularity  with  the  public. 
I  Mr.   Gatzmer,  at  the  age  of  twenty-two 
years,  was    united    in    marriage  with    Eliza 
A.  Campbell,  of  New  York  City.     At  the 
present  time  Mr.  Gatzmer  has  but  two  sons 
living,  William  C.  and  Robert,  both  of  whom 
are  actively  engaged  in   business,  and  pos- 
sess many  of  the  qualifications  and  charac- 
teristics which  rendered  their  father  so  suc- 
cessful and  popular.    The  other  children  were 
Edwin,  Eliza,  Henry  S.  and  Ann.      Edwin 
died  July  25, 1883,  and  Henry  S.,  February 
9,  1886. 

Captain  Andrew  Blair  Feazbe,  who 
for  thirty-one  years  has  been  the  active  and 
efficient  superintendent  of  the  Camden  and 
Philadelphia  Steamboat  Ferry  Company,  was 
born  in  the  city  of  New  Brunswick,  N.  J., 
on  the  28th  day  of  August,  1820.  His 
grandfather,  Henry  Frazee,  emigrated  from 
France  and  settled  in  the  State  of  New  Jer- 
sey. In  1794  he  formed  a  military  company 
and  marched  with  it  into  Western  Pennsyl- 
vania to  aid  in  quelling  the  Whiskey  Insurrec- 
tion in  that  State.  He  never  returned 
from  this  expedition,  and  nothing  is  known 
of  his  future  history. 

Henry  Frazee,  his  son,  and  the  father  of 
Captain  Frazee,  was  married  to  Jane  Fisher, 
of  Middlesex  County,  and  was  long  a  resident 
of  New  Brunswick,  in  which  city  he  died  at 
the  age  of  seventy-six  years.  The  grand- 
mother of  the  captain  on  his  mother's  side, 
whose  name  was  Mary  E.  Blair,  emigrated 
from  Ireland  when  quite  young. 

Captain  Frazee  obtained  his  education  in 


the  schools  of  his  native  place  and  early  in 
life  entered  upon  an  active  career,  which  he 
has  regularly  continued  to  this  time.  In 
March,  1833,  he  became  an  employee  on  the 
steamboat  "  Napoleon,"  owned  by  the  New 
Brunswick  Steamboat  Company,  controlled 
by  the  Camden  and  Am  boy  Railroad,  and  was 
afterward  transferred  to  the  steamboat  "  Rar- 
itan,"  owned  by  the  same  company,  until 
1842.  Robert  L.  and  Edwin  A.  Stevens, 
well-known  individuals  in  the  history  of 
transportation  in  America,  then  appointed 
him  captain  of  the  "  Joseph  Belknap,"  one 
of  their  boats  plying  between  Amboy  and 
New  York  City.  Recognizing  his  efficiency 
and  ability,  in  1851  they  sent  him  for  one 
year  to  Wilmington,  Del.,  to  superintend  the 
construction  of  the  "  Richard  Stockton,"  a 
handsome  steamer,  which,  when  completed, 
ran  between  Philadelphia  and  Bordentowu, 
which,  with  the  Amboy  Railroad  from  Bor- 
dentowu and  the  "Joseph  Belknap"  from  Am- 
boy, completed  the  line  of  transportation 
from  Philadelphia  to  New  York  City,  and 
Captain  Frazee  again  became  commander  of 
the  last-named  boat. 

In  October,  1855,  he  was  ordered  by  the 
Camden  and  Amboy  Railroad  Company,  with 
the  "  Joseph  Belknap,"  to  Philadelphia,  and 
in  November  of  the  same  year  was  appointed 
superintendent  of  the  Camden  and  Philadel- 
phia Steamboat  Ferry  Company,  which  po- 
sition he  has  since  held  and  is  therefore,  in 
term  of  service,  the  oldest  employee  of  the 
old  Camden  and  Amboy  Railroad  Company. 
In  the  position  of  superintendent  of  the  ferry 
he  has  shown  rare  executive  ability  and  ren- 
dered very  efficient  service  in  making  needed 
improvements  and  building  up  the  interestsof 
the  company  under  whose  employ  he  has 
been  so  long  engaged.  He  superintended  the 
construction  of  the  "Camden,"  "  Delaware," 
"  Philadelphia,"  "  Pennsylvania  "  and  the 
remodeled  "  Delaware,"  the  "  Beverly  "  and 
the  "  Wenonah,"  well-known  ferry-boats  of 
this  company. 


372 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


Captain  Frazee  was  married,  September 
3,  1844,  to  Susan  Vanhook  Voorhees,  daugh- 
ter of  Peter  Voorhees,  of  New  Brunswick,  a 
descendant  of  one  of  the  early  Dutch  families 
of  New  Jersey.  She  died  in  1871,  leaving 
one  child,  Jane  F.  Frazee,  who  is  married  to 
Richard  F.  Smith,  the  present  sheriff  of  Cam- 
den County.  By  his  second  marriage,  with 
Mary  Emily  Young,  of  Philadelphia,  Octo- 
ber 27,  1873,  Captain  Frazee  has  three  chil- 
dren,— Andrew  B.,  William  H.  and  Susan 
Emily. 

Captain  Frazee  has  taken  an  active  interest 
in  the  Masonic  Order,  having  long  been  a 
member.  He  was  made  a  Master  Mason  in 
1866;  a  Royal  Arch  Mason  and  a  Knight 
Templar  in  1868;  was  Eminent  Commander 
of  Cyrene  Commandery  No.  7,  of  Camden,  in 
1869  and  1870,  and  was  elected  Grand  Com- 
mander of  Knights  Templar  of  the  State  in 
1 880.  He  has  taken  all  the  degrees  up  to  and 
including  the  thirty-third,  which  was  con- 
ferred upon  him  at  Boston  by  a  session  of 
the  Supreme  Council  on  September  19, 1882, 
making  him  an  honorary  member  of  that 
body,  and  in  September  27, 1883,  he  was  made 
an  active  member.  On  September  16, 1885, 
he  was  elected  deputy  of  the  Supreme  Coun- 
cil for  the  State  of  New  Jersey.  There  are 
now  only  two  active  members  in  the  State. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Odd  Fellows 
since  1842. 

CooPEE  Street  Ferry. — The  history  of 
the  Roydon  Ferry,  afterwards  known  as  the 
Cooper  Street  Ferry,  has  already  been  given 
in  the  beginning  of  this  chapter  up  to  about 
1767,  when  it  passed,  by  will,  with  the 
property  on  the  north  side  of  Cooper  Street, 
and  to  Pearl  Street,  from  William  Cooper, 
of  Philadelphia,  to  his  grandson,  William, 
son  of  Daniel.  The  ferry  at  the  foot  of  the 
street  was  established  before  the  Revolution, 
as  mention  is  made  of  the  Middle  Ferry.  It 
passed  from  William  Cooper  to  his  son  Dan- 
iel, who  operated  it  in  1796.  Daniel  died 
about  1804,  and  in    1817   his  property  was 


divided  between  his  three  daughters, — Mary 
Ann  (Carman),  Abigail  and  Esther  L.  The 
ferry  property  came  to  Abigail,  by  whom  it 
was  retained  until  her  death,  in  1868. 

The  ferry,  after  the  death  of  Daniel 
Cooper,  was  operated  by  one  Collins,  later 
by  Joseph  Bispham,  and  in  1810  and  later 
by  Benjamin  Reeves.  In  1814  Benjamin 
Reeves  built,  for  Richard  M.  Cooper  (who, 
from  this  time,  owned  the  ferry-boats),  the 
"  Camden,"  a  steam  ferry-boat.  Later  the 
"Vigilant"  was  built,  and  burned  at  the 
dock  a  few  weeks  after  it  was  completed. 
The  "  Delaware  "  was  then  built,  and  is  said 
to  have  bsen  the  first  ferry-boat  with  a  verti- 
cal cylinder.  She  ran  several  years,  and,  on 
the  31st  of  October,  1827,  the  boiler  burst 
while  lying  at  the  dock,  killing  the  engineer, 
John  Thorne,  Ledden  Davis  and  injuring 
others. 

In  1824  the  ferry  was  conducted  by  Eben- 
ezer  Toole,  who,  in  1828,  purchased  the 
Kaighns  Point  Ferry.  He  was  succeeded  in 
the  Cooper  Street  Ferry  by  Joseph  English, 
who  conducted  it  until  his  death,  and  was 
succeeded  by  his  son  Israel,  who  continued 
until  its  abandonment,  early  in  1850.  The 
property  did  not  pass  from  the  Coopers  from 
its  establishment  to  its  close.  The  English 
Ferry-House,  as  it  was  known,  stood  on  the 
site  of  the  new  block  of  buildings,  corner  of 
Front  and  Cooper  Streets,  well  back  from 
both  streets.  The  site  of  the  slip,  where  the 
ferry-boats  landed,  is  now  occupied  by  the 
Derby  &  Wetherby  machine-shop.  In 
1849  the  stables  of  the  ferry  were  burned 
and  the  ferry  was  abandoned,  and  in  1850 
Israel  English  moved  to  the  West  Jersey 
Hotel,  and  the  old  house  ceased  to  be  a  ho- 
tel, but  was  kept  for  years  in  connection 
with  the  garden,  and  was  torn  down  upon 
the  erection  of  the  present  brick  block. 

Kaighns  Point  Ferry  was  established 
by  Joseph  Kaighn  in  the  autumn  of  1809. 
It  was  located  at  the  foot  of  Ferry  Street, 
a  narrow    thoroughfare    running    off  from 


"^s^. 


^^P/^^^C^ 


NAVIGATION  AND  SHIP-BUILDING. 


373 


Kaighn  Avenue,  below  Second  Street,  the 
eastern  end  beiufij  vacated,  while  the  portion 
west  of  Front,  Street  is  now  used  by  the 
Camden,  Gloucester  and  Mount  Ephraim 
Railroad.  Until  recently  the  remnants  of  a 
grove  of  large  willow  trees  that  shaded  the 
approach  to  the  ferry  were  standing. 

Christopher  Madara,  who  came  from  Salem 
County,  leased  the  Kaighn  Ferry  prop- 
erty and  operated  the  ferry  which  landed 
at  Queen  Street,  Southwark,  until  1815, 
when  the  property  was  leased  to  the  Penn- 
sylvania and  New  Jersey  Steamboat  Ferry 
Company  for  ninety-nine  years.  Robert 
Fulton,  Robert  Livingston  and  John  Stevens 
at  that  time  claimed  the  sole  right  of  running 
steamboats  in  the  United  States,  and  this 
company  bought  from  them  the  exclusive 
privilege  for  the  Delaware  River  within  five 
miles  north  and  south  of  Kaighns  Point. 
Thus  the  other  companies  were  restricted  to 
the  use  of  the  old  "  team-boats,"  until  the 
United  States  Supreme  Court  decided  against 
Fulton's  claim  and  threw  steam  open  to  the 
world.  The  conditions  of  the  lease  were 
that,  under  penalty  of  forfeiture,  the  company 
should  at  all  times  maintain  a  good  ferry. 

The  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey  Com- 
pany put  upon  the  river,  in  1815,  the  largest 
and  finest  boat  before  seen  in  these  waters, — 
the  "Union," — the  hull  of  which  was  builtat 
Kensington  by  Nicholas  Yandusen,  and  the 
engine  at  Hoboken  by  Robert  L.  Stevens. 
The  company  spent  so  much  money  in  the  con- 
struction of  boats  and  the  building  of  wharves 
at  Kaighns  Point  and  at  Washington  and 
South  Streets,  on  the  Philadelphia  side,  that 
it  fell  into  bankruptcy.  Yet  it  continued  to 
run  a  little  steamer  called  the  "  Norristown," 
but  when  that  was  burned  it  was  forced  to 
suspend.  In  1816  Madara  gave  up  the 
Kaighns  Point  Hotel  to  George  W.  Hugg, 
and  June  21,  1821,  Kaighn  sold  the  whole 
property  to  the  widow  of  Clement  Reeves, 
who  brought  suit  against  the  company  for 
forfeiture  of  its  charter  and  won  her  case. 
44 


Mrs.  Reeves  and  her  sons,  Israel  and  Jo- 
seph, conducted  the  ferry  with  success,  and 
built  the  "  Southwark  "  and  the  "  New  Jersey," 
the  latter  a  safe  boat,  suited  for  the  business, 
but  was  so  exceedingly  slow  as  to  earn  the 
sobriquet  of  "  Scrubbing  Brush  "  and  "  The 
Turtle." 

Mrs.  Reeves  died  in  1827.  Israel  Reeves, 
her  executor,  sold  the  property  to  Ebenezer 
Toole,  by  deed  bearing  date  January  3, 1828. 
The  price  paid  was  thirteen  thousand  five 
hundred  dollars,  and  the  assessed  value  of 
the  property  in  1834  was  nineteen  thousand 
two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars. 

William  Champion  became  associated  with 
Toole  in  the  ferry  business,  and  the  two  con- 
ducted the  enterprise  for  over  twenty  years, 
their  western  terminus  being  at  the  foot  of 
South  Street,  where  Champion  kept  the  hotel 
known  as  the  Champion  House.  They  built 
the  "Southwark"  "Kaighns  Point"  and 
"  William  Champion  "  ferry-boats.  The  first 
was  worn  out  prior  to  1850,  the  second  was  in 
service  until  1853,  while  the  "  Champion  " 
did  full  duty  until  1866.  She  was  accounted 
a  superior  boat  in  her  day,  and  the  "  Kaighns 
Pointers "  of  the  "  forties "  and  early 
"  fifties  "  made  their  vows  by  the  "  '  Billy ' 
Champion."  Ebenezer  Toole,  dying  in  1850, 
his  heirs,  January  22,  1852,  conveyed  the 
property  to  the  South  Camden  Ferry  Com- 
pany, which  was  incorporated  May  14, 1851, 
of  which  Charles  Kaighn,  Joseph  M.  Cooper 
and  William  Griffith  were  members. 

The  company,  by  the  act  of  incorporation, 
established  the  ferry  at  the  old  place,  the 
foot  of  Ferry  Street,  and  on  the  24th  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1853,  procured  an  amendment  to  the 
charter  which  authorized  a  change  of  loca- 
tion to  the  foot  of  Kaighn  Avenue,  which 
was  done,  and  extensive  improvements  were 
made  in  filling  up  the  low  ground  almost  to 
the  present  western  limits  and  at  the  foot  of 
the  avenue.  James  Tuttle  was  made  super- 
intendent of  the  company,  and  was  succeeded 
by   Joseph   M.    Cooper.     The  steam  ferry- 


37i 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


boat,  "Stephen  Girard,"  a  swift,  stanch 
boat,  was  built  and  run  in  connection  with 
the  "  AVilliam  Champion."  The  best  facilities 
attainable  were  secured,  but  the  company- 
overtaxed  its  financial  strength,  and  in  1858, 
Henry  B.  Wilson  took  charge  of  and  man- 
aged the  ferry  in  the  interests  of  Samuel  M. 
Merritt,  trustees  of  the  second  mortgage 
bondholders.  In  1862  Zophar  C.  Howell, 
William  Grif?5th,  Charles  Kaighn,  John  D. 
Jones,  Joseph  Iszard,  John  Cooper,  James 
C.  Finn,  Henry  B.  Wilson,  Abraham  Brown- 
ing and  others,  as  the  Kaighns  Point  and 
Philadelphia  Ferry  Company,  incorporated 
March  15,  1859  (Z.  C.  Howell,  president, 
and  H.  B.  Wilson,  secretary),  secured  the 
property,  with  William  Griffith,  superintend- 
ent. 

The  "Rebecca  Howell"  and  "Agnes," 
wooden  boats,  were  built.  The  "  Rebecca 
Howell  "  was  in  service  until  1876,  and  the 
"  Agnes "  has  a  present  prospect  of  several 
years  of  usefulness.  In  September,  1873,  Gen- 
eral John  S.  Schultze,  president  of  the  Man- 
chester Railroad,  organized  in  1869,  having 
secured  the  right  of  way,  with  the  design  of 
making  Kaighns  Point  a  terminus,  purchased 
a  controlling  interest  in  the  ferry  company, 
and  October  17,  1873,  Charles  B.  Coles  was 
made  superintendent.  The  railroad  scheme 
failed  to  mature,  but  August  1,  1874,  Her- 
bert C.  Felton,  secretary  and  treasurer,  be- 
came the  superintendent,  and  the  ferry  be- 
came an  assured  success. 

In  1875  the  "  General  J.  S.  Schultze," 
and  in  1883  the  "  Colorado,"  both  large  and 
powerful  iron  boats,  were  built,  the  former  by 
John  H.  Dialogue,  and  with  the  "  Agnes," 
providing  sure  and  frequent  means  for  cross- 
ing the  river,  making  trips  at  intervals  of 
fifteen  minutes  until  late  in  the  evening,  and 
half-hour  trips  later. 

In  1880  the  company  removed  the  old 
ferry-houses  at  Kaighns  Point,  replacing 
them  with  a  structure  more  in  accordance 
-\\'ith  the  largely-increased  business,  and  in 


1885  the  process  was  repeated  at  the  Phila- 
delphia terminus. 

With  the  opening  of  Kaighn  Avenue, 
east  of  Haddon  Avenue,  the  travel  at 
Kaighns  Point  will  increase.  The  officers 
of  the  company  at  present  (1886)  are  the  fol- 
lowing :  Directors,  Z.  C.  Howell,  (president), 
John  S.  Schultze,  Wm.  Griffith,  John  Cooper, 
Benj.  D.  Shreeve,  Z.  R.  Wills,  William  E. 
Schultz  ;  Herbert  C.  Felton,  secretary,  treas- 
urer and  superintendent. 

The  West  Jersey,  familiarly  known  as 
"  The  Market  Street  Ferry,"  extends  from 
Market  Street,  Camden,  to  Market  Street, 
Philadelphia,  and  is  now,  and  has  long  been, 
one  of  the  leading  lines  'of  transportation 
across  the  Delaware  between  the  two  cities. 
This  ferry  was  established  about  1800  by 
Abraham  Browning,  Sr.,  an  intelligent  and 
enterjirising  farmer  of  the  territory  now  em- 
braced in  Stockton  township.  His  father- 
in-law,  George  Genge,  at  that  time  had  a 
board -yard  at  the  foot  of  the  street.  Abra- 
ham Browning  built  a  ferry-house  on  the 
south  side  of  Market  Street,  on  the  site  of 
the  large  store  building  of  Taylor  Brothers, 
on  the  corner  of  Market  Street  and  Second. 
He  also  put  up  stables  for  the  reception  of 
horses  and  vehicles,  as  the  boats  at  that  time 
used  on  this  ferry,  as  on  all  others  on  the 
Delaware,  were  small  row-boats  or  wherries, 
and  of  insufficient  size  and  capacity  for  the 
conveyance  of  market  teams.  Sails  were 
used  to  propel  the  wherries  when  the  wind 
was  fair,  and  in  the  absence  of  wind,  oars 
were  applied  ;  but  if  the  winds  were  adverse 
and  strong,  the  boats  awaited  until  the  Fates 
were  more  propitious.  Farmers  usually  un- 
loaded their  produce  and  left  their  teams  on 
the  east  side  of  the  river,  while  they  went  to 
market  or  attended  to  other  business  in  Phila- 
delphia. Abraham  Browning  improved  the 
accommodations  for  landing  by  adding  suf- 
ficient wharfing.  The  original  place  of  land- 
ing of  his  boats  at  the  times  of  high  tide, 
however,  was    near    the  site  of  his  ferry- 


NAVIGATION  AND  SHIP-BUILDING. 


375 


house,  a  long  distance  inland  from  the  present 
landing-place,  all  the  land  intervening  being 
"  made  ground,"  in  the  language  of  the  com- 
mon populace.  When  he  completed  the 
erection  of  his  ferry-house,  Mr.  Browning 
moved  from  his  farm  into  it,  and  operated 
his  ferry  for  about  one  year.  Disliking  the 
business,  he  had  either  as  lessees  or  superin- 
tendents various  parties,  among  whom  were 
James  Springer,  Peter  Farrow,  Benjamin 
Springer,  Wm.  S.  Paul  and  Edward  Brown- 
ing. He  continued  to  be  the  owner  of  this 
ferry  until  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1836. 
It  then  passed  into  the  possession  of  his 
heirs,  who  conducted  it  as  their  property  until 
1849.  It  was  long  known  as  the  "  Brown- 
ing Ferry."  In  1849  a  charter  was  obtained, 
as  is  evidenced  by  the  following : 

"  Wliereas,  Abraham  Browning,  Maurice  Brown- 
ing, Charles  Browning,  Edward  Browning,  Eleanor 
Browning,  and  Catharine  Browning  now  own  the 
ferries  between  Market  Street,  in  the  city  of  Cam- 
den, and  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  with  the  real 
estate,  boats,  ships  and  appendages  belonging  there- 
to, which  property  not  being  in  its  nature  suscep- 
ble  of  division  without  great  prejudice,  and  liable 
to  embarrassment  or  inconvenience  by  death  or 
other  misfortune  while  thus  jointly  held,  the  said 
owners  desire  to  be  incorporated,  that  they  may, 
with  greater  security  to  themselves  and  advantage 
to  the  public,  improve  said  ferries." 

The  name  was  the  "West  Jersey  Ferry 
Company,  and  Abraham  Genge,  Maurice, 
Charles  and  Edward  Browning  were  made 
directors  by  the  act,  to  serve  as  such  until  Oc- 
tober following,  when  others  were  lo  be 
elected  and  the  number  of  directors  increased 
to  nine.  This  was  the  second  of  the  ferries  to 
pass  into  the  hands  of  an  incorporated  com- 
pany, the  Federal  Street  Ferry  having  passed 
into  the  hands  of  the  Camden  and  Philadel- 
phia Ferry  Company  nine  years  before  and 
the  Kaighns  Point  Ferry  to  the  South  Cam- 
den Ferry  Company  three  years  later. 

The  presidents  of  the  company  have  been 
Joseph  Porter,  William  Clark  and  James  B. 
Dayton  ;  secretaries  and  treasurers,  Edward 


Browning,  Isaac  Porter,  Amos  Rudderow. 
Benjamin  Sutton,  was  the  first  superintendent, 
taking  charge  in  1849,  followed  by  Daniel 
Bishop,  and  in  1852  by  Wm.  Morrell,  who  re- 
mained until  January,  1857,  when  John  G. 
Hutchinson,  who  had  been  master-mechanic, 
was  appointed  and  has  since  continuously 
held  the  position. 

When  James  Springer  conducted  the  Ferry, 
in  1809,  the  boats  landed  within  a  short 
distance  of  the  hotel  on  Front  Street,  but 
when  the  Browning  heirs  took  charge,  thirty 
years  later,  the  shore  was  moved  westward 
by  wharfing,  extending  the  slips  and  filling 
up  the  low  ground  until  the  site  of  the  ter- 
minus of  the  old  ferry  is  many  hundred 
feet  inland,  and  the  timbers  of  the  "  Mar- 
iner," "  William  Penn  "  and  "  Southwark  "  - 
lie  buried  under  Delaware  Street,  where  they 
were  moored  when  no  longer  serviceable. 

In  1849  the  company  built  the  West  Jer- 
sey Hotel,  a  large,  handsome  building,  of 
which  Israel  English  sometime  afterwards 
took  and  retained  charge  until  his  death. 

When  the  company  was  incorporated  there 
were  three  boats  connected  with  the  ferry, — 
"  Farmer,"  "  Southwark  "  and  "  William 
Penn."  The  first  two  were  replaced  that 
year  by  the  "  Mariner  "  and  the  "  Merchant," 
much  larger  boats.  The  "  William  Penn  " 
was  rebuilt  in  1857.  The  "Mechanic  "  was 
built  in  1856  by  John  Bender.  The  "  Amer- 
ica" was  built  in  1867.  The  next  boat  was 
the  "Columbia,"  an  iron  boat,  built  in  1877, 
with  iron  wheel-houses,  gallies,  frames  and 
engine-house,  the  first  ferry-boat  on  this  river 
so  completely  fire-proof.  The  "  Arctic,"  in 
1879,  and  "Baltic"  in  1884,  followed. 
These  are  almost  twin  boats,  with  improve- 
ments upon  the  "  Columbia  "  and  larger,  the 
dimensions  of  the  "  Baltic  "  being  :  Length 
of  keel,  one  hundred  and  forty-five  feet ;  of 
deck,  one  hundred  and  fifty-seven  feet ;  beam, 
thirty  feet ;  over  all,  fifty-four  feet ;  with  en- 
gines of  forty-inch  cylinder  and  ten  feet 
stroke.     They  are   all   powerful    boats  and 


376 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


crunch  ice  of  formidable  thickness.  There 
has  been  no  mishap  causing  loss  of  life  on 
this  ferry  since  its  establishment.  In  1883 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company  bought 
a  majority  of  the  stock  and  that  corporation 
now  controls  the  ferry.  James  B.  Dayton 
was  president  for  many  years.  The  present 
board  of  dii'cctors  is  composed  of  Edmund 
Smith,  president ;  William  J.  Sewell,  "Wilbur 
F.  Rose,  Wistar  Morris,  Maurice  Browning, 
Peter  L.  Voorhees,  John  F.  Starr,  Edward 
Roberts,  Henry  D.  Welsh.  John  F.  Joline 
is  secretary  and  treasurer,  and  John  G.  Hut- 
chinson is  superintendent. 

The  Gloucester  Ferries. — The  first 
ferry  established  at  Gloucester  Point  was 
under  a  license  granted  to  John  Reading, 
in  June,  1695.  Boats  were  to  ply  between 
Gloucester  and  "Wickaco"  (now  Swedes' 
Church),  Philadelphia.  The  ferry  was  con- 
ducted by  him  until  1707,  when  he  sold  to 
John  Spey,  who  also  kept  a  tavern.  Spey 
sold  the  ferry,  in  1722,  to  Joseph  Hugg,  who 
conducted  it  for  eight  years  and  sold  to  Rich- 
ard Weldon,  who,  in  1735,  sold  to  John  Ladd. 

The  distance  from  Gloucester  to  Philadel- 
phia was  so  great,  and  Cooper's  Ferries  so 
much  nearer,  that  the  ferries  at  Gloucester 
became,  for  a  time,  of  minor  importance. 
John  Reading  about  the  year  1693,  established 
a  ferry  over  Gloucester  River  (Timber 
Creek),  but  it  was  little  used,  and  a  bridge 
was  built  over  that  stream  at  a  later  day. 
The  first  ferry  to  Wickaco  was  continued  and 
again  came  into  the  possession  of  the  Huggs, 
who  also  conducted  the  Ferry  tavern. 

Leaving  the  intervening  events  to  obliv- 
ion, and  coming  down  to  matters  within  the 
memory  of  the  living  (seventy  years  ago), 
Robert  Wharton,  one  time  mayor  of  Phila- 
delphia, is  found  running  a  ferry  between 
the  Broad  Seal  and  Keystone  States,  the 
western  landing  being  at  Greenwich  Point  of 
to-day,  and  the  eastern  landing  at  the  "  Old 
Brick,"  the  only  hotel  then  in  Gloucester. 

The  boats  used  by  "Mayor"   Wharton,  as 


the  people  called  him,  and  by  his  son-in-law, 
Samuel  Shoemaker,  who  succeeded  him,  were 
flats,  propelled  by  horses, — in  some  cases 
walking  in  a  circle,  turning  a  windlass;  in 
others,  walking  in  a  tread-mill.  One  of  the 
latter,  arranged  for  six  horses,  was  deemed  a 
wonder  in  its  way,  but  a  "  northwester"  was 
sufficient  to  keep  it  in  the  dock  until  the 
wind  abated.  No  regular  trips  were  made. 
When  a  boat  was  landed  on  the  Pennsylvania 
shore  the  men  would  throw  themselves  on 
the  grass,  in  the  shade,  until  a  return  load 
would  come  along,  or  the  tolling  of  the  bell, 
on  the  other  side,  notified  them  of  a  fare 
waiting  to  cross. 

In  1835  Shoemaker  became  fiinancially  em- 
barrassed, and  the  ferry,  with  many  acres  of 
land — a  hundred  or  more — was  bought  by 
Robert  Wharton  Sykes,  a  Philadelphian 
lawyer,  nephew  of  Mayor  Wharton,  for  five 
thousand  dollars.  This  land,  with  its  im- 
provements, is  now  worth  a  million,  while 
the  ferry  property  alone  could  hardly  be  pur- 
chased for  one  fourth  of  that  sum. 

Sykes  was  the  first  to  use  steam  here,  but  not 
at  once.  The  following  notice,  posted  on  the 
boats  in  1837,  explains  the  character  of  the 
accommodations : 

"  NOTICE. 

"  No  smoking.  No  smoking  of  cigars  or  tobacco 
is  allowed  on  this  boat,  as,  from  the  size  and  con- 
struction of  the  boat,  it  is  impossible  to  assign  any 
distinct  part  for  smoking." 

Sykes  built  the  steamboats  "  Robert  Whar- 
ton "  and  "  New  Jersey,"  the  latter  made 
memorable  in  1856,  twenty  years  afterwards, 
when  she  was  destroyed  by  fire,  losing  sixty 
of  her  passengers,  while  making  a  trip  from 
Philadelphia  to  Camden,  the  Camden  and 
Philadelphia  Ferry  Company  having  pur- 
chased the  boat  from  Captain  Loper,  who 
found  her  too  small  for  the  Gloucester 
business. 

Until  1846  the  boats  only  ran  to  Green- 
wich Point,  excepting  on  Sundays,  when 
trips  were  made  to   Philadelphia  ;   but  about 


NAVIGATION  AND  SHIP-BUILDING. 


377 


that  time,  ov  a  little  later,  Captain  Richard 
F.  Loper,  of  propeller  fame,  obtained  con- 
trol of  the  ferry,  on  terms  requiring  boats  to 
run  to  Greenwich  Point,  which  not  being 
done  as  stipulated,  led  to  opposition  between 
the  two,  Loper's  boats  running  to  Almond 
Street,  Philadelphia.  The  number  of  passen- 
gers rapidly  increased,  requiring  larger 
boats,  and,  in  1846,  the  "Stockton"  was 
built ;  in  1847,  the  "  Fashion  ;"  in  1848,  the 
"  Peytona  "  and  the  "  Eclipse,"  named  after 
celebrated  race-horses  of  the  time,  and  re- 
sembling them  only  in  name.  Among  the 
captains  and  pilots  of  these  years  were  Peter 
Bender  and  George  Bender,  now  filling  like 
positions  on  the  Kaighns  Point  Ferry.  Alex- 
ander A.  Powell,  the  oldest  living  native  of 
Gloucester,  piloted  the  "  New  Jersey  "  at  one 
time.  Captains  Manley  Smallwood  and 
Andrew  MuUer  were  noted  men  under  Shoe- 
maker and  Sykes.  The  latter  is  still  enjoy- 
ing a  green  old  age,  near  Blackwood,  living 
on  a  well-earned  competence. 

In  1850  the  Philadelphia  Ferry  Company 
was  incorporated  to  run  a  ferry  from  Glou- 
cester Point.  William  M.  Baird  and  Benja- 
min F.  McMurtrie  were  associated  with 
Loper  as  the  company,  McMurtrie  being 
superintendent,  and  the  ferry  was  removed 
to  its  present  site.  This  company  managed 
the  ferry  for  a  time,  when  it  was  leased  to 
Charles  Stewart,  and  subsequently  the  com- 
pany was  Stewart  &  Shaler.  The  "  Curlew  " 
and  "  Eagle  "  were  added  to  the  fleet,  and 
still  their  capacity  was  unequal  to  the  crowds 
that  flocked  to  Gloucester  Point.  Loper,  to 
secure  himself  from  loss,  was  compelled  to 
resume  control,  and  in  1863  Wilmon  Whill- 
din,  the  noted  river  steamboat  man,  became 
associated  with  him.  In  1865  Loper  sold 
out  to  A.  Heckman,  who  had  been  his  right- 
hand  man  from  the  first.  Whilldin  and 
Heckman  ran  the  ferry  until  the  death  of 
the  former,  in  1869,  when  his  son-in-law, 
William  M.  Farr,  succeeded  to  his  share,  and 
since  that  time  Farr  and  Heckman  have  been 


sole  owners,  with  Captain  Heckman  as  su- 
perintendent and  Frank  B.  Heckman  assist- 
ant. 

The  travel  to  Gloucester  Point  had  largely 
increased  and  for  twenty  years  had  been  of 
enormous  proportions,  taxing  to  the  utmost 
the  carrying  capacity  of  the  boats.  A  better 
class  of  accommodations  were  provided  in 
the  way  of  commodious  sitting-rooms  at  the 
termini.  Two  large  boats — the  "  Fulton  " 
and  "  Exchange" — were  put  on,  and  two  of 
the  most  spacious  ferry-boats  on  the  river  were 
built— the  "Peerless"  in  1872  and  the 
"  Dauntless  "  in  1876.  These  boats  having 
a  capacity  for  carrying  from  fifteen  hun- 
dred to  two  thousand  persons,  are  crowded  at 
times,  but  all  are  secure  and  comfortable. 
Among  the  names  familiar  to  the  ferries  are 
Samuel  Tatem,  superintendent,  with  Sykes 
in  the  "  forties  "  and  with  Whilldin  twenty 
years  later,  and  a  member  of  Assembly  in 
1864;. Edmund  Hofl^man,  many  years  col- 
lector at  the  ferry,  three  times  president  of 
City  Council  and  a  member  of  Assembly  in 
1858 ;  John  Gourley,  a  well-known  ferry- 
man, was  a  member  of  City  Council  and  did 
much  to  promote  the  building  of  the  water- 
works by  the  city. 

In  1852  Captain  William  Albertson, 
backed  by  David  S.  Brown,  started  an  oppo- 
sition boat  to  Philadelphia,  using  the  steamer 
"  Kent "  for  the  purpose,  and  the  next  year 
the  "Sun"  was  added.  Ex-Mayor  William 
H.  Banks  was  captain  of  the  "  Kent," 
which  was  burned  and  the  opposition  ended. 

Philadelphia  and  Camden  Bridge 
Company. — A  second  effort  was  made  to 
build  a  bridge  across  the  Delaware  River  in 
1869,  and  on  the  9th  of  March  in  that  year 
an  act  was  passed  by  the  Legislature  of  New 
Jersey,  by  which  a  company  was  incorporated 
and  authorized  to  raise  stock  of  two  million 
dollars.  The  bridge  was  to  be  not  less  than 
thirty  feet  in  width.  On  the  5th  of  March, 
1872,  the  time  allowed  for  beginning  the 
bridge  was  extended  two  years  and  for  com- 


378 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


pleting.  four  years.  The  time  passed,  the 
bridge  was  not  even  begun  and  the  rights 
under  the  act  were  forfeited.  The  corporators 
named  in  the  act  were  Joseph  Pollock,  Mor- 
ton McMichael,  Thomas  Speakman,  Alexan- 
der G.  Cattell,  Presly  B.  O'Neill,  William 
Moore,  Edward  Bettle,  Henry  L.  Bonsall, 
George  S.  Woodhull,  Simon  Cameron,  P.  C 
Brinck,  James  Page,  Henry  M.  Phillips, 
John  C.  Tatum,  Hector  Orr,  Charles  Cox, 
William  A.  Newell,  Thomas  Shaw,  William 
Nicholson,  Reynell  Coates,  James  H.  Orne, 
Edwin  H.  Fitler,  W.  H.  Kern,  Nathan 
Hillis,  Robert  E.  Randall,  Marmaduke  B. 
Taylor  and  Sinnickson  Chew. 

The  Creek  FEEraEs  and  Bridges. — 
When  settlement  began  in  this  region  the 
first  road  from  the  northern  settlement  was 
the  King's  Highway,  which  crossed  Pensau- 
kin  and  Coopers  Creeks  near  their  heads, 
where  they  were  fordable,  and  the  settlements 
lower  down  were  reached  by  boats  floated 
down  the  stream  or  by  bridle  paths.  As 
travel  increased,  more  direct  routes  were  de- 
manded, aiid  on  the  1st  of  December,  1702, 
John  Champion  came  before  the  court  of 
Gloucester  County  and  asked  for  a  license  to 
establish  a  ferry  over  Coopers  Creek,  which 
was  granted.  John  Reading,  who  was  then 
clerk,  made  the  following  entry  concerning 
it :  "  John  Champion  makes  great  complaint 
of  his  great  charge  in  setting  people  over 
Coopers  Creek  at  his  house,  whereupon  ye 
Grand  Jury  propose  that  in  case  ye  said  John 
Champion  will  find  sufficient  convenience  to 
putt  people  over  at  all  seasons,  the  said 
Champion  may  take  for  ferriage  as  follows, 
viz.:  For  two  persons  together,  two  pence  per 
head ;  for  one  single  person,  three  pence  ;  and 
a  man  and  a  horse,  five  pence. 

"  To  which  ye  Bench  assents." 

It  will  be  noticed  no  provision  was  made  for 
carriages  or  wheeled  vehicles  of  any  kind, 
and  it  was  not  until  1736  that  wagons,  ox- 
carts, coaches  and  carriages  are  noticed  in  toll 
rates.     This  ferry  was  at  the  foot  of  School 


House  Lane,  and  was  probably  the  one  which 
Humphrey  Day  kept  in  1733.  The  location 
is  now  on  the  Barton  farm,  in  Delaware 
township.  Later,  as  Coopers'  Ferries  became 
more  extensively  known  as  the  great  crossing- 
place  to  Philadelphia,  travel  sought  a  still 
more  direct  route  from  Burlington,  and 
Samuel  Spicer,  who  lived  lower  down  on 
Coopers  Creek,  established  a  ferry  about 
1736,  where  the  Westfield  and  Camdeu  turn- 
pike comes  to  that  creek.  This  "  Spicer's 
Ferry"  comprised  a  flat-boat,  which  was 
draM'n  from  shore  to  shore  by  ropes,  and  was 
large  enough  to  transport  a  few  horses  or 
cattle.  It  was  continued  until  1764, 
when  a  bridge  at  the  place  was  erected  in  its 
stead. 

John  Reading,  on  June  1,  1695,  asked  for 
a  license  for  a  ferry  over  Gloucester  River ' 
(Timber  Creek),  which  was  granted.  In 
1740  he  also  asked  for  a  license  for  a  ferry 
over  Pensaukin  Creek.  It  does  not  appear 
that  either  of  these  ferries  were  established. 
Over  all  the  streams  in  Camden  County,  at 
places  where  there  was  much  travel,  roads 
were  soon  after  made  and  bridges  built. 

The  first  account  of  a  bridge  within  the 
limits  of  the  county  of  Camden  is  contained 
in  the  court  records  of  Gloucester  County, 
under  date  of  December,  1687,  at  which  time 
Francis  Collins  (who  then  lived  on  the  Kings 
Highway,  near  the  place  which  later  became 
Haddonfield)  M'as  engaged  "to  build  abridge 
over  ye  upper  branch  of  Gloucester  River  " 
(Timber  Creek),  and  at  the  same  term  "com- 
plaint was  then  made  to  the  grand  jury  "  for 
want  of  sufficient  bridges  in  several  places  on 
ye  part  of  road  leading  to  Salem."  This 
road  was  the  Kings  Highway,  and  the  five 
several  places  were  probably  at   Pensaukin, 

'  The  proprietaries  of  Gloucester,  at  a.  meeting  held 
June  12,  1687,  passed  a  resolution  of  which  Section  14 
declares  "  That  the  creek  heretofore  and  commonly 
called  by  the  name  of  Timber  Creek,  be  and  is  hereby 
nominated  and  is  henceforth  to  be  called  by  the  name 
of  Gloucester  River." 


NAVIGATION  AND  SHIP-BUILDING. 


379 


Coopers,  Newton,  Great  and  Little  Timber 
Creeks,  all  within  the  bounds  of  Gloucester 
County  at  that  time. 

In,  June,  1696,  the  grand  jury  presented 
the  necessity  of  making  bridges  on  the  road 
towards  Egg  Harbor,  and  John  Hugg,  Jr., 
Thos.  Sharp  and  Thos.  Gardiner  were  ap- 
pointed to  make  the  examination  and  build 
them.  In  September  of  the  next  year  the 
grand  jury  presented  "  ye  northerly  branch 
of  Gloucester  River,  and  ye  logge  bridge  in 
ye  fork  thereof"  for  repairs,  which  were 
ordered  made  by  the  court.  In  January, 
1715,  by  act  of  Assembly,  a  Board  of  Free- 
holders -was  established  and  the  road  and 
bridges  were  placed  under  their  care. 
On  April  5, 1815,  at  a  meeting  of  freeholders, 
Constantine  Ward  and  Wm.  Harrison  were 
chosen  managers  to  rebuild  Timber  Creek 
bridge,  and  "  to  make  it  in  breadth  from  out- 
side to  outside  eleven  feet,  the  sleepers  and 
campsills  made  of  good  white  oake  got  in  a 
proppre  seate,  and  to  jutt  over  as  is  necessary 
to  Rayse  ye  Bridge  on  of  each  Syde." 

In  January,  1716,  complaint  was  made  to 
the  Assembly  that  the  bridge  on  Salem  road 
over  Gloucester  River  was  in  bad  condition, 
that  the  expense  to  towns  was  great  and  ask- 
ing that  it  be  placed  to  the  care  and  expense 
of  the  county,  and  an  act  was  passed  at  the 
same  session  to  that  effect.  The  bridge 
mentioned  in  this  act  is  the  one  which  was 
ordered  built  by  the  freeholders  in  1715,  and 
this  act  legalized  their  action. 

In  1733  a  bridge  over  Timber  Creek  was 
repaired,  as  the  minutes  of  the  Board  of 
Freeholders  of  the  County  of  Gloucester, 
bearing  date  December  11,  1733,  contain 
the  following :  "  The  justices  and  free- 
holders have  appointed  George  Ward  and 
Constantine  Wood  to  be  managers  to  repair 
Timber  Creek  Bridge,  and  also  that  fifty 
pounds  shall  be  raised  to  defray  the  charge  of 
the  said  repair." 

On  the  15th  of  January,  1739,  the  records 
of  the  Board  of  Freeholders  contain  the  fol- 


lowing :  "  Samuel  Harrison  and  George 
Ward,  who  were  at  last  meeting  appointed 
managers  to  repair  Great  Timber  Creek 
Bridge,  on  viewing  ye  said  Bridge,  find  it  not 
to  be  in  condition  to  be  repaired,  but  that  it 
must  be  Rebuilt,  and,  therefore,  the  Board 
order  that  the  sum  of  One  hundred  and  Sixty 
Pounds  be  raised  for  ye  Building  ye  said 
Bridge  &  for  the  Countys  use,  and  that  ye 
said  sum  be  levied  as  follows,"  etc.  In  1773 
John  Hinchman,  Isaac  Mickle,  Joshua  Lord 
and  Joseph  Hugg  were  appointed  to  repair 
the  bridge  and  expended  £202  15s.  7d., 
which  was  more  than  it  cost  in  1739.  This 
bridge  was  destroyed  by  the  British  forces 
October  21,  1777,  preceding  the  battle  of 
Red  Bank ;  the  account  of  its  rebuilding  is 
not  obtained. 

On  the  27th  of  February,  1796,  an  act  of 
Assembly  was  passed  authorizing  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Deptford  and  Gloucester  to  rebuild 
and  keep  in  repair  the  upper  bridge  over 
Great  Timber  Creek,  and  to  be  under  the 
care  of  overseers  of  highways,  who  were  to 
construct  it  so  as  to  afford  passage  for  all  boats 
or  vessels  as  have  occasion  to  pass  up  the 
stream. 

A  truss  bridge  was  built  over  Great  Tim- 
ber Creek  in  1828,  and  February  28th,  in 
that  year,  an  act  was  passed  regulating  travel 
over  it. 

On  the  28th  of  June,  1766,  an  act  was 
granted  by  the  Assembly  for  building  a 
bridge  over  the  north  branch  of  Great  Tim- 
ber Creek,  at  Abraham  Roe's  Landing.  De- 
cember 6,  1769,  an  act  was  passed  to  con- 
stitute Great  Timber  Creek  a  lawful  fence, 
and  to  build  a  bridge  over  the  creek  from 
lands  of  Samuel  Clement  (deceased)  to  lands 
of  George  Marple  (deceased).  It  was  at  this 
place  the  troops  of  Count  Donop,  the  morn- 
ing of  October  22,  1777,  passed  over  on  their 
way  to  Red  Bank,  by  reason  of  the  destruc- 
tion by  the  American  troops  of  the  lower 
bridge. 

Bv  an  act  of  Assembly  December  7,  1763, 


380 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


which  provided  for  the  laying  out  of  a  road 
from  Timber  Creek  over  JSTewton  Creek,  near 
its  mouth  to  Coopei's'  Ferries,  authority 
was  granted  to  erect  a  toll  bridge  over  New- 
ton Creek.  It  was  soon  after  erected,  and 
June  24,  1767,  the  county  of  Gloucester 
conveyed  the  bridge  and  its  rights  to  William 
Garrard,  and  his  heirs  and  assigns,  with 
power  to  build  a  house  within  the  bounds  of 
the  road,  for  more  convenience  in  receiving 
toll.i 

In  1813  the  freeholders  of  the  county  were 
authorized  to  purchase  the  bridge ;  the  act 
was  amended  in  1815  and  the  bridge  soon 
after  purchased,  since  which  time  it  has  been 
free. 

The  first  bridge  over  Coopers  Creek  was 
undoubtedly  constructed  on  the  Kings  High- 
way, near  Haddonfield,  under  action  of  the 
grand  jury  on  the  complaint  made  to  them,  in 
1687,  of  lack  of  sufficient  bridges  on  that 
road.  In  1769  Jacob  Clement  was  employed 
by  the  township  of  Newton  to  repair  this 
bridge.  The  present  stone  bridge  was  erected 
in  1845. 

On  the  28th  of  November,  1760,  an  act 
of  Legislature  was  passed  authorizing  the 
laying  out  of  a  more  direct  road  to  Burling- 
ton, and  the  erection  of  a  bridge  over  Coopers 
Creek  "at  the  place  commonly  called  Spicers 
Ferry,  of  sufficient  height  above  high  water 
to  allow  such  boats  as  usually  ply  the  creek 
to  pass  under  loaded  or  unloaded  without 
their  masts."  The  act  appointed  as  commis- 
sioners to  attend  to  its  erection  A¥illiam  Fos- 
ter, Joshua  Bispham,  Esquires,  Edmund 
Hollinshead,  John  Atkinson,  John  Hoskins, 
Joseph  Morgan,  John  Lippincott,  John  Cox, 
Daniel  Cooper  and  Benjamin  Cooper,  Jr. 
The  act  also  provided   that  the    owners    of 

I  Garrard  was  keeping  a  ferry  at  some  place  'within 
the  limits  of  Gloucester  Couuty  in  1733,  as  in  that  year 
he  was  taxed  on  a  ferry  seven  fehillings.  Tatems,  Tay- 
lors and  Medcalfs  Ferries  were  also  taxed  in  that  year. 
Medciilfs  Ferry  was  at  Gloucester,  and  it  is  probable 
that  the  others  were  then  keeping  the  Cooper  Ferries,  as 
the  names  of  the  Coopers  do  not  appear  ia  the  list. 


the  ferries  should  pay  twenty  per  cent,  of  the 
amount  needed,  that  voluntary  subscription 
should  be  received  for  six  months.  The 
people  residing  between  the  Salem  road  and 
the  Delaware  River,  in  Waterford  township, 
and  upon  Coopers  Ferries  should  pay  by  tax 
sixteen  per  cent,  of  the  amount  required, 
after  which  the  balance  of  the  amount  was 
to  be  assessed  upon  Burlington  County,  ex- 
cept the  townships  of  Egg  Harbor  and  Not- 
tingham. The  road  was  straightened,  and 
in  1762  the  bridge  was  completed.  It  was 
kept  in  repair,  and  in  1833  was  rebuilt  as  a 
truss  bridge. 

On  January  19,  1748,  an  act  was  passed 
allowing  the  inhabitants  to  build  a  bridge 
over  Pensaukin  Creek,  probably  on  what  is 
now  the  Westfield  and  Camden  turnpike, 
but  it  was  not  then  built.  A  bridge  was 
probably  erected  there,  not  far  from  1764, 
when  the  Spicer  Bridge  was  erected,  but  no 
account  of  it  has  been  obtained.  The  bridge 
over  the  Pensaukin  on  the  river  road  was 
erected  in  1883. 

On  the  7th  of  March,  1850,  the  Board  of 
Freeholders  of  Camden  County  were  author- 
ized .  to  erect  the  bridge  known  as  the 
Browning  Bridge.  It  seems  not  to  have 
been  built  at  the  time,  as  an  act  passed  the 
Legislature,  January  25,  1855,  authorizing 
the  erection  of  a  bridge  at  the  same  place, 
where  was  "  a  new  road  recently  laid  out," 
to  connect  the  Moorestown  and  the  Haddon- 
field and  Camden  turnpikes.  The  bridge 
was  built  soon  after. 

The  State  Street  Bridge,  in  Camden,  was 
built  in  1856,  under  an  act  passed  March  6th 
in  that  year,  which  required  that  the  bridge 
should  be  provided  with  a  draw  forty  feet 
long. 

Navigation  of  Coopkrs  Creek. — This 
creek,  like  other  streams,  was  used  as  a  high- 
way in  the  early  settlement,  and  as  early  as  1 749 
boats  and  flats  were  deemed  of  sufficient  im- 
portance to  render  them  liable  for  taxation, 
and  from  that  year  they  were  taxed.     Boats 


NAVIGATION  AND  SHIP-BUILDING. 


381 


loaded  with  produce  from  the  various  landings 
along  the  stream  were  floated  down  to  the 
town  of  Philadelphia  and  loaded  with 
merchandise  for  return  trip.  That  vessels  of 
considerable  size  were  in  use  with  masts 
before  1751  is  evident,  as  the  act  of  Legis- 
lature passed  October  23d  in  that  year  pro- 
vided for  a  draw  or  swinging  bridge.  It 
was  not  built  at  the  time,  and  an  act  having 
the  same  purpose,  passed  November  28, 1760, 
provided  that  a  bridge  at  Spicers  Ferry  be 
built  high  enough  to  allow  all  boats  that 
usually  ply  the  stream  to  pass  under.  Boats 
were  built  at  all  landings  up  the  stream  as 
high  as  Oxfords  Landing,  having  capacity  of 
forty-five  tons  and  less.  In  later  years  the 
landings  along  the  creek,  from  Jonathan 
Atmores  Landing,  which  was  the  head  of  nav- 
igation, were  those  of  Benjamin  B.  Cooper, 
Philip  Stoy,  Josiah  E.  Cole,  Jacob  Troth,  John 
Tanzey  and  Champions  to  Spicers  Bridge. 
About  1837  Josiah  Cole  built  at  Coles  Land- 
ing the  "  Caroline,"  a  vessel  of  forty-five 
tons  burden,  which  in  1839  was  sent  by  him, 
in  charge  of  his  son,  Jacob  Stokes  Cole,  to 
Port  Clinton,  on  the  Schuylkill,  for  a  load 
of  coal ;  forty  tons  were  purchased  and 
brought  to  the  landing.  It  was  the  first 
coal  brought  to  the  place  in  quantity  and 
retailed  at  seven  dollars  per  ton. 

Many  of  the  vessels  built  on  the  stream 
were  later,  when  rendered  useless,  sunk  at  or 
near  the  landings,  and  used  to  extend  the 
wharves,  and  their  hulks  are  still  to  be  seen  at 
the  old  landings  along  the  stream.  Coopers 
Creek  at  present  is  navigable  only  for  flat- 
boats  and  vessels  of  light  draft. 

Ship-Building. — Gabriel  Thomas,  in  his 
"  History  of  West  Jersey,"  speaks  of  a.  ship 
having  been  built  upon  Gloucester  Eiver 
(Timber  Creek)  for  Governor  Cox,  and  his 
language  is  such  as  to  indicate  that  this  was 
a  sea-going  vessel  of  a  size  that  must  have 
been  turned  out  from  a  principal  yard  of  the 
old  country.  It  is  a  natural  supposition, 
therefore,  that  the  first  English  settlers,  who 
45 


numbered  several  shipwrights,  built  other 
large  craft,  for  they  would  not  have  gone  to 
the  expense  of  providing  the  costly  appur- 
tenances of  ship-buiJding  merely  to  send  out 
one  vessel ;  but  to  Thomas  alone  can  we  turn 
for  any  record  of  their  work,  and  he  took 
note  of  'nothing  but  the  craft  constructed  for 
the  Governor.  After  the  founding  of  Phila- 
delphia, with  its  superior  advantages  of  popu- 
lation, skilled  industry  and. capital,  the  busi- 
ness inevitably  passed  over  to  that  side  of 
the  river,  where  Jersey  artisans,  in  this 
special  line,  went  to  find  employment.  It  is 
within  the  past  quarter  of  a  century  that 
ship-building  has  originated  in  Camden,  but 
it  now  contains  yards  that  are  putting  afloat 
vessels  which  are  a  credit  to  their  designers 
and  builders. 

Sloops  and  vessels  of  from  twenty  to  forty- 
five  tons  burden  were  in  use  on  Coopers  Creek 
long  before  1800,  but  they  were  probably 
built  in  Philadelphia,  and  in  later  years, 
from  1800  to  1840,  were  built  at  the  mouth 
of  the  creek  and  on  the  creek  as  far  up  as 
Coles  Landing.  The  "  Lady  Adams,"  a  sloop 
owned  by  Captain  J.  H.  Dougherty,  was  re- 
ported in  the  American  Record  for  1882  as 
built  at  Coopers  Point  in  1828,  by  whom  is 
not  known. 

Burton  &  Davis  were  the  earliest  ship- 
builders at  Coopers  Point  of  whom  any- 
thing definite  is  now  known.  They  also  had  a 
marine  railway.  Their  yard  was  near  the 
Vine  Street  Ferry.  Macy  Mathis  also  had 
a  ship-yard  at  the  foot  of  York  Street  in  1852. 
In  that  year  David  Corson,  with  his  brothers, 
Andrew  and  George,  ship-builders  at  Mill- 
ville,  came  to  Camden  and  opened  a  yard 
that  then  extended  nearly  from  Shackamaxon 
Ferry  to  the  rolling-mill.  He  remained 
in  the  business  until  1868,  when  he  sold 
to  Bartlett  &  Tilton.  It  later  became  D. 
S.  Risley  &  Co.,  and  is  now  carried  on  by 
S.  W.  Tilton.  Joseph  Taylor  and  his  son 
David  early  began  a  ship-yard  below  the  old 
McKeen  mill,  near  the  foot  of  Penn  Street, 


382 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JBESEY. 


where  they  also  had  a  railway.  Later,  David 
Taylor  and  a  gentleman  by  the  name  of  Brown 
started  a  ship-yard  on  the  site  of  Morris  & 
Mathis'  present  yard.  About  1855  Chalkley 
Mathis  became  interested  with  David  Taylor 
and  they  continued  until  1877,  when  they 
were  succeeded  by  Morris  &  Mathis.  Joseph 
Day  and  his  son  Benjamin  also  opened  a  yard 
for  building  and  repairing  vessels  on  the  east 
end  of  Tilton's  present  yard.  The  business 
passed  through  the  following  changes :  Tice 
&  Carter,  Day,  Carter  &  Day,  Day  &  Carter, 
Carter  &  Peale,  Shoe,  Chard  &  Chard.  The 
latter,  in  1855,  sold  to  S.  W.  Tilton,  who 
embraced  it  in  his  old  yard. 

In  1853  John  Mattox  began  building 
vessels,  and  in  time  was  a  partner  of  D.  S. 
Risley  &  Co.  At  Kaighns  Point  John  Kaighn 
built  small  vessels. 

In  1845  John  E,.  Thompson  established  a 
ship-yard  on  the  river-front  above  Kaighns 
Point,  and  for  a  time  did  an  extensive  busi- 
ness in  the  construction  of  wooden  vessels, 
launching  as  many  as  seven  in  a  season, 
ranging  in  size  from  sixty  to  three  hundred 
tons ;  and  during  the  ten  years  of  its  exist- 
ence over  foi'ty  vessels  were  built  in  the 
yard;  sloops,  schooners,  barques  and  tarns. 
The  proprietor  was  an  enterprising  man  and 
active  in  the  municipal  affairs  of  Camden. 
He  was  chosen  president  of  the  City  Council 
in  1863,  which  honor  was  repeated  in  1864  by 
a  unanimous  vote.  He  was  born  near  Stoys 
Landing,  on  Coopers  Creek,  in  Water  ford 
(now  Delaware)  township,  in  1816,  and  came 
to  Camden  in  1836. 

Tilton's  ship-yard  comprises  four  acres  of 
ground,  bounded  by  Front,  Point  and  Erie 
Streets,  Coopers  Point,  and  is  the  senior  es- 
tablishment of  the  kind  in  continuous  exist- 
ence in  the  city.  It  was  begun  by  Corson  & 
Co.,  from  whom  it  was  purchased,  in  1860,  by 
Samuel  W.  Tilton,  who  much  enlarged  it, 
adding  two  marine  railways  to  the  single  one 
with  which  it  was  furnished  when  he  took 
possession,  A  vessel  of  thirteen  hundred  tons 


burden  can  be  constructed  in  these  yards, 
and  several  of  that  size  have  been  sent  out 
from  them.  Mr.  Tilton  builds  mainly  for 
the  coasting  trade,  with  which  he  has  exten- 
sive connections  along  the  Atlantic  seaboard. 
The  usual  force  of  employees  is  about  one 
hundred. 

One  of  the  principal  ship-building  firms 
in  Camden  is  that  of  Morris  &  Mathis,  whose 
yards  are  at  the  corner  of  Point  and  Erie 
Streets,  Coopers  Point.  The  business  was 
begun  in  1855  by  Taylor  &  Mathis,  who 
sold  out  in  1877  to  Joseph  J.  Morris  and  J. 
S.  Mathis.  The  yards  and  houses  cover  three 
acres  of  ground,  and  are  fully  equipped  for 
the  construction  of  sailing  vessels  of  any  size 
from  a  slooj)  up  to  a  ship  of  one  thousand 
tons.  Most  of  the  work  of  the  firm  has  been 
done  in  coasters,  and  they  have  quite  recently 
built  a  three-masted  schooner  of  seven  hun- 
dred and  fifty  tons,  a  type  of  craft  in  the  con- 
struction of  which  they  have  been  very  suc- 
cessful, and  have  also  repaired  the  ferry-boat 
"  Shackamaxon  "  for  the  Vine  Street  Ferry. 
They  employ  from  seventy-five  to  one  hun- 
dred workmen,  and  the  pay-roll  averages  fif- 
teen hundred  dollars  weekly. 

B.  G.  Hillman  &  Co.  established  a  ship- 
yard in  1880  at  Coopers  Point,  between 
Front  and  Second  Street.  They  build  tugs, 
as  well  as  wooden  vessels,  for  the  river  and 
coastwise  trade,  and  employ  a  numerous  force 
of  workmen.  They  constructed  for  Warner 
&  Merritt,  to  be  used  in  the  fruit  trade,  the 
steamer  "  Ethel,"  which  the  Haytien  gov- 
ernment bought  and  turned  into  a  gunboat, 
and  which  has  since  figured  conspicuously  iu 
the  almost  unceasing  revolutions  and  civil 
wars  of  the  Black  Republic. 

J,  Vanaman  &  Brother  have  their  ship- 
yard on  Delaware  Avenue  above  Arch  Street. 
The  business  was  established  in  1880  by  John 
L.  Yanaman,  his  brother  Joseph  H.  Vana- 
man, and  Mr.  Burton,  as  the  firm  of  Vana- 
man &  Burton. 

In  1882  Mr.  Burton   withdrew  from  the 


NAVIGATION  AND  SHIP-BUILDING. 


383 


firm  and  David  Vanaman,  the  father  of  the 
Vanaman  brothers,  became  associated  with 
them  under  the  name  of  D.  Vanaman  & 
Sons.  In  March,  1884,  the  business  came 
into  the  hands  of  the  brothers  by  the  with- 
drawal of  the  father,  since  which  time  the 
business  has  been  conducted  undor  the  pre- 
sent name,  Vanaman  &  Brother.  The  yard 
has  one  hundred  feet  front  by  six  hundred 
feet  deep  to  the  riparian  line.  The  dry  dock 
is  one  hundred  and  fifteen  feet  long  by  thirty 
feet  wide.  With  ample  appliances,  the  yard 
is  fitted  for  the  construction  and  repair  of  the 
various  kind  of  vessels  for  river  and  coast 
trade.     Thirty  workmen  are  employed. 

Joseph  Burk's  ship-yard  is  at  the  foot  of 
Cooper  Street  and  it  has  been  in  operation 
since  1880,  when  it  was  started  by  the  pre- 
sent proprietor.  The  yard  occupies  an 
area  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  by  five  hun- 
dred feet,  and  extends  to  low  water  mark. 
The  docks  are  convenient,  and  the  yard  is 
equipped  with  the  necessary  appliances  for 
building  and  repairing  vessels  engaged  in  the 
river  and  coasting  trade.  Forty  workmen 
are  employed. 

Dialogue's  Ship- Yards. — John  H.  Dia- 
logue, the  proprietor  of  the  extensive  ship- 
yards in  South  Camden,  began  business  in  the 
city  of  Camden  in  1850,  at  Second  Street 
and  Bridge  Avenue,  on  the  premises  pre- 
viously occupied  by  J.  W.  &  John  F.  Starr. 
He  was  first  engaged  in  doing  general  repair 
work  of  locomotives  for  the  Camden  and  Am- 
boy  Railroad  Company,  also  the  steamers  of 
the  Camden  and  Philadelphia  and  West  Jer- 
sey Ferry  Companies.  At  that  time  the 
railroad  company  had  their  shops  at  Borden- 
town,  and  Mr.  Dialogue  did  the  work  at  this 
end  of  the  line,  thus  giving  employment  to 
about  one  hundred  men.  In  1854  he  moved 
to  the  southwest  corner  of  Second  and  Stevens 
Streets,  having  purchased  the  foundry  then 
owned  by  Elias  Kaighn  at  that  point,  to 
which  he  made  large  additions,  and  there 
continued  to  do  general  machine-work  and 


the  repairing  of  river  steamers.  Additions 
were  made  to  the  works,  a  large  supply  of 
new  machinery  was  obtained,  and  in  1856 
the  construction  of  the  celebrated  Corliss 
stationary  engines  was  begun  by  Mr.  Dia- 
logue under  a  license  from  the  inventor, 
George  H.  Corliss,  of  Providence,  Rhode 
Island.  In  1858  he  began  the  erection  of 
the  present  large  works  at  Kaighns  Point, 
and  after  their  completion,  in  1859,  removed 
to  them,  and;  with  enlarged  facilities,  con- 
tinued the  manufacture  of  Corliss  engines 
and  did  some  marine  work.  In  1870  the 
name  of  the  establishment  was  changed  to 
the  River  Iron  Works,  with  Dialogue  & 
Wood  as  proprietors,  who  then  engaged  in 
the  iron  ship-building  business.  In  1871 
the  United  States  steamship  "Colfax"  was 
built  at  these  works.  This  was  one  of  the 
first  iron  vessels  which  the  Revenue  Marine 
Department  of  the  government  had  ordered. 
The  same  year  Mr.  Dialogue  constructed  for 
the  United  States  Coast  Survey  the  iron 
steamer  "  ITassler,"  with  a  compound  surface 
condensing  engine,  which  was  used  for  the 
purpose  of  taking  Professor  Louis  Agassiz, 
the  great  American  naturalist,  on  his  South 
American  Scientific  Expedition,  and  from 
thence  to  San  Francisco,  where  the  vessel  is 
now  in  service.  In  1873  he  built  the  large 
iron  double-engine  steamer  for  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  styled  "  No.  3,"  used  for  break- 
ing the  ice  on  the  Delaware.  It  was  then 
the  most  powerful  steamboat  that  had  been 
built  on  the  Delaware  River.  Continuing  the 
construction  of  large  and  small  river  craft, 
both  of  wood  and  iron,  in  1874  he  built  the 
first  compound-engine  tug-boat,  named  the 
"  George  W.  Childs,"  that  ever  was  success- 
fully used  on  the  Delaware,  and  then  added 
the  building  of  compound  engines  at  his 
works  as  a  leading  branch  of  his  business. 
In  1876  Mr.  Dialogue  received  the  contract 
from  the  government  to  reconstruct  the 
United  States  frigate  "  Constitution,"  familiar 
to  the  annals  of  American  history,  and  in 


384 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


1884  built  the  United  States  steamer  "Mad- 
rono "  for  the  Light-House  Board,  for  ser- 
vice at  San  Francisco.  In  the  mean  time  he 
built  a  number  of  smaller  vessels,  mostly  of 
iron,  for  Mexico,  South  America  and  various 
cities  of  the  Union.  His  build  of  vessels  may 
be  seen  in  the  harbors  of  Galveston,  ISTew 
Orleans,  Mobile,  Pensacola,  Charleston,  Bal- 
timore, Philadelphia,  New  York,  Boston  and 
Portland. 

The  number  of  men  employed  at  these 
works  varies  from  two  hundred  to  eight 
hundred.  The  entire  area  of  the  ship-yards 
is  thirty-four  acres,  with  two  thousand  feet 
of  river-front  and  twenty-eight  feet  depth  of 
water  at  the  wharf.  The  large  business  here 
done  required  the  erection  of  costly  buildings, 
wharfing  and  filling  in  of  the  river-front, 
together  with  the  outlay  of  many  thousands 
of  dollars  in  the  purchase  of  machinery. 
The  various  departments  are  the  main  build- 
ing, used  as  the  engine  machine  shop  and 
boiler  works,  four  hundred  and  fifty  feet  in 
length ;  the  foundry,  eighty-four  by  one 
hundred  feet ;  the  steam  forge,  one  hundred 
by  sixty  feet ;  the  iron  ship  yard  shop,  two 
hundred  and  sixty  by  fifty  feet  (destroyed  by 
the  cyclone  in  1885  and  the  same  year  re- 
built) ;  the  joiner  shop,  sixty  by  forty-five 
feet,  and  two  stories  high  ;  pattern  shop,  sixty 
by  thirty-five  feet,  and  two  stories  high  ;  the 
mould  loft  building,  one  hundred  and  sixty 
by  forty  feet,  and  two  stories  high  ;  and  the 
office,  forty  feet  square. 

John  H.  Dialogue,  the  originator  and  pro- 
prietor of  so  valuable  an  industry  to  the  city 
of  Camden,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May 
13,  1828,  and  is  of  French-German  ances- 
try. His  father,  Adam  Dialogue,  was  the 
inventor  and  first  manufacturer  of  the  leath- 
er-riveted hose  used  for  extinguishing  fires. 
He  had  his  factory  in  North  Street,  between 
Fifth  and  Sixth,  Philadelphia,  and  there  did 
a  flourishing  business  until  his  death,  in 
1840,  when  it  was  continued  by  a  brother. 
The  son,  John  H.  Dialogue,   who  lost  his 


mother  when  he  was  eight  years  old  and  his 
father  when  but  twelve,  lived  afterward  with 
his  uncle.     He  attended   the  Central   High 
School  of  Philadelphia,  then  held  in  a  build- 
ing on  the  site  of  John  Wanamaker's  large 
store  on  Market  Street,  under  the  principal- 
ship  of  the  learned  educator,  Alexander  Dal- 
las Bache,  and  was  graduated  in  1846,  after 
pursuing  a  four  years'  course.     Having  then 
obtained   a  good   education,  he  learned  the 
trade  of  a  machinist  with  his  uncle.    During 
the  spare  hours  of  the  evening  he   educated 
himself  as  a  draughtsman,  and  in  1850,  when 
but  twenty-two  years  old,  moved  to  Camden 
and  then  began  his   prosperous  business  ca- 
reer.    Mr.  Dialogue  is  a  gentleman  of  plain 
and  unassuming  manners,  and  social  in  his 
relations  with  his  fellow-men,  and  careful  and 
thorough  in  his  business  relation.      He  won 
his  success  by  his  own  inherent  energy,  close 
application  and  undaunted  perseverance.  Be- 
ing a  ship-builder  and  the  proprietor  of  one 
of  the  four  largest  ship-building  establish- 
ments in  America  engaged  in  the  construc- 
tion of  iron  ships,  and  the  only  one  in  the 
State  of  New  Jersey,  he  has  made  the  subject 
of  American  commerce  and  our  ship-building 
interests  a  careful  study.     He  has  broad  and 
liberal  views  on  national  questions,  is  opposed 
to  free  ships  and  free  trade,  but  persistent  in 
advocating  the  American  policy  of  protection, 
and  at  this  time,  when  foreign  powers  are 
largely  in  possession  of  the  carrying  trade,  is 
firm  in  the  opposition  to  the  free  ship  policy 
of  some  of  our  American  statesmen. 

During  his  long  residence  in  Camden,  Mr. 
Dialogue  has  always  manifested  a  great  inter- 
est in  the  growth  and  development  of  the 
city  and  has  frequently  been  elected  to  offi- 
cial positions.  In  1875  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Education  from  the 
Sixth  Ward  of  Camden,  and  was  twice  re- 
elected, serving  three  consecutive  terms  of 
two  years  each.  While  a  member  of  that 
body  he  showed  great  practical  forethought 
by    advocating   the    erection    of    two-story 


^/^,^^^^^^L^A?^^^ 


AGRICULTURE. 


385 


buildings  for  school  purposes  instead  of  high- 
er ones,  and  was  chairman  of  a  committee 
while  superintending  the  erection  of  three 
such  buildings.  In  1878,  while  yet  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Education,  he  was  elect- 
ed to  the  City  Council,  was  re-elected  in 
1881  aud  1884,  and,  during  the  year  1883, 
was  president  of  that  body.  In  every  posi- 
tion he  thus  filled  he  has  been  an  energetic  ad- 
vocate of  all  laudable  and  economical  meas- 
ures. 

In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  in  1880 
was  chosen  by  the  Democratic  party  one  of 
the  electors-at-large  on  the  Hancock  and 
English  Presidential  ticket,  and  at  the  meet- 
ing in  Trenton  he  was  chosen  president  of 
the  Electoral  College.  In  1881  he  was  nomi- 
nated as  the  Democratic  candidate  for  State 
Senator  for  the  Camden  County  District, 
which,  though  largely  Republican,  gave  him 
an  encouraging  vote.  Mr.  Dialogue  was 
married,  in  the  year  1850,  to  Mary  Easby,  of 
Philadelphia,  who  died  in  1882.  He  has 
one  son — John  H. — engaged  with  his  father 
in  business,  and  three  daughters — Adelaide, 
Stella  and  Lillie. 

Poet  of  Camden. — The  Port  of  Camden 
was  established  in  1834  and  was  attached 
to  the  Bridgeton  Collection  District,  witli  a 
surveyor  residing  at  Camden.  Morris  Crox- 
all,  the  lawyer,  and  afterwards  prosecutor  of 
the  pleas,  was  the  first  surveyor,  and  had 
his  office  on  Arch  Street,  above  Second.  He 
held  the  position  but  a  year,  when  he  was 
succeeded  by  Isaac  Bullock,  the  noted  school- 
teacher, who  filled  a  term  of  four  years, 
when  Morris  Croxall  was  again  appointed 
and  acted  for  two  years.  Philip  J.  Grey,  the 
journalist,  was  made  surveyor  under  Presi- 
dent Harrison,  attending  to  the  duties  in  the 
office  of  his  paper,  the  West  Jerseyman,  but 
only  for  two  years,  when  he  was  succeeded  by 
Charles  S.  Garrett,  afterwards  sheriff.  He 
was  a  harness-raaker  and  the  surveyor's  of- 
fice was  at  his  store,  on  Federal  Street,  be- 
low Second. 


Philip  J.  Grey  was  again  made  surveyor 
of  the  port,  under  President  Taylor,  for  four 
years,  Isaac  W.  Mickle,  the  Mexican  War 
veteran,  being  his  successor,  and  the  office, 
for  a  portion  of  his  five  years'  service,  was 
in  the  Camden  Democrat  office.  Thomas 
B.  Atkinson,  the  builder,  who  was  after- 
wards mayor,  was  appointed  in  1858,  and 
held  the  office  until  Sylvester  Birdsell  was 
appointed,  in  1861,  by  President  Lincoln, 
aud  located  the  office  at  Fourth  and  Walnut 
Streets. 

In  1867  Camden  was  taken  from  the 
Bridgeton  District  and  attached  to  the  Phila- 
delphia District,  with  Philip  J.  Grey  as  as- 
sistant collector.  He  held  the  position  until 
his  death,  in  1875,  when  William  P.  Robe- 
son, brother  of  Hon.  George  M.  Robeson, 
then  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  was  appointed, 
and,  upon  his  death,  in  1881,  David  S. 
Heyl  succeeded.  Hon.  George  D.  Borton, 
the  present  incumbent,  received  his  commis- 
sion in  1886.  The  office,  for  many  years, 
has  been  at  211 J  Market  Street. 

These  have  been  surveyors  of  the  port, — 


1834.  Morris  Croxall. 

1835.  Isaac  Bullock. 
1839.  Morris  Croxall. 
1841.  Philip  J.  Grey. 
1843.  Chaa.  S.  Garrett. 


1849.  Philip  J.  Grey. 
1853.  Isaac  W.  Mickle. 
1858.  T.  B.  Atkinson. 
1861.  Sylv.  Birdsell. 


ASSISTANT  COLLECTORS. 

1867.  Philip  J.  Grey.  1881.  David  S.  Heyl. 

1875.  W.  B.  Eobeson.  1886.  Geo.  B.  Borton. 

The  last  two  incumbents  are  the  only  sur- 
vivors. 


CHAPTER    XX. 

AGRICULTURE. 

Agriculture,  as  understood  and  practiced 
by  the  old  folks  hereabouts,  would,  in  the 
present  time  of  progress  and  improvement, 
be  looked  upon  as  one  of  the  lost  arts.  Ro- 
tation in  crops  was  the  rule,  that  being  rye 
and   corn   and    corn  and   rye.      When   the 


386 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


strength  of  the  soil  was  nearly  exhausted  by 
many  crops,  another  field  'would  be  cleared  of 
the  timber  and  on  it  the  same  rotation  re- 
peated. The  farmer  who  planted  more  than 
half  an  acre  of  potatoes  or  raised  more  than 
a  small  patch  of  cabbage  was  sure  one-half 
his  crop  would  go  to  waste.  Meadow  land 
was  depended  on  for  hay  and  the  swamps 
looked  to  for  pasture.  Shelter  and  warmth 
were  not  thought  of  for  stock  and  the  cattle 
were  dwarfed,  poor  and  breachy.  In  "  good 
old  times  "  farmers  had  much  leisure  and  the 
winters  were  spent  in  fox-hunting,  sleigh- 
riding  and  visiting  friends.  The  spring 
crops  did  not  hurry  them  and  for  the  autumn 
work  they  made  no  haste.  The  forest  and 
streams  furnished  much  of  the  food,  the  tim- 
ber the  home  supplies,  and  what  care  had 
they  for  the  future.  The  use  of  fertilizers 
was  not  thought  of,  book  farming  was  a  re- 
proach and  the  use  of  machinery  laughed  at. 

As  time  progressed,  Philadelphia  began  to 
assume  the  proportions  of  a  city  and  required 
increased  supplies  to  feed  its  inhabitants  ; 
farmers  then  obtained  some  profits  coming 
out  of  the  soil.  Although  the  number  of 
acres  of  tillable  land  was  not  materially  in- 
creased, yet  crops  were  made  more  productive 
by  more  care  in  farming  and  the  application 
of  manures  .to  the  land.  The  progress  was 
slow  and  it  was  necessity  or  accident  that  in- 
duced advancement  in  modes  of  agriculture. 

The  following  story  will  illustrate  this 
statement  :  Anthony  Warrich,  a  farmer  near 
Chews  Landing,  owned  large  tracts  of  timber 
land  and  sent  cord-wood  and  lumber  to  the 
Philadelphia  market  from  his  landing  at  the 
head  of  navigation  on  the  north  branch  of 
Timber  Creek.  A  brickmaker  of  the  city, 
with  whom  he  dealt,  offered  to  load,  free  of 
cost,  one  of  his  vessels  with  wood  ashes  if  the 
farmer  would  take  them  away  from  incum- 
brancing his  brick  yard.  The  farmer  finally 
consented  and  the  ashes  were  landed  on  his 
wharf,  and  his  sons  hauled  this  valuable 
fertilizer  to  a  field   where  it  was  spread  on 


laud  on  which  corn  was  to  be  planted.  The 
effect  it  produced  on  the  crop  was  magical 
and  people  came  from  far  and  near  to  see  the 
result;  for  as  much  corn  was  raised  by  that 
process  on  five  acres  thus  fertilized  as  prev- 
iously had  grown  on  twenty  acres  of  the 
same  kind  of  land.  The  brick-makers, 
brewei-s  and  foundry  men  had  no  trouble 
thereafter  in  disposing  of  this  heretofore 
troublesome  commodity,  and,  in  fact,  soon  be- 
gan to  reap  a  revenue  from  it. 

This  is  but  one  of  the  many  traditions 
hanging  about  this  important  industry  of 
early  days,  and  fairly  illustrates  the  hesitancy 
with  which  this  class  of  men  moved.  Wood- 
en plows  and  brush  harrows,  with  clumsy 
and  ill-contrived  tools,  were  put  in  the  hands 
of  laborers.  But  little  care  was  taken  in  re- 
lation to  seeds,  and  choice  fruits  or  vegetables 
were  seldom  to  be  seen. 

The  discovery  and  use  of  marl  as  a  fertil- 
izer certainly  advanced  husbandry  in  New 
Jersey  more  than  any  other  means  of  im- 
proving the  soil.  Inexpensive  and  simple  in 
its  use,  it  came  within  the  reach  of  all.  If 
spread  upon  the  most  impoverished  land, 
white  clover  will  follow  Indian  grass  and  the 
product  of  an  ordinary  pasture  will  be  large- 
ly increased  where  it  is  used.  It  is  suitable 
to  almost  any  crop  and  adapted  to  almost 
every  kind  of  land.  It  needs  no  preparaiion, 
but  can  be  taken  from  the  pit  and  applied  at 
once,  and  when  these  advantages  appeared, 
farmers  found  winter  work  for  their  men  and 
teams.  The  immediate  outlay  of  money  is 
so  small  and  the  return  so  quick  that  the 
land  within  and  near  the  marl  belt  of  New 
Jersey  soon  increased  in  value  and  product- 
iveness. 

Of  later  years  farmers  are  of  opinion  that 
its  good  effect  is  partially  lost  by  continued 
use  and  in  some  sections  much  less  is  applied 
than  formerly.  The  use  of  stone,  oyster- 
shell  and  gas  lime  has  been  of  great  advant- 
age and  are  extensively  used  as  fertilizers. 
The  opportunities  for  obtaining  these  have  so 


AGRICULTURE. 


387 


much  improved  of  late  years  that  much  greater 
quantities  are  used  than  formerly.  Patent 
fertilizers,  like  patent  medicines,  have  found 
purchasers  in  all  section  of  the  country  and 
many  people  have  been  defrauded  thereby. 
Some  are  of  much  value,  but  the  State  Experi- 
mental Commission,  which  now  makes  a 
thorough  analysis  of  such  articles  upon  the 
market,  publishes  quarterly  reports  of  the 
same.  Credulous  persons  will,  however,  be 
found  in  every  community  and  generally  fall 
victims  to  such  frauds,  however  much  they 
may  be  cautioned  against  them. 

The  necessity  for  using  meadow  or  tide 
marsh  land  to  procure  hay  is  shown  in  the 
location  of  one  hundred  acres  at  the  mouth 
of  Little  Newton  Creek  (Kaighn'  Run)  by 
the  settlers  at  Newton,  immediately  upon 
their  arrival.  This  was  divided  among  them, 
and  March  11,  1714,  the  Legislature  passed 
an  act  to  "  enable  the  owners  of  the  meadow 
adjoining  to  the  lands  of  Sarah  Mickle,  John 
Dale,  John  Kaighn  and  Tobias  Griscom,  ad- 
jacent to  the  Delaware  River  in  the  township 
of  Newton,  to  stop  the  tide  from  overflowing." 
This  act  was  to  allow  a  dam,  with  tide  sluices 
and  gates,  to  be  built  at  the  mouth  of  Kaighn' 
Run,  the  better  to  protect  the  meadow  and 
grass  crop  from  the  tide,  and  was  the  first  law 
made  to  that  end  in  this  part  of  New  Jersey. 
The  navigable  streams  were  banked  along 
the  sides  with  tide  sluices  and  gates  at  proper 
intervals,  with  large  open  ditches  leading  to 
them. 

December  5,  1760,  an  act  was  passed  to 
"enable  the  owners  of  meadow  on  Little 
Timber  Creek  to  support  a  bank  or  dam, 
lately  erected  across  the  creek  in  order  to 
prevent  the  tide  from  overflowing,"  etc. 
March  10,  1762,  an  act  was  passed  for  the 
relief  of  meadow  owners  on  a  branch  of 
Newton  Creek,  called  Back  Creek  (in  New- 
ton township),  and  June  20,  1765,  an  act  was 
passed  to  allow  the  owners  of  meadows  at  the 
head  of  Newton  Creek  to  maintain  a  bank 
and  other  water-works  heretofore  erected  and 


made  across  the  creek  (Atmore's  Dam),  each 
of  which  laws  were  to  protect  the  owners  of 
meadow  or  grass  lands. 

December  21,  1771,  an  act  was  passed  to 
raise  and  keep  the  road  across  Newton  Creek 
meadows  from  William  Garrard's  toll-house 
to  Keziah  Tomkins'  fast  lands.  This  was 
done  on  petition  of  Thomas  Atmore,  Isaac 
Burroughs,  Benjamin  Thackara,  Jacob  Stokes, 
Hannah  Cooper,  Keziah  Tomkins,  Elizabeth 
Thackara  and  Job  Haines,  who  were  the 
owners  of  meadow  on  the  easterly  side  of  the 
creek. 

After  some  effort  an  act  was  passed,  No- 
vember 20,  1786,  allowing  the  owners  of 
meadow  on  Newton  Creek  and  its  several 
branches  to  erect  and  maintain  a  dam  and 
water-works  across  the  mouth  of  the  same  at 
the  river.  This  avoided  the  expense  attendant 
on  keeping  up  the  several  dams  before  named, 
and  secured  all  the  marsh  land  on  the  creek 
from  the  overflow  of  the  tide.  April  6, 1867, 
a  supplement  was  passed  to  enable  owners  of 
meadow  on  that  stream  to  improve  the  same. 
This  did  not  accomplish  the  purposes  intended, 
and  March  27, 1872,  another  amendment  was 
passed  allowing  the  dam  to  be  cut  and  the 
tides  to  ebb  and  flow.  Some  defect  in  the 
position  of  the  sluices  and  gates  prevented 
the  outflow  of  the  water  from  the  inside,  which 
accumulated  from  the  springs  and  rains,  and 
which  made  the  neighborhood  unhealthy  and 
affected  the  value  of  real  estate.  A  dam  was 
erected  across  the  mouth  of  the  south  branch 
of  Pensaukin  Creek  by  act  of  December  6, 
1775,  for  the  purposes  before  named.  Great 
Timber  Creek  being  a  navigable  stream,  was 
banked  on  both  sides,  from  the  mouth 
nearly  to  the  head  of  navigation  on  each 
branch,  but  this  appears  to  have  been  done 
by  individual  shore-owners  and  without  any. 
enabling  act. 

The  owners  of  marsh  on  Coopers  Creek, 
it  being  a  navigable  stream,  also  reclaimed  it  ■ 
in  the  same  manner,  and  much  valuable  pas- 
ture land  on  each  of  these  streams  is  still 


388 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


protected  from  the  tide.  This  proves  con- 
clusively that  no  attention  had  been  paid, 
until  near  the  close  of  the  last  century,  to 
the  cultivation  of  the  upland  or  artificial 
grasses,  and  that  all  depended  upon  the  ruarsh 
lands  within  reach  of  the  tide  for  their  hay. 
Farmers,  long  distances  from  their  meadows, 
and  at  great  cost  and  labor,  thus  obtained 
their  winter  supply,  which  at  best  was  scanty 
and  often  of  poor  quality.  The  growers  of 
early  vegetables  for  the  Philadelphia  markets, 
and  who  utilized  the  light  sandy  soil,  were 
not  slow  to  notice  the  advantage  of  manures 
in  forwarding  their  crops,  and  soon  grew  ex- 
travagant in  their  use,  but  made  it  profitable. 
About  the  beginning  of  the  present  century 
notice  was  taken  of  marl  and  land  plaster,  and 
some  farmers  ventured  to  sow  small  breadths 
of  clover,  herd-grass  and  timothy  seed. 

This  was  watched  with  much  interest  by 
all  neighboring  agriculturists,  with  the  hope 
that  their  cattle  could  be  fed  at  much  less 
cost  and  trouble  than  attended  the  securing  of 
the  meadow  crop.  John  Gill,  Joseph  M. 
Hinchman,  Joseph  Kay,  Samuel  Nicholson 
and  a  few  others  made  this  risk,  but  the  ex- 
periment at  once  dissolved  all  doubt  in  this 
direction,  and  meadow  land  began  to  lose  its 
importance  and  decrease  in  value. 

At  once  the  benefit  was  recognized  and  the 
next  year  every  farmer — except  those  whose 
meadow  land  adjoined  their  farms — sowed 
grass  seed  with  his  winter  grain. 

About  this  time  an  attempt  was  made  to 
utilize  iron  instead  of  wood  for  plows.  It 
was  a  crude  idea,  for  the  land  side  mould- 
board  and  shear  were  cast  in  a  solid  piece, 
making  it  so  heavy  it  could  not  be  handled. 
It  went,  however,  to  prove  one  thing — that 
the  clay  soils  slipped  from  it  much  better 
than  from  wood.  Soon  the  pieces  were  cast 
separately  and  the  "Peacock  plow"  was  the 
first  iron  one  that  found  favor  among  the 
farmers.  Improvements  in  other  like  im- 
plements followed,  and  cultivators,  spike-har- 
rows and  gang-plows  came  into  use. 


The  harvest  in  the  olden  time  was  the 
event  of  the  agricultural  year,  and  brought 
together  nearly  all  the  able-bodied  men  and 
boys  and  apprentices  of  the  neighborhood. 
The  sickle  was  the  only  implement  used  and 
all  were  expected  to  know  how  to  "  reap  and 
bind,"  that  the  grain  in  sheaves  might  be 
ready  for  the  carriers  and  shockers.  One  of 
the  oldest  and  steadiest  of  the  men  would  be 
selected  as  leader  and  his  orders  were  ob- 
served. Young  men  would  sometimes  wish 
to  test  their  skill  and  speed,  and  would  not 
"  cut  in  "  ahead  of  the  man  on  the  lead,  but 
if  the  work  was  badly  done  or  disputes  arose 
as  to  place,  a  word  from  the  leader  settled  all. 
Sometimes  among  the  farmers  twenty  or 
thirty  reapers  could  be  seen  crossing  a  field 
of  ripened  grain  and  each  carrying  his 
"ridge  "  which  was  an  attractive  sight. 

About  ten  o'clock  the  good  wife  and  her 
daughters  could  be  seen  waiting  under  some 
convenient  shade  to  dispense  the  lunch  of  hot 
biscuits  and  cool  drink — which  was  enjoyed 
by  all.  Dinner  would  be  announced  by  the 
tin  horn  or  conch-shell,  which  was  always  a 
good  meal  with  an  hour's  rest  thereafter. 
Four  o'clock  brought  another  lunch  like  that 
of  the  morning  and  was  acceptable  to  the 
now  weary  harvesters,  and  as  a  day's  work 
was  from  "  sun  to  sun,"  there  were  several 
hours  yet  before  the  task  was  ended.  Supper 
over,  the  traditional  darkey  fiddler  would 
be  pressed  into  service,  the  barn-floor  cleared 
and  straight  fours,  hornpipes  and  double 
shuffles  indulged  in,  much  to  the  pleasure  of 
the  lads  and  lassies  who  joined  the  dance. 

The  indentured  apprentices,  who,  by  their 
papers,  were  entitled  to  two  "  week's  harvest" 
were  always  largely  represented  on  these  oc- 
casions, and  made  for  themselves  pocket- 
money  for  the  coming  year.  Nearly  all  the 
mechanical  operations  in  the  villages  would 
be  suspended  for  this  week,  and  the  man  who 
wanted  his  horse  shod,  his  wagon  mended  or 
his  shoe  patched  must  ask  it  as  a  favor  and 
not  demand  it  as  a  right.     The  cradle  gradu- 


AGRICULTURE. 


389 


ally  took  the  place  of  the  sickle  as  a  more 
rapid  means  of  cutting  the  grain,  and  at  last 
the  occupation  of  the  reaper  was  gone  and 
the  days  of  the  harvest,  with  its  jokes,  its 
lunch  and  its  dance,  were  almost  forgotten. 

The  wooden  flail  for  threshing  grain  held 
its  place  for  many  years  and  made  winter 
work  for  the  man  who  looked  after  the  cattle 
and  did  chores  for  the  family,  and  our 
grandfathers  winnowed  the  grain  by  the  use 
of  a  barn  shovel  and  trusted  to  a  favorable 
breeze  to  carry  away  the  chaff,  which  re- 
quired both  patience  and  endurance  to  ac- 
complish. At  last  rude  fan-mills  made  their 
appearance  and  one  of  these  would  accommo- 
date a  neighborhood.  Now  the  steam  thresher 
does  it  all  and  the  sound  of  the  flail  may 
never  again  be  heard. 

The  grass  was  cut  with  scythes,  spread 
with  forks  and  gathered  with  rakes,  taking 
about  two  days  to  prepare  it  for  the  mow. 
The  whole  process  was  by  hand,  and  if  the 
crop  was  clover  and  it  happened  to  rain, 
there  was  little  but  stems  when  in  the  barn, 
for  the  frequent  handling  wasted  the  head 
and  blossom.  The  first  break  in  this  system 
was  the  revolving  horse-rake.  Farmers  were 
slow  to  accept  its  use  or  acknowledge  its  mer- 
its. "  It  picks  up  all  the  sticks  and  stones 
with  the  grass  and  I  don't  want  it,"  says  an 
old  farmer  sitting  on  the  fence  watching  it 
work.  "  It  rolls  and  wads  the  hay  so  you 
can't  get  it  apart;"  says  another  near  by  and 
who  refused  to  be  convinced.  These  and 
other  objections  were  lost  sight  of  when  its 
labor-saving  advantages  were  considered,  and 
soon  one,  if  not  two,  of  them  could  be  seen 
on  every  plantation. 

The  grain  and  seed-drill  has  supplanted 
the  sower,  the  plow  and  the  harrow,  the  com- 
bined reaper  and  binder,  the  mower,  rake  and 
fork ;  each  worked  by  horses  have  crowded 
out  the  primitive  appliances  formerly  used. 

And  the  farmer's  wife  is  entitled  to  a  place 
here  as  well.  With  everything  as  primitive 
as  the  implements  of  her  husband,  her  brain 
46 


and  energies  were  often  sadly  taxed  as  to  how 
she  could  get  on  with  her  work.  The  kitchen 
was  the  largest  apartment  in  the  house,  and 
used  for  an  eating,  sitting,  and  cooking-room. 
The  broad,  open  fire-place  was  where  she  was 
exposed  to  the  heat,  and  also  the  strong  cur- 
rent of  cold  air  constantly  rushing  up  the 
chimney,  when  preparing  meals.  The  crane, 
the  trammels,  the  huge  pots  and  the  griddle 
and  gridiron  were  ever  present,  testing  her 
strength  and  patience  at  every  step.  The 
array  of  pewter  plates,  bowls  and  mugs  that 
adorned  the  dresser  or  high  wooden  mantel 
(being  part  of  her  wedding  outfit)  had  to  be 
cleaned  and  burnished  as  occasion  required, 
while  the  uncarpeted  floors  and  unpainted 
chairs  and  tables  must  receive  a  certain 
amount  of  labor  each  week  to  make  them 
presentable  to  her  family  and  neighbors. 

The  care  of  the  dairy  and  its  products,  as 
well  as  the  poultry,  fell  to  the  females.  The 
washing,  ironing  and  mending  for  the  family 
(the  hired  help  included)  was  a  weekly  or- 
deal ;  not  to  mention  the  baking,  sweeping 
and  scrubbing, — all  this  without  cook-stoves 
or  ranges,  without  washing-machines  or 
wringers,  without  patent -churns,  butter-trays 
or  any  other  labor-saving  appliances.  The 
flax  was  to  be  broken  and  swingled  ;  the  wool 
was  to  be  cleaned,  carded  and  prepared  for 
the  loom,  and  the  hum  of  the  wheel  told 
that  the  mother  and  daughters  were  busy 
during  the  long  winter  evenings,  and  doing 
their  work  by  the  light  of  the  pine-knots 
burning  on  the  hearth.  This  picture  is  with- 
out romance  or  coloring,  and  she  who  took 
upon  herself  the  duties  of  matron  accepted  a 
situation  unknown  in  these  days  of  the  di- 
visions of  labor  and  the  intelligent  applica- 
tion of  machinery. 

•  It  is  needless  to  speculate  as  to  the  devel- 
opment of  fruit  and  berry-growing  in  this 
section .  With  hundreds  of  acres  yet  unto  uched, 
so  well  adapted  to  these  purposes,  a  few  more 
decades,  and  that  which  is  now  forest  and 
swamp  may  be  made  to  yield  its  abundance. 


390 


HISTORY  O'k  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


through  the' industry  of  a  teeming  popula- 
tion. Many  can  remember  when  strawber- 
ries were  a  garden  luxury,  and  the  brier-hook 
of  the  farmer  was  ever  ready  to  destroy  the 
blackberry  and  dewberry  vines  that  crowded 
his  fences,  when  cranberry  culture  had  not 
been  thought  of,  and  many  other  like  growths 
received  no  attention. 

Developments  are  constantly  being  made 
in  our  country  which  aid  the  farmer  in  selling 
the  produce  of  his  land,  and  invite  him  to  in- 
crease his  acres  of  cultivated  soil.  They  give 
employment  to  people  in  manufacturing,  min- 
ing and  transportation,  the  building  of  rail- 
roads and  canals,  and  the  increase  of  foreign 
trade  by  shipping.  None  of  the  people  so  em- 
ployed produce  anything  for  themselves  or 
their  families  to  eat;  hence  the  earth  with  the 
fullness  thereof,  through  the  industry  of  the 
husbandman,  supplies  their  wants.  The  im- 
provement in  the  breed  of  horses,  of  cattle,  of 
swine  and  of  poultry  has  not  been  overlooked, 
and  he  is  the  exception  who  has  no  Jersey 
cattle  in  his  pastures,  no  Chester  Whites  or 
Jersey  Reds  in  his  pens,  no  choice  stock  of 
colts  in  his  stalls  nor  any  Plymouth  Rocks 
or  Wyandotts  in  his  hennery. 

And  other  things  have  kept  in  the  line  of 
improvements.  Dwellings  are  more  conve- 
nient and  comfortable,  barns  are  larger  and 
better  arranged,  and  labor-saving  utensils 
may  be  found  in  every  department. 

The  Federal  and  State  governments  have 
come  to  appreciate  agriculture.  Chemistry 
has  been  invoked  and  attention  given  to  the 
best  means  of  increasing  crops.  The  State 
Board  of  Agriculture  annually  brings  togeth- 
er the  progressive  farmers,  and  the  Legislature, 
with  commendable  liberality,  seconds  every 
effort  to  advance  these  objects.  The  husband- 
man has  now  taken  his  true  position  in  the 
community  ;  he  knows  that  the  wealth  of  the 
nations  comes  out  of  the  land,  and  that  he  con- 
tributes largely  to  that  end  ;  that  his  calling 
commands  respect  and  that  the  produce  of  his 
broad  acres  finds  a  place  in  every  family. 


A  New  Eka. — The  greatest  stride  in 
agricultural  advancement  has  probably  been 
developed  within  the  last  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury; not  alone  in  improved  implements 
of  husbandry,  but  in  the  variety  and  methods 
of  cultivating  the  crops.  The  outbreak  of 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion  cut  off  all  com- 
petition from  the  South,  and  the  result  of 
this  and  the  demands  of  an  enormous  army 
stimulated  the  prices  of  farm  products  in 
this  county  to  a  wonderful  extent;  potatoes 
sold  readily  at  a  dollar  per  five-eighths 
bushel.  Corn  brought  from  eighty  cents 
to  one  dollar  and  a  half  per  bushel,  oats 
eighty  cents  to  one  dollar  per  bushel,  rye 
an  equal  price,  and  wheat,  about  the  close 
of  the  war,  brought  three  dollars  per  bushel. 
Strawberries  sold  at  from  ten  to  thirty  cents 
per  quart,  blackberries  twelve  to  fifteen  cents 
per  quart,  raspberries  eight  to  ten  cents  per  pint, 
grapes  eight  to  ten  cents  per  pound,  and  all 
other  products  at  equally  remunerative  prices, 
and  as  a  result,  farm  land  rapidly  increased  in 
value,  the  best  lands  readily  selling  at  from 
one  hundred  and  fifty  to  two  hundred  dollars 
per  acre,  The  value  of  all  kinds  of  fertilizers 
correspondingly  increased;  stable  manure  in 
Philadelphia  sold  on  the  wharves  at  one  dol- 
lar and  fifty  cents  per  small  cart-load.  It 
was  loaded  upon  canal-boats,  flats  and  schoon- 
ers and  sent  up  all  the  navigable  streams  to 
various  landings.  Farmers  increased  their 
areas  of  cultivated  land,  and  applied  manures 
and  fertilizers  unsparingly.  Peruvian  guano, 
being  considered  the  best  commercial  fertil- 
izer, sold  at  one  hundred  dollars  per  ton. 
Hay  and  straw  brought  prices  varying  from 
one  dollar  to  two  dollars  and  a  half  per  hun- 
dred-weight. During  such  a  period  farmers 
became  wide  awake  and  progressive.  New 
fruits  were  rapidly  introduced.  The  first 
great  acquisition  was  the  Hovey  strawberry 
introdiiced  by  C-  M.  Hovey,  of  Boston,  and 
was  the  pioneer  of  the  strawberry  culture  of 
to-day ;  this  was  rapidly  followed  by  other 
varieties,  until  the  varieties  are  now  over  one 


AGRICULTURE. 


391 


hundred,  and  embrace  all  kinds  and  shapes 
of  berries.  Those  varieties  most  popular  at 
present  are  the  Sharpless,  Crescent,  Miners, 
Downing  and  Mount  Vernon,  although  many 
others  are  cultivated  profitably.  The  season 
of  1886  has  been  one  unusually  favorable 
to  the  growth  of  the  strawberry,  and  large 
crops  have  been  gathered.  Probably  the 
largest  crop  by  an  individual  grower  in  this 
county  was  a  yield  of  sixty-eight  thousand 
quarts  on  fourteen  acres,  grown  by  Ezra  C. 
Bell,  of  Mount  Ephraim.  This  yield  has  fre- 
quently been  excelled  by  growers  of  one  or  two 
acres,  and  Friend  Bell  has  exceeded  it,  on  ten 
acres  two  years  previously.  The  large  crop  of 
this  fruit  caused  a  series  of  extremely  low  prices, 
thousands  of  quarts  selling  below  the  cost  of 
picking,  which  fact  has  discouraged  many 
growers  to  abandon  their  plants  and  turn 
their  attention  to  other  crops.  The  cultiva- 
tion of  the  blackberry  began  to  assume  im- 
portance about  the  same  time  as  the  straw- 
berry, and  acquired  considerable  success, 
and  is  still  cultivated,  but  is  not  as  profitable 
as  formerly,  the  Wilson  Early  being  the  most 
noteworthy.  The  best  yield  in  the  county 
was  that  raised  by  John  S.  Collins,  on  the 
Benjamin  Horner  farm,  a  little  north  of  and 
adjoining  the  borough  of  Merchantville,  in 
the  year  1872  ;  he  raised  and  sold  one  hun- 
dred and  ninety-two  thousand  quarts  on  sev- 
enty-five acres,  which  were  sold  for  the  sum 
of  twenty-two  thousand  one  hundred  and  two 
dollars.  The  variety  was  the  Wilson  Early. 
Raspberries  also  came  into  profitable  cul- 
tivation, the  Philadelphia  being  the  most 
profitable,  although  its  honors  have  been 
closely  contested  by  the  Brandywine,  Cuth- 
bert  or  Queen  of  the  Market,  Early  Prolific, 
Reliance  and  others.  Joshua  Barton,  of 
Berlin,  in  1884,  raised  on  two  acres  three 
thousand  two  hundred  and  forty-one  and 
a  half  quarts  of  Queen  of  the  Market  rasp- 
berries, not  including  those  consumed  at 
home.  Grapes  also  attracted  their  full  share 
of  attention,  and  many  large  yields  and  profit- 


able returns  have  been  obtained.  In  1885 
the  crop  of  John  W.  Potts,  of  Stockton 
township,  a  little  northeast  of  Merchantville 
borough,  on  five  acres  was  a  little  over 
fifteen  tons  of  grapes.  While  these  results 
in  small  fruits  were  obtained,  the  grain  and 
truck  farmers  were  not  idle.  Large  crops  of 
all  kinds  of  vegetables  are  yearly  reported. 
Joel  Clement,  of  Stockton,  raised  twelve 
hundred  and  eighty-five  baskets  (five-eighths 
bushel)  of  peppers  on  one  acre,  which  sold 
for  two  hundred  and  twenty-five  dollars. 
Jesse  L.  Anderson,  of  Ellisburg,  a  few  years 
ago  had  a  remarkable  yield  of  sweet  potatoes. 
David  Roe,  of  Haddonfield,  has  at  diflferent 
times  raised  very  productive  crops  of  cab- 
bages. 

Edward  W.  Coffin,  1885,  on  two  and 
seven-eighth  acres  raised  three  thousand 
bushels  of  tomatoes  of  five-eighth  bushel 
each  and  weighing  thirty-nine  pounds  per 
basket,  equal  to  forty  thousand  six  hundred 
and  ninety-six  pounds  per  acre.  He  also 
raised  on  four  and  seven-eighth  acres  thirty- 
nine  thousand  six  hundred  pounds  of  hay. 
Joseph  Errickson,  of  Delaware  township, 
raised  in  1885  eight  hundred  and  forty  bushels 
of  tomatoes  on  one  acre  ;  John  D.  Glover,  of 
Mount  Ephraim,  four  hundred  and  eighty- 
six  bushels  of  wheat  on  seventeen  acres; 
Joseph  C.  Hollinshead,  of  Haddon  township, 
raised  twenty-five  tons  of  mangel-wurzel 
beets  on  one  and  a  half  acres.  Joel  Clement, 
of  Stockton  township,  near  the  Bethel  Church, 
raised  in  1885,  on  a  little  less  than  a  quarter  of 
an  acre,  eleven  hundred  baskets  (five-eighths 
bushel)  of  squashes,  which  sold  for  one  hun- 
dred and  eighty-five  dollars  ;  and  from  a  little 
less  than  one  and  one-half  acres  of  cabbage  two 
hundred  and  three  dollars  was  realized  ;  from 
one  and  a  half  acres  of  late  tomatoes  two  hun- 
dred and  twelve  dollars  was  realized.  Many 
of  these  yields  and  prices  have  no  doubt  been 
exceeded,  but  enough  has  been  mentioned  to 
give  an  idea  of  the  crops  produced  under  the 
advanced  system  of  agriculture. 


392 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


While  these  changes  have  been  going  on 
in  the  rotation  of  crops  and  the  cultivation 
of  the  soil,  the  condition  of  the  agticulturist 
has  also  assumed  a  more  elevated  position 
in  all  that  concerns  the  conveniences  of 
husbandry  and  the  drudgery  of  the  farmers' 
wives,  although  the  relief  of  the  latter  has 
not  reached  that  position  to  which  she  is 
justly  entitled.  It  is  true  that  the  spinning- 
wheel  and  distaff  have  been  discarded,  and 
the  huge  fire-places,  with  their  cumbersome 
crane  and  pots  and  kettles,  have  been  suc- 
ceeded by  the  cook-stove  and  range,  the  bare 
floors  are  carpeted,  and  the  plumber's  art 
frequently  called  in  to  locate  the  bath-tub, 
and  hot  and  cold  water  arrangements,  the 
dairyman  succeeds  the  dairy-maid  with  the 
milk  pail,  the  washing,  ironing  and  mend- 
ing for  the  hired  men  employed  on  the  farm 
is  a  thing  of  the  past,  the  sitting-room  and 
parlor  are  furnished  in  the  latest  styles  of 
furniture,  and  adorned  with  many  handsome 
ornaments,  and  frequently  the  chandelier  is 
found  in  its  graceful  proportions  hanging 
from  the  ceiling,  yet  the  system  of  farmers 
boarding  and  lodging  their  field  hands  is  still 
in  vogue,  although  the  practice  of  providing 
convenient  and  comfortable  residences  for 
the  employees  of  the  farm,  and  the  men  board- 
ing themselves,  is  being  successfully  tried 
among  the  more  aifiuent  farmers.  The 
system  is  far  from  being  general,  although 
it  is  not  venturing  much  to  say  that  within 
the  next  score  of  years  it  will  be  as  un- 
common an  occurrence  to  find  a  farmer  board- 
ing his  help  as  it  is  to-day  to  find  one  wash- 
ing and  mending  for  them.  The  day  is  also 
not  far  distant  when  butter-making,  except 
in  large  dairies,  will  also  be  seldom  done 
upon  the  farm.  The  milk  or  cream  will  be 
sent  to  a  creamery  and  the  farmer  charged  a 
percentage  for  the  manufacture  of  the  pro- 
duct into  butter.  But  to  forecast  the  events 
that  are  sure  to  supplant  the  methods  of 
to-day  is  to  venture  on  unknown  grounds. 
Certain  it  is,  however,  that  the  wife  of  the 


agriculturist  of  Camden  County  is  destined  to 
be  relieved  from  much  of  the  slavery  that  now 
besets  her  life,  and  to  enjoy  an  existence  as 
free  from  vexatious  toil  as  her  city  neighbor. 

After  reviewing  the  past  and  noting  the 
continued  advance  in  agricultural  pursuits,  it 
is  impossible  to  predict  the  future  of  the 
husbandman  of  this'  county. 

The  importance  of  a  unity  of  action  in 
many  cases  necessitated  the  formation  of  a 
Farmers'  Association,  which  was  first  organ- 
ized at  Ellisburg  in  1872,  and  afterwards 
removed  to  Haddonfield,  where  it  entered  on 
a  quiet  but  steady  career  of  usefulness,  the 
effects  and  advantages  of  which  are  manifold. 
Aside  from  the  discussions  at  the  meetings, 
many  important  actions  were  taken  to  relieve 
the  farmers  of  impositions  practiced  upon 
them.  For  several  years  exhibitions  of 
cereal  products  and  poultry  were  yearly  held 
in  the  Town  Hall  at  Haddonfield,  where 
poultry  for  breeding  purposes  was  sold  and 
exchanged.  The  energies  of  the  association 
were  largely  curtailed  by  the  Grange  move- 
ment, which  reached  this  county  in  1874. 
Yet,  notwithstanding  the  absorption  of  its 
members  in  the  Grange  organizations,  the 
association  maintained  its  organization  and 
membership  in  the  State  Board,  and,  aided 
largely  by  its  influence,  is  reorganizing  the 
State  Board  of  Agriculture,  and  placing 
that  body  upon  its  present  influential  posi- 
tion. One  of  the  original  members  of  the 
association  is  at  this  time  president  of  the 
New  Jersey  State  Board  of  Agriculture. 
The  officers  of  the  association  are  as  follows  : 
President,  Edward  Burrough  ;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Edward  S.  Huston ;  Recording  Secre- 
tary, George  T.  Haines ;  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary, Edward  Burrough ;  Treasurer  and 
Librarian,  Jacob  S.  Coles ;  Executive  Com- 
mittee, Isaac  W.  Coles,  Ezra  C.  Bell,  Rich- 
ard Levis  Shivers,  Nathaniel  Barton  and 
Samuel  Wood. 

In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the 
law  authorizing  the  creation  of  County  Boards 


AGRICULTURE. 


393 


of  Agriculture,  the  Cauiden  County  Board  of 
Agriculture  was  formed,  and  althougli  yet  in 
its  infancy,  gives  promise  of  being  a  useful 
element,  through  which  the  farmers  of  the 
county  can  unite  upon  any  measure  tending 
to  advance  their  interest.  The  present  offi- 
cers are  as  follows :  President,  Ezra  C.  Bell ; 
Vice-President,  Edward  S.  Huston ;  Record- 
ing Secretary,  George  T.  Haines ;  Correspond- 
ing Secretary,  Nathaniel  Barton  ;  Treasurer, 
Jacob  Stokes  Coles ;  Directors,  Theodore 
Heider,  Edward  Burrough  and  Amos  Ebei-t ; 
Delegates  to  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture, 
Edward  Burrough  and  Edward  S.  Huston. 

Camden  Couxty  Pomona  Geange. — 
This  organization  was  established  Septem- 
ber 6,  1877,  in  Clement's  Hall,  at  Haddon- 
field,  by  the  action  of  the  Union  Grange,  at 
Meohanicsville,  Haddon  Grange,  of  Haddon- 
field,  Blackwood  Grange,  of  Blackwood,  and 
Hammonton  Grange,  of  Atlantic  County. 
Meetings  are  held  at  the  hall  of  Haddon 
Grange,  Haddonfield.  Isaac  Nicholson  was 
elected  Master,  and  served  until  1880,  when 
he  was  succeeded  by  Theodore  Hyder,  of 
Blackwood,  who  still  presides.  R.  J.  Bynes 
was  chosen  secretary  at  the  organization  and 
served  until  1880,  when  he  was  succeeded  by 
R.  L.  Shivei-s,  who  served  one  year  and  was 
followed  by  the  present  secretary,  George  T. 
Haines. 

Ezra  C.  Bell,  one  of  the  successful  ag- 
riculturists of  Camden  County,  is  a  descend- 
ant of  Heiuy  Bell,  one  of  the  Friends  who 
came  to  Montgomery  County,  Pa.,  in  the 
last  decade  of  the  seventeenth  century,  and 
settled  on  lands  he  purchased  of  William 
Penn.  His  son  John,  born  in  1721,  mar- 
ried Hannah  Reese,  and  to  them  there  was  a 
son  born  in  1749,  whom  they  named  Jona- 
than. This  son  married  Mary  Stroud,  and 
had  two  children, — James  and  Isaiah,  the 
last-named  of  whom  married  Catharine 
Hughes,  and  died  in  1849,  aged  seventy- 
eight  years,  having  nine  children,  the 
second  child,  named  Hughes,  marrying  Sarah 


Comfort,  daughter  of  Ezra  and  Margaret 
(Shomaker)  Comfort.  Hughes  Bell  for  nine 
years  managed  the  farm  attached  to  the 
Westtown  Boarding-School  of  Friends,  and 
in  1847  purchased  two  hundred  and  forty 
acres  of  land  in  Union  (now  Centre)  town- 
ship, Camden  County.  This  was  formerly 
known  as  the  Joseph  Tomlinson  property, 
originally  located  by  Joseph  Hugg.  Part  of 
this  land  was  in  timber  and  the  remainder 
in  an  impoverished  and  much  neglected  farm, 
and,  but  for  a  tract  of  banked  meadow  on 
Great  Timber  Creek,  there  would  have  been 
no  hay  for  winter's  use.  At  that  time  his  fam- 
ily consisted  of  his  wife  and  five  children, — 
Chalkley,  Charles,  Mary,  Ezra  C,  and  James. 
Soon  a  change  was  apparent,  and  by  judicious 
cropping  the  soil  advanced  rapidly  in  fertility. 
Hughes  Bell  was  among  the  first  in  this 
section  to  cut  and  stack  his  corn  before  husk- 
ing, thus  saving  the  fodder  from  winds  and 
rain.  The  objection  of  "  costing  too  much," 
as  argued  among  farmers,  soon  vanished  and 
the  system  was  in  a  few  years  almost  uni- 
versally adopted.  His  sons  used  the  first 
mowing-machine  hereabouts,  and  althougli 
cumbersome  and  defective  in  many  parts, 
was  the  beginning  of  a  new  era  in  hay-mak- 
ing for  all.  Hughes  Bell  died  in  1857  and 
his  sous  became  the  possessors  of  his  lauded 
estate  and  pursued  the  same  intelligent  system 
of  agriculture,  taking  advantage  of  the  use 
of  machinery  and  the  application  of  fertilizers. 
The  land  which  came  to  Ezra  C.  Bell  was 
the  purchased  tract  of  seventy-one  acres  and 
part  of  the  original  tract.  ]\Iuch  of  this 
land  was  yet  unbroken  and  some  of  it 
difficult  to  clear.  In  utilizing  a  bed  of 
clay  on  the  premises  for  brick  and  the  man- 
ufac^ture  of  tile,  of  which  his  present  residence 
was  built  in  1S5G,  with  which  the  farm  is 
underlaid,  gradual  inroads  were  made  upon 
the  brush  and  stumps  until  some  of  the  best 
land  was  exposed  to  the  sun  and  made  ready 
for  use.  The  miles  of  tile  which  underlay 
the  soil  render  it  now  one  of  the  most  pro- 


394 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


ductive  and  easily  worked  farms  to  be  found 
in  this  county.  Some  of  the  moist  soils  are 
especially  adapted  to  the  growth  of  straw- 
berries and  other  small  fruits,  and  have  been 
taken  advantage  of  for  such  purposes.  With 
constant  changes  as  to  selected  varieties, 
seasonable  care  in  tillage,  the  use  of  proper 
stimulants  and  a  near  market,  he  has  shown 
what  can  be  done  in  this  direction,  which  has 
induced  others  to  the  same  endeavor. 

With  seven  acres  under  strawberries  in 
1883,  the  yield  was  about  fifty  thousand 
quarts,  and  gave  employment  to  sixty  pickers. 
This  is  the  result  of  experiment,  observation 
and  experience,  the  selection  of  soil,  of  situ- 
ation and  of  other  minor  details  needful  to 
success.  With  the  same  attention  given  to 
other  crops,  like  results  follow  :  the  farmer 
repaid  and  the  products  of  the  earth  increased. 

Ezra  C.  Bell  is  of  that  class  of  men  who 
strive  to  emulate  each  other  in  a  friendlv 
way,  and  assemble  themselves  together  to 
talk  over  their  losses  as  well  as  their  gains, 
who  regard  education  as  applicable  to  farm- 
ing as  to  mechanics,  to  merchandising  as 
to  the  arts  or  to  the  sciences  ;  that,  although 
the  cold,  the  heat,  the  drought  and  the  rains 
have  much  to  do  with  the  success  in  crops, 
yet  good  farn:ing  in  its  broadest  sense,  in  a 
measure,  overcomes  all  these,  and  is  sure  to 
yield  its  reward. 

In  1856  he  married  Esther  E.,  daughter 
of  Reuben  and  Rachel  Roberts.  Their  chil- 
dren are  John  H.,  Edwin  R.,  Margaret  C. 
and  Caroline  R.  Bell.  Esther  deceased  in 
1877,  and  in  1883  he  married  Priscilla 
Evans,  widow  of  Joseph  B.  Evans,  and 
daughter  of  Zebedee  and  Elizabeth  Haines. 
Like  his  ancestors,  he  adheres  to  the  religious 
faith  and  doctrines  of  George  Fox,  and  is  a 
useful  man  in  his  day  and  generation.  Without 
being  a  politician,  he  is  a  firm  adherent  to  his 
policy  of  what  is  best  for  the  people,  and  he 
does  not  avoid  his  duty  as  a  good  citizen,  by 
refusing  to  participate  in  township  or  county 
afiairs. 


John  Ruddeeow  was  a  leading  agricul- 
turist within  the  present  limits  of  Stockton 
township  for  half  a  century  after  the  Revolu- 
tionary War.  He  was  the  great-grandson  of 
John  Rudderow,  an  English  lawyer,  crown 
surveyor  and  adherent  of  the  Established 
Church.  In  1680  he  settled  in  Chester  town- 
ship, Burlington  County,  N.  J.,  on  a  tract 
of  land  he  had  located  between  the  north  and 
south  branches  of  Pensaukin  Creek.  He 
was  active  in  the  affairs  of  the  township,  and 
was  known  in  the  colony  as  a  man  of  edu- 
cation. He  was  contemporary  with  George 
Keith,  and  influential  among  his  adherents 
in  organizing  St.  Mary's  Church  at  Coles- 
town.  The  great-grandson,  John,  was  born 
at  the  old  homestead  February  17,  1759,  but 
his  maternal  grandfather,  Thomas  Spicer, 
dying  during  his  infancy,  entailed  him  the 
"  Spicer  tract,"  where  Merchantville  now 
stands.  His  parents — William  and  Abigail 
(Spicer)  Rudderow — removed  to  what  was 
then,  and  for  many  years  after,  known  as  the 
"  Cherry-tree  Tavern,"  which  stood  by  the 
road  going  from  Burlington  to  Coopers  Point, 
near  Merchantville.  John  Rudderow  devoted 
himself  to  agriculture,  and  was  among  the 
first  to  introduce  the  culture  of  the  peach  and 
tomato  into  West  Jersey.  In  1804  he  built 
his  residence  where  is  now  the  centre  of 
Merchantville,  and  resided  there  for  many 
years.  November  16,  1812,  Governor  Aaron 
Ogden  tendered  him  the  appointment  of 
a.ssociate  judge  of  the  several  courts  of  Glou- 
cester County,  which  he  declined.  His  father 
had  been  a  warden  of  St.  Mary's  Church,  at 
Colestown,  from  its  organization,  in  1752, 
and  was  succeeded  by  his  son  John,  who  held 
the  office  until  his  death.  He  died  May  1, 
1840,  leaving  a  large  estate. 

Edward  Z.  Collings,  one  of  the  success- 
ful cranberry  growers  of  West  Jersey,  is  a  lineal 
descendant  of  Richard  Collings,  who  married 
Esther,  daughter  of  Joseph,  a  grandson  of 
Robert  Zane,  Joseph  Zane  died  in  1759, 
and  lefl  the  estate  to  his  daughters — Esther 


OLD  GRAVE-YARDS. 


395 


and  Rhoda  ;  the  last-named  sold  her  interest 
to  Richard  Collings  in  1762,  who  then  be- 
came the  owner  of  the  original  Robert  Zane 
survey.  Richard  Collings,  who  married 
Esther  Zane,  had  by  her  seven  children, — 
Abigail,  Esther,  Mary,  Lydia,  Richard,  Ed- 
ward Z.  and  Joseph  (who  were  twins).  Ed- 
ward Z.  was  married  to  Sarah  Thomas,  of 
Philadelphia.  Their  children  were  Rebecca, 
who  married  Jonathan,  father  of  E.  C. 
Knight;  Elizabeth,  who  married  John 
Thackara,  of  Salem,  N.  J. ;  Sarah,  who  be- 
came the  wife  of  Levi  Judson,  of  New  York  ; 
Isaac,  who  died  young ;  Edward  Z.  and 
Joseph  C. 

E.  Z.  Collings  was  married  to  Elizabeth 
H.,  daughter  of  Amos  and  Ann  Cox,  who 
was  the  daughter  of  William  Zane,  of  Chews 
Landing.  His  family  were  Rachel  (wife  of 
Elwood)  and  Ann  (wife  of  Charles  Braddock, 
of  Haddonfield,  N.  J.),  Richard  S.  (who  died 
in  infancy)  and  Edward  Z. 

Edward  Zane  Collings  was  born  in  New- 
ton township  January  16,  1837,  on  the  old 
homestead  property.  This  farm  was  situated 
on  the  Gloucester  road,  leading  to  Haddon- 
field from  Gloucester,  and  now  comprises  the 
larger  part  of  the  tract  set  apart  by  its  owner, 
E.  C.  Knight,  for  a  park.  His  father  died 
five  months  before  his  birth,  and  to  his 
mother  was  left  the  care  of  three  children. 
She  was  a  woman  of  great  force  of  character, 
and  in  order  to  keep  the  family  together,  car- 
ried to  the  city  market  the  farm  products,  and 
sold  them,  as  was  the  custom  then."  She  was 
faithful  at  home,  and  guided  and  educated 
her  children  by  her  example  and  personal  in- 
fluence. The  subject  of  this  biography 
worked  upon  the  farm  until  he  was  sixteen 
years  old,  in  the  mean  time  attending  the 
Champion  School,  going  also  to  Fellowship 
Boarding-School,  kept  by  Samuel  Smith,  for 
two  years,  and  completing  his  education  by 
a  year's  course  at  Bridgeton  West  Jersey 
Academy.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  taught 
the  Horner  School,  near  Glendale.  Becoming 


of  age,  he  took  charge  of  the  farm,  which  he 
managed  successfully  for  four  years  ;  in  the 
mean  time  he  purchased  a  farm  in  Salem 
County,  planting  and  successfully  raising 
fruit  on  it.  When  the  war  broke  out,  in  1861, 
Mr.  Collings  became  the  sutler  of  the  Thirty- 
second  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer 
Infantry  (afterward  Ninety-ninth  Regi- 
ment). He  also  received  a  commission  as 
military  store-keeper  from  Hon.  Simon 
Cameron.  He  was  in  the  service  three  years, 
taking  vessel-loads  of  goods  to  sutlers  at  the 
front,  disposing  of  the  same  at  a  handsome 
profit.  At  one  time  he  was  too  far  in  advance 
and  was  nearly  made  a  prisoner  ;  at  another 
Colonel  Mosby  cut  the  train  in  two,  captur- 
ing many  wagons,  but  the  property  of  Mr. 
Collings  escaped  through  good  fortune.  After 
the  war  he  purchased  a  farm  in  ]V[ontgomery 
County,  Pa.,  and  engaged  in  the  dairy  busi- 
ness, and  now  devotes  much  of  his  time  to  the 
cultivation  of  cranberries  on  his  property  in 
the  lower  part  of  New  Jersey,  and  is  reaping 
large  profits  on  his  investments.  In  1866 
he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  from  the 
Second  District  on  the  Republican  ticket,  and 
by  his  vote  aided  in  making  Hon.  T.  F. 
Freylinghuysen  United  States  Senator.  His 
children  are  William  T.,  Edward  Z.,  Sallie 
F.,  Annie  Z.  and  Francis  F.  His  two  oldest 
sons  are  engaged  in  cattle-raising  in  Nebraska, 
have  large  ranches  and  are  prospering.  Mr. 
Collings  is  now  a  resident  of  Camden. 


CHAPTER  XXI. 

OLD   GEAVE-YARDS. 

Many  of  these  places  of  burial  were  re- 
garded as  family  yards,  and  nearly  every 
large  land-owner  had  his  own,  yet  members 
of  other  families  were  interred  there.  These 
were  no  doubt  in  many  instances  beside  the 
places  already  selected  by  the  Indians,  and 
had  been  so  used  for  many  years  before  the 


396 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


emigrants  settled  here.  These  the  aborig- 
ines always  held  sacred,  and  made  visits  to 
them  long  after  they  had  abandoned  the  ter- 
ritory and  left  the  soil.  Many,  unfortu- 
nately, are  at  this  time  lost  sight  of  and  for- 
gotten, while  others  are  neglected  and  with- 
out any  inclosure  about  them.  Monuments 
were  seldom  placed  to  the  graves,  save,  per- 
haps, a  rough  native  stone,  with  the  initials 
of  the  interred  person's  name  rudely  cut 
thereon  and  without  date. 

The  oldest  burial-place  in  the  county  is 
the  old  Newton  yard,  situated  in  Haddon 
township,  about  midway  between  Haddon- 
field  and  Camden,  It  was  established  by 
the  first  persons  who  transported  themselves 
into  this  part  of  the  territory,  in  1681.  Here, 
for  many  years,  were  all  the  deceased  per- 
sons interred,  the  funerals  often  coming  in 
boats  to  the  yard.  The  site  was  badly 
chosen,  -for  the  ground  is  low,  and  often 
filled  with  water  nearly  to  the  surface. 

If  it  had  been  consistent  with  the  rules  of 
the  Society  of  Friends  that  small,  unpretend- 
ing monuments  had  been  allowed  from 
the  beginning,  how  much  of  history  and 
information  might  be  gathered  therefrom  at 
the  present  time.  Yet  a  visit  there  is  with- 
out results,  and  no  one  can  discover  where 
his  or  her  ancestors  lie.  This  is  a  universal 
regret,  for  so  much  is  lost  that  might  in  this 
simple  way  have  come  down  to  this  genera- 
tion. 

Next  in  order  of  time  is  the  Henry  Wood 
grave-yard,  on  the  farm  now  or  lately  owned 
by  Lemuel  Horner,  and  near  the  site  of  the 
Camden  City  Water-Works.  The  few  fam- 
ilies settled  about  the  mouth  of  Coopers 
Creek  and  on  the  river-shore  used  this  place. 
The  Woods,  the  Spicers,  the  Nicholsons,  the 
Willards  and  Days,  and,  later,  a  few  of  the 
Cowperthwailes,  Folwells  and  other  families, 
were  buried  there.  It  was  abandoned  for 
that  purpose  many  years  since,  and  is  now 
scarcely  known. 

Gloucester  was  laid  out  in  lots  in  1686, 


but  had  been  occupied  before  that  date  by  a 
few  settlers,  and  a  place  of  burial  selected. 
Thomas  Bull,  in  his  will  (1722),  makes  men- 
tion of  a  grave-yard  at  that  place,  but 
nothing  is  now  known  of  its  locality  or  who 
lie  interred  there.  It  may  be  in  one  of  the 
most  traveled  thoroughfares,  or  covered  by 
some  dwelling  or  factory  so  numerous  there. 
In  it  probably  rest  the  remains  of  parts  of  the 
Reading,  the  Harrison,  the  Hugg  and  Bull 
families — some  of  the  pioneers  who  first  ad- 
ventured into  this  region  of  country. 

The  Watson  grave-yard  dates  back  for 
many  years.  It  is  situated  in  Wiuslow 
township,  near  the  road  going  from  Blue 
Anchor  to  May's  Landing,  about  one  mile 
south  of  Winslow.  As  early  as  the  year 
1710  Daniel  Coxe  made  a  survey  of  one 
hundred  acres  at  that  place,  and  tradition  had 
it  that  a  house  was  built  and  a  tavern  kept 
there.  Although  in  the  depths  of  the  forest, 
it  was  a  comparatively  public  place,  for  here 
crossed  the  two  Indian  trails — the  one  going 
from  Egg  Harbor  to  the  Delaware  Kiver, 
and  the  other  from  Burlington  County 
towards  Cape  May.  The  first  of  these  was 
the  road  traveled  by  the  Indians  in  their 
excursions  to  procure  fish  and  clams  for  their 
winter  use,  and  the  other  by  the  Atsionk  and 
Tuckahoe  Indians  in  their  friendly  visits  to 
each  other.  On  these  same  paths  the  settlers 
made  their  first  roads,  and  gradually  the 
importance  of  the  old  hostelry  increased. 
This  may  account  for  and  fix  the  date  of  the 
beginning -of  this  burial-place,  and  may  have 
been  where  the  Indians  buried  their  dead 
who  died  on  these  long  journeys.  It  took 
its  name  from  Benjamin  Watson,  who,  after 
the  tavern-keeper  and  his  family,  was  the 
first  white  person  settled  there.  He  pur- 
chased a  large  tract  of  land,  cleared  several 
acres  about  his  house,  and  reaped  some  ben- 
efit from  the  soil.  Himself  and  wife  and 
some  of  his  family  are  buried  there,  and  also 
Oliver  Beebe  and  wife  and  family,  some  of 
John   Camel's  family,  and  a  few  others  oi 


OLD  GRAVE-YAEDS. 


397 


that  region.  Years  ago  there  stood  several 
marked  stones,  and  a  few  graves  could  be 
seen,  but  since  then  all  have  been  removed, 
and  nothing  remains  to  show  the  spot. 

What  was  known  as  the  Graysbury  grave- 
yard was  a  short  distance  west  of  the  White 
Horse  and  Camden  turnpike  road,  on  a  farm 
formerly  the  Graysburys,  but  later  owned  by 
Joseph  Fewsmith,  and  now  by  William 
Bettle,  Jr.  Simeon  Breach,  Joseph  Low 
and  Caleb  Sprague,  who  were  the  first 
settlers  in  that  section,  and  their  families  are 
buried  there,  and  later  the  Graysburys  and 
Hinchmans,  and  some  other  families.  This 
yard  is  entirely  lost  sight  of,  and  the  Phila- 
delphia and  Atlantic  City  Railroad  passes 
through  it. 

The  grave-yard  at  Blue  Anchor  was  one 
of  some  pretensions  and  among  the  oldest  in 
the  county.  In  1740  the  tavern  was  estab- 
lished there  and  a  few  dwellings  sprang  up 
around  it,  and  this  place  of  burial  may  date 
from  that  time.  About  1850  a  new  yard 
was  opened  near  by  and  no  more  interments 
were  made  in  the  old  one.  In  former  days 
it  had  many  lettered  "  head-stonfes "  at  the 
graves,  but  the  inclosing  fence  was  removed 
and  cattle  allowed  to  trespass  thereon  and  de- 
stroy the  monuments.  Here  were  buried  the 
families  of  John  Hider,  John  Bryant,  Robert 
Mattox,  Thomas  Fry,  the  oldest  settlers  there; 
later,  the  Albertsons,  the  Beebes,  the  Sicklers 
and  others  were  brought  there  and  laid  away: 
Now  it  is  "  farmed  over,"  and  the  spot  is 
scarcely  to  be  recognized.  It  was  on  the  high 
ground  a  short  distance  west  of  the  hotel  and 
frequently  visited  by  relatives  and  friends  of 
persons  lying  there. 

Woos'  burial-place,  about  one  mile  south 
of  Waterford  and  near  where  Shane's  Castle 
formerly  stood,  dates  back  to  the  middle  of 
the  last  century.  It  is  where  the  Indian 
trail  crosses  Clark's  Branch,  and  is  possibly 
where  the  aborigines  of  that  section  buried 
their  dead. 

Zabastian  Woos  and  his  brothers  settled 
47 


there,  followed  by  their  descendants,  who 
kept  a  fence  about  it  and  placed  several  tomb- 
stones in  the  inclosure.  But  few  are  interred 
there  now. 

There  is  a  small  yard  at  Bates'  Mill,  about 
one  mile  south  of  Waterford,  in  Winslow 
township.  It  was  first  opened  when  Thomas 
Cole  built  the  saw-mill,  about  the  middle  of 
the  last  century.  Some  of  the  Cole  family, 
the  Bates  family,  the  Kellum  family  and 
others  are  buried  there.  Care  is  taken  of 
this  spot,  the  fence  kept  up  and  the  few 
stones  are  cared  for.  Benjamin  Bates,  who 
was  an  officer  in  the  New  Jersey  Line  during 
the  Revolutionary  War,  and  did  much  active 
service,  lies  there  in  a  neglected  grave.  He 
was  especially  useful  in  watching  the  refu- 
gees, to  prevent  their  stealing  horses  and  cat- 
tle from  the  people  along  the  coast.  These 
marauders  were  the  terror  of  the  inhabitants, 
generally  going  at  night  on  their  expeditions ; 
but  when  they  found  that  Captain  Bates  was 
on  their  track,  took  to  the  timber  and 
would  be  seen  no  more  for  some  time. 

The  Hopewell  grave-yard  was  probably 
founded  by  Friends,  as  a  meeting-house  owned 
by  that  denomination  formerly  stood  there. 
It  is  on  the  old  Egg  Harbor  road,  about  two 
miles  southwest  from  Tansboro',  in  Winslow 
township.  The  fence  about  it  is  still  kept  in 
repair  and  care  taken  of  the  graves  and 
stones.  The  house  was  Erected  about  the 
middle  of  the  last  century,  and  the  beginning 
of  the  burials  may  date  from  that  time.  Here 
were  interred  the  heads  of  the  meeting — John 
Shinn,  Uriah  Norcross,  Joseph  Peacock,  Jo- 
seph Boulton  and  many  others — but  their 
children  removing  from  that  region  found 
other  places  of  sepulture. 

The  cemetery  at  Berlin  (Long-a-Coming) 
has  been  in  use  for  many  years,  and  may  be 
dated  back  to  near  1714,  when  the  place  was 
named  Long-a-Coming,  with  a  tavern  and  a 
few  dwellings.  In  1765  Samuel  Scull  kept 
an  "  inn  "  at  that  place,  where  the  Presby- 
terians erected  a  small  meeting-house  on  the 


398 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


ground  now  used  for  burial  lots,  and  attached 
to  the  cemetery.  Although  the  meeting- 
house fell  into  decay  and  was  taken  down, 
yet  the  interest  in  the  yard  was  kept  up  and 
sufficient  fence  always  kept  around  it  to  pre- 
vent cattle  trespassing  to  the  injury  of  the 
graves  and  grave-stones.  As  the  neighborhood 
improved  and  became  more  thickly  settled  and 
no  other  burial-place  established,  the  grounds 
were  enlarged  from  time  to  time  and  laid  out 
with  avenues  and  lots.  Some  few  stones  may 
be  seen  in  the  old  parts,  where  lie  buried  the 
Scull,  the  Budd,  the  Bodine,  the  Zigler, 
the  Rogers  and  other  old  families.  Under 
the  present  management  there  is  no  danger  of 
neglect,  much  to  the  credit  of  those  in- 
terested. 

Burden's  grave- yard  was  on  the  brow  of  a 
hill  near  where  the  turnpike  road  from  Ber- 
lin falls  into  the  Clementon  and  White  Horse 
road,  in  Gloucester  township,  and  is  now  en- 
tirely overgrown  with  timber.  It  was  prob- 
ably founded  by  Thomas  Webster,  who 
owned  the  land  in  1742,  and  who,  with  part 
of  his  family,  were  buried  there.  He  had 
two  sons,  Lawrence  and  Samuel,  but  they  re- 
moved to  other  parts.  Richard  Burden  be- 
came owner  of  the  soil  in  1789,  hence  the 
name  as  known  in  modern  times.  David 
Hurley's  and  Joab  Hill  man's  families  may 
be  there,  as  they  owned  land  and  lived  near 
by.  Andrew  Newman  owned  the  land  in 
1742  where  the  "Clementon"  Mills  stand 
and  built  the  first  mill  there,  about  one  mile 
from  the  yard  in  question,  and  it  may  be  that 
he  and  his  family  rest  there,  and  his  brother 
John  and  family  and  Benjamin  Richards  and 
Henry  Lake  as  well,  with  their  families; 
and  later,  Moses  Branson  and  Richard  Bur- 
den and  their  families. 

If  this  be  so,  then  this  forgotten  spot  was 
once  an  important  place  and  commanded  the 
care,  the  respect  and  the  protection  of  those 
about  them,  where  now  uo  vestige  of  a  stone 


or  grave  can  be  seen. 


But  a   single  grave   and   grave-stone 


IS 


left  to  show  where  the  people  about  Clemen- 
ton buried  their  dead.  It  is  on  a  hill  not  far 
from  the  railroad  station,  in  Gloucester  town- 
ship, and  will  in  a  few  years  be  lost  sight  of 
It  was  established  when  the  glass-works  were 
built  there,  which  brought  together  many 
workmen  and  their  families. 

On  the  farm  of  Alexander  Cooper,  Esq., 
in  Delaware  township,  near  Glendale,  is  a 
small  inclosed  spot  in  one  of  the  fields  known 
as  Matlack's  grave-yard.  It  contains  but  few 
bodies,  yet  tbey  are  the  ancestors  of  the  pres- 
ent owner  in  the  maternal  line.  The  fence 
is  carefully  maintained  and  it  is  contemplated 
to  erect  there  a  marble  tablet  to  commemo- 
rate the  place  and  secure  it  from  encroach- 
ments or  neglect. 

Tomlinson's  grave-yard,  near  Laurel  Mills, 
in  Gloucester  township,  is  strictly  a  family 
yard.  Many  of  the  ancestors  of  the  family 
lie  buried  there  and  interments  occasionally 
take  place.  It  is  well  cared  for,  but,  belong- 
ing to  a  Friend's  family,  but  few  monuments 
can  be  seen.  Its  origin  runs  back  many 
years,  for  Joseph  Tomlinson  settled  in  that 
section  as  early  as  1690,  he  being  the  first 
emigrant  of  that  name. 

What  is  generally  known  as  the  Zane's 
grave-yard  is  in  Gloucester  township,  near 
Clements  Bridge,  and  was  established  by  the 
first  George  Marple,  who  settled  there  about 
1740,  and  it  was  one  of  the  largest  in  this 
section  of  country.  Many  of  the  neighbor- 
ing families  buried  there  and  many  stones 
with  names  and  dates  stood  there.  No  in- 
terments have  been  made  there  for  many 
years.  The  Marples,  the  Zanes,  the  Troths, 
the  Chews,  the  Hillmans  and  others  lived 
in  that  region.  The  estate  having  passed  in- 
to the  hands  of  strangers,  it  has  been  much 
neglected  of  late  years.  It  has  no  inclosure 
about  it  and  many  of  the  graves  are  leveled 
with  the  ground  and  the  stones  defaced  or 
removed.  The  remains  of  Colonel  Isaiah 
Marple  are  interred  at  this  spot,  the  grave 
being  shown  by  a  plain   marble  slab.     He 


OLD  GRAVE-YARDS. 


399 


was  an  officer  in  the  New  Jersey  Line  during 
the  Revolutionary  War  and  rendered  much 
service  in  tliat  memorable  struggle.  The  re- 
mains of  a  few  Hessian  soldiers  may  re§t 
here,  as  the  troops  crossed  Great  Timber 
Creek  at  this  point  on  their  going  to  and  re- 
turning from  the  battle  of  Eed  Bank.  In 
the  retreat  there  was  much  trouble  in  trans- 
porting their  wounded,  not  having  means  to 
that  end,  and  some  were  left  by  the  way  to 
die  or  to  be  cared  for  by  the  inhabitants.  The 
army  was  completely  demoralized,  its  com- 
manding officer  being  in  the  hands  of  the 
enemy  and  others  lying  dead  upon  the  field. 
In  the  hasty  retreat  tradition  says  two  brass 
field-pieces  were  thrown  into  the  creek  and 
there  remain  to  the  present. 

Sloan's  burial-place  is  a  neglected  spot  on 
the  south  side  of  Irish  Hill,  in  Union  town- 
ship, and  a  short  distance  east  from  the 
Blackwoodtown  and  Camden  turnpike  road. 
There  is  no  fence  about  it  and  it  is  entirely 
covered  with  timber  and  underbrush.  Jo- 
seph Sloan  intended  it  for  his  family  alone, 
but  others  are  buried  there.  It  is  possible 
that  John  Stafford  was  buried  there,  he  being 
connected  with  the  family  by  marriage.  He 
was  a  soldier  in  Washington's  body-guard 
and  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  German- 
town  while  serving  in  the  artillery,  after 
which  he  retired  from  the  service.  John 
Ware,  John  Batt,  Jacob  Bendler  and  others 
lived  near  this  place,  and  themselves  or  part 
of  their  families  may  lie  there. 

The  few  graves  that  formerly  appeared  by 
the  road  leading  through  Guineatown  from 
Snow  Hill  to  Gloucester,  in  Centre  township, 
is  the  resting-place  of  many  of  the  slaves  of 
the  Huggs,  the  Glovers,  the  Harrisons  and 
others,  who,  after  they  were  free,  built  houses 
and  settled  them  at  this  place.  No  vestige 
of  the  graves  or  stones  is  left. 

The  law  required  that  they  should  not  be- 
come a  county  charge  ;  hence  this  means  was 
taken  to  keep  them  from  want  when  too  old 
to  work.      There  is  a  like  place,  known  as 


Hurley's  grounds,  on  the  farm  now  owned 
by  Benjamin  and  Joseph  Lippincott,  a  short 
distance  east  from  the  Mount  Ephraim 
road.  This  was  the  burial-place  of  the 
Hinchman  slaves  and  their  descendants,  and 
was  used  until  within  a  few  years. 

John  Mapes'  grave-yard  joins  the  house 
where  he  lived,  and  is  where  himself  and  his 
family  lie  buried.  It  fronts  the  turnpike 
road  leading  from  Camden  to  Kirkwood,  in 
Centre  township,  and  contains  but  few 
graves.  John  Mapes  was  a  soldier  in  the 
partisan  corps  of  Colonel  Henry  Lee,  and 
did  the  enemy  "much  hurt  and  mischief"  in 
that  memorable  conflict.  He  had  great  ad- 
miration for  his  commander,  "  Light  Horse 
Harry,"  and  loved  to  recount  their  many 
adventures  in  watching  the  movements  of  the 
British  army.  Nothing  but  a  plain  marble 
slab  marks  the  place  of  his  burial. 

On  the  south  side  of  and  near  the  road 
from  Mount  Ephraim  to  Woodbury,  in 
Centre  township,  formerly  stood  a  large 
brick  farm-house,  which  was  taken  down  by 
Jesse  W.  Starr,  Esq.,  while  he  owned  the 
farm.  Near  the  house,  and  in  part  of  the 
garden,  were  a  few  graves,  with  head  and 
foot-stones  indicating  that  a  branch  of  the 
Harrison  family  was  buried  there.  Samuel 
W.  Harrison  at  one  time  was  the  owner  of 
the  estate,  and  a  prominent  and  representa- 
tive man  in  Gloucester  County  affairs  during 
his  active  life.  He  was  descended  from  the 
Harrisons,  who  settled  at  Gloucester  in  the 
beginning,  and  whose  names  may  be  found 
among  the  leading  men  of  the  county  and 
State  for  several  generations.  Samuel  W. 
Harrison,  his  family  and  some  of  his  ances- 
tors lie  in  this  spot,  but  no  man  can  now  find 
the  place  of  their  sepulchre.  A  branch  of  the 
Ellis  family  had  a  small  burial-place  on  part 
of  the  estate  near  where  Samuel  Heulings  re- 
sides, a  short  distance  east  of  the  Haddonfield 
and  Moorestown  road,  in  Delaware  township. 
No  care  has  been  taken  of  it  for  many  years 
and  the  graves  are  scarcely  noticeable. 


400 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


On  the  farm  now  owned  by  Joshua  Pea- 
cock, in  Delaware  township,  and  on  the  east 
side  of  the  Haddonfield  and  Berlin  road, 
and  close  beside  the  old  Egg  Harbor  road, 
is  said  to  have  been  an  Indian  burial-place. 
There  .is  no  doubt  that  a  large  settlement  of 
aborigines  was  near  by,  which  gives  color  to 
the  tradition.  The  Kays,  the  Bateses  and 
the  Matlacks  owned  the  lands  adjacent,  and 
there  may  have  been  some  of  these  interred 
there.  No  trace  of  the  graves  can  now  be 
seen. 

Within  the  bounds  of  Camden  City  were 
two  or  three  grave-yards,  now  entirely  lost 
sight  of  The  progress  of  improvement 
crowded  them  out  several  years  since,  and 
but  few  of  this  generation  can  point  out  their 
locality.  Some  bodies  were  removed,  but 
many,  whose  friends  had  left  the  neighbor- 
hood, still  remain.  Streets  and  buildings 
now  cover  these  burial-places,  and  but  few 
years  will  pass  away  when  not  a  tradition 
will  be  remembered  by  the  oldest  inhabitant 
of  their  locality,  or  who  was  there  buried. 
The  aggressive  and  uneasy  spirit  of  the 
American  people  allows  nothing  to  hinder  its 
advancement,  not  even  those  associations  and 
memories  that  may  surround  the  graves  of 
our  ancestors. 

On  a  farm  in  Delaware  township,  and  near 
the  county  line  between  Camden  and  Burling- 
ton, are  a  few  graves  with  monuments,  known 
as  the  Inskeep  grave-yard.  The  estate  was 
formerly  owned  in  part  by  Abraham  Inskeep, 
one  of  that  family,  and  where  some  of  them 


and  others  of  the  neighborhood  were  buried. 
It  is  inclosed  and  is  well  cared  for. 

In  early  times  the  luskeeps,  the  Hootens, 
the  Wills,  the  Eves  and  the  Evanses  inhabited 
that  region,  and  their  dead  may  have  been 
buried  there.  Under  the  regulation  in  the 
Society  of  Friends  regarding  grave-stones, 
graves  and  even  "  family  rows  "  were  event- 
ually lost  sight  of 

Owing  to  some  neighborhood  difficulty 
about  burials  in  the  old  yard  not  necessary 
to  be  recounted  here,  James  Sloan  founded  a 
burial-yard  in  1790  adjoining  the  old  New- 
ton grave-yard.  It  has  many  graves  and 
grave-stones  within  the  walls,  but  much 
neglected,  and  the  gates  being  broken,  is  open 
to  cattle  and  other  marauders.  Portions  of 
the  Shivers,  the  Hinchman,  the  Eastlack, 
the  Heritage,  the  Collings,  the  Cooper  and 
other  families  lie  buried  there. 

About  the  year  1793  John  Rudderow  es- 
tablished a  burial-place  on  his  own  land  and 
near  his  house  in  Stockton  (then  Waterford) 
township,  and  where  the  Church  road  comes 
into  the  Camden  and  Moorestown  turnpike, 
at  Merchant ville.  The  interments  were  con- 
fined strictly  to  his  own'  family,  but  after  his 
death  no  more  burials  were  made  there. 
Within  a  few  years  all  the  graves  were 
opened  and  the  bodies  removed  to  the  old 
Rudderow  lot  at  Colestown.  Since  then  the 
land  has  been  used  for  agricultural  purposes, 
and,  in  the  extension  of  the  thrifty  town  of 
Merchantville,  will  soon  be  built  upon  and 
lost  sight  of. 


HISTORY 


OF    THE 


CITIES,  BOROUGHS  AND   TOWNSHIPS 


IN" 


OAMDEJ^"  COUNTY,   NEW  JEESEY. 


O 

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THE   CITY    OF  CAMDEN. 


CHAPTER  I. 

EARLY  HISTORY  OF  THE  CITY   OF   CAMDEN. 

Introduction — Early  Settlemeute  and  Subsequent  Transfei-s  of  Land 
on  the  Site  of  Camden— Early  Settlements  and  Transfers  of  Land 
on  the  Site  of  South  Camden  —  First  Town  Plan  of  Camden  — 
Coopers  Hill  —  The  Kaighn  Estate  —  Fettersville  —  Stockton  — 
Kaighnsville. 

Introduction. — A  little  more  than  two  centu- 
.  ries  ago  the  fertile  lands  now  covered  by  the  beau- 
tiful and  prosperous  city  of  Camden  were  first 
permanently  occupied  by  white  settlers.  During 
the  century  succeeding  this  event,  New  Jersey,  as 
well  as  all  the  other  American  colonies,  was  under 
the  control  of  the  English  government.  About 
the  time  the  great  struggle  between  the  colonies 
and  their  mother  country  began,  an  enterprising 
and  progressive  descendant  of  one  of  the  first 
settlers  conceived  the  idea  of  planning  a  town  on 
the  east  bank  of  the  Delaware,  opposite  what  was 
then  the  largest  city  on  the  American  continent, 
and  now  its  greatest  manufacturing  fentre.  Im- 
bued with  the  same  patriotic  spirit  as  his  friends  and 
associates,  he  named  his  new  town  Camden,  in 
honor  of  Charles  Pratt,  Earl  of  Camden,  a  dis- 
tinguished lawyer  and  statesman.  Lord  Chancellor 
of  England  in  1766,  and  President  of  the  Council 
in  1782.  The  Earl  of  Camden  was  the  firm  and 
'liberal  friend  of  the  American  colonies  during  the 
whole  period  of  their  struggle  for  independence. 
He  boldly  opposed  the  policy  of  the  King  and  his 
ministers,  and  openly  expressed  his  sympathy  for 
the  Americans. 

The  growth  of  Camden  during  the  first  eighty 
years  of  its  history  was  slow  but  sure,  like  that  of 
the  century  plant.  It  existed  for  a  long  period  as 
a  small  collection  of  houses  near  the  ferries,  toward 
which  most  of  the  travel  of  West  Jersey  was  then 
directed  on  its  way  to  the  city  of  Philadelphia. 


During  the  last  decade  the  manufacturing  and 
business  interests  of  Camden  have  very  largely 
increased  and  developed.  Many  new  industries 
have  lately  been  established,  until  now  the  full 
force  of  its  life  is  plainly  observable  to  many  of 
the  older  inhabitants,  who  remember  Camden  as  a 
small  village. 

Could  the  first  settlers  upon  the  site  of  the  city 
now  look  upon  the  industry  and  energy  that  have 
asserted  their  power  iii  the  rumble  of  ponderous 
machinery,  the  whistle  of  the  high-spirited  iron 
horse,  the  hum  and  whir  of  revolving  wheels,  the 
stately  magnificence  of  some  of  the  public  institu- 
tions, the  comfortable  homes  and  beautiful  streets 
and  the  improvement  in  the  modes  of  life  and  liv- 
ing, they  would  feel  gratified  that  their  children's 
grandchildren  and  those  cotemporary  with  them 
are  so  bountifully  favored  in  this  land  of  freedom 
and  independence,  of  which  they  were  the  hardy 
pioneers. 

The  census  table  below  was  prepared  from  offi- 
cial reports,  and  will  enable  the  reader  to  observe 
the  changes  in  the  population  of  the  city  of  Cam- 
den at  the  dates  given.  The  increase  during  the 
last  decade  has  been  truly  wonderful.  With  the 
healthful  situation,  beautiful  surroundings,  prox- 
imity to  Philadelphia,  rapid  development  of  the 
manufacturing  interests,  well-managed  ferries,  ex- 
cellent schools,  fine  churches,  an  enterprising  press, 
and  intelligent  and  cultured  society,  Camden  gives 
promise,  within  the  next  half  century,  to  many 
times  double  its  present  population,  and  hold  high 
rank  among  the  leading  cities  of  the  Union. 

1828 1,143  1860 14,368 

1830 1,987  1866 18,316 

1833 2,241  187U '.0,046 

1840 3,560  1876 33,852 

I860 9,118  1880 41,169 

1865 11,217  1886 62,884 

403 


404 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


CITY    OF    CAMDEN   BY 

WAHDE 

1850 

2520 

1856 

1860 

1865 

1870 

2462 

4141 
6051 
6176 

6396 
5545 
7372 

6666 

Middle  Ward         

2856      42613 
4242|     4489 

6684 

South  Ward                         

6695 

Total     

9618,11,217 

14,368 

18,313 

20,045 

First  Ward 

Second  "Ward  .. 
Third  Ward... 
Fourth  Ward.. 

Fifth  Ward 

Sixth  Ward 

Seventh  Ward 
Eighth  Ward... 

Total 


1876   1880   1885 


6932 
3946 
3031 
6261 
5267 
3480 
3760 
3175 


33,862 


6362 
6060 
3962 
6936 
6018 
3720 
4426 
4186 


7031 
8007 
4800 
9464 
6866 
4198 
6806 
6713 

62,884 


The  Early  Settlements  and  Transfers  of 
Land  on  the  Site  of  North  Camden. — The 
first  known  settlements  on  the  Delaware  Eiver 
within  the  limits  of  Camden  were  made  by  Rich- 
ard Arnold  and  William  Cooper,  before  the  land 
they  located  had  been  surveyed  to  them  and  be- 
fore the  Dublin  colony,  composed  mostly  of  Eng- 
lish Friends  who  had  fled  from  England  to  Dub- 
lin to  avoid  persecution,  had  located  inland  from 
the  river,  between  Newton  and  Coopers  Creeks. 
It  would  appear  from  the  order  given  below  that 
the  number  of  Friends  living  along  the  river  was 
sufficient  to  warrant  the  yearly  meeting  held  at 
Thomas  Gardiner's  house,  iu  Burlington,  the  5th  of 
Seventh  Month  (September),  1681,  to  grant  per- 
mission, as  follows : 

"  Ordered  that  Friends  of  Pyne  Point  have  a 
meeting  on  every  Fourth  day,  and  to  begin  at  the 
Second  hour,  at  Kichard  Arnold's  House."  The 
Richard  Arnold  here  mentioned  lived  on  the  river- 
bank,  a  short  distance  above  the  mouth  of  Newton 
Creek,  although  he  did  not  receive  title  until 
March  1,  1702,  when  two  hundred  acres  were  sur- 
veyed to  him.  His  house  is  marked  on  the  map 
made  by  Thomas  Sharp  in  1700.  He  sold  this 
building  the  same  year  to  Martin  Jarvis,  who  had 
purchased  the  year  previous  two  hundred  and 
twenty-two  acres  of  the  adjoining  land  bounding  on 
Coopers  Creek.  The  name  of  Arnold  disappears 
from  this  time  in  the  history  of  the  territory  now 
Camden  County. 

The  next  resident  on  the  site  of  Camden,  so  far 
as  known,  was  William  Cooper.  He  was  born  in 
England  in  1632,  and  for  many  years  prior  to  his 
emigration  had  resided  at  Coleshill,  in  the  parish 
of  Ameraham,  county  of  Hertford,  where,  early  in 
the  history  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  he  became  a 


convinced  member  of  that  religious  body.  He  is 
styled  in  various  deeds  and  in  his  will  as  "  Yeo- 
man." Upperside  Monthly  Meeting,  to  which  he 
belonged,  contained  within  its  limits  the  home  of 
William  Penn,  whose  projects  for  a  settlement  on 
the  Delaware  thus  became  well  known  to  its  mem- 
bers, and  William  Cooper,  attracted  by  the  pros- 
pects, and  wearied  by  religious  persecution  at 
home,  concluded  to  emigrate  thither  in  the  early 
part  of  1679,  with  his  wife,  Margaret,  and  five  chil- 
dren. He  brought  with  him  a  certificate  from  Up- 
perside Monthly  Meeting,  setting  forth  "  that  the 
said  William  Cooper  and  Margaret,  his  wife,  hav- 
ing lived  in  these  parts  for  many  years,  ever  since 
the  first  of  their  convincenient,  have  walked  con- 
scientiously and  honorably  amongst  us,  agreeably 
to  the  profession  and  testimony  of  truth,  according 
to  the  best  of  our  observation  and  knowledge  of 
them." 

He  arrived  at  Burlington  in  the  spring  or  sum- 
mer of  1679,  and  soon  after  located  fifty  acres  of 
land  within  the  town  limits,  and  had  the  same 
surveyed  and  returned  to  himself  by  deed  dated 
October  5,  1680.  On  this  land  he  built  his  first 
home  and  temporarily  settled  his  family.  During 
the  same  year,  no  doubt  conversant  with  the  pro- 
ject of  planting  a  city  near  Shackamaxon  (now 
Kensington,  Philadelphia),  he  located  a  tract  of 
three  hundred  acres  immediately  opposite,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Delaware  with  Aroches  Creek, 
which  now  bears  his  name,  and  obtained  a  certi- 
ficate for  the  same  from  the  commissioners  June 
12,  1682.  He  built  his  second  house  and  estab- 
lished his  family  on  a  high  bank  above  Coopers 
Point,  called  by  him  Pyne  Point,  from  a  dense  pine 
forest  which  then  grew  there.  This  site  is  now 
washed  away  and  is  near  where  Fifth  Street 
touches  thei river.  "The  remains  of  this  house," 
says  Mickle,  writing  in  1844,  "were  visible  a  few 
years  ago."  It  was  built,  according  to  reliable 
family  tradition,  of  brown  sand-stone,  which,  no 
doubt,  was  quarried  at  Pea  Shore,  north  of  the 
creek.  It  had  a  stone  portico,  and  a  door  opened 
out  from  the  second  story  hall  to  the  roof  of  the 
portico.  Benjamin  Franklin,  who  was  a  guest 
there  nearly  a  century  after  it  was  built,  styles  it 
"  a  large  house."  His  son  Joseph,  a  few  years  later, 
built  a  house  a  short  distance  east  of  his  father's, 
on  the  bluff  near  the  creek,  and  that,  too,  has  dis- 
appeared. 

On  his  arrival  the  place  he  selected  was  occupied 
by  a  small  band  of  friendly  Indians,  under  a  chief 
named  Arasapha.  The  title  to  the  land  on  the 
Delaware  between  Oldmans  Creek  and  Rancocas 
Creek  had  been  purchased  of  the  Indians  in  1677, 


THE  CITY  OP  CAMDEN. 


405 


but  William  Cooper  extiuguished  what  rights  they 
still  might  possess  at  Pyne  Point  by  a  conveyance 
from  the  chief  Arasapha.  This  deed  was  a  few 
years  ago  in  the  possession  of  Joseph  W.  Cooper, 
but  is  now  unfortunately  lost.  Intercourse  be- 
tween Shackamaxon,wheret  he  pioneers  of  Penn's 
colony,  under  Fairman,  the  surveyor,  and  Mark- 
ham,  the  deputy-governor,  and  Pyne  Point  had 
long  been  established  by  canoe  ferry  between  the 
Indian  settlements  at  those  places,  and  the  settlers 
on  both  sides  of  the  river  could  therefore  well 
meet  together  for  religious  worship. 

At  a  Yearly  Meeting  of  Friends  held  at  Salem, 
Second  Month  11,  1682,  for  both  Jersiesand  Penn- 
sylvania, it  was  therefore  ordered  "  that  the 
Friends  at  (Pyne  Point)  and  those  at  Shakomaxin 
do  meet  together  once  a  month  on  the  2*  and  4"'  day 
in  every  month,  the  first  meeting  to  be  held  at  Wil- 
liam Cooper's,  at  Pyne  Point,  the  2'*  and  4""  day  of 
the  3'^  month  next,  and  the  next  meeting  to  be  at 
Thomas  Fairman's,  at  Shakomaxin,  and  so  in 
course."  This  meeting  was  alternately  held  at 
Cooper's  house  until  the  arrival  of  Penn,'  when  it 
was  removed  to  Philadelphia.  There  was  also  a 
gathering  for  worship  at  the  house  of  Mark  New- 
bie,  on  Newton  Creek,  of  which  Thomas  Sharp,  in 
his  narrative  of  the  establishment  of  the  Newton 
Meeting,  says :  "  Immediately  there  was  a  meeting 
sett  up  and  kept  at  the  house  of  Mark  Newbie, 
and  in  a  short  time  it  grew  and  increased,  unto 
which  William  Cooper  and  family,  that  live  at  the 
Point,  resorted,  and  sometimes  the  meeting  was 
kept  at  his  house,  who  had  been  settled  sometime 
before."  When  the  meeting-house  was  built,  in 
1684,  at  Newton,  William  Cooper  was  appointed 
one  of  the  trustees,  and  they  continued  the  trust 
to  Joseph  Cooper,  his  son,  and  others  in  1708.  It 
was  built  on  the  land  of  Thomas  Thackara,  be- 
tween the  houses  of  Zane  and  Thackara,  and  stood 
until  destroyed  by  fire,  December  22, 1817. 

William  Cooper  was  present  at  the  treaty  of 
Penn  with  the  Indians  in  1682  at  Shackamaxon, 
opposite  his  house.  He  was  chosen  one  of  the 
members  of  Assembly  from  the  Third  or  Irish 
Tenth  in  1682-83  and  also  in  1686.  In  1687  he 
was  appointed  by  the  Assembly  of  the  province 
one  of  the  Council  of  Proprietors.  He  was  a  com- 
missioner for  Ihe  division  of  lands,  and  in  an  indi- 
vidual capacity,  also  acted  a^  attorney  for  many 
Friends  in  England  and  Ireland  in  the  purchase 
and  location  of  land.  In  1694  he  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  County  Court  of  Gloucester  and  con- 
tinued in  that  capacity  several  years.  His  position 
among  Friends  is  set  forth  in  the  testimony  issued 
by  the  meeting  after  his  death  as  "  having  been 
48 


raised  to  his  gift  of  exhortation  in  Hartfordshire, 
England,  and  lived  here  in  Godly  conversation, 
exercising  his  gift  in  the  meeting  at  Newton, 
whereunto  he  belonged,  to  the  benefit  of  God's 
people  until  it  pleased  God  to  remove  him.  As  he 
lived  so  he  died  in  unity  with  Friends  and  in  full 
assurance  of  his  eternal  well-being."  In  1685  he 
had  located  four  hundred  and  twenty-nine  acres  of 
land  on  the  north  side  of  Coopers  Creek,  in  Water- 
ford  (now  Delaware)  township,  where  he  erected  a 
house  and  out-buildings  and  having  removed  thither 
about  1708,  died  there  on  the  11th  day  of  First 
Month  (March)  1710.  His  will  bears  date  March 
7,  1709,  and  was  probated  March  20,  1710,  twenty- 
one  days  later  (the  first  of  the  year  at  that  time  be- 
ginning March  25th).  The  history  of  the  early 
settlement  of  Camden  is  so  interwoven  with  the 
acquisition  and  transfer  of  land  within  its  limits, 
largely  made  by  William  Cooper  and  his  descend- 
ants, that  a  skeleton  genealogical  chart  of  the  first 
four  generations  is  given  on  page  406  to  elucidate 
the  descriptions  in  this  article. 

The  land  on  which  Camden  is  situated  was  origi- 
nally surveyed  in  several  large  tracts,  as  follows — 
(given  in  order  as  they  lie  contiguous  on  the  river 
and  creek-fronts).  The  tract  of  three  hundred  acres 
for  which  William  Cooper  obtained  title  on  the 
12th  Juue,  1682,  was  situated  on  the  Delaware  and 
Coopers  Creek,  and  includes  what  has  since  been 
distinctively  known  as  "  Coopers  Point."  Next  be- 
low on  the  Delaware  was  a  tract  of  four  hundred 
and  fifty  acres  which  extended  eastward  to  Coopers 
Creek  and  had  been  surveyed,  September  20, 1681, 
to  William  Eoydon,  "a  citizen  and  grocer  of  Lon- 
don," who  came  to  this  country  some  time  after 
the  London  and  Yorkshire  commissioners,  and  upon 
this  land  the  original  town  of  Camden  was  subse- 
quently laid  out. 

William  Cooper's  tract  had  not  then  been  sur- 
veyed, but  application  therefor  had  doubtless  been 
made,  for  when  the  lines  of  his  survey  were  fixed, 
June  12,  1682,  he  made  complaint  that  Eoydon's 
survey  extended  upon  his  land.  This  was  probably 
when  Koydon  was  absent  in  England,  as  he  visited 
there  several  times  within  a  few  years,  and  upon 
his  return  refused  to  accept  any  change. 

On  June  26,  1688,  Eoydon  sold  three  hundred 
acres  of  his  survey  to  Zachariah  Whitpaine,  it 
being  on  the  north  side,  and  the  north  line  he  made 
to  conform  to  his  original  survey.  Whitpaine 
gave  a  mortgage  for  the  original  purchase  money, 
and  as  he  did  not  meet  his  payments  it  was  for- 
feited to  Eoydon,  who,  April  1, 1692,  sold  the  same 
to  John  Tysack,  who  sold  it,  December  25,  1697, 
to  Anna  Nore,  whose  heirs,  January  24, 1720,  con- 


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THE  CITY  OP  CAMDEN. 


40Y 


veyed  to  Jonathan  Dickinson.  He  died  in  1722, 
and  it  passed  to  his  son,  Jonatlian  Dickinson,  who 
January  17,  1723,  sold  it  to  William  Cooper,  son 
of  Daniel  and  grandson  of  William,  to  whom  had 
descended  his  grandfather's  title  to  the  adjoining 
land  and  thus  ended  the  dispute  on  the  boundary 
between  the  Roydon  and  Cooper  surveys. 

On  November  9,  1681,  Eoydon  sold  fifty  acres 
of  his  tract,  on  the  lower  side  reaching  to  the 
river,  to  Richard  Watt.  The  north  line  of  this 
fifty  acres  afterward  became  the  boundary  line  of 
the  Cooper  and  Kaighn  estates,  and  is  now  known 
as  Line  Street  in  the  city  of  'Camden.  On  the  1st 
day  of  First  Month,  1688,  Roydon  was  granted  a 
license  to  keep  a  ferry  from  Philadelphia  to  the 
Jersey  shore,  where  he  had  built  a  house,  it  having 
been  "judged  that  William  Roy  don's  house  was 
convenient  and  ye  said  William  Roydon  a  person 
suitable  for  that  employ."  After  his  sale  of  land  to 
Tysack,  in  1692,  he  returned  to  England  and  died 
there  the  same  year. 

Lying  between  the  larger  tracts  of  Cooper  and 
Roydon  was  a  small  wedge-shaped  piece  of  land 
of  twenty-eight  acres,  with  its  base  resting  on  the 
Delaware,  which  was  surveyed  to  John  White, 
November,  1683.  On  the  south  of  the  Roydon 
purchase,  and  lying  on  the  river,  was  a  large  tract 
of  five  hundred  acres  which  was  located  by  Wil- 
liam Cooper  as  the  attorney  for  Samuel  Norris,  to 
whom  it  was  surveyed  in  May,  1685,  and  extended 
southward  along  the  river  and  then  from  the  river- 
front eastward  to  Little  Newton  Creek,  or  Kaighn's 
Run,  with  its  northeast  angle  nearly  touching 
Coopers  Creek. 

Next  below  the  Norris  tract  was  one  hundred 
acres  of  meadow  land,  on  both  sides  of  Kaighn's 
p.un,  which  was  located  March  9,  1681,  by  the 
Dublin  emigrants  who  settled  at  Newton.  East  of 
Kaighn's  Run,  and  reaching  down  to  the  river,  on 
the  south  side  of  the  Newton  meadow  land,  was  lo- 
cated five  hundred  acres,  by  Robert  Turner,  May, 
1685.  Next  below  was  the  two  hundred  acre  tract  of 
Richard  Arnold,  before  mentioned,  on  which  he 
lived,  probably  as  early  as  1680.  The  next  survey  on 
the  river,  and  extending  up  Newton  Creek  to  the 
mouth  of  its  north  branch  and  along  that  branch, 
contained  two  hundred  and  twenty  acres,  and  was 
also  made  by  Robert  Turner,  Twelfth  Month  27, 
1687.  Farther  up  the  north  branch  of  Newton 
Creek,  and  east  of  the  Turner  survey,  was  a  tract  of 
three  hundred  and  fifty  acres,  surveyed,  March  6, 
1682,  to  Mark  Newbie,  a  part  of  which  is  now  in 
the  east  part  of  the  city  limits.  North  and  east  of 
the  Newbie,  Turner  and  Norris  tracts,  and  bor- 
dering on  Coopers  Creek,  lay  a  tract  of  five  hun- 


dred acres  which  was  surveyed  to  Robert  Turner 
in  July,  1683. 

Of  those  who,  as  above  stated,  originally  located 
the  land,  William  Cooper  was  the  only  one  who 
made  substantial  improvements,  and  with  his 
family  settled  and  retained  permanent  ownership. 
In  addition  to  his  survey  of  three  hundred  acres  at 
the  "Poynt,"  he  acquired  title,  January  8,  1689, 
to  the  twenty-eight  acres  located  by  John  White, 
lying  south  of  his  tract  and  on  the  river.  This 
wedge-shaped  piece  of  land  had  passed  from  White 
to  John  Langhurst,  and  later  to  Roydon,  who  sold 
to  Cooper  on  the  date  mentioned.  William 
Cooper  also  obtained,  through  several  conveyan- 
ces, the  fifty  acres  fronting  on  the  river  adjoin- 
ing his  other  land,  which  Roydon  had  sold  to 
Samuel  Carpenter,  April  20, 1689.  He  disposed  of 
all  his  real  estate  at  the  point  between  the  river 
and  creek,  by  various  deeds  of  gift,  before  his 
death,  to  his  children  and  grandchildren,  the  last 
gift  being  a  small  tract  of  thirty-eight  acres  on 
Coopers  Creek,  adjoining  Roydon's  survey,  which 
he  granted  to  his  grandsons — John  (son  of 
William)  and  Joseph,  Jr.  (son  of  Joseph)— as  joint 
tenants,  and  they,  in  1715,  sold  and  conveyed  the 
same  to  their  cousin  William,  son  of  Daniel.  His 
land,  with  the  house  thereon,  in  Burlington,  he 
presented  by  deed  to  his  daughter  Hannah,  wife 
of  John  Woolston,  Sr. 

William  Cooper,  Jr.  (born  1660,  died  1691),  the 
eldest  son  of  William  the  emigrant,  married,  in 
1682,  Mary,  the  daughter  of  Edward  and  Mary 
Bradway,  of  Salem,  and  the  young  couple  settled 
in  that  town.  He  died  in  1691,  leaving  three 
children,— John,  Hannah  and  Mary.  His  widow 
intermarried  the  next  year  with  William  Kenton, 
of  Choptank  Meeting,  Maryland,  and  the  three 
children  were  fostered  and  cared  for  by  their 
grandfather  Cooper  at  the  "Poynt."  John  was 
provided  with  a  farm,  as  above  stated,  and  did  not 
change  his  residence  until  after  his  grandfather's 
death.  He  married,  at  Chesterfield  Meeting,  Anne 
Clarke  in  1712,  and  settled  in  Deptford  township. 
Old  Gloucester  County.  Hannah  married,  in 
1704,  at  her  grandfather's  house  at  the  "Poynt," 
John,  the  eldest  son  of  Archibald  Mickle,  and  they 
settled  on  Newton  Creek,  within  the  town  bounds  of 
Gloucester.  Mary  appears  to  have  accompanied  her 
grandfather  when  he  removed  to  his  farm  at  Cooper- 
town,  on  the  Waterford  side  of  the  creek,  where  he 
died,  for  she  was  married,  1707,  at  the  house  of  her 
testamentary  guardian,  John  Kay,  near  Ellisburg, 
to  Benjamin,  son  and  heir  of  Thomas  Thackara,  of 
Newton,  the  pioneer.  They  resided  on  the  Thackara 
property  on  the  middle  branch  of  Newton  Creek. 


408 


HISTOKY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


Joseph  Cooper  (born  1666,  died  1731),  second 
son  of  William,-  the  emigrant,  married,  1688, 
Lydia  Riggs,  a  member  of  the  Philadelphia  Meet- 
ing of  Friends.  They  resided  on  Coopers  Creek, 
just  east  of  the  residence  of  his  father.  They  had 
seven  children, — Elizabeth,  who  married  Samuel 
Miokle  and  died  without  issue ;  Joseph,  Jr.,  who 
married,  first,  Mary  Hudson,  and,  second,  Han- 
nah Dent;  Lydia,  who  married  John  Cox  and 
died  without  issue  ;  Hannah,  who  married  Alex- 
ander Morgan ;  Benjamin,  who  was  three  times 
married  :  first  to  Rachel  Mickle,  secondly  to  Han- 
nah Carlisle  (a  widow  n6e  Clarke),  and  thirdly  to 
Elizabeth  Burcham  (a  widow  nie  Cole);  Sarah,  who 
married  Joshua  Raper;  and  Isaac,  who  married 
Hannah  Coates. 

The  first  purchase  of  land  made  by  Joseph 
Cooper,  son  of  William,  of  which  we  have  record, 
was  effected  June  12,  1697,  when  Joshua  and 
Abraham  Carpenter  conveyed  to  him  the  tract  con- 
taining four  hundred  and  twenty-three  acres,  be- 
ing the  greater  part  of  the  Turner  survey,  located 
in  July,  1685,  lying  on  the  south  side  of  Coopers 
Creek,  and  deeded  by  Turner,  December  30,  1693, 
to  the  Carpenters, — a  tract  still  locally  known  as 
the  Carpenter  tract.  The  remainder  of  the  Turner 
survey  Joseph  had  purchased  a  short  time  before 
of  John  Colley,and  on  the  13th  of  December,  1702, 
he  purchased  ten  acres  adjoining  this  land  of 
Archibald  Mickle.  These  three  pieces  of  land, 
purchased  of  Carpenter,  Colley  and  Mickle,  as 
stated,  Joseph  Cooper  conveyed  to  his  son  Joseph, 
Jr.,  by  deed  dated  June  16,  1714. 

Joseph  Cooper,  Jr.  (born  1691,  died  1749), 
married,  1713,  Mary  Hudson,  daughter  of  William 
and  Hannah,  of  Philadelphia.  She  died  1728, 
leaving  him  one  child,  Mary,  who  married,  1737, 
Jacob  Howell,  Jr.  Mary  Howell  died  before  her  hus- 
band, leaving  to  his  care  three  daughters — Lydia, 
who  married  John  Wharton;  Hannah,  who  died 
unmarried;  and  Mary,  who  married  Benjamin 
Swett.  In  his  will  Joseph,  Jr.,  directed  that  a 
tract  of  five  hundred  acres,  on  the  north  side  of 
the  south  branch  of  Coopers  Creek,  which  came  to 
him  from  his  grandfather,  William,  the  emigrant, 
should  be  divided  into  three  parts  for  the  use  and 
benefit  of  his  three  granddaughters.  By  his  sec- 
ond wife,  Hannah  Dent,  there  was  no  issue.  The 
large  tract  of  four  hundred  and  thirty  acres,  on 
south  side  of  Coopers  Creek,  deeded  to  him  by  his 
father  in  1714,  passed  under  his  will  to  his  younger 
brother,  Isaac  Cooper  and  the  same  has  since  passed 
through  an  heir,  female,  to  the  descendants  of  Israel 
Cope,  of  Philadelphia.  Joseph  Cooper,  Jr.,  rep- 
resented his  district  in  the  State  Legislature  for 


nineteen  years,  and  held  other  important  official 
and  religious  trusts.  He  died  Eighth  Month  1, 
1749. 

Joseph  Cooper,  Sr.,  son  of  William,  purchased 
one  hundred  and  sixty-seven  acres  of  land  (ad- 
joining the  Turner  survey)  and  other  lands  of  Jo- 
■  seph  Dole,  November  19,  1723,  and  conveyed  the 
same,  January  27,  1728,  to  his  son,  Isaac  Cooper, 
who,  by  will  dated  in  1765,  devised  it  to  his  son 
Marmaduke,  who,  upon  obtaining  possession,  built 
the  two-story  and  attic  brick  building,  with  exten- 
sion. This  residence  still  stands  on  the  Haddon 
pike,  near  Coopers  CTreek  and  west  of  the  Harleigh 
Cemetery.  These  lands  have  also  passed  to  the 
name  Cope. 

Marmaduke  Cooper,  the  only  son  of  Isaac  and 
Hannah  (Coates)  Cooper,  married  Mary  Jones, 
daughter  of  Aquila  and  Elizabeth  Jones,  and  had 
Lydia,  who  died  1817,  aged  twenty-nine,  unmar- 
ried ;  Hannah,  who  died  1851,  aged  seventy-one, 
unmarried;  Margaret,  born  1781,  who  married 
Israel  Cope,  of  Philadelphia ;  Isaac,  born  1785, 
died  1844,  unmarried ;  Elizabeth,  who  died  1811, 
aged  twenty-one,  unmarried ;  Ann,  who  died  in 
1816,  aged  twenty-four,  unmarried;  and  Joseph, 
born  1794,  who  died  in  his  minority  and  unmar- 
ried. Marmaduke,  by  will,  October  21,  1795,  de- 
vised all  of  his  lands  in  Newton  township  to  his 
son  Joseph  (born  1794),  who  died  in  his  minority 
and  unmarried,  when  it  passed  to  Isaac  (born 
1785),  who  died  in  1844,  also  unmarried,  when  the 
same  fell  by  inheritance  to  Hannah,  the  surviving 
sister  of  Isaac,  and  to  the  children  of  his  deceased 
sister,  Margaret  Cope.  Israel  and  Margaret 
(Cooper)  Cope  had  five  children — Mary  Ann,  who 
married  Stephen  P.  Morris  and  died  without  issue; 
Marmaduke  C,  who  married  Sarah  Wistar;  Eme- 
line,  who  died  unmarried;  Elizabeth  C,  who 
married  William  M.  Collins ;  and  Lydia,  who 
died  unmarried. 

Joseph  Cooper,  Sr.,  received  from  his  father, 
William,  the  first  settler,  by  deed  dated  August 
24,  1700,  a  tract  of  land  of  one  hundred  and  sixty- 
ibur  acres  and  "  his  house  in  which  he  liveth,"  on 
Coopers  Creek,  being  part  of  the  original  survey, 
and  on  the  18th  of  February,  1708,  his  father  con- 
veyed to  him  two  hundred  and  twelve  acres  of 
land  at  Coopers  Point,  being  the  remainder  of  the 
original  survey,  together  with  all  appurtenances, 
etc.,  and  on  the  2d  of  May,  1728,  Joseph  Cooper, 
Sr.,  conveyed  the  last- mentioned  tract  of  two  hun- 
dred and  twelve  acres  to  his  son,  Benjamin  Cooper. 

Benjamin  Cooper,  son  of  Joseph,  Sr.,  was  three 
times  married,  as  heretofore  stated.  By  his  first 
wife  (Rachel  Mickle)  he  had  two  daughters,  both 


THE  CITY  OP  CAMDEN. 


409 


of  whom  married  Woods,  of  Philadelphia.  By 
his  second  wife  (Hannah)  there  was  no  issue,  and 
it  was  during  this  marriage,  or  in  contemplation 
of  this  marriage  with  Hannah  Carlisle,  that  he 
erected  the  brick  mansion  at  the  Poiat,  which 
bears  on  its  gable  end  the  legend,  "B.  +  H.  C, 
1734."  By  his  third  wife  (Elizabeth  Cole)  he  had 
seven  children — Joseph,  of  Newton,  born  1735, 
married  Elizabeth  Haines  and  died  childless; 
Benjamin,  of  Haddonfield,  born  1737,  married 
Prudence  Barton;  James,  of  Philadelphia,  born 
1739,  married  Sarah  Erwin,  and,  secondly,  Han- 
nah Saunders;  Samuel,  of  Newton,  born  1744, 
married  Prudence  Brown ;  William,  of  Waterford, 
born  1746,  married  Ann  Folwell ;  Isaac,  of  Phila- 
delphia, born  1751,  married  Elizabeth  Lippincott ; 
and  Elizabeth,  born  1756,  married  George  Budd. 

The  old  dwelling-house  of  Benjamin  Cooper, 
mentioned  above,  still  standing  near  the  corner  of 
Point  and  Erie  Streets,  being  surrounded  by  a  gar- 
den of  several  acres,  was  in  later  years  used  as  a 
pleasure  resort  by  the  old  residents  of  Camden  Vil- 
lage, Kaighnton,  Dogwoodtown,  Fettersville  and 
Coopers  Ferry.  Many  of  the  old  trees  and  a  por- 
tion of  the  shrubbery  of  this  garden  may  yet  be 
seen,  but  are  now  on  the  property  of  house-owners 
in  the  vicinity.  The  mansion  is  built  of  stone,  has 
two  stories  and  attic,  with  hip-roof  and  dormer- 
windows.  The  dimensions  are  twenty-four  by  for- 
ty-five feet,  with  L  extension  of  stone  and  brick 
twenty-four  by  twenty -seven  feet,  and  on  the  front 
and  river-side  are  wide  piazzas.  There  are  fifteen 
large  rooms  in  the  mansion.  It  was  used  in  1778 
by  the  British  General  Abercrombie  as  his  head- 
quarters, and  when  not  occupied  by  their  forces, 
was  a  favorite  target  for  the  practice  of  the  Eng- 
lish cannoneers  from  the  Pennsylvania  side  of  the 
river.  In  the  attic  is  a  red-oak  girder  cut  and 
splintered  by  a  twelve-pound  shot  which  entered 
the  roof,  struck  the  girder  and  fell  to  the  floor. 
This  shot  is  in  possession  of  Samuel  C.  Cooper,  of 
State  Street.  This  mansion  was  long  the  residence 
of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth  (Haines)  Cooper,  he  be- 
ing the  eldest  son  of  Benjamin. 

The  two  hundred  and  twelve  acres  of  land  which 
Benjamin  obtained  from  his  father,  Joseph,  Sr., 
was  conveyed  by  him  to  his  sons  Joseph  and  Sam- 
uel, the  bulk  of  the  property,  one  hundred  and 
twenty-two  acres,  going  to  Joseph,  by  deed  dated 
July  31, 1762,  but  Samuel,  in  1669,  received  in  ad- 
dition forty-four  acres,  at  and  near  the  ferry,  to- 
gether with  all  ferry  rights  and  privileges,  and  the 
next  year  he  built  the  brick  ferry-house,  which 
bears  initsgable-wallstheinitials  "  S.  +  P.  C,  1770," 
which  stands  for  Samuel  and  Prudence  Cooper. 


Joseph  Cooper,  son  of  Benjamin,  built  upon  his 
one  hundred  and  twenty-two  acres,  at  the  Point, 
the  brick  house  near  the  river  at  the  head  of  Third 
Street.  It  is  constructed  of  English  brick,  alter- 
nately red  and  white,  and  has  two  stories  and  an 
attic,  thirty-six  by  eighteen  feet,  and  contains 
nine  rooms.  A  lean-to  at  the  rear  is  fourteen  by 
eighteen  and  one  story  high.  It  contains  the  re- 
mains of  the  old  Dutch  bake-oven  of  the  period 
when  the  house  was  built.  On  the  north  end,  work- 
ed in  black  bricks,  is  seen  the  inscription, 

C  which,  interpreted,  means  Joseph  and  Eliz- 
I  4-  E  abeth  (Haines)  Cooper.  The  house  is  pop- 
1788  ularly  known  as  the  ICE-house,  and  is  now 
dilapidated  and  unoccupied.  Joseph  Coop- 
er, by  deed  dated  November  17,  1817,  devised  the 
said  one  hundred  and  twenty-two  acres  to  his 
grand-nephew,  Joseph  W.  Cooper,  son  of  William, 
son  of  Samuel. 

The  house  built  by  Samuel  Cooper  was  the  sec- 
ond ferry-house  built  at  the  Point.  It  has  two 
stories  and  an  attic,  with  dormer-windows,  built  of 
old  English  red  and  black  brick,  and  has  a  front 
of  sixty-three  feet  on  State  Street,  with  an  L  ex- 
tension on  the  side  next  to  the  river,  making  the 
entire  length  seventy-five  feet.  There  are  twenty- 
four  large  rooms  in  this  mansion,  which  is  still  in 
good  condition,  has  been  known  as  Coopers  Point 
Hotel,  and  in  part  is  now  used  as  offices  of  the 
Camden  and  Atlantic  Eailroad  Company. 

Samuel  Cooper,  son  of  Benjamin  and  Elizabeth 
(Cole)  Cooper,  was  born  Ninth  Month  25,  1744, 
and  died  Sixth  Month  25,  1812.  He  married,  at 
Evesham  Meeting,  in  1766,  Prudence,  daughter  of 
William  and  Elizabeth  (Haines)  Brown,  of  Notting- 
ham, Pa.  His  wife.  Prudence,  survived  him, 
and  died  Eighth  Month  14,  1822.  For  many 
years  they  had  resided  on  his  farm  called  "  Plea- 
sant View,"  now  Pavonia,  in  Stockton  town- 
ship. They  had  children, — Joseph,  born  1767, 
married  Sarah  P.  Buckley,  of  New  York;  Wil- 
liam, married  Eebecca  Wills;  Mary,  born  1766, 
married  Richard  M.  Cooper,  of  Camden ;  Sarah, 
married  Henry  Hull,  a  minister,  of  New  York ; 
Benjamin,  born  1775,  married  Elizabeth  Wills; 
and  Elizabeth,  who  died  unmarried.  When  Sam- 
uel withdrew  from  business,  about  1790,  and  re- 
tired to  "  Pleasant  View,"  he  turned  over  the  con- 
trol and  management  of  the  upper  ferry  and  the 
ferry  property  to  his  son  William,  and  during  the 
same  period  the  lower  ferry,  at  Cooper  Street, 
was  owned  and  managed  by  a  cousin  bearing  the 
same  name, — William,  the  son  of  Daniel. 

William,  the  manager  of  the  upper  ferry,  at  the 
Point,  was  an  active  business  man,  and  kept  pace 


410 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


with  the  progress  of  the  times  in  all  things  that 
pertained  to  and  facilitated  ferrying.  In  later  years 
he  leased  the  ferry  and  the  ferry-house,  and  re- 
sided in  the  old  brick  house  on  State  Street,  built 
in  1789,  and  now  occupied  by  Mrs.  Sarah  Gaskill 
and  Eachel  Cooper,  his  daughters.  The  ferry  and 
the  ferry  property  eventually  passed  to  Joseph  W. 
Cooper,  son  of  the  last-named  William,  who  con- 
tinued it  until  the  property  was  obtained  and  in- 
corporated by  the  Coopers  Point  Ferry  Company. 
The  land  lying  along  the  south  side  of  the  ferry 
property  was  left  by  William  Cooper  (son  of  Sam- 
uel), of  the  upper  ferry,  to  his  two  grandsons,  Wil- 
liam and  Samuel,  the  sons  of  Samuel  H.  Cooper, 
who  married  Hannah  Wood,  and  deceased  in  year 
1827,  and  before  his  father,  William,  who  died 
Ninth  Month  27,  1849. 

The  title  to  the  bulk  of  the  property  lying  north 
of  Birch  and  Pearl  Streets  and  west  of  the  Isaac 
Cooper  estate,  has  passed  through,  or  is  still  re- 
tained in,  the  following  lines,  descending  from  the 
above  Samuel  and  Prudence  Cooper  : 

First  line. — Joseph  and  Sarah  P.  (Buckley) 
Cooper,  had  one  posthumous  child,  Joseph  B. 
(born  1794,  died  1862),  who  married  Hannah  Wills 
and  left  two  sons — (1)  Charles  M.,  (2)  Joseph  B. 

Second  line.  —  William  and  Eebecca  (Wills) 
Cooper  had  eight  children — I.  Samuel  H.  (born 
1797,  died  1827),  who  married  Hannah  Wood  and 
left  two  sons  (1)  William,  (2)  Samuel;  11.  Joseph 
W.  (born  1799,  died  1871),  who  married  Eebecca 
F.  Champion  and  had  eight  children — (1)  Joseph, 
(2)  Elizabeth  C,  (3)  Samuel  C,  (4)  Anna  M.,  (5) 
Mary,  (6)  Joseph  W.,  (7)  Ellen  C.  and  (8)  Walter 
M. ;  III.  Mary  W.,  who  married  William  F. 
Reeve;  IV.  Hannah,  died  unmarried;  V.  Eliza- 
beth H.,  who  married  Isaac  H.  Wood ;  VI.  Sarah, 
who  married  Charles  C.  Gaskill;  VII.  Rachel; 
VIII.  Prudence  B.,  who  married  Emmor  Reeve. 

Third  line. — Benjamin  (born  1775,  died  1842), 
who  married  Elizabeth  Wills  and  had  six  children 
— I.  Samuel,  who  died  unmarried;  II.  Rebecca  W., 
who  married  John  M.Kaighn  ;  III.  Prudence,  who 
died  unmarried ;  IV.  Benjamin  W.,  who  married 
Lydia  Lippincott  and  had  (1)  Samuel,  (2)  Benja- 
min, (3)  Clayton,  (4)  Anna ;  V.  William  B.,  who 
married  Phebe  Mendenhall,  nie  Emlen. 

Samuel  C.  Cooper,  lawyer,  of  State  Street,  is 
the  sou  of  Joseph  W.  Cooper,  deceased,  who  was 
the  devisee  of  his  great  uncle,  Joseph  Cooper. 
The  lands  at  the  Point,  north  of  Pearl  Street,  were 
laid  out  in  town  lots  in  1852  by  the  heirs  of  William 
Cooper,  and  by  Joseph  W.  Cooper.  The  property 
lying  east  of  the  Joseph  W.  Cooper  tract  is  held  by 
the  heirs  of  Isaac  Cooper,  son  of  Joseph,  Sr. 


Daniel  Cooper,  the  youngest  son  of  William 
Cooper,  the  first  settler,  was  about  seven  years  of 
age  when  he  came  with  his  parents  to  this  county. 
When  twenty  years  of  age,  and  in  1693,  he  married 
Abigail,  daughter  of  Henry  Wood,  who  then  re- 
sided on  the  north  side  of  Coopers  Creek,  near  the 
home  of  Lemuel  Horner.  On  March  16,  1695, 
William  conveyed  to  his  son  Daniel,  "  in  consider- 
ation of  y"  natural  love  and  affection  which  I  have 
and  bear  toward  my  son  Daniel  Cooper,  and  for 
and  towards  y°  preferring  and  advancement  of  him 
in  y''  world,  &c.,  all  that  dwelling-house  upon  Del- 
aware River  wherein  my  said  son  now  dwelleth, 
together  with  114  acres  of  land  thereto  adjoining, 
which  said  premises  were  by  me  formerly  pur- 
chased of  William  Roydon."  This  passed  the  ferry 
rights  and  privileges  which  had  been  granted  to 
Roydon  by  the  Gloucester  County  Court  in  1688, 
the  franchise  extending  from  Coopers  Creek  to 
Newton  Creek.  In  1717  the  Legislature  of  Penn- 
sylvania passed  an  act  establishing  a  ferry  to 
"  Daniel  Cooper's  landing,"  and  January  21, 1739, 
all  of  these  rights  were  confirmed  by  royal  patent 
to  William  Cooper,  son  of  Daniel,  and  a  monopoly 
thereby  created  giving  the  exclusive  right  of  ferry 
for  two  miles  above  and  two  miles  below,  without 
limit  of  time  and  for  a  nominal  tax.  The  above- 
mentioned  conveyance  of  William  Cooper  to  his 
son  Daniel  also  included  four  separate  parcels  of 
land  situated  on  Coopers  Creek,  Timber  Creek, 
and  the  Delaware  River,  amounting  together  to 
about  one  thousand  acres. 

Abigail,  the  wife  of  Daniel  Cooper,  died  the 
next  year  after  marriage,  leaving  one  child, 
William,  who  became  the  heir  of  his  father's 
estate,  and  from  whom  all  the  Coopers  in  this 
line  living  in  this  vicinity  descend.  In  1695 
Daniel  married  Sarah  Spicer,  the  daughter  of 
Samuel,  who  lived  on  the  north  side  of  Coopers 
Creek,  adjoining  Henry  Wood.  By  her  he  had 
two  children,  Samuel  and  Daniel,  and  died  in 
1715  intestate,  his  eldest  son,  William,  by  the 
English  law  of  primogeniture,  inheriting  his  es- 
tate, which  had  been  kept  intact  as  conveyed  to 
him  by  his  father,  the  first  William,  in  1695. 
Prompted  by  a  sense  of  fairness,  William  conveyed 
of  his  inheritance  to  his  half-brothers,  Samuel 
and  William  respectively,  two  hundred  and 
twenty-seven  acres  in  Waterford  township  and 
a  large  tract  on  the  head- waters  of  the  north 
branch  of  Coopers  Creek.  On  March  20,  1715,— 
the  year  of  his  father's  death — William  purchased 
thirty-eight  acres  fronting  on  Coopers  Creek.  In 
1722  he  bought  out  and  obtained  releases  from  the 
residuary  devisees  of  all  interests  and  claims  on  the 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


411 


estate  of  their  grandfather  William,  the  first  settler, 
and  in  1723,  as  mentioned  above,  the  three  hun- 
dred acres  of  the  Eoydon  survey,  thus  vesting  in 
himself  nearly  five  hundred  acres  of  the  valuable 
Delaware  River  front  lying  between  the  present 
Line  and  Birch  Streets,  together  with  the  ferry 
privileges  originally  obtained  by  Eoydon  in  1688. 
In  1744  he  conveyed  to  his  son  Daniel  one  hundred 
acres,  comprising  land  mostly  below  or  south  of 
Plum  (now  Arch)  Street,  and  in  1764  one  hundred 
acres  lying  between  Plum  and  Cooper  Streets  to  his 
son  Jacob,  who,  in  1773,  laid  out  forty  acres  of  the 
same  into  a  town  plot  and  gave  it  the  name  of 
Camden. 

William  Cooper  (born  1694,  died  1767),  son  of 
Daniel,  had  by  his  first  wife,  Deborah  Medcalf,  five 
children,— Daniel  married  Mary  West,  Jacob  mar- 
ried Mary  Corker,  Abigail  married  William  Fisher, 
Deborah  married  Restore  Lippincott  and  Mary 
married  Jonathan  Lynn, — and  by  a  second  wife 
Mary  Eawle,  he  had  one  child,  Rebecca,  who  died 
unmarried. 

During  the  latter  part  of  his  life  he  resided  in 
Philadelphia,  where  he  owned  considerable  real 
estate.  By  his  will  the  balance  of  his  Delaware 
front  estate,  lying  north  of  Cooper  Street  to  Pearl 
Street  and  from  the  river  to  Seventh  Street,  passed 
to  his  grandson,  William,  the  eldest  son  of  his  son 
Daniel. 

Daniel  Cooper,  who,  as  above  mentioned,  re- 
ceived one  hundred  acres  from  his  father,  William, 
in  1744,  built  the  large  brick  house  lately  known 
as  Parson's  Hotel,  now  demolished,  near  the  cor- 
ner of  Front  and  Federal  Streets,  where  he  re- 
sided. On  its  gable  was  inscribed  the  initials,  "  D. 
0.  M.,  1764," — i.  e.  Daniel  and  Mary  Cooper. 
Daniel  Cooper,  son  of  William,  married  Mary, 
daughter  of  Charles  and  Sarah  (Parsons)  West,  of 
Philadelphia,  and  had  three  sons, — William,  who 
married  Abigail  Matlack ;  James,  who  married 
Priscilla  Burrough ;  and  Joshua,  who  married  Abi- 
gail Stokes. 

His  son  William  (born  1740,  died  1787),  who 
married  Abigail  Matlack,  daughter  of  Richard  and 
Mary  (Wood)  Matlack,  had  five  children,  to  wit : 
(1)  Daniel  (born  1766,  died  1804),  who  married 
first  Elizabeth  Rogers,  and  secondly  Deborah 
Middleton;  (2)  Richard  Matlack  Cooper  (born 
1768,  died  1844),  who  married  Mary  Cooper;  (3) 
Charles  W.,  who  married  Susan  Flemming,  and 
died  without  issue ;  (4)  Mary,  who  married  Sam- 
uel Volans  of  Philadelphia ;  and  (5)  Sarah  W., 
who  married  Samuel  W.  Fisher,  of  Philadelphia. 
■  By  will  dated  February  15,  1768,  Daniel  Cooper 
devised  the  ferry  property  and  adjacent  land  to  his 


sons,  William  and  Joshua.  Daniel  married  Mary 
West,  daughter  of  Charles  West,  of  Philadelphia, 
and  died  in  1776,  leaving  three  sons, — William, 
James  and  Joshua.  Jacob  Cooper,  who  received 
one  hundred  acres  from  his  father,  William,  in  1764, 
after  laying  out  the  town  plot  of  Camden,  as  men- 
tioned above,  sold  the  remainder  of  his  holding 
October  10,  1781,  to  his  nephew,  William  Cooper, 
the  son  of  his  brother  Daniel.  This  remainder 
lay  mainly  south  of  Federal  Street  to  Line,  and  east 
of  West  Street,  towards  Coopers  Creek,  and  is 
known  as  Coopers  Hill,  a  name  applied  to  that 
ground  rising  from  the  marsh  west  of  Fourth 
Street,  and  south  of  Bridge  Avenue,  forming  a 
knoll  then  covered  with  stately  oak  and  pine-trees 
and  having  on  the  eastern  slope  a  magnificent 
apple  orchard.  Upon  this  hill  stands  the  City 
Hall,  the  Cooper  Hospital,  the  Haddon  Avenue 
Station  and  many  fine  private  residences.  In  1776 
Jacob  Cooper  gave  to  five  trustees  and  their  suc- 
cessors the  lots  on  Plum  (now  Arch)  Street,  at  the 
corner  of  Fifth  and  Sixth  Streets,  in  trust  to  erect  a 
place  of  worship  and  make  a  grave-yard.  Joshua 
Cooper,  the  youngest  son  of  Daniel,  and  grandson 
of  Wm.  Cooper,  of  Philadelphia,  inherited  from  his 
father  a  portion  of  his  land  south  from  Plum 
Street  (now  Arch  Street,)  and  in  1803  laid  out  a 
town  plot  adjoining  that  of  his  uncle  Jacobs — town 
of  Camden.  He  established  the  ferry  at  the  foot  of 
Federal  Street,  and  placed  it  under  the  manage- 
ment of  his  son  William,  but  finally  sold  it  to  John 
D.  Wessels.  In  1818  Joshua  conveyed  to  Edward 
Sharp  ninety-eight  acres  of  laud  lying  along  the 
river  and  south  of  Federal  Street,  which  termi- 
nated his  interest  in  this  locality.  He  built  and 
resided  in  the  house  No.  224  Federal  Street,  now 
occupied  by  the  Camden  Safe  Deposit  Company  ; 
afterward  removed  with  his  family  to  New  Albany, 
Ind.  Wm.  Cooper,  the  eldest  son  of  Daniel,  in- 
herited from  his  grandfather,  Wm.  Cooper,  of  Phila- 
delphia, "  the  plantation  called  Cooper's  Ferry, 
wherein  my  son  Daniel  now  dwells,"  which,  with 
other  lands  purchased  from  his  uncle,  Jacob 
Cooper,  comprised  the  large  territory  extending 
from  the  Delaware  River  to  Sixth  Street,  between 
Cooper  and  Pearl  Streets,  and  from  West  Street  to 
Coopers  Creek,  between  Federal  and  Line  Streets. 
He  died  in  1787,  and  by  will  divided  the  bulk  of 
his  real  estate  between  his  sons,  Daniel  and  Rich- 
ard M.  Cooper,  the  land  at  the  foot  of  Cooper 
Street,  to  which  belonged  the  ferry  franchise,  pass- 
ing to  Daniel,  who  died  intestate  in  1804,  leaving 
three  daughters,— Mary  Ann,  who  afterwards  mar- 
ried William  Carman,  Abigail  and  Esther  L.,— 
whose  shares  in  their  father's  estate  were  set  off  to 


412 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


them  in  severalty  in  1820,  with  the  exception  of 
the  share  of  Mary  Ann  Carman,  which  was  divided 
among  and  sold  by  her  heirs.  The  remainder  of 
Wm.  Cooper's  estate  vesting  in  Richard  M.  Cooper 
and  his  nieces,  Abigail  and  Esther  L.  Cooper,  has 
been  kept  intact  and  managed  as  one  property  for 
their  mutual  benefit,  first  by  Richard  M.  Cooper 
and  after  his  death,  in  1844,  by  his  son,  William 
D.  Cooper,  who  had,  in  1842,  laid  out  into  town 
lots  the  land  between  West  Street,  Broadway,  Pine 
Street  and  nearly  to  Benson  Street,  known  as 
Cooper's  Hill.  The  Cooper  Street  Ferry,  after 
varying  fortunes,  with  team  and  steamboats,  was 
finally  discontinued  soon  after  the  establishment  of 
the  West  Jersey  Ferry  at  the  foot  of  Market  Street, 
having  been  for  many  years  an  unprofitable  asset 
of  Abigail  Cooper's  share. 

The  lands  lying  north  of  Cooper  Street,  between 
that  street  and  Pearl  Street,  and  eastward  as  far 
as  Sixth  Street,  were  laid  out  into  town  lots  before 
1852,  and  mainly  by  Wm.  D.  Cooper. 

Richard  M.  Cooper  (born  1768,  died  1844)  mar- 
ried Mary,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Prudence 
(Brown)  Cooper,  of  Coopers  Point,  and  they  had 
children, — (1)  Sarah  West  Cooper,  who  died  1880, 
unmarried;  (2)  Elizabeth  Brown  Cooper;  (3) 
Caroline  Cooper,  who  married  John  C.  Hull,  of 
New  York  City ;  (4)  Abigail  Matlack  Cooper,  who 
married  Richard  Wright,  of  Philadelphia ;  (5) 
Alexander  Cooper,  who  married  first,  Hannah 
Cooper,  and  secondly,  Mary  H.  Kay,  (ne^  Lippin- 
cott) ;  (6)  Mary  Volans  Cooper,  who  died  1855, 
unmarried ;  (7  and  8)  Richard  Matlack  Cooper  and 
William  Daniel  Cooper,  twins,  who  both  died 
unmarried,  Richard  M.  in  1874,  and  William  D. 
in  1875. 

John  Cooper  and  his  Sons. — John  Cooper, 
the  only  son  of  William  Cooper,  eldest  son  of 
William  and  Margaret  Cooper,  of  Coopers  Point, 
was  born  at  Salem,  Ninth  Month  22,  1683.  His 
father  died  in  his  thirty-second  year,  in  1691, 
leaving  him  to  the  fostering  care  of  his  grand- 
father Cooper. 

John  Cooper  and  his  cousin,  Joseph  Cooper,  Jr., 
received  as  joint  tenants  from  their  grandfather 
William  in  his  lifetime,  a  large  improved  tract  on 
the  creek,  near  its  mouth,  which  had  been  surveyed 
to  him  as  an  overplus  of  the  original  survey. 
This  land  they  sold  and  conveyed,  in  1715,  to 
their  cousin  William,  son  and  heir  of  Daniel.  By 
his  grandfather's  will  he  received  a  handsome  leg- 
acy, and  he  and  his  cousin,  Jonathan  Woblstone, 
were  made  tenants  in  common  of  all  land  belong- 
ing to  him  as  the  third  dividend  "  out  of  the  one- 
eighth  part  and  one-twentieth  part  of  a  Propriety." 


In  addition  to  this,  John  was  the  heir  to  three 
hundred  acres  on  a  stream  called  Coopers  Creek, 
the  largest  branch  of  Alloways  Creek,  deeded  to 
his  mother,  Mary,  by  her  father,  Edward  Bradway. 

With  this  liberal  start  in  life,  John  Cooper  mar- 
ried. Eleventh  Month  1,  1711-12,  in  Chesterfield 
Meeting,  Anne  Clarke,  and  soon  after  settled  per- 
manently in  Deptford  township,  Gloucester 
County. 

He  was  early  called  to  the  services  in  the  meeting 
in  1711,  and  meetings  for  worship  were  for  some 
time  held  at  his  house ;  and  together  with  his  cousin 
Joseph,  Jr.,  and  William  Evans,  acted  as  the  first 
three  trustees  of  Haddonfield  Meeting  in  1721, 
and  was  soon  appointed  to  the  station  of  an  elder, 
"  for  which  his  religious  experience  and  a  divine 
gift  had  qualified  him."  He  was  a  public  Friend 
of  much  weight,  and  frequently  traveled  in  the 
ministry.  A  memorial  was  issued  by  the  Glouces- 
ter and  Salem  Quarterly  Meeting,  held  at  Had- 
donfield in  1756,  in  which  the  above  and  the  fol- 
lowing clear  testimony  is  borne  :  "  He  was  often 
concerned  for  the  well  ordering  of  the  church  in 
its  several  branches,  carefiil  to  demean  himself  as 
became  an  humble  follower  of  the  Lamb,  show- 
ing it  clearly  by  his  good  example  among  men 
and  in  a  particular  manner  before  his  own  family. 
.  .  .  He  departed  this  life  the  22nd  day  of  9th 
mo.  1730,  in  the  48th  year  of  his  age."  His  widow, 
Anne,  died  Twelfth  Month  17, 1766.  They  had  three 
sons, — James  and  David  who  were  distinguished 
as  ministers  among  Friends,  and  John,  provided 
for  in  his  father's  will  as  "  a  child  unborn,"  was 
prominent  as  a  delegate  to  the  First  Continental 
Congress  in  1776.  The  testimony  from  Woodbury 
Monthly  Meeting  concerning  James  Cooper  sets 
forth  that  "  In  the  41st  year  of  his  age  he  appear- 
ed in  the  ministry,  in  the  exercise  of  which  he 
was  diffident  and  cautious.  .  .  .  As  he  grew  in 
years  he  increased  in  the  gift  of  the  ministry, 
which  was  sound  and  edifying.  .  .  .  He  had  a 
compassionate  feeling  for  the  poor  and  needy,  be- 
stowing his  goods  cheerfully  to  them,  and  was  lib- 
eral in  entertaining  friends,  his  heart  and  home 
being  open  for  that  purpose.''  He  died  at  Wood- 
bury Eighth  Month  3, 1798,  in  his  seventy-first  year. 
His  brother,  David  Cooper,  also  a  minister,  died 
Eleventh  Month  5, 1795,  in  his  seventy-second  yeai, 
and  the  memorial  published  by  the  same  meeting 
on  occasion  of  his  death,  bears  testimony  that  "He 
was  endowed  with  superior  talents,  was  a  useful 
member  in  the  community,  in  religious  meetings 
he  was  solid  and  weighty,  sound  in  judgment  and 
clear  in  expression.  He  was  a  firm  advocate  for' 
the  liberty  of  the  black  people  and  a  liberal  pro- 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


413 


moter  of  schools."  David  Cooper  was  tte  author 
of  "  Thoughts  on  Death,"  and  of  "  Counsel  and 
Instruction  to  his  Grandchildren."  In  1761  he 
represented  his  county  in  the  General  Assembly. 
In  the  Pemberton  letters,  1764,  it  appears  that 
David  was  interested  in  the  Moravian  Indians  as 
their  friend  and  protector. 

John  Cooper,  the  third  son,  was  born  Jan- 
uary 5,  1729,  in  Deptford  township,  Gloucester 
County,  about  one  mile  below  Woodbury.  Some 
time  prior  to  the  Eevolution  he  built  and  moved 
into  the  iine  old-fashioned  brick  house  in  Wood- 
bury, opposite  the  county  clerk's  oifice,  where 
he  lived  the  remainder  of  his  life  a  bachelor.  At 
the  outset  of  the  Eevolution  he  embraced  the 
cause  of  the  colonies  with  fervor,  and  when  the  Com- 
mittee of  Correspondence  for  Gloucester  County 
was  formed,  on  May  5,  1775,  he  was  chosen  one  of 
the  members.  Thenceforth  until  his  death  he  was, 
with  hardly  an  intermission,  continuously  called 
to  fill  important  public  offices  of  trust  and  respon- 
sibility. He  was  elected  to  the  Second  Provincial 
Congress  that  met  at  Trenton,  May  23,  1775,  and 
re-elected  to  the  Third. 

On  the  last  day  of  the  first  session  of  the  latter 
he  was  appointed  treasurer  for  the  Western  Divi- 
sion of  New  Jersey,  and  at  the  second  session  was, 
on  February  14,  1776,  chosen  a  delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress,  his  associates  being  William 
Livingston,  John  De  Hart,  Eichard  Smith  and 
Jonathan  Dickinson  Seargeant.  His  name  does 
not  appear  on  the  published  minutes  of  this  Con- 
gress audit  is  uncertain  whether  he  attended  or  not. 

It  is  certain  that  he  did  not  attend  after  the 
meeting  of  the  Fourth  Provincial  Congress,  to 
which  he  had  been  again  chosen,  and  where  he 
was  in  daily  attendance  from  its  opening,  on  the 
10th  of  June,  1776,  to  the  15th  of  July,  when  he 
was  compelled  to  leave,  it  is  said,  from  sickness. 
While  there  he  took  a  prominent  and  decided  part 
in  its  proceedings,  being  appointed  one  of  the  com- 
mittee to  draft  a  Constitution  for  the  new  States, 
and  chairman  of  the  committee  to  prepare  a  bill 
regulating  the  first  election  under  that  Constitution, 
and  voting  on  the  21st  of  June  to  establish  an  in- 
dependent government  for  the  colony,  and  on 
Tuesday,  July  2d,  for  the  adoption  of  the  new 
Constitution  he  had  helped  to  draft. 

At  the  first  election  held  under  the  new  Consti- 
tution he  was  chosen  by  the  people  of  Gloucester 
County  to  represent  them  in  the  Legislative  Coun- 
cil. He  and  Eichard  Smith,  who  were  the  only 
members  who  took  the  affirmation  of  Friends,  were 
appointed  by  the  Council  its  representatives  on  the 
joint  committee  to  form  the  Great  Seal  of  the  State. 
49 


Thus  publicly  assuming  his  share  of  the  respon- 
sibilities of  the  American  cause,  he  had  become  so 
marked  a  "rebel"  that  in  the  winter  of  1777,  when 
the  British  army  was  foraging  in  Gloucester 
County,  he  was  compelled  to  flee  from  his  house, 
which  Lord  Cornwallis  seized  and  occupied  as 
headquarters  during  the  stay  of  his  army  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Woodbury,  the  soldiers  prying 
open  the  doors  and  cupboards  with  their  bayonets, 
leaving  marks  that  can  still  be  seen. 

He  was  continued  by  successive  elections  a  mem- 
ber of  Council  for  each  year  until  1782,  being  a 
diligent  and  leading  member,  rarely  absent  from 
his  seat.  There  is  scarcely  a  day  when  his  name 
does  not  appear  on  the  minutes  in  active  participa- 
tion in  the  busy  and  difficult  affairs  of  the  times  ; 
no  member  being  oftener  appointed  on  prominent 
committees  and  none  reporting  more  important 
measures  for  the  carrying  on  of  the  government 
than  he. 

During  the  recess  of  the  Legislature  in  1779, 
moved  by  the  great  sufiering  of  the  officers  and 
troops  of  the  Jersey  brigade  stationed  at  Eliza- 
bethtown  for  the  want  of  sufficient  clothing,  he 
joined  with  Governor  Livingston  and  seven  others 
in  a  request  to  the  treasurer  to  furnish  clothing  to 
the  army  in  any  amount  not  exceeding  seven 
thousand  pounds,  agreeing  to  return  that  sum  of 
money  to  the  treasury  if  the  Legislature  should 
make  no  provision  therefor.  Upon  this  guarantee 
the  clothing  was  furnished  and  the  Legislature,  at 
its  next  sitting,  sanctioned  it.  He  was  chosen  a 
member  of  the  Council  for  Safety  for  the  year 
1778.  At  the  election  by  the  Legislature  in  1783 
he  was  the  candidate  for  Governor  in  opposition 
to  Livingston,  who  was  elected. 

To  him  belongs,  the  credit  of  taking,  while  the 
contest  of  the  colonies  for  their  freedom  was  yet 
undecided,  the  first  step  ever  taken  in  the  Legis- 
lature of  New  Jersey  for  the  freeing  of  the  slaves. 
On  September  21,  1780,  he  introduced  a  bill  enti- 
tled, "An  act  to  abolish  slave-keeping,"  which,  on 
its  second  reading,  after  considerable  debate,  was, 
on  account  of  the  near  close  of  the  session,  post- 
poned for  the  consideration  of  the  next  Legisla- 
ture. Early  in  the  next  session  he  was  careful  to' 
call  the  subject  to  the  attention  of  his  fellow-mem- 
bers by  moving  for  leave  to  bring  in  a  bill  entitled, 
"An  act  to  abolish  slavery  throughout  this  State." 
But  this  was  a  philanthropic  move  too  far  in  ad- 
vance of  the  times  to  be  adopted  by  the  Council, 
and  it  was  lost.  Firm,  however,  in  his  anti-slavery 
convictions,  he  did  not  abandon  the  subject,  but 
waited  until  the  colonies  had  won  their  independ- 
ence before  he  again  urged  it  in  the  Legislature. 


414 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


He  was  not  a  member  of  Council  in  1782  or  1783, 
but  was  once  more  chosen  in  1784  and  on  Novem- 
ber 4th  he  renewed  his  efforts  to  make  New  Jersey 
a  free  State  indeed  by  moving  for  the  appointment 
of  a  joint  committee  to  enter  into  a  "a  free  con- 
ference" on  (among  other  things)  the  subject  of 
the  gradual  abolition  of  slavery  within  this  State. 
But  the  Council  was  still  not  ready  for  so  advanced 
a  step  and  it  was  again  lost. 

At  the  joint  session  held  at  Mount  Holly  in 
December,  1779,  he  was  elected  president,  or  as  it 
was  then  called,  first  judge  of  the  Court  of  Com- 
mon Pleas  of  Gloucester  County  for  the  full  term 
of  five  years.  The  court  minutes  show  that  not- 
withstanding the  claim  upon  his  time  the  frequent 
sessions  of  the  Legislature  caused,  he  was  regularly 
in  attendance  at  every  term  of  the  court.  On  De- 
cember 21,  1784,  he  was  re-elected  first  judge  and 
sat  at  the  term  commencing  on  the  third  Tuesday 
in  March,  1785,  between  which  time  and  the  11th 
day  of  April,  when  his  will  was  proven,  he  died. 
The  exact  date  is  unknown. 

Joseph  Coopee,  Jr.,  of  Newton  township,  Old 
Gloucester  County,  born  in  1691,  was  eldest  son  of 
Joseph  and  Lydia  (Eiggs)  Cooper,  and  grandson 
of  William  and  Margaret,  the  emigrants. 

Joseph,  Jr.,  was  in  many  respects  a  remark- 
able man  and  his  memory  is  well  worthy  of  perpet- 
uation. He  was  early  called  to  places  of  honor 
and  trust,  and  was  continued  in  them  during  life, 
being  emphatically  a  man  of  action  and  affairs. 
For  nineteen  consecutive  years  he  represented  his 
county  in  the  State  Legislature,  "in  a  manner  sat- 
isfactory and  acceptable,  and,"  says  Judge  Clem- 
ent, the  historiographer  of  Newton,  "no  like  con- 
fidence has  been  extended  to  any  representative 
of  the  constituency  of  this  region."  Smith,  the 
historian,  who  knew  him  well,  tells  us  that  "  he  had 
steady  principles  and  a  nobility  of  disposition  and 
fortitude  superior  to  many,"  and  relates,  that  atone 
of  the  tedious  sessions  in  Governor  Morris'  times, 
when  contrariety  of  sentiments  had  long  impeded 
business,  the  Governor,  casually  meeting  the  repre- 
sentative in  the  street,  said  :  "  Cooper,  I  wish  you 
would  go  home  and  send  your  wife."  "  I  will," 
answered  Cooper,  "if  the  Governor  will  do  the 
sameby  his," — an  anecdote  illustrative  of  the  polit- 
ical antagonism  of  the  men,  as  well  as  deservedly 
expressive,  says  Smith,  of  the  estimation  placed 
upon  the  mental  capacity  of  their  respective  wives. 

Cooper  was  also  treasurer  of  his  town  and  judge 
of  the  Gloucester  County  Court.  He  and  his  cousin, 
John  Cooper,  of  Deptford,  a  minister,  with  Wm. 
Evans,  were  the  first  trustees  of  Haddonfield 
Meeting  in  1721,  in  which  meeting  he  was  an  elder. 


being  called  to  the  service  in  1723.  He  resided  on 
a  farm  deeded  to  him  by  his  father  in  1714,  of  four 
hundred  and  thirty  acres  of  land  on  the  south  side 
of  Coopers  Creek,  and  his  house  stands  near  the 
junction  of  the  present  Haddon  and  Kaighn  Ave- 
nues, within  the  city  limits. 

This  plantation  passed  under  his  will,  by  rever- 
sion and  remainder,  to  his  younger  brother  Isaac, 
and  has  since  passed  by  heir  female  to  the  Cope  fam- 
ily. He  died  Eighth  Month  1, 1749,  having  surviv- 
ed all  of  his  descendants  except  three  granddaugh- 
ters. A  plantation  of  six  hundred  acres  on  the 
south  side  of  the  south  branch  of  Coopers  Creek, 
which  came  to  him  from  his  grandfather  William, 
the  patriarch,  he  directed  should  be  divided  into 
three  farms  for  his  granddaughters.  The  farm- 
house on  this  tract  was  built  before  1726,  and 
stands  near  Peterson's  mill,  not  far  from  Ashland 
Station.  The  Haddonfield  Monthly  Meeting,  in 
their  testimonial  published  on  the  occasion  of  his 
death,  have  placed  on  record  ample  evidence  of 
the  high  estimation  in  which  he  was  held  by  the 
Society  of  Friends. 

Joseph  and  Samuel  Coopee,,  of  the  Point.— 
Jos.  Cooper,  born  at  Coopers  Point,  Twelfth  Month 
1,  1736,  a  son  of  Benjamin  and  Elizabeth  (Cole) 
Cooper,  was  fourth  in  descent  from  the  emigrants, 
William  and  Margaret  Cooper.  He  married 
Elizabeth  Haines,  and  occupied  the  brick  home- 
stead house,  a  portion  of  which  yet  stands  on  the 
corner  of  Point  and  Erie  Streets,  bearing  on  one  of 
its  gables  the  legend  "  B.  -1-  H.  C,  1734,"  being  the 
initials  of  his  father,  Benjamin,  and  his  second 
wife,  Hannah,  who  died  without  issue.  In  1788 
Joseph  built  the  brick  home  at  the  Point,  in  the 
gable  of  which  is  set  in  black  brick  the  initials 
"C 

I-f  E 
1788." 
They  lived  in  this  house  to  an  advanced  age,  and 
died  without  issue. 

Mr.  Cooper  was  a  model  farmer  gentleman. 
Possessed  of  an  independent  fortune  and  cultivat- 
ing a  highly  improved  plantation,  he  devoted  his 
time  and  means  to  the  advancement 'of  improve- 
ments in  agriculture  and  general  farming.  His 
orchards  and  grapery  were  most  productive,  and 
probably  were  in  a  higher  state  of  cultivation  than 
any  in  West  Jersey;  he  was  also  the  successful 
introducer  of  fruits  and  vegetables  not  indigenous 
to  the  soil  of  New  Jersey.  Dr.  Pickering  said  of 
him  that  "  he  was  the  shrewdest  man  he  ever 
knew,  and  possessed  of  the  strongest  mind.'' 
His  ability  was  fully  recognized  by  his  neighbors 
and  he  was  much  employed  in  the  church  affairs 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


415 


of  the  Society  of  Friends.  He  and  his  wife, 
Elizabeth,  were  widely  known  for  their  unfailing 
hospitality  and  were  greatly  respected  in  the  com- 
munity at  large.  He  and  his  brother  Samuel 
(born  Sixth  Month  25, 1744)  were  stanch  Whigs  and 
patriots.  They  were  both  imprisoned  by  the  Brit- 
ish and  their  property  burnt,  destroyed  or  appro- 
priated. Their  lands  were  held  by  the  enemy  as 
an  outpost  to  the  army  of  occupation  in  Philadel- 
phia. The  English  General  Abercrombie  occupied 
the  farm-house'of  Joseph  as  headquarters,  while  the 
Hessians  and  Scotch  were  quartered  on  the  property 
of  his  brother  Samuel  at  the  ferry,  who  was  kindly 
allotted  the  use  of  his  own  kitchen  for  the  shelter  of 
his  family.  Samuel,  writing  at  this  dismal  period 
(May,  1778),  says  :  "  I  can  stand  and  see  them  cut, 
pull  down,  burn  and  destroy  all  before  them  and 
not  think  more  of  it  than  I  used  to  think  of  see- 
ing a  shingle  burnt.  When  they  (his  Tory  neigh- 
bors) tell  me  they  will  ruin  me,  I  tell  them  I 
shall  be  able  to  buy  one-half  of  them  in  seven 
years," — a  prediction  literally  fulfilled.  In  the 
same  year  Samuel  was  betrayed  to  the  enemy  by 
one  of  his  domestics,  and  seized  as  a  spy,  was  sent 
to  Philadelphia.  Escaping  from  his  guard  through 
the  influence  of  a  friend,  he  obtained  a  pass  from 
the  general  commanding,  saved  his  neck  and  re- 
joined his  family,  as  he  quaintly  tells  us,  "  to  the 
great  mortification  of  a  great  many  of  my  old 
friends  and  new  enemies,,  who  stood  in  clusters 
and  pointed  at  me  as  I  was  going  to  the  General's, 
and  followed  me  to  see  me  go  to  Goal,  (jail)  "where 
many  of  them  said  I  should  have  been  long  ago — 
but  alas  !  they  were  all  disappointed." 

The  substantial  brick  building  at  the  ferry, 
marked  on  the  gable  with  "S.  +  P.  C,  1770,"  was 
the  early  home  ofSamuel  and  Prudence  Cooper.  It 
is  now  known  as  Coopers  Point  Hotel,  and  a  por- 
tion is  used  as  oflSces  of  the  Camden  and  Atlantic 
Railroad  Company.  The  later  years  of  his  life 
were  passed  on  his  farm  of  three  hundred  and 
forty-three  acres,  called  "Pleasant  View"  (now 
Pavonia),  in  Stockton  township,  where  he  died'  in 
1812.  John  Hunt,  a  minister  of  note,  made  the 
following  entry  in  his  journal : 

"  Ninth  Month  22,  1812.  Heard  of  the  death 
of  Samuel  Cooper,  aged  about  seventy,  an  old 
schoolmate.  He  owned  the  ferry  opposite  Phila- 
delphia, and  although  he  had  great  possessions 
and  was  counted  rich,  yet  he  retired  from  busi- 
ness, obtained  a  right  among  Friends,  became  a 
much  approved  man,  and  was  very  useful  in  the 
Society,  and  also  open-hearted  and  kind  in  en- 
tertaining Friends,  so  that  he  will  be  very  much 
missed    in    the    neighborhood    and    in    society." 


Samuel  and  Prudence  had  had  children, — Joseph, 
William,  Benjamin,  Mary,  Sarah  and  Elizabeth. 

Joseph  and  Samuel  had  a  brother  Benjamin,  of 
Haddonfield,  who,  by  his  first  wife.  Prudence  Barton,, 
had  an  only  son,  James  B.  Cooper,  born  March  6, 
1763,  soldier  and  sailor,  who  served  on  laud  and  sea, 
.  filling  honorable  and  responsible  positions  in  army 
and  navy  during  two  wars — 1776  and  1812.  He 
served  with  distinction  in  the  War  of  '76,  under 
Lee  and  Marion,  and  his  services  in  the  navy 
during  the  War  of  1812  were  especially  recognized 
and  honored  by  the  President.  Commander 
Cooper  died  at  Haddonfield,  in  the  ninety-third 
year  of  his  age,  being  the  last  survivor  of  Lee's 
Legion  and  the  senior  commander  in  the  United 
States  navy.     (See  page  60.) 

Joseph  Cooper,  one  of  the  subjects  of  this  sketch 
being  childless,  named  in  his  will  a  grand-nephew, 
Joseph  W.  Cooper  (son  of  William),  born  Seventh 
Month  22,  1799,  as  the  chief  beneficiary  under 
that  instrument,  devising  to  him  the  lands  in  Cam- 
den lying  near  the  Upper  Ferry,  the  same  being  a 
large  part  of  the  original  survey  made  by  William 
Cooper  in  1680. 

Samuel  Champion  Cooper,  of  Coopers  Point, 
counselor-at-law,  son  of  Joseph  W.  Cooper,  is  the 
representative  of  this  branch,  and  the  able  and  ex- 
perienced manager  of  their  large  estates. 

Eakly   Settlements    and    Land    Tkans- 

FEES    ON    THE    SiTE    OF    SOUTH    CAMDEN. — The 

foregoing,  in  its  large  divisions,  comprise  the  orig- 
inal Cooper  and  Eoydon  surveys.  Below  the 
tract  on  the  river  was  the  tract  surveyed  to  Samuel 
Norris,  in  May,  1685.  He  bought  a  share  of  Pro- 
priety of  the  trustees  of  Edward  Byllynge,  in  1678, 
and  located  several  tracts  of  land  in  different  parts 
of  West  Jersey,  of  which  this  was  one.  On 
October  12th  following  he  leased  twenty  acres 
of  this  survey  to  John  Ashton,  who  built  a  house 
upon  it,  and  sold  the  remainder  of  the  survey  to 
Robert  Turner,  September  21,  1686,  and  who 
bought  the  lease  of  Ashton,  May  5,  1689.  The 
meadow  lots,  which  lay  on  both  sides  of  Little 
Newton  Creek  (Kaighns  Run),  and  had  been  divided 
between  the  settlers  at  Newton,  part  were  sold  as 
follows :  No.  1  was  sold  by  Stephen  Newbie,  son  of 
Mark,  to  John  Kaighn,  July  20,  1699.  No.  2  was 
sold  by  Thomas  Thackara,  June  16,  1693,  to  John 
Burrough,  who  conveyed  to  Robert  Turner,  July 
6, 1696,  and  he  to  John  Kaighn,  Tenth  Month  (Jan- 
uary) 14,  1696.  No.  3  William  Bates  conveyed 
to  his  son  Jeremiah,  November  10,  1693,  who  sold 
to  John  Kaighn,  March  1,  1697.  No.  4  Thomas 
Sharp  sold  to  Robert  Turner,  April  12,  1693,  who 
sold   to  John    Kaighn,    Tenth    Month  14,  1696. 


416 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


No.  5  Robert  Zane  left,  by  will,  twenty-four  and 
three-fourths  acres,  also  fronting  on  the  river^ 
Eleventh  Month  27,  1694,  to  his  three  sons, — 
Nathaniel,  Elnathan  and  Robert.  This  was  sold 
to  John  Kaighn,  Eleventh  Month  6,  1698,  and 
Tenth  Month  1,  1702.  No.  6,  originally  laid 
out  to  Turner,  was  sold  to  John  Kaighn,  Tenth 
Month  14,  1696.  All  these  lots  lay  on  the  north 
side  of  the  stream.  On  the  same  date  the  last  was 
purchased,  and  by  the  same  deed  Robert  Turner  also 
sold  to  John  Kaighn  four  hundred  and  flfty-five 
acres,  lying  north  of  the  meadow-lands  and  Kaighns 
Run,  embracing  part  of  the  Norris  survey  and  ex- 
tending from  Line  Street  to  Little  Newton  Creek. 
John  Kaighn  was  evidently  a  native  of  the  "  Isle 
of  Man."  He  was  a  carpenter  and  came  to  By- 
berry  about  1690.  In  1693  he  married  Ann  For- 
rest, widow  of  William  Forrest  and  daughter  of 
William  Albertson,  of  Newton  township.  A 
daughter  was  born  to  them,  June  24,  1694,  who 
was  named  Ann.  The  mother  died  July  6th  fol- 
lowing, and  the  daughter  died,  unmarried,  in  1715. 
John  Kaighn  purchased  of  Robert  Turner  four 
hundred  and  fifty-five  acres  of  land,  as  above 
stated,  and  part  of  the  remainder  of  the  meadow 
lots  within  a  few  years.  In  the  same  year  (1696) 
he  married,  as  a  second  wife,  Sarah,  the  widow  of 
Andrew  Griscom  and  sister  of  John  Dole,  who 
then  lived  in  Newton  township.  Andrew  Griscom, 
the  first  husband  of  Sarah  (Dole),  was  the  owner 
of  a  tract  of  land  adjoining  that  lately  bought  by 
John  Kaighn,  and  it  was  also  a  part  of  the  Norris 
survey.  The  title  to  the  tract  is  not  known,  but 
in  1723  it  was  the  property  of  John  Kaighn. 

Andrew  Griscom  had  two  children  by  his  wife, — 
Tobias  and  Sarah.  From  Tobias  the  family  name  is 
still  known  in  this  region.  William  Griscom  (of 
Haddonfield  before  and  during  the  Revolution)  was 
his  son.  Another  son,  Samuel,  was  a  carpenter, 
lived  in  Philadelphia  and  assisted  in  building  In- 
dependence Hall. 

John  Kaighn,  after  his  purchase  of  land  in 
Newton  township  (now  Camden),  settled  upon  it 
and  built  the  house  now  owned  by  Charles  Mc- 
Alister.  By  his  second  wife  he  had  two  sons, — 
John,  born  December  30,  1700,  and  Joseph,  born 
December  4,  1702.  His  wife  died  soon  after  the 
birth  of  Joseph.  Jane  Kaighn,  mother  of  John, 
then  living  at  Kirk  on  the  Isle  of  Man,  addressed 
a  letter,  dated  August  26, 1702,  "To  John  Kaighn, 
Linener,  in  West  New  Jersey,  nigh  on  Delaware 
river  side,  opposite  to  Philadelphia  city,  America," 
in  which  she  informed  him  of  the  death  of  his 
father  and  other  family  news.  On  the  same  sheet 
John  Kaighn  wrote   an  unfinished   letter  to   his 


mother,  without  date,  in  which  he  said  that  he 
had  "  lost  two  good  and  loveing  wives  in  a  few 
years'  time,  and  left  alone  with  young  babes,  the 
youngest  still  at  nurse."  He  married,  in  1710, 
as  a  third  wife,  Elizabeth  Hill,  of  Burlington. 
In  1699  John  Kaighn  was  chosen  as  one  of  the 
judges  of  Gloucester  County,  and  served  three 
years.  In  1708  he  became  one  of  the  trustees  of 
Newton  Meeting,  and,  in  1710,  represented  Glou- 
cester County  in  the  Legislature.  He  died  in 
1724  and  his  will  was  proved  June  12th,  in  that 
year,  by  which  he  left  a  house  and  lot  in  Philadel- 
phia to  his  wife,  Elizabeth,  and  his  real  estate  in 
Newton  township  to  his  two  sons,  John  and 
Joseph. 

About  1726  John  conveyed  his  interest  in  the 
home  property  to  his  brother,  Joseph  Kaighn,  who 
held  it  until  his  death,  in  1749.  He  (Joseph)  in 
1727  married  Mary,  daughter  of  James  Estaugh, 
of  Philadelphia,  and  niece  of  John  Estaugh,  of 
Haddonfield,  by  whom  he  had  five  children, — 
Joseph,  John  (who  became  a  physician,  and  died 
unmarried),  Isaac  (who  died  in  his  minority), 
Jaines  and  Elizabeth. 

In  1732  John  Kaighn,  Jr.,  the  eldest  son  of  John 
Kaighn,  and  brother  of  Joseph,  married  Abigail 
Hinchman,  and  as  a  blacksmith  followed  his  busi- 
ness at  Haddonfield  for  several  years,  and  removed 
to  a  farm  on  Newton  Creek,  where  he  died  in  1749, 
and  was  buried  in  the  old  Newton  grave-yard. 
His  children  were  Sarah,  Elizabeth,  Samuel, 
John  and  Ann.  His  widow,  Abigail,  about  1760, 
married  Samuel  Harrison,  of  Gloucester.  She  sur- 
vived her  second  husband,  and  died  in  1795,  at  the 
house  of  her  son-in-law,  Richard  Edwards,  at 
Taunton  Iron- Works. 

The  family  of  Kaighns  and  the  Kaighn  estate 
came  down  through  the  line  of  Joseph  and  Mary. 
Joseph  in  his  will,  dated  May  7, 1749,  says,  in  de- 
fining a  boundary  between  part  of  his  lands,  "  Be- 
ginning at  the  Delaware  River,  thence  east  up  the 
middle  of  the  lane."  This  lane  was  afterwards  ex- 
tended, and  is  now  Kaighn  Avenue. 

The  children  of  Jos.  Kaighn  and  Mary  Estaugh 
Kaighn,  who  succeeded  to  the  estate,  were  Joseph, 
James,  John,  Isaac  and  Elizabeth.  To  James  was 
left  part  of  the  estate  south  of  the  lane  (Kaighn 
Avenue),  to  Joseph  part  of  the  land  south  and  to 
John,  Isaac  and  Elizabeth,  the  land  north  of  the 

lane.  Elizabeth  married Donaldson.  Joseph, 

the  eldest  son  of  Joseph,  upon  receiving  the 
land  on  the  south  side  from  his  father,  in  1749, 
built,  a  few  years  later,  the  house  long  known  as 
the  Ferry  House,  yet  standing,  but  is  now  de- 
voted to  other  uses.  He  married  Prudence  Butcher, 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


417 


by  whom  he  had  four  children,  but  one  of  whom, 
Joseph,  arrived  at  maturity,  and  in  1795  married 
Sarah  Mickle,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  Mickle.  A 
man  of  ability  and  positive  convictions  he  early 
became  a  prominent  citizen,  being  frequently 
elected  by  the  Whig  party,  to  which  he  belonged, 
to  the  State  Legislature,  both  to  the  house  of  As- 
sembly and  to  the  Council.  He  was  one  of  the 
small  band  of  far-seeing  people  who  believed  in 
the  feasibility,  as  well  as  the  desirability,  of  a  rail- 
road between  Philadelphia  and  New  York,  and  in 
the  Legislature  became  a  most  earnest  advocate 
of  the  granting  of  the  charter  for  The  Camden  and 
Amboy  Rail  Road,  and  largely  through  his  efforts 
its  passage  was  secured,  he  being  one  of  the  in- 
corporators and  a  director  till  his  death,  and  one 
of  the  party  who  first  went  over  the  proposed 
route  of  the  road.  While  in  the  Legislature  he 
was  an  influential  member  of  the  committee  that 
built  the  State  prison  at  Trenton.  Early  interested 
in  ferries  he  was  prominent  in  the  establishment 
of  the  first  steamboat  running  from  Kaighns  Point 
to  Philadelphia,  and  was  a  director  in  the  Federal 
Street  ferry  from  its  organization  until  his  death. 
Throughout  his  life  he  was  a  most  publics-pirited 
man  and  widely  known  throughout  the  State.  He 
died  February  23d,  1841,  his  wife  surviving  him 
until  1842.  Their  children  were  John  M.,  who 
married  Rebecca,  daughter  of  Benjamin  Cooper ; 
Charles,  married  to  Mary  Cooper,  of  Woodbury ; 
William  R.,  married  Rachel  Cole  (Burrough), 
widow ;  and  Mary,  who  married  John  Cooper,  of 
Woodbury.  The  children  of  James  were  Isaac; 
Mary,  died  young;  John,  married  Elizabeth 
Bartram ;  Elizabeth,  married  Jonathan  Knight ; 
James ;  Hannah,  married  Benjamin  Dugdale ; 
Sarah;  Mary;  Ann,  who  died  in  1880;  aged  eighty- 
eight  years ;  and  Charity  and  Grace  (twins),  both 
now  deceased.  The  lands  of  James  that  lay  north 
of  the  dividing  line  and  on  the  river,  were  laid 
out  into  lots  in  1812,  and  from  that  time  to  the 
present,  adjoining  lands  have  been  gradually  laid 
out  and  built  upon  until  the  entire  Kaighn  estate 
is  now  laid  out  into  streets  and  lots. 

The  land  now  in  the  city  of  Camden,  lying  south 
and  east  of  Kaighns  Run  and  to  Newton  Creek,  was 
located  by  Robert  Turner,  of  whom  an  account 
will  be  found  in  the  history  of  Haddon  township ; 
four  hundred  and  twenty  acres  adjoining  Newton 
Creek,  and  two  hundred  acres  on  the  river  were 
located  by  Richard  Arnold,  which  was  surveyed 
March  1, 1700.  He  sold  it  to  Martin  Jarvis,  who,  in 
the  same  year,  sold  two  hundred  and  eight  acres  to 
John  Wright,  who  sold  to  John  Champion  ;  the  rest 
of  the  tract  passed  to  Jacob  Coffing.    In  1790  the 


greater  part  of  the  land  became  the  estate  of  Isaac 
Mickle,  Jr.  A  portion  of  the  land  lying  on  the 
Delaware  River,  south  and  west  of  Kaighns  Run, 
was  sold  by  Turner  to  Archibald  Mickle,  then  of 
Philadelphia.  He  was  a  native  of  Lisburn,  a  town  in 
the  county  Antrim,  Ireland,  and  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  Friends.  With  many  others  of  the  same 
faith,  he  left  his  native  land  and  came  to  this 
country  and  landed  in  Philadelphia  August  2, 1682. 
He  was  by  trade  a  cooper,  and  probably  remained 
in  that  city  several  years,  as  coopers  were  in  con- 
siderable demand  along  the  sea-coast.  In  1686  he 
married  Sarah  Watts,  in  the  Philadelphia  Meeting, 
of  which  he  was  a  member. 

In  1690  he  purchased  two  hundred  and  fifty 
acres  of  land  in  Newton  township  of  Robert  Tur- 
ner. It  was  near  the  head  of  the  south  branch  of 
Newton  Creek,  adjoining  land  of  Francis  Collins. 
It  afterward  passed  to  Joseph  Lowe,  who  settled 
upon  it.  The  meadow  lands  on  Kaighns  Run 
passed  from  the  original  proprietor  to  others,  and 
that  on  the  south  side  of  the  run  was  conveyed 
with  other  lands  to  Robert  Turner,  at  one  time 
the  largest  land-owner  in  Newton  township.  On 
the  16th  of  May,  1697,  Archibald  Mickle  pur- 
chased of  Robert  Turner  four  hundred  and  seventy- 
six  acres  of  land  and  thirty-two  acres  of  the  mea- 
dow lands.  The  purchase  fronted  on  the  Delaware 
and  extended  along  Kaighns  Run.  A  house  occu- 
pied by  Thomas  Spearman  was  on  the  land  at  the 
time  of  purchase  and  it  is  shown  on  the  Thomas 
Sharp  map  of  1700  as  being  on  the  bank  of  the 
river  between  the  meadow  lots  and  the  south  line, 
and  where  the  old  Isaac  Mickle  house  is  situated. 
At  this  place  Isaac  Mickle  resided  until  his  death, 
in  1706.  By  his  will  the  estate  was  left  to  his  ' 
widow,  Sarah,  and  to  his  children  —  Samuel, 
Daniel,  Archibald,  Joseph,  James,  Sarah  (wife  of 
Ezekiel  Siddons),  Mary  (wife  of  Arthur  Powell) 
and  Rachael  (wife  of  Benjamin  Cooper).  The 
widow  bought  the  rights  of  Samuel,  Daniel,  Sarah, 
Mary  and  Rachel,  and  upon  her  death,  in  October, 
1718,  the  real  estate,  by  her  will,  was  devised  to 
Archibald,  James  and  Joseph,  who,  by  quit-claim 
dated  March  20,  1727,  conveyed  to  each  other 
these  lands  in  severalty  in  equal  division.  The 
eldest  son  (John)  of  Archibald  married  Hannah, 
the  daughter  of  Wm.  Cooper  (2d),  and  in  1703 
settled  in  Gloucester  township,  where  he  died  in 
1744.  He  was  appointed  judge  of  Gloucester 
County  in  1733,  and  served  several  years. 

Of  the  lands  now  in  Camden  City,  the  portion 
inherited  by  Joseph  passed  to  the  Kaighn  family, 
and  the  land  of  Archibald  and  James  in  later 
years  came  to  Isaac  Mickle,  Sr.,  a  grandson  of  Ar- 


418 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


chibald  and  Sarah,  who  married  Sarah  Burroughs 
and  in  1780  conveyed  the  land  to  his  nephew, 
Isaac  Mickle,  Jr. 

This  last-mentioned  property  remained  in  the 
Mickle  family  many  years  and  is  now  the'  southern 
portion  of  the  city,  and  laid  out  in  avenues  and 
town  lots. 

Isaac  Mickle,  author  of  "  Reminiscences  of  Old 
Gloucester,"  was  a  descendant  of  the  family. 

The  fisheries  along  the  Mickle  lands  were  in 
1818  conducted  by  John  W.  Mickle,  one  of  the  de- 
scendants. 

Martin  Jarvis,  of  whom  mention  is  made,  was  a 
son  of  John  Jarvis,  of  Eoscoe,  Kings  County,  Ire- 
land, and  a  Friend,  who,  in  1688,  with  his  son 
Martin,  came  to  New  Jersey  to  avoid  the  persecu- 
tion of  the  Papists.  They  first  stopped  at  the 
house  of  George  Goldsmith,  in  Newton  township, 
but  in  1691  the  father  settled  in  Cape  May  County 
and  in  1701  returned  to  Ireland,  and  Martin  pur- 
chased land  on  Newton  Creek,  as  mentioned.  In 
1705  he  bought  a  house  and  lot  in  Philadelphia,  on 
the  west  side  of  Second  Street,  between  Market  and 
Chestnut,  where  he  resided  until  his  death  in  1742, 
aged  sixty-seven  years.  He  married  Mary  Cham- 
pion, a  daughter  of  John,  who  settled  on  Coopers 
Creek. 

Prior  to  1761  the  only  roads  that  led  to  Coopers 
Ferries  were  mere  bridle-paths,  but  on  the  8th  of 
June  in  that  year  commissioners  laid  out  on  the 
linejrfCooper  Street  a  road  from  the  King's  High- 
way leading  from  Haddonfield,  four  poles  wide,  to 
Cooper's  Ferry — it  being  the  old  Eoydon  ferry  near 
the  foot  of  Cooper  St.,  then  kept  by  Daniel  Cooper, 
son  of  William,  the  grandson  of  Wm.  Cooper,  the 
first  settler.  In  the  next  year  the  bridge  was  built 
across  Coopers  Creek  at  the  eastern  end  of  Federal 
Street  and  the  road  widened  and  improved  to  the 
Cooper  Street  Ferry.  This  was  the  Great  Road 
to  Burlington.  In  the  same  year  Benjamin  Cooper 
laid  out  a  road  from  his  ferry,  now  the  Camden  and 
Atlantic  Ferry,  to  the  new  bridge  over  Coopers 
Creek.  That  road  was  later  Main  Street  and  is 
now  mostly  occupied  by  the  track  of  the  Camden 
and  Atlantic  Railroad.  The  Haddonfield  road 
joined  the  road  from  Coopers  Creek  bridge  to  the 
ferry  at  what  is  now  Fifth  Street.  On  December 
7,  1763,  a  road  was  laid  from  Coopers  Point  to 
the  bridge  over  Timber  Creek.  It  left  the  ferry 
road  below  Front  Street  and  near  the  old  Ferry 
House.  Federal  Street  was  laid  out  as  a  road  about 
1764  (when  the  ferry  was  established),  Plum  Street 
in  1803 — all  converging  towards  Coopers  Creek 
bridge. 

Jacob  Cooper,  in  his  town  plan  of  1773,  laid  out 


as  the  north  line  the  old  Ferry  Road  and  called  it 
Cooper  Street,  and  also  laid  out  Market  Street. 
These  streets  extended  from  the  river  to  Pine  or 
Sixth  Street.  The  Chews  Landing  road  was 
laid  about  1800,  and  the  Kaighns  Point  road 
about  1810,  soon  after  the  ferry  was  established  at 
that  place. 

When  the  town  was  incorporated  as  a  city,  in 
1828,  all  the  old  streets.  Cooper,  Market,  Plum 
(now  Arch),  and  Federal  Streets  centred  on  the  old 
road  to  the  ferry  at  Twelfth  Street.  Several  of 
these  early  roads  within  the  bounds  of  the  city  have 
been  vacated  and  entirely  lost  sight  of. 

FiEST  Town  Plan  of  Camden. — Jacob  Cooper, 
a  son  of  William  and  Deborah  (Medcalf)  Cooper, 
was  a  merchant  in  Philadelphia,  and  conceiving 
the  idea  that  at  a  future  day  the  great  crossing- 
place  on  the  Delaware  known  as  Cooper's  Ferries 
would  be  a  town  of  considerable  importance, 
obtained  of  his  father,  April  23, 1764,  one  hundred 
acres  of  land  lying  on  the  river  north  of  a  tract  of 
one  hundred  acres  owned  by  his  brother  Daniel. 
The  north  line  of  the  tract  was  the  old  bridle-path 
to  the  ferries,  and  which,  in  1761,  was  laid  out  as 
part  of  the  road  from  Haddonfield  to  the  ferry, 
then  at  the  foot  of  Cooper  Street. 

In  the  year  1773  he  laid  out  forty  acres  of  this 
tract  into  streets  and  lots,  and  named  it  after  the 
Earl  of  Camden,  who  was  a  firm  friend  and  ally 
of  Lord  Chatham  in  the  struggle  for  constitutional 
liberty  in  the  colonies.  The  old  road  on  the  north 
side  he  named  Cooper  Street.  Market  Street  was 
also  by  him  laid  out  from  the  river  to  what  is  now 
Sixth  Street.  The  south  line  of  the  plot  was  mid- 
way between  Market  Street  and  Plum  (now  Arch). 
Streets  were  laid  out  from  Cooper  Street  eastward 
as  follows:  King  (now  Front),  Queen  (now  Se- 
cond),Whitehall  (now Third),  Cherry  (now  Fourth), 
Cedar  (now  Fifth)  and  Pine  (now  Sixth).  The 
names  were  changed  to  the  present  at  the  incor- 
poration of  the  city,  in  1828.  The  Pablic  Square 
located  at  the  intersection  of  Market  and  Third 
Streets,  was  at  the  same  time  laid  out.  The  lots  were 
one  hundred  and  sixty  in  number.  The  first  eight 
lots  fronted  on  the  river  and  extended  back  to 
Front  Street.  No.  1  was  on  Cooper  Street.  One 
hundred  and  twenty-six  of  these  lots,  with  the 
exceptions  of  Nos.  24,  30  and  32,  were  sold  by 
Jacob  Cooper.  The  names  of  purchasers,  with 
number  of  lot,  are  here  given  : 


1.  Lyon  and  Falconer. 

2.  Robert  Parrish. 

3.  Andrew  Foray th. 

4.  Robert  Parrish. 

5.  Isaac  Coates. 

6.  Thomas  Mifflin. 


7.  A.  Todd  and  J.  Hartley. 

8.  Barzilla  Lippincott. 

9.  Lyon  and  Falconer. 

10.  Lyon  and  Falconer. 

11.  William  Moulder. 
12-13-14.  Samuel  Noble. 


Plan  of  the  Town  of  Camden,  in  the  Township  of  Newton, 
in  the  County  of  Gloucester,  in  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  as 
laid  out  by  Jacob  Cooper,  1773,  and  also  an  addition  of 
twenty-ulue  lots  by  JoshuA  Cooper,  in  the  year  1803. 


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Cooper,  adjoining  Camden,  on  both  sides 
of  Bridge  Ave.,  Gloucester  County,  N.  J. 
Becorded,  July  3d,  1820. 

Liber  FP,  folio  289,  4c. 


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DoDC  the  letll  July,  1803,  bj  J.  CijMst.,,  S,mii,y„r. 


The  lots  North  and  East  of  .the  dotted  line,  were  laid 
out  by  Jacob  Cooper,  in  1773. 

The  lots  included  within  the  dotted  line,  were  laid 
out  by  Joshua  Cooper,  in  1803. 

The  lots  South  and  West  of  the  dotted  line  were  laid 
out  by  Edward  Sharp,  in  1820. 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


419 


15.  WUliam  Wane. 

56.  John  Kearaley. 

16.  James  Ark, 

58.  Moses  Bai-tram. 

17.  David  Dominick. 

59.  George  Barti-am, 

18.  Samuel  Miles. 

60.  Barzilla  Lippincott. 

19.  Thomas  Mifflin. 

61-62.  James  Cooper. 

20.  Nicholas  Hicks. 

63.  John  Eldridge. 

21.  Isaac  Coates. 

64.  Samuel  Miles. 

22.  Israel  Oa^sellandJon.  Davis. 

65.  James  Coffe. 

23.  Allen    Cathcart  and  Henry 

68.  JohnBeedle. 

Casdrope. 

71.  John  Beedle. 

25.  Isaac  Mickle  (bought  after 

73.  George  Bartram. 

Jacob  Cooper's  death). 

74.  Moses  Bartram. 

26.  William  Adams. 

75.  John  Brown. 

27.  Vincent  Mari  Polosi. 

76.  Joseph  Brown. 

28.  Nicholas  Hicks. 

77.  George  Naper. 

.  29.  Jonathan  Shoemaker. 

78.  Samuel  Powell. 

30.  V.  M.  Polosi. 

79.  Thomas  Lewis. 

31.  Christopher  Perkins. 

81-82.  William  Eigden. 

32.  V.  M.  Polosi. 

83.  Samuel  Powell. 

33.  William  Adams. 

84.  George  Hopper. 

34.  Samuel  Noble, 

85.  Joseph  Brown. 

35-36.  Aquilla  Jones. 

86.  John  Brown. 

37.  Samuel  Bryau. 

88.  William  Brown. 

39.  Jacob  Speeder. 

91.  John  Eldridge. 

42.  James  Cooper. 

92.  James  Seeves. 

43.  Samuel  Kobins. 

93  to  98.  John  Haltzell. 

44.  Joseph  Budd. 

101.  John  Haltzell. 

45.  James  Channell. 

102-103.  Benjamin  Horner. 

46.  John  Porter. 

108-109.  Edward  Gibbs. 

47.  John  Keai-sley. 

110-111-112.  Samuel  Hopkins. 

48.  Andrew  Burkhart. 

115-116.  Martin  Fisher. 

49,  John  Fenton. 

120.  Richard  Townsend. 

50-51.  William  Rush. 

121.  John  Eldridge. 

52.  Benjamin  Town. 

122.  Mathias  Gilbert. 

53.  John  Poi-ter. 

126.  John  Haltzell. 

54.  John  Keai-sley. 

127.  For  public  use. 

55.  John  Shoemaker. 

Lot  No.  127,  on  the  corner  of  Plum  (now  Arch) 
Street  and  Fifth  Street,  was  reserved  for  public  use, 
and  on  the  22d  of  April,  1776,  Jacob  Cooper  con- 
veyed it  to  Charles  Lyon,  Nathaniel  Falconer, 
William  Moulder  and  Nicholas  Hicks,  in  trust  for 
the  inhabitants  to  erect  a  house  of  worship  and 
make  a  burial-place.  The  north  part  of  the  lot 
was  made  a  burial-place  and  a  school-house  in 
later  years  was  erected  upon  the  south  part.  It 
is  now  and  has  been  for  many  years  occupied  by 
an  engine-house  under  the  charge  of  the  Fire  De- 
partment. The  most  of  the  persons  named  in  the 
list  before  given  resided  in  Philadelphia.  But 
little  information  is  obtained  of  the  progress  of  the 
town  before  1800.  In  the  year  1803  Joshua  Cooper, 
son  of  Daniel,  deriving  the  land  from  his  father, 
laid  out  a  street  from  the  river  to  Sixth  Street, 
which  he  named  Plum.  On  the  north  side  of 
Plum  Street  he  laid  out  twenty-nine  lots  and  on 
the  south  side  twenty-four  lots. 

Village  op  Camden. — Edward  Sharp,  in  1812, 
built  the  rough-cast  house  now  standing  on  the 
southeast  corner  of  Cooper  and  Second  Streets  (lot 
42  in  Jacob  Cooper's  town  plot),  long  known  as  the 
Dr.  Harris  house.  On  the  8th  of  June,  1818,  he 
bought  of  Joshua  Cooper  ninety-eight  acres  of 


land  lying  on  the  river  and  south  of  the  Lower 
Ferry  road  or  Federal  Street.  In  1820  he  laid  out 
a  part  of  this  into  streets  and  lots,  and  named  it 
"Camden  Village." 

Edward  Sharp  had  for  some  years  been  agitating 
the  building  a  bridge  across  the  Delaware  River 
to  Windmill  Island,  and  after  the  purchase  of  this 
land,  and  in  1820,  laid  out  the  land  from  the  river 
to  Cedar  or  Fifth  Street,  with  a  broad  street 
through  the  centre,  which  was  named  Bridge  Ave- 
nue, now  the  line  of  the  Camden  and  Amboy 
railroad.  The  only  buildings  on  this  terri- 
tory at  that  time  were  the  stables  of  John  D. 
Wessels,  at  the  corner  of  Federal  and  Front 
Streets,  and  then  near  the  bank  of  the  river.  Ed- 
ward Sharp  presented  a  petition  to  the  Legislature 
asking  for  authority  to  build  a  bridge  across  the 
Delaware.  A  newspaper  of  that  day  says:  "The 
Windmill  Island  Bridge  Bill  passed  the  Senate 
January  22,  1820,  and  the  House  February  18th 
following." 

The  eastern  end  of  this  bridge  was  to  be  at  the 
foot  of  Bridge  Avenue,  and,  although  the  bill  au- 
thorizing its  construction  passed,  yet  the  bridge 
was  never  built.  Lots  were  sold  as  follows  be- 
tween the  river-front  and  Queen  Street  (now  Sec- 
ond) :  Nos.  1  and  2,  to  Samuel  Lanning ;  lots  8  to 
7  and  lot  A,  to  John  D.  Wessels;  lot  16,  southwest 
corner  of  Federal  and  White  Hall  (now  Third) 
Streets,  to  Daniel  Ireland  ;  lot  28,  southwest  corner 
of  Federal  and  Cherry  Streets,  to  Reuben  Ludlam. 
On  Queen  Street,  north  of  Bridge  Avenue  and  the 
alley,  were  six  lots  marked  B,  C,  D,  E,  F',  F^;  they 
were  sold  as  follows  :  B,  to  William  Butler ;  C,  to 
Samuel  Smith ;  D,  to  Isaac  Sims ;  E,  to  James 
Read ;  and  F^  and  F',  to  David  and  Dorcas  Sims. 
Financial  reverses  soon  overtook  Edward  Sharp, 
and  his  land  was  sold  by  the  sheriff,  July  18,  1822, 
to  Elihu  Chauncey  and  James  Lyle,  who,  on  the 
22d  of  July  the  next  year,  1823,  sold  to  Henry 
Chester.  Part  of  this  land,  July  18, 1883,  and  Au- 
gust 31,  1836,  came  to  Esther  Nunes,  who  laid  out 
one  hundred  and  forty  lots,  the  greater  part  of 
them  water  lots,  and  on  the  river-flats. 

Coopee's  Hill. — That  part  of  Camden  known  as 
Cooper's  Hill  as  applied  to  the  ground  then,  rising 
from  a  marsh  west  of  Fourth  Street  and  south  of 
Bridge  Avenue,  forming  a  knoll  covered  in  part 
with  stately  oak  and  pine-trees  and  on  the  eastern 
part,  beyond  Broadway,  was  a  magnificent  apple 
orchard.  It  belonged  to  Richard  M.  Cooper, 
president  of  the  State  Bank  at  Camden,  and  shortly 
after  his  death  his  son,  William  D.  Cooper,  in 
1842,  sold  the  timber,  cut  down  the  apple-trees 
and  laid  out  the  ground  in  one  hundred  town  lots, 


420 


HISTORY  OF  CAMPEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


which,  December  5,  1842,  he  offered  for  sale.  They 
sold  rapidly  and  at  good  prices,  for  the  high 
ground  made  the  locality  desirable  as  a  place  of 
residence,  and  it  now  forms  the  bulk  of  the  Fourth 
Ward,  the  most  populous  in  the  city,  containing 
within  its  limits  the  City  Hall,  Cooper  Hospital, 
three  public  school-houses,  five  churches  with 
two  thousand  members,  and  ten  thousand  people. 
William  D.  Cooper  made  sale  to  Joab  Scull 
of  the  lot  on  the  northeast  corner  of  West  and 
Berkley  Streets,  upon  which  the  latter  built  the  first 
house  in  the  new  settlement.  The  only  house  on 
the  tract,  before  Scull  built,  was  the  one  Eichard 
M.  Cooper  built  in  1820,  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Woodbury  and  Camden  Academy  road,  and  which 
was  removed  to  make  room  for  the  row  of  three- 
story  bricks  on  Broadway,  south  of  Berkley. 

Within  the  limits  of  what  is  known  as  Cooper's 
Hill  were  formerly  ponds,  of  which  Mickle, 
writing  in  1845,  says:  "  There  was  in  the  olden 
time  a  pond  about  half  a  mile  southeast  of  the 
Court-House  in  the  City  of  Camden,  which  was 
much  frequented  by  wild  geese  and  ducks.  Al- 
though the  bed  of  the  pond  is  now  cultivated, 
there  are  those  who  remember  when  it  contained 
several  feet  of  water  throughout  the  year.  It  was 
called  by  the  Camden  boys  '  the  Play  Pond.'  " 

This  pond  is  said,  by  one  of  the  boys  who  used 
to  play  there,  Benjamin  Farrow,  to  be  where  now 
stand  the  dwellings  of  the  late  John  H.  Jones  and 
Jesse  W.  Starr.  He  says  there  were  two  ponds, 
one  called  the  "  wet  pond  "  and  the  other  the  "  dry 
l>ond,"  and  that  they  were  made  in  the  time  of  the 
Revolution  by  the  erection  of  redoubts. 

The  land  on  the  north  side  of  Cooper  Street,  and 
north  of  Birch,  which  was  left  to  William  Cooper 
by  his  grandfather,  William,  was  devised  to  his 
sons,  Daniel  and  Richard  M.  Cooper.  The  former 
dying  intestate,  his  share  descended  to  his  three 
daughters,— Mary  Ann  (who  married  William 
Carman),  Abigail  and  Esther  L.  Cooper, — and  in 
the  partition  of  his  estate,  which  followed  his 
death,  the  land  mentioned  was  divided  into  alter- 
nate portions  between  these  daughters  by  their 
uncle,  Eichard  M.  Cooper,  and  about  1842  laid 
out  by  William  D.  Cooper  and  sold. 

On  the  7th  of  February,  1853,  Rachel  Cooper, 
daughter  of  William  Cooper  (of  the  upper  ferry), 
sold  the  land  lying  between  Market  and  Federal 
Streets,  above  Eighth,  to  Charles  Fockler,  who  laid 
it  out  into  fifty-nine  lots. 

That  part  of  the  city  north  of  Birch  Street  and 
to  Main  Street  was  laid  out  with  streets  and  in 
two  hundred  and  forty-five  lots  in  1852,  by  the 
heirs  of  William  Cooper,  and  in  January  of  the 


same  year  Joseph  W.  Cooper  laid  out  one  hundred 
and  seventy-two  lots  north  of  Main  Street,  and  ad- 
vertised them  for  public  sale  February  5,  1852. 
These  tracts  comprise  the  plans  and  additions  to 
the  city  on  the  old  Cooper  lands. 

The  Kaighn  Estate.— The  Kaighn  estate, 
which  was  left  by  Joseph  Kaighn  by  will,  in  1749, 
to  Joseph  and  James,  John,  Isaac  and  Elizabeth, 
extended  from  Line  Street  to  Kaighn  Eun.  The 
lane,  now  Kaighn  Avenue,  was  the  dividing  line 
of  part  of  the  property  left  to  Joseph  and  John, 
the  former  inheriting  the  south  side  and  the  latter 
the  north  side,  including  the  old  mansion  built 
about  1696  by  his  grandfather,  John  Kaighn.  Jo- 
seph built  a  house  on  the  south  side,  known  in  later 
years  as  the  Ferry  House.  After  the  death  of 
James,  in  1812,  his  property  was  divided  by  parti- 
tion, and  the  lots  at  the  foot  of  Kaighn  Avenue 
were  soon  after  sold. 

There  are  a  number  of  houses  standing  which 
were  built  by  the  Kaighns.  The  oldest  of  these 
is  the  one  built  by  John  Kaighn,  the  first  settler, 
who,  soon  after  his  coming,  in  1696,  erected  a  one- 
story  house  of  brick,  on  the  river-shore,  now  on  the 
southeast  corner  of  Second  and  Sycamore  Streets, 
a  thousand  feet  from  tide-water.  It  became  the 
property  of  James,  the  grandson  of  John  Kaighn, 
and  on  his  death,  in  1811,  came  through  one  of  his 
children  to  Mrs.  Hutchinson,  a  granddaughter, 
who,  in  1864,  sold  it  to  Charles  McAllister,  who, 
using  the  old  walls,  made  of  it  two  three-story 
houses,  in  one  of  which  he  resides.  Elizabeth 
Haddon,  in  1721,  presented  John  Kaighn  with 
two  box  and  two  j'ew-trees,  which  he  planted  in 
front  of  his  house.  The  yew-trees  are  still  stand- 
ing, having  a  girth  of  six  feet,  but  the  box-trees 
decayed  and  disappeared,  the  last  in  1874. 

The  Ferry  House,  at  the  southeast  corner  of 
Front  Street  and  Kaighn  Avenue,  was  built  by 
Joseph  Kaighn,  grandson  of  the  first  settler,  be- 
tween 1755  and  1760.  Joseph  Kaighn  died  in 
1792,  when  his  son  Joseph,  then  residing  in  the 
farm-house  on  Quaker  Lane,  opposite  Newton 
Meeting-house,  moved  into  the  homestead  and  oc- 
cupied it  until  1809,  when,  having  built  the  spa- 
cious mansion  on  the  south  side  of  Kaighn  Ave- 
nue, above  Second  Street,  which  afterward  became 
the  property  of  his  son  Charles,  he  removed  there 
and  made  it  his  home  until  1831,  when  he  built  the 
brick  house  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Third  and 
Kaighn  Avenue,  and  moved  there,  where  he  lived 
until  his  death,  in  1841,  when  it  became  the  home 
of  his  daughter  Mary,  afterwards  the  wife  ot  John 
Cooper. 

The  house  at  Front  and  Kaighn  Avenue  was  ■ 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


421 


leased  as  a  ferry-house  to  Christopher  Madara,  and 
in  1816  to  George  W.  Hugg.  In  1821  Joseph 
Kaighn  sold  the  house,  with  the  ferry,  to  Sarah, 
widow  of  Thomas  Reeves,  and  after  her  death  it 
was  purchased  by  Ebenezer  Toole.  It  is  now  the 
property  of  Edward  Shuster.  During  the  Revolu- 
tion the  house  served  as  a  target  for  gunners  on 
British  ships  lying  in  the  river,  and  the  late 
Charles  Kaighn  had  in  his  possession  a  spent  can- 
non-ball which  came  down  the  chimney  while  his 
grandfather,  Joseph  Kaighn,  and  family  were  tak- 
ing supper. 

Another  old  house,  built  before  1800,  is  on  the 
north  side  of  Kaighn  Avenue,  below  Locust  Street. 
It  belonged  to  John,  son  of  James  Kaighn,  who 
,  died  in  1811.  In  1842  it  became  a  part  of  the 
Capewell  glass-works  property  and  was  used  as  a 
finishing  and  packing-house.  After  the  closing  of 
the  glass-works  it  was  fitted  up  and  divided  into 
three  dwellings,— Nos.  239,  241  and  243  Kaighn 
Avenue.  On  the  northeast  comer  of  Front  Street 
and  Mechanic  is  a  large  three-story  brick  house. 
It  was  built  in  1824  by  Joseph  Mickle,  who  intend- 
ed it  for  his  residence,  but  he  died  before  it  was 
finished  and  it  became  the  home  of  his  widowed 
daughter,  Priscilla  Matlack,  who  married  James 
W.  Sloan,  a  leading  man  in  municipal  matters. 
Near  the  above,  on  Front  Street,  is  the  house 
built  by  Frederick  Plummer,  the  Baptist  preacher, 
in  1820,  in  which  he  used  the  brick  composing  the 
prison  built  at  Gloucester  in  1716. 

The  Little  Newton  Creek  Meadow  Company  was 
organized  to  preserve  the  river-banks  below 
Kaighns  Point.  In  1696  John  Kaighn  bought 
four  hundred  and  fifty-five  acres  of  land  from 
Robert  Turner,  lying  between  Line  Ditch  and  Line 
Street,  and  Archibald  Mickle  about  the  same  time 
bought  to  the  south.  To  construct  a  bank  to  re- 
claim the  large.expanse  of  low  land  lying  between 
them  was  the  joint  work  of  the  Mickles  and 
Kaighns  at  a  very  early  day,  there  being  but  a 
single  owner  on  the  north  and  on  the  south  of  the 
small  stream  that  forming  the  dividing  line,  the 
maintenance  of  the  bank  was  a  simple  matter; 
but  when  Joseph  Kaighn  died,  in  1841,  and  his 
land  on  the  north  became  divided  among  several 
heirs,  while  the  same  process  was  going  on  with  the 
Mickle  land,  on  the  south,  complications  took 
place,  and  in  1844  the  Little  Newton  Creek 
Meadow  Company  was  organized,  with  William 
Mitchell,  president,  and  John  Cooper,  secretary 
and  treasurer.  The  company  found  the  banks  in 
need  of  repairs,  which  were  made  at  a  cost  of  three 
thousand  dollars.  The  company  performed  its 
duty  well  until  1874,  when  the  numerous  new 
50 


owners,  ousted  the  old  oflScers,  and  the  new  ones 
neglected  their  duty,  and,  when,  the  great  storm 
of  October  24, 1878,  broke  the  bank  and  flooded 
the  lower  part  of  the  city,  Council  was  compelled 
to  repair  the  damages. 

Fetteesville. — In  1833  Richard  Fetters,  a 
prominent  citizen  of  Cainden,  purchased  of  Charity 
and  Grace  Kaighn  a  number  of  tracts  of  land  be- 
tween Line  and  Cherry  Streets  and  between  Third 
Street  and  the  river.  This  land  was  laid  out  into 
lots,  and  offered  for  sale  at  low  rates  and  easy  terms, 
which  attracted  many  purchasers,  a  large  propor- 
tion of  them  colored  persons,  a  number  of  whom 
are  still  among  the  most  respected  residents. 
Benjamin  Wilson  was  one  of  the  first.  He  was  a 
local  preacher,  and  built  a  house  a  few  doors 
below  the  Macedonian  Church.  George  Johnson, 
who,  in  1835,  bought  a  lot  and  built  the  humble 
home  which  now  shelters  him,  was  born  in  1802. 
He  has  clear  recollections  of  the  events  of  nearly 
eighty  years  ago.  His  brother,  Jacob  Johnson,  at 
the  same  time  bought  and  built  on  the  northwest 
corner  of  Third  Street  and  Cherry,  where,  in  com- 
fort, he  is  spending  the  remainder  of  a  useful  life. 

At  247  Spruce  Street  reside  Mary  E.  S.  and 
Neolus  Peterson,  educated  and  refined  women,  who 
for  many  years  were  school-teachers.  Their  father 
was  Daniel  Peterson,  a  Methodist  preacher  of 
ability,  and  their  mother,  Mary,  was  a  daughter  of 
Jonathan  Truitt,  a  noted  colored  divine  of  Philadel- 
phia. The  Petersons  settled  in  Fettersville  in  1835 
and  built  the  house  where  the  daughters  now  reside. 
Both  were  pious  and  educated,  and  did  much  to 
promote  religion  and  education  among  their  peo- 
ple. They  were  active  in  the  organization  of  the 
Macedonian  Church.  Daniel  died  in  1857,  and 
Mary  in  1865.  In  1838  Jacob  Ham  bought  and 
built  on  the  west  side  of  Second,  above  Spruce, 
where  there  was  a  cluster  of  large  willow-trees, 
which  furnished  shade,  while  from  the  river  came 
cool  breezes,  making  it  a  favorite  trysting-place  for 
the  people  in  warm  weather.  It  has  been  called 
"Ham  Shore"  ever  since  Jacob  Ham  built  his 
house  there.  In  the  days  of  slavery  there  were 
many  scenes  of  capture  and  rescue  of  alleged  fugi- 
tive slaves  in  Fettersville.  Opposite  the  church, 
shortly  after  it  was  built,  lived  a  colored  man 
named  John  Collins,  whom  the  officers  claimed  as 
a  fugitive,  and  one  night  sought  to  capture,  but 
the  women,  armed  with  clubs  and  pokers,  drove 
them  away.  Collins,  for  greater  security,  removed 
to  Westfield.  On  another  occasion,  the  officers 
having  captured  a  fugitive  in  the  county,  put  him 
in  a  wagon,  and  were  driving  towards  the  ferry, 
passing  by  the  Macedonian  Church  while  a  prayer- 


422 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


meeting  was  in  progress.  When  opposite,  the 
prisoner  raised  a  lusty  cry  of  "kidnappers,"  which, 
in  a  few  moments,  emptied  the  church  of  wor- 
shippers and  surrounded  the  wagon  with  rescuers 
While  they  were  parleying,  Hannah  Bowen  cut 
the  traces,  and  the  horse,  minus  the  wagon,  was 
driven  away,  while  the  officers  were  glad  to  ex- 
change their  prize  for  personal  safety. 

The  colored  settlement  at  Fettersville  grew 
rapidly,  and  at  one  time  figured  largely  in  the 
census  table,  the  colored  population  of  the  South 
Ward,  in  1860  reaching  nearly  one-fourth  of  the 
entire  population  of  the  ward;  but  the  proportion 
has  since  decreased,  being  slightly  in  excess  of 
seven  per  cent,  in  1885.  The  actual  number  in 
1850  was  seven  hundred  and  twenty-five,  and  in 
1885  it  was  seven  hundred  and  ninety-one,  while 
the  total  population  in  the  former  year  was  four 
thousand  one  hundred  and  twelve,  and  in  the  latter 
year  eleven  thousand  and  sixty-four. 

In  1835  Eichard  Fetters  bought  other  lands  of 
Charity  Kaighn  and  her  sister,  Grace  Kaighn,  east 
of  his  first  purchase  and  extending  south  to  Mount 
Vernon,  or  Jordan  Street.  His  first  sales  from 
this  venture  were  to  Joseph  P.  Hillman,  Joseph 
Sharp,  Aaron  Bozarth,  Josiah  Sawn  and  Adam 
Watson,  on  the  east  side  of  Fifth  Street,  from 
Division  Street  to  Spruce.  This  was  in  1836,  and 
the  price  was  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  dollars 
for  a  lot  forty  feet  front  and  one  hundred  feet  deep. 
Fetters'  plan  placed  all  the  fronts  on  the  streets 
running  east  and  west,  under  the  impression  that 
the  travel  would  be  in  those  directions,  and 
in  this  he  would  have  been  correct,  had  his 
design  for  a  ferry  at  the  foot  of  Spruce  Street,  for 
which  he  procured  a  charter,  been  realized.  All 
of  the  plots  above-mentioned  were  in  the  terri- 
tory embraced  in  Camden  at  the  time  of  its 
incorporation,  in  1828.  In  1815  there  was  but 
one  house  between  Kaighnton  and  Camden,  and 
that  was  the  farm-house  of  Isaac  Kaighn,  a  son  of 
James,  and  which  was  on  the  old  Woodbury  road, 
near  the  river. 

Camden,  although  laid  out  in  1773,  was  a  town 
only  in  name  until  about  1815.  The  dwellings 
clustering  around  the  ferries  retained  the  names  by 
which  it  had  been  known  for  over  a  century — "  The 
Ferries,"  or  "  Cooper's  Ferries."  A  few  lots  had 
been  sold  and  houses  built,  a  post-office  had  been 
established,  a  store  opened,  but  the  main  business 
grew  out  of  the  ferries.  A  stage  line  was  estab- 
lished to  Burlington,  to  Leeds  Point,  in  Atlantic 
County,  to  Salem,  Bridgeton  and  Cape  May.  At 
the  beginning  of  the  century  there  was  not  a  house 
of  worship  in  the  area  now  embraced  within  the 


city,  and  but  one  school-house,  which  stood  a  dis- 
tance out  from  the  settlements  on  the  Haddonfield 
road,  and  on  the  land  of  Marmaduke  Cooper,  now 
owned  by  Marmaduke  C.  Cope. 

EiCHAED  Fettees,  who  was  in  his  day  and  gen- 
eration one  of  the  most  prominent  men  of  the  city, 
the  proprietor  of  that  part  of  Camden  known  as 
Fettersville,  aleading  spiritin  almost  every  large  en- 
terprise, amember  of  almost  every  corporation  board 
organized  during  his  business  life  and  the  holder 
of  many  public  offices,  was  born  January  19, 1791, 
of  parents  who  resided  at  Coopers  Point.  His 
early  life  was  spent  for  the  most  part  in  New 
Jersey.  He  removed  to  Camden  in  1826  and 
opened  a  store  at  Third  and  Market  Streets.  It 
was  not  long  afterwards  that  he  laid  out  Fetters- 
ville, and  entered  upon  land  operations  in  North 
Camden.  Almost  from  the  start  he  held  a  position 
of  prominence,  being  elected  to  the  Council  in 
1828,  and  thus  beginning  a  long  and  active  public 
career.  He  was  a  lifelong  Democrat  of  a  pro- 
nounced type.  He  died  July  3, 1863,  after  a  short 
illness.  The  editor  of  oue  .of  the  Camden  jour- 
nals, a  short  time  before  his  death,  in  connection 
with  an  announcement  of  his  dangerous  condition, 
spoke  of  his  character  and  usefulness  as  follows: 
"  Mr.  Fetters  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  this  city  and 
has  probably  done  more  for  the  advancement  and 
improvement  of  the  place  than  any  other  single 
gentleman.  Always  active,  and  possessing  an  ener- 
getic spirit,  he  made  himself  foremost  in  all  enter- 
prises conducive  to  the  growth  and  prosperity  of 
Camden,  and  took  the  initiative  in  all  matters  of 
essential  public  improvements.  The  conception 
and  gradual  increase  of  the  advantages  of  our  fer- 
ries was  one  of  his  practical  theories,  and  from  the 
first  he  was  closely  connected  with  them.  His 
energy  of  character  also  infused  life  and  spirit 
into  the  project  of  erecting  works  to  supply  the 
city  with  water,  and,  in  fact,  no  enterprises  of  truly 
beneficial  bearings  have  been  started  in  Camden 
that  have  not  received  his  fostering  care  and  ap- 
proval. He  has  held  several  important  public  po- 
sitions and  through  indomitable  energy  and  perse- 
verance he  acquired  a  competency  .     .     .    ." 

Mr.  Fetters  was  three  times  married.  His  first 
wife,  with  whom  he  was  united  January  20,  1817, 
and  who  was  the  mother  of  all  of  his  children, 
was  Hope  Stone,  born  April  27,  1797,  and  died 
December  18,  1839.  His  second  wife,  to  whom  he 
was  married  November  8, 1841,  was  Sarah  L.  Lam- 
born,  and  the  third,  with  whom  he  was  joined 
March  21,  1860,  was  Ellen  B.  Marter. 

The  children  of  Eichard  and  Hope  (Stone)  Fet- 
ters were  Elizabeth,  Evaline,  Hannah  (deceased) 


^c^^  <:^^^^C^^ 


THE  CITY  OP  CAMDEN. 


423 


and  Caroline.  Elizabeth  married  the  late  Jesse 
Smith,  of  Woodbury,  by  whom  she  had  two  chil- 
dren— Charlena  F.,  born  November  29, 1841  (died 
in  infancy),  and  Richard  F.  Smith,  formerly  city 
treasurer  and  now  sheriflF  of  Camden  County. 
Evaline  married  the  late  Richard  S.  Humphreys. 
They  had  two  children — Richard  F.  (who  died  in 
infancy)  and  Harry,  bom  March  2,  1855,  now  a 
lumber  merchant  in  Philadelphia.  Caroline  mar- 
ried Charles  S.  Humphreys,  an  artist  of  Camden, 
now  deceased.  They  had  five  children,  viz., — 
Charles  F.  (deceased),  was  married  to  Ella  Corson 
of  Camden,  Evaline  L.  (deceased),  George  W.,  an 
attorney,  married  to  Mary  Coy  of  Palmyra,  and 
Louis  B.,  a  real  estate  dealer,  was  married  to  Jen- 
nie McM.  Strong,  daughter  of  the  late  Nathan 
Strong,  one  of  the  first  attorneys  of  Philadelphia. 
George  W.  and  Louis  B.  are  both  of  Camden.  Ella 
F.  (Mrs.  Dr.  Pemberton),  now  of  Long  Branch,  N.  J. 

Stockton. — In  the  year  1849  James  D.  Crowley, 
Thomas  Phillips,  George  F.  Miller  a,nd  William 
Jones,  as  the  Kaighns  Point  Land  Company,  pur- 
chased of  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford  a  tract  of  land  east 
of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  for  which  they  paid 
two  hundred  and  twenty-five  dollars  an  acre.  In 
the  two  succeeding  years  they  purchased  of  Colonel 
Isaac  W.  Mickle  and  other  Mickle  heirs  the  land 
lying  between  Ferry  Avenue  and  Jackson  Street, 
to  within  a  short  distance  of  Evergreen  Cemetery. 
This  land  was  part  of  the  large  tract  purchased 
by  Archibald  Mickle  about  1696,  and  which  ex- 
tended from  Kaighns  Run,  or  Line  Ditch,  to 
Newton  Creek. 

The  Land  Company  laid  out  the  land  in  build- 
ing lots,  and  named  the  settlement  "  Centreville," 
which  was  subsequently  changed  to  Stockton. 
Most  of  the  tract  was  a  corn-field  and  on  it  were 
two  tenant-houses,  both  on  Central  Avenue,  one  at 
the  corner  of  Master  and  the  other  on  Phillip  Street. 
South  of  Ferry  Avenue  was  a  forest  of  oak-trees, 
and  north  of  Stockton  was  a  dense  thicket,  where 
rabbits,  quail  and  smaller  game  were  sought  after, 
and  not  in  vain.  The  lots  were  sold  on  easy  terms 
and  the  sales  were  rapid  until  the  burning  of  the 
ferry-boat "  New  Jersey,"  in  1856  (ahistory  of  which 
is  given  on  page  369),  checked  the  inflow  of  home- 
seekers  from  the  western  shore  of  the  Delaware. 
The  company  donated  land  for  school  and  church 
purposes.  That  was  the  gift  to  the  Stockton  Bap- 
tist Society,  on  Vanhook  Street,  near  Sixth.  When 
William  Jones  built  the  "Flat  Iron,"  at  the  junc- 
tion of  Ferry  Avenue  and  Broadway,  and  applied 


for  a  license  to  sell  liquor,  the  society  remonstrated, 
for  which  he  sought  to  take  away  the  ground  given 
them  by  the  company,  but  was  prevented  by  Mr. 
Crowley.  In  1871  Stockton,  forming  a  part  of 
Newton  township,  was  annexed  to  Camden  as  a 
portion  of  the  Eighth  Ward,  when  its  growth  re. 
ceived  an  impetus  that  still  continues.  The  intro- 
duction of  gas  and  water,  with  other  advantages 
incident  to  city  rule,  led  to  the  establishment  of  a 
number  of  manufactories,  and  these  increase  yearly, 
owing  to  the  comparatively  low  price  of  land_ 
With  these  advantages,  this  section  of  the  city  is 
rapidly  increasing  in  population. 

Kaighnsville  was  a  settlement  of  colored  per- 
sons, east  of  Seventh  and  south  of  Chestnut  Street. 
Benjamin  Vandyke  was  the  first  settler,  an  ex- 
emplary man,  who  built  the  small  house  now 
standing  at  Ann  Street  and  Kaighn  Avenue  in 
1838.  There  was  no  house  near,  and  the  lot  upon 
which  he  built  was  part  of  John  Kaighn's  corn- 
field. Shortly  afterwards  Daniel  Wilkins  bought 
the  land  bounded  by  Seventh  Street,  Ann,  Syca- 
more and  Kaighn  Avenue,  selling  portions  to 
Dempsey  D.  Butler,  who,  coming  from  the  South 
built  on  Kaighn  Avenue,  and  to  Daniel  Sullivan 
who  built  the  house  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Sev- 
enth and  Sycamore,  now  used  as  a  store  by  Francis 
Crossley. 

Anthony  Colding  built  No.  786  Chestnut  Street 
in  1848,  and  about  that  time  Joshua  Martin,  Luke 
Derrickson,  Henry  Mackey,  Charles  Sobers,  Shep- 
pard  Sample,  the  school-master,  Harriet  Gibbs, 
James  Mosely,  William  Everman  and  other  well- 
known  colored  people  settled  in  the  neighbor- 
hood, built  churches  and  established  schools.  In 
1854  a  conflagration  destroyed  almost  the  entire 
settlement  from  Seventh  to  Ann,  and  Chestnut  to 
Kaighn  Avenue,  but  it  was  speedily  rebuilt.  In 
1871  it  was  taken  into  the  city,  with  part  of  Newton 
township,  and  forms  a  part  of  the  Seventh  Ward, 
the  population  of  which  was,  in  1875 :  White,  3001 ; 
colored,  758 ;  and  in  1885,  white,  4663 ;  colored, 
1142.  The  colored  people  of  the  Seventh  Ward 
(formerly  Kaighnsville)  support  three  Methodist 
and  one  Baptist  Church,  and  recently  a  colored 
Presbyterian  Church  has  been  added  to  the 
number. 

In  the  early  days  of  the  settlement  a  meeting 
was  held  to  select  a  name,  and  Vandykesville  was 
proposed,  after  Benjamin  Vandyke,  the  first  settler, 
but  that  worthy  man  would  not  have  it  so,  and 
the  name  of  Kaighnsville  was  adopted. 


AUTOGRAPHS  OP  SETTLEES  ON  AND  ABOUND  THE  SITE  OF  CAMDEN,  IN  OLD 

NEWTON  TOWNSHIP. 


"TTT^^ 


A  first  settler.    Died  1724.    Had  sons  John  and 
Joseph. 


A  first  settler.    Died  1710.    Had  sons 
William,  Joseph  and  Daniel. 


A  first  settler.     Died  1706.     Had  sons  John 

Samuel,  Daniel,  Archibald,  Isaac, 

Joseph  and  James. 


A  first  settler  and  wealthy  operator  in  lands. 
Sold  to  Kaighn,  Mickle  and  others. 


ry^  ji^i)o-,t^     Q&^j^^ 


A  first  settler.    Made  the  survey  1681,  after 
purchased  by  Cooper.     Died  in 
London. 


The  surveyor  and  chronicle  of  the  first  settlers. 

Died  1729.     Had  sons  Thomas,  Isaac 

and  John. 


^  A^  ^^^n^       ^;7^.«^^..=^^ 


/ 


A  first  settler.    Died  1694.    Had  sons  Nathaniel, 
Robert,  Elnathan  and  Simeon. 


A  first  settler.    Died  1702,  and  left  sons,  Benja- 
min and  Thomas. 


Second  son  of  William  the  emigrant. 

Died  1731.     Had  sons  Joseph, 

Benjamin  and  Isaac. 


Youngest  son  of  William  the  emigrant.    Died  1715. 
Had  sons  William,  Samuel  and 
Daniel. 


Second  son  of  John  the  emigrant.     Died  1749.     Had 
sons  Joseph,  John  and  James. 


Son  of  Archibald  the  emigrant.    Died  1735, 
leaving  one  son,  Jacob. 


Son  of  Archibald  the  emigrant.     DLed  1744.     Had 
sons  William,  John  and  Samuel 


-^'y:^^^^ 


Son  of  Nathaniel  and  grandson  of  Robert  the 
emigrant. 


&^ 


Son  of  Mark  the  emigrant.     Died  1706, 
leaving  a  son,  Mark. 


A  first  settler  in  1681,  with  the  Dublin 
emigrants. 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


425 


CHAPTER    II. 


MUNICIPAL  HISTORY. 


Incorporation — Supplements  to  Charter — New  Charter — The  Firat 
City  Hall— The  Now  City  Hall— Civil  List^Water  Department- 
Fire  Department. 

Incokpoeation. — Camden  was  incorporated  as 
a  city  under  a  charter  granted  by  the  General  As- 
sembly February  14,  1828,  the  bounds  being  thus 
described : 

"  That  Buch  parts  of  thfe  Township  of  Newton  as  are  contained 
within  the  following  limits :  beginning  at  the  Pennsylvania  line,  in 
the  river  Delaware,  opposite  the  mouth  of  a  small  run  of  water  be- 
low Kaighnton,  which  run  is  the  line  between  lands  late  of  Isaac 
Mickle,  deceased,  and  Joseph  Kaighn,  and  running  thence  east  to 
the  mouth  of  said  run,  and  thence  up  the  same,  the  several  courses 
thereof,  crossing  the  public  road  leading  to  Woodbury  from  the 
Camden  Academy;  thence  northerly  along  the  east  side  of  said  road, 
to  the  road  leading  from  Kaighnton  to  Coopers  Creek  Bridge ; 
thence  along  the  eastwardly  aide  of  said  last-mentioned  road,  and 
the  southwardly  side  of  the  causeway  and  bridge  to  the  middle  of 
Coopers  Creek  ;  thence  down  the  middle  thereof  to  the  river  Dela- 
ware ;  thence  due  north  to  the  middle  of  the  channel  between  Pettys 
Island  and  the  Jersey  fast  land,  or  shore  ;  thence  down  said  channel 
and  river  to  the  nearest  point  on  the  line  established  between  the 
States  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey ;  thence  down  said  line  to 
the  place  of  beginning,  shall,  and  the  same  are  hereby  erected 
into  a  City,  which  shall  henceforth  be  called  and  known  by  the 
name  of  the  City  of  Camden." 

These  bounds  above  described  contained  three 
and  nine-tenths  square  miles,  or  two  thousand  four 
hundred  and  ninety-six  acres,  of  fast  land,  and  a 
population  of  eleven  hundred  and  forty-three, 
separated  into  five  groups  or  villages,  each  with 
one  or  more  appellation  applied  to  it.  Coopers 
Point  was  known  as  "  William  Cooper's  Ferry," 
Kaighns  Point  as  "Kaighnton."  "Pinchtown" 
was  the  term  applied  to  Edward  Sharp's  settle- 
ment, on  the  river-shore,  south  of  Federal  Street. 
"  Dogwoodtown  "  was  the  term  applied  to  a  clus- 
ter of  houses  near  Isaac  Vansciver's  carriage  fac- 
tory, at  Tenth  Street  and  Federal,  the  name  com- 
ing from  the  fact  that  many  dogwood  trees  grew  in 
the  large  grove  in  that  locality.  Camden  was  the 
title  of  that  portion  of  the  present  city  lying  be- 
tween the  river  and  Sixth  Street  and  between 
Cooper  Street  and  a  line  between  Market  Street 
and  Arch.  This  last  was  the  most  considerable 
and  contained  a  population  greater  than  all  the 
others  combined.  Outside  these  villages  all  was 
farm  land  and  woodland.  Extending  from  the 
mouth  of  Coopers  Creek  in  a  southwest  direction  to 
Fourth  Street  and  Line,  was  a  fine  grove  of  oaks 
and  pines,  many  of  them  of  large  size.  The  re- 
mains of  this  grove  are  yet  to  be  seen  at  the  "  Dia- 
mond Cottage."  It  was  a  mile  from  Kaighnton  to 
'  Pinchtown,  and  in  summer  corn-fields  covered  the 
interval.  With  such  rural  belongings  there  seemed 


little  in  the  conditions  surrounding  these  eleven 
hundred  and  forty-three  people  demanding  muni- 
cipal government,  more  than  had  existed  during 
the  one  hundred  and  forty-six  years  that  had 
elapsed  since  William  Cooper's  first  talk  with 
Arasapha  at  Coopers  Point,  in  1682,  soon  after  set- 
tling there  on  his  arrival  from  Burlington.  Nor, 
indeed,  was  it  for  the  purpose  of  laying  out  and 
improving  the  roads  through  the  fields,  orchards 
and  forests  covering  most  of  the  surface  within  the 
limits  of  the  city  that  a  charter  was  desirable.  The 
township  committee  could  mend  and  make  roads 
as  well  and  as  cheaply  as  a  committee  of  the  City 
Council ;  and  the  township  government  was  not 
superseded  by  the  charter.  Yet  it  was  because  of 
these  very  conditions  that  a  city  government  be- 
came a  necessity.  The  woods  and  orchards  lured 
multitudes  of  Philadelphians  to  these  shores  in 
search  of  shade,  air  and  recreation,  and  the  police 
force  of  a  township  afforded  little  restraint  upon 
those  inclined  to  turbulence,  and  there  were  many 
such.  Besides  the  Vauxhall  Garden  and  the  Co- 
lumbia Garden,  every  ferry  had  its  pleasure  garden, 
the  profits  of  which  arose  largely  from  the  sale  of 
apple  brandy  and  other  intoxicants,  which  caused 
frolics  and  disturbances,  and  life  and  property  be- 
came insecure.  It  was  to  suppress  these  troubles 
that  led  to  the  incorporation,  with  the  belief  that 
the  police  protection  provided  by  a  city  government 
would  accomplish  the  object  desired.  John  Law- 
rence, Eichard  Fetters,  John  K.  Cowperthwaite 
and  other  large  property-owners  interested  in  the 
rule  of  order  and  quiet,  sought  for  and,  in  defiance 
of  strenuous  opposition  on  the  part  of  ferry-mas- 
ters, succeeded  in  procuring  a  charter  providing 
for  the  election  of  a  mayor  and  other  officials  to 
restrain  and  arrest,  and  a  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions 
to  convict  and  punish  the  unruly  within  the  city's 
bounds.  It  was  a  police  government,  little  else 
was  sought  after,  and  that  was  secured.  The  Quar- 
ter Sessions  Court  under  the  city  charter  did  very 
eflective  work ;  but  a  certain  authority  says  "  It 
took  thirty  years  before  turbulence  in  Camden 
succumbed  to  the  authority  of  the  law." 

The  provisions  of  the  charter  of  February,  1828, 
were  few  and  simple.  With  the  supplement  of 
March  1st  of  the  same  year,  it  provided  for  the 
election  of  one  recorder  and  five  aldermen  at  a 
joint  meeting  of  the  Legislature,  and  the  election 
of  five  Common  Councilmen  by  the  people,  who, 
with  a  mayor  elected  by  the  Common  Council, 
"  shall  be  one  body  politic,  in  deed,  in  fact,  name 
and  law,  by  the  name,  style  and  title  of  '  The 
Mayor,  Aldennen  and  Common  Council  of  the 
City  of  Camden.'  "    The  mayor  and  recorder  pre- 


426 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


sided  at  the  meetings,  the  latter  in  the  absence  of 
the  former,  and  both  voted  on  all  questions,  but 
were  without  veto  power. 

As  thus  constituted,  the  Common  Council  was 
empowered 

"  To  make  such  by-laws,  Ordinances  and  regulations,  in  writing, 
not  repugnant  to  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the  State  of  New  Jer" 
Sey  or  of  the  United  States,  and  the  same  to  enforce,  revoke,  alter  or 
amend,  as  to  them  shall  appear  necessary  for  the  well  ordering  and 
governing  of  the  said  City  and  its  inhabitants ;  to  appoint  a  City 
Treasurer,  Marshall  and  such  other  subordinate  officers  as  they  may 
think  necessary  for  the  good  government  of  the  said  City." 

Section  8  provided  that  Common  Council 

"Shall  have  the  sole  and  exclusive  right  of  licensing  and  assessing 
.  every  inn-keeper  and  retailer  of  spirituous  liquors  residing  within 
the  City." 

These  provisions  embrace  all  the  powers  ex- 
pressly granted,  and,  as  will  be  seen,  were  police 
powers  merely.  Although  a  city,  Camden  was  un- 
der the  jurisdiction  of  Newton  township,  and  so 
continued  until  1831,  when  it  was  erected  into  a 
township  called  Camden  township,  thus  presenting 
the  peculiarity  of  a  dual  government,  city  and  town- 
ship, each  competent  to  exercise  prerogatives  both 
attempted  to  assume,  the  conflict  of  seeming 
authority  leading  at  times  to  confusion,  the  same 
men  sometimes  acting  in  two  bodies,  the  Common 
Council  and  the  township  committee,  both  of 
which  were  trying  to  mend  the  same  piece  of  road, 
and  both  city  and  township  levying  a  tax  to  raise 
money  for  the  same  purpose.  The  authority  to 
levy  taxes  was  not  vested  in  the  City  Council,  and 
that  body  never  exercised  such  power  until  author- 
ized by  the  charter  of  1851.  The  tax  levy  was 
iixed  at  the  town-meeting,  when  city  and  township 
officers  were  elected,  and  the  Council  acted  as  the 
disbursing  agent  merely ;  yet  in  the  first  year  of 
its  existence  that  body  built  the  City  Hall,  and 
borrowed  two  thousand  five  hundred  dollars  of  Ja- 
cob Evaul  to  pay  for  it.  The  only  sure  income  of 
the  city  was  derived  from  tavern  licenses,  and  these 
taxed  at  rates  ranging  from  ten  to  twenty-five  dol- 
lars each,  amounted  to  one  hundred  and  eighty- 
two  dollars  in  1829. 

Supplements  to  Chaetee. — Various  supple- 
ments to  the  charter  were  passed  by  the  Legisla- 
ture. Those  of  1833  and  1887  were  unimportant, 
while  that  of  1844  (the  year  Camden  County  was 
erected),  in  addition  to  the  provision  making  the 
mayor  elective  by  a  direct  vote  of  the  people,  gave 
the  Council  the  exclusive  authority  to  grade,  curb 
and  macadamize  the  streets,  and  to  compel  owners 
to  pave  their  sidewalks. 

The  supplement  of  1848  divided  the  city  into 
three  wards — that  portion  lying  north  of  Arch 
Street  and  Federal  to  be  called  the  North  Ward; 


the  district  between  the  above-named  streets  and 
Line  Street  to  be  called  the  Middle  Ward ;  and  all 
south  of  Line  Street  to  be  called  the  South  Ward.' 
Each  ward  was  entitled  to  elect  two  Councilmen 
and  one  chosen  freeholder.  These  six  Councilmen 
the  five  aldermen  provided  for  in  the  charter  of 
1828,  with  the  mayor  and  recorder,  constituted  the 
Common  Council,  with  little  increase  of  power 
over  that  conferred  by  the  act  of  incorporation  of 
twenty  years  before.  There  was  no  authority  to 
survey  and  regulate  the  grades  of  the  city.  Houses 
were  built  in  swamps  and  on  hilltops,  each  side- 
walk had  an  altitude  of  its  own,  and  adjoining 
pavements  would  vary  in  height.  The  city  was 
laid  out  in  sections.  Jacob  Cooper  laid  out  the 
town  of  Camden,  in  1773,  on  a  regular  plan,  which, 
if  it  had  been  followed,  would  have  resulted  in 
some  approach  to  uniformity,  but,  unfortunately, 
the  city  was  planned  in  sections,  each  regular  with- 
in itself,  but  irregular  in  relation  to  the  others. 
Joseph  Kaighn  laid  out  Kaighnton,  and  Richard 
Fetters  planned  Fettersville.  Robert  Stevens 
made  his  plat,  south  of  Bridge  Avenue  and  west  of 
Fourth  Street,  to  correspond  with  Jacob  Cooper's 
original  plan  of  a  town,  but  the  streets  running 
south  from  Camden,  and  the  streets  running  north 
from  Kaighnton,  reached  Line  Street  two  hundred 
feet  apart.  William  D.  Cooper  laid  out  Coopers 
Hill  into  lots  without  regard  to  any  of  the  streets 
to  the  north,  south  or  west.  The  result  is  that  Sec- 
ond Street  is  the  only  street  west  of  Eighth  con- 
tinuous in  its  course  from  the  northern  to  the 
southern  bounds  of  the  city.  The  Council  had  no 
power  to  prevent  such  an  untoward  state  of  affairs. 
The  city  was  growing  rapidly,  with  a  population 
of  nearly  ten  thousand.  The  old  charter,  intended 
only  to  confer  police  powers,  was  inadequate  to 
present  needs,  which  required  prerogatives  of  a 
more  enlarged  character. 

New  Chaetee. — A  new  act  of  incorporation, 
which  should  cover  present  and  iiiture  require- 
ments, was  dratted,  which  served  its  purpose,  with 
a  few  simple  modifications,  for  twenty-one  years, 
and  until  the  population  had  increased  three-fold. 
This  was  known  as  the  Dudley  charter,  being 
drawn  up  by  Thomas  H.  Dudley,  and  was  passed 
by  the  Legislature  at  the  session  of  1850.  The 
bounds  of  the  city,  under  this  charter,  were  left 
unchanged,  and  the  division  into  North,  Mid- 
dle and  South  Wards  was  maintained.  The  offi- 
cers were  a  mayor,  a  recorder,  six  aldermen,  six 
Councilmen,  a  clerk,  a  treasurer  and  a  marshal, 
besides  ward  officers.  The  mayor  and  Councilmen 
were  elected  annually,  the  recorder  and  aldermen 
triennially.  The  mayor,  aldermen  and  Councilmen, 


THE  CITY  Of  CAMDEN. 


427 


or  a  majority  of  them,  constituted  the  City  Council 
of  the  city  of  Camden.    The  mayor  or,  in  his  ab- 
sence, one  of  the  aldermen  presided,  but  the  mayor 
had  no  vote  save  when  there  was  a  tie.    By  the 
supplement  of  1851  the  mayor  and  aldermen  were 
eliminated,  and  each  ward  elected  six  Councilmen 
for  three  years,  two  each  year,  and  the  Council 
thus  constituted  elected  a  president  from  their  own 
number  to  preside.    Among  the  new  and  essential 
powers  granted  by  the  new  charter  to  the  City 
Council  were  these, — To  cause  the  city  to  be  sur- 
veyed and  mapped,  and  compel  persons  opening 
streets  to  open  them  in  accordance  with  the  sur- 
vey ;  to  regulate  the,  erection  of  buildings  and  pre- 
scribe their  character ;  to  raise  by  tax  money  for 
municipal  purposes,  and  also  for  school  purposes  ■ 
to   appoint  police  officers ;  to  regulate  the  water 
supply,  appoint  fire  wardens  and  regulate  firemen. 
The  power  to  raise  money  for  school  purposes  was 
transferred  to  the  school  trustees  by  the  supple- 
ment of  1853.     Under  the  charter  of  1828  farm 
lands  and  improvements  were  not  taxable  for  city 
purposes,  but  it  was  to  be  assessed  at  its  true 
value,  and  taxed  for  all  purposes.     The  authority 
to  grant  liquor  licenses  was  omitted,  but  the  omis- 
sion was  supplied  by  the  supplement  of   1852, 
which  also  enlarged  the   powers  concerning  the 
construction  of  houses,  and  authorized  the  appoint- 
ment of  building  inspectors.     Other  supplements 
to  the  charter  were  made  from  time  to  time,  as 
new  wants,  suited  to  the  new  conditions  attending 
rapid  growth,  made  it  necessary.     One,  in  1860, 
conveyed  authority  to  construct  culverts  and  abate 
nuisances,  while  that  of  1866  divided  the  city  into 
culvert  districts,  and,  under  its  provisions,  more 
drainage  has  been  accomplished  than  in  most  cities 
of  the  size,  and  the  cost  so  distributed  as  to  be 
scarcely  felt.    In  1864  power  was  given  to  build  a 
work-house  and  to  borrow  money,  limiting  the  sum 
to  not  more  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand 
dollars,  and  not  more  than  twenty-five  thousand 
dollars  in  any  one  year.     The  same  act  provided 
for  the  election,  by  the  people,  of  a  city  treasurer, 
city  surveyor  and  a  city  solicitor  for  terms  of  two 
years.    They  had  been  elected  annually  by  the 
City  Council. 

These  comprise  the  principal  amendments  to  the 
Dudley  charter  of  1850,  which  had  served  its  pur- 
pose well  and  under  it  the  city  had  made  phe- 
nomenal advances,  but  in  1870,  with  a  population 
of  over  twenty  thousand  and  over  eight  thousand 
people  in  Stockton  and  other  contiguous  settle- 
ments, whose  wants  were  identical  with  those  with- 
in the  corporate  limits,  it  was  deemed  wise  to 
extend  the  borders,  and  so  enlarge  the  prerogatives 


of  the  city  government  as  to  enable  it  to  meet 
exigencies  sure  to  arise  and  increase  with  its 
growth. 

Alden  C.  Scovel  was  city  solicitor,  and  to  him 
was  assigned  the  task  of  preparing  a  fundamental 
law  broad  enough  to  provide  for  the  present  and 
future  requirements  of  the  metropolis  of  West 
Jersey.  The  result  was  "  An  act  to  revise  and 
amend  the  charter  of  the  city  of  Camden :  Ap- 
proved February  14,  1871,"  precisely  forty-three 
years  after  the  first  charter  was  granted,  in  which 
time  the  population  had  increased  over  seventeen- 
fold,  or,  including  the  annexed  suburbs,  twenty- 
five-fold. 

The  revised  charter  extinguished  the  ancient 
township  of  Newton.  Camden  was  taken  from  it 
in  1831,  Haddon  township  in  1865  and  what  re- 
mained was  annexed  to  Camden  in  1871.  The 
new  bounds  of  the  city  are  thus  given  in  the 
charter, — 

"  Beginning  at  a  point  in  the  river  Delaware,  as  far  westerly  as 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey  extends,  opposite  to  the 
mouth  of  a  stream  of  water  called  Newton  Creek  ;  thenco  running 
easterly  to  the  mouth  of  said  Newton  Creek,  and  thence  np  the 
centre  of  said  creek,  the  several  courses  thereof,  to  the  North  branch 
of  said  Newton  Creek  ;  thence  following  the  centre  of  said  North 
branch  of  said  Newton  Creek,  its  several  courses  thereof,to]th6  middle 
of  the  Mount  Ephraim  turnpike  road ;  thence  in  a  northwesterly 
course  along  the  middle  of  said  Mount  Ephraim  turnpike  road  to 
the  intersection  of  said  Mount  Ephraim  turnpike  road  and  the 
Stockton  and  Newtown  turnpike  road,  also  known  as  Kaighns  Point 
ferry  road  ;  thence  along  the  middle  of  the  said  Stockton  and  New- 
town turnpike  road,  in  a  northeasterly  direction, to  the  middle  of  the 
White  Hoi-se  turnpike  road  ;  thence  northeasterly  along  the  middle 
of  the  said  Stockton  and  Newtown  turnpike  road  to  the  middle  of 
the  Haddonfield  turnpike  road  ;  thence,  in  a  northeasterly  direction 
in  a  straight  line  with  the  middle  line  of  the  said  Stockton  and 
Newtown  turnpike  road  to  the  middle  of  Coopers  Creek  ;  thence 
down  the  middle  of  said  creek  in  a  northwesterly  direction  along  the. 
several  courses  thereof  to  the  river  Delaware  ;  thence  due  north  to 
the  middle  of  the  channel  between  Potty's  Island  and  the  Jersey 
fast  land  or  shore ;  thence  due  west  to  a  point  as  far  west  as  the  jur- 
isdiction of  the  State  of  New  Jersey  extends  ;  thence  down  the  Dela- 
ware river  on  aline  as  far  westerly  as  thejurisdiction  extends  to  the 
place  of  beginning." 

The  area  within  these  bounds  was  six  and  a  half 
square  miles,  and  the  population  in  1870,  28,482. 
That  census  shows  a  remarkable  simila,rity  in  the 
population  of  the  three  old  divisions  of  the  city  : 
North  Ward,  6666;  Middle  Ward,  6684;  South 
Ward,  6695. 

The  city  was  divided  into  eight  wards,  Fourth 
Street  serving  for  the  north  and  south  line  between 
the  three— North,  Middle  and  South— wards,  and 
forming  of  North  Ward,  the  First  and  Second  ;  of 
Middle  Ward,  the  Third  and  Fourth;  and  of 
■  South  Ward,  the  Fifth  and  Sixth  Wards ;  while 
Kaighn  Avenue,  extended  in  a  straight  line  to 
Coopers  Creek,  forms  the  division  line  between  the 
Seventh  and  Eighth  Wards. 


428 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Each  ward,  besides  ward  officers,  an  assessor, 
constable,  overseer  of  the  poor,  ward  clerk,  com- 
missioners of  appeal  and  election  officers,  was  en- 
titled to  elect  one  chosen  freeholder,  one  aldermah, 
two  members  of  the  Board  of  Education  and  three 
Councilmen. 

The  mayor,  recorder,  city  treasurer,  receiver  of 
taxes,  aldermen  and  councilmen  were  made  elec- 
tive by  the  people  for  three  years,  and  members  of 
the  Board  of  Education  for  two  years.  The  City 
Council  was  empowered  to  appoint  a  city  clerk, 
city  surveyor,  building  inspector,  city  solicitor, 
sealer  of  weights  and  measures  and  such  other 
officers  as  might  be  deemed  necessary  for  the 
proper  conduct  of  the  affairs  of  the  city.  Under 
this  provision,  the  Council  has  established  the 
offices  of  superintendent  of  the  water-works,  clerk 
of  the  Water  Department,  chief  of  the  Fire  Depart- 
ment, supervisor  of  highways,  city  controller  and 
subordinate  offices  in  these  various  departments. 
The  appointment  and  control  of  the  police  and  a 
chief  of  police  was  with  the  Council,  but  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  mayor  by  a  supplement  in  1872.  By 
a  supplement  passed  in  1874,  provision  was  made 
for  the  election  of  three  city  assessors,  who  shall 
have  sole  charge  of  the  valuation  of  property  for 
taxing  purposes,  and  the  ward  assessors,  who  pre- 
viously performed  that  duty,  all  of  whom  were 
constituted  a  court  of  appeal  from  unjust  taxation. 
The  ward  office  of  judicious  freeholders  or  com- 
missioners of  appeal,  was  abolished. 

In  the  spring  of  1872  there  was  a  deadlock  in 
the  City  Council  on  the  election  of  a  president, 
and  the  Legislature  passed  a  supplement,  provid- 
ing for  the  election  of  a  Councilnian-at-large,  mak- 
ing the  number  of  Councilmen  twenty-five. 

By  the  supplement  of  March  12,  1873,  the  city 
debt  was  limited  to  one  million  dollars,  and  loans 
for  any  one  year  should  not  exceed  twenty-five 
thousand  dollars.  Statutes  have  since  been  enac- 
ted enlarging  these  limitations. 

In  1876  an  act  was  passed  amending  the  charter 
by  transferring  the  power  to  grant  tavern  licenses 
from  the  City  Council  to  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas,  on  an  appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court,  the 
act  was  declared  to  be  unconstitutional,  because 
special,  and  therefore,  void. 

The  revision  of  1871  was  an  amplification  of  the 
charter  of  1850,  enlarging  the  powers  of  the  City 
Council  in  some  cases  and  making  them  plainer  in 
others,  and  is  sufficiently  elastic,  while  stringent, 
to  secure  good  government  under  good  manage- 
ment. 

The  enlargement  of  the  city  bounds  included  a 
large  amount  of  farm  land,  chiefly  in  the  Eighth 


Ward,  the  owners  of  which  objected  to  paying  a 
tax-rate  demanded  by  urban  improvements,  and 
desired  to  sever  the  connection.  To  this  end  an  act 
was  passed  by  the  Legislature  setting  off  that  por- 
tion of  the  ward  lying  east  of  a  line  running  from 
Tenth  Street  and  Kaighn  Avenue,  south  to  Vanhook 
Street,  east  to  the  west  line  of  Evergreen  Cemetery, 
and  south  to  the  north  branch  of  Newton  Creek,  to 
Haddon  Avenue.  The  terms  of  the  act  were :  that 
the  set  off  portion  should  pay  a  pro  rata  share,  esti- 
mated by  assessed  values  of  the  city  debt  incurred 
and  unpaid  subsequent  to  the  annexation  of  New- 
ton township  in  1871 ;  three  of  the  Haddon  town- 
ship committee  and  three  citizens  of  Camden  ap- 
pointed for  the  purpose,  to  ascertain  and  report, 
and  if  the  amount  apportioned  was  not  paid  with- 
in three  months  after  such  report  was  made,  the 
act  was  to  be  null  and  void.  The  assessment  was 
made  and  the  report  rendered,  but  the  residents 
failing  to  pay  within  the  time  specified,  the  trans- 
fer failed. 

The  Fiest  City  Hall. — The  charter  incorporat- 
ing the  town  of  Camden  into  a  city  was  obtained 
in  1828.  After  the  election  of  members  to  form  the 
Council  of  the  new  city  had  taken  place,  they  met 
for  the  first  time  and  organized  in  a  building  used 
for  the  meeting  of  various  societies  within  the 
limits  of  what  was  long  known  as  the  Vauxhall 
Garden.  Soon  thereafter  a  room  on  the  second 
story  of  Eichard  Fetters'  store,  at  the  southeast 
corner  of  Third  Street  and  Market,  was  rented  as  a 
"  Council-room  and  Court  Hall.''  This  place  was 
used  but  a  short  time.  On  May  14th  of  the  same 
year  three  lots  were  purchased  on  the  south  side  of 
Federal  Street,  and  the  building  committee,  com- 
posed of  John  K.  Cowperthwaite,  Samuel  Laning 
and  Richard  Fetters,  was  empowered  to  borrow 
two  thousand  five  hundred  dollars  on  the  credit  of 
the  city,  with  which  to  erect  an  appropriate  "  City 
Hall,  Court-House  and  Jail."  The  money  was 
obtained  from  Jacob  Evaul,  a  well-to-do  farmer, 
who  lived  a  short  distance  from  town.  The  build- 
ing then  erected  was  of  stone,  with  a  brick  front  of 
forty  feet  on  Federal  Street,  and  two  stories  high, 
with  an  attic.  It  was  completed  by  the  early  part 
of  1829.  Gideon  V.  Stivers  was  the  carpenter; 
William  Fortiner,  the  mason ;  David  K.  Lock, 
now  (1886)  engaged  in  the  produce  business  in  the 
market  on  the  site  of  the  old  City  Hall,  was 
one  of  the  workmen  employed  by  the  master  car- 
penter. The  basement  of  the  building  contained 
the  prison.  The  court-room,  used  also  for  the 
sessions  of  the  Council,  and  for  public  meetings, 
was  in  the  second  story,  and  the  attic  served  the 
purpose  of  a  jury-room.     A  broad  stairway  on  the 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


429 


outside  led  to  the  second  story,  where  an  entiance 
was  gained  through  a  double  door.  The  "  third 
story  "  was  let  to  Camden  Lodge,  No.  45,  at  twenty 
dollars  per  year,  but  if  the  Council  saw  fit  to  put  in 
"  Dormand"  windows,  the  lodge  was  to  pay  four 
dollars  additional,  and  the  Council  was  to  have 
the  use  of  the  room  on  "  said  third  story  at  all  the 
Courts  of  Quarter  Sessions."  This  unpretentious 
structure  served  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  de- 
signed during  a  period  of  half  a  century,  undergoing, 
but  few  changes.     About  thirty  years  after  it  was 


scenes  and  incidents  that  took  place  within  its 
walls  before  its  demolition,  it  would  have  furnished 
much  that  is  interesting. 

The  New  City  Hall. — This  massive  structure 
of  imposing  appearance  is  the  second  building 
which  Camden  has  owned  and  used  for  the  trans- 
action of  municipal  affairs  and  for  keeping  the 
records  of  the  city.  It  is  constructed  of  a  fine 
quality  of  brick,  is  trimmed  in  brown-stone  and 
has  large,  airy  and  convenient  apartments.  Its 
situation  is  on  an  elevation  and  from  its  summit  is 


iCsUii3iliI 


THE   NEW   CITY    HALL. 


erected,  a  one-story  building  was  added  on  either 
side  of  the  front  stairway.  One  was  used  as  an 
oflSce  for  the  mayor,  and  the  other  for  the  clerk.  This 
historic  old  building,  in  which  the  "  city  fathers" 
discussed  the  great  questions  pertaining  to  the 
public  good  and  the  successful  growth  and  devel- 
opment of  the  city  and  her  people,  served  its  pur- 
pose for  a  period  of  half  a  century.  In  1877  it  gave 
place  to  the  market-house  then  erected  on  the 
same  site.  Could  the  old  hall  of  justice  and  legis- 
lation have  told  its  own  history,  and  described  the 
51 


afforded  a  fine  view  of  the  two  cities,  of  the  scenery 
up  and  down  the  noble  Delaware  and  a  large  area 
of  the  surrounding  country.  The  original  hall 
was  insufficient  for  the  demands  of  a  rapidly-grow- 
ing and  prosperous  city,  which,  after  the  annexa- 
tion of  the  township  of  Newton,  had  a  population 
of  nearly  thirty  thousand.  The  demands  for  a 
new  city  hall  became  urgent.  An  act  of  the  Leg- 
islature was  passed  giving  the  city  authorities 
power  to  issue  and  dispose  of  bonds  to  the 
amount  of  seventy-five  thousand  dollars,  and   in 


430 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


1871,  Jesse  W.  Starr  offered  to  donate  four  and 
one-half  acres  of  land  upon  which  to  construct 
the  building.  After  considerable  discussion,  re- 
sulting from  the  location  of  the  land  which  was 
then  and  is  yet  without  the  limits  of  the  built-up 
portion  of  the  city,  the  generous  offer  was  not  ac- 
cepted until  1874.  Frederick  Bourquin,  Claudius 
W.  Bradshaw,  James  S.  Henry,  Charles  S.  Mofifett, 
John  S.  Eead,  William  C.  Figner,  Joseph  H. 
Hall,  Augustus  J.  Fulmer,  Charles  S.  Archer, 
William  T.  Bailey  and  James  A.  Parsons  were  ap- 
pointed a  building  committee.  The  plans  and 
specifications  of  the  building  were  prepared  by 
Architect  Samuel  D.  Button,  of  Camden,  and  the 
contract  for  the  construction  of  the  building  was 
given  to  E.  Allen  Ward  for  the  sum  of  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty-five  thousand  dollars.  Prepara- 
tions were  immediately  made  and  the  work  of 
erection  progressed  rapidly  and  soon  after  the  com- 
pletion of  the  building  the  first  session  of  the  City 
Council  was  held  in  it  during  the  month  of  De- 
cember, 1875.  Of  the  exact  cost  of  this  building 
the  truthful  historian  sayeth  not.  A  committee 
appointed  to  inquire  into  the  subject  in  1883  esti- 
mated the  cost  at  one  hundred  and  forty  thousand 
dollars.  This  estimate  included  the  cost  of  con- 
struction only  and  not  the  internal  fixings  required 
to  fit  up  and  furnish  the  apartments  within  the 
building.  The  increase  of  the  cost  above  the 
amount  originally  reported  was  caused  by  changes 
being  made  in  the  plans  during  the  time  the  build- 
ing was  in  the  course  of  erection. 

Mayors  of  Camden. — The  following  is  a  com- 
plete list  of  the  mayors  of  Camden  with  the  terms 
of  their  services.  Following  this  list  are  bio- 
graphical sketches  of  each  of  them  : 


1828-30. 
1830-38. 
1838-40. 
1840-44. 
1844-46. 
1816-46. 
1848-48. 
1848^9. 
1849-51. 
1861-62. 
1852-63. 
1853-55. 
1865-66. 
1856-57. 


Samuel  Laning. 
Gideon  V.  Stivers. 
Elias  Kaighn. 
Lorenzo  F.  Fi.9lor. 
Jolin  K.  Cowperthwaite. 
Charles  Kaighu.l 
Thomas  B.  Wood. 
Benjamin  A.  Hammell. 
Charles  Sexton. 
Lorenzo  F.  Fisler. 
Charles  D.  Hineline. 
Lorenzo  F.  Fifder, 
Samuel  Scull. 
James  W.  Shroff. 


1857-58. 
1858-60. 
18ti0-62. 
1862-63. 
1863-64. 
1864-67. 
1867-71. 
1871-74. 
1874-70. 
1876-77. 
1877-80. 
1880-86. 
1886. 


Benjamin  A.  Hammell. 
Clayton  Truax. 
Thomas  B.  Atkinson. 
Paul  0.  Budd. 
Timothy  Middleton. 
Paul  C.  Budd. 
Charles  Cox. 
Samuel  M.  Gaul. 
John  H.  Jones. 
John  Morgan. 
James  W.  Ayers. 
Claudius  W.  Bradshaw. 
Jesse  Pratt. 


Samuel  Laning,  the  first  mayor  of  Camden, 
was  elected  by  the  Council  in  1828  and  1829,  re- 
signing in  February,  1880,  a  few  weeks  before  the 
expiration  of  his  term.  He  was  long  a  prominent 
man  in  public  affairs,  a  builder  by  occupation,  su- 

1  Richard  W.  Howell  was  elected  for  the  term  beginning  1845  hut 
declined  to  serve. 


pervising  the  erection  of  the  old  City  Hall,  on  Fed- 
eral Street,  in  1828.  In  1840  he  built  the  row  of 
three-story  brick  houses  on  the  south  side  of  Fed- 
eral Street  below  Second,  then  regarded  as  an  im- 
portant improvement.  For  several  years  he  and 
his  son  Paul  conducted  a  livery  stable  at  Front 
Street  and  Federal.  He  was  an  alderman  for  a 
number  of  years. 

Gideon  V.  Stivers,  elected  by  the  Council  in 
1830,  and  each  succeeding  year  until  1837,  inclu- 
sive, was  born  in  Bellville,  Essex  County,  in  1786, 
and  learned  his  trade  of  carpenter  in  New  York 
City.  When  free  he  followed  his  trade  in  Newark 
for  a  short  time  and  then  came  to  Camden.  The  first 
house  he  built  in  this  city,  was  for  Edward  Sharp, 
in  1810,  Silas  Willitts  doing  the  mason  work.  The 
house  still  stands  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Second 
and  Cooper.  He  also  built  St.  Paul's  Church  and 
many  other  buildings.  His  shop  was  on  Fourth 
Street  below  Market.  After  he  came  to  Camden 
he  turned  his  attention  to  bridge-building,  his 
first  effort  in  that  line  being  the  bridge  over  the 
Delaware  between  Lambertville  and  New  Hope. 
David  Locks  and  Benjamin  M.  Farrow,  now  resid- 
ing in  Camden,  worked  for  him,  the  latter  as  an 
apprentice.  In  1838  he  removed  to  Philadelphia, 
returning  to  Camden  in  1856.  In  1859  he  was  the 
Democratic  candidate  for  mayor,  but  was  defeated. 
In  1865  he  again  removed  to  Philadelphia,  where 
he  died  February  26,  1870. 

Elias  Kaighst,  the  third  mayor,  elected  by 
the  Council  in  1838  and  re-elected  in  1839,  was 
born  September  28, 1799,  at  Clarksboro',  Gloucester 
County,  and  when  of  age  came  to  Camden,  locating 
at  Kaighns  Point,  where  he  engaged  in  industrial 
pursuits.  He  was  made  an  alderman  and  as  such 
took  his  seat  in  the  Council  in  1835  and  many  sub- 
sequent years,  being  elected  by  the  people  in  1841, 
when  his  commission  had  expired,  but  resuming 
his  oflice  as  an  alderman  the  following  year.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  City  Council  by  the 
Democrats  of  the  South  Ward  in  1853  for  three 
years.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Camden 
township  committee  and  of  the  Board  of  Chosen 
Freeholders.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Church  when  located  at  Fourth  and  Federal,  and 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Union  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  Fifth  and  Mount  Vernon,  with 
which  he  remained  until  his  death,  holding  vai-ious 
official  positions,  as  steward  and  class-leader,  being 
as  energetic  in  his  religious  life  as  in  his  business 
enterprises.     He  died  November  4,  1864. 

Lorenzo  F.  Fisler,  M.D.,  was  elected  mayor 
by  Council  in  1840  and  re-elected  in  1841-42  and 
'43,  he  being  one  of  the  aldermen  of  the  city  and 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


431 


as  such  taking  his  seat  in  the  Council  in  1839.  He 
was  a  candidate  for  mayor  on  the  Whig  ticket  in 
1848,  but  was  defeated  by  Benjamin  A.  Hammell, 
American.  The  vote  was,  Hammell,  269  ;  Fisler, 
243;  Jonathan  Burr,  Democrat,  249. 

In  1851  he  was  elected  as  the  American  candi- 
date, receiving  440  votes  to  345  votes  for  John 
Sands,  Democrat,  and  135  for  Dr.  Othniel  H. 
Taylor,  Whig.  In  1852  he  was  defeated  by  Charles 
D.  Hineline,  Democrat,  the  vote  being,  Hineline, 
514 ;  Fisler,  512  ;  Walter  Patton,  Whig,  60. 

He  was  the  Whig  and  American  candidate  in 
1853,  and  was  elected,  his  vote  being  649  to  477  for 
Albert  W.  Markley,  Democrat,  and  was  re-elected 
[n  1854  as  the  American  and  anti-Nebraska  nomi- 
nee, receiving  833  votes  to  450  for  John  K.  Cow- 
perthwaite.  He  was  the  Republican  candidate  in 
1859,  but  was  defeated,  as  he  was  in  1866  and  1869, 
when  on  the  Democratic  ticket.  He  was  born  in 
Cumberland  County  in  1797,  came  to  Camden  in 
1836  and  died  in  1871. 

(For  sketch  of  Judge  John  K.  Cowperthwaite, 
the  fifth  mayor,  see  page  215,  and  for  sketch  of 
Richard  W.  Howell,  Esq.,  a  prominent  lawyer,  see 
page  217. 

Chaeles  Kaighn  was  the  sixth  mayor.  Rich- 
ard W.  Howell  was  elected  by  the  people  in  March, 
1845,  but  refused  to  serve,  and  City  Council  elected 
Chas.  Kaighn.  He  was  born  June  30,  1806,  in  the 
Ferry  House,  Front  and  Kaighn  Avenue,  and  was 
the  great-grandson  of  John  Kaighn,  the  first  set. 
tier  at  Kaighns,  Point.  In  the  division  of  the 
estate  of  his  father,  Joseph  Kaighn,  his  share  in- 
cluded the  lands  lying  east  on  Locust  Street,  and 
this  he  sought  to  improve  by  wharfing  the  river- 
front, where  the  ship-yard  now  is,  providing  better 
ferry  facilities  and  filling  up  the  low  grounds,  and 
it  was  to  aid  the  last  improvement  that  he  pro- 
jected a  railroad  upon  which  to  haul  earth  from 
the  high  lands,  the  road-bed  of  which,  along  At- 
lantic Avenue,  is  used  by  the  Gloucester  Railroad- 
He  was  member  of  City  Council,  township  com- 
mittees and  Board  of  Chosen  Freeholders.  He 
was  a  stanch  advocate  of  education,  a  friend  to 
the  poor  and  a  philanthropist.  He  removed  to 
Philadelphia.  He  was  secretary  of  the  Camden  Gas- 
Light  Company  when  he  died,  February  19,  1868. 

Thomas  B.  Wood,  elected  mayor  in  1846  and  re- 
elected in  1847,  was  born  at  AUowaystown,  Salem 
County,  and  worked  on  a  farm  until  he  removed 
to  Williamstown,  Gloucester  County,  where  he 
was  employed  in  a  store  and  afterwards  kept  one 
of  the  hotels  in  that  village.  In  1843  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Assembly  by  the  Democrats. 
During  the  session  of  1844  the  county  of  Camden 


was  set  off  from  Gloucester,  and  Williamstown,  in- 
cluded in  Washington  township  was  embraced 
within  the  limits  of  the  new  county,  of  which 
Wood  was  appointed  the  county  clerk,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Camden  and  was  made  mayor.  When 
his  term  as  clerk  expired' in  1849,  he  engaged  in 
business  at  the  foot  of  Cooper  Street,  and  after- 
wards kept  a  store  on  Pine  Street  below  Fourth, 
where  he  died. 

Benjamin  A.  Hammell  was  mayor  twice:  In 
1848,  when,  as  the  Native  American  candidate,  he 
received  269  votes  to  259  for  Jonathan  Burr,  Dem- 
ocrat, and  Lorenzo  F.  Fisler,  Whig,  and  in  1857, 
when,  as  a  Democrat,  he  received  576  votes  to  529 
for  Joseph  J.  Moore,  American,  and  295  for  Charles 
Reeves,  Republican.  He  was  a  member  of  Council 
in  1845  and  in  1851 ;  was  a  member  for  three  years 
for  the  Middle  Ward.  He  was  engaged  in  the 
sausage  business,  and  died  August  26,  1869. 

Chaeles  Sexton  was  born  near  Jacobstown, 
Burlington  County,  and  came  to  Camden  in  1824. 
He  worked  for  Isaac  Cole  as  a  coach-trimmer,  and 
later  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Camden  and  Am- 
boy  Railroad  Company,  at  the  shops  at  Borden- 
town.  He  was  an  ordained  Baptist  minister.  Al- 
though never  settled  as  a  pastor,  he  preached  in 
many  of  the  pulpits  in  this  section  of  the  State, 
and  assisted  in  establishing  several  churches.  He 
became  a  man  of  influence,  and  was  well  known 
for  his  exemplary  life.  He  was  elected  to  the  City 
Council  in  1845,  and  was  elected  mayor,  as  the 
Whig  and  American  candidate,  in  1849,  receiving 
421  votes  to  376  for  Charles  D.  Hineline,  Democrat. 
He  was  re-elected  in  1850,  by  a  vote  of  477  to 
349  votes  for  George  Smith,  Democrat.  He  died 
in  1883,  at  an  advanced  age. 

Charles  D.  Hineline,  elected  in  1852,  was 
an  erratic  but  brilliant  man.  He  was  born  in 
Northampton  County,  Pennsylvania,  and  learned 
the  trade  of  a  printer  in  Philadelphia.  He  came 
to  Camden  in  1842,  and  purchased  the  Tribune, 
a  weekly  paper,  of  Harrison  &  Ferguson ;  took  in 
with  him  as  partner  Henry  Curtz,  now  of  413 
Federal  Street,  and  changed  the  name  to  the 
American  Star.  In  a  few  months  he  sold  out  his 
interest  to  a  man  named  Crane,  and  went  West. 
Returning  in  1845,  in  the  following  year  he  estab- 
lished the  Camden  Democrat,  which  he  conducted 
with  success  until  1853,  when  he  sold  it  to  Isaac 
Mickle,  the  lawyer  and  historian,  and  returned  to 
his  birth-place,  in  Northampton  County,  where 
he  kept  store  and  engaged  in  the  liquor  business. 
Ill  success  attended  him,  and  in  1855  he  again  came 
to  Camden  and  established  a  weekly  paper  called 
the  Spirit  of  '76,  which,  in  a  few  months,  was  merged 


432 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


into  the  Camden  Democrat.  Shortly  afterwards  he, 
with  Henry  L.  Bonsall  and  William  Van  Nortwick, 
established  the  Mechanics'  Own,  a  labor  paper,  in 
Philadelphia,  and  a  few  years  later  Charles  D. 
Hineline  died.  He  represented  Camden  County 
in  the  Assembly  in  1850  and  1851,  and  was  largely 
instrumental  in  securing  the  passage  of  the  law 
limiting  the  hours  of  labor  to  ten  each  day. 
He  was  an  earnest  advocate  of  the  rights  of  the 
workingman,  and  with  voice  and  pen  advocated 
laws  calculated  to  lighten  the  exhaustiveness  of 
labor. 

Samuel  Scull  was  elected  mayor  by  the  Amer- 
ican party  in  1855,  by  a  vote  of  641  to  544  votes 
for  Thomas  B.  Atkinson.  He  was  born  in  Camden 
in  1816,  and  worked  for  a  time  at  carriage-making, 
his  father,  Samuel  Scull,  being  one  of  the  earliest 
and  most  extensive  carriage-makers  of  the  city. 
He  afterwards  engaged  in  the  sausage  business,  his 
factory  being  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Locust 
and  Kaighn  Avenue.  He  was  elected  to  Council 
in  1851,  and  re-elected  in  1854  and  1856,  and  served 
three  terms  in  the  Assembly.  He  was  one  of  the 
pillars  of  the  Union  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
He  died  January  4,  1864. 

James  W.  Shroep,  mayor  in  1856,  was  elected 
by  the  Democrats,  his  vote  being  752,  to  730  for 
Joseph  Myers,  American  and  Anti-Nebraska.  He 
was  a  carpenter  and  builder,  and  for  many  years 
had  charge  of  the  moulding  loft  at  Starr's  Iron 
Works.     He  died  in  1864. 

Clayton  Teuax,  the  thirteenth  mayor,  was 
born  in  Gloucester  City  December  11,  1814,  and 
came  to  Camden  in  1833,  when  eighteen  years  old,  to 
learn  the  trade  of  shoemaking  with  Reilly  Barrett, 
which  avocation  he  followed  with  success  for  many 
years,  his  shop  and  store  being  on  Arch  Street, 
below  Fourth.  In  1855  he  was  elected  to  repre- 
sent the  Middle  Ward  in  the  City  Council,  and  in 
1860,  having  served  as  mayor,  was  again  elected  to 
Council,  and  re-elected  in  1868,  making  nine  years 
of  service,  during  which  time  he  was  a  leading 
and  influential  member. 

In  1858  he  was  the  candidate  of  the  American 
party  for  mayor,  receiving  also  the  support  of  the 
Eepublicans,  and  was  elected  by  a  vote  of  879,  to 
768  for  Samuel  Doughty,  the  Democratic  nominee. 
He  was  re-elected  in  1859,  having  as  competitors 
Gideon  V.  Stivers,  Democrat,  and  Dr.  Lorenzo  F. 
Fisler,  Republican.  The  vote  was,  Truax,  863 ; 
Stivers,  353  ;  Fisler,  374.  He  died  July  19,  1876, 
and  was  the  first  public  man  in  whose  honor  the 
new  city  hall  bell  was  tolled. 

Thomas  B.  Atkinson  was  elected  to  Council 
from   the  Middle  Ward  in  1853,  and  recorder  in 


1856,  as  a  Democrat,  his  vote  being  777  to  647  for 
William  J.  Miller,  American.  He  was  defeated 
for  mayor  in  1855  by  Samuel  Scull,  and  in  1867 
and  1869  by  Charles  Cox,  but  was  elected  in  1860, 
receiving  608  votes  to  578  for  Paul  C.  Budd,  Ameri- 
can, and  547  for  William  F.  Colbert,  Republican ; 
in  1861,  the  vote  being, — Atkinson,  904;  Budd, 
634;  Samuel  Hufty,  480. 

Mr.  Atkinson  was  born  in  Camden  in  1815, 
and  was  a  son  of  Josiah  Atkinson,  a  prominent 
citizen  and  a  magistrate  of  the  county.  He  was  a 
carpenter  and  builder,  and  a  number  of  large 
buildings  in  the  city  were  the  result  of  his  handi- 
work ;  among  them,  the  Third  Street  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  Third  and  Bridge  Avenue.  He 
became  connected  with  the  church  during  the 
great  revival  of  1837,-38,  and  to  the  end  remained 
a  consistent  member.     He  died  January  3,  1886. 

Paul  C.  Budd  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in 
1804,  and  came  to  Camden  twenty  years  afterward, 
where  he  worked  for  Isaac  Vansciver,  the  carriage- 
maker,  as  a  coach-painter.  House-painting  was 
also  in  his  line,  and  he  worked  at  it  for  many 
years.  In  1852  he  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace 
in  the  North  Ward,  and  re-elected  five  successive 
times,  making  a  total  service  of  thirty  years.  He 
was  appointed  crier  of  the  county  courts  in  1859, 
and  held  the  position  until  within  a' short  time  of 
his  death,  a  period  of  nearly  twenty-two  years.  He 
was  seven  times  a  candidate  for  mayor,  being  de- 
feated three  times — in  1860  and  1861  by  Thomas 
B.  Atkinson,  and  in  1863  by  Timothy  Middle- 
ton. 

The  following  is  the  vote  cast  when  he  was 
elected  mayor :  1862 — P.  C.  Budd,  American-Re- 
publican, 987 ;  James  M.  Cassady,  Democrat,  716. 
1864^P.  C.  Budd,  Republican,  1159;  Timothy 
Middleton,  Democrat,  868.  1865— P.  C.  Budd,  Re- 
publican, 1126;  Wesley  P.  Murray,  Democrat, 
857;  1866,  P.  C.  Budd,  Republican,  1304;  Lorenzo 
F.  Fisler,  Democrat,  1188. 

In  1874  he  was  elected  city  recorder  for  three 
years.  During  his  term  (1876),  John  H.  Jones, 
the  mayor,  died,  but  before  Recorder  Budd  could 
take  possession,  by  virtue  of  his  ofiice  of  recorder, 
the  City  Council  held  a  special  meeting  and  elected 
John  Morgan  to  fill  the  vacancy.  Paul  C.  Budd 
died  in  1881. 

Timothy  Middleton,  elected  mayor  in  1863 
over  Paul  C.  Budd,  Republican,  by  a  vote  of  958 
to  948,  was  born  January  21,  1817,  in  the  stone 
house,  on  the  Kaighn  farm,  now  standing  on  Sixth 
Street,  north  of  Kaighn  Avenue.  His  father, 
Amos  A.  Middleton,  worked  some  of  the  Kaighn 
land  and  afterwards  the  William  Cooper  farm,  and 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


433 


was  a  member  of  the  City  Council  for  ten  consecu-  . 
tive  years, — 1838  to  1848.  On  these  farms  young 
Middleton  was  brought  up,  obtaining  his  education 
in  slack  seasons  at  the  Camden  Academy,  or  in 
the  Hatch  school-house.  On  November  19,  1840, 
he  married  Hester  A.  E.  Jenkins,  daughter  of 
Andrew  Jenkins,  and  rented  the  Johnson  farm  at 
Pea  Shore,  and  then  the  Johnson  farm  at  Glouces- 
ter City.  He  removed  to  Camden  in  1857.  In 
1861  he  was  elected  city  marshal  by  the  Demo- 
crats, and,  in  1863,  mayor.  He  was  a  candidate 
for  the  latter  office  in  1864,  but  was  defeated  by 
Paul  C.  Budd.  He  was  of  kindly  disposition  and 
generally  loved  and  respected.  He  died  April  15, 
1867. 

Chaeles  Cox  was  elected  mayor  in  1867,  on  the 
Eepublican  ticket,  by  a  vote  of  1173  to  1107  for 
Thomas  B.  Atkinson,  re-elected  in  1868  by  1408  to 
1289  for  Dr.  Lorenzo  F.  Fisler,  in  1869  by  1575  to 
1280  for  Thomas  B.  Atkinson  ;  and  in  1870  by  a 
vote  of  1640  to  1575  for  William  H.  Jeffreys.  In 
1871  he  was  the  Republican  candidate  for  city  re- 
corder, and  was  elected  by  a  vote  of  2420  to  2221 
votes  for  John  Goldthorpe. 

Charles  Cox  was  born  at  White  Horse,  Camden 
County,  February  15, 1820,  and  worked  at  farming 
until  fifteen  years  of  age,  when  he  was  apprenticed 
to  Jacob  Shaffer  to  learn  the  painters'  trade,  which 
he  pursued  when  he  came  to  Camden,  in  1839,  and 
followed  for  twenty  years  afterwards.  He  then 
engaged  in  the  milk  business,  with  his  depot  on 
Bridge  Avenue,  below  Fourth  Street,  at  the  house 
he  built  for  his  residence  many  yearsbefore.  When 
his  term  as  recorder  expired,  in  1884,  he  opened  a 
magistrate's  office,  associating  with  it  the  real  es- 
tate business.  He  was  elected  assessor  of  the  city 
in  1844  as  a  Whig.  He  has  been  a  consistent  mem- 
ber of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  for  years. 

Samtjbl  M.  Gaul,  elected  mayor  in  1871  by  a 
vote  of  2415  to  2297  for  William  H.  Jeffreys,  Dem- 
ocrat, is  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  where  he  was 
born  June  2,  1822.  He  learned  shoemaking, 
came  to  Camden  in  1858,  and  in  1861  enlisted  in 
the  army  as  first  lieutenant  of  Company  G,  Fourth 
New  Jersey  Volunteers  ;  served  through  the  war 
and  won  the  captaincy  of  Company  F,  same  regi- 
ment. The  only  other  political  office  he  has  held 
was  that  of  assessor  of  the  South  Ward,  to  which  he 
was  elected  by  the  Eepublicans  in  1870. 

John  H.  Jones  was  elected  mayor  in  1874,  by 
the  Democrats,  over  Henry  L.  Bonsall,  Eepubli- 
can, the  vote  being,  Jones,  2789;  Bonsall,  2748. 
He  died  before  the  completion  of  his  term.  He 
was  born  in  Queen  Anne's  County,  Md.,  in  1809, 
and,  at  the  age  of  fourteen,  went  to  Philadelphia, 


became  a  book  and  job  printer,  and  later  published 
the  Daily  Sun,  a  Native  American  orgaij.  He 
afterwards  published  the  American  Banner,  a 
weekly  advocate  of  Native  American  principles, 
and  which  found  extensive  patronage  in  West 
Jersey.  He  came  to  Camden  and  assumed  the 
leadership  of  the  American  party,  which,  for  sev- 
eral years,  was  dominant  in  the  city  and  strong 
throughout  this  section  of  the  State.  In  1858  he 
was  the  nominee  of  a  section  of  the  party  in  the 
First  District  for  Congress,  but  was  defeated,  and, 
in  1859,  was  the  unsuccessful  candidate  of  that 
party  for  sheriff  of  Camden  County.  He  served  in 
the  Board  of  Chosen  Freeholders  from  the  Seventh 
Ward,  and  there,  as  elsewhere,  was  progressive  in 
his  views.  In  1870,  when  the  Camden  Democrat 
was  struggling  for  life,  Mr.  Jones  was  given  charge 
of  it  and  his  vim  and  ability  soon  placed  it  in  the 
van  of  influential  journals  in  this  part  of  the  State. 
As  a  politician  and  journalist,  he  advocated  the 
rights  of  the  working  men,  and,  as  an  employer, 
practiced  his  precepts,  always  paying  high  wages. 
He  was  childless,  but  no  waif  was  turned  from  his 
door,  and  there  were  always  happy  children  in  his 
house.  He  left  the  mayor's  office  on  the  evening  of 
October  27,  1876,  and  went  to  his  home  at  Seventh 
Street  and  Pine,  and,  shortly  after  entering,  died 
without  a  word. 

John  Morgan  was  appointed  mayor  by  the 
City  Council  to  serve  the  unexpired  term  of  John 
H.  Jones  upon  his  death,  October  27, 1876,  and  he 
filled  the  office  until  the  following  March,  when, 
as  the  Democratic  candidate,  he  was  defeated  by 
James  W.  Ayers.  He  was  a  silver-plater,  born  in 
Philadelphia,  and,  coming  to  Camden  in  1841,  he 
carried  on  an  extensive  business  in  his  line.  He 
died  some  years  ago. 

James  W.  Ayeks,  elected  mayor  on  the  Eepub- 
lican ticket  in  1877,  over  John  Morgan,  by  a  vote 
of  3907  to  8030,  was  born  in  New  York  City,  No- 
vember 24,  1822,  of  New  Jersey  parents,  and, 
when  ten  years  of  age  was  apprenticed  to  the 
hair  cloth  and  curled  hair  trade,  serving  six  years. 
At  sixteen  he  was  employed  as  a  journeyman.  In 
1841  he  came  to  Camden,  and,  for  sixteen  years 
worked  for  Samuel  Eoss,  the  hair  cloth  manufac- 
turer, at  Fourth  and  Federal.  He  was  on  the  po- 
lice force  in  1861,  and  again,  from  1864  to  1874^ 
under  Mayors  Budd,  Cox  and  Gaul.  When  not  on 
the  police  force,  he  was  employed  by  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Eailroad  in  various  capacities,  as  also  since 
the  expiration  of  his  term  as  mayor,  in  1880.  He 
was  chief  engineer  of  the  Volunteer  Fire  Depart- 
ment, and  was  elected  a  member  of  council  from 
the  Middle  Ward  in  1859. 


434 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Claudius  W.  Bradshaw  was  bora  in  Sheffield, 
England,  October  29,  1835  ;  came  to  America  with 
his  parents  in  1840,  who  located  in  West  Philadel- 
phia, and  in  1843  removed  to  Camden,  where, 
after  obtaining  his  education,  the  son  learned  the 
trade  of  a  wood-turner.  He  worked  at  this  busi- 
ness for  many  years;  in  the  meantime  was  an 
active  member  of  the  Independence  Fire  Company. 
In  1870  he  was  elected  city  marshal  by  the  Demo- 
crats, and  in  1872,  at  a  special  election,  he  was 
elected  Councilman-at-large,  and  broke  the  dead- 
lock in  the  Council,  which  had  continued  for  sev- 
eral weeks.  In  1876  he  was  appointed  chief  of  the 
Fire  Department  by  the  City  Council.  In  1880  the 
Democrats  elected  him  mayor  by  a  vote  of  8511 
to  3470  for  Benjamin  F.  Archer,  Republican,  and 
re-elected  him  in  1883  by  a  vote  of  4317  to  3342 
for  Henry  H.  Davis,  Republican.  He  was  again  a 
candidate  in  1886,  when  Mayor  Pratt  was  elected. 

Jesse  Pratt,  the  present  mayor,  who  illustrates 
in  his  success  what  can  be  accomplished  in  even  a 
short  career,  was  born  at  Blackwood,  Camden 
County,  March  27,  1848,  and  was  a  son  of  William 
and  Deborah  Pratt.  He  obtained  his  education 
at  the  public  schools  of  his  native  village,  and 
worked  as  a  farmer  near  by  until  he  became  of  age. 
In  November,  1869,  he  opened  a  store  in  Stockton 
(now  the  Eighth  Ward  of  Camden),  and,  after  doing 
business  there  six  years,  went  to  Lower  Providence, 
in  Montgomery  County,  Pa.,  where  he  engaged  in 
farming.  In  February,  1876,  he  returned  to  Cam- 
den and  entered  the  provision  business  at  his 
present  store,  122  North  Third  Street,  and  took  up 
his  residence  in  the  Eighth  Ward.  In  1883  Mr. 
Pratt  was  elected  to  the  City  Council.  He  had 
always  entertained  pronounced  temperance  views, 
and  he  voted  against  license  in  the  municipal  body 
to  which  he  was  chosen  ;  hence  it  was  not  unnat- 
ural that  upon  the  expiration  of  his  term,  in  1886, 
he  was  elected  mayor  as  the  Prohibition-Republican 
candidate.  He  received  five  thousand  seven  hun- 
dred and  fifty-eight  votes,  to  the  three  thousand 
nine  hundred  and  ninety  cast  for  Claudius  W. 
Bradshaw,  Democrat. 

Mr.  Pratt  was  married,  November  28,  1868,  to 
Jane,  daughter  of  John  and  Ann  Thornton,  of 
Roxborough,  Philadelphia.  Their  children  are 
William  Henry,  Walter  T.,  Edna,  Thomas  B.  and 
Byron  B.  Pratt. 

The  City  Council. — The  following  are  those 
who,  as  aldermen,  acted  as  members  of  Council 
from  1828  until  1851,  when  aldermen  ceased  to  be 
Councilmen : 


.  1829.  Isaac  Smith. 

1833.  Joseph  W.  Cooper. 

1834.  Eobert  W.  Ogden. 
llichard  Fetters. 

1835.  Elias  Kaighn. 

1837.  Isaac  Wilkins. 

1838.  Isaiah  Toy. 

1839.  Win.  J.  Hatch. 
Lorenzo  F.  Fisler. 


1828. 


COMMON   COUNCIL 

Ebenozer  Toole. 
Richard  Fettei-s. 
John  Lawrence. 
Edward  Daugherty. 
William  Ridgway. 
Ebenezer  Poole. 
Edward  Daugherty. 
Isaac  Wilkins. 
John  Lawrence. 
Joseph  W.  Cooper. 
Charles  H.  Ellis. 
Ebenezer  Toole. 
John  Lawrence. 
Richard  Fetters. 
Charles  Stokes. 
John  Lawrence. 
Richard  Fetters. 
Charles  H  Ellis. 
Ebenezer  Toole. 
Joseph  W.  Cooper. 
Joseph  W,  Cooper. 
Isaiah  Toy. 
Ebenezer  Toole. 
Richard  W.  Howell. 
Robert  W.  Ogden. 
Isaiah  Toy. 
Richard  I'etters. 
William  Ridgway. 
Ebenezer  Poole. 
Isaac  Vansciver. 
Isaiah  Toy. 
Richard  W.  Howell. 
Isaac  Vansciver. 
Joshua  Burrough. 
John  Thome. 
Isaac  Vansciver.    ■ 
John  W.  Mickle. 
Isaac  Wilkins. 
William  Ridgway. 
Isaac  M.  Everly. 
Isaac  Vansciver. 
John  W.  Mickle. 
Isaac  Wilkins. 
Isaac  M.  Everly. 
Benjamin  Buixough. 
John  W.  Mickle. 
Isaac  Vansciver. 
Isaac  Wilkins. 
Peter  R.  Walker, 
Benjamin  Burrough. 


1844.  Charles  Kaighn. 
1846.  Thomas  B.  Wood. 

1848.  Philip  J.  Grey. 
Edward  Browning, 

1849.  AiJa  McAlla. 
Ellis  B.  Hall. 

1850.  Charles  Sexton. 
James  W.  ShrofF. 

MEN  (elected  annually), 

1838.  Isaac  WilkJns. 
Isaac  Vansciver. 
John  W.  Mickle. 
Benjamin  Springer. 
Amos  A.  Middleton. 

1839.  Richard  Fetters. 
Isaac  Vansciver. 
Isaac  Wilkins. 
Amos  A.  Middleton. 
Benjamin  Springer. 

1840.  Seth  Matlack. 
Isaac  Vansciver. 
Isaac  Wilkins. 
Amos  A.  Middleton. 
Benjamin  Springer. 

1841.  Richard  Fetters. 
Amos  A.  Middleton. 
Elias  Kaighn. 
Joab  Scull. 
Charles  S.  Garrett. 

1842.  Gideon  V  Stivers. 
Richard  Fetters. 
Amos  A.  Middleton. 
Charles  S.  Garrett. 
Joseph  Sharp. 

1843.  Benjamin  Springer. 
Amos  A.  Middleton. 
Isaac  Cole. 
Joab  Scull. 
Charles  S.  Garrett. 

1844.  Isaac  Cole. 
John  L.  Rheeso. 
Amos  A.  Middleton, 
Charles  S.  Garrett. 
Clayton  Truax. 

1845.  Charles  J.  Hollis. 
Benjamin  A.  Haminell. 
Charles  Sexton. 
Amos  A,  Middleton. 
Jacob  W.  Sharp. 

184G.  Charles  S.  Garrett. 

John  Thorne. 

Isaac  Colo. 

John  K.  Thompson. 

Amos  A.  Middleton. 
1847.  Isaac  Mickle. 

Joseph  P.  Huyck. 

John  Thorne. 

Charles  S.  Lewis. 

Amos  A.  Middleton. 


(In  1848  a  change  in  the  charter  divided  the  city 
into  North,  Middle  andSouth  Wards,  each  to  elect 
six  Councilmen). 


1828.  Samuel  Laniog. 

John  K.  Cowperthwaite. 


James  W.  Sloan. 
Gideon  V,  Stivei-s. 


1848.  Richard  W.  Howell. 
Charles  S.  Lewis. 
Charles  S.  Garrett, 
Matthew  Miller,  Jr. 
John  R.  Thompson. 
William  B.  Mulford. 


Florance  M.  Bingham. 
John  Sands. 
Wm.  D.  Hicks. 
James  W.  Shroff. 
Joseph  Sharp. 
Joseph  J.  Moore. 


c:^/ 


^e^ 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


435 


1850.  Kichard  Fetters.  Wm.  Lore. 

Joshua  J.  Benson.  Josiah  Sawn. 

Wm.  D.  Hicks.  George  F.  Boss. 

(The  new  charter  of  1851  dispensed  with  the 
mayor,  recorder  and  aldermen  as  municipal  legis- 
lators, and  confined  them  to  the  duty  of  adminis- 
tering the  law  as  magistrates,  and  judges  of  the 
city  sessions  of  court.  It  continued  the  division 
into  three  wards,  and  made  the  council  consist  of 
eighteen  members,— six  from  each  ward,  elected 
for  three  years,  two  from  each  ward  annually,  and, 
instead  of  the  mayor  or  recorder,  Council  elected 
a  president). 


1866.  Alexander  T.  Wilson. 
Henry  L.  Moulton. 
John  Hood. 

James  Elwell. 
Henry  Pierson. 
Thomas  Merryweather. 

1867.  William  Stilea. 
Thomas  C.  Knight. 
Ebenezpr  Wescott. 
John  Fine. 

John  Goldthorpe. 
Mayberry  E.  Harden. 
Job  ChanneL* 

1868.  Wilson  Fitzgerald. 
William  H.  Cole. 
George  W.  Watson. 


Charles  W.  Sutterly. 
Thomas  McDowell. 
Henry  B.  Wilson. 
William  Calhoun. 
Samuel  C.  Harbert. 
Jonathan  Kirkbride. 
Samuel  Iszard. 
Richard  Perks. 
Jehu  Osier. 
,    David  H.  Munday. 
John  S.  Read. 
Josiah  S.  Hackett. 
Charles  Pine. 
John  Goldthorpe.. 
Alonzo  B.  Johnson. 


1851.  Richard  W.  Howell. 
Aula  McAlla. 
Joseph  W.  Cooper. 
Samuel  Lummis. 
Ralph  Lee. 
Samuel  Anderson. 
Wm.  H.  Hood. 
Benjamin  A.  Hammell. 
Wm.  Pinyard. 
Joseph  N.  Emery. 
Wm.  Lore. 

Charles  Sartora. 
Josiah  Sawn. 
Robert  T.  Bannin.     ' 
Samuel  Scull. 
Lambert  F.  Beatty. 
Walter  Nangle. 
Benjamin  G.  Peck. 

1852.  Samuel  Andrews. 
Wm.  D.  Hicks. 
Samuel  Lytle. 
John  R.  Thompson. 
George  W.  Watson. 
Robert  Folwell.i 

1853.  Joseph  W.  Cooper. 
Andrew  W.  Adams. 
Matthew  Miller. 
Thomas  B.  Atkinson. 
Thomas  A.  Wilson. 
Elias  Kaighn. 

1854.  Jesse  Townsend. 
Grundy  Hindle. 
EHwood  K.  Fortner. 
Wm.  Lore. 
Samuel  Scull. 
Wm.  J.  Miller. 

1855.  Samuel  Andrews, 
Wm.  J.  Hatch. 
Clayton  Truax. 
Edmund  E.  Read. 
George  W.  Watson. 
John  G.  Hutchinson. 

1856.  Benjamin  Browning. 
David  Ooraon. 
Abraham  W.  Nash. 
Jesse  E.  Huston. 
Josiah  D.  Rogers.^ 
Josiah  F.  Dorman. 
William  Sharp. 

1857.  Joseph  Trimble. 
John  Ambruster. 
Isaac  W.  Mickle. 


Samuel  Lytle. 
Samuel  Scull. 
Joseph  H.  Peck. 

1858.  SEunuel  Andrews. 
Joseph  R.  HamelL 
Joshua  M.  Lindale. 
Samuel  McLain. 
George  W.  Watson. 
Wm.  F.  Colbert. 

1859.  Charles  P.  Stratton. 
Ralph  Lee. 
Joshua  W.  Roberts. 
James  W.  Ayers. 
Mark  B.  Wills. 
Christopher  J.  Mines. 
Charles  Sharp.3 

1860.  Jacob  H.  Sides. 
Alden  C.  Scovel. 
Clayton  Truax. 
James  H.  Stevens. 
John  R.  Thompson. 
Wm,  Sharp. 

1861.  Aaron  Ward. 

David  M,  Chambers, 
Jesse  E.  Huston. 
Samuel  McLain. 
John  W.  Stutzer. 
John  G.  Nefif. 

1862.  Ralph  Lee. 
Samuel  C.  Cooper. 
James  Elwell. 
John  T.  Davis. 
Mark  B.  Wills. 
George  W.  Watson, 

1863.  John  S.  Read. 
Alexander  T,  Wilson. 
Henry  M.  Innis. 
Clayton  Tmax. 
John  R.  Thompson, 
Thomas  Shields. 

1864.  David  L.  Taylor. 
John  Begary. 
Samuel  McLain. 
Grundy  Hindle. 
Henry  B.  Wilson. 
Jesse  Hall. 

1865.  Samuel  C.  Cooper. 
Benjamin  F,  Archer. 
John  S.  Lee. 
Wilson  Fitzgerald. 
Charles  B.  Coles. 
Levi  B.  Newton. 


(The  revised  charter  of  1871  divided  the  city  into 
eight  wards,  each  ward  having  three  elected  for 
three  years,  each  ward  electing  one  every  year). 


1871.  Charles  A.  Sparks. 
William  Stiles. 
William  H.  Cole.6 
Charles  Mayhew. 
Frederick  Bourquin. 
Jacob  C.  Daubman. 
Charles  C.  Moffett.fi 
Horace  Hammell, 
Thomas  H.  Albright. 
James  Kennedy. 
Anthony  Yoll. 
Andrew  Cunningham. 
Ellis  Boggs. 

John  Dobbins. 

1872.  William  T.  Bailey. 
James  A.  Parsons. 
Augustus  J.  Fulmer. 
Samuel  E.  Radcliff. 
Charles  C.  Molfett. 
Alfred  H.  Mead. 
Thomas  McDowell.' 
James  S.  Henry. 
Joseph  H.  Hall. 
John  Dobbins.s 

1873.  William  S.  Scull. 
John  S.  Read. 
Josiah  S.  Hackett, 
George  Johnson. 
William  W.  Mines. 
William  0.  Figner. 
Edward  Martin. 
John  M.  Harden. 

1874.  Charles  S.  Ridgway. 
John  T.  Bottomley. 
Charles  H.  Biceraan. 
Frederick  Bom-quin, 
Jacob  C.  Daubman. 
John  Guthridge. 
Caleb  F.  Rogers. 
Tbomas  B.  Wood. 


1875. 


1876. 


Wm.  D.  Middleton.o 
Emmor  D.  French. 
James  A.  Parsons. 
Augustus  J.  Fulmer. 
Thomas  J.  Mason. 
Edward  Lewis. 
Henry  B.  Francis. 
James  S.  Henry. 
Winfield  S.  Plank. 
E.  D.  French. 
James  P.  Micbellon. 
Josiah  S.  Hackett. 
George  Johnson. 
Samuel  P.  Dubois.io 
William  Evans. 
Alonzo  D.  Nichols. 
Joseph  Smith. 
John  Heim. 
Charles  P.  Stratton. 
John  T.  Bottomley. 
Frederick  P.  Pfeiffer. 
Charles  N.  Pelouzo. 
Henry  B.  Wilson. 
Thomas  Fields. 
John  Stone, 
Joseph  H.  Hall. 
Bicbard  Perka." 
William  Abies. 
J.  Willard  Morgan. 
Angus  B.  Cameron. 
Crawford  Miller. 
Edward  D.  Knight. 
John  H.  Dialogue. 
Elwood  W.  Kemble. 
John  W.  Dongea. 
Joseph  McAllister. 
James  P,  Michellou. 
Andrew  Rabeau. 
Alexander  J.  Milliette. 
Henry  B.  Francis. 


1  Vice  L.  F.  Beatty,  resigned.      ^  yice  Wm.  Lore,  deceased. 
•*  Vice  J.  H.  Peck,  resigned. 


^Vice  S.  C.  Harbert,  removed. 

5  Vice  R.  Perks,  removed. 

6  Contested  and  was  given  Mead's  seat,  and  Josiah  Matlack  was 
elected  vice  Hammell,  resigned. 

7  Was  elected  vice  Boggs,  resigned.     Claudius  W.  Bi-adshaw  wad 
elected  councilman-at-large  under  a  supplement  to  the  charter. 

8  At  large. 

0  Contested  and  was  given  the  seat. 

10  At  large. 

11  Contested  and  won  the  seat. 


436 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Edward  J.  Dougherty. 

James  A.  "Worrell. 

Benjamin  H.  Smith. 
1880.    Daniel  B.  Smith. 

Wilbur  F.  KOBe. 

Frederick  P.  Pfeiffer. 

William  T.  Mead. 

Lewie  HoU. 

William  T.  Sloan. 

James  S.  Henry. 

John  Stone. 1 

John  Helm. 
1S81.   John  W.  Branning.2 

Charles  F.  HoUinshead. 

Frederick  A.  Kex. 

Angus  B.  Cameron. 

Goldson  Test. 

Eohert  C.  Baker. 

John  H.  Dialogue. 

James  S.  Henry. 

John  W.  Dongas. 

1882.  Joseph  McAllister. 
James  M.  Stradling.3 
John  Campbell. 
John  W.  Wartman. 
D.  Cooper  Carman. 
Frederick  Bourquin.* 
George  Harneff. 

•      B.  Franklin  Bailey .5 
Edward  J.  Dougherty. 
John  Hughes. 
William  W.  Smith. 

1883.  Frank  A.  Kendall. 


George  H.  James. 
William  T.  Mead. 
Maurice  A.  Rogers. 
George  Pfeiffer,  Jr. 
David  T.  Campbell. « 
Francis  F.  Souders. 
Jesse  Pratt. 

1884.  William  B.  E.  Miller.' 
James  M.  Stradling. 
Frederick  A.  Re.x. 
Samuel  A.  Murray. 
Jonathan  Duffleld. 
Henry  C.  Moffett. 
John  H.  Dialogue.   ' 
John  Stone. 
Thomas  Harman. 

1885.  George  Barrett. 
John  Campbell. 
Henry  M.  Snyder.8 
William  Myers. 
Mahlon  T.  Ivins. 
John  D.  Leckner. 
David  T.  Campbell. 
James  Godfrey. 
Charles  H.  Helmbold. 

1886.  Isaac  C.  Githens. 
Henry  M.  Snyder. 
Robert  M.  Barber. 
George  S.  West. 
Maurice  A.  Eogera. 
David  G.  Vannote. 
Joseph  E.  Eoss. 
William  Dorell. 


J.  Willard  Morgan. 

Presidents  of  City  Council. — Previous  to  1851  the 
mayor  or  recorder  presided  over  the  deliberations 
of  City  Council,  and  since  then  the  Council  elected 
a  president  annually. 

1873.  John  S.  Read. 

1874.  William  C.  Figner. 

1876.  Charles  S.  Eidgway. 

1877.  John  T.  Bottomley. , 

1880.  William  Abies. 

1881.  James  P.  Michellon. 

1882.  John  W.  Donges. 

1883.  John  H.  Dialogue.     , 

1884.  James  M.  Stradling.   ' 

1885.  Frederick  A.  Rex. 

1886.  Jonathan  Duffield. 

City  Recorders. — Until  1850  the  recorder  was 
chosen  by  the  Legislature,  since  then  by  the 
people, — 

1862.  Joseph  J.  Moore. 

1865.  Isaac  L.  Lowe. 

1866.  Robert  FolwoU. 
1868.  Levi  B.  Newton. 
1871.  Charles  Cox. 
1874.  Paul  C.  Budd. 
1877-86.  Bonj.  M.  Braker.   . 


1851.  Richard  W.  Howell. 
1854.  Samuel  Andrews. 

1859.  Samuel  Scull. 

1860.  Samuel  Andrews. 
1863.  John  B.  Thompson. 
1865.  Jesse  Hall. 

1867.  Benjamin  F.  Archer. 

1868.  Thomas  C.  Knight. 
18Y0.  Heni-yB.  Wilson. 

1871.  Samuel  Iszard. 

1872.  Josiah  S.  Hackett. 


1828.  John  K.  Cowperthwaite. 
1840.  James  W.  Sloan. 
1848.  Philip  J.  Grey. 
1850.  Jonathan  Burr. 
1883.  Wm.  D.  Hicks. 
18.^6.  Thomas  B.  Atkinson. 
1859.  BleazerJ.  Toram. 

1  At  large. 

3  Elected  vice  HoUinshead,  resigned. 

3  Contested  and  attained  the  seat,  holding  it  until  ousted  by  the 
Supreme  Court,  a  short  time  before  the  term  expired. 
*  Elected  vice  Baker,  deceased. 

5  Elected  vwe  Dougherty,  resigned. 

6  At  Large. 

7  Elected  vice  J.  W.  Morgan,  resigned. 
s  Vice  C.  B.  Cole,  resigned. 


1828. 
1829. 
1831. 
1832. 
1843. 
1844. 
1850. 
1861. 
1856. 
1857. 


Samuel  Ellis. 
William  W.  Butler. 
Thomas  Green. 
Josiah  Harrison. 
Thomas  H.  Dudley. 
Thomas  W.  Mulford. 
Alfred  Hugg. 
Joseph  Myers. 
Alfred  Hugg. 
William  J.  Miller. 


Oily  Clerics. 

1858. 
1859. 
1866. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1876. 
1877. 
1882. 
1884. 


Alexander  A.  Hammell. 
Samuel  W.  Thoman. 
Joseph  C.  Nichols. 
Frederick  W.  Tan'. 
Joseph  C.  Nichols. 
Joseph  Bontemps. 
Frederick  W.  Tarr. 
Frank  F,  Michellon. 
Richard  C.  Thompson. 
D.  Cooper  Carman. 


City  Treasurers  were  appointed  by  Council  an- 
nually until  1866,  when  they  were  made  elective 
by  the  people  for  terms  of  two  years,  changed  to 
three  years  in  1871,- — 


1828. 

1829-38. 

1838-42. 

1843. 

1844. 

1845. 

1846-50. 

1851. 

1852-53. 

1854^55. 

1856. 

1857. 


Eeuben  Ludlum. 
Isaac  Smith. 
Josiah  Harrison. 
Thoma£i  H.  Dudley. 
Thomas  W.  Mulford. 
Jesse  Smith. 
Thomas  W.  Mulford. 
Thomas  H.  Dudley. 
Alfred  Hugg. 
Isaac  H.  Porter. 
James  B.  Dayton. 
Isaac  H.  Porter. 


1858. 

1859. 

1800. 

1861-63. 

1864-65. 

1866-74. 

1874. 

1875. 

1878. 

1881. 

1884. 


Charles  S.  Garrett. 
Reilly  Barrett. 
Isaac  H.  Porter. 
Reilly  Barrett. 
Abner  Sparks. 
Samuel  Hufty. 
Randal  E.  Morgan.^ 
James  W.  Wroth. 
Joseph  A.  Porter. 
Richard  F.  Smith. 
Frank  F.  Michellon. 


Feank  F.  Michellon,  present  city  treasurer^ 
was  born  in  Philadelphia  November  7,  1844,  and 
was  the  son  of  Anthony  and  Elizabeth  (Dorr) 
Michellon,  both  of  old  families  in  this  country, 
that  of  the  former  originally  from  France,  and 
that  of  the  latter  from  Germany,  and  long  settled 
in  Lancaster  County,  Pa.  The  family  removed  to 
Camden  in  1848,  and  the  father  was  for  many 
years  cashier  of  the  old  Kaighns  Point  and  Phila- 
delphia Ferry  Company.  Young  Michellon,  after 
leaving  school,  became  a  clerk  in  the  hardware  store 
of  Henry  B.  Wilson,  and,  later,  was  in  the  office 
of  Peter  L.  Voorhees,  Esq.  In  1862  he  entered  the 
office  of  Benjamin  F.  Glenn,  a  real  estate  agent 
and  conveyancer  of  Philadelphia,  and  there  learned 
conveyancing.  He  constantly  maintained  his  re- 
sidence in  Camden,  and,  in  1877,  was  elected  city 
clerk  and  clerk  of  Council,  which  office  he  held  for 
five  years.  In  1884  he  was  elected  on  the  Repub- 
lican ticket  to  the  more  responsible  position  of 
city  treasurer,  for  the  duties  of  which  his  services 
in  the  lesser  place  had  indicated  his  fitness.  Mr. 
Michellon  was  united  in  marriage.  May  4,  1881,  to 
Elizabeth  L.  (daughter  of  Alfred  and  Catharine) 
Vandegrifb,  of  an  old  Bucks  County,  Pa.,  family. 

Receivers  of  Taxes. — Prior  to  1871  taxes  were 
gathered  by  the  ward  collectors,  but  the  charter  of 
that  year  abolished  the  office  of  ward    collector 

0  Samuel  Hufty  died  in  1874,  and  the  City  Council  appointed  Ran- 
dal E,  Morgan  to  act  until  the  election,  in  1875. 


U^' 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


437 


and  provided  for  the  election  of  a  receiverof  taxes 
by  the  people  for  terms  of  three  years, — 

1871-77.  A.  ClifTord  Jackson.        1883-86.  William  H.  Eightmire. 
1877-83.  George  M.  Tlirashor. 

William  H.  Eightmieb  is  of  Holland  extrac- 
tion, being  a  grandson  of  James  Eightmire,  who 
resided  in  Middlesex  County,  N.  J.,  where  he  was 
both  a  farmer  and  a  school-teacher.  Among  his 
six  children  was  Jacob  V.,  born  March  4,  1800, 
who  also  resided  in  Middlesex  County,  where  he 
filled  the  double  role  of  farmer  and  merchant. 
He  married  Isabella  Franks  and  had  twelve  chil- 
dren— nine  sons  and  three  daughters— all  of  whom 
reached  mature  years.  The  death  of  Mr.  Eight- 
mire occurred  in  October,  1880.  He  was  in  his 
political  predictions  a  Whig,  and  later  a  Eepubli- 
can.  Though  averse  to  office,  he  was  the  recipient 
of  many  distinctions  conferred  by  citizens  irre- 
spective of  party.  A  man  of  public  spirit,  he  was 
liberal  with  his  means  in  enterprises  pertaining 
to  both  church  and  state.  His  son,  William  H. 
Eightmire,  was  born  May  19,  1845,  in  Middlesex 
County,  N.  J.,  where  his  youth  was  spent.  At  the 
age  of  seventeen  he  entered  the  army  as  a  soldier 
in  the  Twenty-eighth  Eegiment  New  Jersey  Vol- 
unteers, and  remained  in  service  ten  months.  He 
was  taken  prisoner  at  Chancellorsville  and  con- 
fined for  three  months  at  Belle  Isle,  opposite  Eich- 
mond,  enduring  meanwhile  many  privations. 
Having  effected  an  exchange,  he  was  sent  to  the 
convalescent  camp  at  Annapolis,  Md.,  and  soon 
after  returned  to  his  home.  On  recovering,  he 
removed  to  South  Amboy,  and  later  came  to  Cam- 
den as  an  employee  of  the  Camden  and  Amboy 
Eailroad.  He  subsequently  entered  and  was 
graduated  from  the  Eastman's  Commercial  College, 
Poughkeepsie,  when,  having  made  Jersey  City  his 
residence,  he  remained  for  four  years  associated 
with  the  Jersey  City  and  Bergen  Eailroad.  Mr. 
Eightmire  then  returned  to  Camden  and  embarked 
in  the  marble  business.  In  1883  he  was  elected 
receiver  of  taxes  for  Camden  for  a  term  of  three 
years,  and  re-elected  in  1886  by  the  largest  majority 
ever  given  in  Camden,  his  support  not  being  con- 
fined to  the  Eepublican  party,  whose  principles  he 
espouses.  He  is  a  member  of  T.  M.  K.  Lee  Post, 
No.  5,  Department  of  New  Jersey,  Grand  Army  of 
the  Eepublic.  Mr.  Eightmire  is  a  supporter  of  the 
Baptist  Church,  of  which  his  wife  is  a  member. 
He  was,  on  the  9th  of  June,  1869,  married  to 
Miss  Lydia  A.,  daughter  of  Augustus  Vansciver,  of 
Camden,  whose  mother,  Mrs.  Rebecca  Stow,  grand- 
daughter of Stow,  a  member  of  the  firm  of 

Percival  &  Stow,  who  cast  the  Independence  bell. 
52 


The  Stows  came  originally  from  Edinburgh,  Scot- 
land.   Their  children  are  Maud  and  Harry  K. 

Frank  S.  Jones  is  of  Welsh  descent.  His  great- 
grandfather was  Nathaniel  Jones,  who,  on  his  emi- 
gration, settled  in  Kalamazoo,  Mich.    His  children 
were  seven  sons,  among  whom  was  Theophilus, 
born  in  Michigan,  who  married  a  descendant  of 
General  Israel   Putnam,  of  Revolutionary  fame. 
Their  children  were  seven  sons,  among  whom  was 
William  D.,  born  in  Utica,  N.  Y.,  where  he  fol- 
lowed the  trade  of  a  painter.     He  later  removed  to 
Philadelphia,  and  there  conducted  business   for 
several   years.     In   1855  he  located  in   Camden, 
where   his   death  occurred  in  1862.     He  married 
Elizabeth  D.,  seventh  daughterof  Benjamin  Grover, 
a  tanner  of  Salem,  Mass.     His  children  were  seven 
sons, — Philip  H.,  Benjamin  D.,  Charles,  Marcus  T., 
John   W.,  Charles   P.   and  Frank  S.     The  last- 
named,  and  only  survivor,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia,  May   21,  1845,  and  spent  his   youth  in  that 
city,  whence  he  removed  to  Camden  in  1855.     His 
early   education  was   received  at  the    Southeast 
Grammar  School,  Philadelphia,  and  he  afterward 
entered  the   Northwest  Grammar  School,  in  the 
same  city.     In  August,  1861,  he   enlisted  in  the 
Fourth  New  Jersey  Eegiment,  and  remained  in 
the  service  until  May,  1862,  the  date  of  his  dis- 
charge as  a   consequence  of  a  wound  received  at 
Annandale,  Va.     In   1868  he  re-enlisted  in   the 
Twelfth    Pennsylvania    Cavalry    Eegiment,  was 
wounded   a  second   time,  and,   being  discharged 
after  one   year  of  service,  returned  to  Camden. 
Mr.   Jones   then   resumed  his    trade — that    of  a 
painter.     He  was,  in  1876,  employed  by  the  gov- 
ernment in  the  clothing  department  of  the  Schuyl- 
kill Arsenal,  Philadelphia,  and,  in  1884,  appointed 
by  the   Board  of  Assessors  of  Camden,  as  clerk 
of  the  board.     He   was,  in   1876,  elected  justice 
of  the  peace,  which  oflBce  he  holds  for  the  third 
term,  and  alderman,  in  which  capacity  he  is  serv- 
ing his  second  term.     He  was  appointed,  in  1886, 
assistant  .receiver  of  taxes  for  the  term  of  three 
years,  and  is  now  filling  that  office.     As  a  Eepub- 
lican,  Mr.   Jones  has  been   actively   engaged  in 
politics.    He  is  a  comrade  of  T.  M.  K.  Lee  Post, 
No.  5,  G.  A.  E.,  and  held    for   three  years    the 
office  of  adjutant.     He  is  secretary  of  the  Veteran 
Charitable  Association,  of  Camden,  and  a  member 
of  the  Improved  Order  of  Eed  Men,  and  of  the 
Heptisophs.    He  was  appointed  by  Governor  Lud- 
low, in  March,  1881,  notary  public.      Mr.   Jones 
worships  with  the  congregation  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church,  of  which  he  is  a  supporter.   He 
was,  on  September  12,  1870,  married  to  Mrs.  Han- 
nah S.  Pierce,  daughter  of  John  W.  Sapp,  of  Cam- 


438 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


den.    Their  only  surviving  child  is  a  son,  William 
H.  Jones. 

aty  Assessors. — Ward  assessor.-i  were  continued 
under  the  charter  of  1871  until  1874,  when  an 
amendment  called  for  the  election  of  three  asses- 
sors for  the  city  at  large,  whose  duties  are  to  make 
the  assessments,  while  the  duty  of  the  ward  asses- 
sors is  to  sit  as  a  court  of  appeal  in  cases  of  unjust 
assessments.  The  city  assessors  are  elected  for 
three  years,  and  the  first  elected  drew  lots  for  the 
one,  two  and  three  year  terms. 

1874.  Edw.  H.  Bolgiana,  2  years.  1874.  E.  Allan  Ward,  3  years. 
M.  E.  Harden,  1  year. 

1875.  Ohas.  S.  Simmerman.  1882.        Charles  Janney. 
1877-79.  E.  H.  Balgiana.  1883-86.  Allen  C.  Wood. 
1877.        Charles  W.  Johnson.  1884.        John  Corbett. 
1878-81.  EeubenB.  Cole.  1886.        William  Thompson. 

1880.  John  B.  Grubb. 

City  Solicitors  were  appointed  annually  by  the 
Council  from  1851  to  1864,  when  they  were  made 
elective  by  the  people  for  terms  of  two  years. 
Under  the  revised  charter  of  1871  the  duty  of 
selection  was  made  to  rest  with  the  City  Council, — 

1851-54.  James  B.  Dayton.  1864^66.  George  M.  Eobeson. 

1855.        Thomas  P.  Carpenter.  1868-70.  Alden  C.  ScoTel. 

1856-67.  Thomas  H.  Dudley.  1872-76.  Alfred  Hugg. 

1858.        Peter  L.  Voorhees.  1878-81.  James  E.  Hayes. 

1859-63.  George  M.  Kobeson.  1884.        J.  Willard  Morgan. 

City  Surveyors  were  chosen  by  the  City  Council 
until  1870,  when  they  were  elected  by  the  people 
for  two  years.  The  charter  of  1871  restored  the 
power  to  Council.  Edward  H.  Saunders  was  elected 
city  surveyor  in  1851,  and  re-elected  annually 
until  his  death,  in  May,  1869,  when  Jacob  H. 
Yocum  was  appointed  until  the  election  in  March 
when  he  was  elected  for  two  years,  and  on  the  ex- 
piration of  his  term,  1872,  was  elected  by  the 
Council  for  three  years,  and  re-elected  in  1875.  In 
1878  John    S.   Shults  was   elected,  re-elected   in 

1881,  and  again  in  1884. 

John  S.  Shults.— When  Charles  Shults,  the 
progenitor  of  the  family  in  America,  arrived  in 
New  York,  in  1750,  he  brought  with  him  a  wife 
and  three  children.  He  died  two  weeks  after  his 
arrival,  which  caused  the  separation  of  the  family. 
His  children  were  Charles,  Eichard  and  Anna. 
Charles  moved  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  was  em- 
ployed in  a  bakery  situated  on  Arch  Street,  above 
Front.  On  one  of  his  daily  trips  to  the  public 
pump  he  met  a  young  lady  of  his  own  name,  and 
upon  inquiry  he  was  astonished  to  know  she  was 
his  sister,  lost  when  a  child,  and  from  her  he 
learned  that  his  mother,  who  was  then  dead,  had 
accompanied  Eichard  to  North  Carolina  where  he 
had  married  and  at  his  death  had  a  large  family. 
Charles  was  married  to  a  Miss  Kelly,  by  whom  he 


had  two  children, — Charles  and  Sarah.  A  few 
years  after  the  death  of  his  first  wife  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Mrs.  Eichmond,  of  Salem  County,  N.  J., 
and  two  children  were  born  to  them, — Nancy  and 
Eebecca.  His  son  Charles  became  a  prominent 
citizen  of  Philadelphia;  was  a  supervisor  of 
streets  and  highways  and  one  of  those  who  as- 
sisted in  laying  out  Washington  Square.  He  was 
married  to  Anna  M.  Bussier,  of  Huguenot  ances- 
try. Her  father,  Dr.  Bussier,  graduated  in  Paris 
and  fled  from  France  on  account  of  his  religious 
convictions.  On  the  passage  he  met  Miss  Eey- 
bold,  a  Swiss  lady,  to  whom  he  was  married  on 
his  arrival  in  this  country.  He  served  in  the 
Eevolution  in  1776  with  distinction.  The  chil- 
dren of  Charles  and  Anna  M.  Shults  were  Charles, 
Eichard,  Philip  M.,  Jane,  Eebecca,  Eliza,  Susan- 
na and  Maria.  The  eldest  of  these  children, 
Charles,  was  married  to  Charlotte  Spangenberg, 
daughter  of  John  and  Charlotte  Spangenberg, 
who  were  natives  of  Philadelphia,  but  whose  pa- 
rents came  from  Germany.  They  had  eleven  chil- 
dren,— Charles,  Alfred,  Leonard  (who  died  an  in- 
fant), John,  Anna  M.,  Mary  S.,  Charlotte  K., 
Theodore  B.  and  Sarah  C.  About  1832  Charles 
moved  to  Berks  County,  Pa.,  where,  as  a  clergy- 
man in  the  German  Eeformed  Church  (English 
branch),  he  preached  for  a  number  of  years  and 
then  removed  to  Eeading.  He  lived  in  that  city 
until  1857  and  then  removed  to  Atlantic  County, 
N.  J.,  near  Absecom,  and  from  thence  to  Camden 
in  1860. 

John  S.  Shults  was  born  in  Eeading,  October 
27,  1836,  and  has  made  Camden  his  home  since 
1860.  Upon  coming  to  Camden  he  taught  school 
in  the  country  until  the  winter  of  1861,  when  he 
was  appointed  a  clerk  in  the  quartermaster's  de- 
partment in  Alexandria,  Va.  Sickness  compelled 
him  to  return  home,  but  the  next  year  he  was  at- 
tached to  the  Sanitary  Commission  and  moved 
with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  till  the  war  closed, 
when  he  returned  to  his  Camden  home.  About  this 
time  Mr.  Shults  entered  the  office  of  Ed.  H.  Saun- 
ders, where  he  studied  surveying.  During  the 
winter  he  taught  school.  Mr.  Saunders  died  in 
1869  and  he  was  succeeded  by  Jacob  H.  Yocum, 
who  held  the  ofiice  for  six  years  and  for  whom 
Mr.  Shults  was  assistant.  At  the  expiration  of  his 
term  Mr.  Shults  was  elected  city  surveyor  and  is 
now  serving  his  third  term. 

By  his  eificient  and  faithful  discharge  of  duty 
he  has  won  and  retained  the  confidence  and  re- 
spect of  his  fellow-citizens.  In  politics  Mr. 
Shults  is  an  ardent  Eepublican.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Pine  Street  Presbyterian  Church,  of  Camden. 


^^'^^  ^(&>^io<^^zr- 


THE  CITY  OP  CAMDEN. 


439 


Building  Inspectors  are  appointed  by  ordinance 
of  City  Council  for  such  term  as  the  ordinance  may 
specify,— 


1871.  "William  W.  Mines. 

1872.  Thoma*  B.  Atlcinson. 
1874.  Ohristoplier  J.  Mines. 


1880.  James  S.  Woodward. 
1883.  Joiiu  B.  Smith. 
1886.  William  H.  Cole. 


City  Marshals  acted  as  cliiefs  of  police  under  the 
charter  of  1851,  and  were  elected  annually  by  the 
people, — 


1851.       John  W.  Potts. 
18.V2.        James  H.  Lowery. 
1863.        Peter  S.Elliott. 
1854-56,  Henry  Beisterling. 
1857-68.  John  Y.  Hoagland. 
.  1859-60.  Edmund  Shaw. 


1861-02.  Timothy  Middleton. 
1803.        Samuel  Conrow. 
1864-66.  John  W.  Campbell. 
1867-69.  J.  Kelly  Brown. 
1870.         Claudius  W.  Bradshaw. 


The  Chief  of  Police  is  appointed  by  the  mayor, 
and  holds  office  during  the  pleasure  of  that  officer 
under  the  charter  of  1871, — 


1871.  Daniel  W.  Curlies. 
1874.  William  H.  Hemsing. 
1877.  Chai'les  E.  Daubman. 


1880.  Josiah  Matlack. 
1886.  Harry  H.  Franks. 


Surveyors  of  Highways. — This  office  was  estab- 
lished in  1871,  and  the  incumbents  have  been 
Leonard  Eepsher,  Jonathan  Kirkbride,  Alonzo  B. 
Johnson,  Benjamin  F.  Sweeten,  William  H.  Shear- 
man, Richard  C.  Thompson. 

Engineers  of  Water-  Works. — Jacob  H.  Yocum. 
Wm.  F.  Moody,  William  Calhoun,  Robert  Dunham. 
In  1877  the  office  of  engineer  was  abolished  and 
that  of  superintendent  substituted.  These  have 
been  superintendents, — William  D.  Middleton, 
Harry  Stetson,  William  W.  Mines. 

The  Water  Department. — The  Camden  Wa- 
ter Works  Company  was  chartered  April  2,  1845. 
The  names  of  the  incorporators  were  Isaac  Cole, 
Benj.  W.  Cooper,  Charles  Kaighn,  Henry  Allen, 
Wm.  Folwell,  Nathan  Davis,  Benj.  T.  Davis,  John 
W.  Mickle,  who  were  authorized  and  empowered 
"to  introduce  into  and  supply  the  city  of  Camden 
with  pure  water  under  such  terms  and  conditions 
as  the  City  Council  shall  ordain  and  establish." 
The  original  capital  stock  of  the  company  was 
fifty  thousand  dollars,  divided  into  shares  of  one 
hundred  dollars  each,  of  which  Isaac  Cole,  Henry 
Allen,  Wm.  Folwell  and  Nathan  Davis  each  took 
one  hundred  shares,  Wm.  N.  Jeffries  eighty,  Chas. 
Kaighn  ten,  and  James  Elwell  and  Jasper  Harding 
each  five  shares. 

On  June  2d  the  company  was  organized  by  elect- 
ing Isaac  Cole,  Henry  Allen,  Wm.  Folwell,  Nathan 
Davis  and  Wm.  N.  Jeffries  directors,  who  selected 
Isaac  Cole  to  serve  as  president,  Henry  Allen 
treasurer  and  Wm.  Folwell  secretary.  A  lot  of 
ground,  thirty  by  ninety  feet,  at  the  foot  of  Cooper 
Street,  on   the   site   of  the   Esterbrook  Steel  Pen 


Works,  was  purchased  of  Wm.  D.  Cooper  for  four 
hundred  dollars,  and  Isaac  Cole,  Nathan  Davis, 
Henry  Allen  and  Wm.  Folwell  were  appointed  to 
procure  a  draft  and  plan  of  the  intended  building, 
which,  when  completed,  was  thirty  by  forty-eight 
feet  in  dimensions. 

With  the  increase  in  the  growth  of  the  city,  and 
the  erection  of  a  large  number  of  factories  within 
its  limils,  the  amount  of  water  furnished  by  the 
company  was  found  insufficient.  To  provide  for 
a  better  arrangement,  a  supplement  to  the  original 
charter  was  passed  on  the  9th  of  February,  1854. 
Hence  the  company  secured  an  eligible  location 
at  Pavonia,  near  the  city,  as  under  the  original 
charter  it  could  not  hold  real  estate  in  Camden. 
The  capital  stock  under  the  supplement  to  the 
charter  was  authorized  to  be  increased  to  a  sum 
not  exceeding  one  hundred  thousand  dollars. 

At  a  meeting  held  on  the  24th  of  April,  1854, 
three  hundred andsixty-five  shares  were  subscribed 
as  follows :  Henry  Allen,  two  hundred  and  sixty- 
one  shares ;  Richard  Fetters,  twenty  shares  ; 
Nathan  Davis,  eleven  shares  :  Jesse  Smith,  Benj. 
Hammell,  Joel  Bodine  and  Joseph  Fifield,  each 
ten  shares;  Charles  S.  Garrett,  nine  shares;  James 
Elwell  and  Wm.  P.  Tatem  each  six  shares ;  James 
McCloskey  and  Isaiah  Bryan,  each  five  shares ; 
and  Ralph  Lee,  two  shares. 

In  1854  the  water  works  were  completed  and  put 
into  operation  at  Pavonia,  on  the  Delaware  River 
front.  They  are  now  owned  and  controlled  by  the 
city  authorities.  The  engine-house  is  two  stories 
high  with  mansard  roof,  built  substantially  of 
brown  stone  and  thirty  by  forty  feet  in  dimensions. 
The  engine-house  is  fitted  up  with  two  pumps, 
one  being  a  Blake  pump  of  five  million  five  hun- 
dred thousand  gallons  capacity  daily  ;  the  other,  a 
Cornish  bull  pump,  capable  of  pumping  two  mil- 
lion five  hundred  thousand  gallons  of  water  daily. 
The  boiler-house  is  supplied  with  four  return  tu- 
bular boilers  eighteen  feet  long  and  fifty-six  inches 
in  diameter,  making  two  complete  sets,  each  set  be- 
ing capable  of  running  either  engine,  and  when 
all  are  fired  up  and  both  engines  running,  has  a 
capacity  of  nine  million  .gallons  of  water  daily. 
The  water  works  wharf  is  eighty  feet  wide  and  ex- 
tends seven  hundred  and  fifty  feet  into  the  river 
from  the  meadow  banks.  The  supply-pipe  is 
thirty  inches  in  diameter,  leading  to  the  forebay 
under  the  pumps  and  in  the  basement  of  the  en- 
gine-house. Before  entering  the  forebay  the  wa- 
ter passes  through  three  screens  and  filters,  and 
from  the  bay  is  pumped  by  the  engines  and  forced 
into  the  stand-pipe  upon  the  engine-house,  which 
is  made  of  boiler  iron,  is  five  feet  in  diameter  and 


440 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  high.  When  forced 
above  the  level  of  the  reservoir  the  water  flows  by 
a  discharge  pipe,  thirty  inches  in  diameter,  into 
the  basin. 

The  reservoir  is  built  upon  the  highest  ground 
in  Pavonia,  which  is  forty-seven  feet  higher  than 
the  level  of  the  city  of  Camden,  and  is  three  hun- 
dred and  forty-four  feet  long  by  one  hundred  and 
eighty  feet  wide  and  twenty-one  feet  deep,  with 
sloping  sides  at  an  angle  of  one  to  one  and  a  half 
degrees,  and  when  filled,  contains  eight  million 
gallons  of  water.  In  1885  the  greatest  amount  of 
water  pumped  in  one  day  was  four  millions  eight 
hundred  and  seven  thousand  one  hundred  and 
forty  gallons ;  in  1886,  five  millions  one  hundred 
and  fifty-seven  thousand  and  forty-eight  gallons. 
Before  these  works  were  purchased  by  the  city  the 
pumping  and  distributing  mains  were  twelve  inches 
in  diameter,  but  now  have  a  diameter  of  thirty 
inches.  Forty-six  and  one-half  miles  of  water- 
pipe  are  now  in  position  within  the  city  limits, 
and  three  hundred  and  twenty-two  fire-plugs  for 
the  use  of  the  Fire  Department  are  located  at  the 
most  desirable  points  in  the  city.  The  collections 
of  the  Water  Department  for  rents  and  permits 
for  the  year  1885  amounted  to  seventy-eight  thou- 
sand six  hundred  and  fifty-nine  dollars. 

FIBE  COMPANIES  AND  FIEEMEN. 

Until  1810  wells,  pumps  and  buckets  were  the 
only  appliances  Camden  had  for  the  extinguish- 
ment of  fires.  On  March  15th  of  that  year  the 
Perseverance  Fire  Company  was  organi  zed.  Thirty 
years  later  the  Fairmount,  afterwards  named  the 
Niagara,  and,  later  still,  the  Weccacoe,  was  formed. 
In  case  of  fire,  the  water  used  to  extinguish  it  was 
obtained  from  wells  by  means  of  buckets  filled  with 
it  and  passed  from  hand  to  hand.  When  the  en- 
gine was  reached  and  its  well  received  the  water, 
the  bucket  was  returned  for  a  fresh  supply.  Mean- 
while a  number  of  strong  men  grasped  the  lever- 
arms  and  worked  them  up  and  down,  thus  forcing 
the  water  upon  the  flames.  To  fight  afire  was  the 
work  of  the  entire  community  a  half-century  ago. 
An  alarm  was  followed  by  a  general  turn-out  of 
the  people— old  and  young,  of  both  sexes—each 
secured  a  bucket",  and,  when  the  scene  of  action 
was  reached,  long  lines  of  people  were  formed 
between  the  engine  and  the  nearest  well.  The 
empty  buckets  were  moved  toward  the  wells  along 
one  line  and  the  full  ones  towards  the  engine  on 
another. 

A  fully-equipped  fire  company  possessed  an  en- 
gine and  a  cart  to  carry  buckets,  and  householders 
were  expected   to   keep  a  supply  of  buckets   on 


hand.  Wells  and  pumps  were  equally  essential, 
hence  the  City  Council  encouraged  the  digging 
of  wells  and  the  placing  of  pumps  in  public  places 
by  paying  part  of  the  cost.  In  1834  Joseph 
Kaighn  was  paid  sixteen  dollars  as  part  cost  of 
placing  a  pump  in  a  well  he  had  dug  on  Kaighn 
Avenue,  and  George  Genge's  bill  for  a  pump  on 
Market  Street  was  also  paid,  while  Abraham 
Browning  was  allowed  part  cost  of  enlarging  a  well 
near  Front  Street  and  Market.  Richard  Fetters, 
Richard  W.  Howell  and  Auley  McAlla  pre- 
sented a  bill  of  fifty  dollars  at  a  Council  meeting, 
held  August  27,  1830,  for  a  fire-engine  purchased 
of  the  Fairmount  Company,  of  Philadelphia.  It 
was  but  five  feet  high,  and  eight  men  could  barely 
get  hold  of  the  levers.  In  1835  this  engine  was 
repaired,  and  its  name  changed  from  Fairmount  to 
Niagara.  In  1848  it  was  bought  by  the  Weccacoe, 
and  in  1851  came  into  possession  of  the  reorgan- 
ized Fairmount  Company.  It  was  eventually, 
after  long  usage,  stored  away  until  1864,  when 
Robert  S.  Bender  purchased  it  for  twenty  dollars, 
and  sold  it  in  Woodbury  for  fifty  dollars.  It  was 
accidentally  burned  soon  afterward. 

In  1834  the  city  was  divided  into  three  fire  dis- 
tricts. Cooper  Street  and  Line  Street  being  the  di- 
viding lines.  There  was  virtually  no  Fire  De- 
partment, however,  for  several  years  later.  In 
1848,  after  the  erection  of  water-works,  a  better 
fire  system  was  put  into  effect. '  The  Council  ap- 
pointed a  committee  on  fire  apparatus,  who  exer- 
cised supervision  over  the  companies,  which,  by 
the  year  1851,  had  increased  in  number  to  six. 
In  1864  the  Independence  procured  the  first  steam 
fire-engine ;  the  Weccacoe,  the  Shifiler  and  the 
Weccacoe  Hose  Company  also  soon  after  purchased 
steam-engines.  More  prompt,  daring  and  efficient 
firemen  than  those  of  Camden  were  hard  to  find, 
but  each  company  was  independent  of  the  others, 
and  misdirection  often  caused  loss  of  property,  to 
remedy  which  the  City  Council,  1866,  reorganized 
the  system,  and,  by  an  ordinance,  provided  for  the 
selection,  subject  to  its  approval,  of  a  chief  mar- 
shal, by  the  companies.  James  W.  Ayers,  of  the 
Weccacoe  Engine  Company,  was  elected  and  served 
two  years,  when,  in  1868,  he  was  succeeded  by 
Wesley  P.  Murray,  of  the  Weccacoe  Hose.  Both 
were  popular  men  and  good  organizers,  but  the  vol- 
unteer system,  with  its  rivalry  and  frequent  insub- 
ordination, was  supplanted  in  1869  by  the  Paid  Fire 
Department  under  an  ordinance  passed  September 
2, 1869,  which  provided  for  the  appointment,  annu- 
ally, of  five  fire  commissioners,  one  fire  marshal,  and 
two  assistant  fire  marshals.  The  commissioners 
were  empowered  to  appoint  the  firemen,  and  the 


THE  CITY  OP  CAMDEN. 


441 


city  was  divided  into  two  districts.  For  the  First 
District  the  city  purchasedthe  three-story  building 
of  the  Independence  Fire  Company,  at  Fourth 
Street  and  Pine,  and  for  the  Second  District  erected 
a  two-story  brick  building  at  Fifth  Street  and 
Arch.  Each  station  was  supplied  with  afire-engine 
and  all  necessary  apparatus,  at  an  entire  cost  of 
thirty  thousand  dollars.  William  Abies  was  ap- 
pointed fire  marshal ;  William  W.  Mines  assistant  for 
the  First,  and  William  H.  Shearman  assistant  for  the 
Second  District.  The  organization  has  since  been 
modified.  The  department  is  now  under  the  con- 
trol of  five  members  of  the  City  Council,  called 
"  The  Committee  on  Fire  Apparatus,"  who  are 
appointed  annually  by  the  president  of  the  Coun- 
cil, with  a  cJiief  and  an  assistant  engineer  each 
appointed  for  thrfee  years  by  the  Council.  In  1874 
the  department  purchased  the  Independence  fire- 
engine,  and  now  (1886),  owns  three  steam  fire- 
engines,  two  hose-carriages,  one  hook-and-ladder 
truck,  one  supply-wagon,  nine  horses,  three  thou- 
sand two  hundred  feet  of  serviceable  hose,  twenty- 
one  fire-alarm  boxes,  with  twelve  miles  of  wire,  a 
connecting  electric  battery,  with  eighty -one  gallon 
jars  to  create  power  necessary  for  long  distance 
alarms,  striking  the  gongs,  lighting  gas-jets,  un- 
hitching the  horses  in  the  stalls  and  stopping  the 
clock. 

The  department  consists  of  one  chief  engineer, 
at  a  salary  of  one  thousand  dollars  per  annum,  one 
assistant  engineer,  seven  hundred  and  twenty  dol- 
lars per  annum,  eighteen  regular  men  and  twelve 
call-men.  The  regular  men  devote  their  whole 
time  to  the  service.  The  engineers  receive  sixty 
dollars  per  month,  and  the  hosemen,  tillermen  and 
laddermen  each  fifty  dollars  per  month.  The  call- 
men  pursue  their  regular  vocation,  but  are  required 
to  be  present  at  every  fire,  to  assist,  for  which  they 
are  paid  seventy-five  dollars  per  year.  A  full 
record  is  kept  of  all  fires,  with  time,  duration,  lo- 
cation, owner  of  property,  occupant,  business, 
value  of  real  and  personal  property,  insurance,  and 
with  whom,  cause  of  fire,  etc.  The  department  is 
in  a  high  state  of  efficiency,  and  the  expenditure 
sixteen  thousand  dollars  per  annum. 

The  Camden  Hook-and-Laddek  Company, 
No.  1,  with  headquarters  at  N.  W.  corner  of  Fifth 
Street  and  Arch,  was  organized  in  1869,  and  is 
connected  with  Camden  Engine  Company,  No.  2. 
The  building  is  a  two-story  brick,  twenty-four  by 
fifty-five  feet,  adjoining  the  building  of  the  engine 
company.  The  company  is  equipped  with  one 
ladder-truck  (forty-five  feet  long,  mounting  nine 
ladders,  one  being  an  extension  ladder,  of  the 
"  Leverich  Patent,"  sixty -three  feet  in  length),  one 


battering  ram,  two  fire  extinguishers,  four  buckets 
two  axes,  four  pitchforks,  one  crowbar,  four  lamps, 
etc.  In  the  stables  are  two  large  and  well-trained 
horses.  The  roster  of  the  company  is  as  follows : 
Tillerman,  Amedy  Middleton  ;  Driver,  Benjamin 
L.  Kellum  ;  Laddermen,  Thomas  Walton  and  John 
W.  Toy;  Cell -men,  William  Doughten,  Peter  S. 
Gray,  John  Gray  and  Charles  A.  Todd. 

The  Camden  Steam  Fire- Engine  Company, 
No.  1,  was  organized  in  1869.  Their  building,  on 
Pine  Street,  near  Fourth,  is  a  three-story  brick, 
twenty  by  ninety-four  feet  in  dimensions,  and  was 
formerly  used  by  the  Independence,  but  is  now 
owned  by  the  city.  The  equipments  consist  of  one 
second-class  steam  fire-engine,  made  by  the  Amos- 
keag  Manufacturing  Company,  of  Manchester,  New 
Hampshire ;  one  hose-cart,  made  by  the  Silsby 
Company,  of  Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y. ;  thre«  horses, 
sixteen  hundred  feet  of  good  hose,  axes,  lamps,  etc. 
The  third  story  of  the  building  is  used  as  a  lodge- 
room,  and  the  second  story  used  by  the  company, 
with  sitting-room,  bunk-room,  etc.  The  roster  of 
the  company  for  1886  is  as  follows :  Foreman,  John 
A.  Stockton;  Engineer,  G.  Eudolph  Tenner; 
Driver,  William  Deno  ;  Stoker,  William  W.  Laird ; 
Hosemen,  Wilson  Bromley  and  Jacob  F.  Nessen  ; 
Call-men,  William  Deith,  Andrew  Miller,  William 
Bogia  and  W.  Elwood  Campbell. 

•Camden  Steam  Fire- Engine  Company,  No.  2, 
is  located  at  the  corner  of  Fifth  Street  and  Arch,  the 
head-quarters  of  the  Paid  Fire  Department.  The 
building  is  a  two-story  brick,  twenty -four  by  seventy 
feet.  The  ground  floor  has  two  connections  with  the 
hook-and-ladder  building.  The  outfit  consists  of 
one  steam  fire-engine,  second-class,  made  by  the 
Gould  Machine  Company,  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  one 
No.  2  Amoskeag  steam  fire-engine,  one  carriage 
and  a  supply-wagon.  In  the  second  story  is.  a 
large  reception -room,  a  sleeping-room  with  thirteen 
beds,  and  a  battery-room.  The  Gould  steam  fire- 
engine  is  only  used  on  extra  occasions,  or  when 
the  urgency  of  the  case  demands.  The  following 
is  a  complete  roster  of  officers  and  men  at  head- 
quarters : 

Chief  Engineer,  Samuels.  Elfreth  ;  Assistant  En- 
gineer, Samuel  S.  Buzine  ;  Extra  Engineer,  Jacob 
W.  Kellum;  Foreman,  Harry  C.  Grosscup;  En- 
gineer, William  Morris ;  Driver  of  Engine,  0.  B. 
Harvey ;  Stoker,  Frank  Turner  ;  Hosemen,  Chas. 
Robinson,  Isaac  Shreeves ;  Call-men,  James  Carey, 
Logan  Bates,  William  Lyons,  Howard  Currie. 

The  chiefs  of  the  Paid  Fire  Department  have  been 
William  Abies,  Eobert  S.  Bender  (second  term), 
Robt.  S.  Bender,  Claudius  W.  Bradshaw,  Henry  F. 
Surault,  Samuel  S.  Elfreth,  Daniel  A.  Carter,  Samuel 


442 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


S.  Elfreth  (2d  term).  The  committee  on  fire  ap- 
paratus for  1886  are — Chairman,  Saml.  R.Murray; 
Wm.  B.  E.  Miller,  Geo.  S.  West,  David  B.  Camp- 
bell, James   Godfrey;   Clerk,  D.   Cooper  Carman. 

VOLUNTEEE  Companies. —  The  Perseverance  was 
organized  March  15,  1810,  and  was  composed  of 
leading  citizens.  A  hand-engine,  made  by  "  Pat." 
Lyons,  of  Philadelphia,  was  bought  and  placed  in 
a  building  on  Front  Street,  above  Market,  sub- 
sequently removing  to  a  frame,  one-story  house  on 
Second  Street,  adjoining  the  State  Bank,  where  it 
remained  until  the  company  erected  the  two-story 
brick  building  on  the  east  side  of  Third  Street, 
below  Market.  The  oldest  living  member  of  the 
company  is  Samuel  Elfreth,  father  of  the  present 
efficient  chief  of  the  Fire  Department.  On  March 
15,  1832,  the  company  was  incorporated;  the 
names  appearing  in  the  charter  are  Nathan  Davis, 
Gideon  V.  Stivers,  Jeremiah  H.  Sloan,  John 
Lawrence,  Samuel  D.  Wessels,  Isaac  Cole,  Ledden 
Davis,  John  Browning,  Joab  Scull,  Richard  W. 
Howell,  Auley  McAlla,  Dr.  Thomas  Lee,  William 
H.  Ogden,  Richard  Fetters,  Abraham  Browning 
and  other  prominent  citizens. 

The  charter  of  1832  having  expired,  a  new  one 
was  obtained  in  1852,  with  the  following-named 
persons  as  incorporators:  James  C.  Morgan,  Wil- 
liam E.  Gilmore,  Samuel  Hanna,  William  Hanna, 
Lewis  P.  Thompson,  Joseph  D.  Folwell,  Pancoast 
Roberts,  Alfred  Hugg,  Richard  H.  Lee,  William 
Matlack,  Alfred  Wood,  Frederick  Benedict,  Wil- 
liam Hugg,  Amos  Stiles,  Jr.,  Samuel  Cooper, 
Nathan  Davis,  Jr.,  Samuel  Ashurst,  Andrew  Zim- 
merman, David  Sheppard,  John  W.  Carter,  Henry 
Kesler,  John  Warner,  John  Ross,  Charles  A.  Gar- 
ret, Thomas  Sulger.  The  company  prospered  until 
the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  in  1861,  when  most  of 
the  able-bodied  members  enlisted  in  the  company 
commanded  by  Captain  Richard  H.  Lee. 

The  Falrmount  Fire  Company  was  organized 
October  7,  1830,  and  purchased  an  engine  of  the 
Fairmount  Fire  Company,  of  Philadelphia.  The 
name  "  Fairmount"  was  painted  on  the  sides  of  the 
engine,  and  it  was  then  the  Camden  company  de- 
cided to  assume  the  same  appellation,  which  was 
continued  until  1835,  when  the  word  "  Fairmount " 
on  the  engine  became  dim  and  needed  repainting, 
which  would  cost  as  much  as  to  have  something 
else  painted,  and  they  changed  the  name  to  Niag- 
ara. By  this  name  the  company  was  known  until 
it  was  reorganized  as  the  Weccacoe,  in  1848.  In 
1845  the  headquarters  was  moved  to  the  City  Hall 
lot,  on  Federal  Street.  John  Laning,  Josiah  At- 
kinson and  Samuel  Jenkins  were  among  the  orig- 
inal members  of  the  Fairmount.     William  Hanna 


joined   in   1835,  James   M.  Cassady  in  1838  and 
James  W.  Ayers  (afterwards  fire  marshal)  in  1843. 
The    Weccacoe    Fire    Company  No.   2,   was  the 
result   of  the  reorganization    of  the   Niagara  in 
1848.     At  a  meeting  of  the  City  Council,  Septem- 
ber 1, 1848,  Richard  Fetters  presented  the  names  of 
Edward  Steer  and  thirty-two  other  persons  who 
had  organized  as  a  fire  company,  with  a  constitu- 
tion and  by-laws.     The  Council  then  recognized 
them  and  gave  them  the  old  Niagara  fire-engine, 
which  was  used  for  a  few  months,  when  the  com- 
pany was  supplied  with  a  better  one  in  1850,  when 
a  second-hand  one  was  bought  of  the  Southwark 
commissioners  for  seven  hundred  and  fifty  dollars 
and  was  rebuilt,  in  1853,  by  John  Agnew  at  a  cost 
of  eight  hundred  and  fifty  dollars.    A  steam-en- 
gine was  procured  in  1864.     At  the  headquarters 
of  the  Weccacoe,  between  a  pair  of  high  poles, 
was  hung  a  bell  weighing  thirteen  hundred  pounds 
which  served  to  alarm  the  town  in  case  of  fire. 
The  house  used  as  the  headquarters  was  enlarged, 
but,  after  several  incendiary  attempts,  the  building 
was  burned  February  17,  1854.     In  1856  the  com- 
pany moved  into  their  two-story  brick  house,  on 
the  site  of  the  old   Columbia  Garden,  on  Arch 
Street,  above  Fifth.     In  1852   the  company  wa.s 
incorporated  as  the  Weccacoe  Fire  Company,  No. 
2,  by  John  Laning,  James  M.  Cassady,  James  W. 
Ayers,  Isaac  Shreeve,  Weslev  P.  Murray,  Joseph 
F.  Murray,  Joshua  S.  Porter,  Daniel  B.  McCully, 
Richard   G.   Camp,   James   Doughten,   Stone  H. 
Stow,  Charles   H.   Thorne,   Matthew  Miller,  Jr. 
James  W.  Ayers  Was  made  president  of  the  Niagara 
in  1845,  continued  as  such  under  the  reorganiza- 
tion, and,  except  in  1854,  when  he  was  absent  from 
the  city,  held  the  office  until  the  company  was  dis- 
banded.    Richard  G.  Camp  was  the  secretary  and 
Charles  Thompson  treasurer  until  1854,  and  Joseph 
L.  Bright  was  his  successor  until  the  end.    Effi- 
ciency and  good  order  were  the  characteristics  of 
the  Weccacoe  from  the  beginning  to  the  ending  of 
their  career  as  firemen. 

The  Mohawk  Fire  Company  was  formed  in  the 
spring  of  1849.  It  had  a  short  and  turbulent 
life,  and  in  the  confusion  the  record  of  its  birth 
was  lost.  The  meeting-place  of  the  company  was 
in  the  three-story  building  northeast  corner  of 
Third  Street  and  Cherry.  Lambert  F.  Beatty  was 
president  and  William  S.  Frazer  secretary.  The 
company  was  strong  in  numbers  and  contained 
many  excellent  men,  giving  promise  of  a  career  of 
usefulness,  but  a  lawless  element  gained  admission, 
after  a  time,  and  brawls,  riots  and,  it  was  feared, 
incendiarism,  resulted.  On  April  23,  1851,  it  was 
determined  to  disband. 


THE  CITY  OP  CAMDEN. 


443 


The  Independence  Fire  Company  No.  3,  or- 
ganized with  Lambert  F.  Beatty,  president; 
William  S.  Frazer,  secretary ;  and  Joseph  Wagner, 
treasurer.  Among  the  early  members  were  Jacob 
Prettyman,  David  Page,  Thomas  Stites,  Andrew 
Stilwell,  Francis  E.  Harpel,  Eestore  Cook,  John 
Wallace,  Claudius  W.  Bradshaw,  AVilliam  H. 
Hawkins,  Christopher  J.  Mines,  Henry  Bradshaw, 
William  E.  Walls,  William  Howard,  Albert  Den- 
nis, Elwood  Bounds,  Samuel  H.  Stilwell,  Albert 
V.  Mills,  Robert  S.  Bender,  Lewis  Yeager,  Thomas 
McCowan  and  William  W.  Mines.  The  company 
met  in  a  building  at  Third  Street  and  Cherry  for 
a  year,  when  it  was  burned.  Lewis  Yeager  gave 
the  company  free  use  of  a  lot  on  Third  Street, 
above  Cherry,  where  an  engine-house  of  slabs, 
donated  by  Charles  Stockham,  was  built.  In  185] 
a  lot  on  Cherry  Street,  above  Third,  was  purchased 
and  on  it  a  frame  house  was  built.  This  was 
used  until  1859,  when,  owing  to  a  defect  in  the  ti- 
tle, the  sheriff  advertised  the  property  for  sale. 
When  he  reached  the  ground  on  the  day  of  the 
sale  he  found  the  house,  with  its  contents,  and  a 
number  of  the  members  of  the  company,  on  an  ad- 
joining lot  belonging  to  James  B.  Dayton,  who 
permitted  the  action.  The  following  year,  1860, 
they  bought  and  built,  on  the  north  side  of  Pine 
Street,  above  Fourth,  a  three-story  brick,  then  the 
most  complete  fire-engine  house  in  Camden,  and 
which  was  sold  for  four  thousand  five  hundred  dol- 
lars to  the  city.  The  Independence  was  a  hose 
company  until  June  4, 1864,  when  they  secured  an 
Amoskeag  engine,  being  the  first  fire-engine  in 
use  by  the  fire  companies  of  Camden.  Early  in 
1869  they  purchased  a  larger  engine  and  when 
the  volunteer  firemen  were  scattered,  in  the  latter 
part  of  that  year,  they  sold  the  Amoskeag  to  Mill- 
ville,  and  the  later  purchase  was  kept  until  1874, 
when  it  was  sold  to  the  city.  Lambert  F.  Beatty 
and  Timothy  C.  Moore  were  presidents  of  the 
Mohawk,  and  L.  F.  Beatty,  John  Wallace,  Wil- 
liam H.  Hawkins,  J.  Kelly  Brown,  W.  W.  Mines 
and  Edward  Gilbert  were  presidents  of  the  Inde- 
pendence, while  its  secretaries  have  been  Wil- 
liam L.  Frazer,  William  W.  Mines,  Mortimer  C. 
Wilson  and  Thomas  McCowan  ;  and  the  treasur- 
ers Joseph  Wagner  and  Eobert  S.  Bender,  who, 
elected  in  1854,  served  until  October  13,  1874, 
when,  with  a  roll  of  sixty  members,  they  met. 
President  Gilbert  in  the  chair,  paid  all  claims 
against  them  and  formally  disbanded. 

The  Shiffler  Hose  Company  No.  1,  was  or- 
ganized March  7,  1849,  and  recoganized  by  the 
City  Council  August  30th  of  the  same  year.  The 
original  members  of  the  company  were  George  W. 


Thompson,  president ;  George  F.  Eoss,  secretary  ; 
Joseph  Brown,  W.  W.  Burt,  Charles  Cheeseman, 
Robert  Maguire,  Samuel  Brown,  John  G.  Hutch- 
inson, Armstrong  Sapp,  Richard  Cheeseman,  Al- 
bert Eobinson,  George  F.  Eoss,  William  Wallace. 
A  fine  hose-carriage  was  obtained  from  the  Shiffler 
Hose  Company,  of  Philadelphia,  for  the  nominal 
sum  of  ten  dollars.  It  was  placed  in  a  carpenter 
shop  on  Sycamore  Street,  below  Third,  and  that 
remained  the  headquarters  of  the  company  until 
the  two-story  brick  house  on  Fourth  Street,  below 
Walnut,  was  built.  In  March,  1852,  the  company 
was  incorporated  by  William  W.  Burt,  Armstrong 
Sapp,  George  W.  Thompson,  Eobert  Maguire, 
James  Sherman,  William  Wallace,  John  G.  Hutch- 
inson, Samuel  Brown  and  William  Harris.  John 
G.  Hutchinson  became  president,  and  in  1857  was 
succeeded  by  Jacob  C.  Daubman,  whe  held  the 
position  during  the  continuance  of  the  company. 
On  March  29,  1864,  a  new  charter' was  obtained 
under  the  name  of  the  Shiffler  Hose  and  Steam 
Fire-Engine  Company.  A  steam-engine  was  pur- 
chased, and  the  company  maintained  a  high  state 
of  efficiency  until  disbanded,  in  1869. 

Hie  New  Jersey  Fire  Company  was  organ- 
ized May  1,  1861,  by  James  Carr,  Samuel  Ames, 
Thomas  Butcher,  Aaron  Giles,  John  Wood,  David 
H.  Sparks,  William  Garwood,  E.  B.  Turner,  Wil- 
liam Woodruff,  Henry  Coombs,  Adam  Newman 
and  Caleb  Clark.  Henry  Coombs  was  elected 
president  and  David  H.  Sparks  secretary.  On 
July  21,  1851,  the  company  secured  the  engine 
which  previously  belonged  to  the  Mohawk,  and 
placed  it  in  a  stable  near  Broadway  and  Spruce 
Street,  where  it  remained  a  considerable  time,  un- 
til better  accommodations  were  secured  on  Wal- 
nut Street,  above  Fourth.  A  lot  was  subsequent- 
ly bought  on  the  south  side  of  Chestnut  Street, 
above  Fourth,  where  a  two-story,  brick  engine- 
house  was  built.  The  company  was  incorporated 
in  1854  and  ceased  to  exist  as  an  organization 
twelve  years  later.  The  presidents  of  this  com- 
pany in  order  of  succession  were  Henry  Coombs, 
James  Carr,  John  Crowley,  Joshua  L.  Melvin, 
Samuel  Hickman,  John  Warrington,  Jeremiah 
Brannon,  Eichard  C.  Mason,  C.  De  Grasse  Hogan. 

Fairmount — United  States.- — On  July  4,  1852, 
the  Fairmount  Fire  Company  was  organized  by 
William  C.  Figner  (president),  William  J.  Miller 
(secretary),  Frederick  Breyer  (treasurer),  William 
H.  Hawkins,  John  W.  Hoey,  Henry  A.  Breyer  and 
Alfred  H.  Breyer.  They  rented  a  one-story  frame 
building  on  Pine  Street,  below  Third,  which  the 
Shiffler  had  vacated,  and  the  City  Council  gave 
them  the  old  Fairmount  engine.    George  W.  Wat- 


444 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


son,  Anthony  E.  Joline,  Thomas  Francis,  John  L. 
Ames,  George  W.  Howard,  William  F.  Colhert, 
Francis  Fullerton,  John  S.  Boss,  Joshua  Spencer, 
Lawrence  Breyer,  William  H.  Lane  and  James 
Scout  were  enrolled  as  additional  members.  On 
February  17,  1853,  a  charter  of  incorporation  was 
obtained,  and  on  February  10,  1854,  the  name  of 
the  company  was  changed  to  "  United  States  Fire 
Company,  No.  5."  James  Scout  was  chosen  presi- 
dent, and  George  Deal,  secretary.  They  secured 
a  first-class  engine,  bought  ground  and  built  a  com- 
modious two-story  frame  house  at  No.  239  Pine 
Street,  which  continued  to  be  the  headquarters  of 
the  company  until  it  disbanded,  with  the  other 
volunteer  fire  companies,  in  1869. 

The  Weccacoe  Hose  Company  No-  2,  was  or- 
ganized on  March  15,  1858,  by  Allan  Ward,  Ed- 
ward T.  James,  Edward  J.  Steer,  John  W.  Gar- 
wood, George  W.  Thomas,  Simeon  H.  Pine, 
Thomas  C.  BaVrett,  Thomas  Ellis,  John  Thornton, 
and  the  following  officers  were  elected :  Thomas 
D.  Laverty  (president),  Allan  Ward  (vice-presi- 
dent), Edward  T.  James  (secretary)  and  E.  J.  Steer 
(treasurer).  The  headquarters  of  the  company 
were  with  the  Weccacoe  Fire  Company  for  nearly 
two  years,  and  they  removed  to  a  stable  belonging 
to  Isaac  Shreeve,  near  Hudson  and  Bridge  Ave- 
nues, and  later  to  De  La  Cour's  laboratory,  on 
Front,  near  Arch.  In  1863  they  bought  ground  on 
Benson,  above  Fifth,  at  a  cost  of  four  hundred  and 
fifty  dollars,  and  erected  a  two-story  building  of 
brick,  costing  two  thousand  two  hundred  dollars. 
On  February  2, 1860,  the  company  was  incorporated. 
In  1868  the  company  purchased  a  steam  fire-engine 
at  a  cost  of  five  thousand  eight  hundred  dollars, 
which  they  expected  to  pay,  by  subscription,  but 
the  agitation  of  the  question  of  a  paid  department 
prevented  the  collection  of  the  money,  and  when 
they  went  out  of  service,  in  1869,  they  were  five 
thousand  dollars  in  debt.  Instead  of  disbanding, 
they  resolved  to  maintain  the  organization  until 
every  obligation  was  liquidated  and  the  honor  of 
the  company  sustained.  To  do  this  they  utilized 
their  assets,  met  regularly  and  contributed  as  if  in 
active  service,  and  after  fourteen  years  of  honest 
effort,  September  8,  1883,  they  met,  and  after  pay- 
ing the  last  claims  against  them,  amounting  to 
$14.25,  adjourned. 


CHAPTEE    III. 

EARLY  BUSINESS  INTERESTS  OF  CAMDEN. 

Camden  in  1815 — Camden  in  1824 — Assessment  of  1834 — Manu- 
facturing Industries  and  Interesting  Facts— Pleasure  Gardens— 
"Sausage  Weaving." 

Camden  in  1815. — The  Cooper  mansions  were 
not  in  the  town  plan  made  by  Jacob  Cooper.  In 
the  list  of  names  of  those  who  became  pur- 
chasers of  lots  will  be  found  that  of  Vincent 
Mari  Pilosi.  He  was  an  Italian  and  a  merchant 
in  Philadelphia.  The  lots  he  purchased  were 
Nos.  24,  30  and  32.  The  last  two  were  purchased 
after  the  death  of  Jacob  Cooper.  No.  24  fronted 
on  Cooper  Street  and  No.  30  was  directly  south, 
adjoining,  and  fronted  on  Market  Street.  No.  32 
was  the  lot  on  the  corner  of  Market  and  Second, 
where  the  present  National  State  Bank  now  stands. 
In  the  year  1780  Mr.  Pilosi  built  a  large  mansion- 
house,  sixty-six  by  twenty-two  feet,  three  stories 
high,  of  English  brick,  alternately  red  and  white, 
upon  the  lots  on  Cooper  Street,  a  part  of  which  is 
now  No.  122.  The  lots,  with  others,  were  made  into 
a  large  garden.  Mr.  Pilosi  died  of  yellow  fever  in 
1793,  and  was  buried  in  his  garden.  His  widow 
afterwards  married  a  Mr.  Tiffin  and  in  1815  died 
and  was  buried  by  the  side  of  her  first  husband. 

In  later  years  the  remains  of  Mr.  Pilosi  and  his 
wife  were  taken  up  and  removed  to  the  Camden 
Cemetery.  The  garden  was  used  as  a  lumber-yard 
for  many  years  afterward  and  eventually  laid  out 
into  lots.  A  portion  of  the  old  mansion  was  used  for 
five  years  as  the  "soup-house"  of  the  Dorcas  So- 
ciety and  is  now  used  as  a  carpenter  shop.  Years 
ago  thirty-six  feet  of  the  front  wall  on  the  west 
end  were  taken  down  and  the  double  brick  build- 
ing was  erected  on  its  site.  Probably  the  oldest  per- 
son living  born  in  Camden  and  now  a  resident  is 
Benjamin  Farrow.  He  was  born  October  12, 1804, 
in  the  two-story  brick  house  built  by  his  father, 
Peter  Farrow,  in  1802,  which  stood  on  the  site  of 
the  State  Bank,  and  purchased  by  that  institution 
in  1812.  His  father  was  a  shoemaker  and  carried 
on  an  extensive  business  by  "whipping  the  cat," 
which  means  that  he  visited  the  farmers,  engaged 
work  and  sent  his  journeymen  with  their  "  kits ''  to 
the  several  places,  who  made  the  shoes  tor  the 
families,  the  farmers  finding  the  leather.  About 
1810  Peter  Farrow  bought  the  time  of  a  young 
Dutch  redemptioner,  who,  after  a  few  weeks'  ser- 
vice, offered  for  his  time  to  make  for  his  son,  Ben- 
jamin a  pair  of  boots  seamed  in  the  side,  they  hav- 
ing been  made  prior  with  the  seam  at  the  back.  . 
This  offer  Farrow  accepted,  and  the  young  Ben- 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


445 


jamin  trod  the  streets  of  Camden,  proud  of  his 
new  boots,  and  became  a  walking  advertisement 
and  gained  for  his  father  much  trade. 

Benjamin  Farrow,  in  1820,  was  apprenticed  to 
Gideon  Stivers  for  five  years,  and  continued  with 
him  until  1839,  and  helped  to  build  Coopers  Creek 
bridge,  St.  Paul's  Episcopal  Church  and  other 
buildings.  From  1840  to  1856  he  was  in  the 
employ  of  the  Camden  and  Amboy  Kailroad 
Company  and  was  stationed  on  Wind-Mill  Island 
to  light  lamps,  ring  the  fog  bell  and  kept  the 
register  of  boats  passing  through  the  canal.  He 
handled  the  rope  the  night  the  "  New  Jersey  " 
was  burned  (see  page  368),  and  helped  swing  her 
round  to  start  for  the  bar.  After  service  with  the 
company,  he  was  sixteen  years  with  Gilbert  Balson 
in  the  produce  business,  making  a  term  of  fifty- 
one  years  in  the  employ  of  but  three  persons  or 
firms.  He  now  resides  at  256  Sycamore  Street. 
His  memory  of  the  early  days  is  excellent. 

In  1815,  he  states,  on  Cooper  Street  there  was  a 
group  of  houses  at  the  ferry,  the  Pilosi  house  de- 
scribed above  and  then  occupied  by  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Tiffin  ;  a  frame  house  on  the  corner  of  Third  and 
Cooper,  occupied  by  Isaac  Wilkins,  and  who  later 
kept  a  lumber-yard  extending  from  the  bank  to 
where  the  West  Jersey  Press  building  now  stands; 
and  the  brick  rough-cast  house  of  Edward  Sharp, 
long  known  as  the  Dr.  Harris  house,  on  the  corner 
of  Second  and  Cooper. 

Joshua  Cooper's  brick  house  was  built  in  1810, 
and  was  later  owned  by  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford,  and 
now  by  the  Safe  Deposit  Company.  Joshua 
Cooper  was  an  ardent'  Federalist,  and  about  1803 
named  the  road  that  extended  down  to  his  ferry 
Federal  Street,  hence  the  origin  of  the  name. 
Nearly  opposite  Joshua  Cooper's  farm-house,  and 
where  S.  S.  E.  Cowperthwait's  store  now  stands,  was 
a  frame  house.  On  the  corner  of  Second  and  Fed- 
eral was  a  frame  house,  occupied  by  Henry  Chew, 
a  sea-captain.  On  Fourth  and  Federal  stood  the 
Methodist  Church,  erected  in  1809,  and  on  Fed- 
eral, near  Fifth  Street,  was  a  frame  house,  occu- 
pied by  Frank  Peters. 

Plum  Street  was  laid  out  in  1803,  and  the  name 
changed  to  Arch  by  action  of  the  Common  Council 
June  26,  1873.  On  the  north  side  of  Plum,  above 
Third  Street,  in  1815  were  two  one-story  and  two 
two-story  frame  buildings.  On  the  northwest  cor- 
ner of  Fourth  and  Plum  was  a  frame  building 
owned  by  Sylvanus  Shepherd,  and  on  the  northeast 
corner  a  two-story  brick  building  owned  by  Isaac 
Smith.  Next  above  was  a  frame  building  owned 
by  Captain  Manley  Smallwood ;  above  were  two 
or  three  frame  buildings  owned  by  Amos  Middle- 
53 


ton,  father  of  ex-Mayor  Timothy  Middleton.  Ed- 
ward Daugherty  made  sausages  in  a  two-story 
frame  building  above  Sylvanus  Shepherd's. 
Thomas  Smith  lived  on  the  southeast  corner  of 
Fourth  and  Plum.  His  widow,  a  few  years  later, 
erected  the  building  on  the  northeast  corner  of 
Fourth  and  Federal.  On  the  south  side  of  Plum 
Street,  below  Fourth,  were  three  frame  buildings 
owned  by  John  Warren.  Below  was  a  two-story 
frame  house  built  in  1810  by  Mrs.  Peter  Farrow, 
below  which,  in  the  same  block,  were  two  frame 
houses  and  two  brick  houses  owned  by  Daniel 
Swim. 

On  Market  Street  were  the  ferry -houses.  On  the 
south  side,  below  Second  Street,  was  a  frame  build- 
ing put  up  in  1810  by  Thomas  Wright,  and  now 
used  as  a  saloon,  and  a  brick  bank  building  corner 
of  Second  and  Market,  the  brick  dwelling-house  of 
George  Genge,  still  standing  on  the  southeast  cor- 
ner of  Second  and  Market.  On  Market,  above 
Third,  the  brick  building  now  standing,  long  the 
residence  of  Dr.  0.  G.  Taylor.  There  were  no  other 
houses  on  Market  Street,  except  the  academy,  on 
the  corner  of  Sixth  and  Market  Streets. 

The  Friends'  Meeting-house,  built  in  1801,  stood 
at  the  intersection  of  Mount  Ephraim  road  and 
Mount  Vernon  Streets,  and  near  it  was  the  resi- 
dence of  Eichard  Jordan,  a  prominent  minister 
among  the  Friends,  a  sketch  of  whom  will  be 
found  on  page  331. 

At  Coopers  Point  was  the  ferry-house,  built  in 
1770,  the  dwelling-house  above  (now  occupied  by 
Mrs.  Sarah  (Cooper)  Gaskill),  built  in  1789,  and  a 
few  other  smaller  dwellings;  the  old  Benjamin 
Cooper  house,  built  in  1734,  the  I.  C.  E.  house, 
built  in  1788,  and  the  Cope  house,  built  in  1766, 
all  still  standing. 

At  Kaighns  Point  was  the  old  mansion-house  of 
John  Kaighn,  built  in  1696,  with  its  yew  and 
box-trees  in  front,  and  the  house  built  by  Joseph 
Kaighn,  about  1750,  then  used  as  a  ferry-house 
and  standing  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  but  now 
several  blocks  away,  and  a  few  other  dwellings  and 
out-houses. 

Between  the  Federal  Street  Ferry  and  the 
Kaighns  Point  Ferry  was  the  farm-house  of 
Isaac  Kaighn,  occupied  by  Thomas,  the  father  of 
Joseph  Githens,  now  the  oldest  living  ferryman 
on  the  river.  Below  Kaighns  Kun  were  the  his- 
toric old  Mickle  residences. 

In  1815  Randall  Sparks  was  keeping  a  ferry. 
Soon  after  this  time  the  question  of  extending 
slavery  into  the  Western  States  and  Territories 
was  being  agitated  throughout  the  North,  and  a 
public  meeting  of  the  citizens  of  Gloucester  was 


446 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


called  to  meet  at  the  house  of  Eandall  Sparks,  in 
Camden,  on  the  10th  of  December,  1819,  "for  the 
purpose  of  taking  into  consideration  the  subject  of 
slavery  and  to  express  their  sentiments  and  opin- 
ions on  the  propriety  of  limiting  its  extension  and 
prohibiting  its  introduction  into  new  States  here- 
after to  be  admitted  into  the  Union." 

At  this  meeting  Edward  Sharp  was  appointed 
chairman  and  J.  J.  Foster  secretary.  A  committee 
was  appointed — consisting  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Wil- 
mer,  Swedesboro';  John  Tatem,  Jr.,  Deptford ; 
John  Firth,  Gloucester  ;  Edward  Sharp,  Camden ; 
John  Clement  and  J.  J.  Foster,  Haddonfield ;  and 
Daniel  Lake,  of  Egg  Harbor — to  draft  resolutions, 
expressive  of  their  sentiments  and  to  prepare  a 
memorial  for  signatures  deprecating  the  admission 
of  new  States  and  Territories  upon  the  terms  pro- 
posed. 

The  ferries  constituted  the  leading  business  of 
Camden  in  1800.  In  addition,  there  were  several 
tanneries,  one  of  which  was  conducted  by  a  Mr. 
Haines.  It  was  near  Coopers  Point,  north  of  Vine 
and  west  of  Point  Street.  He  was  succeeded  by 
Charles  Stokes,  who  sold  to  Captain  William 
Newton,  who  continued  until  his  death,  when  the 
business  was  abandoned. 

A  tannery  also  wasin  operation  between  Market 
and  Arch  Streets,  below  Front.  It  was  abandoned 
about  1822. 

Benjamin  Allen,  before  1810,  established  a  tan- 
nery west  of  Second  Street  and  north  of  Kaighn 
Avenue.  It  was  continued  until  1838,  and  at  one 
time  had  forty  vats. 

William  Williams,  an  enterprising  resident  of 
Camden,  as  early  as  1816,  constructed  a  large  bath- 
house, which  in  the  warm  season  he  moored 
on  the  west  side  of  the  bar  above  Wind-Mill  Is- 
land, and  running  row-boats  to  Market  Street, 
Philadelphia,  for  passengers,  secured  a  good  pat- 
ronage and  made  money.  When  his  house  was 
worn  out,  however,  he  quit  the  business.  In  1835 
similar  boat-houses  on  the  river  excited  the  ire  of 
City  Council,  and  a  committee  was  appointed  to 
induce  the  Philadelphia  authorities  to  suppress  the 
annoyance  to  the  modest  who  crossed  the  river  on 
the  ferry-boats. 

Camden  in  1824.— About  1800  William  Bates, 
a  blacksmith,  opened  a  shop  on  the  east  side  of 
Front  Street,  above  Market,  and  on  the  site  of 
Joseph  Z.  CoUings'  present  coach  factory.  A  few 
years  later  he  sold  to  Thomas  L.  Rowand,  who 
conducted  the  business  several  years  and  sold  to 
Samuel  Foreman,  who  had  been  his  apprentice, 
and  continued  many  years,  and  in  1841  the  busi- 
ness was  sold  to  Samuel  D.  Elfreth,  who,  in  1848, 


moved  to  the  site  of  the  Electric  Light  Company's 
works  and  continued  as  a  machinist,  repairing  ferry- 
boats until  1863,  when  he  sold  to  Derby  &  Weath- 
erby,  who  then  began  their  present  business.  Sam- 
uel D.  Elfreth  was  apprenticed  by  his  father,  Joseph 
Elfreth,  of  Haddonfield,  in  1824,  to  Samuel  Fore- 
man, the  blacksmith,  in  Camden.  In  April  of  that 
year,  when  fourteen  years  of  age,  he  came  to 
Camden  and  began  his  apprenticeship.  He  de- 
scribes the  business  interests  of  the  place  at  that 
time  as  follows :  Foreman's  blacksmith  shop  and 
Samuel  Glover's  carriage  shop  were  on  the  site  of 
J.  Z.  Collings'  present  coach  factory ;  Sdmuel  Scull 
had  formerly  occupied  the  place  of  Glover,  but  was 
then  carrying  on  the  same  business  at  the  corner 
of  Arch  and  Front  Streets.  He  died  a  few  years 
later. 

William  Carman,  who  married  Mary,  the  daugh- 
ter of  Daniel  Cooper,  removed  to  Camden  about 
1820,  and  in  1823  built  the  large  brick  house  stand- 
ing on  the  northeast  corner  of  Broadway  and  Bridge 
Avenue,  where  he  resided.  By  his  marriage  he 
came  into  posses-ion  of  considerable  land  lying 
between  Federal  Street  and  Washington,  and  made 
many  improvements.  In  1830  he  built  the  large 
frame  house  on  the  southwest  corner  of  Broadway 
and  Federal  Streets.  He  carried  on  the  lumber 
business  and  saw-mill  at  Coopers  Point  many 
years  and  was  active  in  city  affairs. 

On  the  southwest  corner  of  Front  and  Cooper 
stood  a  livery  stable,  occupied  by  Joshua  Porter 
and  John  Thorn.  A  tannery  had  formerly  stood 
upon  its  site.  On  the  west  side  of  Front  Street, 
joining  the  livery  stable,  was  the  printing-office 
conducted  by  Samuel  Ellis,  who  then  published 
the  American  Star  and  Rural  Record. 

On  the  corner  of  Front  and  Market  was  Brown- 
ing's Ferry  House,  leased  then  to  Benjamin  Springer 
who  ran  the  Market  Street  Ferry  with  a  nine-horse 
team-boat.  Between  Market  and  Plum  and  on 
Front  Street  stood  the  carriage  factory  and  black- 
smith shop  of  Isaac  Vansciver.  It  was  destroyed  by 
fire  Nov.  '24,  1834,  with  a  large  amount  of  stock, 
also  his  dwelling-house  adjoining.  The  buildings 
in  the  vicinity  were  much  endangered,  and  the 
progress  of  the  fire  was  stopped  by  fire  companies 
of  Philadelphia  that  crossed  the  ferry.  The  build- 
ings belonged  to  Abraham  Browning,  Sr.,  who 
promptly  rebuilt  ou  the  site  three  brick  buildings, 
and  Vansciver  again  took  possession.  The  citizens 
of  Camden  met  at  Isaiah  Toy's  Ferry  House  and 
passed  resolutions  recognizing  the  efficient  ser- 
vices of  twelve  fire  companies  and  ten  hose  com- 
panies of  Philadelphia.  On  the  18th  of  January, 
1842,   Vansciver's   coach  factory    was    again  de- 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


447 


stroyed  by  fire,  and  rebuilt  by  Mr.  Browning,  and 
again  on  the  19th.  of  May,  1856,  a  fire  occurred  at 
the  place  and  destroyed  one  of  the  buildings  in 
which  was  a  barrel  and  keg  factory  on  the  first 
floor  and  a  soap  factory  on  the  second  floor. 

Thomas  Rogers,  whose  house  was  on.  the  north- 
east corner  of  Second  and  Market,  was  a  brass 
founder,  and  had  a  shop  to  the  rear  of  his  resi- 
dence. This  section  of  the  town  was  very  swampy, 
and  an  elevated  walk  was  built  from  his  house  to 
the  shop.  To  the  rear  of  the  shop  was  a  large 
pond,  where  the  boys  of  the  neighborhood  sought 
cat-fish  and  eels,  with  which  it  was  plentifully 
stocked. 

Samuel  Cake,  in  1824,  kept  the  Federal  Street 
Ferry  House,  and  ran  a  stage  from  the  ferry  to 
Leeds  Point,  Atlantic  County.  In  a  slack  time  of 
business, between  1820  and  1825;  Benjamin  Farrow, 
apprentice  to  Gideon  Stivers,  drove  a  stage  a 
short  time  over  this  route,  leaving  the  ferry  at  six 
o'clock  A.M.,  and  reaching  the  terminus  at  four 
o'clock  P.M.,  making  six  miles  an  hour,  and  car- 
ried the  mail  in  his  pocket.  Stages  also  ran  from 
the  same  ferry  to  Cape  May  and  Tuckerton,  under 
charge  of  Joel  Bedine ;  to  Woodbury,  under  John 
N.  Watson ;  and  to  Bridgeton,  under  John  Parvin. 
On  the  south  side  of  Federal  Street,  at  the  ferry, 
were  the  livery  stables  of  Samuel  Laning  and  the 
hay-scales  and  grocery  of  John  Wessels. 

The  bank  was  then  in  operation  on  the  corner 
of  Second  and  Market  Streets,  the  building  having 
been  formerly  used  as  a  dwelling  and  shoe-shop  of 
Peter  Farrow.  Eichard  M.  Cooper  kept  a  store  at 
Cooper  Street  Ferry  and  also  the  post-ofiice. 
Nathan  Davis  was  for  many  years  his  deputy,  and 
finally  succeeded  him  in  the  post-ofiice.  A  cigar- 
box  was  the  receptacle  of  all  the  letters  brought 
by  one  mail  then.  William  Cooper  kept  the 
Coopers  Point  Ferry  and  Ferry  House.  A  store 
was  kept  at  that  place  by  John  Wood. 

Where  the  Camden  and  Amboy  Railroad  track 
crosses  Market  Street,  Isaac  McCully  had  a  black- 
smith shop,  William  Caffrey  soon  after  opened  a 
wheelwright  shop,  and  around  these  shops  grew 
up  Dogwoodtown  in  later  days,  and  the  shops 
developed  into  the  establishment  of  Charles  Caf- 
fray. 

At  the  head  of  Market,  on  north  side,  above 
Fifth  Street,  and  the  upper  end  of  the  town  plot, 
in  1824  Jacob  Lehr  built  a  large  candle  factory, 
twenty  by  fifty  feet,  with  a  capacity  of  making  at 
one  time  one  thoasand  two  hundred  candles  daily. 
It  was  continued  by  him  until  1840,  and  was  later 
used  by  Frederick  Fearing,  who  manufactured 
pianos  in   the  building  until   about  1864.     The 


drug  store  of  Charles  Stephenson  occupies  part  of 
the  site. 

Benjamin  Allen  was  running  a  tannery  with 
forty  vats  at  Kaighns  Point,  west  of  Second  Street, 
and  north  of  Kaighn  Avenue.  It  had  been  in 
operation  many  years. 

Elias  Kaighn  had  established,  at  Kaighns  Point, 
an  edge  tool  and  carriage  spring  manufactory, 
which  he  enlarged  and  added  thereto  a  foundry. 
He  also  had  a  foundry  in  Camden  about  1835  to 
1840,  which,  in  the  latter  year,  he  leased  and  con- 
tinued at  Kaighns  Point.  In  1834  he  opened  a 
coal-yard  at  Kaighns  Point,  and  kept  the  Lehigh 
and  Schuylkill  cOal.  His  foundry  and  shops  were 
continued  many  years. 

The  Ferry  House  and  ferry  at  Kaighns  Point 
were  kept  by  Ebenezer  Toole. 

Assessments  of  1834.— In  1834  Isaac  H.  Porter 
was  assessor,  Caleb  Roberts,  collector,  and  John 
K.  Cowperthwaite,  treasurer  of  Camden  township, 
with  Nathan  Davis,  Gideon  V.  Stivers  and  Isaac 
Vansciver,  commissioners  of  appeal.  The  tax  re- 
quired was,— For  State,  $158.90  ;  county,  $470.25 ; 
poor,  $235 ;  town  ship,  $600,— total,  $1463.15.  The 
tax-rate  was  25  cents  on  the  $100 ;  householders,  45 
cents ;  single  men,  $1.65 ;  horses  and  mules,  40  cents ; 
cattle,  18  cents;  gigs  and  chairs  (pleasure  carriages), 
28  cents;  common  wagons  and  dearborns, 40  cents; 
jack -wagons  (leather  springs),  80  cents;  sulkies,  21 
cents.  There  were  561  ratables,  of  whom  440 
were  householders  and  121  single  men.  The  tax 
duplicate  footed  up  $2153,  less  $74.50  dog  tax. 
The  dog  tax  was  50  cents.  The  following,  taken 
from  the  assessments  of  that  year,  will  give  an 
idea  of  the  possessions  of  the  leading  property- 
holders  of  that  day : 

Mrs.  Ann  Andrews  was  taxed  $4  for  a  lumber- 
yard. Josiah  Atkinson  was  assessed  at  $1000.  Ben- 
jamin Allen,  the  tanner,  for  forty  vats,  $1300 
mortgages  and  $1900  real  estate.  Atwood  &  Caw- 
cey,  five  lots  on  Market  Street,  $1300.  Ann  Bur- 
rough,  for  the  Taylor  property  on  Market,  above 
Third,  was  assessed  $300,  and  $2000  for  other 
property.  William  Bates,  house  and  lot,  southeast 
corner  Fifth  and  Market,  $1500;  five  lots  on  Fifth, 
below  Market,  $300,  and  lands,  $600.  Abraham 
Browning,  Sr.,  store  and  lot.  Second  and  Market, 
$1000;  livery  stable,  $500;  other  property,  $1500. 
Richard  M.  Cooper,  property,  $12,200;  lands, 
$1500;  his  tax  was  $39.40.  William  Carman's 
property  was  assessed  at  $18,800  ;  one  lot,  $300  ; 
and  his  saw-mill  was  taxed  $4.  Daniel  S.  Carter, 
assessed  at  $800  and  Edward  Dougherty  at  $700. 
Elizabeth  Heyle  was  assessed  at  $7000,  besides 
twenty-three  lots  at  $900.     Hugh  Hatch,  assessed 


448 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


at  $15,100;  tax,  $47.  Joseph  Kaighn's  assessments 
were, — three  lots,  $450 ;  three  lots,  $150 ;  a  store, 
$400 ;  bonds  and  mortgages,  $47,985 ;  other  prop- 
erty, $4400,— total,  $53,385;  his  tax  was  $136.50. 
Charles  Kaighn  was  assessed  at  $2900  and  taxed 
$1  for  a  lumber-yard.  Charity,  Grace  and  Ann 
Kaighn  were  assessed  $1700,  $1100,  and  $3200,  re- 
spectively. John  Kaighn,  real  property,  $4500  ; 
lands  and  mortgages,  15000.  Ebenezer  Levick» 
the  tanner,  was  taxed  for  forty  vats,  and  Auley 
McAlla,  long  cashier  of  the  State)  Bank,  was 
assessed  for  $2000  of  property.  Dr.  Isaac  Mul- 
ford  was  assessed  at  $4300.  William  Fortner 
waa  assessed  at  $2100,  and  for  a  lot  and  shop 
he  bought  of  Caleb  Eoberts,  next  to  the  south- 
west corner  of  Second  Street  and  Federal,  $200. 
Richard  Fetters  48J  Fetteraville  lots  were  as- 
sessed at  $50  each.  The  frame  two-story  house 
which  he  used  for  a  store,  and  an  upper  room  of 
which  he  rented  for  Council  meetings  in  1828,  for 
$12  per  year,  on  Third  below  Market,  where  As- 
sociation Hall  now  stands,  was  assessed  at  $400. 
His  other  property  was  assessed  at  $11,485,  besides 
$4655  in  lands  and  mortgages  and  $100  for  "the 
Shivers  lot,"  total,  $19,080.  This  tax  was  $47.62 J. 
Ellen  Genge,  real  property,  $7300  ;  personal,  $4,- 
000.  Her  tax  was  $28.55.  Frederick  Eath,  the 
veteran  ferryman,  was  assessed  at  $2200.  Collector 
Caleb  Eoberts  was  taxed  63  cents.  John  Sisty,  the 
Baptist  preacher,  was  assessed  at  $5800,  besides 
$3900  in  the  name  of  Sisty  &  Eichards,  partners 
in  real  estate  transactions.  Isaac  Smith's  property 
was  assessed  at  $8600,  and  bonds  at  $400.  Joab 
Scull  was  assessed  at  $1200,  and  taxed  $4  for  his 
store  at  Second  and  Federal. 

Gideon  V.  Stivers  was  assessed  at  $9400,  besides 
$350  for  his  carpenter  shop,  which  stood  on  Fourth 
Street,  adjoining  the  First  Baptist  Church  on  the 
north.  He  was  also  assessed  $150  for  "Stokes' 
shop."  Ebenezer  Toole,  of  the  Kaighns  Point 
Feri-y,  was  assessed  at  $19,250  ;  also  $900  for  3  J  lots 
and  $50  for  a  lot.  His  tax  was  $50.25.  Isaac  Van- 
sciver's  carriage  factory.  Front  and  Arch,  was  as- 
sessed at  $1200,  and  his  other  property  at  $5000. 
Joseph  Weatherby  built  and  opened  the  Eailroad 
Hotel,  Second  and  Bridge  Avenue,  when  the  Cam- 
den and  Amboy  Eailroad  was  built,  and  was  as- 
sessed at  $600.  David  Eead,  grandfather  of  Joseph 
J.,  Edmund  E.  and  the  late  John  S.  Read,  was 
assessed  at  $2900,  besides  a  lot  at  $300. 

The  legal  fee  of  the  assessor  was  eight  cents  per 
name,  but  the  economic  voters  of  that  day  devised 
a  plan  to  save  by  voting  for  the  candidate  who 
oflered  to  do  the  work  for  the  lowest  price.  Thus 
Daniel  S.  Carter,  at  the  spring  election  in  1833, 


offered  to  assess  for  four  cents,  and  being  the  low- 
est bidder,  got  the  votes  and  the  job,  but  when  he 
asked  for  eight  cents  a  name  he  received  it,  for 
the  law  was  on  his  side.  When,  however,  at  the 
next  town-meeting,  he  made  a  similar  offer,  the 
voters  preferred  the  bid  of  Caleb  Eoberts  for  four 
cents  and  made  him  assessor,  with  Isaac  H.  Porter 
collector  on  the  same  terms.  The  emoluments  of 
the  offices  that  year  were, — Roberts,  assessor,  $34.- 
02;  Porter,  collector,  $35.52;  while  Josiah  Shi- 
vers, assessor  in  1835,  received  $59.73  for  his  ser- 
vices, his  popularity,  or,  maybe,  absence  of  compe- 
tition, securing  him  the  contract  at  six  cents  a 
name. 

Interesting  Facts  and  Incidents. — Joseph 
Edwards,  in  the  year  1826,  erected  a  distillery 
for  the  distilling  of  spirits  of  turpentine,  on  the 
west  side  of  Front  Street,  south  of  the  old  print- 
ing-office. Rosin  was  brought  from  North  Car- 
olina, and  for  several  years  he  carried  on  an 
extensive  business,  and  until  distilleries  began  to 
be  erected  nearer  the  supply  of  rosin.  About  1833 
he  sold  to  Benjamin  F.  Davis,  who  turned  his 
attention  to  the  preparation  of  camphine,  burning- 
fluid  and  other  illuminators.  He  did  a  large  busi- 
ness and  made  money.  Several  disastrous  fires 
occurred  at  his  works,  and  Council  passed  an 
ordinance  restricting  the  boiling  or  distilling  of 
oil  or  turpentine  within  the  city  limits.  With  the 
advent  of  coal  oil,  Davis'  occupation  vanished. 

Charles  Freeman,  about  1833,  established  a  fac- 
tory at  the  foot  of  what  is  now  Penn  Street,  on  the 
north  side,  for  the  manufacture  of  leather  and  fur 
caps.  Women  were  mostly  employed.  His  works 
were  removed  a  short  time  after  to  near  the  centre 
of  the  square  bounded  by  Front,  Second,  Market 
and  Cooper  Streets,  where  he  added  the  manufac- 
ture of  oil-cloth.  This  establishment  was  destroyed 
by  fire  January  18,  1844. 

After  Charles  Freeman  removed  his  cap  factory 
from  the  foot  of  Penn  Street,  Flannigan  &  Carpen- 
ter fitted  up  the  building  for  a  grist-mill,  which 
they  continued  for  several  years  and  sold  to  Bing- 
ham &  McKeen.  The  mill  was  in  operation  until 
it  was  destroyed  by  fire.  Above  the  grist-mill  of 
Flannigan  &  Carpenter,  Joseph  Jones  also  erected 
a  grist-mill,  which  was  in  operation  several  years. 
Jacob  Sawn,  in  June,  1834,  began  the  manufac- 
ture of  cedar-ware  on  Second  Street,  five  doors 
below  Federal.  Jacob  Ludlam,  who  had  kept 
store  for  several  years  on  Federal  Street,  opposite 
the  town-house,  sold  his  grocery,  April  15,  1834, 
to  Amasa  Armstrong.  Josiah  S.  Stevenson,  April 
15,  1834,  opened  a  flour,  feed  and  grocery  store  on 
the  corner  of  Market  and  Second  Streets,  opposite 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


449 


the  bank.  John  E.  Sickler,  former  editor  of  the 
Camden  Mail,  in  1834  opened  a  "  drug  and  medi- 
cine store"  at  his  residence,  on  Market  Street,  be- 
tween Third  and  Fourth. 

About  1830  Robert  Smith  started  a  pottery, 
using  a  portion  of  Benjamin  Allen's  premises  at 
Kaighns  Point.  He  took  in  partnership  with  him 
his  brother,  George  H.  Smith.  The  product  was 
glazed  earthenware.  The  industry  continued  for 
a  number  of  years.  George  H.  Smith  was  a  har- 
ness-maker and  a  prominent  politician. 

Benjamin  Dugdale,  a  son-in-law  of  James 
Kaighn,  about  1830  established  a  tannery  at  the 
foot  of  Cooper  Street,  on  the  site  of  Esterbrook's 
pen  factory,  which  in  1834  had  forty  vats  and  was 
conducted  by  Ebenezer  Levick.  The  site  was 
later  used  by  Joseph  Myers  for  a  liverj'  stable,  and 
until  the  Camden  Water- Works  Company  erected 
the  brick  building  now  part  of  the  pen  factory. 

Smith  &  Kane,  in  May,  1834,  opened  a  "  Drug 
and  Medicine  Store  "  on  the  northwest  corner  of 
Plum  and  Third  Streets,  and  in  May,  1835,  dis- 
solved partnership.  Daniel  S.  Smith  continued 
the  business  and  soon  after  sold  to  Dr.  J..  Roberts. 
J.  C.  De  La  Cour  became  a  partner  and  on  October 
19,  1836,  the  latter  was  alone  in  the  "Drug  and 
Chemical  Store,"  and  is  now  (1886)  in  the  same 
business.  Browning  Morgan  had  been  for  many 
years  engaged  in  the  sale  of  drugs  and  medicine. 

Ledden  Davis,  after  conducting  the  dry-goods 
and  grocery  business  for  many  years,  sold  out  in 
June,  1834.  A  few  years  later  he  went  to  Chicago. 
His  store  was  on  the  north  side  of  Plum  Street, 
two  doors  below  Fourth. 

Norcross,  Reeves,  Toy  &  Co.  advertised,  Octo- 
ber 23,  1834,  "  that  in  addition  to  their  old  estab- 
lished mail-stage,  they  would  begin  to  run  a  new 
accommodation  stage,  to  leave  Good  Intent  every 
morning,  Sundays  excepted,  and  pass  through 
Blackwoodtortu,  Chews  Landing,  Mount  Ephraim, 
and  returning  leave  Toy's  Ferry,  Camden,  at  2.30 

P.M." 

John  Brock  and  Jonathan  Pitney,  M.D.,  (the 
latter  of  whom  became  the  projector  of  the  Cam- 
den and  Atlantic  Railroad),  in  this  year  (1834) 
disposed  of  their  line  of  stages  running  between 
Philadelphia,  Absecom  and  Somers  Point,  consist- 
ing of  twelve  horses,  two  stages  and  mail  contract. 

Dr.  Lee  advertised  that  he  "  had  paid  consider- 
able attention  to  the  practice  of  dentistry,  such  as 
filling,  plugging  and  extracting  teeth,"  and  asked 
the  patronage  of  the  people  of  Camden. 

Philip  J.  Grey,  then  editor  of  the  West  Jer- 
sey Mail,  says,  in  this  year  (1834),  that  Camden 
sends  off  two  or  three  coaches  daily  to  the  South. 


Mr.  Cole  has  a  four-story  shop  with  one  hundred 
windows.  Richards  &  Collins  and  T.  &  R.  S. 
Humphreys  each  had  shops.  Isaac  Vansciver  was 
also  the  proprietor  of  a  large  establishment. 

Davy  Crockett,  the  celebrated  frontiersman, 
stopped  in  Camden  on  the  14th  of  May,  1834, 
while  on  his  way  to  Washington  from  Boston.  He 
was  then  a  representative  in  Congress  from  the 
State  of  Kentucky.  He  also  stopped  at  Jersey 
City  on  his  way  to  Camden,  and  at  a  shooting- 
match  there  he  gave  splendid  evidences  of  his 
skill  as  a  marksman,  hitting  a  silver  quarter  of  a 
dollar  at  a  distance  of  forty  yards.  While  visiting 
Camden  he  was  the  guest  of  Isaiah  Toy,  at  his 
Ferry  Hotel,  now  at  the  foot  of  Fedeial  Street. 
After  attending  a  banquet  given  by  Mr.  Toy,  in 
his  honor,  he  participated  in  a  shooting-match, 
but  before  he  had  an  opportunity  to  sustain  his 
fame  as  a  marksman,  "  some  of  the  light-fingered 
gentry,"  always  present  at  such  places,  stole  from 
him  the  sum  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  dollars, 
which  very  much  discomfited  the  humorist  Con- 
gressman. Other  unwary  persona  present  met  a 
similar  misfortune  at  this  shooting-match. 

By  an  act  of  Congress  in  1834,  the  city  of  Cam- 
den became  a  port  of  entry,  and  Morris  Croxall 
became  surveyor  and  inspector. 

August  25,  1834,  George  Elliot,  an  aeronaut, 
made  an  ascension  from  Camden  in  his  balloon 
"  Lafayette." 

Daniel  S.  Southard  and  Abraham  Browning  in 
this  year  associated  themselves  together  to  prac- 
tice law  and  opened  an  office  in  a  building  adjoin- 
ing Toy's  Hotel. 

In  1835  there  were  two  thousand  people  and 
four  hundred  houses  in  Camden ;  the  latter  were 
all  occupied  and  there  was  a  great  demand  for 
more. 

Benjamin  Burrough,  who  for  many  years  had 
kept  a  livery  staljle  at  Coopers  Point,  advertised 
for  sale  in  May,  1834  ;  Bradford  Stratton,  of  the 
same  place,  advertised  his  livery  stable  for  sale 
September  30, 1835. 

Jacob  S.  Collings,  before  1835,  had  a  coach  man- 
ufactory, which  "turns  coaches,  dear-boms  and 
vehicles  of  various  descriptions." 

In  August,  1835,  William  Norcross  &  Co.,  of 
Blackwood,  advertised  "  a  new  and  superior  line  of 
stages  leaving  Reeves'  Ferry,  Market  Street,  Phil- 
adelphia, and  Toy's  Ferry,  Camden,  passing 
through  Mount  Ephraim,  Chews  Landing,  Black- 
wood, Cross  Keys,  Squankum,  Free  Will,  Blue 
Anchor,  Winslow,  Mays  Landing  and  Somers 
Point  to  Absecom,  where  there  are  superior  ad- 
vantages for  sea-bathing." 


450 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


In  1835  Hannah  Clement  was  keeping  a  dry- 
goods  store  on  Federal  Street,  below  Third.  She 
advertised  a  full  supply  of  all  kinds  of  goods. 

Mrs.  Vaughn,  in  1835,  owned  a  bakery  on  the 
corner  of  Third  and  Market,  and  in  December  of 
that  year  sold  to  E.  D.  Wessels. 

In  1836  William  J.  Hatch  was  keeping  a  store 
on  the  corner  of  Market  and  Third  Streets. 

William  Morris,  in  1836,  carried  on  the  watch 
and  clock-making  business  near  the  corner  of 
Third  and  Plum. 

On  Monday  evening,  April  4,  1836,  at  "early 
candle-light,"  a  temperance  meeting  convened  in 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  An  address  was 
delivered  by  William  Kee,  chairman  of  the  State 
Temperance  Society.  Jacob  S.  Collings  was  chair- 
man of  ihe  meeting.  A  committee  was  appointed 
to  draft  a  constitution  for  a  Camden  society.  The 
committee  reported  and  a  constitution  was  read 
and  adopted  and  a  society  formed. 

Mark  Burrough,  in  1836,  established  the  busi- 
ness of  weaving  on  Plum  Street,  between  Third 
and  Fourth  Streets. 

Joseph  C.  Morgan,  in  June,  1836,  advertised  for 
sale  his  grocery  store  at  Paul's  Ferry,  Camden. 

J.  C.  Burrough  established  a  tailor  shop  on  the 
corner  of  Second  and  Federal  Streets  March  1, 
1837. 

The  new  burial-ground  was  opened  in  May, 
1837,  and  the  first  sale  of  lots  was  made  on  the  29th 
of  the  month. 

Charles  Bontemps  opened  a  gunsmith-shop  op- 
posite ihi  bank  July  12,  1837.  He  continued 
many  years  and  later  was  postmaster. 

Caleb  Roberts  opened  a  cabinet-shop  on  Third 
Street,  opposite  the  Methodist  Church,  in  1837. 

William  Wannon,  in  February,  1839,  established 
a  book-bindery  in  Fettersville,  which  continued 
many  years. 

D.  Dickinson,  a  portrait  and  niiniature  painter, 
opened  a  studio  in  Camden  August  19,  1840. 

Horatio  Shepherd  and  Andrew  Wilson  for  sev- 
eral years  had  conducted  pump-making  between 
Clement's  and  English's  Ferries,  and  August  7, 
1840,  dissolved  partnership  and  Wilson  contin- 
ued. 

Dr.  Richard  M.  Cooper  opened  an  office  between 
Front  and  Second,  on  Cooper  Street,  August  26, 
1840.  The  upper  part  of  the  Baptist  Church  was 
dedicated  January  3, 1841 ;  N.  B.  Tindall  was  then 
pastor.  On  the  5th  of  July,  1840,  J.  Coffee  opened 
a  public-house  called  "  Coffee's  Woodlands."  Seven 
acres  of  woodland  were  fitted  up  for  the  public. 
It  was  ten  minutes'  walk  from  the  ferries,  and  on 
Sunday  afternoons  an  omnibus  was  in  waiting  at 


Walnut  Street  Ferry  to  conduct  visitors  to  the 
garden.  Judge  J.  K.  Cowperthwait  opened  a  store 
in  January,  1841,  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Sec- 
ond and  Federal  Streets.  Charles  B.  Mench  was 
upholstering  in  a  shop  on  Plum  Street,  six  doors 
above  Second  Street. 

J.  &  H.  Chapman,  tin  plate  and  sheet-iron 
workers,  had  a  shop  in  1841  on  Market  Street  be- 
tween Second  and  Third.  John  Eoss  established 
a  tailor  shop  in  May,  1841,  in  No.  4  Lanning's 
How,  opposite  Cake's  Hotel  (Toy's  Ferry  House). 
John  B.  Eichardson  advertised  to  furnish  Camden 
with  Schuylkill  coal  from  August  12,  1840.  Sep- 
tember 16th,  the  same  year.  Cole  &  Elfreth  also 
had  coal  for  sale.  Their  ofBce  was  on  Front  Street, 
between  Market  and  Plum.  William  Carman,  who 
had  kept  both  Lehigh  and  Schuylkill  coal  since 
1835,  advertised  to  deliver  it  from  his  mill  at  $4.50 
per  ton.  In  1841  Eichard  Fetters  advertised  two 
hundred  and  eight  lots  for  sale,  parts  of  and  addi- 
tions to  his  plot,  which  derived  the  name  of  Fet- 
tersville. On  the  8th  of  June,  1840,  George  G. 
Hatch  advertised  "  to  open  a  milk  route  and  to 
supply  Camden  with  pure,  good  milk  and  cream," 
and  solicited  patronage.  This  does  not  appear  to 
be  the  first  attempt  to  open  a  milk  route,  as  in 
1825  William  Carman  built  a  two-story  brick  house 
on  the  east  side  of  Newton  Avenue,  south  of  Bridge 
Avenue,  for  his  tenant,  Witten  Eichmond,  who 
farmed  the  land  and  managed  the  dairy,  the 
Coopers  Creek  meadows  providing  the  pasture. 
He  was  the  first  to  serve  customers  by  going  from 
house  to  house.  The  dairy  farm  was  continued  as 
late  as  1859. 

In  1842  John  &  James  G.  Capewell  established 
works  for  the  manufacture  of  flint  glassware  at 
Kaighns  Point.  They  were  located  in  the  block 
bounded  by  Kaighu  Avenue  and  Sycamore,  Sec- 
ond and  Locust.  The  Capewells  were  masters  of 
the  craft,  and  putting  on  the  market  a  superior  ar- 
ticle, established  a  large  and  lucrative  trade,  and 
gave  employment  to  twenty-five  skilled  mechanics, 
besides  other  help.  The  works  flourished  until 
crippled  by  the  financial  crisis  and  industrial  de- 
pression of  1857,  and  after  a  struggle  of  two  years, 
were  finally  closed  in  1859. 

S.  W.  Trotter,  in  May,  1842,  was  keeping  an 
"  iron  store"  next  to  E.  W.  Cake's  Hotel  and  ferry. 
E.  W.  Howell  opened  a  law-office  at  the  foot  of 
Market  Street  in  1841,  and  in  May,  1842,  moved 
to  building  adjoining  Cake's  Hotel.  A  Union 
Temperance  Beneficial  Society  of  Camden  was  or- 
ganized in  January,  1842,  under  an  act  of  Leg- 
islature, with  Samuel  H.  Davis  as  secretary. 
Clement  Cresson,  a  druggist  at  No.  54,  south  side 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


451 


of  Market  Street,  sold  to  Edward  Cole  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1843.  William  Carman  built  at  Coopers 
Point  a  large  ice-house  in  the  fall  of  1842,  which 
held  "  50,000  bushels  of  ice." 

Joseph  C.  Shivers,  the  proprietor  of  the  old  es- 
tablished line  of  stages  to  Haddonfield,  sold  the 
business,  in  October,  1843,  to  Benjamin  M.  Rob- 
erts. Evans  &  Brink,  who  owned  a  wharf  on  the 
river-bank,  in  August,  1843,  opened  also  a  coal- 
yard,  where  they  kept  for  sale  Lehigh,  Beaver 
Meadow,  Peach  Orchard,  Sugar  Loaf,  Hazleton 
and  Schuylkill  coal  for  sale.  Dr.  G.  Schwartz, 
who  had  been  practicing  homceopathy  for  nine 
years,  July  23,  1845,  advertised  that  he  intended 
to  locate  permanently  in  Camden,  and  was  daily 
at  Mr.  Fearing's  house,  on  Market  Street  near 
Sixth.  B,.  J.  Ward  opened  a  new  store,  corner  of 
Federal  and  Third  Streets,  in  January,  1844.  Ed- 
ward Browning  &  Brothers  erected  a  steam  plaster- 
mill  on  the  river's  edge  and  Market  Street,  in 
March,  1846. 

Jesse  W.  Starr,  the  proprietor  of  the  West  Jer- 
sey Iron  Foundry,  opened  a  hardware  store  on 
Bridge  Avenue,  below  Second  Street,  in  1846. 

In  the  year  of  1845  great  additions  were  made 
to  the  town  by  extensive  building  of  rows  of  brick 
houses  in  South  Camden.  Three  large  brick 
houses  by  Mr.  Fearing  ;  one  large  brick  dwelling, 
corner  of  Market  and  Second,  by  Edward  Smith ; 
five-story  brick  building  on  site  of  ihe  "late  fire;" 
three-story  elegant  brick  dwelling,  on  Cooper 
Street,  by  William  Lawrence;  Collins  &  Carman, 
two  large  brick  coach-shops,  and  many  other 
smaller  buildings.  Ealph  Lee  opened  a  coal-yard 
at  Kaighns  Point  in  1852.  It  had  been  sold  three 
years  before  by  Elias  Kaighn. 

In  1852  Lefevre,  Guthrie  &  Co.  were  running 
the  carriage  factory  established  many  years  before 
by  Isaac  Cole.  It  was  on  the  river  at  the  foot  of 
Plum  Street. 

About  1845  Collins  and  the  heirs  of  Marmaduke 
C.  Cope  erected  on  the  Cope  property  a  mill  for 
the  manufacture  of  paper.  It  was  operated  by 
James  and  Robert  Greenleaf ;  March  24,  1854, 
they  made  an  assignment  to  P.  J.  Grey.  At  that 
time  the  mill  had  been  lately  repaired,  and  had  a 
capacity  of  manufacturing  forty-five  tons  of  paper 
per  month,  with  ten  rag-machines,  one  cylinder 
and  one  Fourdrinier  machine.  The  machine-shops 
of  M.  Furbush  &  Son  now  occupy  the  site. 

The  Camden  Literary  and  Library  Association 
was  organized  January  23,  1852.  A  course  of  lec- 
tures was  conducted  in  1853. 

Dr.  G.  S.  Frederick  Pfieffer,  homoeopathic  phy- 
sician, opened  an  office  at  No.  48  Stevens  Street  in 


1854.  The  Free  Eeading-Room  Association  opened 
rooms  in  the  second  stoj'y  of  Samuel  Andrews' 
building  in  October,  1854.  The  corner-stone  of 
the  Methodist  Church,  on  Coopers  Hill,  was  laid 
August  7,  1855 ;  Bishop  Janes  and  Rev.  Mr.  Bar- 
tine  conducted  the  services.  The  State  Agricul- 
tural Society  held  its  fair  at  Camden  September 
18-21, 1855.  The  Washington  Market-House  Com- 
pany was  organized  April  17,  1856.  Brink  &  Dur- 
vin,  in  1854,  erected  a  rolling-mill  at  Coopers  Point, 
near  the  head  of  Third  Street,  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  bar-iron,  and  operated  it  for  several  years. 
It  was  afterwards  bought  by  the  firm  of  Noble, 
Hammett  &  Co.,  of  which  Asa  Packer  was  also 
a  member.  It  was  subsequently  sold  to  A.  T_ 
Wilson  &  Co.,  who  did  a  large  business,  but 
eventually  transferred  it  to  the  Camden  Rolling- 
Mill  Company,  which  was  incorporated  by  Charles 
Garrett,  J.  W.  Middleton,  Jacob  Harned,  William 
Decou,  Edward  Middleton,  Nathan  Middleton, 
Allen  Middleton  and  David  Longenecker,  who 
continued  business  for  many  years.  A  nail  factory 
for  the  production  of  cut  nails  was  built  by  A.  T. 
Wilson  &  Co.,  in  1860,  on  Front  Street,  adjoining 
the  rolling-mill.  They  employed  four  hundred 
hands  in  the  rolling-mill  and  nail  factory. 

A  foundry  was  also  built,  on  Second  and  Erie 
Streets,  by  the  Camden  RoUing-Mill  Company 
for  the  manufacture  of  cast-iron  pipe,  and  thirty 
moulders  were  employed  in  the  foundry.  The 
company  operated  the  foundry  until  1869,  when  it 
was  bought  by  Jesee  W.  Starr  &  Son.  The  roll- 
ing-mill, nail-works  and  foundry  have  been  out  of 
blast  since  1870;  a  portion  of  the  land  occupied  by 
them  was  bought  and  dwellings  erected  thereon. 

The  first  cobble  pavement  was  laid  in  1851  be- 
tween Market  and  Arch.  There  are  now  (1886)  22 
milesof  cobble  pavement;  4yVt!-  miles  of  rubble  pave- 
ment; 2tV!r  miles  of  asphalt  pavement;  ^=5%  miles 
of  Belgian  blocks  pavement ;  j%%  miles  of  Telford 
pavement. 

The  first  culvert  was  laid  along  Federal  Street 
in  1864.  There  was,  up  to  1886,  twenty-eight  miles 
of  culverting  in  the  city. 

"  The  Pleasure  Railway  "  in  the  city  of  Cam- 
den was  built  in  May  1834.  It  was  a  circular 
track  on  which  two  miniature  cars  "  were  pro- 
pelled by  an  easy  and  healthful  application  of 
power  in  a  beautiful  grove  at  Coopers  Point."  It 
afforded  innocent  amusement  to  the  youths  of  that 

day. 

There  were  no  large  shoe  stores  in  the  early 
days  of  Camden  City.  Shoes  were  made  to  order, 
and  in  some  cases  the  shoemaker  would  take  his 
kit  of  tools  to  the  house  of  the  patron,  who  furn- 


452 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


ished  the  leather,  and  make  up  a  stock  sufficient 
to  last  for  months.  The  leading  shoemaker  of 
Camden,  in  1828,  was  James  Deur,  or  "Uncle 
Jimmy"  as  he  was  called.  He  resided  at  Coopers 
Point  and  was  elected  to  the  first  council  to  repre- 
sent "  the  village  of  William  Cooper's  Ferry,"  but 
declined  to  serve.  He  was  a  good  man,  an  active 
Methodist  and  a  Jackson  Democrat. 

Pleasure  Gardens. — The  memory  of  the  old- 
est inhabitant,  recalling  the  scenes  of  the  fir.st 
years  of  the  present  century,  represents  the  site  of 
Camden  as  very  rural  in  its  character.  Corn-fields, 
pasture-lands,  orchards  and  woods  covered  its 
face,  and  the  numerous  tidal  streams  flowing  into 
the  Delaware  afforded  excellent  sport  for  anglers, 
and  Philadelphians  in  large  numbers,  attracted  by 
these  conditions,  made  it  a  resort,  and  sought  the 
shade  and  pleasure  it  furnished.  The  people  of 
"  Pluck-em-in  "  (as  Camden  was  sometimes  called), 
with  an  eye  to  gain,  encouraged  these  visitations 
hy  establishing  gardens,  with  seats  for  the  weary, 
viands  for  the  hungry  and  drinks  for  the  thirsty, 
adding  to  the  attractions  by  providing  merry-go- 
rounds,  shuffle-boards,  nine-pins,  swings  and  other 
means  of  pleasure  and  recreation.  Every  ferry 
had  a  garden  attached  to  it,  and  others  were  to  be 
found  in  the  oak  and  pine  groves  covering  much 
of  the  land.  The  Vauxhall  Garden  was  the  most 
noted  of  these  in  the  olden  time,  on  the  east  side 
of  Fourth  Street,  between  Market  and  Arch.  It 
was  first  opened  by  Joseph  Laturno,  a  Frenchman, 
who  ran  the  steamer  "Minette"  from  Market 
Street  for  the  accommodation  of  his  patrons.  This 
was  in  1818.  The  garden  was  well  patronized,  but 
Laturno  soon  left  for  Washington,  taking  the 
"  Minette "  with  him.  John  Johnson  succeeded, 
and  was  in  the  hey-dey  of  success  when  Camden 
was  made  a  city.  The  first  City  Council  met  in 
his  house.  This  garden  was  a  great  resort  while 
in  Johnson's  hands,  and  multitudes  sought  its 
shades,  the  amusements  it  afl'orded  and  the  ice- 
cream and  the  rum  toddies  it  supplied.  The 
latter  were  sometimes  too  strong  for  weak  heads 
and  at  times  brawls,  fights  and  even  riots  resulted 
from  too  free  indulgence.  Johnson  was  succeeded 
by  a  German  named  Geyer,  who  was  noted  for 
his  fondness  for  crows,  which  he  shot  and  cooked 
in  a  way  of  his  own.  This  penchant  for  the  sable 
croakers  led  a  number  of  young  men  to  go  with  a 
wagon  one  night  to  the  crow-roost  or  rookery  in 
the  woods,  near  the  Catholic  Cemetery,  in  Stock- 
ton township,  where  they  secured  a  large  number, 
and  in  the  morning  dumped  them  before  Geyer's 
door,  who,  whether  pleased  or  not,  had  the  discre- 
tion to  appear  pleased,  and  requested  a  repetition 


of  the   favor.     With   Geyer's  departure,  in  1835, 
Vauxhall  ceased  to  be  a  public  resort. 

The  Columbia  Garden  was  started  in  1824  by 
Sebastian  Himel,  the  baker,  in  the  grove  between 
Market  and  Arch,  above  Fifth  Street.  On  his 
death  his  brother-in-law,  Henry  C.  Heyle,  con- 
ducted it,  making  sausage  in  winter  and  running  the 
garden  in  summer.  He  lived  there  but  a  short  time, 
and,  in  1828,  the  liquor  license  was  granted  to  his 
widow,  Elizabeth  Heyle,  who  conducted  it  for  a 
number  of  years.  It  came  into  the  possession  of 
Gottlieb  Zimmerman,  well  known  to  many  of  the 
present  generation.  He  constructed  a  house  in 
the  form  of  an  immense  puncheon,  from  which  the 
garden  was  thereafter  known  as  the  "  Tub."  The 
bar  was  on  the  ground  floor,  while,  on  the  second 
floor,  large  parties  enjoyed  the  pleasures  of  the 
dance.  The  outside  of  this  unique  building  was 
kept  in  place  by  great  bands  of  iron,  similar  to  the 
hoops  on  a  barrel.  Zimmerman  was  the  last  occu- 
pant of  the  "Tub." 

The  Diamond  Cottage,  situated  north  of  Cooper 
and  east  of  Sixth  Street,  was  opened  by  Joshua 
Benson,  and  was  a  popular  resort  for  many  years. 
Its  proprietors  after  Benson  were  Gottlieb  Zimmer- 
man, Frank  Eichter  and  others.  It  was  classed  as 
a  beer  garden  in  1875,  and  has  since  been  the 
meeting-place  of  the  Prohibitionists,  who  gather  in 
large  numbers  and  listen  to  some  of  the  best 
speakers  in  the  land.  It  is  asserted  that  near  the 
end  of  the  grove,  at  Cooper  Street,  was  the  burial- 
place  of  many  dead  victims  of  the  yellow  fever  ep- 
idemic which  visited  Philadelphia  in  1793,  the 
bodies  being  brought  over  the  river  and  buried 
there.  It  was  also  the  burial-place  of  unknown 
drowned  persons.  New  Jersey  State  fair  was  held 
here  in  1855. 

The  Woodland  Garden,  along  the  Camden  and 
Amboy  Railroad,  northeast  of  H  addon  Avenue, 
was  opened  by  Joseph  Maurer  in  1857.  This  was 
part  of  the  Carman  grove  of  oaks  that  formerly 
covered  a  large  space  of  the  centre  of  the  city. 
It  was  popular  in  its  time,  and  when  Maurer  died 
others  succeeded  him,  but  improvements  en- 
croached upon  the  grove,  and  the  trees  have  been 
supplanted  by  brick  houses. 

The  Cave  was  an  excavation  in  the  bank  facing 
the  meadows  on  Coopers  Creek,  south  of  Federal 
Street,  and  was  opened  in  1855  by  August  Sand- 
man and  William  Helmuth,  whose  drinking-places 
were  closed  on  Sundays  by  the  vigilance  of  Mayor 
Samuel  Scull.  It  was  not  a  garden,  for  there  was 
no  shade,  except  that  furnished  by  canvas,  but  it 
was  outside  the  city  limits,  and  therefore  beyond 
the  mayor's  juritdiction,  and  to  it  the  thirsty  hied 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


453 


on  Sunday  in  large  numbers.  The  Cave  main- 
tained its  existence  for  several  years,  but  few  now 
living  remember  it. 

Coopers  Ferry  Garden,  situated  on  the  north 
side  of  Cooper  Street,  west  of  Front,  was  a  noted 
resort  and  was  started  by  Joseph  and  Israel  Eng- 
lish, father  and  son,  when  they  had  charge  of  the 
ferry.  The  house  was  the  one  built  by  William 
Cooper  in  1769,  and  removed  in  1883,  the  site  being 
wanted  for  improvements. 

English's  Garden  was  on  the  south  side  of  Market 
Street,  below^  Front,  and  was  first  opened  by 
Benjamin  Springer  in  1818,  and  continued  until 
several  years  after  the  West  Jersey  Hotel  was 
opened  by  Israel  English,  in  1849.  It  was  called 
Springer's  Garden  while  he  controlled  it. 

The  Round  House,  as  the  garden  at  the  Federal 
Street  Ferry  was  called,  because  of  the  circular 
two-story  brick  house,  built  by  Jacob  Eidgway, 
was  started  by  him  in  1832.  It  was  south  of  Fed- 
eral Street,  the  Fulmer  building  occupying  part 
of  the  site.  The  large  willows,  planted  by  Eidg- 
way's  orders,  were  cut  down  a  few  years  ago. 

Toole's  Garden,  at  Kaighns  Point,  was  south 
and  east  of  the  hotel  at  Front  Street  and  Kaighn 
Avenue.  There  was  a  small  garden  attached  to 
the  hotel  below  the  ferry  and  both  places  had 
many  visitors.  Dr.  L.  F.  Fisler  says :  "  Kaighns 
Point  at  that  day  was  a  place  of  great  resort  for 
the  citizens  of  Philadelphia  during  the  summer 
season.  It  is  said  that  Captain  Watmough,  of  the 
Washington  Guards,  and  Captain  James  Page,  of 
the  State  Fencibles,  often  visited  this  cool  and 
shady  retreat,  accompanied  by  Frank  Johnson's 
renowned  Black  Band.  Then  the  music  consisted 
of  national  and  patriotic  airs  and  marches,  instead 
of  so  much  of  the  spiritless  pieces  of  the  present 
day." 

There  was  a  garden  at  the  Coopers  Point  Ferry, 
and,  in  fact,  every  ferry  had  a  garden,  except  that 
on  the  upper  side  of  Market  Street. 

"  Sausage  Weaving  "  was  quite  an  industry 
in  Camden  two  and  three  generations  ago,  and 
farther  back  than  that  in  all  probability,  but  it  is 
one  of  those  trades  of  which  no  public  record  is 
made  and  hence  dependence  for  information  re- 
garding it  falls  upon  the  memory  of  the  living. 
Among  the  oldest  living  of  those  who  in  times 
past  regaled  the  taste  of  Philadelphia  epicures 
with  the  well-seasoned,  linked-up  result  of  finely- 
chopped  corn-fed  pork,  named  Jersey  sausage,  was 
Joseph  Sharp,  of  830  South  Fifth  Street,  where, 
about  1835,  he  built  his  house  with  all  the  essen- 
tial appliances  for  successful  trade.  He  had  car- 
ried on  for  nearly  ten  years  before  in  the  upper 
54 


part  of  Philadelphia  and  found  his  patrons  in  the 
Spring  Garden  Market. 

William  Sharp,  a  brother,  started  a  few  years 
later,  and  was  quite  successful,  amassing  a  compe- 
tence which  he  is  now  enjoying.  His  establish- 
ment during  the  last  years  of  his  active  business 
life  was  on  Kaighn  Avenue  and  his  market  was 
on  Shippen  Street.  Early  in  the  present  century 
David  Eead,  grandfather  of  Joseph  J.  and  Edmund 
E.  Eead,  of  Camden,  did  a  large  business  at  sau- 
sage weaving  at  his  residence  on  Arch  Street,  be- 
low Third. 

James  McGonigle  carried  on  in  the  "  twenties," 
at  Fourth  Street  and  Taylor's  Avenue,  and  made 
money. 

Peter  Bender  began  sausage  weaving  in  1826, 
on  Arch  Street,  but  removed  to  Coopers  Hill.  He 
died  in  1858. 

Thomas  McDowell's  factory  was  at  No.  825 
South  Fifth  and  his  brother  Isaac  was  on  Third 
Street,  near  Arch.  They  stood  on  Market  Street, 
between  Front  and  Second  Streets,  Philadelphia, 
called  the  Jersey  Market,  because  so  many  of  the 
stalls  were  rented  by  Jerseymen.  It  was  here 
Samuel  Scull,  once  mayor,  once  Assemblyman  and 
often  Councilman,  sold  his  sausage  and  Jersey 
cured  hams  from  his  establishment  on  Kaighn 
Avenue,  near  Locust. 

The  earliest  sausage  weaver,  of  which  tradition 
gives  notice,  was  Edward  Daugherty,  who  was  one 
of  the  first  Councilmen  of  the  new  city,  and  who 
long  before  there  was  an  established  church 
in  Camden,  he  a  Methodist,  with  Edward  Sharp, 
a  Presbyterian,  established  a  Sunday-school  in  the 
old  Camden  Academy.  Edward  Daugherty  was  re- 
garded as  one  of  the  best  men  in  the  town  and  was 
noted  for  his  integrity  in  business,  in  which  he 
secured  competence,  if  not  great  wealth.  He  began 
business  on  Federal  Street,  above  Fourth,  after- 
wards building  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Third 
and  Bridge  Avenue.  He,  too,  "  stood "  in  the 
"Jersey  Market,"  and,  like  many  of  his  fellow- 
craftsmen,  could  be  seen  early  on  market  mornings 
trundlinga  wheelbarrow,  load  with  piles  of  sausage, 
on  his  way  to  the  ferry  and  to  the  "  Jersey  Mar- 
ket." 

It  was  in  this  market  that  Eeiley  Barrett,  a  local 
preacher,  politician,  shoemaker,  city  treasurer 
and  member  of  Assembly,  sold  his  linked  wares 
for  a  time,  and  for  many  years  he  dispensed  his 
sausage  hot,  with  coffee  and  rolls,  to  his  hungry 
fellow- Jersey  men. 

There  were  others  in  the  trade  in  the  earlier 
years  of  the  century,  among  them  William  J. 
Hawk,  on  Kaighn  Avenue,  and  Andrew  Jenkins, 


454 


HISTOKY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


and  all  who  did  not  waste,  saved  money,  as  for 
long  years  the  reputation  of  "Jersey  Sausage" 
was  such  that  the  demand  was  equal  to  the  sup- 
ply and  the  price  equal  to  the  reputation.  In  ad- 
dition to  her  duties  as  proprietress  of  the  Columbia 
Garden,  Elizabeth  Heyle  did  an  extensive  busi- 
ness in  the  winter  season  iu  sausage-making,  as 
did  her  husband,  Henry  Heyle,  many  years  before 
his  death,  in  1825. 


CHAPTER    IV. 

BANKS  AND  BANKING. 

The  First  Bank  in  New  Jersey — State  and  National  Laws  Governing 
the  Banking  System — The  National  State  Bank  of  Camden — The 
Farmers  and  Mechanics  Bank — The  First.National  Bank — The 
Camden  Safe  Deposit  Company — The  Camden  National  Bank. 

The  Fiest  Bank  in  New  Jersey. — The  busi- 
ness of  banking  in  the  State  of  New  Jersey  origi- 
nated within  the  present  limits  of  Camden  County, 
in  the  year  1682,  and  its  founder  was  Mark  Newbie, 
one  of  the  guiding  spirits  of  the  Newton  colony, 
who  located  near  the  middle  branch  of  Newton 
Creek  with  the  first  settlers  in  1681.  He  was  a 
man  of  considerable  estate,  and  although  he  lived 
but  a  short  time  after  his  arrival  in  America,  he 
became  the  owner  of  several  large  tracts  of  land. 
In  May,  1682,  the  Legislature  of  New  Jersey,  by 
the  passage  of  the  following  act,  created  Mark 
Newbie  the  first  banker  in  the  province : 

"  For  the  convenient  Payment  of  small  sums,  be  it  enacted  that 
Mark  Newbie' B  half-pence,  from  and  after  the  Eighteenth  instant, 
pass  for  half-pence  current  pay  of  the  province,  provided  he,  the 
said  Mark  Newbie,  give  eiiflicient  security  to  the  Speaker  of  the 
House  for  the  use  of  the  General  Assembly  from  time  to  time,  that 
he,  the  said  Mark  Newbie,  his  Executora  and  administrators,  shall 
and  will  change  the  said  half-pence  for  pay  equivalent  upon  de- 
mand; and  provided  also  that  no  person  or  persons  be  hereby  obliged 
to  take  more  than  five  shillings  in  one  payment.' ' 

Mark  Newbie'a  bank  had  a  short  but  interesting 
history.  He  gave  as  security  to  the  province,  as  re- 
quired by  the  act,  a  tract  of  three  hundred  acres 
of  land  in  Newton  township,  and  conveyed  it  to 
Samuel  Jennings  and  Thomas  Budd  as  commis- 
sioners. 

The  half-penny,  used  as  the  circulating  medium 
by  this  pioneer  banker,  was  a  copper  piece  of 
money  coined  by  the  Roman  Catholics  after  the 
massacre  of  1641,  in  Ireland,  and  was  known  as 
"  St.  Patrick's  half-penny."  It  had  the  words 
"Floreat  Rex"  on  the  obverse,  and  "  Ecce  Rex" 
on  the  reverse.  These  coins  were  made  in  Ireland, 
under  the  authority  of  the  law — probably  only  to 


commemorate  some  event — but  never  obtained 
circulation  in  that  country.  Through  the  rare 
foresight  of  Mark  Newbie,  a  large  number  of  them 
was  brought  to  West  New  Jersey,  and  made  to 
answer  the  wants  of  the  first  settlers  for  several 
years  as  a  medium  of  exchange  under  the,  author- 
ity of  the  legislative  enactment  given  above.  These 
coins  are  now  very  rare,  and  found  only  in  the 
cabinets  of  numismatists.  It  is  not  to  be  supposed 
that  Mark  Newbie  had  authority  to  make  these 
coins  in  his  small  habitation  in  the  new  country, 
but  he  was  careful  to  keep  the  amount  circulated 
within  proper  bounds  with  the  supply  he  brought 
with  him.  Part  of  his  property  was  pledged  to 
make  good  any  short-coming.  The  founder  of  this 
financial  institution  died  in  1683,  and  his  bank,  at 
some  unknown  period,  soon  after  ceased  to  circu- 
late its  coins. 

State  and  National  Laws  Governing  the 
Banking  System. — The  Legislature  of  New  Jer- 
sey established  English  shillings  and  New  Eng- 
land shillings  before  1682,  and  in  1693  did  the 
same  thing  in  relation  to  Spanish  coins,  which 
came  into  circulation.  For  many  years  after  the 
first  settlement  in  New  Jersey  there  was  much 
trouble  concerning  the  standard  value  of  various 
coins  whose  circulation  was  authorized  by  the 
different  provinces.  The  first  half-penny  was 
issued  in  New  Jersey  in  1709. 

Early  in  the  history  of  the  present  century 
statutes  of  the  different  States  allowed  banks  to  be 
established  for  the  issue  of  notes  payable  in  specie 
on  demand.  These  banks  were  established  by  acts 
of  the  local  Legislature,  which  limited  the  liability 
of  the  shareholders.  Banking  then  was  quite  free, 
and  all  individuals  could  carry  it  on,  provided  they 
pursued  the  requirements  of  the  law.  But  under 
this  system  there  was  great  fluctuation  in  value, 
which  frequently  produced  bankruptcy  and  ruin. 
Between  1811  and  1820  a  number  of  banks  went 
out  of  business.  The  inflation  of  the  bank-notes 
was  wonderful  between  1830  and  1837.  But  just 
as  the  amount  had  increased,  it  decreased  corre- 
spondingly during  the  following  six  years,  till  1843, 
and  this  caused  the  ruin  of  many  financial  institu- 
tions. Among  them  was  the  Bank  of  the  United 
States,  the  renewal  of  whose  charter  had  been  de- 
nied by  President  Jackson. 

The  loss  in  the  value  of  stocks  and  property  of 
all  kinds  was  enormous.  But,  great  as  it  was,  it 
was  trifling  compared  with  the  injury  which  re- 
sulted to  society  in  disturbing  the  elements  of 
social  order,  and  in  causing  the  utter  demoraliza- 
tion of  men  by  the  irresistible  temptation  to  spec- 
ulation which  it  afforded,  and  by  swindling  to  re- 


Ox^ 


/^7 


'Ut- 


THE  CITY  OP  CAMDEN. 


455 


tain  riches  dishonestly  obtained.  Another  crash 
took  place  in  1857. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  paper  money  in 
circulation  amounted  to  two  hundred  million  dol- 
lars, of  which  three-fourths  had  been  issued  in  the 
Northern  States,  and  the  coin  amounted  to  two 
hundred  and  seventy-five  million  dollars.  The 
early  necessities  of  the  national  treasury  in  this 
trying  period  compelled  the  government  to  borrow 
money,  and  in  this  behalf,  in  February,  1862, 
Congress  authorized  the  issue  of  Treasury  notes 
amounting  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  million  dol- 
lars, and  declared  them  to  be  legal  tender  except 
for  customs  duties  and  for  interest  on  the  national 
debt.  This  action  was  taken  after  a  full,  if  not  a 
bitter,  discussion  of  the  question.  Its  constitu- 
tionality was  contested  vigorously,  but  unsuccess- 
fully. 

A  premium  on  gold  naturally  followed,  causing 
it  to  be  drawn  entirely  from  circulation,  and  this 
increased  as  the  Treasury  notes  multiplied.  Then 
the  national  banking  system  was  introduced  to 
supply  a  circulating  medium.  This  was  created  on 
February  25,  1863,  and  amended  June  3,  1864, 
whereby  a  Bureau  and  Comptroller  of  Currency 
were  appointed  in  the  Treasury  Department,  with 
power  to  authorize  banking  associations,  under 
certain  provisions,  for  public  security.  The  exist- 
ing State  banks  were  rapidly  transformed  into 
national  banks  under  this  system,  and  their  pre- 
vious notes  were  withdrawn  from  circulation.  The 
currency  of  the  country  in  this  manner  came  to 
consist  of  Treasury  demand  notes,  which,  in  1865, 
amounted  to  four  hundred  and  fifty  million  dol- 
lars, and  of  national  bank  notes,  which  approached 
the  limit  of  three  hundred  million  dollars.  The 
latter  circulated  as  freely  as  the  former,  because 
their  ultimate  redemption  was  assured  by  the  de- 
posit of  an  adequate  amount  in  United  States 
bonds  at  the  national  treasury.  This  system  was 
found  superior  in  the  protection  against  loss 
which  it  afforded,  but  it  could  not  prevent  a  finan- 
cial crisis  from  sweeping  over  the  country,  espe- 
cially when  other  causes,  such  as  excessive  manu- 
factures and  enormous  losses  from  fire,  contributed 
greatly  towards  the  result. 

Congress  also  authorized  small  notes  for  five, 
twenty-five  and  fifty  cents  to  be  issued  for  the  pur- 
pose of  supplying  the  loss  of  the  small  denomina- 
tions of  coin  money  from  circulation.  This  was 
commonly  known  as  "  currency."  It  waa  all  re- 
deemed after  the  war. 

During  this  period  merchants  at  Camden,  as 
well  as  other  towns  and  cities,  issued  and  circu- 
lated for  a  time  their  own  fractional  demand  notes 


for  the  purpose  of  encouraging  trade  amongst  one 
another.  But  it  was  gradually  redeemed  £is  the 
national  currency  was  supplied. 

The  National  State  Bank  of  Camden. — 
When  Camden  was  but  a  small  village,  and  at  a  pe- 
riod in  our  national  history  when  the  minds  of  the 
majority  of  American  people  were  turned  toward  the 
conflict  of  arms  about  to  open  between  the  United 
States  and  Great  Britain,  and  when  the  financial 
affairs  of  our  country  required  the  utmost  care  in 
their  management,  the  Legislature  of  New  Jersey, 
.by  an  act  approved  January  28,  1812,  authorized 
the  establishment  of  State  Banks  at  Camden, 
Trenton,  New  Brunswick,  Elizabeth,  Newark  and 
Morris. 

The  Bank  of  Camden  was  created  a  corporation, 
under  the  name  of  "  The  President,  Directors  and 
Company  of  the  State  Bank  at  Camden,"  to  con- 
tinue twenty  years  from  the  first  Monday  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1812. 

The  capital  stock  was  divided  into  sixteen  thou- 
sand shares  of  fifty  dollars  each,  making  eight 
hundred  thousand  dollars,  of  which  the  State  of 
New  Jersey  reserved  the  privilege  of  subscribing 
to  one-half.  Joseph  Cooper,  Joseph  Rogers,  Azel 
Pierson,  John  Coulter  and  Joseph  Sloan  were  ap- 
pointed commissioners  to  receive  subscriptions  to 
the  stock.  Books  of  subscription  were  accordingly 
opened  and  eight  thousand  shares  of  fifty  dollars 
each  were  subscribed  for,  making  a  capital  of  four 
hundred  thousand  dollars.  Wm.  Russell,  Henry 
Chew,  Richard  M.  Cooper,  Thomas  Jones,  Jr., 
James  Matlack,  Joseph  McUvain,  Jacob  Glover, 
Robert  Newell,  Samuel  C.  Champion,  Maurice 
Wurts,  John  Coulter,  John  Warner,  James  Sloan, 
John  Rogers  and  Thomas  Wright  were  appointed 
directors  by  the  said  act  of  incorporation.  Wm. 
Rossell  was  elected  president  and  Richard  M. 
Cooper  appointed  cashier.  The  business  of  bank- 
ing commenced  on  the  16th  day  of  June,  1812. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  an  advertisement  of 
this  institution  at  the  date  given,  being  a  short 
time  after  the  opening  of  the  bank  for  business : 

"STATE  BANK. 

'*  Camden,  N.  J. 

"  Notice  having  been  given  that  the  State  Bank  of  Camden  hai 
heen  opened  for  the  transaction  of  businesB,  on  the  15th  instant. 

"  The  directors'  days  are  Wednesday  and  Saturday  of  every  week. 
Notes  intended  for  discount  for  the  accommodation  of  citizens  of 
New  Jersey,  must  be  presented  at  the  Banking  House  on  Tuesday 
or  Friday  at  or  before  2  o'clock  p.m.  of  each  discount  day  ;  all 
notes  designed  to  be  discounted  must  be  made  payable  at  the  State 
Bank  of  Camden,  agreeably  to  the  following  form  : 

Dollars 

days  after  date  promue  to 

pay  to  tlie  order  of at  the  State 

Bank  of  Camden dollars  without  dis' 

count  or  defalcation  for  value  received. 
181... 


456 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


"The  houi-8  for  the  transaction  of  business  will  be  from  ten  o'clocli 
A.M.  to  four  o'cloclc  r.M.  every  day  in  the  week  (Sundays  ex- 
cepted). Notes  intended  for  discount  for  tlie  accommodation  of 
citizens  of  Philadelphia  may  be  sent  to  the  banking  house  or 
left  at  No.  34:  Church  Alley,  where  a  box  is  provided  for  the  re- 
'ception  of  the  same,  provided  they  are  left  at  or  before  2  o'cloclc 
flf  each  discount  day.  Applicants  for  discounts  residing  in  Phil- 
adelphia will  receive  answers  in  writing  at  their  respective  places 
x)f  business  on  the  day  following  each  discount  day  before  1 
xj'clock  P.M. 

*'  By  order  of  the  board  of  directors. 

"  ElCHARD  M.  Cooper,   Cashier. 
"Camden,  June  11,  1812." 

On  the  19th  of  February,  1813,  the  right  of  the. 
State  to  subscribe  to  one-half  the  stock  was  trans- 
ferred by  act  of  Assembly  to  John  Moore  White 
and  others.  Subscriptions  were  accordingly  re- 
ceived to  the  amount  of  two  hundred  thousand 
dollars,  thus  raising  the  capital  to  six  hundred 
thousand  dollars.  The  remaining  four  thousand 
shares  were  taken  by  the  banks.  By  an  act  passed 
February  15,  1813,  the  number  of  directors  was 
fixed  at  twenty-one. 

On  the  4th  of  October,  1822,  a  committee  was 
appointed  by  the  directors  to  petition  the  Legisla- 
ture for  a  reduction  of  the  capital  of  the  bank,  on 
the  ground  that  the  paid-in  capital  (six  hundred 
thousand  dollars)  was  more  than  could  be  profita- 
bly employed  in  the  business  of  the  bank,  the 
State  tax  thereon  being  burdensome  and  oppressive 
to  the  stockholders.  The  petition  was  met  by  an 
act  empowering  the  stockholders  to  determine  (at 
a  general  meeting  to  be  convened  according  to  the 
charter)  the  expediency  of  the  proposed  reduc- 
tion. This  meeting  was  called  on  the  7th  day  of 
April,  1823,  and  it  was  unanimously  resolved  by 
the  stockholders  that  the  capital  stock  should  be 
rediiced  to  three  hundred  thousand  dollars,  and 
that  the  shares  owned  by  the  bank  should  be  ex- 
tinguished and  never  reissued,  and  that  after  the 
1st  day  of  October,  1823,  the  number  of  directors 
to  be  chosen  should  be  thirteen  instead  of  twenty- 
one. 

The  Legislature,  by  an  act  passed  February  19, 
1829,  extended  the  act  incorporating  "  The  Presi- 
dent, Directors  and  Company  of  the  State  Bank  of 
Camden"  until  the  first  Monday  in  February, 
A.D.  1852.  By  a  subsequent  act,  the  capital  stock 
was  reduced  to  two  hundred  and  sixty  thousand 
dollars,  and  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature,  approved 
January  26th  A.  d.  1849,  the  act  incorporating 
''  The  President,  Directors  and  Company  of  the 
State  Bank  of  Camden  "  was  further  extended  and 
continued  fof  twenty  years  from  the  expiration  of 
its  existing  charter. 

With  varied  but  continuing  success  this  institu- 
tion maintained  its  sphere  of  usefulness  up  to  the 


period  of  its  becoming  a  National  Bank  in  place 
of  a  State  Bank,  always  supporting  a  character  for 
fair  dealing  and  ever  exerting  itself  to  benefit  the 
community  in  which  its  business  is  conducted. 

The  Congress  of  the  United  States  having 
passed  an  act  entitled  "  An  Act  to  provide  a 
National  Currency,  secured  by  a  pledge  of  the 
United  States  bonds,  and  to  provide  for  the  circu- 
lation and  redemption  thereof,"  approved  February 
25, 1863,  and  the  State  of  New  Jersey  having  passed 
an  act  entitled  "An  Act  to  enable  the  banks  of  the 
State  to  become  associations  for  the  purpose  of 
banking  under  the  laws  of  the  United  States," 
the  subject  of  converting  this  institution  into  a 
national  banking  association  under  said  national 
act  was  brought  before  the  board  of  directors,  then 
composed  of  John  Gill,  Joseph  W.  Cooper,  Samuel 
R.  Lippincott,  Jonathan  J.  Spencer,  Chas.  Reeves, 
Thomas  W.  Davis,  Israel  W.  Heulings,  Joshua 
Lippincott.  John  D.  Tustin,  James  W.  Riddle, 
John  H.  Stokes,  Ephraim  Tomlinson  and  Joseph 
Trimble. 

The  signatures  of  stockholders  representing  four 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  two  shares  of  stock, 
equal  to  two  hundred  and  thirty-five  thousand  one 
hundred  dollars  of  the  capital,  having  been  ob- 
tained at  various  dates,  from  April  22d  to  May  6, 
1865,  a  special  meeting  of  the  directors  was  held  on 
the  9th  day  of  May,  1865,  when  the  "  articles  of 
association  organization  certificate"  and  "certifi- 
cate to  the  Secretary  of  State  of  New  Jersey  "  were 
duly  executed,  and  on  the  16th  day  of  May,  1865, 
a  majority  of  the  directors  were  installed,  and 
elected  John  Gill  president  and  Jesse  Townsend 
cashier,  of  the  National  Bank,  and  executed  the 
"  certificate  of  oificers  and  directors." 

On  the  2d  day  of  June  the  comptroller  of  the 
currency  issued  to  the  bank  his  certificate  of  au- 
thority to  commence  the  business  of  banking  under 
the  national  law,  since  which  time  it  has  had  a 
very  successful  and  prosperous  history,  being  recog- 
nized as  one  of  the  most  substantial  financial  insti- 
tutions in  the  State  of  New  Jersey. 

The  bank  was  started  in  a  small  frame  building 
on  the  site  of  the  present  large,  commodious  and 
conveniently  arranged  brick  banking  building,  dur- 
ing the  erection  of  which  the  business  was  con- 
ducted in  a  dwelling-house  at  the  southeast  corner 
of  Second  and  Cooper  Streets.  In  1875  the  build- 
ing was  remodeled  and  enlarged  to  its  present  size 
at  a  cost  of  thirty  thousand  dollars,  including  a 
large  vault,  for  which  nine  thousand  dollars  were 
paid. 

The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  the  officers  of 
this  bank,  with  their  terms  of  service  and  the  names 


»>B*il^:  t^ 


\ 


^^^^ 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN, 


457 


of  all  of  the  directors  with  the  dates  of  their  elec- 


tion : 


PRESIDENTS. 


■William  Kuasell,  June  16,  1812,  to  November  17,  1812. 
James  Sloan,  Novenjber  17, 1812,  to  November  9, 1813. 
Richard  M.  Cooper,  November  9, 1813,  to  November  8, 1842. 
John  Gill,  November  8,  1842,  to  December  4,  1884. 
Israel  Heulings,  January  15,  1884. 

CASHIERS. 

Kichard  M.  Cooper,  June  16, 1812,  to  November  9, 1813. 
■William  Hillegas,  November  9, 1813,  to  June  8,  1827. 
Bobert  "W.  Ogden,  June  8, 1827,  to  April  25,  1843. 
Auley  McAlla,  May  2,  1843,  to  April  11, 1866. 
Thomas  Ackley,  April  2,  1856,  to  April  10,  1863. 
Jesse  Townseud,  April  27,  1863,  to  July  3,  1871. 
Isaac  C.  Martindale,  July  3, 1871,  to  February,  1885. 
"Wilbur  r.  BoBe,  February  2,  1885. 


DIEECrORB. 


1813. 


1812.  William  Russell. 
Henry  Chew. 
Kichard  M.  Cooper. 
Thomas  Jonea,  Jr. 
James  Matlack. 
Joseph  Mcllvaiu. 
Jacob  Glover.' 
Robert  Newell. 
Samuel  C.  Champion. 
Maurice  "Wurts. 
John  Coulter. 
John  Wagner. 
James  Sloan. 
John  Rogers. 
Thomas  Wright. 
■William  Newbold. 
John  Ruck. 
Samuel  Spackman. 
William  Brown. 
Joseph  Rodgers. 
E.  Smith. 

William  Flinthian. 
,  William  Potts. 
Samuel  Whitall. 
Clement  Acton. 
James  B.  Caldwell, 
Joseph  Falkenbarge. 
H.  F.  Hollinshead. 
Joshua  Humphreys. 
James  Matlack. 
Th-mas  Newbold. 
Benjamin  B.  Howell. 
Joshua  Longstreth. 
Benjamin  Masden. 
William  Milner. 
Samuel  W,  Harrison. 
Isaac  Wilkins. 
Michael  G.  Fisher. 
Isaac  C.  Jones. 
Thomas  Fa?sett. 

1815.  Joseph  Lee. 

1816.  Joseph  C,  Swett. 
H.  F.  Hullingshead. 
Samuel  L  Howell. 
John  Stoddart. 
Isaac  Heulings. 
John  Gill. 
Joseph  Ogden. 
Bowman  Hendry. 
Samuel  C.  Champion. 

1821.  James  Saundera. 
Joshua  Lippincott. 


1814. 


1817. 


1818. 


1820. 


1822.  James  liitchen. 

1824.  Nathaniel  Potts. 

1825.  Joseph'w.  Cooper. 
1828.  Thomas  Dallett. 

Charles  Stokes. 

1830.  John  Buck. 

1831.  Batian  Cooper. 

1832.  Elijah  Dallett,  Jr. 
Isaac  Lawrence. 

1833.  James  Lefevre. 
James  Good. 

1834.  Benjamin  Jones. 

1835.  John  0.  Boyd. 
1837.  John  R.  Perry. 

1840.  John  N.  Taylor. 

1841.  Robert  K.  Matlock. 

1842.  Samuel  R.  Lippincott. 

1843.  Joseph  Porter. 
Richard  Fetters. 
Charles  C.  Siratton. 
Gillies  Dallett. 

1846.  Jonathan  J.  Spencer,  M.D. 
Charles  Reeves. 

1847.  John  M.  Kaighn. 
1849.  Samuel  H.  Jones. 

1853.  William  P.  Lawrence. 

1854.  Daniel  B.  Cummins. 

1855.  Richard  Jones. 

1857.  Israel  W.  Heulings. 

1858.  Thomas  W.  Davis. 
James  W.  Riddle. 
John  D.  Tustin. 

1861.  Ephraim  Tomlinson. 
1863.  Joseph  Trimble. 

John  H.  Stokes. 
1866.  William  E,  Lafferty. 

Edward  Settle. 
1868.  Charles  Haines. 

1870.  Joel  P.  Kirkbride. 

1871.  William  Stiles. 

1872.  Williani  H.  Gill. 

1873.  Joshua  W.  Lippincott. 

1874.  Benjamin  F.  Archer, 
John  S.  Bispham. 
Emmor  Roberts. 

1876.  Alden  C.  Scovel. 

William  Watson. 
1879,  Heulings  Lippincott. 
1882.  Edward  Dudley. 
1886.  Simeon  J.  Ringel. 

John  Gill. 

John  T.  Bottomloy. 


The     following-named    persons     compose    the 
board  of  directors  of  this  institution  for  the  year 

1886: 


Israel  W.  Heulings. 
Thomas  W.  Davis. 
Edward  Bettle. 
Joel  P.  Kirkbride. 
Joshua  W.  Lippincott. 
Benjamin  F.  Archer. 
John  S.  Bispham. 


Eramor  Roberts. 
William  Watson. 
Heulings  Lippincott. 
Edward  Dudley. 
John  Gill. 
John  T.  Bottomley. 


The  following  is  the  present  clerical  force : 

Edward  C.  Webster Paying  Teller  at  Bank 

Goldson  Test Paying  Teller  at  Philadelphia  Office 

N.  F.  Cowan Receiving  Teller  at  Bank 

William  Brad  way Receiving  Teller  at  Philadelphia  OflBce 

A.  J.  String Note  Clerk 

Joseph  B.  Johnson General  Book-keeper 

A.  B.  Porter Discount  Clerk 

John  T.  Frazee Assistant  Receiving  Teller 

H.  M.  Heulings „ Book-keeper 

Alonzo  Wood " 

H.  B.  Lippincott ** 

D.J.  DuBoie '* 

William  0.  Wolcott General  Assistant 

R.  C.  Markley , Con-eeponding  Clerk 

A.  D.  Ambruster General  Assistant- 
Joseph  H.  Shinn Runner 

D.M.Davis,  M.D Trust  Officer 

James  R.  Caldwell ...Notary 

The  following  is  the  report  of  the  condition  of 
the  National  State  Bank  of  Camden,  N.  J.,  at  the 
close  of  business  October  7,  1886: 

Resources : 

Loans  and  Discounts  and  Real  Estate $1,924,611.93 

United  States  Bonds  to  secure  Circulation 260,000.00 

Due  from  other  National  Banks 166,074.57 

Current  Expenses  and  Taxes  paid 371.35 

Cash  Reserve 348,575.00 


LiabUUies : 


82,699,632.85 


Capital  Stock $260,000.00 

Surplus  and  Undivided  Profits 312,961.47 

Circulation 234,000.00 

Deposits - 1,892,671.38 


$2,699,632.85 
W.  F.  Rose,  Cashier. 

Richard  Matlack  Cooper,  banker,  legislator 
and  judge,  was  born  in  the  village  of  Coopers  Fer- 
ries (now  Camden),  Old  Gloucester  County,  Febru- 
ary 29,  1768.  He  derived  his  descent,  in  the  fifth 
and  sixth  degrees,  from  the  families  of  Cooper,  of 
Pyne  Point,  Medcalf,  of  Gloucester,  West,  of 
Philadelphia,  Parsons,  of  Frankford,  Matlack,  of 
Waterford,  Hancock,  of  Pensaukin,  Wood,  of 
Waterford,  and  Kay,  of  Newton.  The  emigrant 
ancestors  of  these  families  were,  without  excep- 
tion, all  disciples  of  Fox,  fellow-adventurers  with 
Penn,  and  settled  and  established  themselves  in 
West  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania,  in  the  last  quarter 
of  the  seventeenth  century. 

Judge  Cooper  was  liberally  educated  and  inher- 
ited a  large  landed  estate.      On  May  4,  1798,  he 


458 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


married  Mary  Cooper,  the  daughter  of  Samuel  and 
Prudence  (Brown)  Cooper,  of  Coopers  Point,  thus 
uniting  the  older  and  younger  branches  of  the 
family.  His  social  position,  wealth  and  high  per- 
sonal character  brought  him  early  into  the  politi- 
cal field,  and  he  was  a  successful  candidate  in  sev- 
eral elections  for  the  Legislative  Council  of  New 
Jersey.  He  sat  many  terms  in  the  State  General 
Assembly,  and  was  also  elected  State  Senator.  In 
1813  he  became  president  of  the  State  Bank  at  Cam- 
den, then  recently  chartered,  and  held  that  position, 
by  continuous  annual  elections,  until  a  re-election 
was  declined  by  him  in  1842, — the  institution,  mean- 
while, proving  itself  one  of  the  most  prosperous  in 
the  State.  In  1829  he  was  sent  as  representative  to 
the  National  Congress,  and  he  again  filled  that 
high  position  in  1831.  For  niany  years  he  served 
as  presiding  judge  of  the  Gloucester  County 
courts,  and  at  various  times  filled  other  minor 
local  positions  of  trust  and  honor,  securing,  in 
every  station,  the  confidence  of  all  classes  by  his 
good  judgment,  integrity  and  amiable  deportment. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Newton  Meeting  of 
Friends.  .  He  died  March  10, 1844. 

JoHif  Gill  was  the  son  of  John  and  Anne 
(Smith)  Gill,  both  of  whom  could  trace  their  line- 
age to  the  first  English  settlers  in  the  province, 
and  some  of  whom  were  leading  and  infiuential 
citizens.  He  was  born  July  9,  1795.  Reared  on 
the  homestead  plantation  as  a  farmer  and  fond  of 
his  occupation,  he  was  always  seeking  for  improve- 
ment in  the  means  to  increase  the  yield  of  the  soil 
and  lessen  labor  by  the  application  of  machinery. 

"The  earth  always  responds  to  the  liberality  of 
the  husbandman  is  a  maxim  that  can  be  relied 
upon,"  he  would  often  repeat.  In  his  younger 
days,  and  when  the  primitive  forests  extended 
quite  from  the  ocean  to  the  river,  he  was  fond  of 
hunting  deer  and  chasing  foxes.  Being  a  good 
horseman  and  generally  well  mounted,  he  was  but 
seldom  "  thrown  out "  and  went  home  without  see- 
ing the  close.  The  Gloucester  Hunting  Club  gave 
him  and  his  associates  opportunity  to  show  their 
prowess  and  knowledge  of  woodcraft,  and  they 
often  led  the  city  gentlemen  where  the  latter  hesi- 
tated to  follow. 

The  advantage  of  the  country  riders  over  the 
members  of  the  club  was,  that  they  knew  the  lay 
of  the  country,  the  courses  of  the  streams  and  the 
outcome  of  the  woods  roads,  which  saved  their 
horses  in  the  chase  and  kept  them  near  the 
hounds.  Sometimes  the  fix  would  "go  away  "  in 
a  straight  line  for  many  miles,  gradually  shaking 
off  his  pursuers  until  only  the  toughest  dogs  and 
best  horses  would  be  left  on  the  trail,  and  when 


sundown  would  force  a  return  which  went  far  into 
the  night.  Many  of  those  events  John  Gill  would 
recount  when  surrounded  by  his  friends,  and  tell 
of  his  own  mishaps  as  well  as  of  those  who  ven- 
tured but  the  once  in  this  manly  sport. 

John  Gill  lived  in  one  of  the  most  interesting 
and  progressive  eras  of  his  native  State.  His  early 
manhood  was  before  agriculture  or  internal  im- 
provements had  received  much  attention.  If  an 
individual  had  stepped  out  of  the  beaten  track  or 
adopted  any  new  line  of  thought,  which,  when  ap- 
plied, might  prove  advantageous,  he  was  regarded 
as  visionary.  The  use  of  fertilizers  and  the  appli- 
cation of  steam  grew  up  under  his  notice,  and 
both  developed  into  mighty  powers  before  he  died. 
He  never  tired  of  comparing  the  condition  of 
the  country  and  people  of  early  times  with  the 
improvement  and  benefits  to  both  at  this  day 
Occasionally  public  enterprise  outstripped  his 
judgment ;  yet,  when  convinced  of  its  feasibility, 
he  would  frankly  acknowledge  his  error  of 
opinion  and  concede  the  merit  where  it  was  due. 

Although  not  a  politician,  he  took  an  interest  in 
the  affairs  of  the  State  and  nation,  and  at  different 
times  represented  the  people  in  the  State  Legis- 
lature. Upon  the  death  of  his  father,  in  1839,  he 
removed  from  his  plantation  to  Haddonfield, 
where  he  lived  the  remainder  of  his  life. 

In  1842  he  was  elected  president  of  the  State 
Bank  at  Camden,  an  institution  he  lived  to  see 
take  its  place  among  the  first  in  the  country.  He 
was  always  regarded  as  the  friend  of  the  small  bor- 
rower, especially  if  he  be  a  farmer  and  needed  as- 
sistance until  his  crops  could  be  harvested. 

To  the  manners  of  a  gentleman  was  united  a 
sympathetic  heart,  thus  insuring  to  those  who  had 
business  with  him  a  readiness  to  render  them  any 
service  which  was  in  his  power.  A  reliable  friend, 
a  thorough  business  man,  an  influential  citizen  and 
a  person  of  enlarged  and  benevolent  views,  he  was 
beloved  and  respected  wherever  known.  He  re- 
mained at  the  head  of  the  bank  until  the  infirmi- 
ties of  age  prevented  his  attendance  upon  the 
duties  of  president,  and  much  longer,  through  the 
persuasion  of  his  friends,  than  he  deemed  proper 
he  should  fill  so  responsible  a  place.  The  compli- 
mentary resolutions  passed  by  the  board  of  direc- 
tors of  the  bank,  upon  his  retirement,  which  were 
engrossed  and  presented  to  him,  show  the  regard 
his  associates  bore  towards  him  and  his  extended 
usefulne.-s  in  that  institution.  In  his  old  age  he 
sufiered  much  from  a  complication  of  diseases,,  and 
died  December  4,  1884. 

Mr.  Gill  was  married  to  Sarah  Hopkins,  of  Had- 
donfield.    They  had  four  children, — Rebecca  M., 


<lc^ 


c:7l'''^A'{.^a^  U.C/, 


a-  '^o^iJuM^.UB-'tr^ 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


459 


who  became  the  wife  of  Samuel  S.  Willits ;  Anna 
S. ;  John  Gill,  Jr.,  who  has  always  resided  on  the 
homestead  farm  and  is  a  director  in  the  National 
State  Bank  of  Camden,  and  William  H.  Gill,  a 
merchant  in  Philadelphia. 

Israel  W.  Heulings,  president  of  the  National 
State  Bank,  has  long  been  identified  with  the  in- 
stitution, and  is  widely  known  in  the  business 
circles  of  Camden  City  and  County,  though  he  is 
a  resident  of  Burlington  County.  The  family  is 
one  of  the  oldest  in  West  Jersey.  His  ancestors 
were  from  England,  and  his  great-grandfather, 
William  Heulings,  with  three  brothers,  were  the 
first  representatives  of  the  family  in  this  county. 
All  located  within  or  near  the  boundaries  of  what 
is  now  Burlington  County.  William's  son  Abra- 
ham had  a  son  Isaac,  who  was  the  father  of  our 
subject.  He  married  Susan  W.  Woodward,  and 
from  this  union  Israel  W.  was  born  in  Chester 
township,  Burlington  County,  December  24,  1810. 

The  youth  and  early  manhnod  of  Israel  W. 
Heulings  were  spent  upon  the  farm  which  was 
the  family  homestead.-  and  after  the  death  of  his 
parents,  when  he  was  thirty-two  years  of  age,  he 
leaving  the  farm  to  his  brother,  removed  to 
Moorestown,  and  there  engaged  in  the  coal  and 
lumber  business,  which  he  followed  until  its  trans- 
fer to  his  sons. 

His  first  identification  with  the  bank  of  which 
he  is  now  the  head  came  about  in  1842,  when  he 
took  the  stock  which  his  father  had  formerly 
owned.  He  was  made  a  director  in  1847,  and 
elected  president  on  January  15,  1884,  his  asso- 
ciates being  convinced  through  long  acquaintance 
of  his  eminent  fitness  for  that  responsible  position. 
He  has  ever  been  regarded  as  a  careful,  conserva- 
tive, thorough  man  of  business,  possessing  absolute 
integrity. 

In  politics  he  is  and  has  always  been  a  Kepubli- 
can,  and,  although  not  an  office-seeker,  the  people 
of  his  party  in  Burlington  County,  in  recognition 
of  his  pure  character,  sound  common  sense  and 
business  sagacity,  during  the  war  period  elected 
him  to  the  Legislature.  He  served  with  entire 
satisfaction  to  his  constituents  and  credit  to  him- 
self through  the  sessions  of  1863,  '64  and  '65. 

Mr.  Heulings,  although  a  religious  man,  is  not 
a  member  of  any  church.  His  mother  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  his  father  of  the 
Episcopal  Church,  and  it  may,  perhaps,  not  be 
amiss  to  say  that  the  son's  religious  views  contain 
something  of  the  characteristics  of  each  of  these 
bodies,  while  not  conforming  to  either. 

Mr.  Heulings  was  married,  November  10,  1886, 
to  Sarah   M.,   daughter  of   William   and    Sarah 


Hornor,  born  in  Pemberton,  N.  J.,  in  1814.  Six 
children  have  been  born  to  them,  of  whom  five 
are  living.  Susan  W.  was  the  eldest,  and  next,  in 
the  order  named,  were  three  sons,— William  H., 
Albert  C.  and  Isaac  W.,  the  last  named  of  whom 
was  for  several  years  a  practitioner  of  medicine  at 
Haddonfield,  before  engaging  with  his  brothers  in 
the  coal  and  lumber  business  which  their  father 
transferred  to  them,  and  of  which  the  headquarters 
are  at  Moorestown,  Riverton  and  Hartford.  Emily 
J.,  youngest  daughter  of  Israel  W.  and  Sarah  M. 
Heulings,  is  the  wife  of  Dr.  William  Chamberlain, 
of  Mount  Holly,  and  Henry  C.  died  in  infancy. 

Joseph  W.  Coopee,  who  served  nearly  half  a 
century  as  one  of  the  directors  of  the  State  Bank, 
was  born  in  the  Cooper  mansion,  at  the  foot  of 
State  Street,  Camden,  in  the  year  1799,  and  died 
October  2,  1871.  He  was  the  second  son  of  Wil- 
liam and  Eebecca  (Wills)  Cooper.  Before  he 
became  of  age  he  went  to  live  with  his  great- 
uncle,  Joseph  Cooper,  then  residing  in  the  old 
Cooper  mansion  built  in  1734,  and  now  standing 
at  the  corner  of  Point  and  Erie  Streets.  He 
assisted  his  uncle  to  attend  to  the  duties  of  the 
farm,  which  is  now  covered  by  much  of  the  at- 
tractively built-up  portion  of  North  Camden.  In 
the  year  1818,  at  the  death  of  his  uncle,  who  had 
no  children,  Joseph  W.  Cooper  became  chief  heir 
to  his  large  estate,  including  the  valuable  lands 
near  the  Coopers  Point  Ferry,  north  of  the  Cam- 
den and  Atlantic  Eailroad  and  west  of  Sixth 
Street,  and  a  part  of  the  original  survey  to  Wil- 
liam Cooper,  the  emigrant,  in  1680.  He  con- 
tinued his  occupation  of  a  farmer  after  the  death 
of  his  uncle,  was  married  to  Rebecca  F.  Cham- 
pion, and  resided  in  the  house  built  in  1734  until 
1855,  when  he  erected  the  elegant  mansion  on 
State  Street,  now  owned  and  occupied  by  his  son, 
Samuel  C.  Cooper.  In  1849  he  became  one  of  the 
principal  stockholders  of  the  Coopers  Point  Ferry, 
and  conducted  it  until  1854,  when  it  was  sold  to 
the  Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad  Company;  but 
the  next  year  again  became  the  chief  owner  of  the 
same  ferry.  In  1856  he  formed  a  stock  company 
and,  with  himself  as  president,  managed  the  ferry 
until  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1871. 

Mr.  Cooper  was  actively  interested  in  the 
municipal  affairs  of  Camden,  being  elected  alder- 
man, by  virtue  of  which  he  became  one  of  the 
first  Councilmen  of  Camden  in  1828,  and  served 
almost  continuously  as  a  member  of  the  City 
Council  for  twenty  years.  He  was  for  a  time 
president  of  the  Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad 
and  served  many  years  as  a  director.  During  the 
years  1836-37-38  he  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature 


460 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


of  New  Jersey.  He  was  elected  a  director  of  the 
State  Bank  of  Camden  in  1825,  and  served  con- 
tinuously until  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1871. 
Mr.  Cooper  possessed  many  sterling  quiilities  of 
mind  and  heart,  and  was  universally  respected  and 
esteemed  by  the  community  in  which  he  resided. 

Joshua  Lippincott,  who,  for  many  years  was 
one  of  the  prominent  directors  of  the  National 
State  Bank  of  Camden,  is  a  lineal  descendant 
of  Richard  Lippincott,  the  founder  of  the  Lip- 
pincott family  in  America.  Samuel  Lippincott, 
the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was 
a  prosperous  farmer  and  a  native  of  Chester  town- 
ship, Burlington  County,  New  Jersey.  He  was  mar- 
ried to  Priscilla  Briant,  by  whom  he  had  thirteen 
children  ;  of  this  number,  six  sons  lived  to  an  ad- 
vanced age.  Joshua  Lippincott,  the  eldest  of  these 
sons,  was  born  on  the  18th  of  March,  1776,  and 
became  a  prosperous  farmer,  owning  and  cul- 
tivating with  great  success  the  farm  previously  the 
property  of  his  paternal  ancestors.  He  gave  up 
this  occupation  whileyetin  middle  life  andremoved 
to  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  where  he  spent  the 
remainder  of  his  life  in  retirement  and  died,  in 
1855,  at  the  advanced  age  of  seventy-nine  years. 
By  his  marriage  with  Mary  Roberts,  of  Burlington 
County,  he  had  four  children,  who  grew  to  an  adult 
age.  Samuel  R.  Lippincott,  the  eldest  child,  suc- 
ceeded in  the  ownership  of  the  paternal  homestead, 
on  which  he  resided  until  the  time  of  his  death, 
at  the  age  of  seventy-six ;  Hannah,  the  only  daugh- 
ter, died  in  her  seventy-eighth  year ;  George,  the 
youngest,  came  to  Philadelphia  when  eighteen 
years  old  and  engaged  in  mercantile  business  until 
his  death,  in  1861 ;  Joshua  Lippincott,  the  second 
son,  and  the  only  member  of  this  family  who  sur- 
vives, was  born  in  Burlington  County  Decem- 
ber 4th,  1807.  He  obtained  his  education  in  the 
schools  of  Westfield,  and  spent  one  session  at  a 
school  at  Moorestown.  After  leaving  school,  and 
when  but  eighteen  years  old,  he  came  to  Philadel- 
phia, and  the  four  succeeding  years  was  employed 
as  a  clerk  in  a  grocery  store.  He  then  entered  into 
copartnership  in  the  dry  goods  business  in  the  same 
city  with  his  cousin,  Samuel  Parry,  under  the  firm- 
name  of  Lippincott  &  Parry.  Their  store,  for  sev- 
enteen years,  was  on  Second  Street,  above  Arch, 
and,  at  the  expiration  of  that  time,  was  moved  to 
the  southwest  corner  of  Market  Street  and  there 
continued  until  1862,  the  two  men  being  thus 
associated  in  a  successful  business  for  thirty-three 
years,  during  which  long  period  they  never  had  a 
written  agreement  with  each  other.  They  were 
engaged  most  of  this  time  in  the  sale  of  cloths  and 
cassimeres. 


Joshua  Lippincott  was  married,  in  1833,  to  Mar- 
tha H.  Sleeper,  daughter  of  Jonathan  Sleeper,  a 
merchant,  then  doing  business  on  Second  Street, 
Philadelphia.  She  died  about  three  years  after 
their  marriage. 

His  second  marriage  was  with  Elizabeth  White, 
daughter  of  Joseph  White,  a  merchant,  on  Market 
Street,  Philadelphia.  She  died  in  1878.  Howard 
W.  Lippincott,  their  only  child,  was  born  in  1855, 
and  is  now  a  stock-broker  in  his  native  city. 

Thomas  Wilkins  Davis,  of  Philadelphia, 
and  for  many  years  a  director  in  the  National 
State  Baiik  of  Camden,  is  a  lineal  descendant, 
in  the  fifth  generation,  of  John  Davis,  who 
emigrated  from  Wales  and  first  settled  on  Long 
Island.  John  Davis  was  a  devoted  and  consistent 
member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  to  whose  reli- 
gious faith  most  of  his  numerous  descendants  in 
this  country  are  adherents.  His  wife  (Dorothea 
Hogbin)  was  an  Englishwoman  of  large  fortune. 
In  1705  they  migrated  to  Salem  County,  New  Jer- 
sey, and  settled  near  the  site  of  Woodstown, 
whence  some  of  their  c  hildren  had  located  before 
theni.  At  that  place  he  died  at  the  advanced  age 
of  one  hundred  years,  leaving  eight  children. 
David  Davis,  the  third  son,  was  ajustice  of  the 
peace,  one  of  the  judges  of  the  courts  of  Salem 
County  for  a  number  of  years,  and  in  1725  was  one 
of  the  four  Friends  who  organized  the  Pilesgrove 
Meeting.  He  owned  and  lived  on  a  large  tract  of 
land,  on  which  he  built  a  commodious  brick  house, 
which  is  still  standing.  In  it  he  lived  until  his 
death,  at  the  age  of  sixty  years.  His  wife  (Doro- 
thea Cousins,  a  native  of  England)  survived  him 
to  the  age  of  ninety-six  years.  They  had  seven 
children,  of  whom  Jacob,  born  Fourth  Month 
22, 1734,  was  the  youngest.  He  was  married.  Fifth 
Month  21,  1761,  at  Woodstown,  to  Esther  Wil. 
kins,  by  whom  he  had  seven  children.  He  was  a 
man  of  pure  and  unblemished  character  and  high- 
ly respected  in  the  community  in  which  he  lived 
at  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1820,  at  the  age  of 
eighty-six  years.  Thomas  Davis,  the  father  of 
Thomas  W.  Davis  and  third  son  of  Jacob  and  Es- 
ther (Wilkins)  Davis,  was  born  Third  Month  13, 
1768,  in  Salem  County,  N.  J.  In  1796  he  was 
married  to  Esther  Ogden,  daughter  of  Samuel  and 
Mary  Ann  Ogden,  and  resided  near  Swedesboro', 
Gloucester  County. 

The  grandfather  and  father  of  the  present 
Thomas  Wilkins  Davis  kept  a  general  country 
store  in  the  now  borough  of  Woodstown,  Salem 
County,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  remaining  with 
his  father  from  youth  to  manhood  and  having  the 
active  supervision  and  control  of  the  business  for 


<:^^^^//y^:^!^,^c^^ 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


461 


several  years  preceding  the  retirement  of  his 
father,  which  took  place  in  1832.  In  that  year 
Mr.  Davis  came  to  Philadelphia  and  entered  the 
dry-goods  jobbing  trade  on  Market  Street,  between 
Second  and  Third  Streets,  and  so  continued  with 
varying  success,  but  with  the  confidence  and 
friendship  of  all  the  leading  merchants  up  to  1868, 
at  which  date,  through  close  application  to  busi- 
ness, he  had  acquired  a  large  trade  and  had  become 
the  senior  partner  of  the  then  well-known  and 
highly  respected  house  of  Davis,  Kempton  &  Co. 
He  then  withdrew  from  the  firm,  altogether  retir- 
ing from  active  business,  and  devoting  his  leisure 
and  a  fair  share  of  his  means  to  the  care  of  friends 
and  others  whose  circumstances  rendered  such  aid 
desirable,  in  this  way  disposing  of  a  considerable 
part  of  the  rewards  which  had  come  to  him  for 
years  of  unremitting  labor. 

Mr.  Davis  was  married,  in  1834,  to  Phoebe  S. 
Townsend,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Esther  Town- 
send,  of  Baltimore,  Md.  His  married  life  ex- 
tended over  forty- five  years,  Mrs.  Davis  dying  in 
1879,  and  having  but  one  son  surviving,  Henry 
Wilkins  Davis,  who,  in  1875,  married  Elizabeth  U., 
daughter  of  William  A.  and  Hannah  R.  Allen,  of 
New  York. 

The  only  financial  institution  other  than  the 
National  State  Bank  of  Camden,  with  which  Mr. 
Davis  has  been  closely  identified,  is  the  Penn 
Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company  of  Philadelphia, 
of  which  he  has  been  a  trustee  for  upwards  of 
twenty- five  years.  In  this  capacity  he  has  borne 
an  active  share  of  the  labors  and  responsibilities  of 
its  business  and  his  counsel  has  at  all  times  been 
influential  in  aiding  its  progress  and  maintaining 
its  unquestioned  reputation  as  a  sound  company. 

Wilbur  F.  Rose,  the  present  cashier  of  the 
National  State  Bank,  was  born  in  Tuckerton, 
Burlington  County,  New  Jersey,  February  11, 1838. 
At  the  age  of  four  years  he  removed  to  Phila- 
delphia and  obtained  a  preparatory  education  in 
the  schools  of  that  city,  and  graduated  from  the 
Central  High  School.  Soon  after  his  graduation 
he  entered  a  broker's  office  on  Third  Street,  and 
in  1854  was  elected  a  clerk  in  the  Bank  of  Penn- 
sylvania, of  the  same  city.  In  1862  he  was  called 
to  aposition  in  the  National  State  Bank  of  Camden. 
By  reason  of  his  intelligence,  long  experience  and 
special  fitness  for  the  business  of  banking,  he  was 
promoted  from  time  to  time,  until,  in  recognition 
of  his  merits  and  abilty  as  a  financier,  he  was 
elected  cashier  of  that  institution  February  2, 
1885,  which  position  he  now  very  ably  and  ac- 
ceptably fills. 

In  addition  to  his  business   as  a  banker    he 
55 


has  taken  an  active  interest  in  the  growth  and 
development  of  the  city  of  Camden.  He  repre- 
sented the  Second  Ward,  of  which  he  is  a  resident, 
in  the  City  Council  for  one  term  of  three  years, 
being  elected  by  the  Republican  party,  and  made 
an  efficient  member.  During  his  term  as  Council- 
man he  was  chairman  of  the  finance  committee, 
and  illustrated  his  usefulness  as  well  as  his  ability 
as  a  financier,  by  funding  the  floating  debt  of  the 
city,  and  abolishing  the  order  system  and  estab- 
lishing the  present  plan  of  cash  payments. 

Mr.  Rose  was  chosen  a  director  in  the  West 
Jersey  Ferry  Company  in  1885,  and  is  now  a 
member  of  the  board.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Street  Railway  Company  in  1874,  and  since 
1883  has  been  secretary  of  the  company.  He  is 
one  of  the  charter  members  of  Trimble  Lodge,  No. 
117,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  and  has  taken  all 
the  degrees  of  that  order  up  to  and  including  the 
thirty-second  degree.  He  has  taken  an  active  inter- 
est in  the  religious  and  moral  welfare  of  Camden  ; 
served  as  president  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association  of  this  city  from  1881  to  1885,  inclu- 
sive; was  for  a  time  superintendent  of  the  Sunday- 
school  connected  with  Centenary  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church,  of  which  he  is  a  member  and  a 
trustee. 

Mr.  Rose  was  married,  in  1869,  to  Mary  C. 
Whitlock,  daughter  of  Friend  Whitlock,  Esq.,  a  re- 
tired lumber  merchant.  They  havetwo  daughters, — 
Elsie  and  Mary. 

The  Fabmees  and  Mechanics  Bank  of  Cam- 
den was  originated  in  the  year  1855.  After  a  few 
years  existence  it  obtained  a  change  in  its  charter, 
and,  under  the  authority  of  the  United  States  gov- 
ernment, became  the  First  National  Bank  of  Cam- 
den, now  well  known  as  one  of  the  most  prosperous 
financial  institutions  in  West  Jersey.  An  act  of 
the  Senate  and  General  Assembly,  approved 
March  31,  1855,  empowered  Charles  Kaighn, 
Cooper  P.  Browning,  Albert  W.  Markley,  Abraham 
Browning,  Samuel  J.  Bayard  and  their  associates 
to  engage  in  the  general  banking  business.  The 
capital  stock  of  the  institution  was  made  three 
hundred  thousand  dollars,  with  a  paid-in  capital 
of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  in  shares  of  one 
hundred  dollars  each.  After  the  stock  was  sub-: 
scribed  and  the  necessary  preliminary  steps  were 
taken,  the  following-named  persons,  on  July  16, 
1855,  were  elected  as  the  first  Board  of  Directors: 
Albert  W.  Markley,  Abraham  Browning,  Richard 
W.  Howell,  Charles  S.  Garrett,  Maurice  Browning, 
William  P.  Tatem,  Benjamin  P.  Sisty,  Nathaniel 
N.  Stokes,  Ezra  Evans,  Benjamin  Shreve,  George 
Haywood,  Cooper  P.  Browning  and  William  Busby. 


462 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


On  the  same  day  the  board  elected  Albert  W. 
Markley  president,  and  David  R.  Maddock  cash- 
ier. The  lot  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Front 
Street  and  Market  was  purchased  by  the  Board 
of  Directors,  and,  on  September  2,  1855,  they  en- 
tered into  a  contract  with  Charles  Wilson  to  erect 
a  banking-house  on  this  lot,  at  a  cost  of  eighteen 
thousand  dollars.  Before  the  completion  of  this  buil- 
ding, a  temporary  office  was  secured  on  Market  St., 
near  Third,  and  on  January  2,  1856,  the  bank  was 
opened  for  business.  James  H.  Stevens  was  elected 
teller ;  William  Wright,  book-keeper  ;  Philip  J. 
Grey,  notary  public ;  and  Hugh  H.  Bates,  runner 
and  watchman.  Nathaniel  N.  Stokes  was  elected 
president  April  14,  1857,  and  Benjamin  P.  Sisty 
cashier  on  the  22d  of  the  same  month.  On  April 
21, 1858,  James  H.  Stevens  was  elected  cashier. 
This  institution,  as  the  Farmers  and  Mechanics 
Bank  of  Camden,  continued  business  as  a  bank  of 
issue,  under  the  State  system,  with  varying  suc- 
cess, until  after  the  passage  of  the  act  of  Congress, 
creating  the  present  national  banking  system,  soon 
after  which  event  it  fulfilled  the  requirements  and 
accepted  the  privileges  of  the  new  system,  and 
has  since  met  with  unabated  prosperity  as 

The  First  National  Bank  op  Camden. — 
The  Congress  of  the  United  States,  in  order  toper- 
feet  the  system  of  national  finances,  passed  an  aot 
which  was  approved  by  President  Lincoln,  Febru- 
ary 25,  1863,  "to  provide  a  national  currency, 
secured  by  a  pledge  of  United  States  bonds,  and 
provide  for  the  circulation  and  redemption  there- 
of." Kecognizing  the  superiority  of  the  national 
system,  in  contrast  with  the  State  system,  the  di- 
rectors of  the  Farmers  and  Mechanics  Bank  of 
Camden,  together  with  other  enterprising  citizens 
and  financiers  of  the  county  and  city,  organized 
themselves  into  an  association  and  resolved  to  ac- 
cept the  provisions  of  this  act  by  having  the  insti- 
tution changed  into  a  national  bank.  The  signa- 
tures of  stockholders,  representing  a  capital  of  two 
hundred  thousand  dollars,  were  obtained  by  the 
16th  of  April,  1864;  articles  of  association  were 
then  prepared  and  signed  by  John  F.  Starr,  N.  N. 
Stokes,  Maurice  Browning,  Jonas  Livermore 
George  L.  Gillingham,  Clayton  Lippincott,  and 
John  F.  Bodine.  The  gentleman  just  named,  to- 
gether with  William  T.  McCallister,  became  the 
first  Board  of  Directors  and  Peter  L.  Voorhees 
solicitor.  On  April  30,  1864,  the  comptroller 
of  the  currency  issued  his  certificate  of  author- 
ity to  this  Board  of  Directors  to  commence  the 
business  of  banking  under  the  national  law,  as 
"  The  First  National  Bank  of  Camden."  N.  N. 
Stokes  was  elected  president,  and  James  H.  Stev- 


ens, cashier.  On  July  6, 1864,  Jonas  Livermore 
was  chosen  president  to  succeed  N.  N.  Stokes,  who 
resigned,  and  on  Thursday,  September  1,  1864,  the 
institution  commenced  business  as  a  national 
bank.  Hon.  John  F.  Starr  was  elected  president 
April  7,  1875,  and  has  since  continued  to  hold  that 
responsible  position.  The  first  report  of  the  bank 
to  the  comptroller  of  the  currency,  under  the  pres- 
idency of  Mr.  Starr,  was  made  June  30,  1875.  The 
individual  deposits  then  were  $167,802.60,  and  the 
undivided  profits  $29,979.58.  The  report  to  the 
same  authority,  on  October  7, 1886,  showed  the  in- 
dividual deposits  to  be  $618,448.88,  and  the  undi- 
vided profits  $111,974.47.  These  figures  .clearly 
show  the  substantial  prosperity  of  this  institution 
and  the  success  of  its  management.  On  April  17, 
1875,  C.  C.  Reeves  was  chosen  cashier  to  succeed 
James  H.  Stevens,  who  resigned.  Watson  Depuy, 
the  present  efficient  cashier,  was  elected  assistant 
cashier  October  14,  1876,  and  on  January  8,  1878, 
succeeded  Mr.  Reeves  as  cashier.  Jonas  Liver- 
more was  elected  vice-president  January  9,  1883, 
a  position  which  he  continues  to  hold.  William 
S.  McCallister  died  January  13,  1868,  and  D.  T. 
Gage  was  elected  director  to  fill  the  vacancy.  E. 
E.  Read  was  elected  January  9,  1875,  in  place  of 
C.  A.  Sparks. 

On  January  11,  1876,  the  Board  of  Directors  was 
increased  from  nine  to  thirteen  members  by  the 
election  of  Henry  Fredericks  (elected  to  fill  the 
vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  N.  N.  Stokes), 
Charles  Stockham,  Genge  Browning,  M.  A.  Fur- 
bush  and  John  8.  Read.  March  4,  1876,  Rene 
Guillou  was  elected  in  place  of  Genge  Browning. 
January  9,  1877,  John  A.  J.  Sheets  was  elected  a 
director  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resigna- 
tion of  John  S.Read,  December  11, 1880.  William  J. 
Evans  was  appointed  a  director  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  death  of  George  L.  Gillingham, 
November  28,  1883,  John  F.  Starr,  Jr.,  was  ap- 
pointed to  flu  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resigna- 
tion of  Rene  Guillou,  and  Clayton  Conrow  to  fill 
that  caused  by  the  death  of  John  F.  Bodine.  De- 
cember 19,  1885,  Alfred  W.  Clement,  of  Haddon- 
fleld,  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
resignation  of  Maurice  Browning. 

The  following  members  compose  the  present 
Board  of  Directors  :  John  F.  Starr,  Jonas  Liver- 
more, D.  T.  Gage,  Clayton  Lippincott,  Edmund  E. 
Read,  Henry  Fredericks,  Charles  Stockham,  M.  A. 
Furbush,  J.  A.  J.  Sheets,  William  J.  Evans,  Clay- 
ton Conrow,  John  F.  Starr,  Jr.,  and  Alfred  W. 
Clement.  Peter  L.  Voorhees,  solicitor ;  Samuel  T. 
Davison  is  paying-teller  of  this  bank ;  Thomas  S. 
Nekervis,  agent  at  the  Philadelphia  office;  Harry 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


463 


T.  Nekervis,  receiving-teller ;  Sanford  Livermore, 
book-keeper ;  William  S.  Jones,  general  assistant ; 
John  J. Pierson,  messenger;  and  Francis  N.  Guise, 
watchman. 

The  office  at  No.  216  Market  Street,  Philadel- 
phia, was  opened  on  May  24,  1875,  and  has  since 
that  date  been  connected  with  this  bank  as  a  part 
of  its  business  interests. 

John  F.  Starr  .^  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in 
1818  of  Quaker  parentage,  who  were  descendants 
of  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends  of  the  same 
name,  who  settled  in  America  as  early  as  1710. 
He  received  a  limited  education  in  Friends'  school, 
and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  years  he  went  to  learn 
his  trade  in  the  steam  boiler-works  of  his  father 
and  older  brother  where  he  was  fitted  for  the 
successful  business  career  which  followed.  In 
1840  he  became  associated  with  his  father  and 
brother  in  the  business  and  so  continued  until 
about  1843.  In  1845  Mr.  Starr  removed  to  Cam- 
den, N.  J.,  where,  in  1846,  he  built  an  iron  foun- 
dry on  Bridge  Avenue  for  the  manufacture  of  gas 
machinery,  street  mains  and  other  castings.  These 
works  he  named  the  "  Camden  Iron  Works."  The 
year  following,  he  and  his  brother  Jesse  again  en- 
tered into  copartnership.  Finding  their  works  on 
Bridge  Avenue  too  limited  for  their  rapidly-grow- 
ing business,  they  bought  the  land  and  removed 
their  plant  to  its  present  location  on  Cooper's 
Creek.  The  Camden  Iron  Works  were  so  enlarged 
by  important  additions  from  time  to  time  that  they 
became,  through  the  energy  and  enterprise  of  the 
firm,  the  largest  works  of  the  kind  in  the  country, 
and  enabled  the  Messrs.  Starr  to  establish 
an  extensive  and  lucrative  business  by  erecting  the 
gas-works  and  supplying  the  gas  machinery  for 
most  of  the  large  cities  in  the  United  States  as 
well  as  in  Canada.  In  the  prosecution  of  their 
business  the  services  of  from  eight  hundred  to 
twelve  hundred  men  were  required.  These  works 
gave  a  new  life  to  the  prosperity  of  Camden  and 
their  erection  did  more  to  attract  attention  to  Cam- 
den as  a  manufacturing  centre  than  all  its  other 
industries  combined,  and  their  influence  had  a 
marked  and  beneficial  character  upon  the  material 
interests  of  the  city  for  years. 

In  1860,  when  the  Camden  Iron  Works  were  in 
the  full  tide  of  successful  operation,  the  firing  up- 
on Fort  Sumter  aroused  the  country,  and  scores  of 
the  workmen  of  Jesse  W.  &  John  F.  Starr  left  to 
battle  with  treason.  Here  was  a  supreme  oppor- 
tunity for  the  firm  and  they  embraced  it.  The 
wives  and  children  of  those  who  were  at  the  front 

1  By  Sjnnic'caon  Chew. 


were  bountifully  cared  for  by  the  firm,  who  in  this 
and  in  other  ways  contributed  thousands  of  dol- 
lars for  every  worthy  object  looking  to  the  sup- 
pression of  the  Rebellion. 

In  1862  Mr.  Starr  was  elected  to  represent  the 
First  District  in  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress  of 
the  United  States,  and  he  was  again  elected  in 
1864.  Mr.  Starr  entered  Congress  during  the  most 
critical  and  eventful  period  in  the  nation's  history. 
The  most  gigantic  rebellion  the  world  ever  saw 
was  gathering  strength  to  establish  a  rival  govern- 
ment, the  corner-stone  of  which,  as  declared  by 
its  projectors,  was  to  be  human  slavery,  and  there 
never  was  an  hour  in  his  Congressional  career 
when  he  did  not  aid,  by  his  influence  and  vote, 
every  measure  calculated  to  place  the  country  in 
a  position  to  successfully  confront  and  overcome 
its  foes.  Courageous  and  unflinching,  he  did  not 
stop  to  dally  with  subjects  of  minor  importance 
so  long  as  the  lite  of  the  republic  hung  in  the 
balance.  He  discharged  faithfully  every  duty 
imposed  upon  him  as  a  legislator  and  has  a  record- 
worthy  of  the  State  and  the  people.  While  a 
member  of  Congress,  Mr.  Starr  served  upon  the' 
committee  on  manufactures,  committee  on  terri- 
tories, committee  on  public  buildings  and  grounds' 
and  was  also  a  member  of  several  special  commit- 
tees. He  had  the  privilege  and  proud  satisfaction 
of  supporting  every  measure  looking  to  a  vigorous 
prosecution  of  the  war  against  rebellion,  as  well  as 
the  distinguished  honor  of  being  the  only  mem- 
ber of  the  House  from  New  Jersey  who  voted  for 
the  amendment  to  the  Constitution  abolishing  sla- 
very in  the  United  States,  and  for  all  the  legisla- 
tion required  to  give  force  and  effect  to  that  amend- 
ment. He  was  an  ardent  supporter  of  the  national 
banking  system  and  scrupulously  maintained  the 
credit  of  the  nation.  His  successors  have  donef 
well,  but  circumstances  enabled  Mr.  Starr  to  do 
more  for  the  perpetuity  of  the  nation  and  free  in- 
stitutions than  those  who  have  followed  him. 

In  1864  Mr.  Starr  was  elected  a  director  of  "  The 
Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Bank  of  Camden,"  which' 
was  soon  after  changed,  by  virtue  of  the  National 
Banking  Law,  to  "  The  First  National  Bank  of 
Camden,"  and  of  which  he  has  been  a  director 
since  its  organization.  He  was  elected  president 
of  the  board  of  directors  in  1875,  which  ofiice  he 
now  holds  (1886). 

In  1870  Mr.  Starr  disposed  of  his  interest  in  and 
severed  his  connection  with  the  Camden  Iron 
Works,  and  has  not  been  engaged  in  any  continu- 
ous business  since  that  time,  but  he  has  kept  a 
watchful  eye  on  the  busy  world  and  loaned  his  in- 
fluence and  material  aid  on  frequent  occasions  to- 


iU 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


projects  of  pith  and  moment  affecting  this  peo- 
ple. During  his  residence  in  Camden  he  has  been 
and  still  is  a  director  of  the  West  Jersey  Ferry- 
Company,  having  served  in  that  capacity  for  more 
than  twenty  years,  during  which  time  he  gave  the 
company  the  benefit  of  his  wise  counsel  and  wide 
business  experience.  He  also  served  as  a  director 
of  the  Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad  for  several 
years,  advancing  from  time  to  time  his  private 
funds  to  make  improvements  for  the  better  conduct 
of  its  business,  and  through  which  it  was  enabled 
to  multiply  its  facilities  and  give  a  new  impetus  to 
Atlantic  City. 

He  took  an  active  part  in  the  organization  of, 
and  was  treasurer  and  director  of,  the  first  building 
and  loan  association  established  in  Camden. 

Mr.  Starr  has  ever  held  to  the  motto  that  it  is 
not  enough  to  help  his  fellow-man  up,  but  to  sus- 
tain him  after,  and  never  through  his  long  resi- 
dence in  Camden  has  his  purse  been  closed  or  his 
ear  deaf  to  the  cause  of  the  unfortunate  and  help- 
less, as  has  been  seen  by  his  many  and  liberal  gifts 
to  the  churches,  and  the  benevolent  institutions, 
in  hundreds  of  instances  as  opportunities  were  af- 
forded him.  For  these  and  other  kindred  acts  he 
needs  no  other  reward  than  an  approving  con- 
science. 

Watson  Depuy,  the  present  cashier  of  the 
First  National  Bank,  has  been  engaged  in  the 
banking  business  since  1857.  He  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  February  6,  1834,  and  is  the  son  of 
J.  Steiyart  Depuy,  for  many  years  a  merchant  of 
that  city.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of 
Philadelphia,  and  completed  his  education  in  the 
Friends'  Central  High  School.  In  the  year  1857 
he  was  given  the  position  of  book-keeper  in  the 
Commonwealth  Bank,  of  Philadelphia,  and,  a  few 
years  later,  was  elected  assistant  cashier  of  the 
same  institution,  and  continued  there  until  1872, 
when  he  was  elected  and  served  for  three  years  as 
cashier  of  the  old  State  Bank,  of  Philadelphia, 
then  on  the  corner  of  Strawberry  and  Market 
Streets,  which  institution  paid  off  its  depositors 
May  24,  1875  and  retired  from  business.  In  1785 
Mr.  Depuy  came  to  Camden  as  general  assistant 
in  the  First  National  Bank,  and  on  October  11, 
1876,  the  Board  of  Directoi-s  elected  him  assistant 
cashier,  and  on  the  8th  of  May  1878,  he  was  elec- 
ted cashier,  which  position  he  has  since  held  with 
great  acceptability  to  the  authorities  of  that  insti- 
tution and  its  patrons. 

Jonas  Liveemoee.  —  There  came  to  Massa- 
chusetts in  the  early  partof  the  seventeenth  century 
settlers  named  Livermore.  They  chose  Worcester 
County  for  their  home  and  made  their  impress  on 


the  county  and  State.  From  them  sprang  the 
various  branches  found  in  the  East  and  West.  In 
Maine,  as  well  as  in  Pennsylvania  and  California, 
the  towns  bearing  their  names  were  so  called  for 
them,  and  one  of  the  family,  a  civil  engineer  by 
profession,  was  closely  identified  in  building  the 
canals  running  through  Pennsylvania.  In  the 
Revolution  they  were  known  for  their  activity  in 
the  service  of  the  colonies  and  for  their  liberal 
support  of  the  government  by  their  means. 

Jonas  Livermore  was  born  in  Leicester,  Mass., 
about  1730.  He  was  one  of  its  prominent  citizens 
and  a  builder  of  repute.  There  were  eight  chil- 
dren in  his  family — Jonas,  Salem,  Daniel  (father 
of  present  Jonas)  and  five  daughters,  one  of  whom, 
Sarah,  was  married  to  Wm.  Upham,  of  Vermont, 
and  the  mother  of  Wm.  Upham,  who  was  State's 
attorney  and  afterwards  became  United  States 
Senator,  dying  in  Washington  during  his  term  of 
office.  Daniel  was  married  to  Elizabeth  Parker, 
of  Leicester,  Mass.,  daughter  of  Thos.  Parker,  by 
whom  he  had  eight  children — Jonas,  Lewis,  Hor- 
ace, Daniel,  Eliza,  Cimentha,  Mary  and  Dianetha. 
Lewis  came  to  New  Jersey  and  was  connected  with 
Jonas  in  the  manufacture  of  woolens  at  Black- 
wood until  his  death.  Horace  died  young.  Daniel 
became  a  prominent  minister  in  the  Universalist 
Church  in  Massachusetts  and  at  present  resides  at 
Melrose.  He  was  at  one  time  editor  and  publisher 
of  the  New  Covenant  at  Chicago,  and  was 
distinguished  for  his  learning  and  strength  of 
character.  He  was  married  to  Mary  A.  Rice,  of 
Boston,  now  so  widely  known,  loved  and  respected 
as  "  Mary  A.  Livermore."  Her  devotion  to  the 
soldiers  in  the  field,  her  unceasing  labors  in  their 
behalf,  her  connection  with  the  "  Sanitary  Com- 
mission Fair,"  in  Chicago,  will  always  be  remem- 
bered, and  to-day  she  stands  as  one  of  the  foremost 
and  ablest  lecturers  in  the  country. 

Jonas  Livermore  was  born  in  Leicester,  Mass., 
in  1802  and  became  early  engaged  in  woolen  manu- 
facture. In  1830  he  removed  to  Blackwood,  N.  J., 
and,  in  connection  with  Garrett  Newkirk,  estab- 
lished the  "  Good  In'ent  Woolen-Mills,"  managing 
them  successfully  for  thirty  years.  In  1858  he  was 
chosen  a  director  of  the  Farmers'  and  Mech  anics' 
Bank,  of  Camden,  N.  J.  During  that  time,  with 
rare  foresight,  he  with  others  so  shaped  the  policy 
of  the  old  bank  that  in  1864,  it  became  the  First 
National  Bank,  being  among  the  first  in  the  coun- 
try to  get  its  charter,  and  he  was  made  president, 
which  position  he  held  for  eleven  years,  retiring 
at  his  own  request,  but  consenting  to  remain  vice- 
president  at  the  solicitation  of  the  directors. 

While  Mr.  Livermore  was  connected   with  the 


^7  ^  <^^iyir^iy?-Y^  ^^<~ 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


465 


bank  a  one-dollar  note,  issued  by  the  Farmers' 
and  Mechanics'  Bank,  was  returned  to  the  bank 
for  redemption,  with  the  following  remarks  on  a 
paper  pinned  to  it  and  preserved  by  him,  viz.: 

"  This  note  has  been  in  the  wars.  The  owner 
of  it  was  wounded  at  Bull  Run,  Aug.  30,  '62,  and 
through  the  admirable  arrangements  of  the  U.  S. 
authorities  he  was  allowed  to  remain  on  the  field 
only  till  Sept.  6th,  one  week;  then  he  was  conveyed 
to  Washington  Hospital.  If  he  has  proper  atten- 
tion he  will  recover.  Strange  to  say,  the  rebels 
didn't  rob  the  pocket  containing  his  money  purse." 

In  1827  Mr.  Livermore  was  married  to  Louisa 
Gates,  by  whom  he  had  four  children — Henry  and 
Sanford,  who  served  during  the  war  in  the  Army 
of  the  West,  and  Edwin,  who,  enlisting  in  the 
Sixth  New  Jersey  Volunteer  Infantry,  became  an 
officer  in  the  Ordnance  Department.  He  fell  dur- 
ing the  Wilderness  campaign,  and  his  body,  like 
many  more  of  those  gallant  "  boys  in  blue,"  was 
never  recovered ;  it  is  among  the  missing,  or  per- 
haps lying  beneath  the  simple  slab  bearing  the  in- 
scription "  Unknown."  The  only  daughter,  Mary 
A.,  is  the  wife  of  Wm.  A.  Wilcox,  of  Blackwood. 
Sanford  is  an  officer  in  the  First  National  Bank, 
Camden.     Henry  resides  in  Blackwood. 

Mr.  Livermore  is  a  man  of  rare  business  talents, 
and  owing  to  his  patient  industry  he  has  given  val- 
ue to  his  banking  interests,  as  well  as  those  of 
property  in  Blackwood,  and  at  theage  of  eighty-four 
is  in  vigorous  manhood,  still  supervising  personally 
his  business.  He  married  a  second  wife,  Annie 
McElroy,  daughter  of  Wm.  and  Elizabeth  McEl- 
roy,  of  Moorestown,  N.  J.;  she  is  still  living.  In 
politics  he  is  a  pronounced  Republican,  and  during 
the  war  was  a  stanch  supporter  of  all  government 
measures;  in  religion  a  Presbyterian  and  for 
years  an  elder  iu  Blackwood  Presbyterian  Church. 
It  can  truly  be  said  of  him,  as  of  another  when 
asked  about  the  standing  of  a  friend,  he  replied, 
"He  is  religiously  blue,  politically  black  and 
financially  O.  K." 

The  Camden  Safe  Deposit  Company  is  a 
banking  institution  whose  charter  was  approved 
on  the  4th  day  of  April,  1873.  The  incorporators, 
who  also  became  the  first  Board  of  Directors,  were 
John  F.  Starr,  Samuel  Davis,  Rudolphus  Bingham, 
Patrick  Byrne,  William  J.  Sewell,  Charles  P. 
Stratton,  John  Hood,  Thomas  McKeen,  Samuel 
H.  Grey  and  William  S.  Scull.  Upon  organiza- 
tion, June  30,  1873,  Jesse  W.  Starr  w.  s  elected 
president,  and  Colonel  Thomas  McKeen  treas- 
urer. The  residence  at  No.  224  Federal  Street, 
formerly  the  home  of  the  late  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mul- 
ford,  was  purchased  and  fitted  up  as  a  banking 


house  and  has-since,  with  its  delightful  surround- 
ings, admirably  served  the  purpose  for  which  it 
was  secured.  The  bank  was  opened  for  business 
on  the  Ist  day  of  July,  1873,  with  a  capital  stock 
of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  in  shares  of 
twenty-five  dollars  each. 

On  September  1,  1873,  George  Raphael  resigned, 
and,  on  the  same  day,  Thomas  H.  Dudley  was 
elected  vice-president.  November  27,  1873,  I. 
Woolston  resigned ;  William  Moore,  of  Millville, 
was  elected.  November  27,  1873,  Patrick  Byrne 
resigned  as  director,  and  James  B.  Dayton  was 
elected  in  his  place.  December  11,  1873,  Thomas 
A.  Wilson  resigned,  and  Albert  W.  Markley  was 
elected.  December  11,  1873,  Jesse  W.  Starr,  presi- 
dent, resigned,  and  James  B.  Dayton  was  elected 
president.  December  12,  1873,  Thomas  McKeen 
resigned  as  treasurer;  William  Stiles  was  elected 
treasurer  and  entered  upon  his  duties  January  1, 
1874.  December  15th  Benjamin  Cooper  was  elected 
director  in  place  of  Thomas  McKeen,  resigned. 

At  the  succeeding  election,'  on  July  1,  1875, 
Peter  L.  Voorhees  was  elected  a  director.  On  July 
22,  1876,  by  election,  William  C.  Dayton,  William 
Hardacre  and  Jeremiah  Smith  became  directors, 
and  William  Stiles  was  chosen  a  director  on  July  1, 
1878,  Benjamin  C.  Reeve  was  elected  July  1,  1881, 
and  D.  J.  Pancoast  July  2,  1885. 

This  institution  has  continued  to  do  a  large  and 
prosperous  business  since  the  time  of  its  organiza- 
tion, and  is  recognized  as  a  valuable  accession  to 
the  financial  interests  of  Camden.  A  general 
banking  business  is  conducted,  and  interest  is 
allowed  on  time  deposits.  According  to  the  last 
report,  on  July  1,  1886,  the  capital  stock  paid  in 
was  $100,000;  surplus,  $100,000;  amount  of  de- 
posits, $1,193,069;  amount  of  loans  and  discounts, 
$776,962.  The  following  are  the  present  directors : 
William  J.  Sewell,  Samuel  H.  Grey,  William  S. 
Scull,  Peter  L.  Voorhees,  William  C.  Dayton, 
Benjamin  D.  Shreve,  John  C.  Bullitt,  William 
Hardacre,  Jeremiah  Smith,  Benjamin  C.  Reeve, 
William  Stiles  and  D.  J.  Pancoast. 

The  President,  James  B.  Dayton,  died  March  9, 
1886,  and  on  the  loth  of  the  same  month  Peter  L. 
Voorhees  was  chosen  to  succeed  him.  William 
Stiles  has  served  as  treasurer  since  January  1, 
1874.  Samuel  H.  Grey  has  been  solicitor  since  the 
organization  of  the  bank.  James  M.  Cassady  is 
the  notary.  The  paying-teller  is  J.  Henry  Hayes ; 
Receiving-teller,  Conrad  F.  Austermuhl ;  General 
Book-keeper,  Edward  F.  Moody  ;  Individual  Book- 
keepers, B.  M.  Stiles  and  William  Joyce ;  Messen- 
ger, Thomas  W.  McCowan ;  Watchmen,  William 
Hawkins  and  Thomas  Carson. 


466 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


William  Stiles,  the  present  treasurer  of  this 
financial  institution  and  the  son  of  Thomas  and 
Judith  Stiles,  was  born  in  Moorestown,  Burlington 
County,  New  Jersey,  August  23, 1828.  He  obtained 
his  education  at  the  Friends'  School  of  his  native 
town,  at  a  school  of  the  same  religious  society  at 
Mount  Laurel,  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  years 
became  a  pupil  in  the  boarding-school  atGwynedd, 
Pa.  In  1854  he  entered  the  State  Bank  at  Camden 
as  a  clerk,  and  subsequently,  by  promotion,  occu- 
pied various  positions  in  the  clerical  force  of  that 
bank,  and  was  also  chosen  one  of  its  directors. 
While  serving  in  the  capacity  of  receiving  teller 
of  the  National  State  Bank,  in  1874,  he  was  elected 
to  the  position  which  he  now  very  acceptably  fills, 
being  at  the  same  time  one  of  the  directors  of  the 
institution. 

The  Camden  National  Bank. — A  movement 
was  made  shortly  after  the  passage  of  the  National 
Bank  Act  toward  establishing  a  bank  in  the 
southern  part  of  Camden,  but  the  project  was 
abandoned.  A  few  years  later  the  Gloucester  City 
Savings  Institution  opened  a  branch  office  on 
Kaighn  Avenue,  which  it  maintained  till  the  time 
of  its  failure,  1884.  In  1885  the  subject  of  estab- 
lishing a  National  Bank  on  Kaighn  Avenue  was 
again  discussed.  Isaac  C.  Martindale,  who  had 
many  years'  experience  in  the  banking  business, 
became  interested  in  the  movement,  and  Zophar 
C.  Howell,  president  of  the  Kaighns  Point  Ferry 
Company,  and  others  gave  the  project  encouraging 
support.  Application  was  made  on  May  30,  1885, 
to  the  comptroller  of  the  currency  for  authority  to 
organize  and  establish  "  The  Camden  National 
Bank,"  with  a  capital  of  one  hundred  thousand 
dollars,  with  the  privilege  of  increasing  it  to  two 
hundred  thousand  dollars.  The  necessary  permis- 
sion having  been  received,  a  call  for  a  public  meet- 
ing to  promote  the  enterprise,  signed  by  John 
Cooper,  Henry  B.  Wilson,  Howard  M.  Cooper, 
William  B.  Mulford,  Zophar  C.  Howell  and  Isaac 
C.  Martindale,  was  issued  and  the  meeting  held  at 
the  office  of  the  Kaighns  Point  Ferry  Company  June 
13,  1885,  when  more  than  one-fourth  of  the  capital 
stock  was  subscribed.  A  committee  then  appointed 
to  solicit  further  subscriptions  reported,  at  a  meet- 
ing held  July  6th,  that  the  full  amount  ($100,000), 
had  been  subscribed.  The  articles  of  association 
and  the  organization  certificate  were  signed  and 
executed,  and  a  meeting  of  the  stockholders  held 
on  July  20th,  when  the  following-named  persons 
were  elected  as  the  first  Board  of  Directors:  Zo- 
phar C.  Howell,  Henry  B  Wilson,  Charles  B. 
Coles,  James  Davis,  Isaac  C.  Toone,  George  W. 
Bailey,  George  T.  Haines,  Irvine  C.  Beatty,  John 


Cooper,  William  B.  Mulford,  Philip  H.  Fowler, 
Charles  E.  Thomas,  Harry  B.  Anthony,  Howard 
M.  Cooper,  Zophar  L.  Howell,  Herbert  C.  Felton, 
Rudolph  W.  Birdsell.  William  W.  Price,  is  teller 
at  Philadelphia  office;  Charles  P.  Martindale, 
receiving  teller  at  the  bank;  Lewis  Mueller,  book- 
keeper. 

They  organized  by  electing  Zophar  C.  Howell, 
president;  John  Cooper,  vice-president;  and  Isaac 
C.  Martindale,  cashier,  who  still  continue  in  office. 
Howard  M.  Cooper  was  chosen  solicitor.  No.  259 
Kaighn  Avenue  was  selected  and  fitted  up  for  a 
temporary  banking-room.  Authority  to  commence 
business  was  granted  by  the  comptroller  of  the 
currency  on  August  1st-,  and  on  August  18,  1885, 
the  bank  was  opened  for  business. 

The  first  statement,  on  October  1st,  after  the 
bank  had  been  in  operation  six  weeks,  showed 
aggregate  assets  of  $219,018. 

On  March  20,  1886,  the  bank  opened  a  special 
line  of  accounts,  on  which  interest  is  allowed,  at 
the  rate  of  three  per  cent,  on  all  sums  from  one 
dollar  to  five  hundred  dollars,  and  two  per  cent,  on 
all  sums  over  five  hundred  dollars,  such  deposit  to 
be  drawn  only  after  two  weeks'  notice  has  been 
given,  the  interest  being  credited  to  the  account 
every  six  months. 

This  bank  has  a  branch  office  at  the  northwest 
corner  of  Secondand  Walnut  Streets,  Philadelphia, 
and  arrangements  have  been  perfected  by  which 
deposits  are  made  at  J.  A.  Wamsley's  drug-store, 
in  Gloucester  City.  The  management  of  the 
Camden  National  Bank  has  been  a  success,  and 
the  institution  has  secured  a  good  patronage. 

John  Coopek,  who  for  more  than  forty  years 
has  been  prominently  identified  with  the  business 
interests  of  the  city  of  Camden,  is  a  grandson  of 
James  Cooper,  who  resided  near  Woodbury,  Glou- 
cester County,  and  who  became  possessed  of  con- 
siderable property  in  that  section,  a  portion  of 
which,  still  owned  by  John  Cooper,  is  the  only 
tract  that  was  thus  originally  purchased  that  has 
remained  ever  since  in  the  family  name.  His 
father,  William  Cooper,  who  married  Sarah  Mor- 
gan, daughter  of  Joseph  Morgan,  of  Delaware 
County,  Pa.,  was  a  prosperous  farmer  for  the  period 
in  which  he  lived.  He  died  in  1850,  at  the  ad- 
vanced age  of  eighty  years.  His  wife  died  about 
two  years  earlier.  They  were  earnest  supporters 
and  consistent  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends, 
and  both  occupied  the  station  of  elders  in  the 
Friends'  Meeting  held  at  Woodbury.  They  had 
six  childien, — Mary,  the  eldest,  married  Charles 
Kaighn,  of  Camden  ;  Ann  married  Joseph  Tatum, 
of  Gloucester  County  ;  James  married  Lucy  Mid- 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


467 


dletOD,  of  Burlington  County;  William  E.  married 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Enoch  Eoberts,  of  Burling- 
ton County ;  Joseph  M.,  a  twin  brother  of  James, 
who  died  unmarried,  in  1885,  at  the  residence  of 
his  brother  John,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  born 
in  1814. 

In  1843  John  Cooper  married  Mary  M.  Kaighn, 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Sarah  Kaighn,  of  Camden, 
and  soon  after  opened  a  grocery  store  on  what  was 
then  known  as  Market  Street  (now  Kaighn  Avenue) 
It  was  the  only  store  in  that  section  of  Camden.  In- 
deed, there  were  but  few  houses  there  except  those 
in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  ferry.  In  1845 
he  opened  a  coal-yard,  being  the  pioneer  in  that 
branch  of  trade,  and  the  first  one  to  engage  in  that 
business  in  Camden,  south  of  Federal  Street.  For 
more  than  forty  years  he  has  been  active  in  business 
in  that  part  of  the  city,  interested  in  the  develop- 
ment of  its  mercantile  interests,  and  has  been  a 
successful  merchant.  He  has  been  a  director  of 
the  Kaighns  Point  Ferry  Company  for  many 
years  and  was  one  of  the  promoters  of  the  Cam- 
den National  Bank,  of  which  he  is  now  vice- 
president.  He  is  the  head  of  the  firm  of  Cooper, 
Stone  &  Co.,  dealers  in  coal,  wood  and  hardware, 
doing  business  at  Front  Street  and  Kaighn  Ave- 
nue. Both  he  and  his  wife,  Mary  M.,  were  much 
interested  on  behalf  of  the  colored  population 
of  the  city,  were  among  the  founders  of  the 
West  Jersey  Orphanage,  a  home  for  colored  chil- 
dren, and  became  very  active  in  its  management. 
She  left  a  considerable  sum  of  money  to  be  paid 
to  it  after  her  death.  She  died  in  1880.  They 
had  four  children, — Howard  M.,  a  prominent 
member  of  the  bar ;  Sallie  K.,  who  married  George 
K.Johnson,  Jr.;  William  J.,  who  is  now  associated 
with  his  father  in  business ;  and  Ellen,  who  died 
in  early  life.  A  few  years  ago  Mr.  Cooper  pur- 
chased a  lot  of  ground  on  Cooper  Street,  above 
Seventh,  and  built  thereon  a  fine  residence.  He 
recently  married  C.  Louisa  Gibberson,  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  now  lives  in  his  Cooper  Street  man- 
sion. 


CHAPTER    V. 

EELIGIOUS  HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN. 

Newton  Friends'  Meeting — Methodist  Churches — Baptist  Churches 
— Protestant  Episcopal  Churches — Presbyterian  Churches — Luth- 
eran Churches — Churches  of  the  United  Brethren  in  Christ, 
Church  of  the  Evangelical  Association — Young  Men's  Christian 
Association — Koman  Catholic  Churches. 

Newton  Fbiends'  Meeting.' — About  the  year 
1800,  when  the  general  opening  of  roads  made  it 

iBy  Howard  M.  Cooper. 


no  longer  important  to  be  on  the  water,  Newton 
Friends  determined  to  move  from  their  old  meet- 
ing-house on  Newton  Creek  to  a  place  more 
central;  and  in  Fourth  Month,  1801,  Joseph 
Kaighn  gave  them  the  lot  of  land  at  the  corner  of 
the  Mount  Ephraim  road  and  Mount  Vernon 
Street,  in  the  present  city  of  Camden,  on  which, 
in  the  same  year,  they  built  the  brick  meeting- 
house that  now  stands  there.  Here  they  continued 
meeting  without  dissension  until  the  separation  of 
1827-28  occurred,  when  the  Orthodox  Friends 
retained  possession  of  the  house  and  have  occupied 
it  ever  since. 

For  several  years  before  the  separation  Richard 
Jordan,  a  prominent  minister,  was  a  member  of 
this  meeting,  and  afterwards,  being  an  Orthodox 
Friend,  continued  to  preach  here  until  his  death, 
often  drawing  full  houses.  TMe  present  public 
Friend  is  Richard  Esterbrook. 

At  the  separation  the  Hicksite  Friends  met  a 
short  time  in  the  old  Camden  Academy,  that  stood 
where  the  George  Genge  Grammar  School  now  is, 
at  the  southwest  corner  of  Sixth  and  Market 
Streets.  On  Seventh  Month  6,  1828,  Joseph  W. 
Cooper  gave  them  a  lot  of  ground  on  Cooper 
Street,  above  Seventh,  on  which,  in  that  year,  they 
erected  a  frame  meeting-house  and  have  met  there 
continuously  since.  When  the  house  was  built, 
it  was  in  th^  midst  of  a  woods,  some  of  the  old 
oak-trees  of  which  are  still  standing  in  the  meet- 
ing-house yard.  In  1885  the  house  was  enlarged 
and  greatly  improved  in  appearance.  Samuel  J. 
Levick,  Rachel  Wainwrightand  Sarah  Hunt  have 
been  ministers  here  in  the  past.  At  present  the 
public  Friends  are  Mary  S.  Lippincott,  Isaac  C. 
Martindale  and  others. 

The  Third  Street  Methodist  EpiscopjiL 
Church. — Exactly  when  Methodist  preachers,  lo- 
cal or  itinerant,  commenced  preaching  at  Camden 
is  unknown,  but  in  1797,  Rev.  Benjamin  Fisler, 
M.D.,  of  Port  Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  preached  here  sev- 
eral times,  and  we  find  subsequently  that  local 
preachers  from  St.  George's  Church,  in  Philadel- 
phia, made  Camden  one  of  their  preaching-places. 
In  1808  the  New  Jersey  District  of  the  Philadel- 
phia Conference  was  formed,  with  Joseph  Totten 
presiding  elder,  ^nd  an  appointment  called  "  Glou- 
cester Circuit "  created,  which  included  what  is 
now  Camden.  Revs.  Richard Sneath  and  William 
S.  Fisher  were  appointed  as  preachers  of  the  new 
circuit  and  the  following  year,  1809,  Richard 
Sneath  formed  the  first  regular  class  in  Camden, 
composed  of  James  and  Elizabeth  Duer,  Henry 
and  Susannah  Sawn,  William  and  Martha  Price 
and  Phebe  Peters,  of  which  James  Duer  was  ap- 


468 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


pointed  leader.  Services  by  the  circuit  preachers 
were  held  once  every  two  weeks,  on  Wednesday 
evening,  in  the  academy  which  formerly  stood  on 
the  corner  of  Jlarket  Street  and  Sixth.  The  same 
year,  finding  the  academy  insufficient  for  their 
wants,  a  regular  church  organization  having  been 
formed  in  the  meantime,  it  was  determined  to 
erect  a  house  of  worship.  A  lot  on  the  corner  of 
Fourth  Street  and  Federal  was  secured  and  a 
board  of  trustees  elected,  composed  of  James  Duer, 
Jonathan  Petherbridge,  Henry  Sawn  and  William 
Price,  and  the  corporate  name  of  "  The  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  of  Camden  "  given  to  the  new 
organization.  James  Duer  and  Jonathan  Pether- 
bridge were  made  a  building  committee.  Before 
the  building  was  completed,  Thomas  Dunn,  one  of 
the  preachers  on  the  Gloucester  Circuit,  preached 


THIKD   STfiEET   METHODIST    EPISCOPAL    CHUIiCH 


the  first  sermon  in  it  from  the  text,  "  Who  com- 
manded you  to  build  this  house  and  to  make  up 
these  walls?"  The  church  was  dedicated  on  the 
25th  of  November,  1810,  by  Presiding  Elder  Jo- 
seph Totten.  This  was  the  first  house  of  worship 
erected  in  the  city  of  Camden  and  is  still  standing 
near  the  original  site,  cor.  Fourth  jind  Federal  Sts. 
In  1884,  the  congregation  having  so  increased, 
it  was  determined  to  erect  a  new  building  more  in 
keeping  with  the  importance  of  the  society  and 
better  adapted  to  its  wants.  During  this  time 
Camden  was  connected  with  Gloucester  or  Bur- 
lington Circuits,  but  it  was  then  thought  that  it 
should  become  a  station.  Accordingly,  a  lot  on 
Third  Street,  between  Bridge  Avenue  and  Federal 


Street,  was  purchased,  and  on  the  Fourth  of  July, 
1834,  the  corner-stone   of  a  new  church  was  laid 
with  appropriate  services.     December  14th,  follow- 
ing,  the  church  was  dedicated  by  Rev.   Charles 
Pitujan,    assisted    by   the   pastor,   Eev.   William 
Granville.      The   new  building  cost  about  eight 
thousand  dollars.     In  this  new  building  the  soci- 
ety did  its  work  for  over  thirty  years,  increasing  in 
numbers  rapidly,  especially  during  the  great  revi- 
val in  1837.     The  church  building  had  been  en- 
larged and  improved  to  meet  its  increased  wants, 
at  considerable  expense,  and   it  was  a   crushing 
blow  to  the  society  when,  on  the  20th  of  Novem- 
ber, 1867,  the    building  was  totally  destroyed  by 
fire,  with  but  a  slight  insurance  on  it.    But  though 
for  a  moment  paralyzed,  the  congregation  soon  re- 
covered itself  and,  with  commendable  energy,  im- 
mediately began  the  erection 
of  a  new  building,  and  appoint- 
ed Rev.  Charles  H.  Whitecar, 
pastor,  S.  S.  E.  Cowperthwait, 
Thomas  B.  Atkinson,  Morton 
Mills,  E.  S.  Johnson  and  James 
M.   Cassady  a  building  com- 
mittee to  superintend  the  work. 
The  lots  on  Third  and  Mickle 
Streets    and    Bridge    Avenue 
were  purchased,  and  the  work 
was   pushed  forward   with  so 
much  energy  that  the  present 
beautiful    house    of   worship, 
with  a  seating  capacity  of  about 
fourteen  hundred,  and  costing, 
with  the  lot,  some  sixty  thou- 
sand dollars,  was  dedicated  on 
September  1,  1869,  in  the  pre- 
sence of  an  immense  concourse 
of  people,  by  Bishop  Simpson 
and   the  pastor.  Rev.   C.   H. 
Whitecar. 
In  all  its  history  this  church  has  been  firm  in 
its  adherence  to  the  polity  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church,  and  in  its  support  to  the   various 
religious  work  of  the  denomination. 

Early  in  the  history  of  this  society,  vigorous 
work  in  the  Sunday-school  cause  was  commenced 
and  has  been  unflagging  in  it  ever  since.  The 
present  Sunday-school  numbers  over  six  hundred 
members,  with  sixty  officers  and  teachers.  Dr. 
William  Shafer  is  its  present  superintendent. 
The  church  has  had  the  following  pastors : 

1809.  Thomas  Duun.  1811.  Jolin  Woolston. 
Cli.irli'S  Kead.  1812.  Joseph  Oshorn. 

1810.  Peter  Vaniiest.  Jolin  Woolston. 
.Tosejih  Osboi-n.  1813.  George  Wooley. 
Thomas  Davis,                                    John  Price. 


THE  CITY  OP  CAMDEN. 


469 


1814.  (JooVge  Wooley. 
Joseph  Lybrand. 

1815.  John  Viin  Schoick. 
Joseph  Rualing. 

1816.  John  Van  Schoick. 
John  Fox. 

1817.  James  Moore. 
Joseph  Lybrand. 

1818.  Solomon  Sharp. 
David  Best. 

1819.  John  Walker. 
James  Long. 

1820.  John  Walker. 
John  Potts. 

1821.  John  Potts. 
Benjamin  Collins. 

1822.  Sylvester  G.  Hill. 
Waters  Burrows. 

1823.  Sylvester  G.  Hill. 
Joseph  Carey. 

1824.  David  Daily. 
Joseph  Osborn. 

1825.  Jacob  Gruber. 
Wesley  Wallace. 

1826.  George  Wooley. 
Robert  Gerry. 

1827.  George  Wooley. 
Thomas  Sovereign. 

1828.  Henry  Boehm. 
Levin  M.  Prettyman. 

1829.  Henry  Boehm. 
W.  W.  Foulks. 
Samuel  Throckmorton. 

1830.  William  W.roulks. 
Joseph  Ashbrook. 

1831.  John  Walker. 
JefTerson  Lewis. 

1832.  John  Walker. 


1833.  Edward  Page. 

D.  W.  Bartine. 
1834-a5.  William  Granville. 

1836.  Thomas  Neal. 

1837.  James  H.  Dandy. 
1838-39.  Joseph  Ashbrook. 

1840.  John  K.  Shaw. 
William  A.  Brooks. 

1841.  John  K.  Shaw. 

1842.  John  L.  Lenhart. 
1843-44.  Isaac  Winner. 

1845.  Abram  K.  Street. 
Elwood  H.  Stokes. 

1846.  Abram  K.  Street. 

1847.  David  W.  Bartine. 
George  A.  Reybold. 

1848.  David  W.  Bartine. 
Israel  8.  Oorbit. 

1849.  Cliarles  H.  Whiteoar. 
William  H.  Jeffreys. 

1850.  Charles  H.  Whiteoar. 
1861.  Isaac  N.  Felch. 

1852.  Richard  W.  Petherbridge. 
1853-54.  James  0.  Rogers. 
1865.  John  W.  MoDougal. 
1856-57.  William  B.  Perry. 
1858-59.  Elwood  H.  Stokes. 
1860-61.  Samuel  T.  Monroe. 
1862-63.  Joseph  B.  Dobbins. 
1864-65-66.  Samuel  Vansant. 
1867-68-69.  (;harles  H.  Whiteoar. 
1870-71.  John  S.  Heisler. 
1872-73-74.  Charles  E.  Hill. 
1876-76-77.  Charles  B.  Hartranft. 

Pennel  Coombs. 
1878-79-80.  J.  B.  Graw. 
1881-82-83.  William  W.  Moffet. 
1884-85-86.  G.  B.  Wight. 


Since  its  organization,  in  1809,  Tliird  Street 
Church  has  sent  out  the  following  church  organi- 
zations, all  of  them,  at  present  ilourishing  churches 
in  Camden,  viz. :  Union  Church,  Broadway 
Church,  Tabernacle  Church  and  Centenary 
Church. 

Union  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  is  situa- 
ted on  the  corner  of  Fifth  Street  and  Mount  Vernon. 
This  society  was  originated  from  a  class-meeting 
formed  in  1838,  in  a  school-house  near  Kaighns 
Point,  by  the  Bev.  Joseph  Ashbrook.  Twenty- 
three  persons  joined  this  class,  viz., — Charles 
Hugg  (leader),  Sarah  Hugg,  Parmelia  Gaunt, 
Deborah  Hawke,  Benjamin  Sutton,  A.  Sutton, 
William  Home,  Sarah  Home,  Mary  Surran,  Elias 
Kaighn,  Sarah  Kaighn,  Levi  Brink,  Deborah 
Brink,  Sarah  A.  Kaighn,  Joshua  Stone,  Rebecca 
Stone,  Mary  Smallwood,  Elijah  W.  Kaighn,  Elijah 
Burrough,  Thomas  Leigh,  Harriet  C.  Brink, 
George  Hughes  and  William  Perkins.  Of  the 
original  members,  not  one  is  connected  with  the 
present  congregation.  Fourteen  of  them  were 
dismissed  by  certificate  and  nine  have  since  died. 
A  regular  Sunday  meeting  was  established  in  the 
school-house  and  much  interest  was  manifested  in 
56 


the  services,  which  resulted  in  a  number  of  persons 
joining  the  class.  As  no  suitable  site  could  be  ob- 
tained for  a  church  at  Kaighns  Point,  Eev.  Joseph 
Ashbrook,  before  leaving  the  charge,  procured  the 
gift  of  a  lot  from  Richard  Fetters,  in  1839. 

This  lot,  so  kindly  donated,  was  on  the  south- 
east corner  of  Fifth  Street  and  Mount  Vernon, 
and,  in  1840-41,  a  frame  church  building  was 
erected  on  it,  at  a  cost  of  four  hundred  and  eleven 
dollars,  under  the  supervision  of  Rev.  J.  R.  Shaw, 
who  succeeded  Rev.  Ashbrook. 

In  1845  Rev.  L.  B.  Newton  became  the  class- 
leader,  and  through  his  efforts  many  members 
were  added  to  the  church,  and  the  Sunday-school 
increased  to  one  hundred  and  eighty  scholars. 
The  Rev.  John  L.  Lenhart  was  pastor  in  1843-44, 
Rev.  Isaac  Winner  in  1845-46,  and  Rev.  A.  K.  Street 
in  1847^8.  In  this  last-named  year  the  member- 
ship had  so  increased  that  the  Third  Street  Quar- 
terly Conference  decided  to  build  a  church  in 
South  Camden.  The  corner-stone  was  laid  on 
June  8,  1848,  and  the  church  dedicated  on  the 
25lh  of  December  of  that  year,  Rev.  Charles  Pit- 
man, D.D.,  oiB  elating.  This  church  was  forty  by 
fifty-five  feet,  and  twenty  feet  high.  In  1849  Rev. 
Charles  Whitecar  and  Rev.  William  H.  Jeffries 
were  sent  to  Camden.  The  cholera  prevailed  to  an 
alarming  extent,  and  there  were  over  fifty  deaths 
within  this  congregation.  . 

In  1850,  under  the  direction  of  the  Conference, 
Enoch  Shinn,  Joseph  Sharp,  John  S.  Bundick, 
Thomas  McDowell,  Sr.,  Samuel  Scull,  Levi  B. 
Newton  and  Joseph  Evans  were  chosen  tmstees 
of  this  church.  Rev.  David  Duffield  became  pas- 
tor the  same  year,  and  during  his  ministry  the 
church  was  prosperous  and  free  from  debt.  In 
1854  and  1855,  under  the  Rev.  Philip  Cline  as  pas- 
tor, the  church  numbered  three  hundred  and 
forty-six  members,  and  the  church  Sunday-school, 
with  the  one  connected  with  the  church  in  Stock- 
ton, three  hundred  and  ninety  members.  Rev.  J. 
W.  Hickman  was  pastor  during  1856  and  1857,  and 
Rev.  H.  M.  Brown  in  1858  and  1859.  Previous  to 
this  time  it  was  called  the  Fifth  Street  Church, 
but  now  took  the  corporate  name  of  the  Union 
Church. 

In  1858  there  were  four  schools  connected  with 
this  charge, — No.  1,  in  the  church,  Levi  B. 
Newton,  superintendent ;  No,  2,  at  Stockton, 
Samuel  Deval,  superintendent ;  No.  3,  at  Kaighns 
Point,  William  Hunt,  superintendent ;  and  No.  4, 
at  Eagle  Hall,  Joseph  Johnson,  superintendent. 
In  these  schools  were  eighty-three  officers  and 
teachers  and  five  hundred  scholars.  In  1859  this 
church,  with  William  Peacock  as  contractor,  built 


•lYO 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


amission  chapel  at  Stockton.  There  were  no  material 
changes  in  the  church  from  this  time  until  1880. 
The  pastors  who  officiated  during  these  years  were 
Revs.  Henry  M.  Beegle,  1860-62 ;  Aaron  E.  Bal- 
lard and  Charles  E.  Hill,  1863-64 ;  Samuel  Parker, 
1865-66  ;  W.  W.  Christine,  1867-68  ;  Garner  R. 
Snyder,  1869-71;  George  C.  Maddock,  1871-74; 
A.  K.  Street,  1874-77  ;  and  James  Moore,  1877-80. 
In  1880  Rev.  John  S.  Gaskill  became  pastor, 
and  through  his  efforts  succeeded  in  having  a  new 
church,  which  was  dedicated  in  May,  1883.  The 
same  year  Rev.  G.  Dobbins  became  pastor,  and  in 
1886  the  present  pastor,  Rev.  A.  Lawrence,  was  as- 
signed to  the  charge.  The  church  has  at  this  date 
(1886)  five  hundred  and  thirty-two  full  members 
and  ten  probationers.  The  Sunday-school  has 
sixtv  officers  and  teachers  and  six  hundred  and 


BROADWAY   METHODIST   EPISCOPAL   CHtTECH, 

forty-four  pupils.  Samuel  C.  Newton  is  the  super- 
intendent. 

John  S.  Bundick,  who  died  in  1884,  was  presi- 
dent of  the  board  of  trustees  for  many  years. 

Bkoadway  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.' — 
At  the  house  of  Chas.  Sloan  a  meeting  of  Metho- 
dists was  held  on  April  8,  1848,  where,  with  Mr. 
Sloan  as  chairman  and  David  Duffleld,  Jr.,  secre- 
tary, the  Berkley  Street  Sabbath-school  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Camden,  N.  J.,  was 
organized.  Chas.  Sloan,  David  Duffield,  Jr.,  Thos. 
L.  Smith,  Philander  C.  Brink,  Benj.  A.  Hammeli, 
Levi  C.  Phifer,  Wm.  Few,  John  Newton,  Richard 
J.  Sharp,  I.  B.  Reed,  John  B.  Thompson,   Eliza- 

iBy  Geo.  E.  Fry,  GIS  Broadway,  Camden, 


beth  Middleton,  Susan  H.  Scott,  Mary  Adams, 
Harriet  Davis,  Mary  Brooks,  Hannah  Souder, 
Mary  Dunn  and  Sarah  Cheeseman  volunteered  to 
become  teachers.  Chas.  Sloan  was  elected  super- 
intendent. A  lot  was  purchased  and  a  school- 
h(ju8e  built,  which  was  dedicated  April  15,  1849, 
by  Rev.  Dr.  Bartine.  The  school  then  had 
twelve  teachers  and  sixty-three  scholars,  which 
two  years  later  was  increased  to  one  hundred  and 
one  scholars.  A  request  was  sent  to  Rev.  Chas. 
H.  Whitecar,  pastor  of  Third  Street  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  to  form  a  class,  of  which  Isaac 
B.  Reed  was  appointed  leader,  and  the  other  mem- 
bers were  Hannah  Chambers,  Abigail  Bishop, 
Wm.  Wood,  Furman  Sheldon,  Priscilla  Sheldon, 
Achsa  Sutton,  Mary  Sutton,  Mary  Brooks,  Eliza- 
beth Bender,  Ruthanna  Bender,  Charlotte  Wilk- 
inson, Wm.  Patterson,  Sister  Patter- 
son, Sister  Severns,  Rebecca  Thomp- 
son,  Elizabeth  Mclntyre,  Hannah 

A.  Reed,  DanT  Stephenson,  Rachel 
Stephenson,  Susan  Thomas,  Samuel 
Severns,  Mary  E.  Maguire  and  Wm. 
Few.  At  a  meeting  held  in  the  Sun- 
day-school room  on  Berkley  Street, 
March  10,  1854,  and  at  a  subsequent 
meeting.  May  9th,  a  church  society 
was  organized  largely  from  members 
of  the  class  above  mentioned.  Rev. 
Ralph  S.  Arndt  was  the  first  pastor. 
Forty  certificates  of  membership 
were  received,  and  John  Lee,  Isaac 

B.  Reed  and  Conklin  Mayhew  were 
appointed  class-leaders. 

The  first  board  of  stewards  was 
composed  of  John  C.  Clopper,  Wal- 
ter Rink,  John  M.  Pascall  and  Logan 
Alcott.  May  30,  1854,  the  board  of 
trustees  elected  were  Daniel  Bishop, 
S.  S. Cain,  Wm. Severns,  Conklin  Mayhew,  Furman 
Sheldon,  Logan  Alcott  and  T.  H.  Stephens.  At  the 
same  meeting  the  name  of  "  Broadway  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  of  Camden,  N.  J.,"  was  selected 
to  designate  the  new  society.  Rev.  J.  H.  Knowles 
was  pastor  from  May,  1855,  to  the  end  of  the  pas- 
toral year  and  part  of  next  year,  which  was  finished 
by  Rev.  J.  J.  Hanley,  who  remained  to  May,  1858. 
In  February,  1856,  John  S.  Newton,  who  after- 
wards lost  his  life  with  the  unfortunates  in  the 
"  New  .lersey  "  steamboat,  was  appointed  leader  of  a 
class  of  youngconverts.  Thetrustees  purchased  the 
property  corner  of  Broadway  and  Berkley  Street, 
in  1854,  subject  to  a  claim,  and  on  November  14, 
1854,  they  bought  an  adjoining  lot.  The  basement 
of  the  church  was  dedicated  December  25,  1855, 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


471 


by  Bishop  Scott,  and  the  main  audience-room 
dedicated  January  29, 1857,  by  Bishop  Janes. 

Kev.  C.  K.  Fleming  was  pastor  from  1858  to 
1860.  There  were  then  two  hundred  full  mem. 
bers  and  one  hundred  probationers.  The  Sunday- 
schools  under  their  charge  had,  in  1860,  three  hun- 
dred and  seventy-five  children. 

From  1860  to  1872,  inclusive,  the  successive 
pastors  were  C.  W.  Heisley,  who  went  to  the  army 
as  chaplain,  Robert  Stratton,  R.  S.  Harris,  George 
Hitchens,  Wm.  Walton,  R.  A.  Ghalker  and  Geo. 
Hughes,  and  during  this  period  the  church  pros- 
pered greatly,  so  that  it  became  necessary  to  en- 
large the  church  building.  The  original  buildi  ng 
was  forty-eight  feet  by  sixty-five  feet,  and  during 
the  pastorate  of  Rev.  JohnS.  Phelps,  1873-74,  an 
addition  of  thirty  feet  was  built  to  the  rear.  Rev.  H. 
H.  Brown  was  pastor  during  1875.  The  parsonage. 
No.  512  Broadway,  was  purchased  for  five  thou- 
sand dollars,  April  20, 1873.  Rev.  Geo.  Reed  was 
pastor  in  1876,  and  had  two  very  successful  years 
in  church  work,  making  many  conversions. 

Rev.  Geo.  B.  Wight  was  pastor  during  1878, 
1879  and  1880.  During  this  period  a  plan  was 
adopted  to  liquidate  the  debt  on  the  church,  which 
was  then  nine  thousand  dollars,  and  which  has 
been  reduced  to  two  thousand  dollars.  The  new 
Methodist  hymnal  was  adopted  by  the  church  in 
November,  1878.  In  1879,  December  Slat,  a  new 
department  in  Sunday-school  work,  called  the  As- 
sembly, was  started  under  the  leadership  of  Joseph 
Elverson,  who  has  held  that  position  ever  since. 
Rev.  Milton  Relyea  was  pastor  from  1881  to  1884 ; 
during  this  period  there  was  a  great  revival 
and  a  large  number  were  added  to  the  church. 
Mrs.  Lizzie  Smith  did  much  earnest  work  at  a  re- 
vival in  1881.  At  an  afternoon  meeting  held  that 
year,  Mrs.  Clayton,  a  member,  died  very  suddenly. 
In  1884  the  church  was  newly  frescoed,  a  pipe-organ 
put  in  position,  and  shortly  thereafter  the  Annual 
Conference  was  held  in  this  church.  In  October, 
1883,  the  Sunday-school  numbered  one  thousand 
two  hundred  and  forty-seven  scholars,  and  had 
eighty-nine  officers  and  teachers.  The  Pine  Street 
Mission,  formerly  under  charge  of  Union  Method- 
ist Episcopal  Church,  was  transferred  by  mutual 
consent  to  the  charge  of  Broadway  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  March,  1884 ;  soon  after,  a 
plot  of  ground  ninety  by  one  hundred  and  fifty 
feet,  at  Third  Street  and  Beckett,  was  purchased  by 
this  church,  on  which  to  erect  a  chapel  and  re- 
ceive the  Sunday-school  and  worshippers  of  Pine 
Street  Mission.  The  old  building  on  Pine  Street 
was  subsequently  sold  and  the  proceeds  applied  to 
the  new  building,  which  was  dedicated  in  October, 


1885.  In.  1885,  under  the  preaching  of  Rev.  D.  B. 
Green,  a  great  revival  was  held.  In  March,  1885, 
the  Band  of  Hope  passed  into  the  charge  of  the 
Sunday-school  Association,  and  in  May,  Emmor 
Applegate  was  elected  its  superintendent.  Rev. 
Wm.  P.  Davis,  D.D.,  commenced  his  pastorate  of 
this  church  March,  1884,  since  which  time  many 
members  have  been  added.  The  membership  now 
(1886)  is  nearly  eight  hundred,  and  about  two 
hundred  probationers.  The  Sunday-school  has 
nearly  one  thousand  two  hundred  members  and 
the  Mission  school  has  about  two  hundred  and 
seventy  members.  Dr.  A.  E.  Street  is  ^the  general 
superintendent  of  the  school. 

Tabernacle  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
— In  1856  a  few  members  of  the  Third  Street  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church  of  Camden  held  devo- 
tional meetings  in  a  grove  at  Coopers  Point,  and 
then  organized  the  Tabernacle  Methodist  Episco- 
pal Church.  In  1860  a  chapel  was  built  on  Third 
Street,  below  Vine,  in  which  regular  meetings  were 
held.  A  minister  was  appointed  by  the  New  Jer- 
sey Conference.  The  society  grew  rapidly  in 
numbers,  and  in  1867  the  structure  at  the  northeast 
corner  of  Third  Street  and  Pearl  was  built.  The 
debt  on  the  church  for  a  time  was  a  heavy  load. 
However,  through  perseverance  and  zealous  work, 
it  was  greatly  diminished.  In  this  church  build- 
ing the  societycontinuedto  worship  until  August  3, 

1885.  On  that  day  the  cyclone  that  did  such  a  vast 
amount  of  damage  in  Camden  and  Port  Richmond, 
Philadelphia,  unroofed  the  church  building  and 
weakened  the  walls.  It  was  then  decided  to  take 
down  what  remained  of  the  old  building  and  in  its 
place  construct  a  new  one.  John  B.  Betts,  a 
builder,  began  the  work  in  .September,  under  a 
contract  to  erect  the  present  church  with  a  seat- 
ing capacity  of  eleven  hundred.  The  south  and 
west  sides  are  of  stone  and  the  north  and  east  sides 
of  brick,  with  the  main  audience-room  on 
second  floor.  The  cost  of  the  church  and  furniture 
was  about  thirty-two  thousand  dollars,  and  it  is  a 
beautiful  and  attractive  building.  It  was  dedicated 
with  imposing  ceremonies  during  the  summer  of 

1886.  The  church  membership  numbers  about 
six  hundred.  The  Sunday-school,  of  which  Wal- 
ter M.  Patton  has  been  superintendent  for  twelve 
yea^s,  has  thirty-five  teachers  and  six  hundred 
scholars.  Tabernacle  Church  is  the  only  Method- 
ist Episcopal  Church  in  Camden  north  of  Coopef 
Street,  and  is  the  only  free-seating  church  of  any 
denomination  north  of  Bridge  Avenue. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  ministers  who  have 
been  stationed  at  this  church  by  the  New  Jersey 
Conference  since  its  organization  i    Revs.  W.  S. 


472 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Barnart,  L.  La  Eue,  James  White,  J,  H.  Stock- 
ton, J.  W.  Hickman,  S.  E.  Post,C.  K.  Fleming,  G. 
K.  Morris,  E.  Hewett,  G.  S.  Sykes,  J.  S.  Heisler 
and  J.  Y.  Dobbins. 

FiLi^MOEE  Street  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church. — In  1856  a  mission  school,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  was 
organized  in  the  house  of  Jesse  Perkins,  No.  1722 
Broadway,  and  was  superintended  by  John  Dob- 
bins and  Mrs.  Shuttleworth.  Soon  after  its  organ- 
ization it  was  removed  to  the  house  of  William 
Hammond,  on  Fillmore  Street,  opposite  to  the 
site  of  the  present  church,  and  Samuel  Duval 
became  superintendent.  The  school  was  a  suc- 
cess, the  number  of  scholars  increased,  and  in 
1858  the  Fifth  Street  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
adopted  measures  to  procure  land  and  build  a 
church  in  that  locality. 

A  one-story  frame  building,  with  a  small  chapel 
to  the  rear,  was  built  by  Clayton  Peacock  in  1859, 
and  dedicated  by  Rev.  William  Brown.  The 
building  committee  were  William  Room,  William 
Hammond,  John  Dobbins,  Thomas  B.  Jones,  John 
S.  Bundick,  Josiah  Matlack  and  William  Brown, 
the  pastor.  A  large  number  of  members  joined 
the  church  at  this  time  and  the  Sunday-school  had 
eight  teachers  and  sixty  pupils.  The  pastors  who 
have  been  assigned  to  this  charge,  from  the  time 
of  the  organization  to  the  present  time,  have  been 
George  W.  Smith,  J.  T.  Price,  Joseph  Hopkins,  G, 
H.  Tullis,  Lewis  Atkinson,  John  Y.  Dobbins, 
David  Stewart,  Edward  Messier,  William  Mitchell, 
George  Musseroll,  D.  W.  C.  Mclntire  and  James 
E.  Diverty,  the  present  pastor.  The  congregation 
in  the  year  1886  built  a  new  church,  fifty-two 
by  eighty-two  feet  in  size,  of  stone,  with  modern 
improvements  and  neatness  of  architectural  de- 
sign, at  a  cost  of  fifteen  thousand  dollars. 
Two  large  lots  were  donated  by  Mrs.  John  Dob- 
bins for  the  site  of  the  new  church  and  a  par- 
sonage. These  lots  are  on  Broadway,  corner  of 
Van  Hook  Street.  The  building  committee,  to 
draft  the  plans  and  superintend  the  building  of  the 
new  church,  is  composed  of  John  Dobbins,  chair- 
man ;  Herman  Helmbold,  treasurer ;  Benjamin 
E.  Mellor,  secretary ;  and  Geo.  W.  Burroughs, 
Geo.  W.  Lacomey,  James  O.  Smith,  Joseph  Cline, 
Thomas  Harman,  G.  W.  Laird,  Robert  H.  Comey, 
Frederick  Kifferlyand  Henry  Davis. 

The  church  at  present  (1886)  has  a  membership 
of  one  hundred  and  seventy-two  communicants, 
and  in  the  Sunday-school  there  are  two  hundred 
and  eighty-nine  pupils  and  teachers,  with  George 
W.  Burroughs  as  superintendent. 

Centenary  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 


was  organized  in  1865,  by  persons  who  were  members 
of  the  Third  Street  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
The  Rev.  J.  B.  Dobbins,  D.D.,  was  presiding  elder 
at  that  time.  The  persons  most  prominently  iden- 
tified with  the  organization  of  the  church  were 
Charles  Sloan,  Joshua  Peacock,  Wm.  D.  Peacock, 
Nathan  T.  MuUiner,  William  W.  Barlow,  Charles 
Cox,  Philander  C.  Brink,  Benjamin  H.  Browning 
and  others. 

The  original  trustees  were  Wm.  Barlow,  Ralph 
Lee,  Joseph  C.  De  La  Cour,  H.  F.  Hunt,  N.  T. 
Mnlliner,  B.  H.  Browning  and  Thomas  Cochran. 

The  trustees  for  1886  are  B.  F.  Archer,  C.  S. 
Crowell,  W.  F.  Rose,  Joseph  H.  Watson,  Geo. 
Gerry  White,  L.  Somers  Risley  and  Wm.  Post. 

The  different  preachers  of  Centenary  Church,  in 
order  of  succession,  have  been  as  follows:  Revs. 
Henry  Baker,  D.D.,  William  V.  Kelley,  D.D., 
D.  A.  Schock,  J.  B.  Dobbins,  D.D.,  Thos.  H. 
.  Stockton,  John  Y.  Dobbins,  John  E.  Adams,  I.  L. 
Sooy  and  I.  S.  Heisler. 

Centenary  Methodist  Episcopal  Sabbath-school 
was  organized  April  8,  1866,  in  Morgan's  Hall, 
southeast  corner  of  Fourth  and  Market  Streets, 
with  an  attendance  of  eighteen  officers  and  teach- 
ers and  sixty-eight  scholars.  Joshua  Peacock  was 
elected  superintendent,  and  Charles  Sloan  assist- 
ant superintendent. 

An  infant  department  was  form  ed  April  22d, 
with  thirteen  scholars,  under  the  direction  of  Mrs. 
Petherbridge. 

Joshua  Peacock  served  as  superintendent  until 
May  4,  1873,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Wm.  T. 
Bailey,  who  has  since  filled  the  position,  except 
from  November  16,  1884,  to  May  6,  1885,  during 
which  time  Wilbur  F.  Rose  was  superintendent. 

The  school,  in  1886,  has  three  hundred  and 
forty-three  scholars,  and  forty-five  officers  and 
teachers.  The  present  presiding  officers  are 
William  T.  Bailey,  general  superintendent ;  Joshua 
Peacock,  assistant  superintendent ;  Harris  Graf- 
fen,  superintendent  of  the  assembly  ;  Mrs.  Ellen 
B.  G.  Hammell,  superintendent  of  primary  depart- 
ment. 

The  Eighth  Street  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.— The  history  of  the  Eighth  Street  Church 
begins  with  a  Mission  Sunday-school  under  the 
care  of  the  Broadway  Church.  This  school,  under 
the  name  of  Paradise  Mission,  was  organized  in 
1859  in  a  building  on  Mount  Vernon  Street,  used 
as  a  meat-shop  and  owned  by  John  Paschal.  At 
the  time  of  the  organization  of  the  school  John 
Collins  was  elected  superintendent ;  John  S.  Long, 
assistant  and  secretary ;  Mr.  Holmes,  librarian ; 
Mifflin  K.  Long,  treasurer,  and  Joseph  Hofflinger, 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


473 


John  Paschal  and  Benjamin  F.  Long,  teachers. 
Fifty  children  were  immediately  gathered  into 
this  school.  The  building  had  no  chimney  and 
was  not  plastered.  The  cold  weather  compelled 
the  school  to  seek  a  more  comfortable  place,  and 
the  public  school-house  on  Spruce  Street  was 
generously  granted  and  the  school  held  in  it  for 
several  months.  In  1860  a  room  or  hall  on  Wal- 
nut Street,  to  the  rear  of  the  present  church,  was 
rented,  and  there  the  school  convened  until  1862, 
when  a  frame  chapel  was  built  where  the  church 
now  stands.  Under  the  charge  of  the  presiding 
elder,  A.  K.  Street,  this  chapel  was  dedicated  by 
Kev.  H.  M.  Brown,  and  the  Sunday-school,  then 
numbering  one  hundred  members,  moved  into  it. 
During  1862  Rev.  R.  S.  Harris,  pastor  of  the 
Broadway  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  formed  a 
class  with  John  S.  Long  as  leader,  and  thus  ori- 
ginated the  Eighth  Street  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church. 

Regular  services  were  conducted  every  Sunday, 
and  during  that  winter  extra  meetings  were  held, 
which  resulted  in  bringing  many  persons  within 
the  fold  of  the  church.  Encouraged  by  this  suc- 
cess, in  1863  the  Eighth  Street  Chapel,  as  it  was 
then  called,  formed  a  mission  in  connection  with 
Stockton  and  Newton,  and  the  Conference  appoint- 
ed Rev.  Garner  H.  Tullis  to  take  charge  of  this 
mission.  The  first  year  of  his  ministry  was  a  suc- 
cessful one  and  brought  eighty-three  members, 
forty  probationers  and  two  hundred  and  twenty 
Sunday-school  children  within  the  mission.  The 
Eighth  Street  Chapel  then  filed  a  certificate  of 
incorporation,  under  the  name  of  the  Tullis 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  by  which  name  it 
has  ever  since  been  known,  though  called  in  Con- 
ference minutes  as  the  Eighth  Street  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  of  Camden.  In  1865  Rev.  Da- 
vid McCurdy  was  appointed  pastor  and  in  1866 
Rev.  N.  Walton  succeeded  him.  In  1869  this 
church,  which  had  from  the  first  been  associated 
.with  Broadway  Church,  separated  from  it  and  be- 
came a  station.  In  1873  W.  C.  Stockton  became 
pastor  and  the  chapel  was  enlarged  and  greatly 
improved,  at  a  cost  of  one  thousand  dollars, 
through  his  exertions,  and  during  the  second  year 
of  his  pastorate  the  foundation  of  the  present  large 
brick  church  building  was  built  up  to  the  second 
story  and  a  temporary  roof  placed  over  it.  It  was 
not  completed  until  1880,  at  which  time  the  church 
and  grounds  were  valued  at  fifteen  thousand  dol- 
lars. Since  this  congregation  separated  from  the 
Broadway  Methodist  Episcopal  eongregaiion  the 
pastors  who  have  served  it  were  Revs.  J.  H.  Nich- 
ols, J.  I.  Merrill,  J.  White,  Jacob  T.  Price,  W.  C. 


Stockton,  John  R.  Westwood,  Willis  Reeves, 
Garner  H.  Tullis,  James  H.  Payson  and  William 
Walton,  the  present  pastor.  The  history  of  this 
church  has  been  promising  from  its  first  inception, 
and  its  future  prospects  are  brighter  than  ever. 
With  an  increasing  population  about  it  and 
a  large  membership  of  more  uniform  piety,  it  can- 
not fail  to  accomplish  its  great  mission.  The 
membership  at  this  time  (1886)  is  three  hundred 
and  fifty-one,  and  the  Sunday-school  is  in  a  flour- 
ishing condition,  having  four  hundred  and  fifty- 
one  teachers  and  pupils,  with  E.  S.  Matlack  as 
superintendent. 

Kaighn  Avenue  Methodist  Episcopal 
Chukch. — The  congregation  that  worships  in 
this  church  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  Mission  Sunday- 
school  started  on  Liberty  Street,  above  Third,  by 
members  of  the  Union  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.  The  membership  of  this  mission  school 
increased  to  three  hundred,  and  it  was  deemed 
necessary  to  seek  larger  and  more  comfortable 
quarters.  In  1879  a  large  blacksmith  shop,  on 
Front  Street,  below  Eaighn  Avenue,  was  procured 
and  fitted  up  for  Sunday-school  purposes.  Under 
the  supervision  of  the  Rev.  William  C.  Stockton, 
a  church  society  was  formed,  under  the  name  of 
the  Grace  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  with  thirty 
communicants,  and  a  Sunday-school  started  with 
two  hundred  members,  most  of  whom  came  from 
the  mission  school  already  mentioned.  The 
religious  services  were  held  in  the  blacksmith- 
shop  for  seventeen  months,  and  during  the  heated 
term  in  the  summer  of  1879  the  congregation  wor- 
shipped in  a  large  tent  on  Kaighn  Avenue,  above 
Second  Street.  In  1880  Rev.  John  Boswell  was 
appointed  to  the  charge.  The  membership  of 
school  and  church  had  greatly  increased.  A  build- 
ing committee  was  appointed,  and  the  same  year  the 
present  church  on  Kaighn  Avenue  was  commenced. 
The  basement  was  built  the  same  year,  but  the 
cold  weather  prevented  the  completion  of  the 
church,  and  a  large  frame  pavilion,  thirty  by  sixty 
feet,  was  put  up  within  the  walls  and  upon  the 
lower  joists  for  a  foundation.  In  this  the  congre- 
gation woi-shipped  until  1882,  and  in  the  mean 
time  the  work  on  the  church  progressed,  the  walls 
and  roof  covering  the  pavilion  completely  before 
it  was  taken  down  and  removed.  The  congrega- 
tion then  worshipped  in  a  large  tent  which  was 
put  up  at  Third  Street  and  Sycamore. 

On  October  7,  1882,  the  church  was  dedicated  by 
Bishop  Hurst.  The  society  had  then  two  hundred 
and  forty  communicant  members  and  about  five 
hundred  members  in  the  Sunday-school.  The 
Rev.  B.  C.  Lippincott  was  the  next  minister,  and 


474 


HISTOKY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


was  followed  by  the  Kev.  Charles  F.  Downs.  In 
1885  the  Kev.  James  E.  Lake  assumed  the  charge 
of  the  congregation,  and  the  nameof  Kaighn  Ave- 
nue Methodist  Episcopal  Church  was  adopted. 
At  this  time  there  was  a  large  debt  and  they  were 
unable  to  meet  the  payments.  The  church  was 
threatened  with  dissolution,  but  Eev.  James  E. 
Lake  determined  to  avert  the  calamity,  and 
through  his  perseverance,  by  the  large  collections 
which  he  raised  from  contributions  in  other 
churches  and  by  contributing  largely  from  his  own 
personal  effects,  he  succeeded  in  liquidating  the 
largest  portion  of  the  indebtedness,  leaving  only  a 
small  amount  to  be  paid  by  the  congregation.  His 
earnest  efforts  in  the  behalf  of  hi^  congregation 
have  proved  very  successful. 

Bethany  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. — 
January  9,  1881,  in  response  to  a  call,  about  tv^enty 
persons  assembled  in  the  basement  of  a  one-story 
building  situated  on  the  south  side  of  Federal 
Street,  near  the  railroad,  and  organized  as  the 
"  Third  Street  Mission."  The  first  board  of  officers 
was  composed  of  Lewis  R.  Wheaton,  Asa  R.  Cox 
and  Charles  Wentzell.  The  teachers  appointed 
were  Robert  Miller  and  A.  Busby,  The  accommo- 
dations at  this  place  were  very  meagre, — a  few 
wooden  benches  without  backs,  a  small  number  of 
Bibles  and  reading-books,  but  the  untiring  efforts  of 
the  members  of  this  mission  were  rewarded  by  the 
attendance  of  a  large  nu  nber  of  scholars  and  ca- 
pable teachers.  In  1882  the  mission  removed  to  a 
room  on  Ninth  Street.  It  soon  became  necessary 
to  remove  to  a  larger  room  or  hall.  The  committee 
secured  the  old  store-house  on  Federal  Street,  near 
the  railroad,  at  a  rental  of  eight  dollars  per  month, 
and  fitted  it  up  for  services  and  Sunday-school 
purposes.  This  change  was  beneficial  and  success- 
ful to  the  mission  and  also  to  the  school,  and  gave 
assured  indications  of  establishing  a  church.  On 
June  11,  1884,  the  members  who  had  attended 
these  services  separated  from  the  Third  Street 
Church  and  were  organized  into  a  church  by  Rev. 
J.  B.  Graw,  D.D.,  and  took  the  name  of  Bethany, 
which  was  suggested  by  Mrs.  S.  Moslander,  who 
had  taken  an  active  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the 
mission,  and  is  at  present  a  prominent  member  of 
the  church.  The  Rev.  J.  D.  Sleeper  had  been  as- 
signed to  the  Camden  mission,  and  it  was  believed 
that  other  missions  would  unite  with  them  and 
make  a  fair  charge,  but  this  could  not  be  done,  and 
in  consequence  he  devoted  all  his  time  to  this  new 
church.  In  1885  Rev.  E.  C.  Hults  was  sent  to 
look  after  the  interests  of  Bethany,  and  before  the 
close  of  the  year  a  season  of  religious  revival 
added  a  large  number  to  the  membership  of  the 


church.  In  1886  Rev.  R.  Harris  was  assigned  to 
this  charge.  A  lot,  at  the  corner  of  Tenth  Street  and 
Cooper  was  secured  and  a  neat  one-story  building 
erected  in  1886.  The  church  membership  is  one 
hundred  and  fifty  and  the  Sunday-school  has  one 
hundred  and  twenty-five  scholars,  under  the  care  of 
E.  Butler  as  superintendent. 

Scott  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  is  lo- 
cated on  Philip  Street,  above  Ferry  Avenue.    The 
nucleus  of  this  church  was  eight  members  of  the 
old  Wesley  Church,  who,  in  1856,  worshipped  in 
the  cellar  of  the  houtfe  of  Aaron  Connor,  on  Kos- 
suth Street,  fur  which  they  paid  a  rental  of  fifty 
cents  a  month.  The  services  were  conducted  by 
Rev.  Peter  Wise,  of  the  John  Wesley  Oliureh,  of 
Philadelphia.     In   1857   they  worshipped  in  the 
house    of  Mrs.    Lyons,    on    Hooly    Street    (now 
Eighth).     In  1858  a  one-story  frame  church  build- 
ing was  erected  on  Eighth  Street  and  paid  for  by 
the  original  eight  members,  who  instituted  a  num- 
ber of  camp-meetings,  known  as  twodays'  meetings 
and  also  held  entertainments.      The  church  wi's 
built  by  James  Peacock  and  finished  in  1858;  the 
Rev.  Henry  A.  Brown  ofiiciated  at  the  dedicatory 
services.      The  pastors   of  this   congregation,  in 
order  of  succession,  have  been  Revs.  Peter  Wise, 
Isaac   Henson,  Robert  Robinson,  Wilmer  Elsey, 
Isaiah  Broughton,  Stephen  Johns,  John  Marshall, 
Peter  Burrough  and  John  S.  Holly.     During  the 
first  year  of  the  ministry  of  Rev.  J.  S.  Holly  the 
initiatory  steps  were  taken  to  build  a  larger  church, 
the  old  one  being  too  small  to  accommodate  the  con- 
gregation and  Sunday-school.  In  1882  the  present 
brick  church  was  erected  on  Philip  Street,  above 
Ferry   Avenue.      This  church  is  two  stories  in 
height,  with    basement   rooms,  large   auditorium 
in  the  second  story  and  large   gallery  across  the 
front,  and  cost  six  thousand  five  hundred  dollars. 
The   congregation    has  one    hundred  and  thirty 
communicants,   the    Sunday-school    one  hundred 
members,  of  which  Lawrence  Rhoads  is  the  super- 
intendent.    Rev.  John  Hubbard  succeeded  Rev. 
J.  S.  Holly  and  the  present  minister  of  the  congre- 
gation is  Rev.  John  J.  Campbell. 

Macedokia  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
of  Camden  is  situated  on  Spruce  Street,  below 
Third.  In  1832  Mrs.  Anna  George,  a  resident  of 
South  Camden,  began  a  series  of  prayer-meetings 
in  different  houses  on  Spruce  Street,  below  Third, 
and  at  the  meeting  in  the  house  of  Benjamin 
Wilson  resolutions  were  adopted  for  the  building 
of  a  small  church.  In  1833  the  corner-stone  was 
laid,  and  the  church,  a  one-story  frame  building, 
twenty  by  thirty  feet,  was  completed  and  dedicated 
with  appropriate  ceremonies  by  the  Rev.  Joseph 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


475 


Caul.    This  church  was  the  first  one  built  by  any 
congregation  of  colored  people  in  Camden  County. 
Historic  as  it  was,  for  the  reason  first  mentioned,  it 
was  destroyed  by  fire  in   1837.     A  brick  church, 
thirty  by  forty  feet,  was  then  built  on  the  site  of 
the  one  destroyed,  and  finished  in  1838.    At  this 
time  there  were  thirty-four  members  of  the  church 
and  twenty-six  children  in  the  Sunday-school. 
In  1850  the  church  was  rebuilt  with  larger  di- 
mensions  to   meet    the  wants   of  the  increasing 
membership.     Between  1850  and  1883  the  congre- 
gation enjoyed  a  prosperous  and  steady  gain  in 
membership.      In    1882  the  land   adjoining    the 
church,  thirty  by  one  hundred  feet,  was  purchased, 
and  in  1883  a  two-story  brick  building,  forty  by 
seventy-five  feet,  was  built  by  James  Aspen,  con- 
tractor,    with    basement ,  auditorium    and    front 
gallery.     It  has  a  seating  capacity  of  eight  hun- 
dred persons.      This    church  was   dedicated    by 
Bishop  Campbell.     There  were  then  two  hundred 
and  forty  communicant  members  in  the  congrega- 
tion and  one  hundred  and  fifty-five  pupils  in  the 
Sunday-school,   with    William    S.    Darr    as    the 
superintendent.     The  ministers  of  this  church,  in 
succession  have  been  as  follows  :    Revs.   Richard 
Williams,  John  Cornish,  Joshua  Woodlin,  John 
Boggs,  Israel  Scott,  George  Grinley,  Henry  Davis, 
Abraham  Crippin,  William  D.  Schureman,  James 
Fuller,   George   W.   Johnson,  George   E.   Boyer, 
Theophilus  Stewart,  Leonard  Patterson,  Frisby  J. 
Cooper,   Jeremiah    Turpin,    Michael    F.    Sluby, 
Robert  J.  Long,  John  W.  Cooper,  P.  L.  Stanford, 
William  H.  Yocum  and  A.  H.  Newton,  the  present 
pastor. 

At  this  date  (1886)  the  church  has  two  hundred 
and  seventy-six  members  on  its  roll  and  there  are 
one  hundred  and  seventy-four  members  in  the 
Sunday-school,  under  Samuel  Hunt  as  superin- 
tendent. 

ZiON  Wesley  Church  is  situated  on  the 
corner  of  Ann  Street  and  Sycamore.  It  was 
first  known  as  the  Wesley  Church.  The  congre- 
gation is  the  outgrowth  of  a  number  of  prayer- 
meetings  which  were  held  in  different  houses  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  church  in  1851  and  1852.  The  first 
meeting  was  held  in  the  house  of  William  Christo- 
pher, on  Kaighn  Avenue.  The  ministers  who 
officiated  at  the  original  meetings  were  Revs. 
George  Johnson  and  Mrs.  Mary  Adams.  The 
latter  had  been  a  missionary  to  Africa  for  five 
years,  took  a  great  interest  in  the  endeavor  to 
organize  a  church  society  and  collected  funds  to 
purchase  a  lot  as  a  site  for  a  church  building.  In 
1853  funds  had  been  raised  to  build  a  one-story 
frame  church,  which  was  completed  the  same  year 


and  dedicated  by  Bishop  Clinton,  of  Philadelphia. 
Thirty-five  persons  joined  the  church,  and  a  Sun- 
day-school  was   started   with    forty   members    in 
attendance.     The   church  was  soon  after  rebuilt 
with  greater  dimensions,  but  as  the  church  records 
are  incomplete,   the  exact  date  of  rebuilding  is 
unknown.     In  1880  the  old  church  building  was 
taken  down  and  a  large  two-story  brick  one,  forty 
by  seventy  feet,  with  vestry  rooms  and  gallery,  was 
built,  and  dedicated  with  the  present   name    of 
Zion  Wasley  Church.     The  congregation  was  then 
under  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev.  Joseph  P.  Thomp- 
son.    The  ministers  who  have  been  assigned  by 
Conference    to    this   charge    are    Revs.    Thomas 
Castor,  George  Johnson,  Arthur  J.  Scott,  William 
H.  Blackston,  George  Hilton,  George  Bausley,  J. 
B.  Truster,  Joseph  P.  Thompson,  Andrew  Jackson, 
Abraham  Anderson   and  John   H.  White.     The 
congregation  in  1886  has  one  hundred  and  thirty 
members.    The  Sunday-school  has  eighty  pupils. 
Bethel  Methodist   Episcopal  Church    is 
situated  on   Maple  Street,   below  Ferry  Avenue. 
This  congregation  originated  from  a  small  Sunday- 
school  and  series  of  prayer-meetings  which  were 
held  in  the  house  of  John  Morris,  on  South  Street, 
in  1863,  and  in  a  tent  which  was  put  up  on  the 
site  where  the  present  church  has  been  built.     In 
1864  sufiicient  money  was  collected  to  enable  the 
young  congregation  to  purchase  this  small  lot  and 
build   a  one-story   frame  church.     The    builder, 
Adam   Sparrow,   completed  it  in   1864.      It  was 
dedicated  the  same  year.   Bishop    Campbell   of- 
ficiating  at  the  dedicatory   services.     The  Rev. 
John  Boyer  was  the  first  pastor,  and  the  congre- 
gation increased  under  his  ministry,  as  also  the 
Sunday-school    under     the    superintendence    of 
James   Dicks.     The  ministers   who  have    served 
here  in  succession  since  the  time  of  organization 
have  been   Rev.    John    Boyer,   Elders    Watson, 
Cooper,  Sluby,  Garrison,  Turner,  William,  Sturgis 
and  Mills,  Rev.  John  Whitecar  and  Rev.  Josiah 
Smith,  the  present  pastor.     The  church  now  has 
eighty    communicants;     the    Sunday-school   has 
forty-two  members*    Daniel  Emmons  is  the  super- 
intendent. 

Union  American  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  Chestnut  Street,  above  Seventh,  was 
founded  by  Rev.  Peter  Spencer,  of  Wilmington, 
Del.,  and  it  is  known  as  a  branch  of  the  African 
Union  Church,  of  that  city.  In  1853  a  series  of 
prayer-meetings  were  conducted  in  the  house  of 
D.  Butler,  on  Newton  Street,  also  in  the  houses  of 
Sarah  Stewart  and  Sarah  Wheeler,  under  the  di- 
rection of  Rev.  John  Reed.  In  1855  funds  were 
collected,  and   a  small  frame  house  on   Newton 


476 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Street,  above  Seventh,  was  purchased,  and  moved 
to  a  site  near  the  corner  of  Ann  Street  and  Newton 
Street.  It  was  then  converted  into  a  small  church 
by  building  an  addition  to  the  rearof  it,  and  other 
improvements  were  added.  A  large  number  of 
communicants  were  admitted  to  membership  in  the 
newly-formed  society,  and  the  Sunday-school  grew 
;ind  prospered  under  the  direction  of  Christopher 
Berry.  The  original  building  in  which  these  peo- 
ple worshipped  was  too  small  ;  hence,  in  1879,  it  was 
decided  to  build  a  larger  and  more  convenient 
church.  Under  the  auspices  of  a  building  commit- 
tee, the  present  large  two-story  brick  church,  forty 
by  seventy  feet,  was  built  in  1880  and  dedicated  by 
Bishop  Ramsey,  of  Woodstown,  N.  J.  The  relig- 
ious services  of  this  church  are  yet  conducted  in 
the  large  basement-room  of  the  church  building; 
the  auditorium  on  the  second  floor,  though,  will 
soon  be  completed.  The  first  pastor  who  minis- 
tered to  the  wants  of  this  congregation  was  the 
Rev.  Henry  Mood,  who  was  followed  by  Rev.  Isaac 
Williams,  and  he  by  the  present  pastor,  Rev. 
Asbury  Smith.  The  church  membership  is  about 
one  hundred.  In  the  Sunday-school,  of  which 
William  Saunders  is  superintendent,  there  are 
eighty  children.  At  the  time  of  the  dedication  of 
the  new  church  the  name  of  the  "  African  Union 
Church''  was  changed  to  "  Union  American  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church." 

Memorial  Methodist  Protestant  Church 
is  situated  on  Liberty  Street,  above  Third.  Relig- 
ious services  of  this  denomination  were  first  held 
weekly  in  Camden,  in  1865,  at  the  the  house  of  Mrs. 
Robinson  and  Mrs.  Salinda  Smith,  on  Kaighn 
Avenue,  which  resulted  in  efiecting  an  organiza- 
tion, and  during  the  fall  of  1865  the  newly- 
formed  society  obtained  the  use  of  the  second 
story  of  a  frame  building  at  Second  Street  and  Pine, 
owned  by  the  City  Fire  Department.  Rev.  Frank 
Fletcher,  the  first  pastor,  by  the  end  of.  the  first 
year,  had  secured  a  church  membership  of  ninety 
communicants  and  established  a  Sunday-school  in 
connection  with  the  congregation.  In  1866  a 
church  building,  thirty-two  by  forty-eight  feet, 
was  erected  on  Broadway,  below  Kaighn  Avenue, 
and  the  Rev.  Boston  Corbett '  was  chosen  the  second 
pastor. 

In  1867  Rev.  William  Staulcup  became  pastor, 
continued  until  1874  and  was  succeeded  by  Rev. 
J.  K.  Freed,  during  whose  ministry  a  new  brick 
church,  forty  by  sixty  feet,  was  built  upon  the  site 
of  the  old  one.      In  1877   Rev.  C.  Applegate  suc- 

1  Sergeant  Boston  Corbett,  above  mentioned,  is  the  person  who, 
as  a  soldier,  shot  John  Wilkes  Booth,  the  aasaesin  of  President 
Abraham  Lincoln. 


ceeded,  and  in  1879  the  Rev.  William  Staulcup 
was  returned  to  this  congregation.  At  this  period 
an  exchange  of  the  original  church  building 
was  made  for  a  desirable  church  and  grounds 
on  Liberty  Street,  above  Third.  The  building 
thus  obtained  had  previously  been  used  by  a 
mission  under  the  auspices  of  the  Fifth  Street 
Church.  The  exchange  enabled  the  congregation 
to  cancel  all  indebtedness.  In  1883  Rev.  John 
Clark  became  pastor,  but  on  account  of  his  sickness 
the  charge  of  the  congregation  was  transferred 
to  his  grandson,  Rev.  Robert  Sinkinson,  who  served 
until  his  grandfather's  death,  in  1885.  Under 
his  ministrations  over  one  hundred,  members  were 
added  to  the  church,  and  the  Sunday-school,  under 
the  care  of  Frank  Fennimore  as  superintendent, 
had  increased  in  number  to  three  hundred  mem- 
bers. In  January,  1886,  Rev.  Charles  D.  Sinkin- 
son, brother  of  the  previous  pastor,  was  assigned  to 
this  pastoral  charge.  During  the  pastyear(1886) 
the  church  building  was  extended  forty  feet  to  the 
rear,  with  a  deep  recess  and  an  additional  story 
added ;  when  thus  completed,  it  will  have  a  seat- 
ing capacity  for  six  hundred  persons.  The  present 
membership  is  two  hundred  and  forty,  and  the 
Sunday-school  has  three  hundred  and  fifty  mem- 
bers, with  Theodore  Darnell  as  superintendent. 

The  First  Baptist  Church  of  Camden.^ — 
Early  in  the  present  century  a  few  Baptists  from 
Cohansey  settled  in  Camden.  They  promptly  united 
with  the  First  Baptist  Church  of  Philadelphia, 
and,  notwithstanding  the  difficulties  and  dangers 
of  crossing  the  Delaware  (with  the  rude  facilities 
of  the  time),  regularly  attended  its  services.  But 
provision  for  their  own  spiritual  needs  did  not  ex- 
haust their  sense  of  obligation.  Loyalty  to  God 
and  His  truth,  and  an  ardent  desire  for  the  salva- 
tion of  men,  demanded  of  them  the  preaching  of 
the  gospel  to  their  own  townsmen. 

The  Village  Academy,  located  at  Sixth  and 
Market  Streets,  was  their  first  public  meeting-place. 
There,  under  the  occasional  ministry  of  Rev.  Henry 
Halcomb,  D.D.,  of  Philadelphia,  and  others,  be- 
gan the  work  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  what 
is  now  the  city  of  Camden.  Soon  a  strong  oppo- 
sition revealed  itself,  that  closed  the  doors  of  the 
Academy  against  the  little  band,  whose  only  of- 
fense was  faithful  adherence  to  Scriptural  teaching 
and  practice. 

Though  subjected  to  great  inconvenience  by 
this  privation,  they  pushed  forward  the  work  to 
which  they  believed  God  had  called  them  with  un- 
daunted purpose  and   unabated   ardor.     Private 

2By  Rev.  I.  C.  Wynn,  D.D. 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


477 


houses  were  opened,  and  in  them  the  villagers 
were  invited  to  meet  for  prayer  and  conference, 
and  to  listen  to  the  preaching  of  the  gospel. 

The  first  church  organization  was  effected  Feb- 
ruary 5,  1818.  Its  constituents  were  Silvanus 
Sheppard,  Phoebe  Sheppard,  Richard  Johnson, 
Ann  Johnson,  Isaac  Smith,  Hannah  Ludlam  and 
Eleanor  Sheppard.  These  all  came  by  letters  of 
dismission  from  the  First  Church  of  Philadelphia. 
At  the  same  time  Silvanus  Sheppard  and  Richard 
Johnson  were  elected  to  the  diaconate  and  or- 
dained. Before  the  close  of  1818,  through  the 
self-sacrificing  efforts  of  this  heroic  little  band, 
the  first  modest  meeting-house  rose  on  the  site 
now  occupied  by  the  First  Chttrch. 


FIRST   BAPTIST   CHURCH. 

At  this  time  the  cause  received  valuable  aid  from 
the  frequent  visits  and  earnest  labors  of  Rev.  John 
Sisty,  of  Haddonfield.  In  the  early  years  of  its 
history  the  growth  of  the  church  was  greatly  hin- 
dered by  the  frequent  change  of  pastors,  and  by 
long  pastorless  periods.  From  the  year  of  its  con- 
stitution (1818)  to  1832  it  was  identified  with  the 
"New  Jersey  Baptist  Association,"  and  at  the  end 
of  that  period  reported  a  membership  of  thirty- 
seven.  The  church  then  withdrew  from  the  New 
Jersey  Baptist  Association  and  became  a  constitu- 
ent of  the  Central  Union  Association  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, organized  July  31, 1832.  In  1839  it  returned 
to  the  association  in  New  Jersey,  with  a  member- 
ship of  one  hundred  and  fifty-eight. 
67 


The  year  1842  witnessed  the  completion  of  a  two- 
story  brick  building  on  the  site  of  the  modest  struc- 
ture that  for  more  than  twenty  years  had  been  the 
home  of  the  church ;  and  the  little  company  of 
seven  had  grown  to  two  hundred  and  ten.  The 
pastorate  of  Rev.  Thomas  R.Taylor  began  in  1843 
and  continued  to  1854.  It  was  a  period  of  pros- 
perity and  growth  to  the  church.  Other  pastor- 
ates had  been  efficient,  considering  their  brevity. 
Mr.  Taylor's  incumbency  was  the  first  that  was 
sufficiently  protracted  to  establish  wise  methods  of 
work  in  the  church,  or  to  measure  the  pastor's 
personal  influence  upon  the  community. 

In  1848  forty-four  members  were  dismissed  to 
constitute  the  "Second  Baptist  Church  of  Cam- 
den.'' 

In  the  twelve  years  from  1854  to  1866  five  pas- 
torates were  crowded.  Notwithstanding  the  fre- 
quent change  of  leaders,  the  church  continued  to 
prosper.  In  1859  it  gave  thirty-seven  members  to 
constitute  the  "North  Baptist  Church.''  In  1861 
one  hundred  and  fifty-five  communicants  withdrew 
to  constitute  the  "Tabernacle  Baptist  Church." 
In  1860  the  second  house  was  razed,  and  the  pres- 
ent substantial  and  commodious  building  was 
completed  and  dedicated  in  1864. 

In  1871  a  number  of  communicants  withdrew 
and  constituted  the  "  Trinity  Baptist  Church," 
perfecting  their  organization  in  1872. 

In  April,  1871,  negotiations  began  looking  to 
the  union  of  the  First  and  Tabernacle  Churches. 
The  latter,  under  the  pastorates  of  Rev.  A.  Earl, 
Rev.  P.  L.  Davis  and  Rev.  I.  C.  Wynn,  had  en- 
joyed ten  years  of  harmonious  and  successful  ac- 
tivity, and  reported  a  membership  of  two  hundred 
and  seventy-nine. 

Pending  the  final  decision  of  an  involved  legal 
issue  and  necessary  legislation,  the  two  congrega- 
tions worshipped  together  in  the  house  of  the  First 
Church  from  June  4,  1871,  to  April  1,  1872,  when 
the  union  was  consummated,  under  the  title  of  the 
"  Fourth  Street  Baptist  Church,  of  Camden,"  with 
an  aggregate  membership  of  three  hundred  and 
fifty-one.  On  the  16th  of  April,  1883,  the  corporate 
title  was  changed  to  "The  First  Baptist  Church 
of  Camden,  N.  J." 

The  beneficent  influence  of  this  union  has  been 
felt  beyond  the  limits  of  the  resultant  church.  It 
has  lessened  necessary  home  expenses,  and  lib- 
erated funds  to  be  applied  to  the  mission  work  of 
the  denomination.  Since  the  union  the  life  of  the 
church  has  been  healthful  and  vigorous.  Its  finan- 
cial interests  have  been  efficiently  managed ; 
$66,202.73  have  been  expended  in  the  improve- 
ment of  the  property  of  the  church  and  in  the 


478 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


maintenance  of  its  ministries  at  home,  and 
$9696.81  have  been  devoted  to  the  various  forms 
of  benevolent  activity  abroad. 

During  the  period  from  April  1,  1872,  to  July 
31,  1886,  the  accessions  to  the  membership  have 
been :  By  baptism,  two  hundred  and  sixty-seven  ; 
by  letter,  two  hundred  and  seventy-one;  by  experi- 
ence, twenty-two  ;  by  restoration,  sixteen, — total, 
five  hundred  and  seventy-six.  The  reductions 
have  been:  By  death,  ninety-eight;  by  letter,  one 
hundred  and  sixty -nine ;  by  erasure,  thirty-four ;  by 
exclusion,  sixty-six, — total,  three  hundred  and 
sixty-seven.  The  net  increase  has  been  two  hun- 
dred and  nine,  giving  a  present  membership  of 
five  hundred  and  sixty. 

The  church  has  given  special  emphasis  to  Bible 
school  work,  and  in  addition  to  its  home  school 
has,  for  the  last  five  years,  sustained  a  flourishing 
mission  in  the  southern  part  of  the  city.  They 
have  an  enrollment  of  seventy  officers  and  teach- 
ers, and  six  hundred  and  thirty  scholars. 

REGISTER  OF    PASTORS. 

Daniel  James,  May,  1818,  to  November,  1818. 
John  P.  Cooper,  December,  1818,  to  March,  1819. 
Thomas  J.  liitts,  December,  1819,  to  March,  1822. 
Charles  J.  Hopkins,  March,  1823,  to  July,  1821. 
Kobert  Compton,  September,  1 829,  to  September,  1832. 
Amasa  Smith,  January,  1833,  to  September,  1833. 
William  S.  Hall,  November,  1833,  to  Jlay,  1834. 
Thomas  C.  Teaedale,  January,  1835,  to  October,  1835. 
Joseph  Sheppard,  August,  1836,  to  May,  1838. 
N.  B.  Tindall,  Ausust,  1838,  to  September,  1841. 
William  W.  Smith,  December,  1841,  to  September,  1842. 
Thomas  K.  Taylor,  November,  1842,  to  January,  1854. 
John  Duncan,  May,  1854,  to  1857. 
S.  H.  Mirick,  December,  1857,  to  1868. 
George  B.  Darrow,  from  1859  to  1860. 
G.  G.  Ferguson,  from  1880  to  1862. 
B.  V.  Hedden,  from  1862  to  1865. 
F.  B.  Rose,  from  1866  to  1870. 
I.  C.  Wynu,  from  1870. 

Present  Officers:  Pastor,  Isaac  C.  Wynn,  D.D. ; 
Deacons,  Adam  Angel,  David  Lack,  Ellwood 
K.  Fortiner,  Stacy  Gaunt,  Charles  E.  Young, 
E.  M.  Howard,  M.D.,  Morris  W.  Hall;  Trus- 
tees, Volney  G.  Bennett,  E.  A.  Armstrong,  A.  S. 
Morton,  Edward  H.  Bryan,  S.  F.  Rudderow,  C. 
K.  Middleton,  William  C.  Scudder ;  Clerk,  Charles 
A.  Morton  ;  Treasurer,  Samuel  G.  Rudderow. 

Rev.  Isaac  Caldwell  Wynn,  D.D.,  the  second 
son  of  Benjamin  I.  Wynn  and  Susan  N.  Ray 
Wynn,  was  born  near  Millville,  Cumberland 
County,  N.  J.,  on  a  farm,  February  22,  1835.  His 
early  education  was  principally  obtained  under 
the  tutorship  of  his  father,  who,  in  the  intervals  of 
business,  devoted  his  attention  to  the  education  of 
his  children.  He  afterwards  entered  the  univer- 
sity at  Lewisburgh,  Pa.,   and  was  graduated   in 


1858.  For  ten  years  after  his  graduation  he  was 
engaged  in  teaching,  a  profession  to  which  he 
had  intended  devoting  his  life  and  in  which  he  was 
very  successful.  He  occupied  in  this  time  the 
chair  of  natural  sciences  in  the  Upland  Normal 
School  and  was  the  principal  of  the  classical 
academies  at  Lewisburgh  and  Danville,  all  in 
Pennsylvania.  In  1868  he  was  regularly  ordained 
a  Baptist  minister,  and  took  charge  as  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  Church  at  Hatboro',  Montgomery 
County,  Pa.  He  remained  as  paslor  there  until 
July  1,  1870,  when  he  entered  the  pastorate  of  the 
Tabernacle  Baptist  Church  in  Camden,  going  with 
it  in  its  union  with  the  First  Baptist  Church.  He 
received,  in  the  year  1879,  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  from  the  university  at  Lewisburgh.  In 
1885  the  Legislature  of  New  Jersey  elected  him 
one  of  the  trustees  of  the  State  Normal  School, 
which  made  him  ex-officio  a  member  of  the  State 
Board  of  Education.  His  services  here  have  been 
greatly  appreciated  by  his  colleagues  and  by  State 
oflScers.  For  his  piety,  his  learning,  his  eloquence 
as  a  preacher  and  the  fraternal  affection  with 
which  he  discharges  the  duties  of  his  office  as 
pastor,  he  has  won  the  love  of  his  entire  church 
and  the  respect  and  esteem  of  the  whole  com- 
munity. His  pastorate  is  the  longest  continuous 
One  in  the  West  New  Jersey  Baptist  Association. 
Dr.  Wynn's  wife  is  a  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Wil- 
liam P.  Maul.     They  have  no  children. 

The  Second  Baptist  Church  was  constituted 
in  1848  with  forty-six  constituent  members,  mostly 
from  the  First  Baptist  Church,  Camden,  Thomas 
Shields  and  Joseph  Matlack  were  the  first  dea- 
cons. The  church  built  a  two-story  brick  meeting- 
house on  the  southeast  corner  of  Fourth  and  Divi- 
sion Streets,  which  they  sold,  in  1867,  to  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul,  and 
erected  a  meeting-house  on  the  southwest  corner 
of  Fourth  and  Mount  Vernon,  of  brick,  two  stories 
high  and  costing,  with  ground,  eighteen  thousand 
dollars.  This  they  still  occupy.  When  the  loca- 
tion was  changed,  in  1867,  a  large  number  of  the 
members,  including  the  pastor,  Mark  R.  Watkin- 
son,  withdrew  and  formed  the  Broadway  Baptist 
Church.  The  membership  now  numbers  one  hun- 
dred and  thirty.  These  have  been  pastors, — 
Matthew  M.  Semple,  M.D.,  Thomas  C.  Trotter, 
Alexander  Clark,  Thomas  Goodwin,  Francis  Cail- 
hopper,  John  C.  Hyde,  Mark  R.  Watkinson, 
Charles  W.  Deitz,  Samuel  Hughes,  William  W. 
Dalbey,  Matthew  M.  Finch,  Frank  B.  Rose  (sup- 
ply), William  Lawrence,  John  D.  Flansburg. 

Third  Baptist  Church  is  situated  on  Broad- 
way, above  Vanhook  Street.     July  14,  1852,  Jon- 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


479 


athan  J.  Cox,  Harry  Blanford,  John  SMll,  John 
Shield,  Benjamin  Muir,  Benjamin  Ballard,  Agnes 
Shill,  Matilda  Shill  and  Matilda  Ballard,  princi- 
pally members  of  the  Second  Baptist  Church  of 
Camden,  and  Bev.  Thomas  C.  Trotter,  the  pastor, 
met  at  the  house  of  John  Shill,  in  Stockton,  and 
formed  "The  Baptist  Society,"  of  which  Datus 
Drury,  B.  Ballard  and  T.  0.  Trotter  were  appointed 
a  building  committee.  August  15th,  a  Sunday-school 
was  organized  with  J.  J.  Cox  superintendent, 
and  Harry  Blanford,  Matilda  Shill,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Basford  and  Lizzie  Price  as  teachers.  The  school 
continued  to  meet  at  the  house  of  John  Shill  and 
the  society  at  J.  J.  Cox's,  on  Ferry  road,  until 
1854,  when  the  meeting-house,  on  Vanhook  Street, 
near  Sixth,  was  completed.  Among  those  who 
preached  for  this  society  were  Revs.  Thomas  C. 
Trotter,  Edward  G.  Taylor,  David  Spencer  and 
John  Sisty.  The  society  prospered,  and  resolving 
to  form  a  church,  met  August  1,  1855,  and  consti- 
tuted the  "  Stockton  Baptist  Church,"  composed 
of  the  following-named  members  :  Jonathan  Cox, 
John  C.  Taylor,  Harry  Blanford,  John  Jones, 
Rebecca  Fults,  James  Jones,  Mary  E.  Cox,  Mary 
Ann  Taylor,  Matilda  Blanford,  Mary  Jones,  Mar- 
garet Ewell  and  Elizabeth  Ewell.  On  August  6th 
of  the  same  year  a  council,  with  Rev.  John  Dun- 
can, D.D.,  of  Camden,  as  moderator,  was  called,  at 
which  the  young  church  was  recognized  and  ad- 
mitted into  the  fellowship  of  the  West  New  Jersey 
Baptist  Association.  The  church  procured  sup- 
plies for  many  years,  among  whom  were  Revs. 
William  James,  John  E.  Barnes,  Walter  Patton 
and  Adam  Hayberry.  In  1861  Rev.  E.  V.  Glover, 
who  had  been  serving  the  church,  assumed  the 
pastorate,  and,  by  his  earnestness  and  helpful  ways, 
did  much  for  his  people  during  his  stay  of  fifteen 
years.  In  1863  the  old  meeting-house  was  sold  to 
the  Church  of  Our  Saviour,  and  a  new  one  of 
brick,  with  a  seating  capacity  of  four  hundred, 
built  on  the  site  now  occupied.  In  1871  Stockton 
was  annexed  as  the  Eighth  Ward  of  Camden,  and 
an  act  was  obtained  from  the  Legislature  changing 
the  name  of  this  society  to  the  Third  Baptist 
Church  of  Camden.  Mr.  Glover  resigning  in 
1876,  Rev.  George  H.  MacClelland  filled  the  pulpit 
until  February,  1877,  when  Reece  W.  Perkins, 
then  pursuing  a  post-graduate  course  in  Crozer 
Theological  Seminary,  accepted  a  call,  and  being 
ordained,  became  the  pastor.  In  1880  a  large 
addition  of  brick,  twenty-five  by  sixty  feet,  placed 
transversely  in  the  rear,  for  Sunday-school  pur- 
poses, was  built  and  the  main  structure  renovated, 
chiefly  under  the  direction  of  James  F.  Baird, 
who,  one  of  the  first,  had  also  been  one  of  the 


most  helpful  members.  Under  the  pastorate  of 
Rev.  Mr.  Perkins,  the  church  has  grown  from  a 
weak,  struggling  interest,  needing  constant  assist- 
ance, to  a  strong,  self-reliant  body,  helping  others. 
It  has  two  promising  young  men  studying  for  the 
ministry, — JamesS. Braker,  at  Lewisburgh  Univer- 
sity, and  Charles  E.  Woodruff,  son  of  the  late 
Elmer  C.  R.  Woodruff,  who  for  many  years  was  a 
stanch  pillar  of  the  church.  Under  the  efficient 
labor  of  the  present  pastor,  the  debt  has  been  de- 
creased to  a  nominal  amount,  the  contributions 
have  tripled  and  the  membership  more  than  dou- 
bled, now  numbering  two  hundred  and  twenty ; 
while  the  Sunday-school,  under  the  superintend- 
ency  of  Theodore  B.  Davis,  numbers  three  hun- 
dred pupils,  with  twenty-five  officers  and  teachers. 
The  officers  of  the  church  are, — Pastor,  Rev.  Reece 
W.Perkins;  Clerk,  Charles  E.  Woodruff;  Treas- 
urer, Theodore  B.  Davis ;  Deacons,  William 
Wright,  William  E.  Gilling,  T.  B.  Davis,  George 
T.  Clarke;  Trustees,  William  C.  Clarke,  Elmer E. 
Wright,  Levi  B.  Jess,  Arthur  Crouch,  William  H. 
Smith,  George  J.  Stites  and  John  W.  Whitecar. 

North  Baptist  Chukch.' — In  1855  Rev.  E.  V. 
Glover  and  Mrs.  H.  P.  Hale,  members  of  the  First 
Baptist  Church  of  Camden,  began  a  series  of  meet- 
ings in  private  houses  remote  from  the  church,  de- 
signed for  the  benefit  of  infirm  and  indifferent  mem- 
bers who  seldom  enjoyed  the  services  of  the  church. 
In  the  search  for  a  suitable  place  for  holding  meet- 
ings in  the  vicinity  of  Coopers  Point,  a  large  popu- 
lation was  found  destitute  of  both  religious  and  sec- 
ular instruction.  In  1856  an  attempt  to  establish 
a  Sunday-school  failed  for  want  of  a  suitable  room. 
In  1857  a  large  hall  in  the  silk-factory  on  the 
northwest  corner  of  Front  Street  and  Pearl  was 
offered  gratuitously  by  the  proprietor,  German 
Foss,  in  which  to  hold  a  Sunday-school.  Sep- 
tember 7,  1859,  an  organization  was  effected  by 
choosing  Rev.  E.  V.  Glover,  superintendent; 
Adam  Angell,  assistant ;  Henry  Samuel,  secre- 
tary and  librarian  ;  Mrs.  H.  P.  Hale,  superinten- 
dent of  the  infant  department.  The  following 
were  appointed  teachers :  Joseph  Whitman,  Mrs. 
Louisa  Hindle,  Mrs.  Anna  Briggs,  Miss  Louisa 
Woolston,  Mrs.  H.  Foss  and  Miss  Addie  McCul- 
ly.  The  school  began  with  eighty-eight  scholars. 
It  continued  to  meet  in  the  silk-factory  until 
January,  1859,  when  it  was  transferred  to  the  fac- 
tory of  E.  W.  Williamson,  corner  of  Second  Street 
and  Birch,  where  it  was  held  until  July  31, 
1859.  The  influence  of  the  school  made  itself 
manifest  and  the  number  of  members  rapidly 
increased. 

1  By  Rev.  W.  T.Burns. 


480 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


An  equally  important  factor  in  the  new  enter- 
prise was  the  meeting  for  adults  begun  on  Sun- 
day, October  18,  1857,  and  continued,  on  Sunday 
at  the  hall  and  on  Tuesday  at  the  residence  of  Mr. 
Ellis,  on  Birch  Street,  until  the  removal  to  the 
building  of  Mr.  Williamson. 

The  need  of  larger  and  permanent  quarters  had 
now  become  so  pressing  that  on  January  26, 1859, 
the  First  Baptist  Church  appointed  Rev.  E.  V. 
Glover,  J.  D.  Tustin  and  J.  S.  Collings  to  take 
proper  steps  to  procure  a  suitable  house.  E.  K. 
Fortiner  was  afterwards  added  to  the  number,  and 
aided  greatly  in  the  erection  of  the  new  building, 
which  was  situated  on  Elm  Street,  below  Second, 
and  was  dedicated  July  31,  1859.  On  the  10th  of 
November,  1859,  at  the  house  of  Rev.  E.  V. 
Glover,  a  meeting  was  held,  of  which  Rev.  E.  V. 
Glover  was  chairman  and  J.  D.  Tustin  cleric,  for 


NORTH    BAPTIST    CHURCH. 

the  purpose  of  organizing  a  church.  It  was  ordered 
by  the  vote  of  the  meeting  that  steps  be  taken  at 
once  for  forming  a  church ;  that  a.  council  of 
churches  be  called  for  November  22d  ;  that  the  name 
"  North  Baptist  Church  of  Camden,  N.  J.,"  be 
adopted ;  that  the  articles  of  faith  and  church 
covenant  as  contained  in  the  Baptist  Church  Man- 
ual, by  Rev.  J.  Newton  Brown,  be  adopted  ;  that 
regular  services  be  held  on  Sunday  morning  and 
evening  and  on  Tuesday  and  Friday  evenings  ;  and 
that  Bro.  E.  S.  Read  be  employed  to  labor  as  a 
colporteur  for  one  month  from  November  8th,  at  a 
salary  of  five  dollars  per  week.  The  church  thus 
organized    was     recognized    by     a     council     of 


churches  held  November  29th,  and  the  services  in 
recognition  of  the  new  church  were  conducted  at 
the  First  Baptist  Church  by  Revs.  G.  G.  Ferguson, 
E.  D.  Fendall,  J.  E.  Wilson,  F.  T.  Cailhopper 
and  J.  Hyatt  Smith. 

The  names  of  thirty-seven  members  thus  recog- 
nized as  the  North  Baptist  Church  of  Camden 
are  these, — 


Blisha  V.  Gluver.     Matilda  B.  Glover. 
E.  V.  Glover,  Jr,      George  Glover. 
Catherine  Kain.        Enieline  Lewis. 
Lydia  Rowand.         Mary  E.  Rowand. 
AnnaM.  Briggs.      Margaret  A^aiighan. 
Joiin  D.  Tustin.      Susanna  A.  Tustin. 
Eliza.  E.  Tustin.     Matilda  CliiBm. 
Stacy  Gaunt.  F.  P.  Middleton. 

Susan  Cowan.  Beborah  Cowan. 

Peninah  Nash.        Barbara  Nash. 
\Vm.  H.  Tash.         Agnes  Nash. 
Adaline  McCully.  Anna  Campbell. 

Georgianna  Tice 


Amelia  M.  Glover. 
.Joseph  H.  Kain. 
Joseph  T.  Rowand. 
Harriet  P.  Hale. 
Eliza  Vaughan. 
Mary  E.  Tustin. 
Edward  A.  Miles. 
Ashly  B.  Lucas. 
.T.  Stokes  Nash. 
Sophia  B.  Nash. 
Edward  0.  Hale. 
Mary  Anna  Ran  ger. 


Of  these  original  thirty-seven,  six  are  still  mem- 
bers. The  church  began  its  history  with  a  small 
body,  but  with  a  live  root ;  and  this  living  root, 
planted  in  a  favorable  place,  soon  showed  a  vigor- 
ous growth.  On  December  2,  1859,  Rev.  R.  S. 
James,  D.D.,  was  called  to  the  pastorate,  began 
January  1, 1860,  and  continued  till  the  last  Sunday 
in  1863,  when  the  church,  having  decided  on  the 
erection  of  a  larger  meeting-house,  and  Dr.  James 
feeling  his  strength  unequal  to  the  extra  labor 
involved,  resigned,  and  on  January  12,  1864,  Rev. 
S.  C.  Dare,  previously  pastor  of  the  church  at 
Cureton,  N.  J.,  was  chosen.  During  this  pastor- 
ate the  present  church  edifice,  corner  of  Second 
Street  and  Pearl,  was  built  at  a  cost  of  about 
thirty-five  thousand  dollars  and  the  church  was 
largely  prospered  in  spiritual  as  well  as  in  tempo- 
ral matters.  Mr.  Dare  resigned  February  16, 1868, 
and  on  March  23,  1868,  Rev.  A.  G.  Thomas,  pas- 
tor of  the  church  at  Mount  Holly,  was  unani- 
mously elected  to  thepastorate.  His  administration 
continued  until  December  25,  1870,  when,  in  con- 
sequence of  a  serious  affection  of  the  throat,  he  re- 
signed. Rev.  J.  E.  Chambles,  of  Baltimore,  was 
called  to  become  pastor  March  8,  1871.  He  began 
his  work  the  1st  of  April  ensuing  and  continued 
until  May  1,  1878.  On  July  9,  1873,  a  call  was  ex- 
tended to  Rev-  R.  G.  Moses,  lately  of  Plymouth, 
England.  During  this  pastorate,  which  continued 
for  eight  years,  one  hundred  and  siity-eight  were 
added  to  the  church,  a  new  mission  building  was 
built  at  a  cost  of  four  thousand  dollars  and  large 
improvements  were  made  in  the  meeting-house. 
This  pastorate  ended  with  the  year  1881. 

April  4,  1882,  a  call  was  extended  to  Rev.  A.  E. 
Rose,  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  Church  of  Brad- 


THE  CITr  OF  CAMDEN. 


481 


ford,  Pa.  Mr.  Rose  began  his  pastorate  April  9, 
1882.  The  membership  of  the  church  was  increased 
by  an  addition  of  one  hundred  and  sixty — one 
hundred  and  twenty-four  by  baptism,  thirty-five 
by  letter  and  one  by  experience.  A  new  organ, 
costing  two  thousand  dollars,  was  placed  in  the 
gallery.  Mr.  Rose  resigned  his  pastorate,  to  take 
effect  August  5,  1888. 

On  December  10,  1888,  a  call  was  extended  to 
Rev.  W.  T.  Burns,  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
Church  of  Lynn,  Mass.,  which  was  accepted,  and 
Mr.  Burns  began  his  pastorate  February  1,  1884. 
During  this  pastorate  one  hundred  and  sixty-eight 
have  been  added  to  the  church.  Of  these,  one 
hundred  and  ten  havejoined  by  baptism,forty-five  by 
letter,  twelve  by  experience  and  one  by  restoration. 
An  addition  has  been  made  to  the  property  of  a 
building  for  the  primary  department,  costing  three 
thousand  dollars;  achurch  library  of  two  thousand 
volumes,  costing  about  two  thousand  dollars,  and 
involving  alterations  costing  one  thousand  dollars 
more,  has  been  added.  A  library-sustaining  fund 
of  five  hundred  dollars  a  year,  for  five  years  to 
come,  has  (1886)  been  subscribed. 

The  enlarged  accommodations  furnished  the 
Sunday-school  by  the  building  of  the  annex  for 
the  primary  department,  have  been  taken  up  by  the 
growth  of  the  school,  the  average  attendance  for 
May,  1886,  showing  an  advance  of  twenty-one  per 
cent,  over  that  of  May,  1885.  The  growth  of  the 
school  is  largely  due  to  the  energy  and  faithful 
personal  attention  to  its  work  of  the  superintend- 
ent, F.  W.  Ayer,  seconded  by  a  faithful  and  well- 
disciplined  corps  of  teachers.  In  December,  1885, 
letters  were  granted  to  fifty-three  members  of  this 
church  for  the  purpose  of  uniting  to  organize  the 
Linden  Baptist  Church,  to  be  situated  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Ninth  Street  and  Linden.  Notwithstand- 
ing this  large  subtraction  from  the  roll  of  the 
church,  the  vacant  places  have  been  very  rapidly 
filled. 

The  Bkoadway  Baptist  Church  was  located 
at  Broadway  and  Cherry  Street  and  was  consti- 
tuted in  April,  1867,  by  Rev.  Mark  R.  Watkinson, 
the  pastor,  and  forty-seven  members  of  the  Second 
Baptist  Church,  who,  withdrawing  therefrom, 
formed  the  new  church,  with  John  B.  Stygale, 
John  Osier  and  Augustus  M.  Crissy,  deacons.  The 
ground  on  Broadway,  below  Spruce,  was  obtained, 
and  on  the  St.  John  Street  front  was  erected  a 
brick  building,  in  which  the  society  worshipped 
until  1870,  when  a  stone  meeting-house  was  built 
on  the  Broadway  end  of  the  lot,  at  a  cost  of  nearly 
eighteen  thousand  dollars.  The  pastors  who 
served  this  church  were  Revs.  Mark  R.  Watkin- 


son, E.  Evered  Jones,  Charles  Johnson,  Andrew 
J.  Hay,  E.  Dallas  Stagers. 

In  October,  1877,  the  church  disbanded,  and  the 
pastor.  Rev.  E.  D.  Stagers,  with  thirty-six  of  the 
members,  united  and  constituted  the  Tabernacle 
Baptist  Church. 

The  Tabernacle  Baptist  Church  was  con- 
stituted in  October,  1877,  when  the  pastor  and 
thirty-six  of  the  members  of  the  Tabernacle 
Church  met  in  a  building  on  Stevens  Street,  below 
Fifth,  now  the  property  of  Hatch  Post,  No.  37,  G. 
A.  R.,  and  formed  the  new  organization.  The 
original  members  were  Rev.  E.  Dallas  Stagers, 
William  S.  Kain,  Rebecca  A.  Kain,  William  W. 
Kain,  Isaac  N.  Hugg,  M.D.,  Sallie  D.  Hugg,  Re- 
becca S.  Brooks,  Harriet  S.  Brooks,  Letitia  B. 
Brooks,  Abigail  Brooks,  Sallie  M.  S.  Brooks,  El- 
len R.  Brooks,  Lavinia  Brooks,  Israel  Pierson,  Er- 
mina  Pierson,  Martha  Turner,  Deborah  Webster, 
Hannah  Webster,  Mary  J.  Cordrey,  Mary  V.  S. 
Drury,  Nettie  Drury,  Stacy  Doran,  Caroline  Do- 
ran,  Mary  Jones,  Rachel  Grifiin,  Elizabeth  Long- 
head, Amanda  Letourneu,  John  Miller,  Nettie 
Miller,  Jane  E.  McCay,  Abigail  Piatt,  Emma 
Quick,  Anna  Quick,  E.  E.  Wheeler,  Emma  Selali, 
Mary  E.  Fish. 

Rev.  E.  D.  Stagers  was  chosen  pastor,  William 
S.  Kain  and  John  Miller  were  elected  deacons  and 
William  W.  Kain  church  clerk. 

The  church  was  recognized  by  a  council  of 
Baptist  Churches  September  2, 1878,  and  remained 
in  their  first  location  until  1880,  when  they  rented 
the  church  erected  by  the  Broadway  Church  in 
1870.  The  church  at  this  time  numbered  sixty- 
eight  members.  Mr.  Stagers  continued  as  pastor 
until  April  4, 1881,  when  he  resigned  and  accepted 
a  call  to  the  Baptist  Church  at  Woodstown,  Salem 
County,  where,  on  Sunday,  November  27,  1881,  as 
he  finished  his  morning  sermon,  he  was  stricken 
with  apoplexy  and  in  a  few  moments  died. 

After  Mr.  Stagers  left,  the  pulpit  was  supplied 
by  several  persons  until  1882,  when  IsaaC  W. 
Bagley,  a  student  at  Lewisburgh  University  and  a 
licentiate  of  the  Fourth  Baptist  Church,  Philadel- 
phia, accepted  a  call  as  stated  supply  and  began 
his  labors  at  that  time.  The  church  was  in  a  lan- 
guishing condition  and  the  membership  so  scat- 
tered that  less  than  twenty  were  found  under  Mr. 
Bagley's  ministry.  However,  the  church  revived 
and  the  membership  increased. 

April  4,  1886,  the  church  elected  trustees  and 
became  incorporated,  having  purchased  the  build- 
ing (before  that  time  rented)  and  with  subscription 
lists  sufficient  to  pay  for  it.  Its  seating  capacity  is 
between  five  and  six  hundred  and  its  value  is  fifteen 


482 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


thousand  five  hundred  dollars.  Mr.  Bagley  was 
ordained  April  10,  1883;  and  became  the  pastor, 
which  office  he  has  since  filled. 

Deacons  :  William  S.  Kain,  John  Miller,*  Datus 
Drury,  Benjamin  M.  Denny,  Thomas  E.  Arrison,* 
Theophilus  Fox,  William  Stout,  Thomas  T.  Ellis,* 
Mark  Bareford,*  William  T.  Spiegle.* 

Clerks:  William  W.  Kain,  Leaman  Eldridge, 
Jesse  C.  Dresser,  Thomas  I.  Dunlap.* 

Treasurers  :  Isaac  N.  Hugg,  M.D.,  John  Hob- 
son,  Theophilus  Fox,  Thomas  R.  Arrison,  James 
W.  Eldridge,  John  Dalley.* 

The  present  officers,  in  addition  to  those  above- 
marked  with  an  asterisk,  (*)  are, — 

Trustees ;  George  Leathwhite,  J.  Harry  Knerr, 
William  A.  Taylor,  John  Dalbey,  Robert  H. 
Comey,  George  Lovewell,  Thomas  I.  Dunlap; 
Chorister,  Walter  F.  Wolf  keil ;  Organist,  Anna  E. 
Quint ;  Superintendent  Sunday-school,  John  Dal- 
bey ;  Asst.  Supt.,  P.  W.  D.  Harvey ;  Secretary,  Dal- 
lis  Cann ;  Treasurer,  T.  I.  Dunlap ;  Librarian, 
Orme  W.  Horner  ;  Infant  School  Superintendent, 
Virginia  Osier  ;  Organist,  Anna  Wolfkeil. 

Tkinity  Baptist  Church  of  Camden  was 
organized  on  the  7th  day  of  December,  1871,  by  the 
adoption  of  a  church  covenant  and  articles  of  faith 
as  recorded  in  Rev.  T.  Hiscox's  "  Baptist  Church 
Directory,"  pages  154 to  177,  inclusive,  and  the  fol- 
lowing-named gentlemen  were  duly  elected  the 
officers  thereof:  For  office  of  deacons,  Thomas 
Peak,  J.  D.  Rogers  and  R.  H.  Morgan  ;  for  church 
clerk,  Thomas  W.  Wilkinson  ;  and  at  a  subsequen  t 
meeting  held  December  21,  1871,  the  following- 
named  gentlemen  were  elected  trustees:  Isaiah 
Woolston,  E.  E.  Read,  George  E.  Taylor,  William 
Groves,  Alfred  McCully,  John  Burr,  William 
Scudder. 

The  membership  of  the  church  numbered  about 
ninety-five.  Amongst  them,  we  may  mention 
Deacons  Thomas  Peak  and  wife,  J.  D.  Rogers 
and  wife,  R.  H.  Morgan  and  wife,  Deacon  Jacob  8. 
Collmgs,  Rev.  Charles  Sexton  and  wife,  Mrs.  E. 
Westcott,  Mrs.  Anna  Davis  and  Mrs.  Amy  Ander- 
son. In  a  few  days  after  the  election  of  the  tru-i- 
tees,  as  above  stated,  they  purchased  the  building 
known  as  the  Presbyterian  Meeting-house,  on 
Fifth  Street,  above  Market  Street,  in  Camden,  which 
purchase  was  ratified  by  the  church  December  28, 
1871,  and  on  the  7th  day  of  January,  1872,  the 
church  held  its  first  public  service.  Dr.  Weston,  of 
Crozer  University,  preaching  the  sermon. 

On  the  20th  day  of  February  the  church  received 
recognition  in  a  public  manner  by  pastors  and  lay 
members  of  a  number  of  churches  of  the  same 
faith   and  order,  the  Trinity   Church  being  re- 


presented by  J.  D.  Rogers,  E.  H.  Morgan  and 
Thomas  W.  Wilkinson.  The  recognition  services 
were  held  in  the  meeting-house  purchased  by  the 
church.  Dr.  Sanford,  of  Salem,  preached  the  ser- 
mon and  Deacon  Thomas  Peak  received  the  hand 
of  fellowship  from  the  council  by  the  hand  of  Rev. 
Mr.  Chambles,  pastor  of  the  North  Baptist  Church 
of  Camden. 

On  the  22d  day  of  April,  1872,  the  church,  by  a 
unanimous  vote,  invited  Rev.  A.  H.  Lung,  of  Ger- 
mantown,  Pa.,  to  become  its  pastor. 

June  2,  1872,  Rev.  A.  H.  Lung  entered  upon 
his  duty  as  pastor  of  the  church,  and  after  nine 
and  one-half  years  of  faithful  and  successful  labor 
he  resign-ed  on  March  27,  1882,  to  accept  a  position 
as  general  secretary  of  the  Home  Missionary  So- 
ciety of  the  State  of  New  York,  since  which  time 
the  church  has  been  very  successful  in  her  work 
under  the  leadership  of  Rev.  0.  A.  Adams,  who 
resigned  the  pastorate  in  June  of  the  present 
year  (1886). 

Seventh  Baptist  Church  is  situated  on 
Kaighn  Avenue.  The  society  that  owns  and  wor- 
ships in  this  church  is  composed  of  colored 
people.  It  was  during  the  year  1856  that  a  num- 
ber of  colored  citizens  of  Camden  met  at  the  house 
of  Mrs.  Mary  Colding,  at  No.  736  Chestnut  Street, 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Shiloh  Baptist  Church 
of  Philadelphia,  and  made  preparatory  arrange- 
ments toward  forming  a  Baptist  Church  in  Cam- 
den. Rev.  Sampson  White  conducted  a  series  of 
prayer-meetings,  in  the  houses  of  dilTerent  mem- 
bers, for  several  months  continuously,  and  organ- 
ized a  Sunday-school.  In  1857  the  first  public 
services  were  held  in  a  blacksmith's  shop,  which 
was  used  until  it  was  destroyed  by  fire,  in  1858. 

Rev.  David  Evans,  Abraham  Fisher  and  Eliza- 
beth Moses  then  took  an  active  part  in  keeping 
the  church  together,  and  meetings  were  held  in 
the  houses  of  Rev.  David  Evans  and  Mrs.  Moses. 
In  1867  Rev.  J.  M.  Francis  was  called  and  dur- 
ing his  pastorate  a  meeting-house  was  built.  In 
1873  Rev.  Moses  Wilcox  was  called  to  this  charge, 
and  at  once  adopted  measures  to  complete  a  two- 
story  brick  church  building,  forty  by  sixty  feet. 
The  pool  and  auditorium  were  placed  in  the  second 
story.  It  was  then  dedicated  as  the  Seventh  Bap- 
tist Church  of  Camden.  The  membership  increased 
in  numbers  under  its  pastor,  as  well  as  the  Sunday- 
school,  with  Abraham  Fisher  as  superintendent. 
In  1884,  through  the  instrumentality  of  Rev.  Moses 
Wilcox,  the  meeting-house  was  enlarged  and  an 
extension  of  twenty  feet  built  to  the  rear  of  it.  At 
present  the  church  has  two  hundred  and  sixty 
members,  and  the  Sunday-school  has  one  hundred 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


483 


and  seventy-five  pupils  and  teachers,  with  John 
W.  Saddler  as  superintendent.  This  church  has 
also  organized  a  Mission  Sunday-school  at  Broad- 
way and  Branch  Street.  Thirty  children  attend 
this  mission,  which  is  under  the  care  of  Mrs.  Isa- 
bella Shipley. 

Linden  Baptist  Chuech  had  its  beginning 
November  22, 1863,  when  Rev.  R.  S.  James,  pastor, 
David  S.  Stackhouse,  Joseph  Truman  and  M.  S. 
James  were  appointed  a  committee  of  the  North 
Baptist  Church  to  look  after  the  religious  needs 
of  the   northeastern  portion  of  the  city,  and  re- 
ported a  dearth  of  and  desire  for  religious   privi- 
leges, on   the  part  of  the  people  of  that  section. 
Religious  services  were  held  December  10th  of  the 
year  named.     Mr.  James  conducted  the  services 
in  the  Paper-Mill    School-house,  and  the  owner, 
John  B.  Thompson,  granting  its  use  for  the  pur- 
pose, a  Sunday-school  was    organized   December 
19th.  The  officers  then  chosen  were, — Superintend- 
ent, David  T.  Stackhouse  ;  Assistant  Superintend- 
ent, Robert  Charles;  Secretary,  Addle  McCully  ; 
Treasurer,  Mrs.  S.  A.  Tustin  ;  Librarian,  Edwin 
B.  Robbins.   The  work  began  December  27th,  with 
nine  teachers   and   thirty-six   pupils.     In   April, 
1864,  the  school  was  removed  to  the  office  of  Fur- 
bush  &  Gage's  machinery  factory,  and  from  thence 
to  the  house  of  Hiram  McCormick,  where  it  re- 
mained until  December  4th,  when  the  new  mission 
building  at  Tenth  Street  and  Penn  was  first  occu- 
pied.    In  1866  J.  H.  Kain  became  superintendent, 
and,  October  19,  1869,  was  succeeded  by  John  T. 
Bottomley,  who  still  fills  the  office.      In  1872  J. 
Willard  Morgan  was  made  secretary,  and  has  since 
performed  the  duties  of  that  position.     Under  this 
management  the  school  prospered,  and  through  it 
the  North  Baptist  Church  received  quite  an  ac- 
cession to  its  membership.     In  1880  ground  was 
purchased  at  Ninth  and  Linden,  and  a  neat  brick 
chapel  erected,  with  a  seating  capacity  of  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  in  the  audience-room.     This  chapel 
was  dedicated  free  ofdebt,  October  2, 1881.  Themis- 
sion  had  now  become  strong  enough  to  walk  alone 
and,  December  17,  1885,  the  twenty-second  anni- 
versary of  the  mission,  a  meeting  was  held,  at  which 
it  was  decided  to  constitute  a  church,  to  be  called  the 
Linden  Baptist  Church.   John  T.  Bottomley  and  B. 
M.  Denney  were  elected  deacons ;  Elmer  E.  Morton, 
clerk ;  William  Hall,  treasurer ;  and  J.  W.  Mor- 
gan, F.  W.  Cramer,  William  S.  Moslander,  William 
Hall,  Mary  B.  Howard  and  Agnes  Nash,  trustees. 
William  H.  Geistweit  accepted  a  call  to  the  pas- 
torate, and  was  ordained  January  25,  1886,  by  a 
council  of  Baptist  Churches,  which,  at  the  same 
time,  recognized  the  church,  preliminariy  to  its 


admission  into  the  West  New  Jersey  Baptist  As- 
sociation. 

St.  Paul's  Episcopal  Church.' — March  12, 
1830,  a  small  company  of  gentlemen  met  to 
consult  on  the  advisability  of  organizing  an  Epis- 
copal Church  in  the  town  of  Camden.  There  had 
been  occasional  services  of  the.  church  held  in 
Camden,  in  the  secondstory  of  the  building  known 
as  the  City  Hall,  at  the  present  site  of  Federal  Street 
Market,  for  some  time  previous,  by  several  clergy- 
men of  Philadelphia  who  had  agreed  among  them- 
selves "to  preach"  here  in  turn  on  Sunday  after- 
noon, "  so  that  it  should  have,  if  possible,  one  ser- 
vice of  the  church  on  every  Sunday."  In  the  first 
report  made  from  the  parish  after  its  organization, 
to  the  Diocesan  Convention,  the  congregation 
gave  acknowledgments  for  services  to  Rt.  Rev. 
Bishop  Onderdonk,  Rev.  Dr.  De  Lancey,  Rev. 
Messrs.  Bedell,  Douglass,  Mead,  Rutlidge,  Depuy, 
Hawks,  Boyd,  Van  Pelt,  Allen,  Jaquette,  Smith 
and  Tyng.  After  due  consultation  among  those 
assembled  at  this  preliminary  conference,  it  was 
"Resolved  that  the  meeting  do  now  institute  a 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  city  of  Cam- 
den, under  the  name  of  Zion  Church,  the  name 
subject  to  be  changed  if  deemed  advisable  at  the 
time  of  incorporation." 

On  March  26,  1830,  the  parish  was  organized 
and  incorporated  under  the  name  and  title  of"  The 
Rector,  Wardens  and  Vestrymen  of  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Camden."  The  first  wardens  of  the  new 
parish  were  Josiah  Harrison  and  Isaac  Welsh. 
The  vestrymen  were  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry,  Jere- 
miah H.  Sloan,  Richard  W.  Howell,  Gideon  V. 
Stivers,  Abraham  Browning.  Sr.,  Ebenezer 
Toole,  John  Browning,  Auley  McCalla,  Dr.  Samuel 
Harris  and  Morris  Croxall.  The  deputies  to  ask 
admission  to  the  convention  were  Josiah  Harri- 
son, Jeremiah  H.  Sloan  and  Richard  W.  Howell. 

The  first  convention  after  the  accession  of  Bish- 
op Doane  to  the  episcopate,  in  1832,  was  held  in 
Camden,  and  in  the  same  unpretending  "  upper 
room  of  the  City  Hall,"  which  had  been  used  for 
the  services  of  the  young  congregation,  and  in 
which  the  meetings  for  its  organization  and  incor- 
poration had  been  held.  In  September,  1833,  the 
Rev.  Samuel  Starr,  of  Connecticut,  was  appointed 
by  Bishop  Doane  as  a  missionary  to  the  church 
in  Camden  in  connection  with  the  old  St.  Mary's 
(Colestown)  Parish.  The  records  of  the  Camden 
Parish,  speaking  of  this  missionary,  say :  "  He  was 
a  man  of  singular  energy,  and  by  his  exertions  in 
the  effort  to  erect  a  house  of  worship  in  this  place, 

1  Compiled  from  an  hiatorical  sermon  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Gamson,  in 
1880,  tlie  fiftieth  annivoraary  of  this  parish. 


484 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


was  an  enterprise  ia  which  the  boldness  was  only 
equaled  by  the  success."  On  February  3,  1834, 
the  vestry,  under  his  energetic  influence,  took 
steps  toward  the  building  of  a  church.  The 
parish  records  state  that  "  The  lot  marked  No.  121 
in  the  Map  of  Camden,  and  situated  on  the  south 
side  of  Market  Street,  between  Fourth  and  Fifth, 
was  purchased  for  three  hundred  dollars,  and 
the  lot  adjoining  was  obtained  on  a  perpetual 
lease  on  payment  of  twenty-five  dollars  per  an- 
num ground-rent,  February,  1834."  The  cor- 
ner-stone of  the  church  building  was  laid  by 
Bishop  Doane  on  Tuesday,  April  22,  1834.  The 
venerable  Bishop  White  assisted  Bishop  Doane  in 
the  ceremonies.  The  basement-room  was  ready 
for  use  and  services  held  in  it  early  in  1835.  The 
entire  church  was  completed  the  same  year. 

On  June  1,  1835,  the  Bev.  Mr.  Starr,  who,  to 
this  time,  had  been  only  a  missionary  to  the  par- 
ish, was  elected  to  the  rectorship,  and  on  the  same 
day  the  building  was  consecrated  by  Bishop 
Doane  and  the  benediction  pronounced  by  Bishop 
White.  The  congregation  at  the  end  of  the  first 
year  had  twenty-one  communicants,  and  a  Sun- 
day-school had  been  opened  with  one  hundred 
children  in  attendance.  In  May,  1836,  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Starr  resigned,  and  on  July  25th,  Rev.  Francis 
P.  Lee  became  the  second  rector.  The  two 
churches  of  Camden  and  Colestown  were,  from  the 
beginning  of  the  former,  a  single  charge.  During 
the  two  years'  pastorate  of  Rev.  Mr.  Lee  the  num- 
ber of  communicants  at  St.  Paul's  increased  to 
forty-one  and  the  Sunday-school  was  in  a  prosper- 
ous condition.  On  his  resignation,  in  1838,  Rev. 
Henry  Burroughs  was  elected,  and  he  entered  on 
the  joint  charge  of  the  two  parishes  of  Camden 
and  Moorestown  on  November  20,  1838.  He 
retained  this  until  March  7, 1840,  when  the  church 
in  Moorestown  severed  its  connection  with  Cam- 
den, and  Mr,  Burroughs  was  left  with  the  rector- 
ship of  St.  Paul's  only.  On  July  9,  1843,  he 
wrote  to  the  vestry,  "  My  constitution  is  not 
suited  to  this  part  of  the  country,  and  I  find  myself 
most  reluctantly  compelled  to  resign  the  charge 
of  this  parish." 

On  August  23,  1843,  the  Rev.  Joseph  M.  Ly- 
brand  was  elected  to  the  pastoral  charge.  Under 
his  earnest  labors  the  congregation  grew  steadily. 
The  church  was  constructed  of  unhewn  stone,  and 
in  1846  a  resolution  was  passed  "  that  the  unhewn 
stone  of  the  church  he  covered  with  rough  casting, 
after  the  manner  of  the  State  House,  in  Trenton, 
and  squared,  in  imitation  of  stone." 

Among  the  earliest  of  the  institutions  for  parish 
aid  in  this  congregation,  and  one  which  did  much 


good  in  pecuniary  assistance  to  the  church,  was 
the  "Ladies'  Sewing  Society,"  which  was  formed 
in  1835.  The  object  of  this  organization  was  to 
assist  in  decreasing  the  debt  of  the  church  and 
render  general  aid.  In  1836,  according  to  a  record, 
the  vestry  "  thanked  the  society  for  a  splendid 
service  of  communion  plate  and  set  of  lamps  for 
the  pulpit."  The  society  ceased  to  exist  in  1860. 
According  to  its  last  report,  it  had  raised  for  the 
church  over  seven  thousand  dollars. 

In  1844  the  church  had  seventy-two  communi- 
cants, and  the  contributions  amounted  to  three 
hundred  and  eighty  dollars.  In  1847  the  number 
was  ninety,  and  the  contributions  eight  hundred 
and  thirty  eight  dollars.  Rev.  Lybrand  had  served 
as  rector  nearly  twelve  years ;  duringa  large  portion 
of  that  time  he  was  an  invalid,  but  his  zeal 
and  interest  in  his  work  did  not  abate.  He 
died  on  February  14,  1855.  Bishop  Doane 
said :  "  I  have  known  him  long  and  well.  I  never 
knew  a  better  man.  He  was  modest,  gentle  and 
quiet,  yet  firm,  fearless  and  indomitable.  He  said 
but  little,  but  always  what  was  wise  and  good  and 
true.  His  character  was  beautiful  and  his  services 
exemplary." 

The  vacancy  was  filled  on  July  8,  1855,  when  it 
was  "  Resolved  that  Rev.  Dr.  Joseph  F.  Garrison 
be  invited  to  become  the  rector  of  this  parish."  He 
entered  upon  his  duties  in  September  of  that  year, 
having  been  ordained  deacon  on  June  3, 1856.  The 
church  then  numbered  seventy-five  communicants, 
a  number  having  joined  the  St.  John's  Mission. 
There  were  one  hundred  and  fifty  children  in  the 
iSunday-school,  and  the  number  of  families  in  the 
parish  was  about  one  hundred.  In  1856  the  church 
building,  which  was  then  sixty-five  by  forty-three 
feet,  was  enlarged  by  adding  a  crucial  transverse, 
seventy  by  tweuty-five  feet,  with  a  recess  of  tea 
feet  behind  for  the  chancel.  On  January  29, 1859, 
the  church  was  re-opened,  Bishop  Doane  officiat- 
ing, and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Joseph  F.  Garrison  was  in- 
stituted into  the  rectorship.  The  cost  of  the  en- 
largement and  repairs  was  ten  thousand  five  hun- 
dred dollars;  all,  excepting  five  hundred  dollars, 
was  contributed  by  the  congregation.  One  of  the 
causes  which  called  for  the  election  of  a  rector  at 
Chews  Landing  Mission  was  the  necessity  of  Dr. 
Garrison  giving  some  time  to  the  Cooper  Street 
Mission.  A  Sunday-school  had  been  taught  there 
by  lay  members  of  the  parish.  In  1877  ground 
was  bought  and  a  neat  Gothic  building  of  brown 
stone  was  erected  for  this  mission.  In  the  new 
building  this  mission  has  been  increasing  under 
the  lay  reading  of  the  superintendent,  Charles 
Eldred,   and   later  of  Joseph   Trimble,  Jr.,  Rev. 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


485 


Henry  B.  Bryand  and  a  committee  of  lay  readers 
from  St.  Paul's  Guild. 

The  history  of  St.  Paul's  Parish  as  a  whole,  is 
the  record  of  a  quiet  growth,  marked  by  no  start- 
ling changes  nor  checkered  by  thrilling  incidents. 
Almost  the  only  thing  remarkable  about  it  is  the 
general  character  of  uniformity  which  has  per- 
vaded its  modes  of  work  from  the  beginning.  The 
ministerial  changes  in  St.  Paul's  Parish  have  been 
few.  It  has  had  but  five  ministers  in  fifty  years, 
and  thirty-seven  of  these  years  are  covered  by  the 
rectorship  of  Revs.  Joseph  M.  Ly brand  and  Joseph 
F.  Garrison. 

The  following  summary  from  the  parish  register 
shows  the  most  important  changes  from  1830  to 
1880: 

Church  Wardens,  Isaac  Welsh  and  Josiah  Harrison  (1830),  Thomas 
Chapman  (1841),  Richard  W,  Howell  (1843),  Edward  W.  Mumford 
(1845),  Dr.  0.  H.  Taylor  (1847),  Thoma*  P.  Carpenter  (1860),  Philip 
J.  Grey  (1870),  Alden  C.  Scovel  (1875),  Abraham  Browning  (1876), 
Marmaduke  B.  Taylor  (1882). 

Baptisms :  From  1830  to  1855,  265  ;  from  1865  to  1880,  562,— total, 
825.  Confirmations;  From  183'J  to  1856,  158;  from  1865  to  1880, 
372,— total,  530.  Marriages  :  From  1830  to  1855,  82  :  from  1865  to 
1882,  202,— total,  284,  Funerals  ■.  From  1830  to  1855,  139  ;  from 
1655  to  1880,  294, — total,  431.  Communicants  admitted  :  From  1830 
to  1855,  321 ;  from  1.855  to  1880,  720,— total,  1041.  Present  number 
of  communicants  on  the  register,  375.  Total  number  of  scholars 
iu  Sunday-school,  450.  Total  number  of  oflBcers  and  teachers  in 
same,  45. 

The  rectorship  of  Rev.  Dr.  Garrison  continued 
until  the  end  of  August,  1884.  He  was  elected 
in  June  of  that  year  to  the  "Morehead  Pro- 
fessorship of  Liturgies,  Canon  Law,  and  Eccle- 
siastical Polity  in  the  Divinity  School  in  Phila- 
delphia," and  having  accepted  the  position,  resign- 
ed the  parish  to  enter  on  its  duties  in  the  Septem- 
ber following. 

In  December  of  this  same  year  Rev.  Thomas  A. 
Tidball,  D.D.,  of  Lexington,  Ky.,  was  elected  as 
his  successor,  and  on  January  11, 1885,  entered  on 
his  duties  as  the  sixth  rector  of  the  parish. 

On  the  accession  of  Dr.  Tidball  to  the  rector- 
ship, a  vigorous  move  was  made  to  improve  or 
increase  the  church  property,  which  move  resulted 
in  the  vestry  authorizing  (on  July  22,  1885)  the 
erection  of  parish  buildings  in  the  rear  of  the 
church,  costing  about  ten  thousand  dollars,  and 
the  rebuilding  of  the  church,  at  a  cost  of  five 
thousand  dollars,  fitted  with  memorial  furni- 
ture costing  one  thousand  dollars.  Since  then  the 
church  building  has  been  re-roofed  and  improved  at 
an  expense  of  above  six  or  eight  thousand  dollars. 
This  parish  notonly  keeps  up  its  missionary  charge 
of  the  chapel  at  Twefth  and  Cooper  Streets,  but  is 
carrying  on  a  vigorous  mission  at  Cramer's  Hill, 
in  the  neighborhood  of  the  city. 
58 


The  oflBcers  of  the  parish  for  1886,  are  :  Rector, 
Rev.  Thomas  A.  Tidball,  D.D. ;  Wardens,  Abra- 
ham Browning,  Esq.,  Marmaduke  B.Taylor;  Ves- 
trymen, Maurice  Browning,  William  E.  Laflferty, 
Samuel  H.  Grey,  Edward  R.  Shubrick,  Joseph 
Fearon,  William  J.  Sewell,  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor, 
James  H.  Carpenter,  Henry  C.  Alexander,  Robert 
F.  S.  Heath,  Wilson  H.  Jenkins,  Nathan  F.  Cowan, 
Harry  Humphreys,  Edward  H.  King;  Treasurer, 
William  E.  Lafferty;  Secretary,  James  H.  Car- 
penter. 

St.  John's  Episcopal  Church. — St.  John's 
Parish  was  incorporated  January  7,  1852,  having 
been  in  its  inception  a  mission  of  St.  Paul's  Parish, 
under  the  Rev.  Lybrand.  He  makes  this  first  men- 
tion of  it  in  May,  1847  :  "  Three  young  men  of 
the  congregation  have  devoted  themselves  and 
their  means  to  the  service  of  the  church,  and 
expect  soon  to  become  candidates  for  Holy  Orders. 
With  their  valuable  co-operation  and  with  means 
supplied  by  a  few  friends  in  Philadelphia,  I  have 
been  able  to  rent,  in  the  lower  part  of  the  city, 
three-fourths  of  a  mile  from  the  church,  a  school- 
house,  which  will  be  used  as  a  chapel  for  the 
benefit  of  a  much-neglected,  yet  interesting  and 
respectable,  portion  of  our  community.  A  flour- 
ishing Sunday-school  is  already  in  operation,  and 
as  soon  as  the  arrangements  are  completed,  I  shall, 
after  the  two  usual  services  at  the  church,  hold 
there  a  third  service  at  night.  So  rapidly  is  our 
population  increasing,  and  so  cheering  are  the 
prospects  of  the  church,  that  I  trust  this  little 
chapel  will  prove  the  beginning  of  what,  after  a 
few  years  of  fostering  care  will  become  a  second 
parish." 

The  work  was  carried  on  regularly  for  two  years, 
after  which  the  absence  of  the  candidates  for 
Holy  Orders  and  the  feeble  health  of  the  rector 
compelled  an  interruption.  In  the  fall  of  1851, 
Mr.  Elvin  K.  Smith  having  taken  Deacon's  Or- 
ders, returned  to  the  work,  and  organized  the 
parish,  remaining  with  it  until  August,  1858. 
Beginning  in  November,  1851,  services  and  Sun- 
day-school were  held  in  a  hall  at  Fourth  Street 
and  Spruce.  In  January,  1853,  ground  was 
purchased  at  Broadway  and  Roydon  Street,  and  in 
March  the  "  Floating  Chapel  of  the  Redeemer, 
for  seamen  of  the  port  of  Philadelphia,"  was 
bought,  removed  from  its  base  (two  canal-boats 
braced  together),  and  drawn  across  the  open  lots 
to  this  site.  The  removed  church,  newly  named 
St.  John's,  was  re-occupied  on  the  sixteenth  Sun- 
day after  Trinity,  September  11,  1853.  The  zeal 
of  the  parish  soon  began  to  reach  beyond  its  own 
borders.    In  October,  1854,  the  pastor  established 


486 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


a  weekly  cottage  lecture  in  the  village  of  Stockton, 
one  mile  south  of  the  church,  and  this  soon  devel- 
oped into  a  Sunday  afternoon  service,  with  Sun- 
day-school. Here  was  the  first  breaking  of  ground 
for  the  Church  of  Our  Saviour. 


.ST.    JOHN'S   EPISCOPAL   CHURCH. 


The  following  is  a  list  of  the  successive  rectors 
and  clergy  of  St.  John's  Parish  : 

Elvin  K.  Smith,  January  6,  18.'i2,  to  August:^,  1858. 
Thomaw  J.  Taylor,  lo^inn  lei/eiis. 
William  Paeemore,  July  1, 1859,  to  May  16,  I860, 
l)r,  Coliioun,  locinn  Icneyis. 

Hiarles  H,  Albert,  Aiigiist  7,  ISfid,  to  .\pril  2;),  ISfil, 
Tlieophilus  M,  Eoilly,  May  i5,  1861,  to  May  3,1870, 
William  M,   Keilly,  a^ociate  rectoi-  December  11,    1866  ;   rpctor, 
Way  3,  1870,  to  August  1,  1870. 
.Tohn  A.  Goodfellow,  deacon  in  cliarge. 
Alexander  Fullerton,  hciuti  tevenf:,  October  11,  1871. 
William  S.  Boarrlman,  March  31,  187w,  to  August  1,  1874. 
Joseph  P.  Taylor,  January  14,  1875,  to  July  26,  18811. 
Alfred  Louderbach,  locinii  ten^^ns. 
John  Dows  Hills,  deacin  in  charge,  December  12,  1880, 

The  present  rector,  Rev.  John  Hardenbrook 
Townsend,  entered  upon  his  duties  October  18, 
1881. 

Just  cleared  of  debt  and  renovated,  the  dearly- 
loved  building,  thrice  consecrated  by  formal  act, 
by  a  quarter-century  of  holy  rites,  by  the  toils 
and  tears  for  its  redemption,  the  holy  house  acci- 
dentally took  fire  on  the  morning  of  Christmas 
day,  1870,  and  in  a  short  hour  was  a  heap  of 
smoking  ruins.     Did  it  seem  a  whole  burnt-offering 


unto  the  Lord,  devoting  anew  the  hearts  of  His 
people  to  fresh  efforts  for  their  Zion  ?    So  we  may 
read  the  prompt  resolution  of  the  rector,  wardens 
and  vestry  to  replace  the  old  frame  building  by  a 
beautiful  stone  Gothic  structure.    The  corner-stone 
was  laid  on  April  21st,  and  the  build- 
ing opened  for  worship  December  3, 
1871.  During  the  winter  of  1884-85 
the  parish  building  was  built,  and 
the    interior    decorated.       On  •  St. 
George's   day,   April  23,  1885,  the 
church  was  consecrated  and  the  par- 
ish building  formally  opened  by  the 
bishop  of  the  diocese.    The  erection 
and  enlargement  of  the  parish  build- 
ing has  been  naturally  accompanied 
by  the  formation  of  the  parish  guild, 
with  its  various  auxiliary  societies, 
and  by  the  organization  of  St.  John's 
Workingmen's  Club  and  Institute. 
Branch  Sunday-schools  have  been 
established  at  several  points  within 
the  parish  limits  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  the  increasing  member- 
ship. 

The  Church  of  Our  Saviour. 
—In  October,  1854,  the  Rev.  Elvin 
K.Smith,  rectorof  St.  John'sChurch 
began  a  weekly  cottage  lecture  at 
the  village  of  Stockton,  now  known 
as  the  'Eighth  Ward  of  Camden, 
where  there  were  a  few  families 
desirous  of  worshipping  God  after  the  manner  of 
their  fathers.  This  service  was  maintained  with 
var3'ing  degrees  of  regularity  and  success  for  sev- 
eral years. 

In  September,  1857,  Mr.  Thomas  Lyle,  a  candidate 
for  Holy  Orders,  became  Sunday  lecturer,  holding 
service  every  Sunday  afternoon  in  an  upper  room, 
specially  set  apart  and  furnished  for  that  purpose, 
in  the  house  of  John  Otten,  the  rector  of  St. 
John's  preaching  once  a  month,  and  celebrating 
the  communion  once  in  two  months.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1859,  steps  were  taken  to  organize  a  parish,  to 
be  known  as  the  Church  of  Our  Saviour,  Stockton, 
■and  at  a  meeting  held  for  this  purpose  the  follow- 
ing were  elected  as  wardens  and  vestrymen :  Senior 
Warden,  John  Hare  Otten;  Junior  Warden, 
Henry  Davis;  Vestrymen,  Charles  Drake,  0.  J- 
Search,  Henry  B.  Wilson,  Gabriel  Johnson, 
Richard  Bunting  and  James  Green.  This  ofgani- 
zation,  however,  was  dissolved  in  1864.  On  the  19th 
of  July,  1867,  the  parish  was  reorganized  ;  and, 
after  various  struggles,  in  the  latter  part  of  1873, 
at  the  instance  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Garrison,  dean  of 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


487 


the  convocation  of  Burlington,  steps  were  again 
taken  to  reorganize  it.     In  1867,  largely  through 
the  efforts  of  Mr.  Patroni,  a  brick  building  situ- 
ated on  Van  Hook  Street,  near  the  West  Jersey 
Railroad,  which  had  formerly  been  used  as  a  Baptist 
meeting-house,  was  purchased,  and  services  were 
held   in  it  until  a  lot  of  ground,  situated  at  the 
aoutheastcornerof  Broadway  and  Viola  Street,  was 
deeded  by  the  Manufacturers'  Land  Improvement 
Company  to  the  rector,  wardens  and  vestry,  and  a 
new  building  erected  thereon.     It  was  constructed 
of  stone  donated  by  John  Powell,  of  Camden;  the 
other  materials  being  supplied  by  members  of  the 
parish  and  others  interested  in  its  welfare.     The 
corner-stone  was  placed  in,  November,  1880.     In 
November,  1882,  just  about  two  years  after  the 
laying  of  the  corner-stone,  the  building,  free  from 
debt,   was   consecrated  by  the  Right   Rev.  John 
Scarborough,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  New  Jersey.     From 
the  last  reorganization,  in  1873,  until  1879  services 
were  held  chiefly  by  the  Rev.  Rees  C.  Evans,  of 
Gloucester,  and  students  from  the  West  Philadel- 
phia Divinity  School,  among  whom  were  Messrs. 
Winskill,  Waller,  Powell,  Heffern,    Bagnall  and 
Post.    Jn  November,  1 879,  the  Rev.  P.  C.  Creve- 
ling,  then  a  teacher   in   Mr.   Reilly's   school,  in 
Burlington,  began,  by  appointment  of  the  bishop, 
to  hold  services.     He  continued  a  year  and  three 
months.     Shortly  after  his  withdrawal,  Rev.  J.  L. 
McKim,  of  St.  Mary's  Hall,  Burlington,  assumed 
charge  of  the  pariah  and  held  regular  Sunday  and 
occasional  week-day  services  until  Advent,  1882. 

On  the  first  Sunday  in  Advent  of  that  year  the 
Rev.  Wm.  B.  Thorn  entered  upon  his  duties  as 
rector  of  the  parish.  The  officers  at  the  present 
time  (August,  1886)  are,— Rector,  Rev.  Wm.  B. 
Thorn;  Senior  Warden,  A.  A.  Shull;  Junior 
Warden,  Jaa.  F.  Sharp;  Vestrymen,  Lewis  K. 
Kinsell  (secretary),  John  Cottrell,  Richard  Bunt- 
ing, Thos.  McKenna,  John  Warnock,  Jr.,  Benj. 
Thomas  and  John  W.  Brooks. 

The  First  Peesbyteeian  Chuech.  ' — The 
Presbytery  of  West  Jersey  organized  a  church  in 
Camden,  September  27,  1840,  which  consisted  of 
twelve  members.  The  Rev.  Alexander  Heberton, 
of  Salem,  N.  J.,  was  called  to  the  pastoral  charge. 
Upon  his  declination  of  the  call,  the  Rev.  William 
L.  McCalla  was  invited  to  become  the  stated  sup- 
ply of  the  new  church  for  a  service  of  six  months. 
This  invitation  was  accepted  by  him.  An  effort 
was  made  to  erect  a  house  of  worship,  a  lot  of 
ground  having  been  given  by  Mrs.  Alexander 
Henry,  of  Philadelphia,  and  some  eight  hundred 

1  By  Eev.  Marcus  A.  Brownson. 


dollars  having  been  subscribed,  as  the  beginning 
of  a  building  fund.  It  was  found  impossible  to  ac- 
complish the  desired  object.  The  enterprise  was 
abandoned,  and,  after  a  struggling  existence  of  one 
year  and  two  months,  the  church  was  disbanded, 
on  December  1,  1841. 

On  the  25th  of  June,  1846,  the  present  organiza- 
tion came  into  being,  by  act  of  the  Presbytery  of 
West  Jersey.  On  the  6th  of  October,  of  the  same 
year,  the  congregation  presented  a  call  to  the  Rev. 
Giles  F.  Manwaring,  of  the  Presbytery  Of  New  York, 
and  on  the  13th  of  April,  of  the  following  year, 
he  was  installed  pastor.  William  Howell  was  the 
first  elder.  He  was  installed  on  the  day  of  the 
organization  of  the  church,  June  25,  1846.  The 
beginnings  of  the  church  were  small.  Two  Pres- 
byterian families  were  all  of  this  persuasion 
known  when  Mr.  Manwaring  commenced  his  work. 
In  a  school-house  in  Third  Street,  between  Market 
and  Plum  (now  Arch),  the  congregation,  varying 
in  size  from  eight  persons  to  twenty-one,  including 
children,  worshipped  for  a  few  weeks.  In  April 
of  1846  the  City  Hall,  then  on  Federal  Street, 
above  Fifth,  was  secured  for  a  place  of  worship, 
and  this  continued  to  be  the  sanctuary  until  the 
rapidly-growing  congregation  made  application  to 
the  Presbytery  for  an  organization,  which  was 
granted  in  June  of  1846,  as  stated  above.  Imme- 
diately after  this  it  was  resolved  to  erect. a  church 
building.  The  lot  of  ground  before  donated  by 
Mrs.  Alexander  Henry,  and  situated  on  Fifth 
Street,  between  Market  and  Cooper,  was  again 
secured  through  her  gift.  The  corner-stone  of 
the  building  was  laid  October  28,  1846.  The 
building  was  completed  eighteen  months  after- 
ward. Its  cost  was  five  thousand  dollars.  The 
Presbyterian  Churches  of  Bridgeton,  Pittagrove, 
Cedarville,  Salem,  Woodbury,  Trenton,  Paterson 
and  Burlington  assisted  in  the  forming  of  a  build- 
ing fund.  Mr.  Manwaring  resigned  his  charge 
in  1848,  leaving  a  church  of  fifty-three  communi- 
cant members.  He  died  a  few  years  after.  A 
board  of  trustees  was  organized  in  1848.  Joseph 
Pogue  was  made  president  and  Auley  McCalla, 
secretary  and  treasurer. 

Rev.  Robinson  P.  Dunn,  D.D.,  the  second  pas- 
tor, was  installed  on  November  1, 1848.  He  was  a 
scholarly  preacher,  and  a  cultivated  Christian  gen- 
tleman. During  his  ministry  of  two  years  and  ten 
months  forty  persons  were  added  to  the  member- 
ship of  the  church.  His  resignation  was  oflFered 
and  accepted  April  24,  1851,  when  he  became 
professor  of  belles-lettres  in  Brown  University, 
Providence,  R.  I.  He  has  since  passed  from 
earth.    The  Rev.  Levi  H.  Chriatian  was  called  to 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


the  pastoral  office  in  the  same  year,  1851;  he 
remained  with  the  church  for  two  years  and  five 
montlis.  During  his  ministry  forty-five  persons 
united  with  the  church. 

Rev.  Daniel  Stewart,  D.D.,  began  his  labors  as 
pastor  of  the  church  on  April  1,  1854.     Until  this 


FTERT   PRESBYTERIAN    CHURCH. 

time,  since  the  organization  of  the  church,  the 
Board  of  Home  Missions  had  regularly,  each  year, 
supplied  financial  aid.  Nowthe  church  became  self- 
sustaining.  The  church  building  was  enlarged  in 
1856,  at  a  cost  of  two  thousand  seven  hundred  and 
fifty  dollars.  Two  years  later,  the  Sabbath-school 
rooms  were  re-furnished,  the  money  necessary  for 
the  improvement  having  been  secured  through  the 


efforts  of  the  officers  and  teachers  of  the  Sabbath- 
school. 

The  Second  Presbyterian  Church  was  organized 
by  the  Presbytery  of  Burlington  on  March  1,  I860. 
The  city  of  Camden  and  vicinity,  by  action  of  the 
Synod  of  New  Jersey,  a  short  time  before  had  been 
transferred  from  the  Pres- 
bytery of  West  Jersey  to 
that  of  Burlington.  Isaac 
Van  Horn,  an  elder  of  the 
First  Church,  was  then 
dismissed,  at  his  own  re- 
quest, with  fourteen  other 
members,  to  form  the  new 
organization.  The  enter- 
prise had  the  hearty  co- 
operation of  the  parent 
church,  and  for  some  years 
substantial  aid  was  given 
to  assure  its  success.  Dr. 
Stewart  resigned  his  charge 
in  1861.  He  is  now  living 
--  in  the  city  of  Minneapolis. 

J^;^  He  was  a  most  faithful  pas- 

'-v^  torand  a  forciblepreacher. 

''%,,i^^/  -  -  Rev.  Villeroy  D.  Reed, 

-^3SS-#5Ji  D.  D.,  became  the  pastorof 

I'  ,:  ^J     ^k^.i-  the  church   in  1861,  and 

,     :  J=:      --^-'~-  -:?   -  for  twenty-three  years  con- 

-r        &       -/y-  tinned    his    labors.     His 

earnest  preaching  was  fol- 
lowed by  most  blessed 
spiritual  results  through 
his  ministry  here.  There 
were  constant  addilions  to 
tlie  membership  of  the 
church.  Upon  one  occa- 
sion thirty-two  persons 
confessed  their  failhinthe 
Christ ;  upon  another  forty- 
eight  persons  entered  the 
church  by  this  method  of 
admission.  Through  the 
course  of  Dr.  Reed's  min- 
istry three  hundred  and 
twenty-eight  were  received 
"on  profession  of  faith." 
The  whole  number  which  have  been  added 
in  this  manner  and  by  letters  of  dismission  from 
other  churches,  is  seven  hundred  and  forty-seven. 
TheChristian  character  of  Dr.  Reed  and  his  faithful 
work  will  long  be  cherished.  During  his  ministry 
the  house  of  worship  now  occupied  by  the  con- 
gregation was  erected.  Its  corner-stone  was  laid 
on  the  22d  of  June,  1871.     The  building  was  com- 


li  I 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


489 


pleted  and  dedicated  to  the  praise  of  the  Triune 
God  on  the  1st  day  of  June,  1873.  Its  entire  cost, 
including  the  lot  of  ground  on  which  it  stands,  the 
building  itself,  the  furniture  of  chureh  and  chapel, 
the  organ  and  heating  apparatus,  was  ninety-five 
thousand  dollars.  Mr.  S.  D.  Button  was  the  arch- 
itect. The  main  building  is  sixty-five  feet  wide  by 
one  hundred  and  eight  feet  deep,  and  the  tower  is 
twenty  feet  square  at  the  base,  and,  including  the 
spire,  is  one  hundred  and  ninety-six  feet  high. 
The  church  is  built  of  three  shades  of  stone,  viz.  : 
Connecticut  brownstone,  West  Chester  greenstone 
and  Ohio  bluestone,  presenting  an  attractive  ap- 
pearance. The  chapel,  connected  with  the  main 
building,  and  built  of  the  same  material,  is  two 
stories  high  and  forty-one  feet  front  by  eighty-one 
feet  deep.  The  style  of  architecture  is  Roman 
and  Gothic.  The  seating  capacity  of  the  church 
is  twelve  hundred. 

The  following-named  gentlemen  composed  the 
building  committee  :  Albert  W.  Markley  (chair- 
man), John  F.  Starr,  Peter  L.  Voorhees,  Charles 
Stockham,  J.  L.  R.  Campbell,  John  Morgan, 
Charles  A.  Sparks. 

The  committee  on  subscriptions  was  made  up  of 
the  following-named  gentlemen  :  Joseph  D.  Rein- 
both  (chairman),  Wm.  Fewsmith  (secretary), 
Gerard  R.  Vogels,  Wm.  Curtiss,  J.  L.  R.  Camp- 
bell, James  H.  Stevens,  Thomas  Fitzgerald,  Chris- 
topher A.  Bergen,  Randal  E.  Morgan  and  Isaac 
Hackett. 

The  panic  in  the  money  market  of  1873  was  felt 
in  the  financial  operations  of  the  congregation. 
The  result  was  a  debt  of  forty  -five  thousand  five 
hundred  dollars.  The  interest  on  this  indebted- 
ness was  promptly  paid  each  year  when  due,  and 
year  after  year  the  obligation  was  reduced  in 
amount.  But  it  was  not  until  the  beginning  of  the 
year  1886  that  the  mortgage  upon  the  building  was 
canceled.  On  January  20, 1885,  the  indebtedness 
was  found  to  be  nineteen  thousand  dollars.  It 
was  determined  by  the  congregation  to  remove 
this  during  that  year;  and  on  Sabbath  morning, 
December  27,  1885,  the  debt  fund  was  completed. 
The  gentlemen  and  ladies  who  composed  the  com- 
mittee, by  whose  efforts  the  money  was  secured, 
were:  Edward  F.  Nivin  (chairman),  Randal  E. 
Morgan  (trustee),  Frederick  A.  Rex  (secretary), 
Wm.  Fewsmith,  Gerard  R.  Vogels,  L.  T.  Uerousse, 
L.  H.  Kellam,  Charles  Danenhower,  S.  T.  Ringel, 
Thomas  S.  Collings,  Frank  H.  Burdsall,  Wm.  M. 
Davison,  C  M.  Williams,  R.  P.  Stewart,  H.  O. 
Hildebrand,  G.  H.  Higbee,  Mrs.  F.  C.  Woolman, 
Miss  Annie  M.  Robeson,  Mrs.  John  F.  Starr,  Jr., 
Miss  Belle  Fitzgerald,  Mrs.  Frank  Williams,  Miss 


Laura  Vogels,  Mrs.  John  W.  Yeatts,  Miss  Hettie 
Porter,  Mrs-  G.  Buckwalter,  Mrs.  H.  C.  Felton  and 
Mrs.  M.  Hoffman. 

The  Rev.  Marcus  A.  Brownson  was  installed 
pastor  of  the  church  November  13,  1884,  and  con- 
tinues in  the  pastoral  oflnce.  The  other  oflicers 
are  (1886)  as  follows  :  Elders,  John  S.  Chambers 
(clerk  of  session),  Wm.  Fewsmith,  Carlton  M. 
Williams,  William  B.  Robertson,  H.  0.  Hilde- 
brand, Charles  Danenhower,  Gerard  R.  Vogels  and 
Andrew  Abels. 

The  following  gentlemen  have  held  the  ofiice  of 
elder  in  this  church,  namely,  William  Howell, 
George  H.  Van  Gelder,  Isaac  Van  Horn,  James 
H.  Stevens,  William  Hart,  Joseph  D.  Eeinboth, 
John  Aikman,  George  W.  N.  Custis,  Jacob  H. 
Yocum,  John  F.  Starr,  James  A.  Armstrong,  M.D., 
Asa  L.  Curtis,  Wm.  Howard  Curtiss  and  Robert 
P.  Stewart. 

Deacons,  A.  T.  Dobson,  M.D.  (treasurer),  Wm. 
J.  Searle,  Wm.  G.  Garland,  George  W-  Cole,  and 
Wm.  H.  Hunterson,  Jr. 

Triistees,  John  F.  Starr  (president),  Wm.  Few- 
smith  (treasurer),  Edward  F.  Nivin  (secretary), 
Randal  E.  Morgan,  D.  T.  Gage  and  L.  T.  De- 
rousse. 

The  diaconate  has  been  held  also  by  J.  V. 
Schenck,  M.D.,  B.  F.  Davis,  Thomas  Fitzgerald 
and  James  A.  Armstrong,  M.D. 

The  following  have  been  members  of  the  board 
of  trustees,  namely :  Joseph  Pogue,  George  W. 
Helmbold,  George  W.  Carpenter,  Joseph  Cas- 
ner,  William  Howell,  A.  McOalla,  J^hu  Osier,  S- 
L.  Stinson,  Thomas  McKeen,  J.  V.  Schenck,  M.D., 
L,  C.  Cake,  James  Caldwell,  John  Morgan,  Chas. 
P.  Stratton,  Peter  L.  Voorhees,  Leander  N.  Ott, 
Charles  J.  Hollis,  Isaac  Van  Horn,  E.  R.  Johnson, 
James  H.  Stevens,  C.  P.  Vanderveer,  A.  W. 
Markley,  H.  Vanuxem,  G.  W.  N.  Custis,  8.  L. 
Davis,  Wm.  Curtiss,  John  S.  Chambers,  Ch.  A. 
Bergen,  D.  Caldwell,  Jno.  Stockham,  Ch.  Stock- 
ham,  M.  McDonald,  J.  L.  R.  Campbell,  A.  J. 
String  and  S-  T.  Ringel. 

The  communicant  membership  of  the  church  is 
five  hundred ;  the  congregation  numbers  eight  hun- 
dred and  fifty.  The  church  and  congregation  are 
enjoying  great  prosperity. 

The  Sabbath-school  had  its  beginning  in  the 
year  1846-  The  basement  of  the  building  on 
Fifth  Street  from  the  time  of  its  completion  was 
devoted  to  this  purpose.  The  first  organization 
was  very  informal.  S.  D.  Wyeth  was  the  superin- 
tendent for  several  years.  In  January,  1855,  while 
S.  D.  Wyeth  was  superintendent,  the  school  was 
organized  with  a  constitution,  since  which  time 


490 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


full  records  have  been  kept.  J.  D.  Higgins  was 
elected  superinteudent,  with  William  Fewsmith  as 
assistant,  and  Peter  L.  Voorhees,  secretary  and 
treasurer,  at  the  first  election  under  the  constitu- 
tion. May  1855.  Forty-six  persons  became  mem- 
bers of  the  Sabbath-school  Association.  Of  these, 
Wm.  Fewsmith,  Peter  L.  Voorhees,  Henry  Van- 
uxem,  B.  F.  Jaggers  and  Miss  Cornelia  Ackley  are 
still  active  in  the  Sabbath-school  work. 

From  1855  till  the  present  time  the  following- 
named  persons  have  filled  the  office  of  superin- 
tendent,—J.  D.  Higgins,  1855;  James  H.  Stevens, 
1861 ;  Peter  L.  Voorhees,  1863  ;  J.  D.  Reinboth, 
1868;  James  H.  Steven.s,  1871;  Peter  L.  Voorhees, 
1872;  J.  H.  Yooum,  1873;  Christopher  A.  Bergen, 
1875 ;  Asa  L.  Curtis,  1880  ;  C.  M.  Williams,  1883. 

Large  additions  to  the'membership  of  the  church 
have  been  made  from  the  Sabbath-school :  In 
1860,  thirty;  in  1883,  sixteen;  in  1884,  twenty- 
three;  in  1885,  thirty-three;  in  1886,  forty-three; 
and  in  other  years  smaller  additions. 

About  two  hundred  and  fifty  scholars  have 
united  with  the  church  since  1870,  according  to 
the  record  kept  by  the  present  secretary,  Gerard 
R.  Vogels.  One  hundred  and  eighteen  of  the 
scholars  now  in  the  school  are  members  of  the 
church.  The  contributions  of  money,  for  the  work 
of  the  schools  and  for  benevolent  purposes,  have 
averaged  more  than  four  hundred  dollars  each  year. 
In  1885  the  school  contributed  one  thousand  and 
thirty-two  dollars,  the  most  of  which  was  applied 
toward  the  liquidation  of  a  debt  upon  the  church. 
The  school  has  two  main  divisions, — the  Primaiy 
and  Intermediate  Department,  and  the  Adult  De- 
partment and  Bible  Classes.  In  the  former,  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty-five  scholars  are  enrolled,  in  the  latter 
there  are  thirty-one  classes  and  two  hundred  and 
eighty-five  scholars.  The  officers  are  as  follows : 
General  Superintendent,  Carlton  M.  Williams ; 
Assistant,  Robert  P.  Stewart;  Superintendent  of 
Primary  and  Intermediate,  H.  0.  Hildebrand  ;  As- 
sistant, John  W.  Yeatts  ;  Secretary  and  Treasurer, 
Gerard  R.  Vogels  ;  Assistant,  Miss  Edith  J.  Sleep- 
er; Librarian,  Benjamin  F.  Jaggers;  Assistants, 
J.  F.  Sleeper,  F.  H.  Reeder  and  Albert  E.  Clark ; 
Associate  Librarian,  W.  H.  Hunterson,  Jr.;  As- 
sistant, A.  H.  Allen ;  Organists,  Fred.  T.  Baker 
and  Mrs.  H.  O.  Hildebrand. 

The  Central  Mission  School  was  organized  May 
9,  1886,  in  No.  840  Federal  Street,  with  sixty 
scholars  and  the  following  officers  :  Superinten- 
dent, Thomas  S.  Ceilings ;  Assistant,  William  J. 
Searle;  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  R.  C.  Jones; 
Librarian,  AVm.  C.  Temple ;  Organist,  Mrs-  B.  F. 
Stiles. 


The  Second  Presbyterian  Church'  was  or- 
ganized on  the  1st  of  March,  1860,  and,  to  use  the 
language  of  its  first  pastor,  it  "was  launched  into 
being  under  the  fostering  care  of  the  First  Pres- 
byterian Church,  being  born,  not  as  new  churches 
sometimes  are,  out  of  disaffection  or  controversy, 
but  out  of  love  for  the  Master  and  for  the  exten- 
sion of  His  kingdom." 

The  Central  Church,  situated  at  the  corner  of 
Fourth  Street  and  Hartman,  after  a  short  and 
precarious  existence,  had  quietly  succumbed  to  the 
force  of  circumstances  and  had  been  dissolved  by 
the  New  School  Presbytery  of  Philadelphia.  For 
several  years  after  its  dissolution  no  attempt  had 
been  made  to  reoccupy  the  field  in  which  it  had 
stood.  In  1859,  however,  Rev.  Dr.  Daniel  Stewart, 
pastor  of  the  First  Church,  urged  upon  his  people 
the  importance  of  forming  another  Presbyterian 
Church.  A  meeting  for  this  purpose  was  called 
for  March  23,  1859,  at  which  a  committee,  com- 
posed of  Isaac  Van  Horn,  Thomas  McKeen,  James 
H.  Stevens,  George  W.  Carpenter,  Sr.,  and  Gilbert 
Bulson,  were  appointed  "to  seek  out  and  secure 
one  or  more  sites  of  church  edifices  in  suitable 
location,  and  in  the  event  of  finding  such  loca- 
tion, to  erect  a  temporary  edifice  for  the  purpose 
of  worship  and  Sabbath-school  instruction."  This 
committee,  through  the  influence  of  Mr.  Van  Horn, 
purchased  from  E.  A.  Stevens,  of  Hoboken,  N.  J., 
four  lots  of  ground  situated  at  the  corner  of  Fourth 
Street  and  Washington,  Mr.  Stevens  donating 
eight  hundred  dollars  of  the  purchase  money. 
These  lots  were  afterwards'^exchanged  for  the  lots 
upon  the  upper  side  of  the  same  square,  at  Fourth 
Street  and  Benson,  the  site  of  the  present  church, 
where  a  chapel  was  built,  at  a  cost  of  nineteen 
hundred  dollars,  the  money  having  been  contrib- 
uted mainly  by  members  of  the  Firat  Church, 
who,  at  their  next  congregational  meeting,  upon 
recommendation  of  the  committee,  deeded  the 
whole  property  to  the  "  Trustees  of  the  Second 
Presbyterian  Church." 

The  Presbytery  of  Burlington  met  in  the  chapel 
March  1,  1860,  and  organized  the  church  with  a 
membership  of  twenty  persons,  viz. :  Robert  Bar- 
ber, Thomas  F.  Lambson,  Isaac  Van  Horn,  James 
Good,  Thomas  McKeen,  Emily  Barber,  Sarah  J. 
McKeen,  Mary  A.  Turtelot,  Mary  A.  Van  Horn, 
Elizabeth  Van  Horn,  Anne  E.  Clark,  Nancy  A. 
Hoxie,  Margaretta  Lambson,  Jane  Marshall,  Hen- 
rietta Smith,  Selina  O.  Turtelot  and  Ann  E.  Van 
Horn.  Upon  the  same  day  Mr.  Lewis  C.  Baker 
was  called,  ordained  and  installed  as  pastor  of  the 

1  By  Rev.  William  Boyd. 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


491 


churct.  Isaac  Van  Horn  and  Robert  Barber  were  set 
apart  to  the  office  of  the  eldership,  and  Isaac  Van 
Horn,  Thomas  McKeen,  Cyrus  Kellog,  James  Good, 
Thomas  F.  Lambson,  James  C.  Wright  and  J.  L. 
Prentiss  were  constituted  the  first  board  of  trus- 
tees. 

The  w^isdom  of  the  new  enterprise  and  the  ad- 
vantages of  its  location  soon  evidenced  themselves 
in  the  rapid  growth  of  the  Sabbath-school  and 
congregation.  The  chapel  was  often  uncomfort- 
ably crowded,  and  the  need  of  better  accommoda- 


SECOND   PRESBYTERIAN   CHUECH. 

tion  began  to  be  more  and  more  felt.  To  form 
the  nucleus  of  a  new  building  fund,  Messrs.  Van 
Horn  and  McKeen  fenced  in  the  square  of  ground 
lying  between  Washington  Street  and  Berkley 
and  Third  and  Fourth,  and  converted  the  in- 
closure  into  a  skating  park.  From  this  novel 
expedient  eighteen  hundred  dollars  were  realized, 
with  which,  as  a  basis,  Mr.  Baker,  in  1864,  agi- 
tated the  erection  of  a  new  church.  A  plan  was 
accordingly  procured  from  8.  D.  Button,  archi- 
■  tect,  and  in  April,  1865,  it  was  resolved  to  begin 
the  work.  Isaac  Van  Horn  and  Thomas  McKeen 
were  appointed  a  building  committee,  with  the 
pastor  as  an  advisory  member.    The  sudden  and 


lamented  death  of  Mr.  Van  Horn  before  the  com- 
pletion of  the  building  necessitated  the  addition 
of  his  son,  F.  C.  Van  Horn,  and  S.  L.  Stimson  to 
the  committee.  The  building  was  roofed  in  dur- 
ing the  summer  of  1865,  and  upon  the  first  Sabbath 
of  September,  1866,  was  solemnly  set  apart  to  the 
service  of  Almighty  God.  In  the  dedication  ser- 
vice the  First  Church  united,  its  former  pastor. 
Dr.  Stewart,  and  W.  C.  Cattell,  D.D.,  president  of 
Lafayette  College,  taking  a  prominent  part.  The 
cost  of  the  building  was  about  nineteen  thousand 
dollars. 

The  history  of  the  Second  Church  has  been  one 
of  constant,  steady,  healthy  growth.  Starting 
with  but  twenty  persons,  it  reported  to  the  last 
General  Assembly  a  membership  of  three  hundred 
and  fifty-five.  Its  Sabbath-school  is  large  and 
flourishing.  A  thriving  mission  is  sustained  in 
the  neat  building  recently  erected  at  the  corner  of 
Broadway  and  Atlantic  Avenue,  and  action  will 
soon  be  taken  looking  to  the  erection  of  a  new  and 
more  commodious  building  upon  the  site  of  the 
present  chapel  on  Fourth  Street. 

The  elders  from  the  beginning  have  been  Isaac 
Van  Horn,  Robert  Barber,  Solomon  L.  Stimson, 
Judge  George  S.  Woodhull,  William  Campbell, 
Alexander  Marcy,  M.D.,  James  Berry,  Reuben  F. 
Bancroft,  John  Callahan  and  Benjamin  O.  Titus  ; 
its  deacons  have  been  George  W.  Carpenter,  Jr., 
George  E.  Howes,  Alfred  M.  Heston,  David  B. 
Riggs,  Daniel  Donehoo  and  Francis  T.  Lloyd ; 
and  its  Sabbath-scliool  superintendents,  Judge 
Woodhull,  William  Getty,  James  Berry,  S.  Bryan 
Smith,  William  H.  Bancroft  and  John  Callahan. 

During  the  twenty-six  years  of  its  existence  the 
church  has  had  but  two  pastors.  For  more  than 
twenty-two  years  it  enjoyed  the  ministrations  of 
Mr.  Baker.  His  long  and  faithful  term  of  service 
had  atForded  opportunities  for  quickening  the  spir- 
itual life  of  the  people,  which  he  had  not  failed  to 
improve.  Beloved  both  within  and  beyond  the 
bounds  of  his  congregation,  it  was  a  matter  of 
wide-spread  regret  that  retirement  from  the  pulpit 
of  his  church  should  have  been  accompanied  by 
a  change  of  residence.  The  relation  which  had 
subsisted  between  him  and  his  first  charge  for 
nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  was,  at  his  own 
request,  dissolved  November  1,  1882.  He  now 
resides  in  Philadelphia,  devoted  to  literary  work, 
and  to  such  opportunities  of  preaching  the  Gospel, 
by  tongue  and  pen,  as  Providence  may  present. 

The  present  pastor,  Mr.  William  Boyd,  was  in- 
stalled May  2,  1883.  His  ministry  has  been 
greatly  blessed.  Large  accessions  have  been  made 
to  the   membership  of  the  church,  the  property 


492 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY:  NEW  JERSEY. 


has  been  modernized  and  improved  and  every  de- 
partment of  religious  work  has  been  sustained 
with  zeal  and  vigor. 

The  officers  of  the  church  as  at  present  consti- 
tuted are, — Elders,  Keuben  F.  Bancroft,  Alexan- 
der Marcy,  M.D.,  John  Callahan,  Benjamin  O. 
Titus,  John  Warnock,  David  B.  Riggs  and  Daniel 
Donehoo;  Deacons,  J.  H.  Troutman,  S.  H.  Sar- 
gent, Clarence  Yardley,  Valentine  S.  Campbell 
and  Edwin  S.  Titus;  Trustees,  Christopher  Bergen 
(president),  John  Warnock,  John  Callahan,  Ben- 
jamin O.  Titus,  William  T.  Waters,  David  B. 
Biggs,  Theodore  B.  Culver,  Lewis  H.  Archer,  and 
Stephen  A.  Sargent  (secretary.) 

The  Peesbyterian  Mission,  in  Memorial 
Hall,  Broadway,  below  Kaighn  Avenue,  is  the 
child  of  the  West  Jersey  Presbytery,  and  was  or- 
ganized as  a  colored  mission  on  the  first  Sunday  in 
August,  1886,  and  Rev.  T.  W.  Davenport  appointed 
to  the  charge.  A  Sunday-school,  with  three 
teachers  and  thirty  pupils,  was  organized  at  the 
same  time,  with  Theodore  Henson  as  superin- 
tendent. 

Trinity  German  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Church. — An  effort  was  made  in  1853  to  organize 
a  Lutheran  Church  in  Camden.  A  lot  was  pur- 
chased on  Pine  Street,  west  of  Fourth,  and  the 
foundation  laid  for  a  church  building.  The  min- 
ister was  the  Rev.  Georgii,  who  soon  afterward  re- 
turned to  Switzerland,  before  a  congregation  was 
organized  or  a  building  erected. 

In  October,  1857,  Rev.  F.  Herold  arrived  from 
Germany.  On  his  way  west  he  stopped  with  rela- 
tives in  Camden,  and  on  learning  that  a  large 
number  of  Germans  lived  here,  who  desired  to 
have  a  church  and  a  pastor  of  their  own  faith  in 
their  midst,  he  concluded  to  stay.  Services  were 
held  in  Reed's  Hall,  on  Federal  Street.  An  or- 
ganization was  effected  on  December  22d  of  the 
same  year.  The  congregation  numbered  seventy 
members.  The  following  were  the  first  church 
council :  John  Hager,  John  D.  Seybold,  Charles 
H.  Fackler,  John  Beck,  George  Bander,  John  M. 
Hertlein,  Philip  Dauer,  George  F.  Stephany, 
Emanuel  Schneider,  J.  Sommers  and  F.  Schilpp. 
The  congregation  adopted  a  constitution  and  by- 
laws for  its  regulation.  The  principal  points  in  it 
are :  The  pastor  is  obligated  to  preach  in  the  Ger- 
man language,  upon  the  foundations  of  the  apos- 
tles and  prophets  ;  the  unaltered  Augsburg  Con- 
fession and  Luther's  Catechism,  as  the  (^'onfession 
of  Faith  of  our  holy  Lutheran  Church,  to  be  the 
basis  of  all  the  teachings.  The  name  adopted  for 
the  congregation  was  "  Trinity  German  Evangeli- 
cal Lutheran." 


The  church  council  in  June,  1858,  purchased 
the  lot  on  which  the  church  stands.  The  funds 
available  for  building  a  church  were  very  small, 
as  the  majority  of  the  members  were  people  of 
limited  means.  The  pastor  visited  a  number  of 
the  congregations  of  the  German  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Ministerium  of  Pennsylvania,  and  solic- 
ited contributions.  The  members  of  the  vestry 
also  took  their  share  of  the  responsibility  and  col- 
lected from  friends  and  business  firms  wherever  an 
opportunity  offered,  and  in  May,  1861,  application 
was  made  to  the  Church  Extension  Society  of  the 
General  Synod,  and  five  hundred  dollars  secured. 
With  this  amount  the  work  went  on  rapidly,  and 
on  October  6,  1861,  the  dedicatory  services  were 
held. 

In  1864  the  school  building  at  Sixth  Street  and 
Market  was  purchased,  with  its  material,  a  build- 
ing, twenty  by  forty  feet,  erected  to  the  rear  of  the 
church,  and  the  parochial  school  opened.  In  Au- 
gust, 1865,  Rev.  F.  Herold  removed  to  Mascoutah, 
111.,  and  the  present  pastor,  Rev.  J.  C.  Dizinger, 
accepted  the  call  of  the  congregation. 

In  1870  the  lots  on  the  east  and  west  sides  of  the 
church  were  purchased  for  fifteen  hundred  dollars. 
George  Pfeiffer  contributing  one-third  of  the 
amount.  In  1872  the  church  was  repaired  and 
beautified  and  the  ground  surrounding  the  church 
improved.  In  1874  the  school-house  received  an 
addition  of  twenty  feet  in  length  and  the  latest  im- 
proved desks  were  obtained.  In  1883  a  large  pipe- 
organ  was  secured.  It  was  used  for  the  first  time  on 
the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  Luther's  birth. 
The  congregation  numbers  at  present  (1886),  three 
hundred  communicant  members.  It  has  a  Sunday- 
school  of  three  hundred  members,  a  parochial 
school  with  two  teachers  and  sixty  pupils.  A 
Funeral  Aid  Society  was  organized  in  1876,  which 
has  now  seven  hundred  members.  The  congregation 
is  in  connection  with  the  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Ministerium  of  Pennsylvania. 

Epiphany  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church. 
— Prior  to  the  year  1879  no  English  Lutheran 
congregation  existed  in  Camden.  At  the  fall 
meeting  of  the  First  District  Conference  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Synod,  a  committee  was  appointed 
to  canvass  the  city  for  Lutherans.  Several  meet- 
ings of  interested  persons  were  held  at  the  resi- 
dence of  George  Shinier,  No.  503  Linden  Street, 
the  outcome  of  which  was  the  organization  of,  a 
congregation  under  the  name  of  "  Epiphany  Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  Church."  The  first  service  of 
the  congregation  was  held  Sunday  evening,  No- 
vember 28,  1879,  in  Reed's  Hall,  at  the  corner  of 
Third  and  Federal  Streets.     Rev.  William  Schaef- 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


493 


fer,  of  Philadelphia,  conducted  the  worship  and 
preached  the  sermon.  He  had  charge  of  the  mis- 
sion from  that  time  until  the  close  of  the  following 
summer.  He  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  S.  L.  Sibole, 
then  a  student  in  the  Philadelphia  Seminary.  In 
June,  1881,  this  gentleman  was  ordained  and  reg- 
ularly installed  as  the  first  paster  of  the  new  con- 
gregation. He  served  the  mission  until  October, 
1882,  when  he  resigned  to  accept  a  call  to  St. 
Luke's  Church,  Philadelphia.  For  four  months 
the  pulpit  was  vacant,  when  Mr.  Clarence  K.  Bin- 
der, of  the  senior  class  of  the  Theological  Semi- 
nary assumed  charge,  and  was  installed  pastor  June 
10,  1883. 

Under  Rev.  Binder's  pastorate  the  congregation 
has  been  steadily  advancing.  A  fine  building  lot 
has  been  secured  at  the  corner  of  Seventh  Street 
and  Market,  and  it  is  the  intention  of  the  con- 
gregation to  erect  a  handsome  chapel. 

The  congregation  hold  services  at  present  in  the 
commodious  hall  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Third 
Street  and  Market.  The  membership  is  about 
one  hundred.  A  Sunday-school  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  congregation  since  its  formation. 
It  was  organized  with  eight  pupils,  which  number 
has  gradually  increased  until  at  the  present  time 
(1886)  there  are  over  two  hundred.  The  school  is 
under  the  care  of  the  pastor  as  superintendent, 
and  George  Boyer  as  assistant. 

Emanuel  United  Brethren  Church  is  sit- 
uated on  Line  Street,  above  Fourth.  In  1854  a 
small  number  of  the  German  population  living  in 
the  southern  part  of  Camden  conceived  the  feasi- 
bility of  organizing  a  German  Emanuel  Church  ; 
a  little  Sunday-school  had  been  started,  the  meet- 
ings being  held  in  the  house  of  Mrs.  Louisa 
Moushe,  on  Cherry  Street,  above  Third.  The  par- 
ents of  these  children  soon  took  an  active  interest 
in  the  welfare  of  the  school,  and  under  the  guid- 
ance of  the  Eev.  Adam  Hinkle,  preaching  in  the 
German  language  and  regular  Sunday  services 
were  held  at  the  above-mentioned  house.  The 
membership  increased,  the  school  prospered,  but 
they  were  unable  to  build  a  place  of  worship.  In 
1855  John  Warner,  a  philanthropist  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  a  warm  friend  of  Adam  Hinkle,  con- 
cluded to  build  a  church  for  this  congregation  at 
his  own  expense,  stipulating  that  the  preaching 
should  be  in  the  German  language,  that  the  church 
should  be  free  to  all  the  poor  people  of  Camden, 
and  that  the  congregation  should  be  under  the 
pastoral  care  of  the  Bev.  Adam  Hinkle-  In  Jan- 
uary, 1856,  the  corner-stone  of  the  present  church 
was  laid.  The  building  is  a  one-story  brick,  thir- 
ty by  fifty  feet,  and  was  dedicated  in  the  same 
59 


year.  The  Rev.  Adam  Hinkle  served  as  pas- 
tor for  more  than  twenty  years,  and  during  seven 
years  of  that  time  he  received  no  compensation. 
When  he  was  seventy  years  old  the  Conference 
sent  him  some  assistance.  In  1876  a  paralytic 
stroke  disabled  him,  and  he  never  fully  recovered 
his  health.  He  died  in  1881.  Since  his  death 
the  records  of  the  church  are,  in  a  measure,  in- 
complete, and  the  following  names  and  data  have 
been  furnished  by  Casper  Tenner,  one  of  the 
church  trustees,  who  has  served  continuously  since 
the  time  of  organization.  The  ministers  in  suc- 
cession were  Revs.  Adam  Hinkle,  Christian  Mey- 
ers, E.  Deyshur,  M.  Staetzel,  Daniel  Yengst,  Henry 
Early,  Nicholas  Gabal  and  Joseph  Bteltzer.  Dur- 
ing the  pastorate  of  Rev.  Mr.  Steltzer  there  was  a 
division  in  the  congregation,  and  a  portion  of  it 
formed  another  congregation.  The  original  con- 
gregation adopted  the  name  of  the  United  Breth- 
ren in  Christ.  Since  this  change  the  ministers 
who  have  officiated  are  David  Hoffman,  Gottlieb 
Meyers,  Frederick  List,  M.  Muller,  Frederick  List, 
H.  E.  Roediger  and  J.  H,  Unger,  whose  term 
closed  in  1885.  At  present  there  is  no  regular 
pastor,  and  services  are  conducted  every  Sunday 
afternoon  by  Rev.  John  Light,  of  Philadelphia. 

Bethel  Church  of  the  United  Brethren  in 
Christ  is  situated  on  Third  Street,  below  Walnut. 
During  the  summer  of  1878  the  Rev.  William  O. 
Shimp  conducted  open-air  services  under  the  au- 
spices of  this  denomination  at  diflferent  points  in 
Camden.  On  the  approach  of  cold  weather  these 
meetings  were  held  in  the  house  of  William  God- 
win, on  Third  Street,  below  Line.  A  mission  Sun- 
day-school was  also  started  at  this  house  and  con- 
tinued for  several  months.  There  were  only  eight 
members  of  the  original  congregation,  and  six 
children  in  the  mission  school.  In  1879  the  re- 
ligious services  and  the  Sunday-school  were  re- 
moved to  the  house  of  Mrs.  Hebler,  on  Pine  Street, 
below  Fourth,  and  the  same  year  a  board  of  trus- 
tees was  chosen  for  the  purpose  of  adopting  meas- 
ures to  build  a  church  or  rent  a  suitable  hall  in 
which  the  congregatipn  could  worship.  This 
board,  after  consideration,  recommended  the  rent- 
ing of  the  present  church,  which  is  owned  by  Miss 
Sallie  Stevens.  It  is  a  one-story  frame  building, 
and  was  built  for  a  mission  school.  It  formerly 
stood  on  Locust  Street,  but  was  removed  to  its 
present  location.  The  congregation  then  wor- 
shipped as  Independent  Wesleyau  Methodists,  but 
in  1880  the  name  was  changed  to  "  The  Methodists,'' 
with  a  Conference  in  Philadelphia,  under  the  di- 
rection of  Eev.  Dr.  Kirby.  In  1882  a  favorable 
opportunity  was  offered  to  this  church  to  unite 


494 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


with  the  Society  of  the  United  Brethren  in  Christ, 
and  soon  after  the  change  was  effected.  Since 
this  date  the  congregation  has  greatly  increased  in 
number,  and  fifty  children  have  been  added  to  the 
Sunday-school,  which  is  now  under  the  care  of  the 
pastor.  Early  in  1886  Eev.  William  0.  Shimp 
started  a  mission  for  services  and  Sunday-school 
in  the  frame  church  on  Eighth  Street,  above  Ferry 
Avenue,  lately  vacated  by  the  Scott  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  The  Sunday-school  connected 
with  the  mission  has  twenty-nine  members,  and 
is  superintended  by  William  Stephenson. 

ZiON  Church,  on  the  corner  of  Berkley  and 
William  Street,  is  a  branch  of  the  Evangelical 
Association  of  North  America.  The  Camden  con- 
gregation originated  in  1854,  when  the  Rev.  An- 
drew Ziegenfus,  a  minister  of  the  Evangelical  As- 
sociation of  Southwark  Mission,  Philadelphia, 
came  to  Camden  to  oiBciate  at  the  first  meeting  of 
this  denomination  held  in  this  city,  at  the  house 
of  Mrs.  Louise  Mousche,  and  for  a  number  of 
years  services  were  held  in  her  house,  and  in  the 
little  church  on  Line  Street,  above  Fourth.  During 
these  years  a  number  of  ministers  served  the  con- 
gregation, among  whom  were  the  Eev.  Adam 
Hinkle,  Christian  Meyers,  Mr.  Shimer,  R.  Dey- 
shur,  Henry  Stetzel,  Daniel  Yengst,  Henry  Earley, 
Nicholas  Gabal,  A.  S.  Steltz,  Joseph  Steltzer  and 
C.  Philibar.  Under  the  ministration  of  the  last 
two  pastors  the  present  church  was  built  during 
the  year  1878.  It  is  a  one-story  brick  building, 
forty  by  sixty-five  feet,  with  a  large  auditorium 
and  a  gallery.  The  dedicatory  services  were  per- 
formed by  Bishop  Reuben  Dubs,  of  Cleveland,  O. 
The  pastors  who  have  since  served  the  congrega- 
gation  were  C.  Philibar,  Antony  Straub,  C.  B. 
Fliehr,  A.  S.  Steltz,  G.  Redman,  O.  Arnold  and 
George  Hauser.  The  Sunday-school,  which  was 
organized  when  the  religious  meetings  were  in- . 
augurated,  had  greatly  increased  in  membership 
when  this  church  was  dedicated,  having  sixty 
regular  attendants,  with  Henry  Daman  as  super- 
intendent. At  present  (1886)  there  are  about  one 
hundred  pupils  and  teachers,  and  Solomon  Fliehr 
is  the  superintendent.  The  church  membership  is 
sixty-five  communicants.  This  congregation  is  one 
of  the  missions  of  the  Atlantic  Conference,  which 
is  an  exclusively  German  Conference,  having  its 
work  in  New  York  City,  Long  Island,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  Maryland  and  in  several  sea-board 
cities.  The  Evangelical  Association  has  at  this 
present  time  twenty-four  Conferences,  which  are 
located  in  the  United  States,  Canada,  Germany, 
and  Switzerland,  as  also  a  prosperous  mission  in 
Japan. 


The  Young  Men's  Christian  Association, 
next  to  the  church,  and  therefore  next  to  the 
heart  and  head  of  all  religious  work,  has  made  great 
strides  forward  during  the  past  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury. It  was  organized  October  16,  1878,  at  the 
residence  of  Samuel  B.  French,  corner  of  Cooper 
Street  and  Front,  by  George  H.  Davis,  W.  Howard 
Curtiss,  Bartram  L.  Bonsall,  Samuel  B.  French, 
Howard  Carrow  and  I.  S.  Conover.  Mr.  Davis 
was  chosen  chairman,  and  Mr.  Conover  secre- 
tary. It  was  "Resolved,  That  we,  members  of 
the  church  of  Christ,  and  believers  in  Him,  or- 
ganize ourselves  into  a  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association,  to  be  called  The  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association  of  Camden."  W.  H.  Cur- 
tiss, B.  L.  Bonsall  and  Fitch  Taylor  were  ap- 
pointed a  committee  on  organization.  Another 
committee  was  appointed  to  visit  the  pastors  of  the 
city  with  the  view  of  obtaining  their  co-operation. 
The  next  meeting  was  held  in  the  lecture-room  of 
Tabernacle  Baptist  Church  (now  the  hall  of  Wm. 
B.  Hatch  Post,  G.  A.  R.),  on  the  24th  of  the  same 
month.  By-laws  and  a  constitution  were  adopted, 
and  the  officers  elected  were, — President,  George 
H.  Davis;  Vice-President,  W.  H.  Bancroft;  Cor- 
responding Secretary,  W.  Howard  Curtiss;  Re- 
cording Secretary,  George  H.  Higbee  ;  Treasurer, 
Bartram  L.  Bonsall ;  Directors,  Samuel  B.  French, 
Fitch  Taylor,  E.  Dallas  Stager,  H.  L.  Titus  and 
the  officers.  The  association  continued  to  meet  in 
the  Tabernacle  until  the  2d  of  December  follow- 
ing, when  the  first  meeting  was  held  in  the  second 
story  front  room  of  the  house  at  318  Federal 
Street,  and  here  the  association  remained  during 
the  year  of  1879,  growing  in  membership  and  in- 
fluence, and  carrying  forward  a  good  work  at  the 
Camden  jail,  at  the  rooms  and  at  open-air  meet- 
ings. 

With  the  beginning  of  1880  the  association  oc- 
cupied the  desired  second  and  third  floors  of  the 
hall  now  known  as  the  Association  Hall,  at  Third 
Street  and  Market.  But,  notwithstanding  the 
limited  quarters  at  318  Federal  Street,  the  older 
members  still  retain  pleasant  memories  of  the  year 
spent  there,  and  perhaps  it  would  be  entirely 
proper  to  claim  that  in  no  year  of  its  history  was 
the  devotional  work  of  the  association  conducted 
with  greater  enthusiasm.  In  1881  Wilbur  F.  Rose 
was  elected  president,  and  he  continued  until 
January,  1885,  during  which  time  the  membership 
increased  greatly,  and  W.  H.Geistweit  aud  William 
Getty  successively  filled  the  post  of  general  secre- 
tary. John  J.  Robinson  became  general  secretary 
afterward,  and  in  the  spring  of  1886  George  H. 
Barker,  general  secretary  of  the  Bordentown  Asso- 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


495 


ciation,  assumed  the  duties  as  general  secretary  of 
the  Camden  organization  and  has  since  done  very 
effective  work.  Upon  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Eose 
as  president,  at  the  closeof  the  year  1884,  Walter 
M.  Patton  was  elected  president,  and  is  now  the 
efficient  head  of  the  association. 

The  official  minutes  show  the  officers  of  the  as- 
sociation, from  its  institution  to  this  date,  to  have 
been  as  follows : 

1878. — President,  George  H.  Davis  ;  Vice-Pres- 
ident, W.  H.  Bancroft ,  Corresponding  Secretary, 
VV.  Howard  Curtiss ;  Recording  Secretary,  George 
H.  Higbee;  Treasurer,  Bartram  L.  Bonsall ;  Di- 
rectors, Samuel  B.  French,  Fitch  Taylor,  E.  Dallas 
Stager  and  Harry  L.  Titus. 

1879. — President,  George  H.  Davis ;  Vice-Pres- 
ident, William  H.  Bancroft ;  Corresponding  Sec- 
retary, W.  H.  Curtiss ;  Recording  Secretary,  Jos. 
Alexander ;  Treasurer,  B.  L.  Bonsall ;  Directors, 
Crowell  S.  Fewsmith,  Fitch  Taylor,  J.  Kelley 
Brown,  Thomas  S.  Conover. 

1880. — President,  George  H.  Davis  ;  Vice-Pres- 
ident, Robert  P.  Stewart ;  General  Secretary,  W. 
H.  Curtiss  ;  Recording  Secretary,  Dilwyn  C.  Cliver; 
Treasurer,  B.  L.  Bonsall ;  Directors,  James  E. 
Leadley,  Samuel  R.  Murray,  J.  Kelley  Brown,  C. 
S.  Fewsmith,  S.  H.  Higbee,  Westcott.  Campbell, 
Thomas  S.  Conover,  S.  G.  Wallace,  Carlton  M. 
Williams,  Charles  H.  Armstrong. 

1881.— President,  Wilbur  F.  Rose ;  Vice-Pres- 
ident, Robert  P.  Stewart ;  General  Secretary,  W. 
H.  Curtiss ;  Financial  Secretary,  Asa  L.  Curtis ; 
Treasurer,  B.  L.  Bonsall;  Directors,  George  H. 
Davis,  A.  Ledden  Iszard,  C.  M.  Williams,  C.  A. 
Hotchkiss,  J.  E.  Leadley,  S.  G.  Wallace,  E.  M. 
Howard,  M.D.,  G.  H.  Higbee,  E.  Shivers,  E.  H. 
Plummer.  • 

1882.— President,  Wilbur  F.  Rose;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Robert  P.  Stewart ;  General  Secretary,  Geo. 
H.  Davis;  Recording  Secretary,  Clifford  W.  Shinn ; 
Treasurer,  Bartram  L.  Bonsall  ;  Directors,  Harris 
Graffen,  E.  M.  Howard,  M.D.,  A.  L.  Iszard,  Saml. 
Finney,  S.  G.  Wallace,  C.  A.  Hotchkiss,  E.  H. 
Plummer,  Asa  L.  Curtis,  G.  H.  Higbee,  Carlton 
M.  Williams. 

1883.— President,  Wilbur  F.  Rose ;  Vice-Pres- 
ident, E.  M.  Howard,  M.D.;  General  Secretary, 
W.  S.  Geistweit;  Recording  Secretary,  Harris 
Graffen ;  Treasurer,  George  H.  Higbee ;  Directors, 
J.Lynn  Truscott,  Harry  Humphreys,  Carlton  M. 
Williams,  C.  A.  Hotchkiss,  S.  Bryan  Smith,  Robt. 
P.  Stewart,  Samuel  Finney,  George  H.  Davis,  F. 
W.  Ayer. 

1884.— President,  Wilbur  F.  Rose;  Vice-Pres- 
ident, E.   M.   Howard,  M.D.;  Treasurer,  G.  H. 


Higbee;  Recording  Secretary,  J.Lynn  Truscott; 
Directors,  E.  H.  Bryan,  Samuel  Russell,  Carlton 
M.  Williams,  Walter  M.  Patton,  Oscar  C.  Molan, 
E.  E.  Read,  Jr.,  J.  T.  Harker,  Harry  Humphreys, 
E.  A.  Armstrong,  Louis  T.  Derousse,  Thomas  H. 
Harris,  E.  R.  Smiley,  M.D. ;  George  E.  Taylor, 
David  M.  Chambers,  J.  L.  Truscott. 

1885.— President,  Wilbur  F.  Rose ;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, E.  M.  Howard,  M.D. ;  Treasurer,  Harry  M. 
Anderson  ;  Directors,  E.  H.  Bryan,  O.  C.  Molan, 
E.  M.  Howard,  Samuel  Russell,  Walter  M.  Patton, 
Harry  Humphreys,  Carlton  M.  Williams,  George 
H.  Higbee,  R.  P.  Stewart,  E.  A.  Armstrong,  Bar- 
tram L.  Bonsall,  John  T.  Seymour,  S.  G.  Wallace, 
E.  H.  Plummer,  Charles  Danenhower. 

1886.— President,  Walter  M.  Patton ;  Vice-Pres- 
ident, E.  M.  Howard,  M.D. ;  Recording  Secretary, 
John  F.  Seymour ;  Treasurer,  Harry  M.  Anderson  ; 
Directors,  Carlton  M.  Williams,  Oscar  C.  Molan, 
E.  H.  Bryan,  E.  A.  Armstrong,  S.  G.  Wallace,  B. 
L.  Bonsall,  W.  F.  Rose,  J.  E.  Roberts,  Charles  L. 
Reeves,  Christian  Schrack,  A.  E.  Street. 

"The  Ladies' Auxiliary  of  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association,"  one  of  its  noblest  supports, 
was  organized  in  the  hall  on  the  15th  of  January, 
1883,  a  preliminary  meeting  having  been  held  on 
the  10th.  At  the  second  meeting  the  following 
officials  were  chosen  for  the  year  :  President,  Mrs. 
H.  L.  Hotchkiss ;  Vice-President,  Mrs.  Wilbur  F. 
Rose ;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  Harris  Graffen  ;  Secretary, 
L.  W.  Hurlbut.  The  Auxiliary  from  that  date 
steadily  grew  in  power  for  good,  and  it  is  now  a 
most  effective  agency  for  the  promotion  of  the  ob- 
jects of  the  association. 

Chujrch  of  the  Immaculate  Conception. — 
The  few  Catholics  residing  in  Camden  nearly  forty 
years  ago  were  content  to  attend  divine  service  in  a 
poorly-furnished  room  in  the  old  City  Hall,  which 
stood  on  the  south  side  of  Federal  Street,  above 
Fourth,  where  the  present  market  is  located. 

There  are  not  many  now  living  who  participated 
in  those  services,  but  the  few  who  still  remain  have 
had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  the  little  mission 
grow  to  a  congregation  numbering  four  thousand 
souls,  and  possessing  church  property  valued  at 
two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars. 

Rev.  E.  J.  Waldron,  who  was  attached  to  the 
Cathedral  Parish,  Philadelphia,  is  the  first  priest 
who  is  known  to  have  attended  to  the  spiritual 
wants  of  the  Catholics  of  Camden.  He  celebrated, 
on  every  other  Sunday,  the  Holy  Sacrifice  of 
the  Mass  in  the  old  City  Hall  for  some  time,  but 
it  was  deemed  wise  to  select  another  place  of  wor- 
ship. The  residence  of  the  late  Henry  M.  Innis, 
on  the  south  side  of  Bridge  Avenue,  above  Third 


496 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Street,  was  used  for  the  purpose  until  more  com- 
modious quarters  were  secured  in  Starr's  Hall, 
whichstoodon  Bridge  Avenue,  below  Second  Street, 
and  was  demolished  some  years  ago  to  make  room 
for  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  yard.  Mr.  Jesse  W. 
Starr  kindly  gave  the  worshippers  the  use  of  the 
room  and  divine  service  was  celebrated  there  every 
other  Sunday  until  a  church  was  erected  on  the 
southeast  corner  of  Fifth  and  Taylor  Avenue,  in 
1859. 

The  laborious  efforts  of  Father  Waldron  to  secure 
funds  for  the  erection  of  the  Philadelphia  Cathe- 
dral necessitated  the  transfer  of  the  Camden  mis- 
sion to  Rev.  William   Donahoe.     The  latter  sue- 


C:HUKCH    of   the   IMMAC'lII.ATIi    CONCEl'TION. 

ceeded  in  advancing  the  work  of  his  predecessor 
and  was  then  called  away  to  take  charge  of  a  church 
at  Norristown,  Pa. 

From  October,  18.50,  until  the  spring  of  1853, 
Rev.  H.  B.  Fiuigan,  who  was  stationed  at  Glouces- 
ter, celebrated  Mass  in  Camden  and  was  succeeded 
by  Rev.  J.  N.  Hanigan,  also  of  Gloucester,  who 
continued  to  attend  the  mission  from  May  1,  1853, 
until  November  11th  of  that  year.  On  this  date 
Camden  was  formed  into  a  separate  parish,  with 
Rev.  James  Moran  as  its  first  resident  pastor.  In 
1857  a  lot  of  ground  on  the  southeast  corner  of 
Fifth  and  Taylor  Avenue  was  purchased  of  W.  D. 
Cooper,  Esq.,  on  which  to  erect  a  church.  Ground 
was  broken  for  the  same  on  June  9,  1859,  and  in 
three  months'  time  the  building  was  completed.  It 


was  built  of  brick  and  amply  answered  the  wants 
of  the  growing  congregation.  The  building  is  still 
standing  and  is  now  used  as  a  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic  hall. 

It  was  called  the  Church  of  the  Immaculate 
Conception  and  was  dedicated  by  Right  Rev.  J.  R. 
Bayley,  Bishop  of  the  Diocese  of  Newark,  on  No- 
vember 6,  1859.  Father  Moran  continued  in  charge 
until  1863,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev. 
Patrick  Byrne.  The  latter  was  not  satisfied  with 
the  church  at  Fifth  and  Taylor  Avenue  and  he 
wisely  selected  the  lot  of  ground  on  the  southeast 
corner  of  Broadway  and  Market,  upon  which  to 
erect  a  new  and  much  handsomer  edifice.  Its  cor- 
ner-stone was  laid  by  the  Right  Rev.  Bishop  Bay- 
ley,  on  May  1,  1864,  and  the  name  of  the  old 
church  was  transferred  to  the  new  one.  It  is  one 
hundred  and  fifty-two  feet  long,  sixty-five  feet 
wide,  is  built  of  Trenton  brown  stone,  with  Con- 
necticut stone  trimmings  and  represents  the  Eng- 
lish decorated  Gothic  style  of  architecture.  Fath- 
er Byrne  subsequently  secured  the  entire  block 
upon  which  the  church  stood  and  also  a  large  plot 
of  ground  on  the  Moorestown  pike,  two  miles 
from  the  Delaware  River,  for  use  as  a  cemetery. 

In  May,  1873,  Rev.  P.  Byrne  was  transferred  to 
St.  John's  Church,  Trenton,  by  Right  Rev.  M.  A. 
Corrigan,  D.D.,  and  Rev.  P.  Fitzsimmons  took 
charge  oi'the  Church  of  the  Immaculate  Concep- 
tion, in  this  city,  of  which  he  is  still  rector.  For 
some  years  previous  to  his  coming  the  children  of 
the  parish  were  taught  in  a  brick  building  on  Fed- 
eral Street,  between  Seventh  and  Eighth  Streets. 
Seeing  the  urgent  need  of  better  accommodation, 
he  commenced,  in  May,  1874,  the  erection  of  a  new 
school  and  Sistei's'  house  on  Broadway,  and  com- 
pleted them  at  a  cost  of  nearly  fcrty  thousand  dol- 
lars. 

In  September  of  the  same  year  the  Sisters  be- 
longing to  the  Order  of  St.  Joseph,  having  their 
mother's  house  at  Chestnut  Hill,  Pa.,  opened  the 
school  in  the  new  building  and  continued  in  charge 
till  the  summer  of  1885,  at  which  time  they  were 
succeeded  by  the  Sisters  of  Mercy,  from  Borden- 
town,  N.  J. 

During  three  years  the  member.ship  of  the  congre- 
gation had  been  increasing  and  it  was  found  neces- 
sary to  make  some  addition  to  the  church  property. 
For  this  reason  a  square  of  ground  was  purchased 
in  the  Eighth  Ward,  on  which  was  erected  the 
Church  of  the  Sacred  Heart.  A  separate  parish 
has  been'  formed  and  Right  Rev.  M.  J.  O'Farrell 
has  appointed  Rev.  William  Lynch  rector. 

In  1880  Rev.  P.  Fitzsimmons  engaged  as  teach- 
ers the  Brothers   of  the   Holy  Cross,  from   Notre 


-^--\ 


J^ 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


497 


Dame,  Ind.  They  came  to  reside  in  the  house  he 
had  specially  built  for  their  use  on  the  church 
grounds,  and  have  had  charge  of  the  boys'  school 
since  their  arrival.  By  constant  efforts  this  prop- 
erty has  been  improved  and  at  this  moment  it  is 
acknowledged  that  no  other  congregation  in  this 
city  possesses  a  church  property  equal  to  it  in  val- 
ue. The  church  members  are  not  wealthy,  but  out 
of  their  slender  means  they  have  paid  off  a  large 
debt  and  supported  schools  having  an  average  at- 
tendance of  four  hundred  and  fifty  children. 

Eev.  p.  J.  FiTZSlMMONS,  of  this  church,  was 
born  in  the  year  1840,  near  the  town  of  Virginic, 
County  Cavan,  Ireland,  and  received  his  early 
education  at  a  national  school  in  that  town.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  commenced  his  classical 
course  in  Mr.  O'Reilly's  school,  and  in  1859 
entered  All  Hallows  College,  Dublin,  and  after 
three  years'  study  there  came  to  America,  located 
in  Quebec,  Canada,  and  entered  the  Grand  Semi- 
nary, where  he  was  ordained  to  the  priesthood  in 
December,  1853.  His  first  mission  was  in  King- 
ston, Out.,  where  he  worked  two  years  and  began 
his  useful  career.  He  was  then  promoted  to  the 
parish  of  Centreville,  in  that  diocese,  where  he 
labored  with  success ;  but  owing  to  ill  health  and 
the  severity  of  the  climate,  he  was  forced  to  seek 
another  field  of  labor,  and  coming  to  New  Jersey, 
entered  upon  mission  work  in  Mount  Holly.  After 
some  months  he  was  transferred  to  St.  Joseph's 
Church,  Jersey  City,  to  assist  the  Rev.  A.  Venuta, 
by  Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  Bayley.  Two  years  later  he 
was  appointed  to  the  parish  of  Dover,  N.  J.,  but 
ill  health  soon  compelled  him  to  go  to  Europe, 
where  he  remained  nearly  a  year.  After  his  return 
he  went  to  St.  John's  Church,  Trenton,  and  upon 
the  death  of  Rev.  John  Mackin,  the  Rt.  Rev. 
Bishop  Corrigan  appointed  Rev.  P.  Byrne,  rector 
of  St.  John's,  and  Father  Fitzsimmons  was  trans- 
ferred in  1873  to  the  Church  of  the  Immaculate 
Conception,  where  he  has  since  labored  zealously 
and  effectively  and  done  much  to  advance  the 
interests  of  the  parish,  spiritually  and  materially. 
St.  Peter's  and  St.  Paui^'s  German  Catho- 
lic Church. — In  1867  a  number  of  the  German 
people  of  Camden,  who  had  been  worshipping  in 
the  Church  of  the  Immaculate  Conception,  of  this 
city,  with  a  few  persons  who  had  been  connected 
with  other  Roman  Catholic  Churches,  met  at  the 
house  of  Anthony  Kobus,  at  No.  419  Spruce  Street. 
This  meeting  was  under  the  supervision  of 
Rev.  Father  Joseph  Thurnes,  of  Egg  Harbor,  and 
was  called  for  the  purpose  of  appointing  a  commit- 
tee to  select  and  purchase  a  suitable  location  for 
building  a  church,  or  a  suitable  building  already 


erected,  for  a  place  of  worship.  John  Welsh,  Val- 
entine Voll,  Anthony  Kobus  and  Anthony  Voll 
were  appointed  as  a  committee.  Soon  after,  hear- 
ing that  the  church  property  of  the  Second  Baptist 
Church,  on  Fourth  Street,  could  be  obtained,  the 
committee  purchased  it  for  the  sum  of  four  thou- 
sand dollars,  in  January,  1868.  After  a  few  alter- 
ations were  made,  the  church  was  dedicated  by 
Vicar-General  McQuade,  of  the  Diocese  of  New 
Jersey.  Rev.  Father  Joseph  Thurnes  was  placed 
in  charge,  and  in  a  short  time  seventy  families 
united  with  the  congregation.  A  Sunday-school 
was  organized,  which  meets  in  the  basement  of  the 
church  building.  In  1869  the  committee  was  au- 
thorized to  enlarge  this  building.  An  extension  of 
twenty  feet  to  the  rear  was  built,  and  other  altera- 
tions and  improvements  were  made  the  same  year. 
Rev.  Father  Thurnes  remained  with  the  church 
until  1833.  Under  his  care  and  supervision  a 
parsonage,  school-house  and  hall  were  built,  and  a 
day-school  established,  in  which  English  and  Ger- 
man were  taught  to  a  large  number  of  pupils. 
Rev.  Father  Francis  Neubauer  and  Rev.  Father 
Peter  Scharoun,  of  the  Franciscan  Order,  then  as- 
sumed charge  of  the  church,  and  under  their  care 
the  congregation  has  prospered  and  increased,  and 
the  schools  have  gained  in  numbers.  All  indebt- 
edness on  the  church  has  been  canceled.  About 
one  thousand  persons  form  the  congregation,  and 
three  hundred  children  are  taught  in  the  Sunday- 
school  and  day-schools.  The  congregation  is  now 
preparing  to  erect  a  large  and  commodious  house 
of  worship. 


CHAPTER    VI. 


THE   SCHOOLS. 


Early  Schools  in  Camden— The  Publir-gchool  System — The  New 
Era — Progress  since  1879 — Newton  Debating  Society — The.  Worth- 
ington  Library — Private  Schools — West  Jersey  Orphanage. 

Early  Schools  ix  Camdex. — It  is  impossible 
to  give  an  accurate  history  of  the  earliest  schools 
in  Camden.  The  plan  for  the  original  town  of 
Camden  provided  a  site  for  a  school-house,  which 
was  built  during  the  period  of  the  Revolutionary 
War.  Some  of  the  churches  in  early  days  sup- 
ported schools,  and  the  Friends  at  all  times,  and 
even  to-day,  have  supported  excellently-managed 
schools  in  connection  with  their  Meetings. 

The  old  Camden  Academy  was  the  most  prom- 
inent educational  institution  in  the  city  for  half  a 
century.  The  building  was  erected  in  1803,  and 
stood  on  the  site  of  the  Genge  school  building  at 


498 


HISTORY  OP,  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


the  corner  of  Sixth  and  Market  Streets.  The  land 
upon  which  it  was  situated  was  given  by  George 
Genge.  The  schools  in  it  were  conducted  by  a 
number  of  teachers  with  varied  success,  frequent 
changes  being  made.  Edward  Bullock  taught  in 
this  building  for  a  time. 

In  1835  John  M.  Souler  took  the  upper  room  of 
the  academy  and  taught  all  the  English  branches, 
at  $2.50  per  quarter. 

The  Hatch  School-house  was  one  of  the  early 
educational  institutions  of  Camden.  It  was  situ- 
ated near  what  is  now  the  corner  of  Seventh  and 
Pearl  Streets,  a  short  distance  from  the  Diamond 
Cottage,  and  was  the  place  where  many  of  the 
youths  of  Camden  and  vicinity,  half  a  century 
or  more  ago,  obtained  the  rudiments  of  an  educa- 
tion. The  school-house  was  within  a  dense  grove, 
through  which  were  paths  leading  to  it.  Among 
the  prominent  teachers  of  this  school  was  Edward 
Butcher,  who  became  postmaster  of  Camden  in 
1838.  Benjamin  F.  Davis  was  another  of  the 
teachers  at  this  school. 

In  1825  Jacob  L.  Rowan  taught  a  school  at  the 
southeast  corner  of  Third  and  Market  Streets. 
■Benjamin  Ferris  opened  a  singing-school  in  the 
"Town  House,"  December  11,  1835.  Oliver  Cox, 
a  graduate  of  Cambridge  University,  England,  in 
March,  1836,  opened  the  Camden  Classical  School,  ■ 
■designed  to  fit  young  men  for  college.  The  same 
year  and  month  Sarah  and  Hannah  Eastlack 
opened  a  seminary  for  girls,  on  Cooper  Street, 
opposite  the  residence  of  Richard  M.  Cooper. 

Ira  Bisbee,  in  1835,  advertised  that  he  would 
open  an  English  school,  for  both  sexes,  in  the 
basement  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and 
announced  that  those  who  wished  "  to  attend  to  the 
science  of  Grammar  could  be  taught  in  the  eve- 
ning— not  parrotorically,  but  by  Brown's  American 
System — according  to  the  constructive  genius  of 
our  hanguage."  Isaiah  Toy,  Edward  D.  Roe  and 
John  K.  Cowperthwait  announced  that  they,  as  a 
committee,  had  visited  Mr.  Bisbee's  school  and 
were  highly  pleased. 

At  the  general  town-meeting,  held  March  10, 
1835,  thesubject  of  the  public  schools  wa3  discussed, 
and  a  committee  to  consider  the  matter  was  ap- 
pointed,— John  K.  Cowperthwait,  Richard  Fetters, 
J.  L.  Reese,  Isaiah  Toy,  Rev.  S.  Starr,  Rev.  Wil- 
liam Granville,  Rev.  T.  C.  Teasdale,  Benjamin 
Allen,  Charles  Kaighn,  William  Ridgevvay  and 
J.  W.  Cooper. 

In  1835  Rev.  T.  C.  Teasdale  opened  a  French 
and  English  Boarding  and  Day-School,  of  which 
Demorris  was  teacher  of  French  and  "  Musick." 

Isaiah  Joy  in  1837  advertised  for  a  teacher  to 


conduct  a  primary  school  in  the  "  basement  of  the 
Methodist  Church." 

Rev.  M.  Shepherd  conducted  a  Female  Academy 
in  1835,  his  daughter  assisting  him  as  a  teacher. 

The  Seminary  of  St.  Paul's  Church  was  con- 
ducted by  Miss  Mary  M.  Archer  in  1837. 

In .  1837  P.  M.  Gowen  was  principal  of  the 
"  Writing,  Mercantile  and  Mathematical  School" 
in  the  Camden  Academy.  The  same  year  Oliver 
Cox  became  principal  of  a  school  in  the  "  base- 
ment of  the  Methodist  Church." 

"A  Select  Classical  and  English  Boarding- 
School "  was  started  by  W.  S.  Barton,  September 
19,  1888.  In  May,  1838,  Camden  was  divided  into 
two  school  districts. 

A  school-house  and  house  of  worship  was  dedi- 
cated in  Fettersville  in  May,  1840.  Miss  Turner 
had  a  school  "near  the  Market"  in  1842.  Mr. 
Hough  had  a  classical  and  mathematical  school, 
which  was  afterwards  conducted  by  Rev.  F.  Knigh- 
ton in  1845. 

In  1852  F.  H.  Rothpletz  was  principal  of  the 
Camden  Academy  ;  Miss  Henrietta  Rothpletz  was 
assistant. 

The  Young  Ladies'  Institute,  with  H.  T.  Tims- 
dale  as  principal,  was  opened  in  1852. 

The  Camden  "  High  School  for  Boys "  was 
opened  by  J.  D.  Higgins  in  1854. 

The  "  Camden  Grove  School,"  taught  by  Rev. 
Knighton,  was  taken  by  Rev.  Northrop  in  1854. 

Lafayette  and  Talleyrand  Grover,  the  former  of 
whom  became  Governor  of  Oregon,  and  later 
United  States  Senator  from  the  same  State,  taught 
a  select  school  in  Camden  for  a  number  of  years. 

At  the  request  of  State  Superintendent  Apgar, 
in  1879,  Henry  L.  Bonsai  1,  who  for  several  yeara 
served  as  city  superintendent  of  schools,  prepared 
an  historical  sketch  of  the  rise  and  progress  of  the 
public  school  system  of  Camden.  Having  very' 
kindly  allowed  the  use  of  it,  the  information  em- 
bodied in  the  following  pages,  containing  the  his- 
tory of  the  public  schools  to  1879,  was  mostly  com- 
piled from  his  work : 

The  Public  School  System. — The  first  re- 
corded evidence  of  intention  to  better  this  con- 
dition of  things  occurs  in  the  minute  of  a  meeting 
of  the  "School  Trustees  of  the  Township  of 
Camden,"  at  the  house  of  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford, 
April  6,  1843,  when  Richard  Fetters  was  ap- 
pointed chairman  and  treasurer,  and  B.  A.  Ham- 
mell  secretary.  J.  C.  De  La  Cour  and  the  secre- 
tary were  appointed  to  provide  books  for  the 
ofiicers,  and  "  Jesse  Smith  was  employed  to  assess 
the  number  of  children  that  may  be  eligible  to  the 
schools."    The  schools  were  ordered  to  be  opened 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


499 


about  the  11th  of  May,  the  yearly  salary  of  the 
male  teacher  not  to  exceed  six  hundred  dollars, 
and  of  the  female,  four  hundred  dollars.  Cobb's 
school-books  were  adopted.  Messrs.  De  La  Cour 
and  Khees  were  appointed  to  procure  one  hundred 
and  seventy-four  large  and  seventy-four  small 
slates.  Mr.  Miller  was  chosen  teacher,  and  Messrs. 
Cole,  Oowperthwait  and  Rhees  directed  to  inquire 
into  character  and  qualifications. 

On  the  26th  of  April,  1843,  it  was  ordered  that 
a  colored  school  be  opened  under  the  same  regu- 
lations as  the  white  school,  and  George  Shreeve 
was  appointed  its  teacher  at  a  salary  of  seventeen 
dollars  per  month.  On  May  8th  rooms  in  the 
academy  were  fitted  up,  and  in  it  the  first  public 
school  in  Camden  was  inaugurated.  This  school 
continued  with  varying  success.  In  1845,  the 
trustees  met  at  the  Niagara  Fire  Company's  engine- 
house,  with  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford  as  president, 
Philander  C.  Bfinck  secretary,  and  J.  C.  De  La 
Cour  treasurer. 

The  trustees  then  went  to  work  in  earnest,  and 
this  is  the  point  the  progress  of  the  schools  properly 
dates  from.  The  members  of  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion then  were  Franklin  Ferguson,  Joseph  C.  De 
La  Cour,  Samuel  H.  Morton,  Philander  C.  Brinck, 
Jesse  Smith,  Joseph  Taylor,  David  Brown,  Isaac 
S.  Mulford,  and  Thomas  Chapman.  David  Brown 
reported  the  census  of  children  of  school  age  in 
Camden  to  be  nine  hundred  and  seventy-four 
white  and  fifty-nine  colored.  An  examination  of 
teachers  was  ordered  to  be  held  on  the  14th  of  the 
ensuing  month,  the  president  of  the  board  to  con- 
duct the  same,  when  Messrs.  English,  Plotts  and 
Hall  and  Miss  Thomas  were  passed  as  candidates. 
Following  this  report  came  a  resolution  of  the 
board,  which  reads  strangely  in  the  light  of  this 
generation  :  "  Resolved,  That  the  circumstance  of 
Mr.  English  being  a  foreigner,  we  will  decline  ex- 
amining his  papers  or  credentials,"  the  president 
alone  dissenting,  when  Mr.  English,  who  passed 
first,  was  ignored,  and  Conly  IPlotts  was  elected 
principal  of  the  first  grammar  school,  at  a  salary 
of  four  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  a  year,  Miss 
Thomas  being  chosen  for  the  primary  school. 
This  action  concerning  Mr.  English  was  taken 
when  party  spirit  ran  fiercely,  about  a  year  after 
the  Philadelphia  riots  of  1844. 

A  school  was  now  opened  at  Kaighns  Point,  and 
a  tax  of  one  dollar  and  a  quarter  levied  on  the 
North  Camden  grammar  scholars,  and  seventy- 
five  cents  for  the  North  and  the  South  Primary 
Schools.  The  tax  was  to  be  paid  in  advance  when 
the  permits  were  given  out,  and  as  but  seventy 
permits  were  reported  issued  for  ihe  entire  juris- 


diction, it  shows  that  the  tax  did  not  work  satis- 
factorily, not  one-tenth  of  the  eligibles  attending 
the  schools.  As  it  kept  children  out  who  would 
otherwise  have  been  in,  after  a  few  years'  imposi- 
tion, it  was  abandoned.  In  1847  the  colored  school 
designed  for  South  Camden  had  not  yet  been  estab- 
lished, "  owing  to  the  difliculty  of  procuring  a  room 
at  a  moderate  rent."  Sarah  Kaighn  devised  a  lot 
for  school  purposes.  In  response  to  repeated  peti- 
tions for  the  school,  Ishmael  Lack  was  appointed  to 
take  charge  of  and  secure  pupils  at  the  rate  of  the 
aforesaid  sum  of  seventy-five  cents  per  capita,  but 
one  year  thereafter  the  school  was  discontinued, 
owing  to  the  lack  of  funds,  though  shortly  after 
this  the  treasurer's  annual  report  showed  three  hun- 
dred and  seventy-eight  dollars  received  from  the 
State  and  five  hundred  and  fifty-four  dollars  from 
the  county,  which  report,  in  the  invariable  phrase 
of  Ebenezer  Nicholls,  secretary,  was  "  excepted,"  his 
successor,  F.  Fleisner,  crediting  James  Elwell  for 
"  cole."  In  1850  the  schools  of  North  Camden 
were  opened  and  Pardon  Davis  was  elected  the 
male  and  Harriet  L.  Hauptman  the  female  teacher 
The  propriety  and  necessity  of  the  City  Council 
paying  to  the  board  the  amount  of  money  due  for 
school  purposes  was  argued  before  that  body  by 
the  committee,  Isaac  Porter,  Thomas  W.  Mulford 
and  Matthew  Miller,  Jr.,  who  also  proposed  a  two 
mill  tax  for  the  same  purpose. 

In  1851  the  board  opened  a  school  for  female 
pupils  at  Washington  Hall,  South  Camden,  and 
one  for  male  pupils  at  Kaighns  Point.  H.  W. 
Chadwick,  M.  E.  Thomas,  Pardon  Davis,  Elizabeth 
Brown,  A.  Kudderow,  H.  L.  Hauptman,  Harriet 
N.  King  and  E.  A.  Evans  were  the  eight  teachers 
then  employed  in  the  city. 

The  second  census  was  taken  in  June,  1852,  when 
there  were  in  the  North  Ward,  between  the  ages  of 
five  and  eighteen  years,  656  pupils;  Middle  Ward, 
890  ;  South  Ward,  1262,  and  this  increase,  from 
aboiit  1000  to  nearly  3000,  necessitated  the  discon- 
tinuance of  the  renting  of  rooms,  whereupon  a 
committee  was  appointed  to  wait  on  the  City  Coun- 
cil and  ascertain  whether  that  body  would  borrow 
money  for  the  purpose  of  building  school-houses. 
The  committee  also  reported  that  a  building  capa- 
ble of  accommodating  six  hundred  pupils,  includ- 
ing all  necessary  heating  and  ventilating  appara- 
tus, could  be  had  for  from  six  to  seven  thousand 
dollars  ;  the  size  of  such  building  would  be  about 
forty-five  feet  front  by  seventy-five  feet  deep,  and 
two  stories  high.  The  committee  further  suggested 
that  application  be  made  to  the  Council  for  such 
loan,  and  in  case  of  refusal,  that  the  board  apply 
to  the  Legislature  for  power  to  borrow.    Isaac  W. 


500 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Mickle  thereupon  moved  that  the  Legislature  be 
notified  of  the  intention  of  the  board  to  draft  a 
bill  modifying  the  school  system  of  the  city,  which 
was  the  first  intimation  of  a  declaration  of  inde- 
pendence on  the  part  of  the  board.  Notice  was 
then  given  of  two  acts:  one  to  incorporate  the 
Board  of  Education  of  the  City  of  Camden,  and 
the  other  to  enable  the  City  Council  to  borrow 
eight  thousand  dollars  for  the  erection  of  the  new 
school-house  in  the  South  Ward,  a  contract  for 
which  had  already  been  entered  into  by  Mr.  Shroff; 
which  acts  were  subsequently  granted,  and  the 
board  became  an  independent  body,  from  which 
time  the  progress  of  education  kept  pace  with  the 
increase  of  population.  The  "Kaighu  School," 
covered  by  the  contract  of  J\Ir.  Shroff,  was  the  first 
building  erected  by  the  board,  the  land  for  which 
was  donated  by  the  Kaighn  family— giving  rise  to 
the  reflection  that  while  the  Friends,  or  "  people 
called  Quakers  "  prefer  to  educate  their  own  chil- 
dren rather  than  avail  themselves  of  public  tuition, 
they  have  nevertheless  been  liberal  and  zealous  in 
promoting  the  cause  of  public  education,  and  their 
names  live  in  the  Kaighn  School,  the  Cooper 
School  and  the  Mulford  School. 

The  New^  Era. — The  first  meeting  of  "  The 
Board  of  Education  of  the  City  of  Camden  "  was 
held  April  3,  1854.  Messrs.  Drury,  of  the  former, 
and  De  La  Cour,  of  the  newly-organized  board, 
were  enrolled,  and  Mr.  Drury  became  principal 
of  Cooper  Hill  School.  A  census  of  the  children 
for  that  year  showed  in  the  North  AVard  816  pu- 
pils; Middle  Ward,  1193;  South  Ward,  1559,— 
total,  3668.  The  Kaighn  School  was  finished  and 
opened  with  eight  teachers,  the  only  one  of  whom 
remaining  is  the  estimable  and  efiicient  principal 
of  Mulford  Grammar  and  Kaighn  Primary,  Harriet 
N.  King.  .  The  Kaighn  School  building  cost  eight 
thousand  six  hundred  and  eighty-eight  dollars. 
The  contractor  was  Mr.  Shroff. 

At  this  period  the  board  passed  a  resolution 
directing  principals  to  refrain  from  the  use  of  the 
rod  as  a  means  of  correction,  and  if  used  at 
all,  that  it  be  after  school  hours.  Near  the  close 
of  the  year  Messrs.  Ott,  Trimble  and  Nicholls 
were  appointed  to  consider  the  best  arrangements 
for  erecting  a  ?xhool  in  the  North  Ward,  from 
which,  in  due  time,  came  the  George  Genge 
School.  Clayton  Truax,  treasurer,  in  his  pub- 
lished statement,  on  February  11th,  credited  him- 
self with  $16,142,  as  against  $12,337  expended,  and 
a  balance  of  $3804,  certified  to  by  Joseph  Trim- 
ble, Lewis  Seal  and  Sylvester  Burdsall.  Twenty- 
two  years  after  (1876)  the  receipts  were  $152,626, 
and  the  expenditures  $120,485,  twelve  new  school- 


houses  having  been  erected  in  that  time.  In  this 
year  James  M.  Cassady  commenced  an  active  career 
in  the  interests  of  public  education.  His  first 
missionary  labor  was  the  finally  successful  attempt 
to  convert  the  City  Council  into  a  disposition  to 
hand  over  to  the  board  the  amount  of  two  thousand 
four  hundred  and  eighty-one  dollars,  which  was 
adjusted  by  Benjamin  Browning,  Samuel  Lytle 
and  William  Sharpe,  on  the  part  of  the  Council, 
and  Messrs.  Cassady,  Dorman  &  Nicholls,  repre- 
senting the  board. 

In  1858  Mr.  De  La  Cour  was  elected  president, 
S.  Burdsall  secretary,  and  Clayton  Truax  treas- 
urer. Mr.  Dorman  reported  the  census  of  school 
children  to  be  4005,— North  Ward,  1098;  Middle 
■Ward,  1325  ;  South  Ward,  1591.  Kaighn  School 
building  was  the  only  one  owned  by  the  board. 
At  the  November  rneeting  Charles  Cox  was  ap- 
pointed to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resig- 
nation of  Dr.  Sartori,  in  Berkley  Street  School ; 
and  it  is  a  noteworthy  fact  that  many  of  the 
early  principals  afterwards  occupied  the  foremost 
social  and  political  positions  in  the  city. 

In  1859  Mr.  Cassady  was  elected  secretary  of 
the  board,  the  old  officers,  with  this  exception, 
being  re-elected.  The  number  of  school  children 
had  increased  to  four  thousand  three  hundred  and 
seventy-four.  Messrs.  Dorman,  Cassady  and 
Sides,  as  a  committee  on  qualifications,  reported 
that  "  very  little  can  be  accomplished  without  a 
proper  organization  and  classification  of  the 
schools,  and  believing  that  much  improvement 
can  be  made  by  a  reorganization  of  the 
schools  of  the  Middle  Ward,  asked  for  author- 
ity for  that  purpose."  The  same  committee  sub- 
sequently reported  Grammar,  Secondary  and  Pri- 
mary Departments  as  indispensable,  the  whole  to 
be  under  the  direct  supervision  of  the  male  prin- 
cipal. A  system  of  examinations  and  promotions 
was  also  devised,  and  the  first  attempt  at  a  more 
complete  and  systematic  arrangement  inaugurated. 
At  the  end  of  the  vacation  Datus  Drury  resigned. 
David  W.  Bartine  was  appointed  to  the  North  Ward 
Grammar  School ;  Charles  A.  Singer,  Middle 
Ward  Grammar  School  ;  Kate  L.  Eudderow,  prin- 
cipal of  Berkley  Street  Secondary  ;  and  Anna  M. 
Stack,  Paper-Mill  School.  In  April,  1860,  a  com- 
mittee was  authorized  to  procure  a  room  for  a 
Primary  School  at  Coopers  Point,  rent  not  to  ex- 
ceed six  dollars  per  month,  and  teacher,  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  dollars  per  annum  ;  the  number  of 
scholars  in  room  being  limited  to  sixty-four.  The 
subject  of  corporal  punishment  evidently  bothered 
the  board  as  much  as  it  did  the  teachers,  a 
number    of   resolutions    and    suggestions    being 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


501 


tabled  by  the  adoption  of  a  motion  of  Mr.  Morris, 
"  that  it  is  inexpedient  to  enact  any  further  laws 
on  the  subject,''  which  conqlusion,  however,  was 
only  a  temporary  palliative  to  the  opposition, 
which  lasted  as  long  as  the  barbarous  practice  en- 
dured. 

On  motion  of  Thomas  McKeen,  Richard  Fetters 
addressed  the  board,  in  1861,  on  the  propriety  of 
selling  Sixth  and  Plum  lot  and  building  at  Fifth 
and  Plum.  This  is  the  last  minute  found  relating 
to  Richard  Fetters,  who,  next  to  Dr.  Mulford  and 
the  members  of  the  first  board,  was  the  oldest  friend 
of  popular  education. 

Dr.  Ridge,  in  the  spirit  of  inquiry,  improvement 
and  innovation  which  characterized  his  efforts  in 
the  cause  of  education,  succeeded,  in  1862,  in 
having  the  pantographic  plan  of  teaching  intro- 
duced into  some  of  the  city  schools.  It  appears 
from  the  records  of  1863  that  the  election  for  offi- 
cers of  the  board  was  not  contested  with  the  same 
degree  of  interest  which  has  marked  subsequent 
elections.  Dr.  Ridge  and  Dr.  Birdsell  having  been 
nominated  for  president,  on  motion  of  Dr.  Ridge, 
Dr.  Birdsell  was  elected  by  acclamation,  Mr.  Cas- 
sady  continuing  as  secretary,  and  Mr.  Sides  suc- 
ceeding Thomas  A.  Wilson  as  treasurer.  James 
M.  Scovel  seems  to  have  exercised  a  potent  influ- 
ence in  changing  the  location  of  the  Genge  School, 
then  in  course  of  construction,  to  the  centre  of  the 
lot  at  Sixth,  Market  and  Arch.  Severns  &  Ward 
were  the  contractors  for  this  second  building, 
which,  in  its  day,  was  considered  a  model  school 
structure,  as  was  the  Kaighn  School,  which,  at  the 
suggestion  of  Dr.  Middleton,  the  oldest  school  in 
the  city,  became  one  of  the  best-lighted  and 
most  thoroughly  ventilated  of  the  modernized 
buildings.  The  number  of  school  children  had 
increased  to  4773,— North  Ward,  1318;  Middle 
Ward,  1545;  South  Ward,  1910,— South  Ward 
then,  as  since,  having  been  more  mindful  of  the 
divine  injunction. 

William  Fewsmith  entered  the  board  at  this  pe- 
riod, and  ever  after,  until  his  resignation,  took  an 
active  and  intelligent  part  in  its  deliberations. 
Afterward,  in  assuming  and  discharging  the  duties 
of  the  first  superintendency  of  the  same,  he 
methodized  and  systematized  the  working  of  the 
daily  growing  to  be  more  complicated  machinery, 
until  the  present  admirable  system  was  more 
nearly  perfected. 

The  Genge  School  building  being  finished,  the  di- 
visions of  the  Berkley  Street  School  were  removed 
to  it,  that  building  vacated  and  the  schools  con- 
solidated, while  an  examination  was  ordered  for 
teachers  to  take  charge  of  the  new  divisions.  The 
60 


teachers  selected  were  E.  A.  Singer,  principal ;  as- 
sistants, Sidney  L.  Anderson,  Sallie  G.  Rudderow, 
C.  Callett,  Ellie  E.  Fenton  and  Jennie  James.  In 
the  Girls'  Department:  Sallie  Walker,  principal; 
Kate  L.  Rudderow,  Louisa  Ash,  Sallie  T.  Brown, 
Edith  Heany  and  Rachel  Brevoort.  A  Teachers' 
Association  was  in  operation  at  this  period,  which 
developed  into  a  Teachers'  Institute.  A  general 
increase  in  the  inadequate  salaries  of  teachers  was 
made  at  this  time.  In  1866  the  organization  was 
effected  by  the  choice  of  Thomas  G.  Rowand, 
M.D.,  as  president,  and  the  continuance  of  the 
other  oflScers,  changes  in  these  positions  being 
rarely  made.  Night-schools  were  first  established 
in  December  of  this  year;  yet,  although  all  the  ap- 
pliances needed  were  furnished,  they  seem  to  have 
been  but  indifferently  successful.  Edwin  A. 
Stevens,  of  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  haviiig  donated  the 
lot  on  which  the  new  Middle  Ward  School  was 
built  in  1867,  it  was  therefore  called  the  "Stevens 
School."  The  donation  of  this  lot  was  the  last  of- 
ficial act  of  Mr.  Stevens  prior  to  his  departure  for 
Europe,  from  which  he  never  returned.  William 
B.  Mulford  was  the  contractor  for  the  erection  of 
this  elegant  school  building,  with  fifteen  divisions, 
affording  rooms  for  the  General  Book  Depository, 
the  meeting-room  of  the  board  and  the  sessions  of 
the  Normal  Class. 

On  the  completion  of  the  Stevens  School,  in  1868, 
the  Plum  and  Elm  Street  rooms  were  vacated,  the 
scholars  transferred,  and  W.  L.  Say  re  was  ap- 
pointed principal  of  the  boys'  department,  and 
Hope  Anthony  of  the  girls'  department  of  the  new 
school ;  C.  Henry  Kain  taking  the  principalship  of 
the  North  Ward  Boys',  and  Kate  L.  Rudderow  of 
the  Girls'  School ;  while  N.  J.  Morrison  and  Miss 
E.  J.  Peddie  were  respectively  appointed  to  the 
South  Ward  School.  The  South  Ward  Colored 
School  was  placed  in  charge  of  D.  G.  Harris,  and 
in  1869  an  additional  colored  school  was  estab- 
lished at  Third  Street  and  Mount  Vernon. 

April,  1870,  Dr.  J.  M.  Ridge  was  elected  presi- 
dent, and  Dr.  Alexander  Mecray  superintendent, 
the  other  ofiicers  being  re-elected. 

The  census  of  school  children  was  reported  by 
Thomas  McDowell  to  be  five  thousand  two  hun- 
dred and  ninety-one,  and  to  provide  for  the  pres- 
sure, a  house  on  Cooper  Street  and  a  portion  of  the 
Baptist  Church,  Fourth  and  Mount  Vernon,  were 
rented  for  primary  purposes.  The  salaries  of  the 
three  male  principals  were  fixed  at  fifteen  hundred 
dollars,  and  of  the  three  female  principals  at  seven 
hundred  and  fifty  dollars  each. 

The  State  Teachers'  Association  meeting  in  Cam- 
den   in    1871,    Mayor    Charles    Cox,   Rudolphus 


'riio  IIhIiIn  mill  Mliinli'WH  of  .viMir  hitnn*— (iimil  tn-  ovil  ? 
Til  kIi'IIi'""!.  I'".vluiinl  lo.iK     lliii  Ti'iirlliM'illwl  llio  Si'hi<i>l." 


502                             HISTORY  OF  CAMPKN  COHNTV,  NKW  .IKRSKY. 

liiii-luun  Miul  Hoiiiy  li.   \Vils,.ii  woiv  iiiMHiiiiUHl  (..  wi,.v  ihi,  Ik.u.ui,,.  .hinvi,  „i  «i;    ih..ri„„vl,  i,  iimmk.  mo,-  llvlun 
woU'onio  (hiM'iliu'iitoix  III'  llio  S(iil.t'. 

A  i-fvisiiiM  dl'  llu'   O.-niiili'M  CKv  I'luirlor   ill   lliis  Ami  .v"  A"i''il.'ii, 

tinio  iiiiiu-xo.l    ll\o   sul>ll|-bs    iif  Nowloii    Uiwiixliip,  (W(  jou  Ui,m™i  iwKunliiK  r,.r  jouv  luwiil ! 
iliviiliiis  llu'  cilv    iiilii  iiij;li(r  wunls  mid  giviii;;;  Iwi 
nuniilioi'M  (()  llio  lumnl   IVom  oiioli  wiiril. 

Tlu'  pnipiioly  of  U'Mchiiij;-    llu'  cli'iiioiiU  ol"  mil-  Apnl,  IS7I,  llio  now  boiiiil  orgiuiiml  \vi(li  Diivid 

sic  lurnnio  so  ii|i|iiuviit.  in  IST'J  tlmtMr.  lOnjiliiml,  Ivilli'iilionso,    |iivMiiloiit. ;  ,1.   I-.   Do  Lii  ('our,  tron,s- 

IVmii     llio  lS|U'i'iiil    Cominitd'i'  mi   Music,    icporl.-  iiivr;   W'illimii    ('.  I'Mn'iior,    si'i'i'i'tiiiw  ;   ll.l.,  Iloii- 

ihI  in    liivm-    ol'  llio  oin|ilovmonl.  of  K.   K.    llaloli-  mill,   sii|>onnl.oiulonl.     'I'liin   o|)Oiio.l   luiollioi'  imw 

oloi-  iind  l.lio  iiso  of  |iiinlo{;ni|diio  oliiirts  in  (lio  ox-  oni  in  Mio  o|ioni.lioiiH  of  Hio  lioiird  in  Mio  ronnliiUoM 

0111  idilioiil ion  ol'  llio  Willudiii  1  lnldn>!.VHlom,  wliioli  ol'  (lio  odnciilioniil  syHloni  ;  (lio  old  liiw,  oiii|iowi>r- 

ocMiliniiod  Mii-oo  yoiiis.     In  llio  lidl  ol'  llio  yoiii-  ('  in^'  H'o  inomlioi-s  <d'  llio  lumnl  to  I'liniiHli  HlliiplioH, 

Iloiiry  Kiiiii  Hiioioodod    Mr.  Siiyro   iis  piinoipiil  ol  olc,    liiiviiig-     liooii    lopoiilod,    mid     nil     pomniiiil 

SlovoiiH  Soliool  ;  Williani  II.  Smiinol  wiis  iinsi);iiod  nionoliiry  iiiloi'OHtH  lioinji;  roinovod  i'foiii  il,s  mom- 

lo  Ooiiiio  Soliool,   lloi-iilio   l>i-:ipor  lo  l,iliorl,y    mid  liorsliip. 

(iooH'roy  lUioUwiillcr  lo  ('oiilnil  .Vvoniio,  llio  iiowor  'I'lio  niinilioi'  ol'  loiioliorH    wiih  Movonly-roiir ;  III© 

loiioliois  llion,  MS  siiioo,  Inking'  llio  lowoi'  soliools  niiiiilior  of  soliolm-H   tliroo  llioiisiind  oiglil,  liiindrod 

and   iiiakin^  Mioir   way   up  lo    (lio    liiglior  gnido  and  ninoloon.     'I'lio  Noliool   ooiiHiis  ropoi'Uid   OVUV 

aoliools  US  vaomicios  oooiinod.  oin'lil.   llioiisiliid    oliildroii    of  school  ilg'O,   wllowlllK 

'I'lic  sclioid-lionsc  for  colored  oliildroii  on  Moiml,  (liat,  alioiili  oiio-lialf  flic  Hclioiil  popiiliilion  was  flicil 

VcriuHi   Slrcof  was    linisliod    and   flic  'I'liird    and  onuiiijcil    in   work   or  pursuits    disqiialifyiiin'  llunii 

Miuiiif  Vernon  school  aliandinicd.     William  II.  I'\  I'niiii    piiMic  liiiliini,    tiNcopt  as  llioy  arc    fnrtlicr 

Ariiistcad    was   ap]>oiiilod    principal,   and    lloiiry  provided  for  by    a,  do/.oii   excellent    parocliiiil  and 

Uoyer  placed  in  cliai'n'O  id'  flie  I'Vrry  lioad  ('olored  private  sclnxds.      lOvidonce  of  llio  tlioriainliiioss  of 

Hcliool — these  two  schoids  providing!;  ample  ac.coni-  the  instniotioii   in   the  hcIiooIh   is  fnrnisliod  in  an 

inodatiiMi  for  all  the  ccdored  children  in  tlio  city.  oxamination   report  of  this    period,  in  which  it  is 

The  Cooper  School  was  built   by  the  board  in  shown  that  nearly  all  the  oiindidates   Cor  teaclnnV 

IH71,  with  Sainiicl  Monroe  as  conlractor,  at  a  cost  corliliciitcs  wore  impils    of  the  uraniiiiar  Hchools, 

of  thirty    tlioiismid    nine   hniidrcd    and    Hoventy-  and  while  tlio  rivpiircinents  for  (pialirn'atioii  weru 

three  dcdlars.     It  is    pronounced  one  of  llie    finest  in  no  sense  lowered,  more  tluui    twinity   of  tlioso 

school  buildings  in    the  State,  and  was   dedicalcd  pupils  in  the  llrst  division   passed  cr(>ditably. 

in  the    presence  of  the  Stale  and  ciiunty  sii|)oriii-  Mr.  Kain,  wdio  afterwards  boc.iuuo  a.  nieiiiher  of 

teiidcnts   and   other   di(!;nitarios,    Walt   Whitinmi  |,li(\   board,  rcsifjiied    in  Soptoiiibor,   1874,  to  l.ak«| 

reading  the  dodicaiion    pca-ni,  and  aildresses  boiiit;  the    Northwest   (Iriuiinmr   School,    I'hiladelpliia ) 

delivered  by  iheSlatc,  county  and  city  superintend-  Mr.  Iliickwalli^r  was  Iraiisforrivl  to  Stuvens  School, 

cuts,    President    Hittenlionse,    Principal    Sainnels,  thence   to   doopor,   exchmin'iiiK    places   with   Mr, 

.1.  M.  (lassady  and  (lonlrollcr    l\IiHi>!;aii,  id'  I'liila-  Saniiiol  ;  and  I'hilip  Oressniaii  appointed  to  (leil- 

dclphia.     Tlio  following  is  Walt  Wliitnian's  poom :  tral  Avenno,  Mr.  I'^ry  K<'ii>K  fi'  >'li>'  Liberty  Scluiol, 

■•  AN  m,„  MAN'S  THOU,,,,,.  „.- »,.„„.„,.  '''''"    ' 'OKiHlatu I'o,  ill   1  H7f.,  ^wo  iiu tliority   to  tlio 


An  Dili  iiiiiti'H  tliuiiKlit  oC  Mrhdiil 

All  old  Itum,  Kiitlim-lllK  ynllMlI'llI  liiniliiiiiiH   iiiiil  IiIodiiih,  Ihill   .vnllUl 


Niiw  only  ilo   I  know  you  ! 

O  riiir  luii'onil  hIiIoh  I     O  iiiornliip;  ilnw  ii|iiiii  Mm  ^ihhh  [ 


board    to    borrow    fifty    tboiisaiid    dolhu'B ;    thl'OO 

lirowii  stone  two-story  sidiool-honscs  were  huilli  in 

liwdf  imnnoi.  (lie  lowor  soctioii  of  tile  city,--  in  the  lOinlith  Ward 

(ho.lohn  VV.  Mickle  School,  and  in  the   Kll'tli  tllO 
Isaac  W.  Mnlford  School  and  the  Ivichard  li'otlerH 
A„,i  iii.,«M  r  M„„   ii.n.„«„ni'i<ii,...  ,„.,™  School,  oiicli  1111111011  iiftor  worthy  citi/ens  of  Oam- 

'j'lioNOHiuriiHoi' iii,vhM<'.  iiK'iMihiir— MioHK  .voiiiiK  iiviM,  doll  who  years  ii|!;o  took  mi  active  interest  in  tlio 

iMii(ii.iK,i|'i"i|>|ii"K,  111"'"  iii'"i  >'i"iii|w    riiiiiiiiiiwi  educational  welfare  of  the  city.     TlioMo  biiildiugs 

were  erected  by  the  contractor,  M.  K.  Harden,  a 
fornior  iiioniber  of  the  board,  and  are  a  credit  to 
the  foriwiKlitand  intoHip;oiiceid' .loliti  II,  Dialogmi, 

Only  II  I'lihiin  Si^l 1?  vvlio  wiis  iiistniiiiental  in  their  oonstriiction.     Diiu 

,    ,  ,    ,  of  the  ilci|iiisitioiis  to  the  board  for  ii  sinirhi  toriii, 

All  iiioni     Inlliillolv  iiioro  ;  '  ^ 

<A»lli>orKi.l:'nx  nilH'il  hlH  wiil'liliiH!  Ol'y,    '  In  IUIiIh  pllo  oC  l.rloli  iiiiil         •<•''  ''''i"  Pl>l'i<"l,  WaS  Willia,lll    (llM'tisS,  IVoill  tlui  l!  il'Sl 
niorliir— Hii)«i>  ilniiil  IIdihh,  wlndinvii,  mllii— yuii  oiill  llin  nliiinili  /         Ward. 


Soon  loNiill  out.  oviir  llin  niniiMiirolnHM  Hnil 
Oil  l,hi>  SoiiI'h  vnyiiKi'. 

Only  a  lolol  lioyHiind  kIiInV 

Only  tliii  tli'i'Hiiinit  Npolllii^,  wiHliiK,  ('l|iliortn|(  rliiKHoH  i* 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


503 


The  Centennial  year  energized  educators,  as  it 

did  everybody  and  everything  else.      The  State 

superintendent  having  notified  the  schools  that 

an  educational  exhibit  would  be  expected  from 

New  Jersey,  Camden  contributed  her  quota  to  an 

aggregate  officially  pronounced  in  most  respects 

equal,  and  in  several  particulars  superior,  to  the 

exhibits  of  other  States  and  countries.    James  M. 

Cassady  was  the  Centennial  president,  and  J.  L. 

De  La  Cour,  son  of  the  first  treasurer,  succeeded 

to  the  treasury  so  long  guarded  by  the  father.    In 

1877,  B.  Frank  Sutton  became  president,  William 

T.  Bailey  treasurer,  Charles  W.  Knight  remaining 

secretary,  having  succeeded  William   C.  Figner. 

The  Stevens  Primary  School,  built  during  the 

Centennial  year,  is  an  admirable  structure.    The 

old  Kaighn  School-house,  under  the  supervision  of 

Messrs.   Dialogue,  Davis,  Pierce,  Middleton  and 

Perkins,  was  remodeled  in  1876  and  made  a  most 

desirable  school  building,  the  work  being  done  by 

E.  Allen  Ward. 

After  several  unsuccessful'  attempts  to  set  up  the 
new  adjunct  to  the  system,  the  Normal  Class  was 
finally  established  this  year  through  the  agency 
of  Messrs.  Middleton,  Cassady  and  Pierce,  com- 
mittee on  teachers — Philip  Cressman  being  ap- 
pointed principal,  and  Charles  K.  Middleton  filling 
the  vacancy  in  the  Mickle  School  occasioned  by 
the  transfer.  The  Normal  Class  was  originally  de- 
signed as  a  preparatory  school  for  teachers,  to  supr 
plement  the  policy  of  the  board  in  selecting  can- 
didates from  its  own  schools,  In  June,  1878,  its 
first  class  was  graduated.  For  some  time  previous 
to  this  period  the  school  census  had  increased  to 
more  than  ten  thousand,  and  the  matter  of  provid- 
ing accommodations  excited  attention,  being  prin- 
cipally urged  by  Messrs.  Currie  and  Middleton,  of 
the  First  District,  and  lots  for  a  new  school-house 
were  secured.  Temporary  accoramoilation  was  af- 
forded through  rented  rooms  and  the  adoption  of 
a  half-day  session. 

At  the  expiration  of  the  school  year  of  1878, 
William  H.  Samuel,  following  the  example  of 
Messrs.  Bartine,  Boyer,  Sayre,  Kain,  Singer  and 
other  efficient  Camden  principals,  resigned  the 
principalahip  of  the  Stevens  School  to  take  a  school 
in  the  Thirty-first  Section,  Philadelphia,  when 
George  E.  Fry  was  promoted  to  the  Stevens  School 
and  E.  F.  Way  was  appointed  to  the  Liberty 
School.  At  the  next  meeting  of  the  board  the 
first  formal  visit  of  Philadelphia  school  officials 
took  place,  when  addresses  of  mutual  congratula- 
tion were  delivered. 

The  Public  Schools  sincis  1879.— For  the 
history  of  the  public  schools  of  Camden    since 


1879,  acknowledgments  are  due  Geo.  E.  Fry,  the 
efficient  principal  of  the  Second  School  District  of 
Camdep. 

The  important  items  of  interest  relating  to  the 
schools  for  the  year  1879  are  as  follows :  Officers  of 
the  school  board  elected — B.  Frank  Sutton,  presi- 
dent ;  Charles  W.  Knight,  secretary ;  William  T. 
Bailey,    treasurer ;    Henry   L.   Bonsall,  superin- 
tendent.   Drawing  and   theory  of  teaching  were 
added  to  the  branches  required  for  teachers'  ex- 
aminations,   Westlake's  Spellers,  Steel's  Physics 
and  Kellogg's  Language  Lesson  Books  were  adopted 
for  use  in  the  schools.    The  teachers'  committee 
was  composed  of  Dr.  M.  F.  Middleton,  James  M. 
Cassady,  J.  C.  De  La  Cour  and  D.  B.  Litzenberg. 
The  tax  rate  for  school  purposes  was  four  and  one- 
half  mills.    The  crowded  primary  schools  were 
given  two  classes  of  pupils,  each  class  attending 
school  one-half  of  the  day;  July  7th,  the  contract 
for  constructing  the  Northeast  School  building 
corner  of  Seventh  and  Vine  Streets,  was  awarded  to 
Joseph  Butcher  for  eleven  thousand  three  hundred 
and  forty-eight  dollars;  the  building  committee 
were  Charles  F.  Curry,  Joseph  B.  Fox,  John  H. 
Dialogue  and  Davis  B.  Litzenberg;  school  popula- 
tion  in   September    was    eleven    thousand    nine 
hundred  and  seventy-eight;  Buckwalter's  Spellers 
were  adopted  for  use  in  the  schools. 

In  January,  1880,  the  Northeast  School  building; 
at  Seventh  and  Vine  Streets,  was  finished  and 
accepted  by  the  board,  and  in  February,  Miss  Mary 
Burrough  was  appointed  principal.  In  March  the 
board  passed  a  resolution  granting  third-class 
certificates  to  all  teachers  who  held  fourth  class 
certificates,  and  had  taught  five  years. 

In  April  Mr.  B.  F.  Sutton  retired  from  the 
presidency  of  tho^  board,  which  was  then  reorgan- 
ized by  the  election  of  Charles  F.  Cuiry  to  that 
office,  and  the  choice  of  Charles  W.  Knight  and 
W.  F.  Bailey,  respectively,  as  secretary  and  treas- 
urer. H.  L.  Bonsall  was  elected  city  superintendent. 
In  July  a  contract  was  let  to  Wni.  T.  Mead  for 
building  an  addition  of  four  rooms  to  the  Liberty 
School  building,  at  Spruce  and  Eighth  Streets, 
making  it  a  twelve-room  building.  Theamountof 
contract  was  five  thousand  seven  hundred  dollars. 
In  1881  the  first  incident  worthy  of  note  was  the 
appointment  of  Messrs.  Sutton,  Davis,  Cassady, 
Fox  and  Middleton,  of  the  board,  as  a  committee 
to  wait  on  the  Legislature  in  the  interest  of  the 
public  schools  of  the  city.  On  April  4th  there 
was  a  spirited  contest  between  Messrs.  Sutton  and 
Curry  for  the  presidency,  and  the  former  was 
elected  upon  the  forty-seventh  ballot.  The  former 
secretary  and  treasurer  were  re-elected.    In  De- 


504 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


cember  the  first  action   was  taken    toward    the 
introduction  of  sewing  in  the  schools. 

In  1882— March— Mr.  J.  B.  Fox  was  elected 
president,  and  the  former  secretary  and  treasurer 
of  the  board  were  re-elected.  In  June  of  this 
year  the  total  number  of  children  of  school  age 
was  reported  as  twelve  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
fifty-eight.  On  August  21st,  Wm.  H.  F.  Armstead, 
principal  of  the  Mt.  Vernon  Colored  School,  re- 
signed his  position  and  was  succeeded  by  Wm.  F. 
Powell. 

In  March,  1888,  the  board  organized  with  Davis 
B.  Litzenberg,  president;  Charles  B.  Capewell, 
secretary ;  and  Wm.  Calhoun,  treasurer.  Martin  V. 
Bergen  was  elected  city  superintendent  and  T.  J. 
Middleton,  solicitor.  The  teachers'  committee 
having  for  years  past  felt  the  importance  of  giving 
the  principals  a  better  opportunity  for  superintend- 
ing the  various  departments  in  their  district,  often 
discussed  the  matter,  but  came  to  no  definite  con- 
clusion until  the  meeting  in  April,  when  a  member 
of  the  committee  presented  a  resolution  making 
the  male  principals  of  the  grammar  schools  district 
principals  and  appointing  an  "  auxiliary  "  in  each 
district  to  assist  the  district  principal.  The  resolu- 
tion received  favorable  comment  from  other 
prominent  members  of  the  teachers'  committee, 
and  was  adopted  by  the  board  without  a  dissenting 
voice,  and  the  plan  having  now  been  in  successful 
operation  over  three  years,  has  proved  to  be  one  of 
the  best  moves  made  by  the  board  to  improve  the 
system  of  instruction  in  our  public  schools.  Martin 
V.  Bergen,  city  superintendent,  in  his  report  in  May, 
as  a  summary  of  the  reports  from  the  district  prin- 
cipals— viz.:  Geoffrey  Buckwalter,  First  District; 
Geo.  E.  Fry,  Second  District ;  Horatio  Draper 
Third  District ;  Edwin  F.  Way,  Fourth  District  • 
Chas.  K.  Middleton,  Fifth  District ;  and  Wm.  f! 
Powell,  Sixth  District, — reported  enrolled  six  thou- 
sand and  forty  scholars,  with  an  average  attendance 
of  three  thousand  nine  hundred  and  ninety.  Mr. 
Bergen,  in  his  report,  urged  the  board  to  make 
some  provision  whereby  the  colored  teachers  could 
receive  instruction  and  receive  the  same  advantages 
as  white  teachers.  Mr.  Bergen  also  expressed  his 
satisfaction  with  the  good  condition  of  the  schools 
and  the  efficiency  of  the  teachers.  The  following 
were  the  first  auxiliaries  appointed  under  the  new 
system:  First  District,  Clara  Shivers;  Second 
District,  Laura  B.  Munyan  ;  Third  District,  Eosa 
Flanegin ;  Fourth  District,  May  L.  Shivers ;  Fifth 
District,  Belle  E.  Forbes;  Sixth  District,  Bella 
Douglass.  During  the  summer  vacation  Miss 
Helen  Smith,  a  faithful  and  devoted  teacher,  died 
after  a  very  brief  illness. 


In  January,  1884,  the  superintendent  reported 
the  total  enrollment,  as  furnished  him  by  the 
district  principals,  six  thousand  six  hundred  and 
forty-seven  and  average  attendance  of  five  thousand 
and  twenty-six. 

In  January,  1884,  there  were  enrolled  in  the 
evening  schools  for  colored  applicants  one  hundred 
and  thirty-five  scholars,  with  an  average  attendance 
of  eighty-two. 

At  this  meeting  the  John  W.  Mickle  and  Mount 
Vernon  Schools  were  raised  to  the  grade  of  gram- 
mar schools.  At  the  meeting  in  October,  1884, 
the  advisory  committee  of  the  Firat  District  re- 
ported on  the  necessity  of  making  provision  for 
more  school  accommodation  in  that  district,  owing 
to  the  overcrowded  condition  of  the  schools.  It 
was  ordered  that  the  members  of  the  First  Dis- 
trict, as  a  committee,  investigate  the  matter  of  se- 
curing a  suitable  site  for  a  school  building  north 
of  the  Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad  and  to 
ascertain  the  probable  cost  of  a  new  building.  A 
great  change  was  also  made  in  the  text-books 
this  year.  The  total  enrollment,  as  reported  by 
City  Superintendent  Martin  V.  Bergen,  was  seven 
thousand  two  hundred  and  eighty.  A  scholars' 
library  was  started  in  the  Second  District  with 
forty-five  volumes,  and  through  the  efforts  of 
teachers  and  pupils  it  has  been  increased  to 
ninety-eight  volumes.  In  November,  1884,  a 
night-school  of  five  divisions  for  boys  was  opened 
in  E.  A.  Stevens  School,  under  the  principal- 
ship  of  George  E.  Fry ;  also  in  the  Kaighn 
School ;  one  of  two  divisions  for  girls,  under  the 
principalship  of  Miss  Anna  Farrell  and  super- 
vised by  District  Principal  H.  Draper. 

March  16,  1885,  the  new  board  organized  with 
Maurice  A.  Rogers,  president ;  Charles  B.  Cape- 
well,  secretary ;  William  Calhoun,  treasurer ; 
Harry  L.  Bonsall,  superintendent ;  and  Timothy 
J.  Middleton,  solicitor. 

A  careful  and  thorough  revision  of  the  limita- 
tions of  studies  was  effected  during  the  summer 
by  city  superintendent  and  district  principals) 
and  adopted  by  the  board.  A  more  thorough 
course  of  instruction  was  thus  provided  and  the 
education  of  the  children  made  more  practical. 
The  entire  number  of  children  of  school  age,  as 
reported  by  the  census-takers  June,  1885,  was 
14,973.  The  total  appropriation  for  school  pur- 
poses for  the  school  year  beginning  April,  1884, 
was  ninety-seven  thousand  four  hundred  dollars, 
and  for  the  year  beginning  April,  1885,  it  was 
one  hundred  and  seven  thousand  two  hundred 
dollars,  which  latter  sum  included  ten  thousand 
dollars  to  be  used  in  the  building  of  the  school- 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


505 


house  at  Broadway  and  Clinton  Streets.  During 
the  summer  of  1885  the  Cooper  School  building 
was  so  badly  damaged  by  the  cyclone  that  it  cost 
two  thousand  four  hundred  and  seventy-seven 
dollars  to  put  it  in  proper  repair. 

Night-schools  were  opened  by  the  board  in  the 
winter  of  1885-86  for  three  months,  in  First, 
Second,  Third  and  Sixth  Districts,  and  placed  in 
charge  of  the  respective  district  principals.  The 
attendance  throughout  the  term  was  good  and 
great  interest  was  manifested. 

The  new  board  for  1886-87  organized  March 
15,  1886,  with  James  R.  Carson,  president;  W.  H. 
Snyder,  secretary ;  W.  A.  Calhoun,  treasurer ; 
Martin  V.  Bergen,  city  superintendent;  and  J. 
Eugene  Troth,  solicitor.  The  new  school-house 
Broadway  and  Clinton  Streets  is  being  built  by 
John  C.  Rogers,  for  twenty-five  thousand  nine 
hundred  dollars.  The  building  will  be  sixty  by 
ninety  feet,  and  contain  twelve  school-rooms,  and 
on  the  third  floor  a  board-room  and  two  committee" 
rooms. 

June  8,  1886,  City  Superintendent  Bergen  re- 
ported having  visited  all  the  schools  and  found 
them  in  a  good  condition.  The  reports  from 
district  principals  showed  a  total  enrollment  of 
6498  pupils,  with  an  average  attendance  of  4561. 

On  September  6,  1886,  the  board  re-graded  the 
teachers'  salaries. 

Through  the  efforts  of  the  district  principals, 
aided  by  their  assistants  and  the  female  principals 
and  the  support  of  the  Board  of  Education,  the 
old  plan  of  holding  quarterly  and  semi-annual 
examinations  of  pupils  for  promotion  has  given 
place  to  the  superior  and  more  acceptable  plan 
of  monthly  examinations,  stimulating  the  pupils 
to  exertion  and  diligence  throughout  every  part  of 
the  term. 

The  Camden  school  system  is  on  an  excellent 
basis ;  the  city  being  divided  into  six  districts,  with 
an  average  of  about  thirteen  hundred  pupils  to  a 
district  and  one  grammar  school  in  each,  all  other 
buildings  feeding  the  grammai-  school ;  conse- 
quently, as  the  population  increases  and  more 
school -houses  are  built,  the  grammar  schools  must 
become  stronger  and  better. 

The  evening  schools,  a  partial  failure  several 
years  ago,  have,  during  the  last  few  years,  through 
the  determined  efforts  of  the  district  principals, 
assisted  by  the  janitors  and  assistants  and  warmly 
supported  by  the  board,  proved  a  grand  success 
and  have  afforded  very  fine  facilities  for  those  who 
cannot  attend  day-school. 

The  steady  advancement  made  in  the  Camden 
school  system  is  another  strong  evidence  of  the 


importance  of  employing,  as  far  as  possible,  princi- 
pals and  teachers  who  make  teaching  a  life  pro- 
fession, and  therefore  throw  their  energy  into 
the  work  of  doing  the  best  for  the  education  of 
the  children. 

Among  the  oldest  educators  in  point  of  time 
are  Messrs.  Horatio  Draper,  Geoffrey  Buckwalter 
and  George  E.  Fry  among  the  males ;  and  the 
Misses  Harriet  King,  Anita  Wright,  M.  Jennie 
Wood,  Sallie  T.  Brown,  Louisa  Ash,  Jennie  James, 
Sidney  L.  Anderson,  Sallie  E.  Hall,  ilary  L.  Mis- 
kelly,  Edith  G.  Heany,  Minnie  Titus,  Nellie  Or- 
cutt.  Belle  Mayberry,  Anna  Wood,  Mary  M. 
Reeve  and  Anna  Farrell  among  the  ladies. 

The  full  membership  of  the  Board  of  Education 
for  the  year  1886,  is  as  follows :  Stanley  Muschamp, 
James  R.  Carson,  Thomas  W.  Beattie,  Irvine  C. 
Beatty,  George  W.  Ealer,  Charles  S.  Ackley,  Wil- 
liam Ireton,  William  A.  Husted,  George  G.  Bun- 
dick,  Ellis  W.  Woolverton,  A.  S.  X.  Cowan,  James 
L.  Johnson,  Edward  S.  Matlack,  Edward  A.  Mar- 
tin, William  Drake,  James  Ware,  Jr. 

The  Newtox  Juvexile  Debatixg  Society 
was  organized  January  24,  1807,  by  a  number  of 
young  men  of  Camden  and  its  vicinity,  and  was 
quite  a  flourishing  society,  particularly  notable  as 
showing  the  tone  of  popular  feeling  and  taste 
among  the  young  men  of  the  time.  James  Cooper 
was  the  first  president  and  Joseph  Mickle  secre- 
tary and  treasurer.  The  original  members  were 
Isaac  Z.  Collings,  John  Hinchman,  Samuel  Hen- 
dry, Mason  Ward,  Jacob  Evaul,  George  Stokes, 
Joseph  Thackara,  John  Brown,  James  Cooper, 
Joseph  Mickle,  Samuel  Eastlack,  Samuel  Sloan, 
Isaac  Stokes,  Thomas  Donghten,  Joseph  Cooper, 
Thomas  Thackara,  David  Henry,  Jr.,  John  Sloan, 
Samuel  Knight,  Samuel  Blackwood,  Jonathan 
Knight,  Samuel  Barton  and  Isaac  Coraly. 

The  object  of  the  society  was  to  discuss  questions 
brought  before  them,  and  the  president  was  au- 
thorized to  issue  tickets  of  admission  to  the  debates 
to  persons  not  membere.  The  society  assembled 
at  Newton  Meeting  School-house,  Sloan's  School- 
house  and  at  convenient  places  in  and  near  the 
then  small  village  of  Camden  quite  regularly  for 
a  little  over  a  year,  and  the  society  then  passed 
out  of  existence.  It  seems  to  have  been  the 
pioneer  of  a  large  number  of  debating  and  literary 
societies,  lyceums,  etc.,  of  varying  degrees  of  ex- 
cellence, but  all  quite  ephemeral. 

WoKTHiXGTOs  LiBKARY  COMPANY. — This  com- 
pany was  organized  as  early  as  February,  183S,  and 
in  the  winter  of  1839-40  instituted  a  lecture  course. 
Lectures  were  delivered  in  the  lower  room  of  the 
Baptist  Church.      The  first  in  the  course  was  by 


506 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford,  who  was  followed  by  Abra- 
ham Browning,  Dr.  Caldwell,  Chauncey  Bulkley, 
William  J.  Allinson,  Samuel  K.  Gunnimere,  James 
Wilson,  Dr.  Earle  and  J.  R.  Chandler.  The  course 
of  1840-41  was  delivered  by  David  Paul  Brown, 
Eev.  George  Chandler,  E.  Morris,  John  M.  Eeed, 
Chauncey  Bulkley,  William  M.  Jeffers,  Job  E. 
Tyson,  Eev.  P.  E.  Moriarty,  J.  T.  S.  Sullivan  and 
Morton  McMichael. 

The  trustees  of  the  company  for  the  year  1840 
were  E.  Cole,  E.  W.  Ogden,  Jr.,  I.  Mickle,  J.  A. 
Balantine,  G.  Stevers,  Jr.,  J.  Folwell  and  S.  S.  E. 
Cowperthwait.  The  course  of  lectures  for  1841-42 
were  delivered  by  the  following  gentlemen  :  Hon. 
Samuel  L.  Southard,  David  Paul  Brown,  Esq., 
Philadelphia ;  Lucius  Q.  Elmer,  Bridgeton ;  Eev. 
F.  A.  Eustis,  Philadelphia;  J.  T.  S.  Sullivan 
Esq.,  Philadelphia;  Morton  McMichael,  Esq., 
Philadelphia;  William  B.  Kinney,  Esq.,  editor 
of  the  Newark  Daily  Advertiser;  Eichard  P. 
Thompson,  Salem,  N.  J. ;  James  T.  Sherman, 
Esq.,  editor  of  the  State  Gazette,  Trenton; 
William  D.  Kelly,  Esq.,  Philadelphia ;  Stacy  D. 
Potts,  Esq.,  Trenton  ;  Eichard  W.  Howell,  Esq., 
Camden  ;  Henry  S.  Patterson,  M.D.,  Philadelphia; 
William  N.  Jeffers,  Esq.,  Camden ;  Isaac  S.  Mul- 
ford, M.D.,  Camden;  and  L.  P.  Fisler,  M.D., 
mayor,  Camden. 

Private  Schools.— The  school,  conducted  by 
the  sisters.  Miss  Mary  G.  and  Miss  Annie  Grey 
has  firmly  established  for  itself,  by  over  twenty 
years  of  success,  an  excellent  reputation  as  a  first- 
class  seminary  for  young  ladies  and  little  girls. 
Originally  occupying  the  school  building  con- 
nected with  the  Friends'  Meeting-House,  it  was 
later  removed  to  its  present  location,  709  Market 
Street,  where  the  conveniences  of  commodious 
school  and  class-rooms  were  added  to  the  advantages 
resulting  from  faithful,  conscientious  teaching. 

The  course  of  instruction  comprises  all  the 
branches  of  a  thorough  English  education;  also 
French,  Latin,  German,  drawing  and  music. 

The  department  of  music,  conducted  by  Miss 
Annie  Grey,  has  for  years  furnished  thorough  in- 
struction to  pupils  seeking  to  perfect  themselves 
in  a  musical  education. 

The  Commercial  Institute,  at  No.  608  Broad- 
way, was  established  in  1882  by  Charles  M.  Abra- 
hamson.  Both  males  and  females  are  taught  in 
this  school.  In  1885  there  were  one  hundred  and 
nine  students  admitted  and  instructed;  the  present 
year,  1886,  there  are  forty-nine  in  attendance. 

A  Kindergarten  School  was  kept  for  some  years, 
at  No.  557  Mickle  Street,  by  Miss  Ida  L.  Warner, 
but,  in  July,  1886,  was  removed  to  Germantown. 


Mrs.  S.  A.  Wescott  was  for  four  years  the  prin- 
cipal of  the  Young  Ladies' Seminary,  at  No.  312 
Cooper  Street,  but  it  has  been  discontinued  since 
the  close  of  the  spring  term  of  the  present  year, 
1886. 

The  excellent  school  of  the  Misses  Northrop  was 
opened  in  1879,  as  a  Kindergarten  School,  and  in 
1885  became  a  graded  school  in  which  six  teachers 
are  employed.  During  the  year  1886,  a  large 
building  was  erected  on  Penn  Street,  where  the 
school  is  now  conducted. 

The  West  Jersey  Orphanage  for  colored 
children  is  situated  on  the  corner  of  Sixth  and 
Mechanic  Streets.  This  excellent  institution  owes 
its  origin  largely  to  the'  efforts  of  Mrs.  Martha  M. 
Kaighn,  Mrs.  Mary  E.  S.  Wood  and  Mrs.  Rebecca 
C.  W.  Eeeve.  The  object  of  the  Orphanage  is  to 
afford  a  home  for  destitute  colored  children  of 
Camden  County  and  neighboring  counties,  give 
them  the  rudiments  of  an  education  and  train 
them  to  habits  of  industry.  At  a  suitable  age  they 
are  indentured  to  respectable  families.  A  charter 
was  procured,  February  17,  1874,  and  the  institu- 
tion organized  by  the  selection  of  the  following 
board  of  trustees  : 


Joseph  M.  Kaighn,  president. 
Edw.  Bettle,  Ist  vice-president. 
Augustus  Reeves,  2d  vioe-pres. 
J.  E.   Atkinson,  recd'g  sect'y. 
Wm.  A.  French,  cor.  sect'y. 
Howard  M.  Cooper,  solicitor. 
Jacob  J.  Pitman. 
Joseph  M.  Cooper. 
John  Gill,  Jr. 


Wm.  Bettle. 

Geo.  K.  Johnson,  Jr. 

John  Cooper. 

Dr.  Isaac  B.  Mulford,  physician. 

Henry  Fredericks. 

John  C.  Stockham. 

Asahel  Troth. 

Alexander  C.  Wood. 

Joseph  B.  Cooper, 


Richard  H.  Reeve. 

The  members  of  the  original  board  of  managers 
were, — 


Martha  M.  Kaighn,  president. 
M.  P.  Bettle,  Ist  vice-president. 
M.  S.  Troth,  2d      '" 
Anna  Burroughs,  treasurer. 
Susan  S.  Atkinson,  rec'g  sect'y. 
Mary  M.  Mulford,  cor.  sect'y. 
Edith  E.  James. 
Jane  Bettle. 
Annie  S.  Baker. 
Elizabeth  Cooper. 
Sarah  Fredericks. 


Mary  H.  Pitman. 
Ellen  C.  Cooper. 
Mary  S.  Bettle. 
Rebecca  C.  W.  Reeve. 
Matilda  Buckius. 
Mary  M.  Cooper. 
Elizabeth  T.  Gill, 
Mary  B.  S.  Wood. 
Sallie  K.  Johuson. 
Mary  C.  Browning. 
Sallie  C.  Kaighn. 


Joseph  M.  Kaighn  donated  three  lots  of  ground 
at  Oak  and  Chestnut  Streets,  in  the  Seventh  Ward 
of  Camden,  and  three  adjoining  lots  were  pur- 
chased, the  intention  being  to  locate  the  Orphan- 
age there,  but  at  a  subsequent  meeting  it  was  de- 
cided to  purchase  of  James  W.  Purnell  the  two- 
story  brick,  built  by  Joseph  Kaighn  for  a  farm- 
house at  Sixth  and  Mechanic  Streets,  with  a  half- 
acre  of  ground.  A  few  necessary  repairs  and  al- 
terations were  made,  and  on  January  20,  1875,  the 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


507 


institution  was  opened,  with  Mrs.  Deborah  Rich- 
ardson as  Matron,  and  on  the  29th  of  that  month 
the  first  child  was  admitted.  Mrs.  Eichardson  re- 
mained in  charge  but  a  few  months  and  her  place 
was  filled  by  Mrs.  Jane  Price  as  matron,  and  her 
daughter,  Ida  Price,  as  teacher.  The  children  are 
taken  at  any  age  under  twelve  years  if  old  enough 
to  walk,  but  an  effort  is  made  to  find  them  homes 
before  they  are  eleven  years  of  age.  Of  those  who 
have  gone  out  from  the  Orphanage  very  favorable 
reports  have  been  received.  The  Orphanage  is 
supported  solely  by  the  free-will  oflFerings  of  be- 
nevolent persons.  During  the  year  1886  twenty- 
four  children  were  cared  for  in  it. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  for  1886  are,— 

H.  M.  Cooper,  president  and  solic-  Br.  Wallace  McGeorge. 

itor.  Joseph  B.  Cooper. 

Dr.  G.  W,  Bailey,  first  vice-pres.  Richard  H.  Eeeve. 

Daniel  Thackara,  second  vice-pres.  John  Cooper. 

Alexander  C.  Wo^d,  sec.  and  treas.  Augustus  Reeve. 

■William  Hettle.  John  Gill. 

George  K.  Johnson,  Jr.  Edward  L.  Farr. 

William  B.  Cooper.  Thomas  W.  Synnott. 

William  J.  Evans.  Ber^jamin  C.  Reeve. 

AVilliam  J.  Cooper.  David  E.  Cooper. 

The  board  of  managers  are, — 

Mary  35.  S.  Wood,  president,  Cin-  Lizzie  J.  Martindale. 

naminson.  Hettie  G.  Evans. 

Sallie  K.  Johnson,  first  vice-presi-  Maria  M.  Clement. 

dent.  Anne  J.  Stokes. 

Mary  S.  Bettle,  second  vice-presi-  Martha  C.  Stokes. 

dent.  Elizabeth  C.  Reeve. 

Rebecca  C.  W.  Reeve,  treaBurer.  Hannah  H.  Stokes. 

Hannah  F.  Carter,  recording  sec-  Mary  E.  Eyre. 

retary.  Abbie  B.  Warrington. 

Susan  S.  Wood,  corresponding  sec-  Rebecca  C.  Reeve. 

retary.  Anna  B.  Fowler. 

Sophia  Presley,  M.D.,  physician.  Lucy  S.  Cooper. 

Anna  S.  Stark.  Laura  W,  Scull. 

Mary  L.  Troth.  Caroline  Bettle. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

THE  MANTjrACTTJBING  INDUSTRIES. 

Iron  Works — Lumber  interests  of  Camden — Oil  Cloth  Manufactories 
— Woolen  and  Woreted  Mills — Miscellaneous  Industries — Car- 
riage Making— Shoe  and  Morocco  Factories. 

The  proximity  to  Philadelphia — the  greatest 
manufacturing  city  in  the  Union — the  superior  local 
resources,  the  many  eligible  sites,  and  the  situa- 
tion, being  near  the  great  marts  of  trade  and  com- 
merce of  the  seaboard  Stales,  have  been  the  causes 
of  Camden  developing  into  a  manufacturing  city 
of  great  importance  and  influence.  The  substan- 
tial prosperity  of  Camden  within  the  last  decade  has 
been  largely  due  to  the  establishment  of  manufac- 
turing industries  which  have  given  employment  to 
many   persons  who  found  homes  in  the  growing 


city.  A  sketch  of  many  of  the  minor  industries 
which  existed  at  a  former  day  is  given  in  the  early 
history  of  Camden.  A  description  and  a  history  of 
those  now  flourishing,  given  in  the  succeeding 
pages,  will  furnish  a  valuable  chapter  to  the 
"  History  of  Camden  County." 

IRON  WORKS. 

The  Camden  Iron  Works.— In  1845  John  F. 
Starr,  who  had  leased  the  iron  foundry  of  Eliaa 
Kaighn,  at  the  foot  of  Stevens  Street,  built  the 
Camden  Iron  Works,  on  the  north  side  of  Bridge 
Avenue,  above  Third  Street,  for  the  manufacture 
of  gas  works  machinery  and  steam-pipes.  He 
had  previously  been  associated  with  his  father, 
Moses  Starr,  and  brother,  Jesse  W.  Starr,  in  build- 
ing iron  steamboats — the  "  Conestoga,''  "  Inde- 
pendence "  and  "  Ida," — and  for  a  time  at  Hobo- 
ken,  N.  J.,  where  he  built  the  iron  steamboat "  John 
Stevens."  His  Camden  enterprise  was  a  success, 
and,  in  1846,  Jesse  W.  Starr,  taking  an  interest  in 
the  works,  another  foundry  amd  machine  shop  was 
started  on  Bridge  Avenue,  below  Second  Street, 
where  Jesse  W.  Starr  erected  the  large  three- 
story  brick  building,  long  known  as  Starr's  Hall, 
and  which  was  used  as  a  hardware  store.  The  firm 
then  employed  a  hundred  men,  but  orders  exceeded 
their  facilities,  and  in  1847  the  ground  was  bought 
on  Cooper's  Creek,  and  then  was  laid  the  founda- 
tion for  the  extensive  establishment  known  as  the 
Camden  Iron  Works,  now  one  of  the  most  ex- 
tensive manufacturing  industries  in  West  Jersey. 

In  1883  the  works  were  purchased  by  a  stock 
company,  in  which  R.  D.  Wood  &  Co.,  of  Phila- 
delphia, are  largely  interested.  The  works  had  not 
been  in  operation  for  nearly  two  years  previous  to 
this  purchase,  but  were  successfully  started  again 
in  the  fall  of  1883,  after  some  needed  improve- 
ments had  been  made.  Early  in  1884  the  entire 
works  were  in  full  operation,  and  since  that  time 
have  been  steadily  running  to  their  full  capacity. 
The  buildings  in  which  the  difiTerent  branches  of 
the  business  are  carried  on,  cover  an  area  of  twenty 
acres,  with  an  additional  tract  of  twenty-one  acres, 
used  for  storing  material  and  manufactured  pro- 
ducts. The  buildings  include  six  large  foundries 
for  the  manufacture  of  cast-iron  pipes,  machinery 
for  gas  works,  water  works  plants  and  other  heavy 
machinery,  one  large  machine  shop,  two  boiler 
shops,  carpenter  and  pattern  shops,  blacksmith 
shops,  store-houses,  offices  and  stables.  These  are 
all  conveniently  located  on  the  grounds.  Five 
powerful  steam-engines  supply  the  motive-power 
of  the  many  and  varied  patterns  of  improved  and 
automatic  machinery  used  in  the  mechanical  de- 


508 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


partment  of  the  works.  Two  large  duplex  pumping 
engines  furnish  the  water  supply  for  fire  protection 
and  general  purposes.  Coopers  Creek,  which  is 
navigahle  some  distance  ahove  the  works,  gives  the 
company  excellent  facilities  for  water  transporta- 
tion, and  several  branch  tracks  of  the  Camden  and 
Amboy  Railroad  enter  the  works  at  various  points. 
About  eight  hundred  men  are  employed  in  the 
different  departments.  The  products  of  the  Cam- 
den Iron  Works  have  acquired  a  great  reputation 
for  excellence  of  manufacture.  They  are  shipped 
and  supplied  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States. 
■R.  D.  Wood  &.  Co.  now  operate  the  works.  Walter 
Wood,  of  Philadelphia,  is  president,  and  John 
Graham,  Jr.,  also  of  Philadelphia,  is  the  general 
manager. 

The  M.  a.  Fuebush  &  Son  Machine  Co.  own 
extensive  machine-shops  at  the  corner  of  Twelfth 
Street  and  Market.  It  is  one  of  the  most  prom- 
inent manufacturing  enterprises  in  the  city  of  Cam- 
den, and  gives  regular  employment  to  about  three 
hundred  workmen.  A  great  variety  of  machinery 
for  woolen-mills  is  here  manufactured.  The  works 
were  erected  and  the  business  originally  established 
in  1 863,  by  the  firm  of  Furbush  &  Gage.  In  1869 
Mr.  Gage  retired  from  the  firm,  and  Merrill  A.  Fur- 
bush,  in  partnership  with  Charles  A.  Furbush,  his 
son,  continued  the  business,  under  the  firm-name 
of  M.  A.  Furbush  &  Son,  until  January,  1884, 
when  a  charter  of  incorporation  was  obtained  as 
the  M.  A.  Furbush  &  Son  Machine  Company. 
The  business  has  gradually  increased,  and  is  now 
a  very  productive  industry.  The  machinery  made 
at  these  works  is  sold  throughout  the  United 
States,  Canada  and  South  America.  An  area  of 
twelve  acres,  surrounded  by  Market  and  Twelfth 
Streets,  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  and  Coopers 
Creek,  is  owned  and  occupied  by  this  company, 
and  several  large  brick  buildings,  covering  four 
acres  of  this  tract,  constitute  the  shops  where  this 
extensive  business  is  done.  The  machinery  of  the 
works  is  driven  by  a  one  hundred  and  fifty  horse- 
power engine,  supplied  by  three  huge  boilers. 

The  Camden  Tool  and  Tube  Works. — This 
large  manufacturing  establishment,  located  at  the 
corner  of  Second  Street  and  Stevens,  is  a  branch  of 
the  Reading,  Pa.,  Iron  Works.  The  large,  three- 
story  brick  building,  whose  dimensions  are  one 
hundred  by  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet,  was  built  by 
John  Kaighn,  and  originally  us^d  by  him  for  the 
manufacture  of  agricultural  implements.  It  was  af- 
terwards used  by  John  H.  Dialogue,  the  ship-build- 
er, as  a  machine  and  boiler-shop,  and  also  for  a 
foundry.  Previous  to  1864  it  was  known  as  Griffith's 
Pipe-Finishing  Mill.     In  1864  the  Reading  Iron 


Works  purchased  the  entire  property,  introduced 
new  machinery,  made  other  improvements  and 
began  the  manufacture  of  wrought-iron  tubes, 
hand  and  power  screw-cutting  machines,  screwing- 
stocks  and  dies,  drill-stocks,  dies,  taps,  reamers, 
tongs  and  other  tools  used  by  gas-fitters  and 
plumbers.  A  twenty-five  horse-power  engine 
drives  the  machinery  of  the  works.  Fifty  work- 
men are  regularly  employed.  The  location  of  the 
works,  near  the  Delaware  River,  and  near  the  ter- 
minus of  the  Camden  and  Amboy,  Camden  and 
New  York,  New  Jersey  Southern,  and  Central 
Railroads,  affords  easy  and  quick  access  to  the  sea- 
board and  inland  towns  and  cities,  where  the  pro- 
ducts of  manufacture  are  sent.  The  superintend- 
ent of  these  works  is  C.  W.  Thompson. 

The  Coopers  Point  Iron  Works  were  estab- 
lished in  1867  by  Fullerton  &  Hollingshead,  who 
continued  to  operate  them  until  1879,  when  Charles 
F.  Hollingshead  became  the  sole  proprietor.  The 
large,  three-story  brick  building,  one  hundred  by 
one  hundred  and  twenty  feet,  is  fitted  throughout 
with  improved  machinery  for  the  production  of 
finished  work  in  the  two  departments  of  general 
machinery  and  of  iron  railing.  In  the  first  depart- 
ment steam-engines,  boilers,  pulleys,  shafting  and 
mill-gearing  are  manufactured.  In  the  second 
department  all  kinds  of  plain  and  ornamental  iron 
railing  and  fencing,  awning-frames,  window-guards, 
lot-in  closures,  fire-escapes,  iron  roofing,  trusses, 
etc.,  are  made.  The  machinery  is  driven  by  an  en- 
gine of  fifty  horse-power.  A_large  force  of  work- 
men is  employed  in  the  different  departments. 

Pearl  Street  Iron  Foundry,  at  the  foot  of 
Pearl  Street,  is  owned  and  operated  by  Johnson 
&  Holt,  who  are  engaged  in  the  general  iron 
foundry  business.  In  1881  this  firm  established 
the  foundry  for  the  manufacture  of  gray  iron  cast- 
ings of  various  kinds  desired  by  the  trade.  The 
main  foundry  building  is  one  hundred  by  fifty  feet, 
and  adjoiningit  are  several  smaller  structures  used 
for  cleaning,  polishing  and  shipping  the  products 
of  manufacture.  The  foundry  in  all  its  departments 
is  furnished  with  ample  motive-power  and  the 
present  demand  for  this  class  of  iron  castings  from 
this  foundry  gives  employment  to  thirty-five 
workmen.  The  trade  is  mostly  local,  but  is  grad- 
ually extending  to  several  adjacent  States.  Nelson 
W.  Johnson  and  Benj.  Holt  are  the  co-partners 
and  have  built  works  at  the  foot  of  Elm  Street, 
with  more  extended  facilities  of  manufacture  than 
the  place  now  operated. 

Camden  Machine  Works  are  situated  at  the 
foot  of  Cooper  Street.  The  site  on  which  they  are 
built  is  a  water  lot  which  was  purchased  in  1878  by 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


509 


Charles  E.  Derby  and  Joseph  P.  Weatherby,  who 
for  fifteen  years  previously  had  been  proprietors  of 
the  machine  works  on  North  Front  Street,  under 
the  firm-name  of  Derby  &  Weatherby.  The  place 
originally  not  being  suited  for  the  wants  of  this 
increased  business,  the  large  two-story  brick  factory 
building,  fifty  by  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet,  now 
occupied,  was  built.  It  was  then  fitted  with  suit- 
able machinery  for  the  manufacture  of  appliances 
for  hoisting  apparatus,  dredging  machines,  engines 
and  for  repairing  machinery  of  diiferent  kinds. 
The  wharf  property  extends  one  hundred  and  sixty 
feet  on  Delaware  A.venne  and  continues  westward 
to  the  riparian  or  port  warden  line,  with  an  open 
space  to  form  two  landings,  the  water  dock,  eighty 
by  seven  hundred  feet,  being  between.  This  dock 
is  for  the  accommodation  of  tug-boats  and  steamers 
needing  repairs  and  it  also  oiTers  facilities  for  un- 
loading cargoes  from  vessels,  and  for  shipment. 
Nearly  every  manufactory  from  the  lower  end  of 
Kaighns  Point  to  the  upper  end  of  Coopers  Point, 
as  also  all  the  ferry  companies,  have  their  machin- 
ery made  or  repaired  by  this  firm.  Thirty  work- 
men are  employed,  and  the  trade  extends  to  many 
localities  in  the  adjacent  States. 

Machine  Tool  Manufactory. — The  manu- 
facture of  machinists'  tools  in  their  various  forms 
is  an  industry  of  considerable  importance  to  Cam- 
den as  a  manufacturing  city.  In  1881,  J.  F.  Blair 
started  an  establishment  for  this  purpose  at  the 
corner  of  Point  and  Pearl  Streets,  and  in  1882  ad- 
mitted J.  G.  Gage  as  a  partner.  The  business  was 
extended  to  include  the  manufacture  of  engine 
lathes  and  special  machinery  In  1883  the  interest 
of  J.  G.  Gage  was  transferred  to  D.  T.  Gage,  and  the 
firm  is  now  known  as  J.  F.  Blair  &  Co.  A  large 
and  increasing  business  is  done  not  only  in  the 
manufacture,  but  also  in  the  repairing  of  machine 
tools,  for  saw-mills,  planing-mills  and  grist-mills  in 
the  surrounding  country.  From  twenty-five  to 
thirty  workmen  are  employed.  The  business  office 
of  this  establishment  is  at  No.  118  Market  Street, 
Philadelphia. 

The  Standard  Machine  Works,  at  Nos.  117, 
119  and  121  North  Front  Street,  occupy  a  large 
portion  of  a  square.  This  productive  industry  is 
owned  by  Samuel  N.  Shreve,  Esq.,  who  in  1884 
conducted  a  manufactory  of  similar  kind  at  the 
corner  of  Second  Street  and  Stevens.  In  the  de- 
structive cyclone  of  August  3,  1885,  this  establish- 
ment was  blown  down  and  he  at  once  resumed 
business  at  the  present  location.  The  ample 
equipments  of  these  works  in  improved  machinery 
are  adapted  to  the  production  of  machine  work  of 
various  kinds  and  mill  repairs.  In  connection  with 
61 


this  industry  a  large  number  of  workmen  are  em- 
{)loyed  in  the  manufacture  of  Gray's  patent  revolv- 
ing screw  machine,  and  the  Louderback  combi- 
nation tool.  Of  the  latter  specialty  one  thousand 
and  five  hundred  pairs  are  made  weekly.  Forty- 
five  workmen  are  constantly  employed. 

The  Camden  Architectural  Iron  Works, 
at  Nos.  Ill,  113  and  115  North  Front  Street,  were 
established  in  1870  by  John  F.  Starr,  Jr.,  who 
operated  them  until  1882,  when  James  A.  Carr  and 
Adam  C.  Smith  bought  his  interest  and  the  ma- 
chinery, and  under  the  firm-name  of  Carr  &  Smith 
have  since  operated  them.  A  considerable  business 
has  been  done  in  the  manufacture  of  heaters  and 
ranges.  Galvanized  iron  cornices,  window  caps, 
dormer  windows,  building  trimmings,  tin,  slate  and 
corrugated  iron  roofing,  awnings  and  weather  vanes 
are  made  at  these  works.  This  firm  has  the  exclu- 
sive right  for  the  manfacture  of  Starr's  ImprovedEx- 
panding  Water  Conductor  or  rain  spouts  of  eight 
feetinlength,  without  a  cross  seam,  andmadeof  gal- 
vanized iron.  Fifty -seven  workmen  are  employed 
and  the  manufactured  products  are  shipped  over  a 
large  area  of  the  United  States.  The  firm  is  pre- 
paring to  build  an  extensive  addition  to  the 
establishment,  especially  for  facilitating  the  pro- 
duction of  galvanized  architectural  designs. 

The'  American  Nickel  Works  are  situated 
on  the  east  side  of  Tenth  Street,  extending  to 
Coopers  Creek,  south  of  State  Street.  This  estab- 
lishment, covering  an  area  of  two  and  a  half  acres, 
occupies  the  site  of  a  smaller  one  commenced  in 
1840,  and  which  was  rebuilt  in  1862  by  the  present 
owner  and  proprietor  on  an  enlarged  scale.  In 
1872  the  works  were  destroyed  by  fire,  and  soon 
after  rebuilt  and  greatly  improved.  The  works  are 
specially  designed  for  the  manufacture  of  nickel, 
cobalt  oxides,  blue  vitriol,  copperas,  nickel  salts, 
etc.,  from  the  ores  of  the  Gap  nickel  mines,  in  Lan- 
caster County,  Pa.,  which,  with  the  works,  are 
owned  and  conducted  by  the  general  manager, 
Joseph  Wharton.  No  other  nickel  or  cobalt  works 
exist  in  this  country,  though  ores  of  these  metals 
occur  in  many  places.  Three  large  engines  are 
required  as  a  motive-power  for  the  machinery  and 
fromsixty  to  eighty  hands  are  constantly  employed. 

The  Esterbrook  Steel  Pen  Company. — 
The  manufacture  of  steel  pens  is  comparatively 
a  new  industry.  The  establishment  engaged  in 
the  production  «f  them  in  Camden  is  the  oldest 
and  by  far  the  most  extensive  one  in  the  United 
States,  there  being  but  two  or  three  others  in  this 
country.  The  early  history  of  steel  pen  making  is 
herein  briefly  given : 

A  Eoman  metal  pen  is  said  to  have  been  found 


510 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


at  Aosta,  not  a  mere  stylus,  but  a  bronze  pen  slit, 
and  there  is  some  evidence  of  a  pea  or  reed  of 
bronze  nearly  as  early  as  the  invention  of  printing 
in  the  fifteenth  century.  A  hundred  years  ago 
some  steel  pens  were  made  in  Birmingham  by  Mr. 
Harrison  for  Dr.  Priestly,  and  some  of  these  passed 
into  the  hands  of  Sir  Joseph  Mason  in  his  early 
days  with  Mr.  Harrison,  but  all  seem  to  be  lost. 
The  first  pen  of  metal  of  a  definite  date,  beyond  all 
question,  is  one  in  a  Dutch  patent-book  of  1717. 
At  the  same  time  a  polite  ode  of  Pope  refers  to  a 
"steel  and  gold  pen,"  but  these  were  evidently  lux- 
uries only.  It  was  about  1823  or  1824  that  the 
great  revolution  came  by  which  pens  were  made 
by  a  cheaper  process — the  hand-screw  press,  which 
pierced  the  pens  from  sheet  steel.  Previously,  pens 
had  been  made  from  steel  rolled  into  tube  fashion, 
and  the  joint  formed  the  slit ;  but  these  required 
considerable  labor  to  shape  them  into  pen-form. 
The  use  of  the  screw -press  belongs  to  the  period  of 
John  Mitchell,  Joseph  Gillott  and  Josiah  Mason  ; 
but  on  a  careful  review  of  the  facts,  it  seems  to  be 
clear  that  John  Mitchell  has  the  best  claim  to  be 
considered  as  the  introducer  of  press-made  pens. 
Skinner,  of  Shefiield,  England,  was  apparently  one 
of  the  -first  to  cheapen  steel  pens,  but  his  produc- 
tions were  soon  surpassed  when  the  screw-press 
was  introduced. 

The  Esterbrook  steel  pen  factory,  the  first  one  of 
its  kind  in  America,  was  established  in  1860  by 
the  present  head  of  the  company,  Richard  Ester- 
brook,  and  his  son,  who  came  from  England.  The 
business  was  started  on  the  site  now  occupied,  in 
a  small  building,  with  ten  employees,  and  ten  vari- 
eties of  pens  were  made.  Since  that  time  extensive 
improvements  and  additions  have  been  made.  The 
main  building  is  a  large  four-story  structure,  con- 
taining conveniently-arranged  apartments,  and 
supplied  with  the  best  improved  engines,  machin- 
ery and  other  appliances  needed.  There  are  now 
about  fifty  men  and  two  hundred  and  fifty  women 
regularly  employed,  and  four  hundred  styles  of 
steel  pens  are  made.  Many  kinds  and  styles  of 
pens  are  here  manufactured  for  other  firms,  whose 
names  are  placed  on  the  pens  and  thus  sold  to  the 
trade,  but  the  Esterbrook  pens  are  known  to  nearly 
every  school-boy,  school-girl  and  accountant  in 
the  land.  They  have  been  largely  sold  in  Canada, 
England,  Germany,  Cuba  and  South  America. 
There  is  probably  no  other  establishment  operated 
with  better  system  than  this  one.  Some  of  the 
employees  have  been  continuously  engaged  for  a 
period  of  twenty  or  more  years,  and  are  therefore 
skilled  workmen.  When  new  employees  enter  a 
pertain  department  they  are  continued  there,  and 


thus  by  long  experience  become  experts  in  that 
department.  They  are  paid  in  accordance  with 
the  amount  of  work  performed. 

The  manufacture  begins  with  the  steel,  shipped 
from  Shefiield,  England,  which,  after  going  through 
various  transformations  and  interesting  processes, 
eventually  comes  out  the  delicately-formed  and 
serviceable  steel  pen,  now  the  necessary  property 
of  every  intelligent  individual. 

Few  persons  without  careful  observation  of  the 
minute  details  of  steel  pen  making  will  compre- 
hend how  much  care  and  delicate  workmanship  is 
required  in  the  manufacture  of  the  finished  article. 
The  business  of  this  establishment  was  conducted 
by  Esterbrook  &  Son  for  a  few  years,  when  an 
incorporated  company  was  formed.  The  present 
ofiicers  of  the  company,  under  whose  management 
it  is  now  successfully  conducted,  are :  President, 
Richard  Esterbrook  ;  Treasurer,  Alexander  Wood; 
and  Secretary,  Francis  Wood. 

LuMBEK  Interests  of  Camden. 

Early  in  the  history  of  Camden,  the  large  flats 
on  the  river-shore,  from  Market  St.  to  Coopers 
Point,  and  also  down  to  Kaighns  Point,  during 
the  rafting  season,  was  covered  with  lumber  of 
such  kinds  and  qualities  as  were  calculated  to 
meet  the  demands  of  the  trade.  The  shore-line 
of  Philadelphia  being  such  as  to  prevent  the  stor- 
ing of  lumber  there,  of  necessity  more  eligible  lo- 
cations were  sought,  which  eventuated  in  the  Cam- 
den side  being  early  selected,  not  only  to  supply 
the  local  trade,  but  for  the  general  and  wholesale 
trade  and  for  ship-building  purposes.  The  busi- 
ness has  been  the  most  extensively  carried  on 
in  Camden  since  1850,  since  which  time  thousands 
of  rafts  along  the  river  have  been  brought  here 
from  the  lumber  districts  in  Central  and  Northern 
Pennsylvania,  and  from  the  head-waters  of  the 
Delaware,  in  Northern  Pennsylvania  and  Southern 
New  York.  The  great  distributing  point  for  the 
Pennsylvania  white-pine  lumber  for  more  than 
half  a  century,  and,  to  a  considerable  extent  yet, 
is  at  Port  Deposit,  Md.,  the  head  of  tide-water, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Susquehanna.  To  this  point, 
from  up  the  river,  thousands  of  rafts  were,  and  still 
are,  floated  annually.  The  Camden  lumber  deal- 
ers went  there  during  the  rafting  season  in  the 
spring  of  the  year,  purchased  large  rafts,  separated 
them  in  parts,  and,  either  by  floating  them  on  the 
water,  or  by  loading  them  on  schooners,  brought 
them  through  the  Delaware  and  Chesapeake  Canal 
and  up  the  Delaware  to  Camden.  Sometimes  rafts 
were  bought  by  Camden  dealers  at  Marietta,  on 
the  Susquehanna,  in  Pennsylvania,  which  for, more 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


511 


than  half  a  century  was  a  great  market  for  the  pine 
and  oak  timber  brought  there  from  the  head-wa- 
ters of  the  Susquehanna. 

Much  of  the  lumber  of  the  present  day  is  shipped 
here  by  rail,  in  the  form  of  boards  and  manufac- 
tured lumber  in  various  shapes,  from  the  great  lum- 
ber centres  of  the  West,  and  Central  Pennsylvania. 

Among  the  first  lumber  dealers  in  Camden  was 
Charles  Ellis,  who,  in  1820  and  later,  was  engaged 
in  the  business,  and  also  kept  store  on  the  south- 
west corner  of  Second  Street  and  Market^  and 
Richardson  Andrews,  about  the  same  time,  had  a 
lumber-yard  on  the  corner  of  Third  and  Cooper ; 
Andrews  had  a  lumber-yard  on  Market  above 
Fourth,  where  he  made  shingles.  The  shav- 
ings were  put  upon  the  street  and  it  was  known  as 
"  Shingle-Shaving  Hill."  This  was  the  term  ap- 
plied to  the  locality  on  the  east  side  of  Fourth 
Street  north  and  south  of  Market.  There  was  a 
large  pond  extending  north  from  the  Baptist 
Church,  and  into  this  Richardson  Andrews  and 
Isaac  Wilkins  dumped  their  shingle-shavings,  until 
the  mound  served  the  boys  of  1815-20  for  coasting 
purposes  in  the  winter  season.  Andrews  was  the 
father  of  Samuel  and  Edward  P.  Andrews.  He 
lived  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Third  Street  and 
Cooper,  and  his  lumber-yard  and  shingle-shop  was 
to  the  east.  Isaac  Wilkins'  lumber  and  shingle- 
yard  was  at  Front  and  Market,  extending  as  far 
east  as  the  State  Bank, 

Gideon  Stivers,  a  bridge-builder  and  carpenter, 
was  a  resident  of  Camden  from  about  1816,  and 
later  he  had  a  shop  on  the  corner  of  Fourth  and 
Market,  on  the  site  of  Odd-Fellows  Hall.  Stivers 
was  a  builder  of  considerable  note  and  erected 
Coopers  Creek  Bridge,  the  bridge  at  the  Falls  of 
Schuylkill  and  St.  Paul's  Episcopal  Church,  Cam- 
den. He  continued  in  business  in  Camden  until 
after  1840.  In  the  year  1827  James  Bromall,  as- 
sisted by  Joseph  Edwards,  proprietor  of  the  distil- 
lery on  Front  Street,  erected  a  saw-mill  on  William 
Carman's  land,  between  Coopers  Point  Ferry  and 
Cooper  Street  Ferry.  This  soon  after  was  owned 
and  operated  by  William  Carman,  and  was  con- 
tinued until  July  8,  1835,  when  it  was  destroyed 
by  fire,  with  large  piles  of  lumber  adjacent.  Fire 
companies  from  Philadelphia  and  Camden  were 
at  the  place  and  assisted  in  extingishing  the  flames, 
until  the  Philadelphia  companies  were. summoned 
to  return  by  the  old  State  House  bell  announcing 
a  fire  in  that  city.  Mr.  Carman  at  once  began  the 
construction  of  a  larger  mill  upon  the  premises,  and 
in  November  following  a  main  building,  forty-four 
by  -eighty  feet,  and  a  fire-proof  engine-house, 
twenty  by  thirty-six  feet,  were  erected  and  fitted 


with  a  twenty  horse-power  engine,  two  large  saws 
and  a  circular  saw.  He  also  erected  a  range  of 
buildings  for  employees.  In  addition  to  the  manu- 
facturing of  lumber,  Lehigh  and  Schuylkill  coal 
was  kept  for  sale.  This  mill  was  again  destroyed 
on  the  night  of  June  7,  1845,  and  another  saw-mill 
belonging  to  him,  on  the  5th  of  November  the 
same  year.  They  were  both  rebuilt  and  the  busi- 
ness was  conducted  many  years.  The  mills  on  the 
site  are  now  owned  by  George  Barrett  &  Co.  In 
1840  and  before,  Carpenter  &  Flannigan  owned  a 
saw-mill  and  lumber-yard,  and  a  flouring-mill 
along  the  Delaware  River,  north  of  Penn  Street. 
They  did  a  good  business,  supplying,  many  large 
contracts,  and  prospered  in  their  occupatioa.  In 
1854,  or  thereabouts,  McKeen  &  Bingham  succeeded 
them  in  the  ownership  of  this  yard  and  ran  the 
saw-mill,  but  after  continuing  for  a  few  years  with 
success,  the  entire  interest  was  destroyed  by  fire. 
As  they  did  not  own  the  land  upon  which  the 
yard  and  mills  were  situated,  the  business,  after 
the  fire,  was  discontinued  at  this  point.  Ackley 
■&  Wharton,  and  afterwards  Abraham  Ackley  alone, 
for  many  years  owned  a  lumber-yard  which  was 
situated  on  Front  Street,  below  Market.  In  order 
tobetter  his  location  he  secured  a  more  eligible  spot 
and  moved  his  yard  down  to  the  corner  of  Second 
Street  and  Stevens,  where  Joseph  Cooper  became 
associated  with  him  in  the  business,  under  the  firm- 
name  of  Ackley  &  Cooper.  In  1820  Isaac  Smith 
was  one  of  the  first  lumber  dealers  in  Camden,  and 
also  owned  a  large  grocery  store.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  John  Browning,  who  was  the  owner 
of  a  lumber-yard  above  Market  Street,  and  also 
sold  lime. 

William  Carman,  who  started  in  the  lumber 
business  at  the  foot  of  Linden  Street,  and  on 
Pearl  Street,  erected  a  steam  saw-mill,  as  above 
mentioned,  and  enjoyed  a  large  trade,  the  man- 
agement of  which  was  under  the  control  of  George 
Stockham,  the  eldest  brother  of  Charles  Stockham, 
the  well-known  lumber  merchant,  whose  yard  and 
mill  are  at  the  foot  of  Vine  Street.  In  1852  Wil- 
liam S.  Doughten  and  Henry  B.  Wilson,  under  the 
firm-name  of  Doughten  &  Wilson,  engaged  in  the 
lumber  business  at  Kaighns  Point  ^nd  were  the 
pioneers  in  the  business  in  the  lower  part  of  the 
city.  Their  yard  was  situated  on  Front  Street,  be- 
tween Kaighn  Avenue  and  Chestnut  Streets  They 
did  a  general  lumber  business  together  until  1859. 
Mr. Wilson  then  opened  a  lumber-yard  in  Glouces- 
ter. He  is  now  the  well-known  coal  dealer,  with 
his  yard  at  Kaighn  Avenue.  Mr.  Doughten  built 
a  planing-mill  and  afterwards  became  a  partner 
with  Charles  B.  Coles  in  the  same  business.    Nor- 


512 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


cross  &  Streets  started  a  lumber-yard  at  Ferry 
Avenue  and  Mechanic  Street  in  1852,  but  soon 
thereafter  moved  to  Philadelphia. 

The  steam  sawmill,  planing-mill  and  lum- 
ber-yard at  the  foot  of  Vine  Street,  now  owned  and 
operated  by  Mr.  Charles  Stockham,  were  originated 
by  Dock,  Ott  &De  Haven  in  the  year  1852.  They 
previously  had  operated  the  Carman  mill.  Messrs. 
Dock,  Ott  &  De  Haven  continued  in  the  business 
but  a  short  time,  when  Mr.  De  Haven  purchased 
the  entire  interest  and  the  ground  upon  which  the 
mills  and  yard  were  situated,  and  in  1859  dis- 
posed of  them  to  Charles  Stockham  and  his  broth- 
er, John  Stockham.  The  firm  of  J.  &  C.  Stock- 
ham continued  to  exist  from  April,  1856,  to  April, 
1882,  a  period  of  twenty-six  years,  during  which 
time  they  met  with  continued  prosperity.  John 
Stockham,  in  1882,  retired  from  business  and  moved 
to  a  delightful  home  in  Harford  County,  Md., 
where  he  now  owns  four  large  farms,  twenty- 
three  hundred  acres,  and  there  lives  in  retire- 
ment. Charles  Stockham  has  been  the  sole  pro- 
prietor in  the  business  and  is  also  the  owner  of 
several  farms  in  Maryland.  When  the  Stockhams 
purchased  the  mills  and  lumber-yard ;  from  Mr. 
De  Haven  they  made  the  necessary  improvements 
for  the  manufacture  of  heavy  lumber  for  ship- 
builders, for  joists  and  for  derricks,  using  for  this 
purpose  heavy  white  pine  and  oak  timber,  which 
was  obtained  from  the  forests  of  Pennsylvania 
and  from  the  South. 

They  did  a  very  extensive  and  prosperous  busi- 
ness before,  during  and  since  the  war,  selling  large 
orders  of  white-oak  lumber  to  the  various  ship- 
builders in  the  large  cities  along  the  coast  of  New 
Jersey,  Maine  and  Massachusetts.  Their  trade  in 
oak  lumber  for  a  time  was  with  the  Eastern  States, 
especially  the  State  of  Maine.  They  purchased  an 
interest  in  vessels,  upon  which  entire  cargoes  of 
lumber  were  sent  to  the  New  England  coast  and 
elsewhere.  The  pine  lumber  which  Mr.  Stock- 
ham manufactures  is  largely  obtained  in  rafts  from 
the  lumber  region  of  the  Susquehanna  Biver,  in 
Pennsylvania.  His  lumber-yards  and  the  mills 
cover  an  area  of  several  acres,  on  which  an  average 
of  three  million  five  hundred  thousand  feet  of  lum- 
ber of  all  kinds  and  varieties  have  been  kept  in 
store.  A  very  substantial  saw-mill  was  erected, 
which  is  now  supplied  with  a  planer,  three  sets  of 
lathes,  vertical  and  circular  saws,  which  are  driven 
by  an  engine  of  eighty  horse-power.  In  the  steam 
planing-mill  and  saw-mill  some  of  the  sawed  lum- 
ber is  prepared  for  the  use  of  contractors  and  for 
builders'  supplies. 

Mr.   Charles  Stockham,   the   enterprising  pro- 


prietor of  the  industry  above  described,  and 
who  has  filled  an  important  position  in  the 
lumber  and  other  business  interests  of  Camden, 
is  of  English  descent.  His  grandfather,  George 
Stockham,  was  born  in  Bristol,  England.  In 
the  year  1766  he  came  to  America,  landed  at 
Philadelphia  and  soon  thereafter  settled  at  a  place 
now  known  as  Schenck's,  on  Penn's  Manor,  near 
Bristol,  in  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania,  going  back 
to  England  the  next  year,  where  he  was  married  to 
Elizabeth  Biss,  of  his  native  town.  In  1767  he  re- 
turned, with  his  wife,  to  Bucks  County,  where  he 
first  located,  and  there  followed  the  occupation  of 
a  farmer  until  his  death,  at  the  advanced  age  of 
eighty-four  years.  By  this  marriage  were  born 
three  sons, — Thomas,  George  and  John.  The 
youngest  son,  John  Stockham,  was  born  near  Bris- 
tol, Pa.,  and  in  1824  moved  to  Harford  County, 
Md.,  where  he  afterwards  biscame  a  successful 
farmer,  owning  and  cultivating  a  large  farm  until 
the  time  of  this  death,  at  the  age  of  seventy-three 
years.  He  was  married  to  Alice  Smith,  of  Bristol, 
Bucks  County,  Pa.  Their  four  sons  were  George, 
a  successful  lumber  merchant  of  Philadelphia; 
Thomas,  a  farmer  of  Maryland ;  John,  mentioned 
above  as  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  in  Cam- 
den; and  Charles.  Charles  Stockham  was  born 
near  Bristol,  Pa.,  in  1820.  When  he  was  but  four 
years  old  his  father  moved  to  Harford  County,  Md., 
where  he  attended  the  schools  in  the  vicinity  of 
his  home  and  worked  on  his  father's  farm  until  the 
age  of  eighteen  years,  and  in  1838  he  came  to  Cam- 
den to  live  with  his  brother  George,  then  engaged 
in  the  lumber  business.  He  attended  a  Friends' 
school  in  Philadelphia,  and  soon  afterward  became 
a  salesman  of  his  brother  George,  then  in  the  lum- 
ber business  at  Beach  and  Norris  Streets,  Phila- 
delphia, until  1856,  when  he  engaged  in  the 
lumber  business  with  his  brother  John,  as  above 
described,  and  in  which  business  he  has  met 
with  uninterrupted  success.  For  many  years  he 
has  been  a  stockholder  and  a  director  in  the 
First  National  Bank  of  Camden.  Mr.  Stockham 
is  a  man  of  plain,  unassuming  manners,  care- 
ful and  judicious  in  all  his  business  relations, 
a  good  judge  of  values,  and,  through  his  native 
energy  and  individual  attention  to  the  interests  of 
his  business,  has  had  a  prosperous  and  successful 
career  in  life.  Originally  a  staunch  Whig  in  the 
days  of  that  party,  he  has  since  been  an  ardent 
advocate  of  the  principles  of  the  Republican  party, 
though  he  never  asked  or  desired  positions  of 
political  preferment.  Mr.  Stockham  was  married, 
in  1858,  to  Mary  Humes  Tomb,  a  descendant  of  a 
prominent  English  family,  of  which  the  late  Gen- 


^^a 


^^ 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


513 


eral  Robert  Toombs,  of  Georgia,  and  Hon.  Jacob 
Tome,  of  Maryland,  with  a  slight  change  in  the 
spelling,  are  representatives.     Her  lather,  George 
Tomb,  who  married  Jane  Humes,  of  Milton,  Pa.,  was 
a  native  of  Lycoming  County,  Pa.   He  was  largely 
engaged  in  the  general  merchandising,  farming  and 
lumber  business  of  that  section,  and  was  a  director 
and  stockholder  in   the  Williamsport  Bank,  but 
spent  most  of  his  time  as  a  practical  civil  engineer 
and  general  contractor  of 'large  enterprises.   He  su- 
perintended the  construction  of  the  dam  and  bridge 
across  the  Susquehanna  Biver,  at  Columbia,  Pa., 
where'the  Tide- Water  Canal  crosses  that  stream. 
He  also  entered  into  a  contract  and  made  the  Kana- 
wha River,  in  West  Virginia,  navigable  for  steam- 
boats.    Mr.  Tomb  died  at  the  age  of  seventy-seven 
years,  his  widow  still  surviving  him.  The  children 
of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  Stockham  are  Laura  (mar- 
ried to  Richard  Pancoast,  of  Camden,  with  whom 
she  has  two  sons,  Charles  and  Richard) ;   George  T. 
engaged  in  the  commission  business  in  Philadelphia; 
Edward,   who,  in   1885,  entered  the  United  States 
Military  Academy,  at  West  Point,  where  he  has 
gained  prominence  for  proficiency  in  his  studies ; 
and  Mary  H.  Stockham,  the  youngest  daughter, 
who  is  at  home. 

Scudder's  Steam  Planing  -  Mill,  at  Front 
Street  and  Arch,  has  been  in  constant  operation 
since  1866,  and  was  established  by  John  B.  Thomp- 
son for  the  manufacture  of  doors,  sash,  blinds, 
shutters,  mouldings,  scroll  work  and  other  kinds 
of  builders'  material.  In  1868  W.  C.  Scudder  and 
Robert  C.  Cook  bought  the  mill  and  operated  it, 
trading  as  Scudder  &  Cook.  In  1871  they  built 
a  large  addition  to  the  mill,  and  made  improve- 
ments which  greatly  increased  the  capacity.  In 
May,  1874,  W.  C.  Scudder  bought  the  interest  of 
Robert  C.  Cook,  and  continued  the  business  alone 
until  1883,  when  his  son,  Reuben  G.  Scudder  was 
admitted  as  a  partner.  An  eighty  horse-power 
engine  is  used ;  sixty  hands  are  employed ;  a  large 
lumber-yard  covering  three  acres  is  also  owned  by 
this  firm.    A  prosperous  business  is  done. 

George  Barrett  &  Co.  own  and  carry  on  one 
of  the  largest  saw-mills  in  Camden,  which  has  been 
in  operation  for  more  than  fifty  years.  It  was  run 
by  different  owners  until  1878,  when  George  Bar- 
rett and  Aaron  W.  Patchin,  trading  under  the 
firm-name  of  George  Barrett  &  Co.,  bought  the  entire 
plant.  There  are  seven  buildings  on  the  grounds, 
which  include  sixteen  acres,  between  Pearl  Street 
and  Penn,  and  extend  one  thousand  four  hundred 
and  forty-seven  feet  westwardly  to  the  riparian 
line  of  the  river.  These  buildings  include  the  mill 
proper,  three    dwelling-houses,  office,  stables  and 


sheda.  The  saw-mill  is  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
five  by  one  hundred  and  forty-nine  feet,  is 
arranged  with  three  sets  of  gang-saws,  four  circular- 
saws,  one  lath-saw  and  two  large  planing-machines, 
and  has  been  specially  designed  for  the  sawing  of 
ship,  wharf  and  bridge  timbers,  large  girders,  derrick 
frames,  and  is  the  only  mill  in  Camden  cutting 
curved  timber  for  street  railways.  About  twenty- 
five  hands  are  employed.  An  extensive  business 
is  done.  This  firm  recently  constructed  a  wharf 
eight  hundred  feet  long  by  ninety  feet  in  width, . 
from  high-water  line  into  the  river,  which  gives 
improved  facilities  for  shipping  the  products  of  the 
mills. 

Henry  Fredericks,  for  many  years  one  of  the 
most  enterprising,  successful  and  favorably-known 
business  men  of  the  city  of  Camden,  was  born  at 
Hackensack,  Bergen  County,  New  Jersey,  July  25, 
1825,  and  obtained  his  education  in  the  schools  of 
his  native  town.  When  about  sixteen  years  of  age 
he  left  his  home  and  entered  a  wholesale  and  retail 
grocery  store  in  Hoboken,  and  there,  by  his  faith- 
fulness to  duty,  won  the  approbation  of  his  em- 
ployer and  laid  for  himself  the  foundation  for  a 
career  of  prosperity  and  usefulness.  He  remained 
in  the  Hoboken  store,  and  also  acted  as  assistant 
postmaster,  for  a  term  of  four  years,  and,  at  the 
expiration  of  that  time,  moved  to  Camden,  in 
which  city  he  has  since  resided.  Here  he  first  en- 
gaged as  superintendent  and  general  manager  of 
the  business  of  James  Elwell,  who  was  then  post- 
master of  the  city  and  proprietor  of  the  Railroad 
Hotel.  In  the  mean  time  Mr.  Fredericks  sold  the 
tickets  for  the  Camden  and  Philadelphia  Ferry 
Company.  In  this  new  field  of  labor  he  was  com- 
paratively a  stranger,  but  his  gentlemanly  deport- 
ment, accommodating  manners  and  aptitude  to 
the  position  soon  won  him  many  firm  friends. 
Seven  years  of  service  under  this  employer  gave 
him  an  intelligent  knowledge  of  business,  and  fitted 
him  for  still  more  onerous  duties.  He  was  next 
chosen,  in  1852,  superintending  clerk  in  the  office 
of  the  ferry  company,  for  which  he  had  sold  tick- 
ets in  connection  with  his  other  business,  and  re- 
mained in  that  position  for  a  period  of  six  years. 
Upon  the  death  of  Mr.  John  J.  Benson,  the  super- 
intendent of  the  ferry,  he  was  elected  to  that  posi- 
tion and  most  acceptably  filled  it  for  a  term  of  one 
vear,  when  he  declined  re-election,  but  subsequently 
served  as  an  employee  of  the  ferry  company  for  a 
considerable  time  and  then  resigned.  Determining 
to  establish  himself  in  business,  he  opened  a  hard- 
ware store  at  Fourth  and  Federal  Streets.  By  un- 
daunted energy  and  rare  executive  ability  he 
gradually  increased  his  trade,  and  was  thus  neces- 


514 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


sitated  to  make  additions  and^mprovements  to  his 
store  in  order  to  meet  the  demands.  After  remain- 
ing at  that  place  for  several  years,  and  having 
built  up  a  large  and  profitable  business  with  the 
builders  and  dealers  in  the  surrounding  country 
as  well  as  the  city,  John  8.  Reaa  erected  for  him 
a  large  and  commodious  store  building  at  Third 
and  Federal  Streets,  into  which  he  removed  and 
connected  with  the  hardware  trade  the  sale  of 
window-sash,  blinds  and  doors.  As  his  business 
continued  to  grow  and  prosper,  he  erected  for  him- 
self a  building  in  which  to  conduct  his  store,  on 
Federal  Street,  below  Second,  and  moved  into  it 
in  1864,  He  has  there  regularly  continued  to  en- 
joy a  large  trade  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century. 
In  May,  1884,  he  built  a  store  of  brick,  twenty  by 
ninety  feet,  and  three  stories  high,  for  the  recep- 
tion of  sash,  doors,  blinds,  etc..  his  other  building 
not  being  large  enough  to  meet  the  increased  de- 
mands of  his  business. 

Sheriff  Fredericks,  the  name  by  which  he  is  beat 
known,  was  obtained  through  his  election  to  the 
office  of  sheriff  of  Camden  County  by  the  Democ- 
racy, to  whose  principles  and  party  he  has  always 
been  a  devoted  adherent.  He  first  served  in  official 
position  in  1856,  as  tax  collector  for  the  Middle 
Ward  of  Camden,  and  the  next  year  and  in  1860 
was  the  Democratic  nominee  for  the  office  of  coun- 
ty clerk  and  received  more  than  the  party  vote. 
His  election  to  the  office  of  sheriff,  in  1870,  by  a 
majority  of  over  two  hundred,  in  a  county  which 
for  the  head  of  the  ticket  at  the  same  time  gave  a 
large  Eepublioan  majority,  was  a  signal  triumph 
for  him,  no  other  Democratic  candidate  having  been 
elected  for  a  period  of  twenty-three  years  previous- 
ly. He  administered  the  duties  of  the  office  of 
sheriflf  greatly  to  the  satisfaction  of  his  constitu- 
ents. It  was  during  his  term,  and  by  his  special 
act,  that  the  noted  criminal,  John  Ware,  was 
brought  to  justice  and  hanged  for  the  murder  of 
his  father,  it  being  the  first  execution  in  Camden 
County. 

Since  the  year  1876  Mr.  Fredericks  has  served 
as  a  director  in  the  First  National  Bank  of  Cam- 
den. In  1884  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Leon 
Abbett,  for  a  term  of  four  years,  a  member  of  the 
Council  of  State  Charities  and  Correction.  This 
body  is  composed  of  seven  members,  of  which  the 
Governor  is  president.  Mr.  Fredericks  was  first 
married  to  Judith  Ann  Horner,  daughter  of  John 
and  Elizabeth  Horner,  and  to  this  union  were 
born  four  children, — Lizzie  (deceased),  William 
H.,  Henry  F.  and  Lewis  C.  (deceased).  By  his 
second  marriage  he  has  had  three  children, — Elias 
M.,  Howard  P.  (deceased)  and  Josiah  Wallace. 


William  H.  Fredericks,  the  eldest  son  by  the 
first  marriage,  was  born  in  1854,  and  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  of  Camden,  Pennington 
Seminary  and  William  Fewsmith's  Select  School, 
in  Philadelphia.  In  1872  he  entered  his  father's 
store  as  assistant  book-keeper.  During  the  past 
eight  years  he  has  had  the  superintending  charge 
of  the  extensive  business  interests  of  his  father, 
and  in  this  position  has  shown  rare  executive  and 
administrative  abilities.  He  was  married,  in  De- 
cember, 1884,  to  Clara  R.  Rotan,  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  They  have  one  child,  Edna  R.  Henry  Fra- 
zee,  the  second  son,  is  a  clerk  in  the  wood  depart- 
ment of  the  store;  Elias  Morgan,  the  third  son,  is 
a  clerk  in  the  hardware  store;  Josiah  Wallace, 
the  youngest  son,  is  a  student  at  Chester  Military 
Academy. 

Geokge  a.  Munger  &  Bbo.  are  manufacturers 
and  wholesale  dealers  in  North  Carolina  pine 
lumber.  Their  planing-mill  in  Camden  is  on 
North  Delaware  Avenue.  George  A.  and  Chauncey 
W.  Munger,  the  members  of  this  firm,  began,  in 
1883,  the  business  of  planing  and  preparing  North 
Carolina  pine  lumber  for  the  market.  They  ship 
their  lumber  direct  from  their  own  mills  in  that 
State,  one  of  the  brothers  being  constantly  engaged 
in  manufacturing  and  shipping  the  same  to  their 
yards  in  Camden  and  large  wharves  on  the  river. 
The  planing-mill  is  thoroughly  equipped  with 
five  new  machines  for  the  preparation  of  their 
lumber  for  the  trade,  and  the  planers  are  of  their 
own  design,  and  patented.  The  machinery  is 
driven  by  a  forty  horse-power  engine.  Twenty 
hands  are  constantly  employed.  The  firm  do  a 
large  wholesale  business  principally  with  the 
Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey  trade. 

The  Builders'  Mill,  on  Cherry  Street,  owned 
by  William  H.  Wilkins  &  Co.,  has  a  front  of  sixty 
feet,  and  a  depth  of  eighty-eight  feet,  and  was 
built  in  1882  by  James  F.  Davis,  for  the  produc- 
tion of  finished  material  used  in  his  business  as 
contractor  and  builder,  and  who  still  occupies  a 
portion  of  the  building.  In  March,  1886,  he  leased 
the  mill  to  the  present  proprietors,  William  H. 
and  E.  A.  Wilkins,  who  are  at  present  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  builders'  mill  work,  such  as 
sash,  doors,  blinds,  etc.  Various  improved  and 
patented  machines  for  the  production  of  window- 
frames  and  inside  blinds  are  driven  by  an  engine 
of  thirty-five  horse-power,  with  forty  horse-power 
boilers.  The  company  is  preparing  to  build  on  their 
ground,  opposite  the  mill,  a  large  warehouse  for 
the  storing  of  builders'  material  to  supply  the  trade. 

Tub  Planino-Mill,  on  Second  Street,  below 
Roydon,   was   built   in    1882  by  Wilson   Ernst,  a 


miM 


licUixd 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


515 


prominent  builder  of  Camden,  for  the  manufacture 
of  door  and  window-frames,  sash,  blinds  and  build- 
ers' material,  used  in  his  business.  For  several 
years  prior  to  the  building  of  this  mill  he  had  con- 
ducted a  similar  one  on  Seventh  Street,  above 
Eoydon.  The  mill  he  now  owns  is  fitted  up  with 
planers,  moulders,  and  mortising  machinery  for 
rapid  production  of  finished  work,  and  which  is 
run  by  a  steam-engine  of  fifteen  horse-power. 
Twenty-five  hands  are  employed,  and  the  products 
are  used  in  the  buildings  which  the  proprietor  has 
in  course  of  construction  in  Camden. 

C.  B.  Coles'  Planing-Mill,  corner  of  Front 
and  Liberty  Streets,  is  owned  by  Charles  B.  Coles, 
who,  in  1864,  in  connection  with  William  S. 
Doughten,  started  the  business  on  Front  Street, 
corner  of  Chestnut,  the  firm-name  being  Doughten 
&  Coles.  They  continued  in  partnership  until 
1870,  when  they  dissolved,  and  Charles  B.  Coles 
built  his  own  mill  at  the  present  location.  The 
mill  is  two  stories  in  height  and  one  hundred  feet 
square  and  is  equipped  with  all  improved  machin- 
ery for  dressing  timber,  scroll  and  other  kinds  of 
sawing,  and  for  the  manufacture  of  doors,  sash, 
blinds  and  builders'  materials  of  various  kinds. 
A  large  space  is  set  apart  as  a  box  manufactory, 
where  boxes  of  all  kinds,  from  the  smallest  size  tea- 
box  to  the  largest  size  packing-boxes,  are  made  to 
order.  Soon  after  the  erection  of  the  mill  his 
business  had  so  greatly  increased  that  he  found  it 
necessary  to  purchase  ground  along  the  entire 
river-front  in  the  rear  of  his  mill  for  the  storing 
of  lumber.  The  manufactured  products  were  also 
in  great  demand  and  to  keep  up  a  lot  of  seasoned 
goods  in  this  line,  he  had  erected  a  three-story 
brick  ofiice  and  a  large  store-house  at  No.  14 
Kaighn  Avenue,  where  the  goods  were  stored  and 
primed.  The  local  trade  is  large,  and  contractors 
from  Cape  May,  Atlantic  City,  Delaware  and 
Maryland  are  supplied  from  this  mill.  Since  the 
improvements  made  by  the  Reading  Railroad 
Company  he  has  his  timber  shipped  direct  from  the 
West,  while  his  facilities  for  shipping  are  unsur- 
passed. From  seventy-five  to  one  hundred  hands 
are  employed.  This  industry  is  one  of  the  most 
important  in  South  Camden  and  the  business  is  of 
very  large  proportions. 

Chakles  B.  Coles,  who  is  prominently  identi- 
fied with  the  business  interests  of  the  City  and 
county  of  Camden,  is  a  lineal  descendant  of  Sam- 
uel and  Elizabeth  Coles,  who  emigrated  from 
Coles  Hill,  Hertfordshire,  England,  and  landed  on 
the  Jersey  shore  of  the  Delaware  River  a  few 
•miles  above  the  site  of  Philadelphia,  before  that 
city  was  founded.    Samuel  Coles  was  a  hatter  in 


his  native  country,  and  doubtless  plied  his  trade 
among  the  few  settlers  here  in  the  primitive  forests 
of  New  Jersey  when  he  first  arrived.  He  built  a 
house  near  the  spot  where  he  landed,  but  soon 
afterward  moved  farther  eastward,  and  on  the  13th 
day  of  the  Third  Month,  1682,  obtained  a  right  of 
survey  for  five  hundred  acres  of  land  on  the  north 
side  of  the  mouth  of  Coopers  Creek  and  fronting 
on  the  river.  His  nearest  neighbor,  William 
Cooper,  about  the  same  time  settled  on  the  oppo- 
site side  of  the  creek,  in  the  midst  of  an  Indian 
village  of  Shackomaxin.  Samuel  Coles  sold  part 
of  his  land  to  Henry  Wood  and  purchased  five 
hundred  acres  on  the  south  side  of  Pemisaukin 
Creek  and  removed  there  in  ahouse  already  erected- 
He  gave  the  name  of  this  place  New  Orchard, 
which  was  situated  near  the  head  of  the  south 
branch  of  that  stream,  but  has  now  lost  its  identity. 
He  subsequently  owned  more  than  one  thousand 
acres  of  land,  then  mostly  an  unbroken  forest,  but 
now  many  valuable  farms,  some  of  which  are 
owned  by  direct  and  collateral  branches  of  the 
family  which  he  founded  in  America.  Samuel 
Coles  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  the  years 
1683  and  1685  and  had  much  to  do  with  the  polit- 
ical trouble  of  the  province  of  New  Jersey,  among 
which  was  the  settlement  in  ]685  of  the  first 
boundary  line  between  the  counties  of  Burlington 
and  Gloucester.  About  1790  he  went  on  a  visit  to 
England  and  on  his  way  back  to  New  Jersey  the 
vessel  on  which  he  was  sailing  stopped  at  the 
Island  of  Barbadoes,  where  he  was  taken  sick  of  a 
fever  and  died. 

Samuel  Coles  and  his  wife,  Elizabeth,  had  two 
children — Samuel  (who  married  Mary,  a  daughter 
of  Thomas  Kendall)  and  Sarah  (who  married 
James  Wild).  Samuel  and  Mary  Coles'  children 
were  Samuel  (who  married  Mary  Lippincott), 
Joseph  (married  Mary  Wood),  Thomas  (married 
Hannah  Stokes),  Kendall  (married  Ann  Budd), 
Elizabeth  (married  Jacob  Buckman  and  Benjamin 
Cooper),  Mary  (married  Edward  Tonkins),  Susan- 
nah (married  William  Budd),  and  Rachel  (married 
Enoch  Roberts). 

James  and  Sarah  Wild  had  two  children— James 
and  Sarah.  Within  the  bounds  of  the  land  that 
Samuel  Coles  owned  at  the  time  of  his  death  is 
situated  the  historic  St.  Mary's  Episcopal  Church, 
better  known  as  the  old  Colestown  Church,  in 
Delaware  township.  Elizabeth  Coles,  his  widow, 
afterward  married  Griffith  Morgan,  a  mariner,  of 
Philadelphia,  December  10,  1693,  whose  only  son, 
Alexander,  married  Hannah,  the  daughter  of 
Joseph  and  Lydia  Cooper  and  granddaughter  of 
William  Cooper,  the  first  settler. 


516 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Kendall  Coles,  who  married  Ann  Budd,  was  the 
second  son  of  Samuel  and  Mary  Coles  and  grand- 
son of  the  emigrants,  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  Coles, 
and  the  great-grandfather  of  Chas.  B.  Coles,  who  is 
thegreat-great-great-grandsoa  of  Samuel  Coles,  the 
emigrant.  Joseph  Coles,  the  grandfather  of 
Charles  B.  Coles,  was  married  to  Sarah  Healings. 
Their  son  Charles  was  born  July  7,  1807,  and  died 
February  25,  1837 ;  married  Rachel  Burrough, 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Martha  (Davis)  Burrough, 
and  had  two  children, — Joseph,  who  died  in  child- 
hood, and  Charles  B.  Coles,  who  was  born  on 
August  7,  1836,  at  the  homestead  now  owned  by 
himself,  and  known  as  the  Coles  Mill  Farm,  in 
Chester  township,  Burlington  County,  near  the 
Camden  line,  to  which  place  his  father  moved 
upon  his  marriage  with  Rachel  Burrough,  whose 
ancestors  for  six  generations  had  owned  the  same 
property.  His  mother  died  in  the  Eleventh  Month 
29,  1869,  aged  sixty-five  years. 

Charles  B.  Coles'  father  died  when  he  was  less 
than  a  year  and  a  half  old.  When  eight  years  of 
age  he  went  to  reside  with  an  uncle  on  a  farm,  and 
in  early  life  followed  the  occupation  of  farming. 
In  1864  he  engaged  in  the  active  business  of  life  and 
has  since  followed  it  with  unabated  prosperity. 
He  has  filled  various  positions  of  responsibility 
and  trust  and  has  always  shown  a  great  interest 
in  the  moral  and  material  welfare  of  the  commun- 
ity with  which  he  has  been  identified  and  has  been 
keenly  alive  to  the  greater  questions  of  public 
polity.  Reared  an  Abolitionist,  he  became  one  of 
the  warmest  supporters  of  the  Republican  party 
when  it  came  into  being  and  was  one  of  its  foremost 
local  organizers.  As  a  Republican  he  was  elected 
to  the  Camden  City  Council  in  1864,  and  was  by 
far  the  youngest  member  of  that  body,  being  but 
twenty-eight  years  of  age.  The  temperance  cause 
had  ever  in.  him  a  devoted  advocate  and  of  late 
years  he  was  frequently  sent  to  the  State  Capital  to 
use  his  influence  in  securing  temperance  legisla- 
tion from  his  party.  Becoming  at  length  con- 
vinced of  the  fiftility  of  this  method  of  procedure, 
he,  in  1884,  openly  espoused  the  cause  of  prohibi- 
tion and  became  a  member  of  that  party,  the  suc- 
cess of  which  he  has  since  done  all  in  his  power  to 
advance.  In  thesummer  of  1886  he  was  appointed 
by  Supreme  Court  Judge  Joel  Parker  as  the  rep- 
resentative of  his  party  in  the  board  of  three  com- 
missioners, constituted  under  a  recent  law,  to  ad- 
just the  back  taxes  of  the  city  of  Camden.  Mr. 
Coles  was  one  of  the  incorporators  and  is  one  of 
the  directors  of  the  Camden  National  Bank  and 
also  a  director  in  the  Colestown  Cemetery  Com- 
pany. 


Mr.  Coles  was  married,  on  June  8, 1865,  to  Mary 
M.  Colson,  daughter  of  Jonathan  and  Hannah 
(Lippincott)  Colson,  of  Gloucester  City.  They 
have  two  chidren — William  C.  and  Henry  B. 

Central  Lumbek-Yard,  situated  at  Second 
Street  and  Cherry,  was  opened  by  Volney  G. 
Bennett,  who,  in  1876,  bought  the  property  and 
erected  the  various  buildings,  sheds,  office  and 
stables  necessary  in  the  business  of  a  general 
lumber  dealer.  The  yard  has  a  frontage  of  one 
hundred  and  twenty-two  feet  on  Second  Street, 
with  a  depth  of  one  hundred  and  eighty  feet  to 
Spring  Street  and  one  hundred  and  eighty  by  twenty 
feet  on  Front  Street.  The  drying-sheds  covef  an  area 
of  one  hundred  and  six  by  one  hundred  and  twelve 
feet,  and  cover  a  stock  of  seasoned  lumber  repre- 
senting ten  to  fifteen  thousand  dollars  in  value. 
Six  hands  are  employed.  The  proprietor  has  ex- 
cellent facilities  for  shipping  direct  from  Western 
mills  and  yards. 

Volney  G.  Bennett,  the  owner  of  this  lumber- 
yard, is  a  descendant  of  Stephen  Bennett,  who 
immigrated  prior  to  the  Revolution  from  Connec- 
ticut, and  settled  near  what  is  now  Palmyra,  Pike 
County,  Pa.  His  wife,  Mary  (Gates)  Bennett,  also 
of  New  England  parentage,  witnessed  the  stirring 
scenes  incident  to  the  Wyoming  massacre,  and 
gave  the  alarm  to  the  settlers  of  the  approach 
of  the  murderous  Indians,  on  that  historic  occasion. 
Stephen  and  Mary  Bennett  had  eight  children, 
whose  names  were  Frederick,  Stephen,  Francis, 
Jared,  Rufus,  Lebbeus,  Mary  and  Samantha. 

Jared  succeeded  to  the  homestead  and  engaged 
in  farming  and  lumbering.  He  married  Esther 
Killam,  by  whom  he  had  six  children,  viz. :  Gib- 
son, Jane,  Isaac  (who  served  in  a  New  York  regi- 
ment during  the  late  war),  Frederick,  Harvey  and 
Volney.  After  the  death  of  his  wife  he  was  mar- 
ried a  second  time,  to  Louisa  Curtis.  By  this 
marriage  he  had  three  children, — Stephen,  Esther 
and  Fanny ;  all  of  these  children  are  living  except 
Frederick,  and  married  but  Stephen  and  Fanny, 
settling  in  different  parts  of  the  country.  Gibson 
settled  in  St.  Joseph  County,  Mich.;  Isaac,  Stephen 
and  Esther  reside  in  Pike  County ;  Harvey  is  in 
Camden ;  and  Fanny  in  Jamesville,  Wis. 

Volney  G.  Bennett  was  born  April  9, 1837.  He 
remained  with  his  father  until  he  became  of  age, 
when  he  removed  to  Camden,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  He  entered  the  employ  of  McKeen  & 
Bingham,  lumber  merchants  of  Camden,  and  re- 
mained with  them  until  1876,  and  upon  June  1st 
of  that  year  began  the  lumber  business  on  his  own 
account  at  the  corner  of  Second  Street  and  Cherry. 
By  persistent  efforts  he  has  become  successful,  and 


(  I  \1S 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


617 


has  increased,  by  close  attention,  his  business 
interests. 

On  July  27,  186-1,  he  was  married  to  Emeline, 
daughter  of  Captain  Thomas  and  Angeline  Davis, 
of  Port  Elizabeth,  N.  J.  By  this  marriage  he  has 
five  children, — Killam  Edgar  (who  is  associated 
with  his  father  in  the  lumber  business),  Emily, 
Yolney,  Alfred  and  Olive. 

Mr.  Bennett  and  his  family  are  members  of  the 
First  Baptist  Church  of  Camden.  In  politics  he  is 
a  Democrat.  He  is  treasurer  of  the  Franklin 
Building  Loan  and  City  Loan  Associations,  and- is 
esteemed  by  his  fellow-citizens  as  a  man  of  careful 
business  methods,  excellent  judgment  and  exem- 
plary habits. 

The  Plaxixg-Mill  on  Liberty  Street,  under 
the  management  of  Thomas  R.  Arrison,  was  pur- 
chased by  him  in  1SS2.  In  1S80  he  bought  and 
operated  the  Doughten  Mill,  at  the  corner  of  Front 
Street  and  Chestnut,  until  1SS2,  at  which  time  it 
was  entirely  destroyed  by  fire.  He  then  bought 
the  machinery  and  buildings  of  the  present  loca- 
tion and  made  many  improvements  to  suit  the 
production  of  builders'  material.  The  mill  is  one 
hundred  by  ninety  feet,  and  is  supplied  by  a 
thirty-five  horse-power  engine  and  improved 
machinery  for  making  doors,  sash,  blinds,  shutters, 
mouldings,  brackets,  scroll  and  other  sawing- 
Thirty-six  workmen  are  employed.  The  products 
are  shipped  through  ]S'ew  Jersey,  Pennsylvania 
and  adjacent  States. 

Staxtos  &  Branxixg,  in  1872,  began  the 
manufacture  of  lumber  at  the  foot  of  Walnut 
Street,  on  their  grounds,  which  cover  an  area  of 
ten  acre.--.  The  saw  and  planing-mill  is  a  large 
frame  structure  one  hundred  and  thirty-two  by 
forty  feet,  with  two  wings,  one  hundred  by  twenty- 
four  feet  each,  and  is  fitted  up  with  the  first-class 
machinery  for  sawing  and  planing  lumber,  and 
since  the  introduction  of  Sterns'  patent  steam- 
carriage,  has  a  capacity  for  cutting  fifty  thousand 
feet  of  lumber  daily.  Two  engines,  aggregating 
one  hundred  horse-power,  run  the  machi  uery.  The 
annual  sales  amount  to  one  hundred  and  thirty 
thousand  dollars,  the  trade  extending,  along  the 
Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad,  to  Atlantic  City,  to 
Cape  May,  also  in  Pennsylvania  and  Delaware,  and 
over  a  long  line  of  the  river  route.  Fifty  hands 
are  employed.  In  February,  1886,  J.  W.  Branning 
withdrew  from  the  firm  and  the  business  was  con- 
ducted by  Mr.  Stanton  until  the  time  of  his  death. 

Lewis  N.  Staxtox  was  born  in  Wayne  County, 

Pa.,  and  is  a  son  of  WUliam   G.  Stanton,  a  native 

of  Orange  County,  X.  Y.,  who,  upon  his  removal 

to  Pennsylvania,  early  in  life,  married  Martha  J. 

62 


Holbert,  of  Pike  County,  Pa.  By  this  union  five 
children  were  born, — Lewis  N.,  Benjamin  D., 
Mary  E.,  Martha  and  Harriet.  At  the  age  of 
fifteen  Lewis  N.  began  his  successful  business 
career,  locating  at  Narrowsburg,  Sullivan  County, 
Jv^.  Y.,  where  he  opened  a  grocery  store.  This  he 
managed  successfully  until  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Civil  War,  when  he  sold  out  in  order  to  enlist  in 
the  army,  which  he  did  in  1862,  becoming  a  first 
lieutenant  of  Company  K,  One  Hundred  and 
Forty-third  New  York  Volunteer  Infantry,  and 
was  promoted  to  the  captaincy  the  same  year  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services.  He  served  with 
his  regiment  in  the  Peninsular  campaign  under 
General  Keyes,  and  the  subsequent  campaigns  of 
the  Potomac  army  up  to  Gettysburg,  and  was  then 
transferred  to  the  'West  to  the  army  of  General 
Hooker,  and  was  present  at  the  battles  of  Chatta- 
nooga and  Missionary  Ridge.  During  his  three 
yeai's  of  military  service  he  never  had  a  leave  of 
absence  from  his  command. 

On  July  3,  1861,  he  was  married  to  Sarah  A  , 
daughter  of  C.  K.  and  Phoebe  A.  Gordon,  daughter 
of  John  and  Sarah  Monroe,  of  Monticello,  Sulli- 
van County,  New  York,  by  whom  he  had  three 
children, — May,  the  eldest,  is  married  to  C.  J. 
Baldwin,  of  Hopewell,  Dutchess  County,  N.  Y.; 
Lulu,  died  when  an  infant;  and  William G, living 
at  home. 

Immediately  after  the  war  Mr.  Stanton  embarked 
in  business,  becoming  largely  interested  in  tracts 
of  timber-land  in  New  York,  Pennsylvania  and 
Xorth  Carolina,  and  in  1S76  he  formed  a  co-part- 
nership with  John  W.  Branning,  of  Camden,  but 
retained  his  place  of  residence  at  Monticello  until 
ten  years  later.  His  fellow-citizens  of  Sullivan 
County,  X.  Y.,  honored  him  by  electing  him  super- 
visor for  five  and  county  clerk  for  three  successive 
terms.  He  was  a  director  in  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Oneonta,  and  also  in  the  Second  National 
Bank  of  Port  Jervis,  N.  Y.,  and  he  was  a  promi- 
nent member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity. 

He  died  on  June  2,  1886,  and  his  remains  were 
interred  in  a  new  cemetery  on  his  own  land,  near 
the  scenes  of  his  early  days  at  Narrowsburg.  He 
was  a  man  of  many  excellent  qualities,  was  suc- 
cessfiul  in  his  business  life,  a  brave  and  patriotic 
soldier  and  an  exemplary  citizen. 

C.  W.  Patteksox  &  Co.  are  the  proprietors  of  a 
saw-mill  and  planing-mill  on  West  Street,  corner 
of  Washington.  The  large  demand  for  finished 
material  to  meet  the  wants  of  the  many  contractors 
and  builders  in  the  rapidly-growing  city  of  Cam- 
den offered  inducements  to  this  firm,  and  they 
founded  their  industry  in  1883.     The  mill  is  amply 


518 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


provided  with  planers,  circular  and  band-saws, 
turning  lathes,  upright  moulders,  boring  and 
tenoning  machinery,  for  the  manufacture  of  build- 
ers' materials  in  all  its  different  branches.  The 
machinery  is  driven  by  an  engine  of  fifteen  horse- 
power. Seven  workmen  are  employed.  The  mill 
is  running  to  its  full  capacity,  to  meet  the  demands 
of  contractors  and  builders. 

The  Timber,  Spae  and  Piling  Basin  of 
David  Baird  is  located  on  the  Delaware  River  and 
extends  two  hundred  feet  in  front  and  one  thou- 
sand two  hundred  feet  in  depth  at  the  foot  of  Pearl 
Street.  The  enterprise  was  established  in  1872  by 
the  present  proprietor  and  designed  especially  for 
the  storage  of  large  timber,  spare,  piling,  Oregon 
heavy  timber  and  Eastern  spruce  lumber,  as  also 
hackraetack  knees,  for  general  supply  to  ship  and 
boat-builders.  The  large  Oregon  pine  timber, 
some  of  which  is  one  hundred  and  ten  feet  in 
length  by  three  feet  in  diameter  at  the  butt  and 
two  feet  at  top,  is  shipped  direct  by  the  proprietor 
in  large  timber  vessels  from  the  Pacific  Coast, 
while  the  spruce  for  small  spars,  masts  and  flag- 
staffs  is  shipped  from  Nova  Scotia  and  from  Clear- 
field County,  Pa.  He  also  ships  pine  and  oak 
timber  from  Michigan  and  other  States  bordering 
on  the  Great  Lakes  and  also  from  Canada.  He  is 
part  owner  of  the  large  timber  tract  formerly  owned 
by  Governor  Bigler,  in  Clearfield  County,  Pa.,  has 
large  timber  tracts  in  Western  Virginia  and  in 
Northwestern  Pennsylvania,  near  Pittsburgh,  and  is 
sole  owner  of  a  large  tract  in  Lewis  County,  New 
York  State,  where  he  operates  a  lumber  camp  and 
saw-mill,  employing  over  fifty  hands.  The  products 
of  this  mill  are  sold  in  New  York.  He  is  also  en- 
gaged in  shipping  hackmetack  knees  for  vessels, 
receiving  them  direct  from  Bangor,  Me. 

David  Baird  is  of  Scotch-Irish  ancestry.  His 
grandfather,  James  Baird,  a  farmer,  whose  resi- 
dence was  in  County  Derry,  Ireland,  married  Ann 
Mac  Jeukin,  to  whom  were  born  children — An- 
drew, William,  James,  Samuel  and  a  daughter 
Eliza.  James  Baird  was  born  on  the  ancestral  land 
in  County  Derry,  and  during  his  active  life  was 
engaged  in  the  business  of  road  contracting.  He 
married  Ann,  daughter  of  David  Robinson,  of  the 
same  county,  and  their  children  were  William, 
Mary,  David,  James,  Andrew,  Ann  Jane,  Eliza 
and  Margaret.  The  death  of  Mr.  Baird  occurred 
in  1858,  and  that  of  his  wife  the  year  previous. 
Their  son  David,  the  subject  of  this  biography, 
was  born  on  the  7th  of  April,  1839,  in  County 
Derry,  Ireland,  and  there  spent  his  early  years. 
His  brother  William  having  previously  emigrated 
to  America,  he  was  soon  afterward  induced  to  join 


him  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  speedily  engaged  in 
labor  on  a  farm,  meanwhile  improving  his  educa- 
tion by  study  and  acquiring  habits  of  observation 
and  reflection  which  proved  of  great  value  in  after- 
life. In  1859  he  entered  the  employ  of  Messra. 
Gillingham  &  Garrison,  lumbermen  of  Phila- 
delphia, with  whom  he  remained  until  1872,  his 
duties  being  connected  with  the  floating  and  raft- 
ing of  lumber  on  the  Susquehanna  River  to  their 
mills  in  the  city.  He  then  embarked  in  the  same 
business,  and  has  been  since  largely  interested  in 
floating,  rafting,  buying  and  selling  heavy  timber 
and  spars  for  vessels,  with  offices  in  Camden.  The 
central  field  of  operation  for  this  increasing  busi- 
ness is  with  New  York,  Boston  and  Philadelphia. 
To  this  lumber  interest,  which,  from  modest  begin- 
nings, has  grown  to  large  proportions,  he  gives  his 
personal  attention.  He  has  also  made  extensive 
purchases  of  timber  land  in  Pennsylvania,  all  of 
which  ventures  have  been  exceptionally  successful. 

Mr.  Baird  was,  on  the  23d  of  January,  1868,  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Christianna,  daughter  of  William  and 
Mary  Beatty,  of  Philadelphia,  their  children  being 
William  James  (deceased),  David,  Jr.  (deceased), 
JIary  Beatty,  Irvin  C.  Beatty,  Christianna  J.  and 
David,  Jr.  Mr.  Baird  is  a  pronounced  Republican, 
and,  although  influential  with  his  party,  has  de- 
clined all  oflices  other  than  that  of  member  of  the 
Board  of  Chosen  Freeholders  for  four  years  from 
the  First  Ward  of  Camden.  He  is  vice-president 
of  the  Economy  Building  and  Loan  Association 
and  director  of  the  North  Camden  Building  »nd 
Loan  Association.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Ionic 
Lodge  No,  94,  of  F.  and  A.  M.  of  Camden,  and  con- 
nected with  various  beneficial  associations  and  a 
supporter  of  the  Centenary  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  of  which  his  wife  and  daughter  Mary  are 
members.  He  has  been  a  resident  of  Camden 
since  1859. 

The  Lumber-Yard  of  Colson  &  Mulford  oc- 
cupies the  ground  on  the  Delaware  River  front 
above  Kaighn  Avenue,  and  was  started  in  1850  by 
William  S.  Doughten,  afterwards  carried  on  by 
Doughten  &  Coles  and  later  by  Doughten,  Son  & 
Co.  In  1880  the  present  firm  (the  individual  mem- 
bers of  which  are  Benjamin  F.  Colson  and  Albert 
L.  Mulford)  purchased  the  entire  business  and  have 
since  conducted  it.  The  ground  occupied  is  ninety 
by  one  thousand  feet.  Since  the  purchase  this 
firm  has  constructed  on  the  premises  a  saw  and 
planing-mill,  which  are  operated  by  an  engine  of 
twenty-five  horse-power.  The  trade  extends 
throughout  the  adjoining  States. 

The  Lumber-Yard  of  Shivers  &  MofTett  is  lo- 
cated on  the  west  side  of  Delaware  Avenue,  below 


\ 


(Uriel   dd  CU^^ 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


519 


Market  Street.  It  was  first  started  in  January, 
1885,  by  the  present  firm,  the  individual  members 
being  William  M.  Shivers,  who  had  been  for  a  long 
time  with  Mr.  Morrison,  the  lumber  dealer,  above 
Market  Street,  and  Henry  C.  Moffett,  late  with  C. 
B.  Coles.  The  yard  has  a  frontage  of  four  hun- 
dred and  fifty  feet  on  Delaware  Avenue  and  is 
one  thousand  five  hundred  feet  in  depth  to  the 
port  warden's  line.  The  stock  consists  of  all  kinds 
of  builders'  lumber.  The  trade  extends  to  Penn- 
sylvania, through  Southern  New  Jersey  and  to 
points  along  the  Delaware  River. 

S.  H.  Morrison's  lumber-yard  is  located  upon 
the  site  of  the  saw  and  planing-mill  which  was 
established  by  John  F.  Starr,  in  1871,  for  making 
doors,  blinds,  sash,  etc.,  and  builders'  materials. 
In  1873  the  present  proprietor  leased  the  mill  and 
operated  it  until  it  was  totally  destroyed  by  fire,  on 
Sunday  night,  January  17,  1886,  since  which  time 
the  site  has  been  used  for  the  storage  of  lumber, 
while  the  builders'  materials  are  shipped  direct 
from  the  mills  in  Buffalo.  The  yard  has  an  area 
of  eighty  feet  front  by  seven  hundred  and  fifty 
feet  in  depth.  The  trade  is  quite  large,  principally 
with  Philadelphia.  In  the  past  year  Mr.  Morrison 
has  furnished  the  lumber  and  building  material 
for  nine  hundred  houses  in  Philadelphia  and  two 
hundred  and  sixty-two  in  Camden. 

OIL-CLOTH    MANUFACTURERS. 

The  manufacture  of  oil-cloths  and  carpets  was 
not  engaged  in  by  the  early  settlers  in  this  country. 
These  articles  were  then  considered  as  household 
adornments  imported  from  Europe,  which  only  the 
wealthy  classes  could  enjoy,  and  were  used  in 
small  quantities  previous  to  the  Revolution.  'I'he 
earliest  mention  of  the  manufaclure  of  carpets 
in  America  was  by  William  Calvery,  at  his  fac- 
tory in  Philadelphia,  and  the  date  is  supposed 
to  be  1774,  wheu  it  was  asserted  that  the  carpets 
were  superior  to  those  imported.  By  the  year  1791 
carpets  were  made  quite  extensively  in  Philadel- 
phia; about  that  time  people  took  great  interest  in 
furnishing  their  houses  with  them.  In  order  to 
supply  the  demand,  John  Dorsey,  a  merchant  of 
Philadelphia,  in  1807,  at  a  factory  on  Chestnut 
Street,  between  Eleventh  and  Twelfth,  began  to 
make  "  floor  oil-cloth  and  carpets."  In  his  estab- 
lishment were  two  looms  for  making  a  strong  cloth 
of  a  quality  between  sail-duck  and  Russia  sheet- 
ing. One  of  these  looms  could  weave  a  piece  seven 
yards  in  width,  and  one  man  could  turn  out  from 
thirty-two  to  forty-five  yards  per  day.  The  kind 
of  goods  produced  at  this  establishment  "  was  sim- 
ilar to  Hare's  patent  imported  oil-cloth."     It  was 


made  plain  and  in  colors,  and  was  sold  at  from 
one  dollar  and  a  quarter  to  two  dollars  per  yard. 
In  1808  Isaac  McCauly  established  a  factory  in 
Philadelphia,  on  Market  Street,  near  the  Schuyl- 
kill bridge,  for  the  manufacture  of  "  oil-cloths  and 
carpets  in  various  colors."  The  next  year  he  pur- 
chased the  Dorsey  factory,  on  Chestnut  Street,  and 
moved  his  establishment  to  the  northeast  corner  of 
Broad  and  Filbert  Streets.  In  1815  he  moved  to  the 
Hamilton  mansion,  on  Bush  Hill,  and  there,  with 
enlarged  facilities,  by  the  year  1820,  "  his  success 
in  making  oil-cloth  was  very  great,"  and  the  same 
year  he  "undertook  the  manufacture  of  carpets." 
He  spun  his  own  yarn  for  carpets  and  oil-cloth. 
Canvas  then  was  used  as  the  basis  for  oil-cloth, 
some  of  which  was  made  twenty-one  feet  wide.  In 
1825  the  government  issued  him  a  patent  for  "  an 
improved  method  of  making  oil-cloth,"  and  he 
continued  the  business  with  success.  Most  of  the 
work  in  the  process  of  making  oil-cloth  for  many 
years  after  this  was  done  by  hand. 

In  1820  David  Powers,  at  Landisburg,  N.  Y., 
began  to  make  oil-cloth  with  some  change  in  the 
process  used  by  his  predecessors  in  the  business, 
and  nearly  like  that  in  use  at  the  present  day,  only 
that  steam-power  was  not  then  brought  into  requi- 
sition. While  engaged  at  his  business  one  day,  he 
was  accidentally  burned  by  a  pot  of  varnish,  which 
caused  his  death,  and  his  widow,  Dinah  Powers, 
continued  the  business. 

The  firm  of  D.  Powers  &  Sons,  of  that  town,  is 
still  known  as  manufacturers  of  oil-cloth  on  an 
extensive  scale.  The  American  oil-cloth  of  the 
present  day  is  made  in  the  States  of  Maine,  New 
York,  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania.  The  num- 
ber of  factories  is  not  numerous,  there  being  prob- 
ably no  more  than  fifty  in  the  United  States.  Of 
the  four  factories  in  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  three 
are  situated  in  the  city  of  Camden. 

Prominent  in  this  industry  in  Camden  are  the 
Messrs.  R.  H.  &  B.  C.  Reeve,  who  own  and  operate 
the  Camden  Floor  Oil-Cloth  Works,  situated  on 
Pine  Street,  east  of  Haddon  Avenue.  These  works 
were  originated  by  the  present  proprietors,  at  the 
same  location,  in  the  year  1868.  The  individual 
members  of  this  firm,  who  have,  by  their  own 
efforts,  established  their  industry  in  Camden, 
and  the  largest  oil-cloth  factory  in  the  State 
of  New  Jersey,  are  Richard  H.  Reeve  and 
Benjamin  C.  Reeve.  The  former  is  the  son 
of  William  F.  Reeve  and  the  latter  the  son  of 
Emmor  Reeve,  two  brothers,  who,  in  connection 
with  an  elder  brother,  Josiah  M.  Reeve,  under  the 
firm-name  of  Reeve  &  Bros.,  were  extensively  en- 
gaged in  ship-building  and  owners  of  saw-mills  and 


520 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


grist-mills  at  Alloway,  Salem  County,  N.  J.,  and 
who  built  the  large  steamer  "  Columbus,"  which 
plied  the  Atlantic  Ocean  between  Philadelphia 
and  Charleston,  the  "Stephen  Baldwin  "  and  many 
other  vessels  and  large  schooners.  The  Messrs. 
Reeve,  inheriting  the  enterprise  and  executive 
ability  of  their  fathers,  were  quite  young  men 
when  they  moved  from  Alloway  to  Camden,  in  1868, 
to  establish  their  manufactory.  The  evidence  of 
their  success  is  shown  from  the  substantial  growth 
and  development  of  the  business.  They  began  on 
a  limited  scale  in  two  small  buildings  with  twenty 
workmen,  and  an  annual  product  of  about  one 
hundred  thousand  yards  of  manufactured  oil-cloth, 
all  of  one  variety.  They  now  possess  one  of  the 
three  largest  oil-cloth  manufactories  in  the  United 
States,  covering  an  area  of  four  and  a  half  acres, 
own  and  occupy  nine  different  buildings  on  this 
tract,  employ  one  hundred  workmen  and  produce 
annually  about  one  million  yards  of  manufactured 
oil-cloth  of  five  different  kinds  and  varieties.  The 
seasoned  and  perfected  oil-clofh  is  sold  by  travel- 
ing salesmen,  and  shipped  to  every  section  of  the 
Union. 

As  the  demand  for  the  oil-cloth  of  the  Cam- 
den works  increased,  owing  to  the  superiority 
of  its  quality  and  the  reliability  of  the  firm,  new 
buildings  were  added  in  order  to  increase  the  ca- 
pacity of  manufacture.  Originally  most  of  the 
work  was  done  by  hand,  which  was  followed  by 
the  introduction  of  improved  machinery,  boilers 
and  engines,  and  the  application  of  steam  as  a 
motor,  and  steam  heat  in  the  process  of  drying  the 
cloth  and  for  heating  the  various  buildings.  In 
order  to  get  pure  water,  better  adapted  to  the  pur- 
pose of  manufacture,  a  few  years  ago  an  artesian 
well  was  sunk  a  hundred  feet  in  depth,  which  sup- 
plies the  large  boilers  where  the  steam  is  gener- 
ated and  conveyed  to  the  various  departments. 
After  the  condensation  of  the  steam  it  is  returned 
to  the  boiler  and  utilized  again. 

The  process  of  manufacture  as  now  applied  in 
the  production  of  oil-cloths  of  various  kinds,  and 
executed  in  hundreds  of  different  designs,  is  quite 
complicated,  and  requires  about  six  weeks  to  com- 
plete it  from  the  raw  material.  The  textile  arti- 
cle known  as  burlap,  which  forms  the  basis  of  the 
cloth,  is  a  foreign  production,  and  is  manufactured 
in  Dundee,  Scotland,  from  the  jute  plant,  which 
is  grown  in  such  abundance  in  India.  The  Messrs. 
Eeeve  import  their  own  burlap  from  Dundee  in 
large  quantities  and  keep  it  in  stock.  The  build- 
ing erected  in  1870,  and  designated  by  (he  firm  as 
Number  1,  is  a  three-story  frame  structure,  thirty- 
three  by  one  hundred  and  fifteen  feet,  and  is  used 


as  the  sizing  department.  On  the  second  floor  of 
this  building  the  crude  burlap  is  passed  over  and 
between  moving  cylinders,  thus  rendering  it 
smooth  and  capable  of  receiving  the  applications 
of  paint.  The  grinding  and  mixing  of  paints  is 
done  in  building  Number  5,  erected  in  1874,  ad- 
joining which  is  a  two-story  brick  structure  with 
basement,  used  for  the  mixing  of  paints  and  the 
storage  of  material.  Attached  to  building  Number 
5  is  an  apartment  in  which  is  placed  an  eighty- 
horse-power  boiler  and  a  thirty  horse-power  en- 
gine, for  driving  the  machinery  to  grind  the  paints 
and  for  the  sizing,  coating  and  rubbing  of  the  ma- 
terial. The  coating  department  is  in  building 
Number  1,  which  is  thirty-three  by  one  hundred 
and  thirteen  feet,  and  was  erected  in  1870,  and  in 
Number  2,  one  of  the  original  buildings.  The 
first  coats  of  paint  are  placed  on  the  sized  burlap 
by  means  of  machinery,  and  the  cloth  thus  pre- 
pared for  printing,  before  which,  however,  in  an 
adjoining  apartment,  the  coated  cloth  is  again 
rubbed  smooth,  in  the  preparation  of  it  for 
printing. 

The  most  delicate  part  of  the  process  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  oil-cloth  is  the  printing  of  it  in  va- 
rious colors,  which  at  these  works  is  artistically 
performed  by  skilled  workmen  with  blocks  in  the 
form  of  squares.  There  are  two  buildings  devoted 
to  this  department.  Number  6,  a  three-story  brick 
structure,  sixty  by  one  hundred  and  thirty  feet, 
was  erected  in  187fi.  The  third  story  of  this 
building  is  used  for  printing  the  cheap  grades  of 
goods,  and  the  first  and  second  stories  for  printing 
sheet-goods  and'  other  better  qualities.  Building 
Number  3  is  forty  by  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet, 
and  also  three  stories  high,  built  and  arranged  for 
convenience  in  printing  the  different  grades.  Af- 
ter the  various  tints  are  systematically  applied  and 
this  part  of  the  work  completed,  the  cloth  is  con- 
veyed to  drying-houses  and  hung  in  a  vertical  po- 
sition. These  buildings  are  then  kept  closed  and 
steam-heat  is  applied,  requiring  two  weeks  to  com- 
plete the  drying  effectively.  In  building  Number 
4,  thirty-two  by  one  hundred  and  ten  feet,  and  built 
in  1870,  the  lower  grades  of  cloth  are  dried.  In 
building  Number  7,  which  is  built  of  bricK,  sixty 
by  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet,  and  two  stories 
high,  the  better  grades  of  oil-cloth  are  dried  in 
about  two  weeks.  The  capacity  of  the  drying  de- 
partment is  very  large. 

The  last  building  needed  by  the  Messrs.  Reeve 
for  the  accommodation  of  their  increasing  business 
was  erected  in  1882-83.  It  is  a  substantial  and 
commodious  two-story  brick  structure,  with  base- 
ment, sixty  by  one   hundred  and  thirty  feet.    It 


^■^^£flS 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


521 


contains  a  conveniently  arranged  business  office 
on  the  first  floor.  In  an  adjoining  apartment  the 
varnishing  and  finishing  of  the  cloth  is  done  after 
being  thoroughly  dried.  It  is  then  placed  in  the 
storage  room  to  await  the  time  of  shipment  to  the 
trade  and  to  the  Philadelphia  office  and  salesroom 
at  917  Filbert  Street.  The  extent  of  these  works 
is  shown  by  the  steadily  increasing  amount  of 
business  done,  the  growth  of  which  is  to  be  fairly 
attributed  to  personal  attention  to  details  and  the 
adoption  of  more  perfect  processes  and  the  reduc- 
tion in  the  cost  of  production  brought  about  by 
the  use  of  labor-saving  machinery. 

The  Eeeve  family  has  been  one  of  the  influential 
families  of  Southern  New  Jersey  for  nearly  two  hun- 
dred years ;  their  ancestor,  Mark  Keeve,  came  to 
America  from  England  with  "  Fenwick's  Colony." 
He  is  said  to  have  been  possessed  of  rare  mental 
endowments,  and  became  the  owner  of  large  tracts 
of  land  in  Cumberland  County,  N.  J.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Assembly  which  met  in  Burlington 
in  1683-85,  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  Society 
of  Friends,  and  died  in  1694.  His  descendants  were 
among  the  leading  citizens  of  Southern  New  Jersey. 
Wm.  Reeve,  the  grandfather  of  Eichard  H.,  Benja- 
min G.  and  Augustus  Reeve,  was  born  11th 
of  12th  Month,  1766,  and  married  Letitia,  daughter 
of  Josiah  and  Letitia  Miller,  of  Mannington,  N.  J., 
and  had  nine  children,  five  of  whom  were  sons, 
viz.,  Josiah  Miller,  William  F.,  Mark  M.,  Richard 
M.  and  Emmor  Eeeve.  Josiah  M.  Eeeve,  with  his 
two  younger  brothers,  William  F.  and  Emmor, 
carried  on  ship-buildiag  successfully  for  a  number 
of  years  at'Alloway,  N.  J.  These  three  brothers, 
each,  at  diflFerent  times,  represented  their  county 
(Salem)  in  the  upper  house  of  the  State  legislature. 
They  also  contributed  largely  to  the  growth  and 
prosperity  of  the  town  of  their  adoption  by  erecting 
large  and  substantial  buildings. 

EiCHAED  H.  Eeeve,  the  senior  partner  of  the 
firm,  was  born  at  AUoway,  Salem  County,  N.  J., 
October  5,  1840,  and  is  a  son  of  William  F.  and 
Mary  W.  (Cooper)  Reeve,  his  mother  being  a 
daughter  of  William  Cooper,  who  for  more  than 
half  a  century  was  one  of  the  best  known  and 
most  influential  citizens  of  Camden.  Mr.  Eeeve 
obtained  his  education  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
place  and  at  the  well-known  Westtown  Boarding- 
School,  in  Chester  County,  Pa.  He  afterwards 
took  a  commercial  course  at  Crittenden's  Business 
College  in  Philadelphia,  at  a  time  when  that  insti- 
tution had  attained  its  greatest  popularity  and 
success.  In  1862  he  engaged  in  the  lumber  trade 
at  Alloway  and  continued  in  that  business  there 
until  his  removal  to  Camden,  in  1868,  to  become 


associated  with  his  present  partner  in  the  manu  - 
facturing  establishment  which  has  been  described. 
He  and  his  partner  are  lineal  descendants  of  a 
family  which  for  many  generations  past  have 
been  connected  by  faith  and  membership  with  the 
Society  of  Friends,  both  being  members  of  New- 
ton Meeting. 

Mr.  Eeeve  was  married,  June  3, 1863,  to  Sallie  W. 
Carpenter,  daughter  of  Samuel  P.  and  Hannah  A. 
Carpenter,  her  father  being  a  lineal  descendant  of 
Samuel  Carpenter,  once  the  owner  of  the  site  upon 
which  the  central  part  of  Camden  is  built,  a  con- 
temporary of  William  Penn  and  next  to  him  the 
most  influential  of  early  settlers  in  Pennsylvania. 
The  children  of  this  marriage  are  Augustus  H., 
Hannah  C,  Mary  W.  and  Alice  M.  Reeve. 

Though  Mr.  Reeve  devotes  his  time  almost  ex- 
clusively to  his  business,  his  usefulness  has  been 
brought  into  requisition  as  a  director  of  the  Cum- 
berland National  Bank,  treasurer  of  the  Camden 
City  Dispensary  and  a  member  of  the  board  of 
managers  of  Cooper  Hospital. 

Benjamin  C.  Eeeve,  the  junior  partner  of  the 
firm  of  E.  H.  &  B.  C.  Reeve,  was  born  on  September 
23,  1844,  at  Alloway,  Salem  County.  He  is  a  son 
of  Emmor  and  Prudence  B.  (Cooper)  Eeeve,  the 
latter  being  also  the  daughter  of  the  late  William 
Cooper,  of  Coopers  Point,  Camden.  After  ob- 
taining the  rudiments  of  an  education  at  home, 
Mr.  Eeeve  entered  Westtown  Boarding-School, 
in  Chester  County,  Pa.,  and  remained  in  that 
excellent  institution  for  a  period  of  three  years. 
He  then  entered  the  Polytechnic  College,  in  Phila- 
delphia, and  after  completing  the  entire  course 
was  graduated  with  the  class  of  1865.  Not  desir- 
ing to  follow  the  profession  of  a  civil  engineer,  for 
which  he  prepared,  in  1868  he  associated  himself 
with  his  present  partner  in  the  establishment  of 
the  manufacturing  business  to  which  he  has  since 
steadily  devoted  his  time  and  energies.  In  recog- 
nition of  his  success  as  a  business  man,  a  few 
years  ago  he  was  chosen  a  director  in  the  Camden 
Safe  Deposit  Company,  and  has  filled  other  posi- 
tions of  trust  and  responsibility.  Mr.  Eeeve  was 
married,  October  3,  1877,  to  Mary  R.  Carpenter, 
daughter  of  Samuel  P.  and  Hannah  A.  Carpenter, 
of  Salem,  N.  J.  They  have  two  children— Eachel 
C.  and  Herbert  E.  Eeeve. 

Augustus  Reeve,  a  leading  manufacturer  ot 
Camden  for  the  past  twenty  years,  was  born  in 
Alloway,  Salem  County,  N.  J.,  August  31,  1833, 
and  was  a  son  of  William  F.  and  Mary  W.  (Cooper) 
Eeeve,  the  former  a  native  of  Burlington  County 
(though  his  father  was  from  Cumberland  County), 
and  the  latter  a  descendant  of  William  and  Mar- 


5:22 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


garet  Cooper,  the  original  settlers  of  Coopers 
Point  (of  whom  a  sketch  appears  elsewhere  in  this 
work).  Both  families  were  members  of  the  Or- 
thodox Friends.  The  boyhood  of  Augustus  Eeeve 
was  spent  in  his  native  town,  and  his  school  edu- 
cation was  completed  at  Haverford  College.  After 
he  had  attained  his  majority  be  carried  on  for 
some  time  the  lumber  business  at  AUowaytown, 
and  in  1862  went  to  the  Safe  Harbor  Iron  Works, 
on  the  Susquehanna  River,  in  Lancaster  County, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  had  charge  of  the  com- 
pany's store.  In  1866  he  came  to  Camden  and 
purchased  the  Pea  Shore  Brick  Works,  now 
known  as  the  Pea  Shore  Brick  and  Terra-Cotta 
Works.  He  materially  enlarged  the  manufactur- 
ing plant  from  time  to  time,  became  a  thorough 
master  of  the  details  of  the  business,  and  in  1876 
added  the  line  of  manufacture  which  made  neces- 
sary the  second  clause  in  the  title  of  the  manu 
factory,  and  began  the  production  of  a  line  of 
terra-cotta  goods  which  has  been  constantly  in- 
creased in  variety.  The  manufacture  now  in- 
cludes all  kinds  or  grades  of  red  brick,  vitrified 
drain  and  sewer  pipe,  terra-cotta  pipe  in  all  of  its 
branches,  flue  pipes,  chimney  pots,  vases,  flower 
pots,  rustic  hanging  baskets,  window  boxes  and 
many  other  articles  of  combined  utility  and  beauty. 
The  works,  employing  about  one  hundred  men,  are 
upon  the  Delaware  Eiver,  four  miles  above  Cam- 
den, and  at  Fish-House  Station  on  the  Amboy 
Division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  which 
gives  the  proprietor  excellent  advantages  for  ship- 
ping goods  either  by  rail  or  water. 

Mr.  Reeve  is  a  Republican,  but  not  an  active 
politician.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Camden 
City  Council,  but  was  chosen  to  that  position  more 
because  of  his  being  a  representative  business  man 
than  upon  any  other  consideration.  He  also  has 
been  a  trustee  of  the  Cooper  Hospital  from  its 
commencement. 

He  married,  June  25, 1862,  Rebecca  C,  daughter 
of  Isaac  H.  and  Elizabeth  H.  Wood,  of  Haddon 
Hall,  Haddonfleld.  They  have  four  children, — 
Elizabeth  Cooper,  William  F.  (in  business  with 
his  father),  Laura  and  Charles  Gaskell. 

Faee  &  Bailey,  manufacturers  of  floor  oil- 
cloth, have  their  works  and  oflice  at  Seventh  and 
Kaighn  Avenue.  This  firm  is  composed  of  Sam- 
uel T.  Bailey  and  his  nephew,  Edward  L.  Farr. 
The  family  to  which  they  belong  has  been  in  the 
oil-cloth  business  for  four  generations.  Ezekiel 
Bailey,  grandfather  of  S.  T.  Bailey,  and  great- 
grandfather of  E.  L.  Farr,  began  the  manufacture 
of  table  oil-cloths  in  Winthrop,  Me.,  about  1825. 
His  seven  sons  have  all  been  engaged  in  the  busi- 


ness. Moses  and  Charles  M.  are  the  most  promi- 
nent of  these  sons.  Samuel  T.  Bailey  was  brought 
up  in  the  family  of  Charles  M.  Bailey,  his  father 
having  died  while  he  was  a  boy,  and  for  nineteen 
years  was  employed  in  his  uncle's  store  in  New 
York  City  and  the  greater  part  of  the  time  he  was 
manager  of  it.  C.  M.  Bailey  still  resides  in  Win- 
throp, Me.,  where  he  has  several  large  oil-cloth 
works.  Moses  Bailey  was  also  engaged  in  manu- 
facturing at  Winthrop,  but  about  1872  or  1873 
sold  his  factory  to  his  brother,  Charles  M.  In  1875 
he  purchased  the  factory  and  ground  in  Camden, 
now  occupied  by  Farr  &  Bailey,  from  a  Mr.  Eng- 
lish. He  associated  with  him  in  the  management 
of  the  business  Lincoln  D.  Farr,  the  husband  of 
his  niece,  adopted  'daughter  and  sister  of  the 
present  S.  T.  Bailey.  From  that  time  until  1883 
the  business  was  conducted  in  the  name  of  Lin- 
coln D.  Farr,  under  whose  management  the  busi- 
ness greatly  increased.  Originally  there  were  four 
buildings  and  five  more  were  added  by  him,  mak- 
ing nine  in  all,  and  thus  the  facilities  for  manufac- 
ture were  quadrupled.  Mr.  Bailey  retained  a  silent 
interest  in  the  business  until  his  death,  in  1882. 
Lincoln  D.  Farr  died  in  January,  1883,  and  the 
business  was  continued  from  that  time  until  De- 
cember, 1884,  by  his  estate,  under  the  management 
of  his  son,  Edward  L.  Farr,  and  Samuel  T.  Bailey, 
who  had  been  employed  as  salesman  in  New  York 
City.  In  December,  1884,  the  present  firm  was 
formed.  The  lot  upon  which  the  works  are  located 
is  four  hundred  by  seven  hundred  feet,  upon  which 
are  eighteen  principal  buildings,  six  of  which  are 
forty  by  one  hundred  feet.  Of  these  buildings, 
six  are  constructed  of  brick,  the  balance  of  wood. 
There  are  three  boilers  aggregating  one  hundred 
and  ninety  horse-power,  with  four  engines  aggre- 
gating eighty  horse-power.  The  buildings  are 
fitted  up  with  the  latest  improved  machinery. 
Employment  is  given  to  about  one  hundred  men. 
The  weekly  production  is  about  twenty-five  thou- 
sand yards  of  floor  oil-cloth.  This  firm  manufac- 
tures floor  oil-cloths,  rugs,  mats  and  stair-cloth. 
The  goods  are  sold  in  all  parts  of  the  United 
States  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  also  in 
Canada. 

.  The  Floor  Oil-Cloth  Manueaotory  at  the 
corner  of  Seventh  Street  and  Jefferson  was  erected 
and  the  business  established,  in  1882,  by  J.  0. 
Dunn,  Jr.,  &  Co.  The  building  is  sixty-six  by  one 
hundred  and  twenty-five  feet  in  dimensions  and  is 
specially  designed  for  the  manufacture  of  floor 
oil-cloths  fi-om  one  yard  to  two  and  one-half  yards 
in  width.  The  various  departments  are  provided 
with  sizing,  rubbing,  varnishing,  painting  and  other 


f      *f 


^^xx/yy^yyxt/ 


tf 


5 


THE  CITf  OF  CAMDEN. 


523 


machines  used  in  the  business.  The  full  capacity 
of  the  factory  is  nine  thousand  nine  hundred  yards 
of  finished  cloth  weekly,  and  constant  employment 
is  given  to  thirty-five  workmen.  The  manufactured 
oil-cloths  of  this  establishment  are  sold  through 
Philadelphia  and  New  York  business  houses.  In 
February,  1886,  J.  C.  Dunn,  Jr.,  purchased  an 
additional  acre  of  ground,  and,  during  that  year, 
erected  another  large  two-story  building,  sixty- two 
by  one  hundred  and  forty  feet,  which  increased 
the  capacity  of  manufacture,  and,  when  put  in 
operation,  furnished  employment  to  eighty  work- 
men. 

Kaighns  Point  Oil-Cloth  Works,  occupy- 
ing an  acre  of  ground  at  Ferry  Eoad  and  Atlantic 
Avenue,  have  been  built  and  put  in  operation 
since  February,  1886.  The  main  building  is  of 
frame,  two  stories  high,  and  is  fifty-four  by  one 
hundred  and  twenty-six  feet  in  dimensions.  It  is 
completely  fitted  up  with  new  machinery,  includ- 
ing sizing,  rubbing,  coating  and  varnishing  ma- 
chines. The  interior  department  is  used  as  the 
drying-room,  with  ranges,  tiers  and  racks,  and  in 
front  there  are  two  paint-mills  and  two  feeders, 
from  which  the  cloth  passes  to  the  different  dryers 
as  the  several  coatings  are  applied.  The  machin- 
ery is  driven  by  two  engines.  The  main  engine  is 
a  twenty-five  horse-power,  and  runs  the  general 
machinery  and  shafting ;  a  small  engine  of  five 
horse-power  runs  the  sizing  machines.  Floor  oil- 
cloth from  one  yard  to  two  and  one-half  yards  in 
width  is  manufactured  and  shipped  to  New  York 
and  Philadelphia  merchants.  The  proprietor  is 
P.  J.  Murphy,  who  has  his  office  at  the  works. 
Twenty  hands  are  employed,  under  the  care  of 
John  B.  Hutchinson  as  general  manager. 

■L.  B.  EajSTDALL,  who  for  eighteen  years  has  been 
superintendent  of  the  oil-cloth  works  of  R.  H.  & 
B.  C.  Reeve,  of  Camden,  in  1884  began  the  manu- 
facture of  oil-cloth  and  wall-paper  blocks,  a  new 
invention  used  in  the  printing  department  of  oil- 
cloth and  wall-paper  manufactories.  His  place  of 
business  is  at  the  corner  of  West  and  Washington 
Streets.  His  son,  Frank  H.  Randall,  has  been 
engaged  for  a  period  of  twelve  years  as  an  employee 
in  the  manufacture  of  oil-cloth,  and  is  now  fore- 
man of  the  works  of  which  his  father  is  superin- 
tendent. 

woolen  and  worsted  mills. 

The  Linden  Worsted  Mills,  one  of  the  largest 
and  most  productive  manufacturing  establishments 
of  its  kind  in  the  Middle  States,  is  situated  on 
the  square  bounded  by  Broadway,  Fourth,  Win- 
slow  and  Jefferson  Streets,  in  South  Camden.  The 
enterprising  proprietors  of  this  industry  are  How- 


land  Croft  and  Herbert  Priestly,  who,  in  1885,  pur- 
chased the  building  which  they  now  occupy,  en- 
larged it  and  fitted  it  up  for  the  manufacture  of 
worsted  yarns.  The  machinery  used  is  of  the  best 
improved  kind,  being  nearly  all  entirely  new.  The 
arrangements  and  surroundings  of  their  establish- 
ment are  admirably  suited  for  the  purposes  de- 
signed, and  the  facilities  for  the  production  of 
worsted  yarns  of  fine  quality  is  equal  to  that  of  any 
worsted-mill  in  America.  The  senior  proprietor, 
Mr.  Croft,  under  whose  intelligent  and  skillful 
management  it  has  attained  such  vast  proportions, 
is  a  thoroughly  practical  manufacturer,  having 
been  continuously  engaged  in  the  business  since  he 
first  entered  a  worstered-mill  as  an  employee  in  his 
native  country,  England,  thirty-years  ago.  The 
Linden  Mill  is  substantially  built  of  brick,  four 
stories  high,  and  situated  in  the  centre  of  a  large 
plot  of  ground  which  is  also  the  property  of  the 
firm.  The  numerous  windows  in  the  mill  admit  a 
plentiful  supply  of  light  into  all  the  departments, 
and  the  heating  accommodations  are  well  arranged- 
Excellent  fire  apparatus  is  connected  with  the 
mill,  with  a  line  of  hose  on  each  floor  and  a  water- 
tank  on  the  top  of  the  tower,  so  that  in  the  case 
of  accidental  fire,  it  could  be  quickly  extinguished 
by  the  appliances  at  ready  command.  AdJDining 
the  large  mill  is  a  wool  warehouse,  in  which  twenty- 
two  wool-sorters  are  occupied  in  handling  the 
finest  domestic  and  Australian  wool  that  can  be 
obtained  and  preparing  and  arranging  it  for  the 
wool- washing  process.  The  washing  and  carding 
of  the  wool  is  done  on  the  first  floor  of  the  large 
mill,  and  adjoining  this  department  is  the  engine- 
room,  containing  a  compound  Corliss  engine  of 
four  hundred  horse-power,  which  is  used  as  the 
motor  to  run  the  extensive  machinery. 

After  the  wool  is  washed  and  carded  it  is  con- 
veyed to  the  combing  department  on  the  second 
story,  where  there  are  eleven  combing-machines, 
nine  of  which  are  new.  Here  the  wool  is  care- 
fully combed  and  prepared  for  the  drawing  depart- 
ment, located  on  the  third  floor,  where  four  large 
drawing-machines  perform  the  delicate  operation 
of  drawing  out  the  top  from  the  combed  wool  into 
rooving  and  preparing  it  for  spinning.  In  the 
fourth  story  the  wonderfully  interesting  operation 
of  spinning  and  twisting  the  yarn  is  done,  with 
the  vast  number  of  seven  thousand  spindles  upon 
an  intricate  combination  of  machinery,  which, 
when  moving,  is  interesting  to  behold.  The  last 
operation  is  that  of  reeling  and  spooling  the  yarn, 
the  production  of  which,  at  this  mill,  ranges  from 
20s  to  100s.  The  manufactured  wool  made  by 
Croft  &  Priestly  is  sold  throughout  the  Middle  and 


524 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


New  EDgland  States.  The  weekly  consumption 
of  wool  is  twenty-five  thousand  pounds,  and  four 
hundred  men  and  women  are  regularly  employed 
at  the  Linden  Mills. 

HowLAND  Ckoft,  the  active  head  and  senior 
proprietor  of  the  industry  just  described,  was  born 
January  16,  1839,  at  Wilsden,  in  Yorkshire,  Eng- 
land, and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Hannah  Howland 
Croft.  His  father  was  a  coachman  for  Major 
Benjamin  Farrand,  a  large  laud-owner  of  that 
country.  His  mother  is  of  Scotch  descent,  as  the 
name  indicates.  Young  Croft  became  an  orphan 
at  the  early  age  of  three  years,  when  his  father  was 
fatally  injured  by  being  thrown  from  a  horse,  and 
the  boy  was  placed  upon  his  own  resources  to  gain 
a  livelihood.  As  soon  as  he  was  large  enough  to 
perform  manual  labor  he  was  employed  in  a  wor- 
sted-mill in  his  native  place,  spending  one-half  the 
day  in  school  and  the  other  half  in  the  mill,  until 
he  arrived  at  the  age  of  twelve  years,  when  he  de- 
voted full  time  to  his  work  in  the  mill,  and  con- 
tinued thus  employed  until  he  was  seventeen. 
Being  an  active  boy  and  quick  to  learn  the  busi- 
ness, he  then  went  to  the  town  of  Farsley,  in  York- 
shire, and  took  charge  of  a  small  factory,  and  while 
there  met  Mr.  Briggs  Priestly,  father  of  his  present 
partner,  now  a  member  of  the  English  Parliament, 
and  a  large  manufacturer  and  land-owner  of  Brad- 
ford, England.  Mr.  Croft  remained  in  that  position 
until  1867;  in  the  meantime  the  mill  was  enlarged. 
During  that  year  he  concluded  to  come  to  America. 
He  located  in  Philadelphia,  and  immediately  there- 
after became  superintendent  of  one  of  the  depart- 
ments of  the  worsted-mill  of  John  and  William 
Yewdell,  then  the  only  manufactory  of  its  kind  in 
that  city.  After  an  engagement  of  three  weeks  he 
was  sent  by  his  employers  to  England  to  i)urchase 
improved  machinery  for  their  enlarged  mill,  and 
upon  his  return  he  brought  his  family  with  him. 
After  an  engagement  of  two  years  in  the  employ 
mentioned,  Mr.  Croft  was  solicited  by  George  Camp- 
bell to  superintend  the  establishment  and  manage- 
ment of  a  new  worsted-mill  at  Twenty-first  Street 
and  Washington  Avenue,  Philadelphia,  which  soon 
developed  to  be  the  largest  worsted  manufactory 
in  the  city.  He  continued  in  that  responsible 
position  and  built  up  the  interests  of  his  employer 
until  1879,  when  he  retired  from  the  position,  went 
to  England  to  purchase  machinery  for  a  new  wor- 
sted-mill to  be  located  at  Front  Street  and 
Linden,  in  Camden,  and  of  which,  upon  returning, 
he  became  the  senior  proprietor,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Croft,  Midgely  &  Rommel,  who  operated 
the  first  worsted-mill  in  New  Jersey.  This  partner- 
ship existed  for  two  and  a  half  years.     In  1884  Mr. 


Croft  purchased  the  interest  of  his  partners  and 
called  in  as  his  new  partner  Mr.  Herbert  Priestly, 
and  formed  the  present  firm  of  Croft  &  Priestly, 
and  they  also  operated  a  mill  in  Philadelphia,  along 
with  the  Camden  mill.  In  1885  the  firm  of  Croft 
&  Priestly  disposed  of  their  other  mills  and  pur- 
chased the  one  which  they  now  own  and  operate. 

Mr.  Croft  was  married,  in  1859,  in  Farsley,  Eng- 
land, to  Mary  Granger,  daughter  of  William 
Granger,  of  that  town.  By  this  marriage  were 
born  eight  children,  six  of  whom — Annie,  John 
William,  Miranda,  Clara,  George  and  Samuel — 
are  now  living.  John  William,  Ihe  eldest  son,  is 
engaged  with  his  father  in  business.  The  two 
youngest  sons  are  attending  school  near  Harrow- 
gate,  in  England. 

A.  Pkiestley  &  Co.,  during  the  year  1886,  es- 
tablished a  mill  for  the  manufacture  of  worsted 
suitings  at  the  corner  of  Broadway  and  Jefierson 
Street,  in  South  Camden.  This  enterprising  firm, 
composed  of  Arthur  Priestley  and  Herbert  Bot- 
tomley,  for  five  years  previously  had  operated  a 
mill  in  the  manufacture  of  the  same  kind  of  goods 
at  Second  Street  and  Columbia  Avenue,  in  Phila- 
delphia. Obtaining  the  eligible  location  which 
they  now  occupy,  they  erected  a  weaving  shed  of 
brick,  two  hundred  and  five  by  ninety-one  feet, 
which  has  a  capacity  of  one  hundred  and  sixty- 
eight  broad  looms.  The  present  plant  contains 
forty  broad  looms,  which  will  soon  be  increased  to 
seventy-two.  These,  with  the  finishing  and  other 
machinery  necessary  to  the  production  of  the 
manufactured  goods,  will  occupy  the  capacity  of 
the  present  shed.  When  all  the  space  is  thus 
taken  up,  the  firm  contemplate  erecting  an  addi- 
tional mill  for  the  machinery  and  filling  up  the 
shed  now  used  with  the  looms.  The  mill  has  been 
put  into  operation  and  will  in  a  very  short  time, 
by  the  completion  of  the  plans  already  formulated, 
be  one  of  the  most  important  industries  in  Cam- 
den, and  will  employ  a  large  number  of  workmen. 

The  Camden  WooIjEN-Mills  Company  on 
State  Street  near  Coopers  Creek.  This  is  a  corpo- 
ration which  was  organized  in  December,  1882, 
with  Henry  Bottomley,  president ;  John  T.  Bottom- 
ley,  treasurer  ;  William  M.  Capp,  secretary  ;  and 
S.  B.  Stitt  &  Co.,  selling  agents.  They  operate 
the  Camden  woolen-mills,  which  were  built  in 
1863,  and  of  which  Henry  Bottomley  was  then 
superintendent  aud  S.  B.  Stitt  treasurer.  The 
buildings,  ten  in  number,  are  built  of  fine  bricks 
and  include  the  mill  proper,  three  hundred  by 
fifty-two  feet,  half  of  which  is  three  stories  in 
height,  the  other  half  two  stories ;  an  L  extension 
three  stories   high,  ninety   by   thirty-three  feet; 


^^^-^^t^^t 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


525 


engine-house,  boiler-house,  two  dye-houses,  one 
dry-house,  one  picker-house,  one  raw  stock  ware- 
house and  one  warehouse  for  finished  goods.  There 
are  also  thirty-nine  tenement-houses  of  two  and 
three  stories  in  height  upon  the  property.  The 
total  area  occupied  is  about  seven  acres.  Many  kinds 
of  cloth,  both  woolen  and  worsted,  for  men's  and 
women's  wear,  are  manufactured.  These  mills  are 
favorably  known  to  the  trade  and  have  a  wide- 
spread reputation  for  superior  equipments  in 
machinery  and  for  the  superiority  of  the  goods 
produced.  The  improved  and  automatic  machin- 
ery supplied  to  the  mills  include  sixteen  sets  of 
cards  and  one  hundred  and  two  broad  looms,  with 
other  necessary  machines  for  woolens  and  worsteds. 
The  motive  force  is  furnished  by  a  high-pressure 
Corliss  engine  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  horse- 
power, which  is  run  by  six  cylinder  and  two  steel 
tubular  boilers.  There  are  three  hundred  and 
seventy-seven  employees  constantly  at  work.  The 
products  are  sold  through  S.  B.  Stitt  &  Co.,  whose 
oflBces  are  located  at  No.  221  Chestnut  Street, 
Philadelphia,  and  No.  49  Leonard  Street,  New 
York  City. 

Highland  Worsted-Mills  are  at  Ninth  and 
State  Streets  and  on  Coopers  Creek.  They  were 
built  by  a  company  in  1884.  This  company  was 
incorporated  early  in  the  year  1884  with  S.  B. 
Stitt  as  president ;  John  T.  Bottomley,  treasurer  ; 
William  M.  Capp,  secretary ;  and  Henry  Bottom- 
ley,  agent.  The  mills  cover  an  area  of  four  hun- 
dred and  fifty  by  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet,  and 
include  one  large  four-story  mill,  engine  and  boiler- 
house,  store-house  and  office,  all  of  brick.  These 
buildings  were  specially  designed  and  constructed 
by  the  company  with  every  improvement  .suggested 
by  the  highest  style  of  architecture  and  with  every 
precaution  against  destruction  by  fire,  being  pro- 
tected by  automatic  water-pipes  as  a  safeguard. 
The  company  is  yet  in  its  infancy  and  only  a 
portion  of  the  mills  is  in  operation.  Two  large 
operating-rooms,  two  hundred  by  sixty  feet,  have 
recently  been  furnished  with  new  and  improved 
machines,  which  will  enable  the  company  to  man- 
ufacture more  than  triple  the  amount  previously 
produced.  In  the  original  building  there  were  in 
running  order  nine  carding-machines,  six  combing- 
machines,  three  sets  of  drawing-machines  and 
forty-four  hundred  spindles,  which  produce  worsted 
yarns  of  all  kinds  known  to  the  trade.  The  en- 
tire machinery  is  driven  by  a  compound  condensing 
Corliss  engine  of  five  hundred  horse-power,  run 
by  two  Galloway  boilers  of  three  hundred  horse- 
power each.  The  draught-stack  for  these  boilers 
is  one  hundred  and  eighty-three  feet  high  and  six 
63 


and  a  half  feet  inside  measure  at  the  top.  Two 
hundred  and  forty  hands  have  constant  employ- 
ment in  the  mills.  The  products  are  sold  through- 
out the  United  States.  The  offices  of  the  company 
are  at  No.  221  Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia,  and 
No.  49  Leonard  Street,  New  York  City. 

The  Pine  Point  Mills,  located  at  corner  of 
Erie  Street  and  Fifth,  above  Coopers  Point,  were 
established  in  April,  1886,  by  John  S.  Spruance 
and  James  S.  Birkhead,  in  the  mills  formerly 
operated  by  the  Wood  Manufacturing  Company, 
and  which  had  been  idle  for  one  year.  The  firm 
of  Spruance  &  Birkhead  fitted  up  the  mills  with 
new  machinery,  including  two  sets  of  latest  im- 
proved Bridesburg  cards,  one  wool-picker,  one 
willow-picker  and  four  mules  running  three  hun- 
dred and  ninety-six  spindles  each ;  also  reels, 
twisters  and  other  automatic  machines  used  in  the 
production  of  cotton  and  woolen  yarns.  The  mills 
occupy  an  acre  of  ground  on  the  Delaware  Eiver 
and  include  four  brick  buildings.  The  mill  proper 
is  one  hundred  and  sixty  bysixty  feet,  with  North 
light  roofing,  and  has  a  boiler-house,  a  picker- 
room  and  an  engine-room  adjoining.  An  Erie  City 
engine  of  sixty  horse-power,  run  by  a  seventy-five 
horse-power  Erie  boiler,  is  used.  Twenty  hands 
are  employed.  The  products  are  shipped  to  man- 
ufacturers in  the  States  of  New  York  and  Penn- 
sylvania, the  mills  at  Cohoes,  New  York  State, 
using  the  largest  portion. 

Novelty  Worsted-Mill  was  established  in 
1883  by  James  E.  Ackroyd  and  Joseph  W.  Scull, 
for  the  manufacture  of  worsted  yarns  to  supply  to 
the  trade  in  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania  and  the 
New  England  States.  The  mill  is  situated  at  the 
corner  of  Pine  Street  and  Pearl.  It  is  three  stories 
high,  has  a  frontage  of  one  hundred  and  sixty 
feet,  and  extends  from  thence  to  the  Delaware 
Eiver.  It  is  fully  equipped  with  machinery  and 
appliances  for  the  production  of  worsted  yarn  in 
large  quantities,  having  nine  spinning  frames  of 
one  hundred  and  sixty-eight  spindles  each,  or,  in 
all,  one  thousand  five  hundred  and  twelve  spindles, 
three  carding-machines,  two  combing-machines, 
eighteen  drawing-machines  and  four  doubling- 
machines.  A  one  hundred  and  fifty  horse-power 
engine,  with  two  tubular  boilers,  furnish  the  mo- 
tive power  to  run  the  machinery.  Four  thousand 
pounds  of  yarn  are  manufactured  weekly,  and 
eighty  workmen  are  employed.  The  business 
office  for  the  sale  of  yarn  is  at  No.  30  Letitia 
Street,  Philadelphia. 

The  Abbefoyle  MiLxs  were  lately  erected 
for  the  manufacture  of  ladies'  fine  dress  goods, 
such   as   seersuckers,    ginghams,   chambries,   etc. 


526 


HISTORY  OE  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


This  extensive  mill  property  is  leased  and  operated 
by  W.  T.  Galey  and  is  well  fitted  up  with  the  new 
and  most  improved  machinery  for  the  manufacture 
of  his  particular  line  of  goods.  He  has  now  one 
hundred  looms  and  preparing  machinery  for  the 
same  ;  also  calenders,  Miller's  Eotary  Press, 
power  press,  singeing,  shearing,  tendering,  starch- 
ing ancl  folding-machines,  also  rolling  and  sewing- 
machines.  At  present  one  hundred  workmen  are 
employed.  The  mill  is  two  stories  high  and  fifty- 
three  by  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet.  There  is  also 
an  engine-house,  sixty-five  by  twenty-two  feet, 
containing  one  seventy-five  horse-power  Buckeye 
automatic  cut-off'  engine  and  powerful  dynamos 
for  furnishing  light  for  the  mill  and  property 
generally;  also  one  Hoflf  &  Fontaine  engine  of 
thirty-five  horse-power,  one  boiler-house,  thirty- 
four  by  thirty-two  feet,  containing  two  steel  tubu- 
lar boilers  of  two  hundred  horse-power.  One  hun- 
dred looms  are  in  operation,  which  number  will  be 
largely  increased.  When  the  entire  works  of  the 
company  are  in  complete  operation,  five  hundred 
hands  will  be  employed.  Ten  three-story  brick 
dwelling-houses  are  now  on  the  ground  for  the  use 
of  the  operatives  and  more  will  be  erected. 

The  Brighton  Mills,  near  the  corner  of 
Point  and  Erie  Streets,  were  established  by  Irvine 
C.  Beatty,  in  May,  1883,  for  the  manufacture  of 
elastic  shoe  webs.  The  brick  manufactory  is  fifty 
by  one  hundred  feet  in  dimensions,  and  is  supplied 
with  fifteen  looms,  twenty-three  feet  long,  with 
ten  shuttles  each,  weaving  ten  pieces  of  webbing 
at  the  same  time,  and  capable  of  as  many  changes 
in  colors  as  may  be  desired.  There  are  also  gass- 
ing-machines, calenders,  warping-mills  and  wind- 
ers, all  of  the  most  improved  pattern  and  design. 
Forty  workmen  are  employed,  who  produce  eight 
thousand  yards  of  web  per  week,  sufficient  to  fit 
out  twenty-five  thousand  pairs  of  Congress  gait- 
ers. This  webbing  is  sold  in  large  quantities  to 
the  trade  throughout  the  entire  United  States.  A 
thirty  horse-power  engine  furnishes  the  motive- 
power  to  the  varied  automatic  machinery  required 
in  the  production  of  the  finished  material. 

Mr.  Beatty  is  now  preparing  to  construct  at 
Pine  Point,  in  North  Camden,  a  large  three-story 
brick  factory,  fifty-three  by  one  hundred  feet,  in 
order  to  enable  him  to  meet  the  now  steadily 
increasing  demand.  More  looms' and  machinery 
wiM  be  added,  so  as  to  give  employment  to  one 
hundred  and  fifty  hands,  and  produce  twenty-two 
thousand  yards  of  webbing  per  week. 

In  the  proprietor  of  these  works,  Irvine  C. 
Beatty,  is  exhibited  a  fine  example  of  what  in- 
dustry, integrity  and  pluck,  unaided  by  the  prestige 


of  position  or  wealth,  can  accomplish  under  the 
conditions  of  the  American  commercial  system. 
The  road  to  success  is  open  to  all,  but  only  a  few 
reach  the  goal  because  of  the  ruggedness  of  the 
pathway  at  the  outstart.  Some  are  carried  over 
the  rough  places  at  the  beginning  of  the  road  of 
life,  but  young  Beatty  made  his  own  way  from  the 
outset,  as  a  few  facts  concerning  his  career  will 
show.  Born  in  Boughenforth,  County  Fermanagh, 
Ireland,  April  23,  1849,  he  came  to  America  as  an 
infant  in  his  mother's  arms.  His  father,  William 
Beatty,  having  lost  what  little  property  he  pos- 
sessed in  the  old  country,  determined  to  find  a 
home  in  the  new,  and  having  come  to  Philadelphia 
and  found  employment,  had  sent  for  his  wife,  Mary 
Chittick  Beatty,  and  his  family,  six  months  later. 
They  arrived  in  the  Quaker  City  in  the  summer  of 
1850,  at  the  time  of  the  great  fire,  and  thus  re- 
united, enjoyed  a  humble  but  happy  home  for  a 
dozen  years.  Then  the  supporter,  the  husband 
and  father  died,  and  a  hard  struggle  was  forced 
upon  those  bereft.  Irvine  left  school  at  the  age  of 
thirteen  and  a  half  years  to  begin  the  battle  of 
life.  He  obtained  work  with  the  same  house 
where  his  father  had  been  employed — that  of 
Alexander  Whillden  &  Sons,  dealers  in  wool, 
woolens,  cotton  and  cotton  yarns.  His  wages  were 
"  nothing  a  year  "  for  the  first  year,  fifty  dollars 
for  the  second  and  one  hundred  dollars  for  the 
third — the  usual  arrangement  at  that  time.  While 
working  for  "  nothing  a  year  "  he  sewed  wool-bags 
and  performed  similar  work  at  night,  often  toiling 
as  late  as  two  o'clock  in  the  morning,  to  earn  a 
few  pennies  for  the  support  of  the  family.  He 
progressed  from  this  humble  beginning  slowly  at 
first,  and  then  rapidly  until  1875,  when  after  hav- 
ing been  a  salesman  for  a  number  of  years  and 
thoroughly  mastering  the  business,  he  gave  up  a 
salary  of  thirty-five  hundred  dollars  per  year  to 
embark  in  trade  for  himself.  In  January,  1876, 
he  opened  a  cotton,  woolen  and  worsted  yarns 
house  at  35  Letitia  Street,  Philadelphia,  afterwards 
removing  to  123  Chestnut  Street,  where  he  was 
burned  out,  and  after  that  disaster,  to  his  present 
location,  136  Chestnut  Street.  Here  he,  who  as 
the  boy  began  at  "  nothing  a  year,"  now  as  a  young 
man,  carries  on  a  business  amounting  to  from  seven 
to  eight  hundred  thousand  dollars  per  year.  The 
goods  handled  by  the  house  are  cotton,  woolen 
and  worsted  yarns.  In  the  works  in  Camden,  for 
the  manufacture  of  elastic  shoe-webbing,  started,  as 
heretofore  noted,  in  1883,  a  business  is  done  which 
amounts  to  about  one  hundred  thousand  dollars 
per  annum.  Mr.  Beatty's  activity,  however,  is  not 
confined  to  these  enterprises,  large  as  they  are. 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


527 


He  is  president  of  the  Deibel  Sewiiig-Macliine 
and  Trimmer  Manufacturing  Company,  at  Tliird 
aud  Cumberland  Streets,  Philadelphia,  and  a 
director  of  the  Camden  National  Bank.  He  takes 
also  an  active  interest  in  matters  pertaining  to  the 
public  welfare;  is  one  of  the  strongest  supporters, 
though  not  a  member,  of  the  Tabernacle  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  ;  is  an  influential  member  of 
the  Board  of  Education  and  chairman  of  its  board 
of  property.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican.  He 
is  a  member  of  Ionic  Lodge  No.  94  P.  and  A.  M.; 
Siloam  Royal  Arch  Chapter;  Cyrene  Commandery 
of  Knight  Templars  of  Camden,  and  is  a  32d  de- 
gree Mason.  Mr.  Beatty  was  united  in  marriage, 
December  12, 1877,  to  Miss  Mary  S.  Gray,  of  Ber- 
nardston,  Franklin  County,  Mass.,  and  they  have 
one  child,  William  Beatty. 

The  Lace  and  Embroidery  Manufactory 
at  Front  Street  and  Pearl  is  an  establishment  of 
extensive  proportions.  It  was  originated,  in  1882, 
by  the  firm  of  Loeb  &  Schoenfeld,  composed  of 
Jacob  Loeb,  Max  Schoenfeld  and  David  Schoen- 
feld, who  manufacture  a  great  variety  of  laces 
and  embroidery  of  fine  qualities.  This  factory  is 
a  branch  of  a  larger  one  at  Rorschach,  Switzer- 
land, the  Camden  factory  having  the  main  ware- 
house at  Nos.  70  and  72  Franklin  Street,  New  York 
City.  The  Camden  mill  is  built  of  brick,  four 
stories  high,  and  is  fitted  up  with  improved  ma- 
chinery, and  one  hundred  and  fifty  hands  are  em- 
ployed. 

The  Gimp  and  Fringe  Manufactory  at 
Nos.  39  and  41  North  Second  Street  was  established 
first  in  Philadelphia,  in  1858,  by  Richard  Perks 
In  1872  he  sold  his  interest  in  the  business  to 
George  A.  Perks  &  Co.  In  1878  they  removed 
the  machinery  and  appurtenances  to  Camden,  and 
fitted  up  the  manufactory,  which  is  of  brick,  thirty 
by  one  hundred  and  fifty-five  feet,  with  twelve 
weaving  looms,  four  chenille  machines  and  six 
spinnijig  and  spooling  wheels  and  other  necessary 
machinery  for  the  manufacture  of  gimps,  fringes, 
cords,  tassels,  etc.,  for  upholstery  trimmings.  In 
1884  George  A.  Perks  became  sole  proprietor,  but 
still  conducts  the  business  under  the  firm-name. 
Seventy  hands  are  employed.  The  manufactured 
products  of  this  establishment  are  sold  principally 
to  upholsterers  in  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Balti- 
more and  other  cities. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

The  Wood  Manufacturing  Company,  of 
which  J.  B.  Wood  is  president,  E.  H.  Kimball 
treasurer,  and  Guy  B.  Greenwood  secretary  and 
general  manager  was  established  as  a  stock  company 


in  the  year  1886,  and  within  the  short  space  of  eight 
months  made  very  great  improvements  at  Pine 
Point,  in  the  upper  part  of  Camden  City.  This 
company  bought  ten  acres  of  ground  on  the  Dela- 
ware River  front,  at  the  head  of  Fifth  Street, 
including  the  basin  of  the  sectional  dry-docks, 
which  were  in  operation  for  about  five  years  pre- 
viously, but  discontinued  in  August,  1885.  The 
company  has  constructed  two  large  wharves,  one 
twenty-two  by  six  hundred  and  forty  feet,  the 
other  twenty-t\Vo  by  seven  hundred  and  twenty 
feet.  The  basin  is  one  hundred  and  four  by  three 
hundred  and  forty  feet,  with  an  average  depth  of 
twenty-four  feet,  and  is  now  used  for  wharfage 
property,  repairing  and  dischai-ging  of  difierent 
cargoes.  East  of,  and  adjacent  to,  this  basin  is 
the  long  wharf,  seven  hundred  and  twenty  feet  in 
length,  forming  the  west  side  of  the  new  marine 
railway,  which  has  been  in  course  of  construction 
since  May  1st  of  the  present  year  (1886).  The 
dimensions  of  this,  the  largest  marine  railway  ever 
constructed  on  the  Delaware  River,  is  eight  hun- 
dred and  twenty-five  feet  in  length  on  the  ways, 
and  of  sufficient  width  for  four  tracks,  and  is  cal- 
culated to  haul  out  vessels  of  two  thousand  eight 
hundred  tons  register  and  three  hundred  and  fifty 
feet  in  length.  This  railway  is  now  complete  with 
the  exception  of  the  carriage,  which  is  three  hun- 
dred feet  in  length,  and  the  placing  in  position  of 
the  machinery  and  engine,  which  are  already  on 
the  ground. 

The  Aroma  Mills  are  situated  at  the  east  end 
of  Line  Street,  on  Coopers  Creek,  and  were  estab- 
lished in  the  year  1840  by  the  Browning  Brothers, 
for  the  manufacture  of  dye-woods  and  chemicals. 
The  business  at  these  mills,  when  they  were  first 
started,  was  conducted  on  a  limited  scale,  but 
during  the  forty-six  years  that  they  have  been  in 
continuous  operation  under  the  same  management 
they  have  grown  and  developed  into  an  extensive 
industry.  Large  buildings  have  been  added  to  the 
original  one,  until  there  are  now  nine  in  all,  which 
are  built  upon  the  property  of  the  firm  who  con- 
duct the  business. 

The  main  building  is  a  three-story  brick,  eighty 
by  one  hundred  feet,  and  with  the  adjacent  build- 
ings, is  supplied  and  fitted  with  the  necessary  ap- 
pliances and  machinery  for  the  special  preparation 
of  their  products.  From  seventy  to  eighty  work- 
men are  employed,  and  five  large  motor  engines 
and  four  pumping  engines,  with  thirty  boilers,  are 
.  required  to  extract  dyes  and  drive  the  machinery. 
The  business  and  annual  sales  of  this  firm  are  very 
large.  The  trade  extends  throughout  the  Union, 
and  also  to  many  portions  of  Europe. 


528 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


The  main  office  of  these  mills  is  at  Nos.  42  and 
44  North  Front  Street,  Philadelphia.  The  indi- 
vidual members  of  the  firm  are  Maurice,  G.  Genge 
and  George  G.  Browning. 

Maueice  Beowning,  the  senior  member  of  the 
firm  of  Browning  Brothers,  proprietors  of  the 
above-described  industry,  was  born  June  5,  1811, 
on  the  homestead  farm  of  the  Browning  family,  in 
Stockton  township,  about  three  and  a  half  miles 
from  Camden.  The  family  to  which  he  belongs  is 
one  of  the  oldest  in  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  the 
American  founder  being  George  Browning,  who 
came  immediately  from  Holland  to  this  country 
about  1735,  and  settled  near  Pea  Shore,  in  what  is 
now  Stockton  township.  Abraham  Browning,  the 
father  of  Maurice  Browning,  was  a  prosperous 
farmer.  He  also  established  what  is  now  known 
as  the  Market  Street  Ferry  in  Camden,  about  1800, 
and  owned  it  until  his  death,  in  1836,  when  it 
passed  to  his  heirs,  among  whom  was  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  and  who  is  now  a  director  in  the 
company  which  operates  the  ferry. 

Maurice  Browning  obtained  his  earliest  educa- 
tion in  the  country  schools  in  the  neighborhood  of 
his  home,  and  afterwards  attended  the  popular 
school  at  Burlington  of  John  Gummere,  the  math- 
ematician, at  whose  institution  his  brother,  Hon. 
Abraham  Browning,  was  prepared  for  Yale  Col- 
lege. After  leaving  school  he  entered  a  drug- 
store at  Mount  Holly,  N.  J.,  remaining  for  a  time, 
and  then  took  a  course  in  laboratory  work  and 
pharmacy  under  Doctors  Wood  and  Bache  in  Phil- 
adelphia. He  next  opened  a  drug-store  on  Market 
Street,  in  the  city  named,  and  since  1840  has 
devoted  most  of  his  time  to  the  interest  of  the 
Aroma  Mills.  Mr.  Browning  was  one  of  the 
directors  of  the  Farmers  and  Mechanics  Bank, 
was  a  director  in  1864,  when  its  charter  was 
changed  to  the  First  National  Bank  of  Camden, 
and  continued  a  member  of  the  board  of  that  in- 
stitution until  his  resignation,  in  1885.  He  was 
one  of  the  original  members  of  the  Union  League 
of  Philadelphia,  and  since  the  organization  of  the 
Eepublican  party  he  has  been  an  ardent  supporter 
of  its  principles.  He  is  manager  of  the  Browning 
estate,  comprising  several  valuable  farms  lying  in 
Stockton  township. 

Mr.  Browning  was  married,  in  1840,  to  Anna  A., 
daughter  of  Joshua  Few  Smith,  who  was  a  promi- 
nent merchant  of  Philadelphia,  and  in  later  years 
lived  in  retirement  on  a  farm  near  Haddonfleld. 
They  had  the  following  children :  Abraham  M. 
(deceased) ;  Josephine,  married  to  Isaac  Doughten 
of  Camden  ;  and  Alice.  Mrs.  Browning  died  in 
the  year  1880. 


Camden  Dyewood,  Extract  and  Chemical 
Works  are  located  at  the  corner  of  Seventeenth 
and  Stevens  Streets,  fronting  on  Cooper  Creek,  and 
are  owned  and  operated  by  W.  Wharton  Fisher. 
They  cover  an  area  of  two  acres ,  and  were  established 
in  the  year  1880.  Forty  men  are  regularly  em- 
ployed in  the  manufacturing  dyewoods  and  chemi- 
cals for  dyeing  purposes.  The  apartments  occu- 
pied are  a  large  three-story  brick  building,  eighty 
by  one  hundred  feet,  with  an  engine  and  boiler- 
room  annex,  thirty-three  by  thirty  feet,  a  frame  one- 
story  building,  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  by  one 
hundred  and  forty  feet,  and  three  other  frame  build- 
ings adjoining  the  larger  ones.  The  valuable  prod- 
ucts of  this  manufacturing  establishment  have  an 
extensive  sale  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States. 

The  New  Jersey  Chemical  Works,  on  Coop- 
ers Creek,  occupy  several  large  buildings  and 
sheds,  covering  an  area  of  two  and  one-half  acres. 
Previous  to  1872  they  were  operated  by  Potts  & 
Klett,  for  the  manufacture  of  chemicals  and  fertil- 
izers. In  that  year  they  came  into  the  possession  of 
the  New  Jersey  Chemical  Company,  which  was 
incorporated  in  1872,  with  Henry  C.  Gibson,  pres- 
ident ;  Thomas  B.  Watson,  treasurer ;  and  William 
E.  Lafferty,  secretary.  This  company  continue 
the  manufacture  of  chemicals  and  fertilizers,  and 
have  fitted  up  eight  large  buildings  of  brick  and 
stone  and  two  large  acid  chambers,  two  hundred 
by  forty  feet  in  dimensions,  for  the  preparation  of 
their  products,  which  are  shipped  to  localities  in 
the  different  States.  Three  large  engines,  equal  to 
one  hundred  and  twenty-five  horse-power,  supply 
the  motive-power  for  the  machinery.  From  seventy 
to  eighty  hands  are  employed.  The  company 
transact  a  business  of  very  large  proportions. 

The  Camden  City  Dye  Works,  Nos.  609  and 
611  Pearl  Street,  were  started  in  1877  by  Henry 
Hussong  and  Conrad  Moelil  at  the  corner  of  Point 
and  Pearl  Streets.  In  1879  the  present  firm  bought 
out  the  boilers  and  machinery  and  removed  the 
entire  business  to  the  present  location.  The  firm 
is  composed  of  Peter  Hussong  and  his  three  sons, 
Henry,  Joseph  and  Frederick  Hussong.  The  fac- 
tory is  a  two-story  brick,  sixty  by  one  hundred  and 
fifty  feet  in  dimensions,  and  completely  fitted  out 
with  engine,  boilers,  whizzers,  dryers,  etc.,  for  dye- 
ing cotton  and  woolen  yarns.  The  business  extends 
to  New  York,  Pennsylvania  and  some  of  the  South- 
ern States,  and  the  work  is  principally  done  by 
contract  for  the  large  cotton  and  woolen  goods 
manufacturers. 

The  American  Bleach  and  Dye  Works 
are  located  on  the  corner  of  Sixth  Street  and  Me- 
chanic.    A  two-story  building,  forty  by  eighty 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


529 


feet,  was  erected  in  1881,  by  J.  S.  P.  Hogan  and 
J.  J.  Hayes,  for  a  hosiery-mill.  They  conducted 
this  business  as  partners  until  1885,  when  J.  J. 
Hayes  took  charge  of  the  hosiery  businesss  alone, 
and,  with  J.  S-  P.  Hogan,  built  the  adjoining  one- 
story  frame  building,  thirty  by  eighty  feet,  and, 
when  completed,  the  hosiery  business  was  discon- 
tinued, and  the  buildings  were  fitted  up  as  dye 
and  bleach  works.  The  bleaching  and  drying-mill 
is  supplied  with  a  large-size  Butterworth  drying- 
machine,  washing-machines  and  starching  and 
blueing-machines,  which  are  driven  by  a  twenty 
horse-power  engine,  with  a  thirty-five  horse-power 
horizontal  boiler.  The  dye-house  is  furnished 
with  fifteen  dye  vats,  and  has  ample  machinery  and 
facilities  for  drying,  both  by  hot  air  and  steam. 
The  dye-house  requires  a  fifteen  horse-power  en- 
gine to  run  the  required  machinery  for  the  dyeing 
of  cotton,  woolen  and  jute  yarns,  and  the  bleach- 
ing of  quilts,  counterpanes,  Turkish  towels,  etc. 
From  six  to  ten  workmen  are  employed.  Mr.  J. 
J.  Hayes,  one  of  the  proprietors,  is  a  practical 
dyer,  and  has  had  many  years'  experience  in  his 
occupation.  The  trade  of  the  firm  is  quite  ex- 
tensive, and  is  conducted  in  the  interests  of  Phil- 
adelphia and  many  Western  manufacturers. 

The  Printing  Ink  Manufactory  is  situated 
at  Nos.  547,  549  and  551  South  Second  Street. 
Samuel  P.  Wright  &  Co.,  who  operate  these 
works,  have  the  business  ofiice  on  Second  Street 
and  in  the  rear  are  located  the  several  buildings 
and  departments  for  the  manufacture  of  the  various 
grades  and  colors  of  printers'  and  lithographers' 
inks  and  varnishes.  The  grinding  department  is 
furnished  with  an  engine  of  one  hundred  horse- 
power, which  runs  fourteen  mills,  together  with  the 
machinery  for  the  varnish  department.  The  weekly 
production  is  six  thousand  pounds,  mostly  of  the 
finer  grades,  which  are  sold  through  the  Middle, 
Southern  and  Western  States.  S.  P.  Wright  began 
the  manufacture  of  inks  in  Philadelphia  in  1866.  In 
1877  he  removed  his  works  to  Camden,  and  for 
nine  months  of  1879  they  were  operated  by  Wright 
&  Dunk.  In  the  same  year  Samuel  P.  Wright 
bought  the  interest  of  Mr.  Dunk  and  became  sole 
proprietor,  under  the  name  of  Samuel  P.  Wright 
&  Co.,  the  company  being  nominal. 

Camden  Brass  Works  originated  about  1868, 
in  a  brass  foundry,  at  No.  136  Federal  Street,  and 
conducted  by  A.  J.  Fullmer  &  Co.  The  location 
mentioned  was  limited  in  space  and  unsuitable  for 
the  business;  hence  in  1874,  the  same  firm  built 
the  large  brick  foundry  now  owned  and  operated 
by  them  on  the  corner  of  Front  Street  and  Fed- 
eral, where  brass  and  bronze  castings  of  various 


kinds  are  made.  A  large  finishing  shop  is  con- 
nected with  the  foundry,  with  appropriate  machin- 
ery for  turning,  grinding  and  polishing  brass  work. 
The  machinery  is  run  by  an  engine  of  ten  horse- 
power. Employment  is  given  to  a  large  number 
of  hands. 

West  Jersey  Paper  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany own  large  mills  at  the  corner  of  Front  and 
Elm  Streets,  which  were  built  in  1876  by  the  firm 
of  Rich,  Scott  &  Safford,  who  the  same  year  began 
the  manufacture  of  paper.  In  1879  a  charter  of 
incorporation  was  obtained,  with  the  above  title, 
with  Lewis  Seal,  president;  T.  S.  Scott,  treasurer; 
T.  S.  Safibrd,  secretary.  The  mill  is  built  of  brick, 
one  hundred  and  forty  by  one  hundred  and  forty 
feet  in  dimensions,  and  is  specially  supplied 
with  machinery  for  making  rope-paper  of  three 
brands,  known  as  flour-sack,  building  and  cotton 
sampling.  In  the  various  departments  are  large 
mixing-vats,  steamers  and  dryers,  the  principal 
department  having  in  operation  one  one  hundred 
and  twenty  inch  cylinder-machine,  and  six  six  hun- 
dred pounds  beating-engines.  Two  steam-engines, 
one  of  two  hundred  and  one  of  sixty  horse-power, 
are  run  by  a  gang  of  four  large  tubular  boilers, 
and  supply  the  motive-power  to  run  the  heavy 
machinery.  Two  and  a  half  tons  of  paper  are 
manufactured  daily,  and  forty  hands  constantly 
employed.  The  manufactured  paper  is  sold  through 
Boston,  New  York  and  Philadelphia  houses. 

The  Pfeil  &  Golz  Company,  of  which  Herman 
C.  Pfeil  and  Julius  Golz  are  the  individual  mem- 
bers, commenced  business  as  lithographers,  in 
1882,  at  the  corner  of  Front  and  Pearl  Streets.  In 
1883  the  business  had  greatly  increased,  more 
room  was  required,  and  a  large  manufactory  was 
erected  at  the  foot  of  Cooper  Street.  In  December 
of  that  year  the  company  removed  to  the  new 
factory,  and  on  February  4,  1884,  the  building 
was  entirely  destroyed  by  fire.  From  this  date 
until  the  fall  of  that  year  they  used  temporary 
quarters,  and,  in  the  meantime,  were  having  built 
a  large  four-story  manufactory,  fifty  by  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  feet  in  dimensions,  and  arranged 
especially  for  lithographic  purposes.  In  1885  the 
company  was  incorporated  under  the  above  title. 
A  thirty-five  horse-power  engine  furnishes  the 
motive-power  for  running  power  presses  and  the 
machines  for  calendering,  varnishing  and  coloring, 
used  in  the  production  of  lithographs,  glass,  paper 
and  muslin  advertising  signs,  show-cards,  etc.  The 
manufacture  of  impermiographs  is  a  specialty  with 
this  firm,  and  large  contracts  are  made  with  the 
leading  manufacturers,  who  desire  this  special 
production  to  advertise  their  business.    Including 


530 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


artists  and  workmen,  sixty  hands  are  employed. 
Their  trade  is  of  very  large  proportions,  and  ex- 
tends throughout  the  United  States  and  Canada. 

The  Standard  Soap  and  Chemical  Com- 
pany was  incorporated  in  1885  with  a  paid-in 
capital  of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  vyith  C.  B. 
Wilkinson  as  president  and  A.  Segel  as  general 
manager.  The  works  occupy  the  large  three-story 
brick  building  with  a  front  of  fifty  feet  on  West 
Street  by  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  on  Clinton 
Street.  The  company  manufacture  soaps  of  various 
kinds,  inks  of  several  colors,  washing-blue,  washing- 
powders,  etc.,  etc.,  with  twenty  employees.  Eight 
thousand  cakes  of  soap  are  made  daily.  The  full 
capacity  of  the  establishment  is  twenty  thousand 
cakes  per  day. 

The  Crystal  Glass  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany was  incorporated  in  April,  1886,  with  J.  R. 
Bunge,  president;  P.  Strang,  treasurer  ;  and  A.  C. 
Lamar,  secretary.  The  glass  works  are  located 
on  Front  Street,  below  Kaighn  Avenue,  and  in- 
clude six  buildings,  two  of  iron  and  four  of  frame, 
which  have  recently  been  fitted  up  with  all  the 
latest  improved  machinery  requisite  for  the  busi- 
ness. The  main  factory  is  frame,  seventy-eight  by 
eighty-eight  feet,  and  forty  feet  high,  and  has  in 
position  one  large  stack  and  twelve  smaller  ones, 
with  facilities  for  the  employment  of  one  hundred 
workmen.  In  the  other  buildings  are  the  mixing, 
grinding,  box-making  and  packing  departments; 
also  the  pot-making  room  and  engine  house.  At 
these  works  are  made  wine,  beer,  Weiss  beer, 
porter  and  mineral  water  bottles,  pickle  jars  and 
various  kinds  of  green  and  amber  bottles ;  also 
flasks  and  demijohns.  This  firm  makes  bottles  in 
private  moulds  for  the  trade  in  the  New  England 
and  adjacent  States.  The  business  is  transacted 
through  the  main  ofiice.  No.  9J  Market  Street, 
Camden . 

This  is  the  only  glass  manufactory  in  Camden 
at  this  date  (1886).  There  were  two  glass  works 
conducted  formerly  in  the  city,  one  by  John  Cape- 
well,  on  Kaighn  Avenue,  corner  of  Locust  Street, 
in  which  flint  glass-ware  was  made.  It  was  in 
operation  for  several  years,  but  abandoned  when 
the  late  war  opened. 

Joseph  Wharton  also  operated  a  glass  manufac- 
tory on  Coopers  Creek  for  several  years.  His 
works  have  not  been  operated  since  1884.  A.  C. 
Lamar,  the  secretary  of  the  Crystal  Glass  Manufac- 
turing Company,  is  also  a  manufacturer  of  window- 
glass,  having  two  factories  at  Woodbury,  N.  J., 
with  a  capacity  for  producing  sixteen  hundred 
boxes  of  window-glass  per  week,  and  employing 
one  hundred  and  fifty  workmen. 


Porcelain  Tooth  Manufactory,  at  No.  314 
Mickle  Street,  is  the  only  industry  of  its  kind  in 
Camden,  and  was  originated  and  has  been  in  con- 
stant operation  for  fifty-two  years.  In  1834  Sam- 
uel W.  Neall  built  a  three-story  brick  building 
for  this  purpose  in  the  rear  of  his  dwelling.  In 
1866  his  son,  Daniel  W.  Neall,  was  admitted  as  a 
partner,  and,  in  1882,  the  latter  purchased  the 
entire  business  interests  of  his  father,  and  has 
since  conducted  the  manufacture  of  artificial 
teeth  from  porcelain  for  the  trade.  The  products 
are  in  demand  from  the  principal  cities  of  the 
United  States,  and  are  shipped  in  large  quantities 
to  these  localities.  Fifteen  workmen  are  employed, 
and  one  thousand  five  hundred  full  sets  of  teeth 
are  made  weekly.  The  establishment  is  supplied 
with  machinery,  mills,  moulds,  ovens  and  retorts 
requisite  for  the  business. 

The  Hat  Factory  of  Stephen  Titus  was 
established  in  1885  at  No.  316  Market  Street,  the 
store  having  a  front  of  twenty-one  feet,  and  ex- 
tending to  the  work-shop  in  the  rear,  one  hundred 
and  fifty  feet,  having  also  a  front  on  Taylor  Ave- 
nue. Silk  and  stiff  hats,  also  the  new  style  of 
pull-over  hat,  with  patent  seamless  body,  of  which 
Mr.  Titus  is  the  sole  proprietor  and  manufac- 
turer, are  made  here. 

Blank  and  Printed  Book  Bindery.— This 
business  was  first  established  in  Camden  by  Jacob 
Bender,  in  1850,  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Third 
and  Arch  Streets.  In  1856  the  location  was 
changed  to  No.  223  Federal  Street,  when  the  entire 
business  was  sold  out  to  his  son,  Robert  S.  Bender, 
who  continued  in  this  place  until  April,  1885.  The 
bindery  was  then  removed  to  No.  101  Market 
Street.  Job  binding  and  printed  matter  of  all  de- 
scriptions is  executed,  and  the  bindery  is  most 
complete  in  the  necessary  machinery  for  the  pur- 
pose. A  Davey  safety  engine  and  boiler  fur- 
nishes the  motive-power  for  the  folders,  stitchers, 
cutters,  stamping  presses,  etc.  Five  workmen, 
five  girls  and  five  boys  are  employed. 

Baymore's  Mast  and  Spar- Yards.— There 
are  two  large  spar-yards,  in  Camden,  with  ample 
buildings  conveniently  arranged  and  fitted  for  the 
manufacture  of  outfits  for  all  grades  of  sailing 
vessels,  and  in  which  spars  are  made  from  twenty 
to  one  hundred  and  ten  feet  in  length  and  twenty- 
eight  inches  in  diameter.  The  logs  from  which  these 
spars  are  made  are  brought  from  California  and 
Oregon  in  sailing  vessels,  specially  designed  for 
loading  and  shipping  the  same.  From  the  vessels 
the  logs  are  transferred  to  the  booms  at  the  foot  Of 
the  spar-yards  and  are  drawn  from  the  water  as 
desired. 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


531 


These  yards  were  opened  by  Joseph  Baymore,  who 
first  commenced  the  business  at  the  foot  of  Ann 
Street,  Port  Richmond,  and  in  1868  established 
the  yard  at  the  foot  of  North  Street.  The  build- 
ing is  one  hundred  and  ten  feet  front  on  Beach 
Street,  and  extends  to  the  rear  to  the  riparian  line, 
occupying  five  acres  of  ground.  On  April  23, 
1871,  this  yard  was  burned  down,  but  was  at  once 
rebuilt  and  improved.  A  complete  record  is 
made  of  all  spars  furnished  for  outfits,  so  that  when 
desired,  exact  duplicates  can  be  made  and  for- 
warded to  all  ports  in  the  United  States.  This 
yard  has  ten  workmen,  under  the  direction  of 
Enos  Bowen,  as  foreman.  The  spar-yard,  on 
Front  Street  above  Kaighn  Avenue,  at  the  lower 
portion  of  the  city,  was  built  by  Joseph  Baymore 
in  1883,  and  is  forty  feet  wide  on  Front  Street,  and 
one  hundred  and  eighty-five  feet  in  depth.  This 
yard,  also,  is  fully  fitted  for  all  branches  of  the 
business;  ten  workmen  are  employed,  with  George 
J.  Harris  as  foreman.  Vessels  in  different  ports 
of  the  country  are  supplied  with  spars  of  any  size 
and  properly  fitted  for  ready  adjustment;  all  busi- 
ness is  transacted  through  the  office  of  Joseph 
Baymore,  No.  118  North  Delaware  Avenue,  Phila- 
delphia. 

The  Spak-Yard  on  Penn  Street,  corner  of 
Point  Street,  covers  an  area  of  three  acres,  having 
a  front  of  thirty  feet,  and  extending  six  hundred 
feet  to  the  rear  to  the  port  warden  line,  and  was 
started,  in  1879,  by  George  Humes.  For  thirty- 
five  years  previously  he  had  conducted  the  busi- 
ness of  a  spar-maker  in  Philadelphia,  and  the 
many  advantages  offered  in  Camden  for  his  busi- 
ness induced  him  to  remove  his  industry  to  the 
present  location. 

The  yard  is  arranged  for  the  construction  of 
spars  of  various  sizes  for  steam  vessels  and  sailing 
vessels,  and  also  derricks,  flag-poles  and  staffs,  etc. 
A  large  boom  is  connected  with  the  yard,  which  has 
a  capacity  for  guarding  a  supply  of  spar-logs. 

The  Large  Boat  Shops  on  the  river,  at  the 
head  of  Point  Street,  were  established,  in  1879,  by 
the  present  proprietor,  James  A.  Collins.  The 
shops  have  a  frontage  of  forty-seven  feet,  and  ex- 
tend to  the  dock  in  the  river  one  hundred  and 
sixty  feet,  and  the  equipment  of  the  shops  has 
been  especially  adapted  for  the  construction  of 
sailing  and  steam  yachts,  of  which  a  large  number 
have  been  built  in  the  past  four  years.  Yawl  and 
row-boats  are  also  built  at  these  shops,  which,  by 
being  under  cover,  are  in  operation  the  entire  year. 
The  business  is  large  and  is  increasing,  and  boats 
of  all  kin(is  are  built,  not  only  for  home  trade,  but 
for   many    of  the    Southern    ports.       From  six 


to  twelve  men  are  employed  in  the  shops.  A  large 
business  is  also  done  in  repairing  and  refitting,  the 
different  branches  of  the  business  being  all  con- 
ducted Tinder  one  roof. 

The  Boat-Shop  at  Coopers  Point  was  started 
in  1876  by  George  W.  Masters,  who  had  for  years 
previously  conducted  the  same  business  in  Phila- 
delphia, at  Delaware  Avenue  and  Shackamaxon 
Street.  This  yard  is  one-half  acre  in  area,  and 
fitted  up  for  the  construction  of  ships,  boats,  sail- 
ing and  steam  yachts,  fishing,  rowing  and  pleasure 
boats  of  various  kinds.  Within  the  past  twenty 
years  the  proprietor  has  built  a  large  number  of 
yachts  and  boats. 

The  Boat-Yard,  Front  Street  above 
Kaighn  Avenue. — The  increasing  demand  for 
pleasure  boats,  especially  sailing  and  steam  yachts, 
has  given  a  remunerative  industry  to  Camden,  and 
the  builders  of  this  class  of  boats  now  furnish  em- 
ployment to  a  large  number  of  workmen,  and  are 
thus  enabled  to  meet  the  demands  from  all  por- 
tions of  the  river  line.  This  boat-yard  was  started 
in  1885  by  William  H.  Kaighn,  and  has  been  suc- 
cessfully operated  by  him.  A  large  number  of  gun- 
ning-skiffs, and  rowing  and  sailing  boats  have  been 
constructed  by  the  proprietor,  and  find  ready  sale 
to  the  proprietors  of  pleasure  resorts  in  different 
parts  of  the  adjacent  States. 

The  Penn  Mantel- Works,  at  No.  16  Market 
Street,  were  started  in  1879  by  Edmund  Cotter, 
who  had  been  identified  for  twenty  years  previously 
with  mantel-works  in  several  Northern  States. 
The  buildings,  of  which  there  are  three,  extend  two 
hundred  feet  in  depth,  and  occupy  grounds  on 
both  sides  of  George  Street.  The  main  building  is 
fitted  up  with  marbleizing  department,  large  show- 
rooms, office,  etc.,  while  the  back  buildings  are 
devoted  to  cutting  and  preparing  the  slate  for  the 
finishing  process.  The  products  comprise  marble- 
ized  slate  mantels,  wainscoting,  slate  hearths, 
bracket  shelves,  bureau  and  table-tops,  and  various 
kinds  of  slate  work,  for  the  trade,  builders,  etc. 
Twenty-five  workmen  are  constantly  employed. 

Camden  City  Marble- Works,  Junction  of 
Federal  and  Arch  Streets. — This  enterprise 
has  been  in  operation  since  1867,  when  Webster 
Krips  and  William  H.  Shearman  fitted  up  work- 
shops and  sheds  on  both  sides  of  Arch  Street  for 
the  preparation  of  monument,  mantel  and  house- 
work. The  yards  and  work-shops  cover  over  an 
acre  of  ground,  and  a  large  stock  of  marble  and 
granite  monuments,  headstones,  cemetery  posts, 
etc.,  are  kept  on  hand.  From  six  to  ten  workmen 
are  employed.  The  trade  is  large,  though  princi- 
pally local.     Webster  Krips  has  been  the  sole 


532 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NP:W  JERSEY. 


proprietor  since  1879,  at  whiu.li  time  he  bought 
the  interest  of  William  H.  Shearman. 

The  Marble,  (teanite  and  Sand,stone- 
WoRKS  at  the  corner  of  Eighth  and  Market 
Streets  were  established  in  1881  by  Michael  0. 
Lyons,  who  for  thirteen  years  before  owned  the 
marble-works  at  the  corner  of  Fifth  and  Pearl 
Streets.  This  enterprise  includes  office,  work- 
shops, and  a  show  yard,  one  hundred  by  forty 
feet  in  dimensions,  and  is  adapted  to  the  produc- 
tion of  monuments,  mantels,  cemetery  work  and 
house  trimmings,  in  marble,  granite,  sandstone, 
etc.  From  nine  to  fifteen  men  are  employed.  A 
variety  of  manufactured  marble  designs  is  shown 
at  these  works. 

The  first  carriage-maker  in  Camden  was  Samuel 
Scull,  who  was  engaged  in  the  busines.s  in  1800,  on 
Front  Street  above  Market,  near  where  Collings' 
carriage  factory  now  stands.  Twenty  years  later 
he  built  a  large  factory  on  the  north  side  of  Arch 
Street,  extending  from  Front  nearly  to  Second. 
His  works  included  a  paint  shop,  blacksmith  shop, 
and  all  the  appliances  belonging  to  the  business. 
Beginning  with  three  journeymen,  he  eventually 
employed  between  twenty  and  thirty,  and  his  car- 
riages were  shipped  to  the  West  Indies  and  other 
distant  markets  as  well  as  sold  to  the  local  trade. 
On  his  death,  Isaac  Cole,  who  had  long  worked  for 
him,  conducted  the  business  for  the  widow,  and 
eventually  became  the  proprietor,  and  carried  on 
the  business  for  many  years.  Mr.  Scull  had  two 
sons,  Joseph  and  Samuel,  both  of  whom  engaged 
in  the  sausage  business  in  the  South  Ward.  The 
former  built  the  brick  house  on  the  southeast  cor- 
ner of  Third  and  Kaighn  Avenue,  and  the  latter, 
who  was  Mayor  in  18.55,  built  the  large  three  story 
brick  house  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Locust  and 
Kaighn  Avenue. 

Isaac  Vansciver  learned  his  trade,  carriage  mak- 
ing, in  Mount  Holly,  and  when  free  came  to  Cam- 
den. After  a  campaign  with  the  Camden  Blues,  in 
the  War  of  1812,  he  settled  at  Kalglins  Point, 
where  .loseph  Kaighn  gave  him  encouragement, 
and  he  started  a  carriage  factory,  subsequently  re- 
moving liis  works  to  Dogwoodtown,  on  or  near  the 
site  of  Catfrey's  carriage  works.  He  afterwards 
erected  a,  large  factory  on  (he  west  side  of  Front 
Street,  above  Arch,  where  he  was  burned  out.  He 
transferred  his  business  to  Philadelphia  for  a  time, 
but  returned  to  (Jaradcn  and  resumed  work  at  his 
old  place  on  Front  Street,  where  lie  continued  un- 
til a  few  years  before  the  War  of  the  Rebellion, 
when  he  retired  from  business.  In  his  long  and 
busy  life  he  gave  employment  to   many  persons, 


and  the  product  of  his  factories  found  sales  in  dis- 
tant markets. 

Samuel  Glover  had  a  carriage  factory  on  Front 
Street  above  Market,  after  Samuel  Scull  left  there, 
and  was  succeeded  by  Jacob  Collings,  whose  sons, 
Thomas  S.  and  Joseph  Z.  Collings,  continued  the 
business  and  enlarged  it,  the  latter  being  now  the 
proprietor. 

Caffrey's  Carriage  BIanufactoey  is  at 
Market  and  Tenth  Streets.  The  buildings'  were 
erected  and  the  business  originated  in  1853,  and  for 
many  years  was  conducted  by  Charles  S.  CafFrey 
individually.  In  1879  the  CharlesS.  Caflfrey  Com- 
pany was  organized,  with  a  paid-in  capital  of 
sixty-three  thousand  dollars.  An  extensive  busi- 
ness is  done  here  and  the  trade  extends  throughout 
the  United  States  and  in  Great  Britain,  France 
and  Russia.  The  main  building  occupied  is  three 
stories  high,  and  one  hundred  by  one  hundred  and 
eight  feet  in  dimensions.  It  was  specially  con- 
structed for  this  business  after  the  former  building 
was  destroyed  by  fire,  in  1877,  and  is  supplied  with 
all  the  conveniences  for  the  manufacture  of  fine 
carriages  of  numerous  styles.  Facilities  are  af- 
forded at  this  factory  for  producing  finished  work 
to  the  value  of  three  hundred  thousand  dollars 
annually.  The  company  make  fine  carriages, 
top  and  no-top  buggies,  end-spring  and  side-bar 
buggies,  two  and  three-spring  phaetons,  jump-seat 
and  side-bar  rockaways,  broughams,  laundalettes, 
and  make  a  specialty  of  the  Caffrey  track  wagon 
and  sulky,  for  which  they  control  two  patents.  The 
officers  of  the  company  are :  President,  Charles  S. 
Cafl'rey;  Treasurer,  Harry  Stiles  ;  Secretary,  Ed- 
ward Nieland.  The  directors  are  Charles  8.  Caf- 
frey, Andrew  Marshall,  (leorge  K.  CafFrey,  John 
Stiles,  J.  H.  Caffrey  and  Harry  Stiles. 

The  Carriage  MANUFAfrroRY,  Nos.  108  to 
1  l(i  North  Front  Street,  was  established  in  1827 
by  Collings  &  Richardson.  In  1829  the  partner- 
ship was  dissolved,  and  Jacob  S.  Collings  leased  a 
lot  of  ground  on  Federal  Street,  below  Second 
Street,  and  built  thereon  a  large  frame  carriage 
factory,  which  he  conducted  until  1845,  when  he 
purchased  the  lot  at  present  location  (and  where 
he  had  first  started  business),  one  hundred  and 
twenty  feet  front  by  one  hundred  and  seventy  feet 
in  depth,  on  which  ho  erected  five  brick  buildings. 
The  main  factory  is  four  stories  high  and  fifty-six 
feet  square,  back  buildings  three  stories  high  and 
forty  by  eighty  feet,  and  the  smith-shop  twenty  by 
one  hundred  feet,  in  all  of  which  are  the  wood- 
work, smith-work,  painting,  trimming,  finishing, 
etc.,  of  fine  family  carriages.     The  salesroom  was 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


533 


first  established  in  Philadelphia,  in  1859,  and  is 
now  located  in  their  large  warehouse,  No.  625 
Arch  Street.  On  April  25,  1862,  Mr.  Collings  was 
succeeded  by  his  two  sons,  Thomas  S.  and  Joseph 
Z.  Collings,  who  conducted  the  business  as  Col- 
lings  Brothers  until  1877,  when  Thomas  S.  sold 
out  his  interest  to  Joseph  Z.  Collings,  who  is  now 
the  sole  proprietor. 

William  Hunt's  Caeeiage  Factoey,  located 
at  Nos.  19  and  21  Market  Street,  was  erected  upon 
the  site  of  a  small  one-story  structure  built  as  a 
carriage  factory  in  1866  by  the  present  proprietor 
William  Hunt.  The  present  factory  is  a  three-story 
brick  building,  forty  by  ninety  feet,  and  especially 
designed  for  the  manufacture  of  light  road  car- 
riages, and  as  a  specialty  the  construction  of  light 
road  sleighs  and  cutters.  The  entire  work,  includ- 
ing the  wood-work,  painting,  trimming,  finishing 
and  carriage-smithing,  is  all  done  on  the  premises. 
Twenty  workmen  are  employed.  The  salesrooms 
are  at  No.  910  Arch  Street,  Philadelphia.  The 
trade  extends  over  a  large  tract  of  country. 

Elijah  E.  West's  Caeeiage  and  Wagon 
Manufactoey,  No.  29  Haddon  Avenue. — This 
establishment  occupies  the  site  of  a  large  manufac- 
tory formerly  operated  by  the  Charles  Caffrey 
Carriage  Manufacturing  Company,  which  was 
destroyed  by  fire.  After  it  was  rebuilt  Hosea 
Madden  first  occupied  and  operated  it.  It  was 
also  leased  to  Young  &  Ireland,  and  later  to  Strat- 
ford, Dockerty  &  Sidesinger.  In  1881  the  present 
proprietor,  with  his  son  Thomas,  leased  the  works, 
and  conducted  them  under  the  name  of  E.  E. 
West  &  Son.  In  1884,  by  the  withdrawal  of  the 
son  from  the  firm,  the  business  was  and  has  since 
been  under  the  direction  of  Elijah  E.  West  alone. 
A  large  carriage  smith-shop  is  connected  with  the 
works,  and  seven  workmen  are  employed  in  the 
construction  of  carriages,  business  and  farm  wagons 
of  all  descriptions. 

The  Caeeiage  and  Wagon  Woeks,  and 
smith-shop,  of  Hamilton  S.  Davis  are  located  at  the 
northwest  corner  of  Kaighn  Avenue  and  Marion 
Street.  In  1872  Mr.  Davis  bought  this  corner  lot, 
sixty  by  seventy-two  feet  in  size,  and  built  the 
shops  the  same  year,  and  has  since  conducted  the 
entire  business.  Light  carriages  are  manufactured, 
but  the  principal  trade  is  in  milk,  ice  and  heavy 
business  wagons,  as  also  farm  wagons,  carts,  etc. 

The  Caeeiage  and  Wagon  Manufactoey, 
Nos.  15  and  17  Market  Street,  was  first  started  in 
1860  by  William  Butler.  In  1865  he  sold  out  the 
business  and  location  to  Braker  &  Eettberg,  and 
in  1868  Braker  sold  out  his  interest  to  the  present 
64 


proprietor,  Jacob  Rettberg.  The  manufactory  has 
a  frontage  of  twenty-eight  feet  by  one  hundred 
feet  in  depth.  Business  wagons  of  all  descriptions 
are  made  and  repaired.  Ten  to  twelve  workmen 
are  employed. 

Silvee-Platees. — The  carriage  factories  gave 
employment  to  many  silver-platers,  some  working 
for  the  manufacturers  and  others  carrying  on  busi- 
ness for  themselves,  and  giving  employment  to 
others.  Gordon  states  that  there  was  a  gold  and 
silver-plater  here  in  1833,  but  the  first  establish- 
ment of  which  there  is  authentic  record  was  that 
of  Gibson  &  Morgan— Henry  Gibson  and  John 
Morgan — the  latter  mayor  in  1876-77.  Their  works, 
started  in  1841,  were  over  the  wagon-sheds  built 
by  Jacob  Eidgway,  in  1832,  at  Second  and  Arch. 
Gibson  left  the  firm,  and  in  1845  Morgan  removed 
the  factory  to  a  stable,  fitted  up  for  the  purpose, 
on  the  rear  end  of  a  lot  on  Fourth  Street,  above 
Market,  afterwards  erecting  a  large  brick  building 
on  the  line  of  Fourth  Street,  since  converted  into 
dwellings. 

Among  his  workmen  were  his  brother,  George 
Morgan,  now  in  the  business  at  52  North  Second  ; 
Edward  Fitzer,  now  in  the  same  trade  in  Phila- 
delphia; George  Welden,  Charles  Newmayer  and 
others.  The  work  was  for  volantes,  used  in  Cuba, 
and  the  trade  was  exclusively  with  that  island. 
As  the  correspondence  was  in  Spanish,  Newmayer, 
who  from  journeyman  became  manager  and  then 
partner,  learned  the  language,  to  avoid  the  need 
of  an  interpreter.  The  firm  employed  as  many 
as  thirty  at  one  time,  and  the  employes  testify 
that  there  was  never  a  murmur  about  wages,  even 
the  apprentices  receiving  full  pay  for  overwork, 
and  the  payments  were  not  only  prompt,  but  made 
in  the  best  currency.  The  Rebellion  put  a  stop  to 
the  trade,  and  the  firm,  dividing  a  competency, 
dissolved. 

Edward  Fitzer  and  George  Morgan  joined  in 
business  in  the  "  fifties,"  with  their  establishment 
on  Market  Street,  the  site  of  Herbst's  Hotel,  but 
in  a  few  years  separated. 

Michael  Seibenlist  was  a  well-known  silver-plater 
as  early  as  1840,  but  the  most  of  his  work  was  for 
Camden  harness  and  carriage-makers. 

The  Moeocco  Manufactoey  on  Broadway, 
below  Kaighn  Avenue,  was  first  put  in^o  operation 
in  1884  by  the  present  enterprising  proprietor, 
Frederick  Kiiferly,  who  for  seventeen  years  previ- 
ously had  been  engaged  in  the  same  business  in 
Philadelphia.  Eight  acres  of  land  are  owned  by  Mr. 
Kifferly,  on  which  he  has  erected  a  four-story  brick 
building,  one  hundred  and  twenty-two  by  forty-six 


534 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


feet,  with  basement,  and  two  four-story  side-wings, 
each  fifty-two  by  twenty  feet,  in  which  is  a  twenty 
horse-power  engine  for  driving  the  machinery.  In 
this  establishment  he  manufactures  morocco  leath- 
er from  goat-skins,  which  are  imported  from  South 
America,  Mexico,  East  Indies,  Cape  of  Good  Hope 
and  the  countries  of  Southern  Europe.  There  are 
four  large  drying  lofts,  and  various  dyeing,  tanning, 
finishing  and  storage-rooms.  Four  hundred  dozen 
skins  are  tanned  and  finished  weekly  by  a  force  of 
seventy-five  workmen.  The  business  is  under  the 
skillful  and  experienced  management  of  the  pro- 
prietor, Mr.  Kiff'erly. 

Frederick  Kifferly,  the  proprietor  of  this  enter- 
prise, was  born  in  the  kingdom  of  Wiirtemberg, 
Germany,  September  9,  1835.  After  attending 
school  for  two  years  in  his  native  country,  in  1844 
he  emigrated  with  his  parents  to  America,  and 
located  in  Philadelphia,  in  which  city  his  father 
died  one  year  after  their  arrival,  and  the  son  was 
thrown  upon  his  own  resources.  Being  by  nature 
industrious,  he  engaged  with  his  uncle  at  the 
butcher's  trade  one  year,  for  the  same  length  of 
time  with  a  baker,  and  after  the  second  marriage 
of  his  mother,  to  a  baker,  he  became  the  employee 
of  his  stepfather  during  four  successive  years.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  entered  the  morocco  factory 
of  Baker  &  Nevil,  at  Front  and  Poplar  Streets, 
Philadelphia,  remaining  two  years,  and  then,  in 
1853,  went  to  Wilmington,  Del.,  and  engaged  with 
Hackett  &  Griffin,  morocco  manufacturers,  until 
1859.  The  seven  succeeding  years  he  conducted  a 
bakery  on  York  Street,  Philadelphia.  In  1867  he 
embarked  in  the  manufacture  of  morocco  leather, 
as  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Turner  &  Co.,  on  Second 
Street,  below  Beaver.  They  soon  thereafter 
removed  their  factory  to  Front  and  Poplar  Streets, 
and  from  thence,  in  1869,  to  209  Willow  Street. 
Three  years  later  they  purchased  the  morocco  fac- 
tory at  Dillwyn  and  Willow  Streets.  This  part- 
nership continued  until  1883.  In  the  mean  time 
Mr.  Kifferly  had  removed  his  residence  to  Camden, 
in  1881,  and  seeing  the  advantage  to  be  gained  by 
removing  his  business  to  Camden,  he,  in  1884,  sold 
out  his  factory  in  Philadelphia,  having  already 
commenced  the  erection  of  the  present  establish- 
ment operated  by  him. 

Mr.  Kifferly,  in  1854,  married  Mary,  daughter 
of  Jacob  and  Eliza  Martin,  of  Brandy  wine  Hun- 
dred, Del.,  by  whom  he  has  four  surviving  children, 
viz.: — Christopher  E.,  George,  Frederick  and 
Harry. 

Shoe  Manufacturers.— In  the  manufacture 
of  shoes  for  the  trade  supplying  the  Middle  and 
Southern  States  the  city  of  Camden  has  acquired 


a  favorable  reputation.  A  large  amount  of  money 
is  invested,  and  nearly  a  thousand  of  the  citizens 
of  Camden  have  constant  employment  in  this 
branch  of  industry.  Some  of  the  large  establish- 
ments, with  the  appliances  of  steam-power  as  a 
motor,  and  with  improved  machinery,  have  facili- 
ties for  producing  from  six  hundred  to  three  thou- 
sand pairs  of  shoes  weekly.  In  some  of  the 
smaller  establishments,  known  as  "buckeye  fac- 
tories," the  work  is  performed  by  teams  or  double 
teams  of  workmen,  the  shoes  passing  from  hand  to 
hand  as  they  leave  the  laster,  and,  at  the  end  of 
the  line,  pass  the  inspection  of  the  foreman  com- 
plete in  finish.  The  production  is  rapid,  as  only 
two  or  three  kinds  of  goods  are  made  and  find 
ready  sale  to  their  customers. 

H.  B.  Anthony  owns  one  of  the  largest  shoe 
factories,  at  521  South  Seventh  Street.  Paul 
Anthony  came  from  Germany  to  this  country 
more  than  a  century  ago.  He  was  a  hatter 
and  located  at  Rahway,  N.  J.,  for  a  short 
time,  and  then  removed  to  Northumberland, 
Pa.,  where  he  resided  until  his  death.  By  his 
marriage  with  Elizabeth  Van  Buskirk  he  had 
five  children, — John,  Phillip,  Esther,  Ann  and 
Elizabeth,  who  married  and  settled  in  Northum- 
berland and  assisted  him  in  his  manufacturing  in- 
terests, excepting  John,  who  migrated  to  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  and  Phillip,  who  became  a  river  pilot. 
Phillip  was  married  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  Isaiah 
McCoy,  of  Cumberland,  by  whom  he  had  seven 
children, — Sarah,  Paul,  William  (who  died  in  in- 
fancy), Thomas,  George,  Mary  and  Henry. 

George  Anthony  was  born  in  Northumberland 
August  18,  1824,  and  lived  there  until  1840,  when 
he  went  to  Milton,  Pa.,  to  learn  harness-making. 
After  finishing  his  apprenticeship  he  removed  to 
Camden,  in  1854,  and  worked  at  his  trade  in  Phil- 
adelphia until  1881.  On  December  27,  1847,  he 
was  married  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  Diedrick  and 
Catherine  Fegenbush,  of  Philadelphia,  by  whom 
he  has  seven  children,— Charles  D.,  Harry  B., 
Kate  F.,  Paul  (deceased),  William  E.,  Edwin  T. 
and  George  E. 

Harry  B.  Anthony  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
September  27,  1849,  and  came  to  Camden  with  his 
father  in  1854.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools.  At  the  age  of  thirteen  he  entered  the 
National  Iron  Armor  and  Ship-Building  Com- 
pany's works,  of  Camden,  and  continued  thus  em- 
ployed for  two  years,  when  he  again  went  to 
school,  until  he  took  a  position  with  the  firm  of 
Edmund  A.  Souder  &  Co.,  of  Philadelphia,  who 
controlled  the  steamers  on  the  Schuylkill,  and 
which  was  afterward   the   Fairmount  Steamboat 


'<->^e^LA  ^f  ^^^^^^^^:^^ 


/ 


^y^^y^  t^'^^  -^ 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


535 


Compan)'.  He  rose  from  the  position  of  ticket 
agent  to  that  of  superintendent  and  treasurer  of 
the  company,  was  the  first  to  introduce  propellers 
from  the  Falls  to  the  Wissahickon,  remained  with 
the  company  for  twenty  years  and  is  still  a  di- 
rector. This  occupied  only  the  summer  months, 
and  during  the  winter  he  learned  the  trade  of  fur- 
niture finisher  with  E.  D.  Trymby  &  Co.,  of 
Philadelphia,  where  he  was  employed  for  ten 
years  during  the  winter  months.  In  1872  he 
opened  at  1140  Broadway  a  crockery  store,  and 
after  building  up  a  large  business,  transferred  it  to 
his  father,  in  1876,  who  still  manages  it.  Mr.  An- 
thony began  the  manufacture  of  shoes  in  a  small 
way,  building  a  factory  on  Kaighn  Avenue,  above 
Broadway,  doing  nothing  but  hand  work.  His 
business  grew  so  rapidly  as  to  demand  increased 
facilities,  and  in  1881  he  purchased  the  building 
521  South  Seventh  Street,  and  placed  in  it  a  full 
line  of  the  most  improved  machinery  for  the  man- 
ufacture of  misses'  and  children's  machine-sewed 
shoes,  where  he  is  now  making  four  thousand  pairs 
of  shoes  a  week,  and  employingone  hundred  hands, 
thus  giving  Camden  a  profitable  and  successful 
business  and  adding  to  her  improvement  and  pros- 
perity. The  property  purchased  by  Mr.  Anthony 
was  sixty  by  one  hundred  and  ninety-three  feet  in 
area,  and  a  brick  building  forty  by  fifty  feet  had 
already  been  erected  upon  it.  Shortly  after,  through 
the  increase  of  business,  he  was  compelled  to 
make  important  additions  to  the  factory, — one 
addition  of  brick,  thirty-five  by  forty  feet,  and  a 
general  improvement  of  the  factory  and  purchase 
of  additional  and  improved  machinery.  The  fac- 
tory is  heated  by  steam  throughout,  with  high 
ceilings  and  ample  arrangements  for  ventilation. 
The  location  is  a  most  desirable  one,  being  on  the 
line  of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  affording  good 
facilities  for  receiving  coal,  etc.  The  factory  is 
supplied  with  two  large  boilers,  one  for  heating 
purposes,  the  other  as  a  motive-power  for  the 
different  and  varied  machinery  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  their  products,  with  ample  power  for  all 
purposes. 

In  addition  to  Mr.  Anthony  now  employing  one 
hundred  hands  and  making  four  thousand  pairs  of 
machine-sewed  shoes  per  week,  he  is  making  active 
preparations  to  increase  the  capacity  of  this  manu- 
factory to  seven  thousand  pairs  per  week,  by  an  addi- 
tion of  a  fine  line  of  hand-sewed  turn  shoes.  The 
business,  as  conducted  by  Mr.  Anthony,  is  of  large 
proportions,  extending  west  to  the  Pacific  States, 
south  to  Texas  and  northwest  to  Minnesota.  Mr. 
Anthony  is  a  director  in  the  Camden  National 
Bank.    In  1869  he  was  married  to  Louisa,  daugh- 


ter of  Arthur  G.  and  Jane  Ashley,  of  England, 
who  died  in  1879,  leaving  one  daughter,  Laura  S. 
On  January  7,  1881,  he  was  married  to  Lucretia, 
daughter  of  Evan  and  Ann  Thomas,  who  were  na- 
tives of  Wales,  but  then  residing  near  Scranton, 
Pa.  They  have  one  child, — Walter  Y.,  born  No- 
vember 23,  1881. 

Ferris'  Shoe  Manufactory,  at  Broadway  and 
Jackson  Streets,  is  one  of  the  most  extensive  of 
the  business  industries  of  South  Camden.  The 
manager  of  this  enterprise,  Isaac  Ferris,  Jr.,  pur- 
chased, in  187r),  a  lot  of  ground  at  Fillmore  and 
Van  Hook  Streets,  and  erected  a  small  store,  in 
which  he  commenced  the  shoe  business  with  three 
men  and  two  girls  employed.  His  sales  to  the 
wholesale  trade  increasing  compelled  him  to  fa- 
cilitate the  manufacture.  More  ground  was 
bought  and  a  larger  store  was  built.  In  1881  he 
purchased  land  at  Broadway  and  Jackson  Streets, 
and  built  a  manufactory  forty  by  forty  feet  and 
two  stories  high,  engaged  extra  hands,  and  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  of  all  grades  of  ladies', 
misses'  and  children's  shoes  on  a  large  scale. 
Agents  were  placed  on  the  road  and  orders  re- 
ceived from  many  of  the  Southern  and  Western 
States,  and,  in  1882,  an  extension  of  twenty  feet 
was  added  to  the  building,  which  was  found  too 
limited  in  space  for  rapid  production.  At  the 
present  time  he  has  over  seventy  men,  girls  and 
boys  on  his  pay-roll,  and  a  ready  market  for  his 
goods  in  Nebraska,  Iowa,  Illinois,  Missouri,  Ohio, 
Pennsylvania,  West  Virginia,  Indiana,  Kentucky 
and  California,  his  special  States  being  Ohio  and 
Pennsylvania.  Four  salesmen  are  constantly  on 
the  road  to  keep  the  trade  supplied.  The  entire 
management  is  under  the  supervision  of  Isaac 
Ferris,  Jr.,  the  proprietor.  In  the  finishing  de- 
partment forty  hands  are  employed,  under  the  care 
of  Jacob  Ferris.  Miss  DoUie  Ferris  has  charge  of 
the  fitting  department,  and  Washington  Ferris  of 
the  stock  department. 

F.  P.  Dietrick  &  Co.,  in  1881,  began  the  manu- 
facture of  women's,  misses,'  children's  and  infants' 
shoes,  and  erected  a  three-story  brick  building,  fifty 
by  one  hundred  feet  in  dimensions  for  that  purpose, 
on  Market  Street,  below  Frout,  and  fitted  it  up 
with  new  and  improved  machines  adapted  to  the 
business.  This  firm  has  been  succeeded  by  Wheat- 
ley  Brothers.  From  one  hundred  to  one  hundred 
and  twenty-five  hands  are  employed,  and  the 
weekly  product  is  twenty-five  hundred  pairs  of 
shoes.  The  trade  is  large,  and  extends  through 
several  of  the  Northern  and  Southern  States. 

The  Shoe  Manufactory  at  No.  535  Chestnut 
Street. — Thomas  H.  Kelly  conducts  this  manu- 


536 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


factory  for  the  production  of  misses'  and  children's 
shoes.  For  twenty-four  years  he  had  been  con- 
nected with  the  business  in  other  localities,  and  in 
1885  started  this  enterprise  of  which  he  is  sole 
proprietor.  Fourteen  men  and  nine  girls  are 
constantly  employed,  and  two  hundred  and  six- 
teen pairs  of  shoes  are  made  daily ;  the  weekly 
production  will  average  thirteen  hundred  pairs  of 
finished  shoes.  The  products  are  sold  to  the  trade 
in  the  principal  cities  of  the  Middle  and  Southern 
States. 

William  A.  Butcher's  Factory,  at  No. 
1325  Broadway,  was  commenced  in  1880  by  the 
present  proprietor,  who,  for  three  years  pre- 
viously, carried  on  a  factory  on  Kaighn  Ave- 
nue, above  Broadway.  All  the  necessary  and  im- 
proved kinds  of  shoe  machinery  are  used  in  the 
production  of  misses'  and  children's  shoes  of  the 
different  styles  and  grades.  From  twenty-five  to 
thirty  workmen  are  employed,  and  the  product  of 
their  labor  is  sold  to  the  wholesale  and  retail  trade 
throughout  the  surrounding  States.  From  six  to 
eight  hundred  pairs  of  shoes  are  turned  out  weekly, 
and  the  amount  of  business  done  yearly  is  sixteen 
to  eighteen  thousand  dollars.  Mr.  Butcher  is 
now  making  preparations  to  build  a  large  manu- 
factory on  the  site  of  the  present  one. 

Joseph  Whitakee  owns  a  shoe  factory  at  No. 
529  Arch  Street.  The  manufacture  of  ladies',  misses' 
and  children's  fine  shoes  was  begun  in  this  estab- 
lishment in  1882  by  Joseph  Whitaker,  Harley 
Shemeley  and  Henry  Hartley.  In  1883  Joseph 
Whitaker  bought  out  the  interest  of  his  partners 
and  has  become  sole  proprietor.  The  factory  is 
arranged  for  the  convenience  of  three  single  teams 
of  workmen,  with  departments  for  cutting,  lasting, 
and  finishing,  and  with  machines  specially  adapted 
to  this  line  of  work.  Employment  is  furnished  to 
sixteen  men  and  eight  girls.  The  manufactured 
goods  are  sold  to  the  trade  through  Philadelphia 
houses.  Nine  hundred  pairs  of  shoes  are  made 
weekly,  and  the  necessary  changes  are  being  made 
to  increase  the  production  to  one  thousand  pairs 
per  week. 

The  Shoe  Factory  at  No.  1222  South  Front 
Street  was  first  conducted  by  McAdams  &  Peak, 
who,  as  joint  partners,  started  the  manufacture  of 
misses',  children's  and  infants'  shoes  in  1880.  In 
1881  Frank  McAdams  succeeded  to  the  ownership 
of  the  business,  and  still  continues  it  at  present 
location,  his  improved  machinery  enabling  him  to 
manufacture  nine  hundred  pairs  of  shoes  a  week. 
He  employs  fifteen  workmen  and  twelve  girls;  the 
finished  products  are  sold  to  the  wholesale  and 
retail  trade  in  Pennsylvania  and  adjacent  States. 


The  factory  at  the  corner  of  West  and  Clinton 
Streets  was  commenced  in  1883  by  Edward  A. 
Richardson,  and  furnished  with  the  available  im- 
provements in  machinery  requisite  for  the  manu- 
facture of  misses'  and  children's  shoes.  Fifteen 
hundred  pairs  of  shoes  are  made  weekly.  The 
industry  gives  employment  to  forty  persons. 
Orders  are  received  for  the  products  from  all  parts 
of  the  country. 

Charles  S.  Grau  commenced  the  business  of 
shoe  manufacturing  in  1877  at  the  corner  of  Sixth 
and  Mount  Vernon  Streets.  In  1878  he  admitted 
Oliver  S.  Guthrie  as  a  partner,  and  together  they 
conducted  the  manufacture  of  misses'  and  children's 
shoes.  In  January,  1886,  Oliver  S.  Guthrie  with- 
drew from  the  firm,  and  Charles  S.  Grau  became 
sole  proprietor.  Six  hundred  pairs  of  shoes  are 
manufactured  weekly,  and  eleven  men  employed. 
The  products  are  sold  to  the  local  trade  and  to 
cities  of  adjacent  States. 

For  a  number  of  years  an  establishment,  south- 
west corner  of  Front  Street  and  Kaighn  Avenue, 
was  conducted  by  Charles  H.  Dirmitt,  who,  in 
July,  1884,  disposed  of  his  interest,  stock  and 
machinery  to  W.  S.  Boltinghouse  &  Co.  This 
firm  at  once  began  the  manufacture  of  ladies', 
misses'  and  children's  machine-sewed  shoes.  The 
production  amounts  to  six  hundred  pairs  of  finished 
shoes  weekly,  and  gives  constant  employment  to 
fourteen  workmen  and  eight  girls.  Their  goods 
are  sold  to  the  retail  trade  in  New  Jersey  and 
Pennsylvania. 

Oliver  Guthrie  has  a  factory  at  513  Kaighn 
Avenue.  Commenced  in  January,  1886,  to  make 
misses'  and  children's  shoes.  Employs  eight 
workmen  and  five  girls.  Regular  production,  four 
hundred  and  thirty-two  pairs  of  shoes  weekly. 

Horace  Hofilinger  has  a  large  workshop  at  No. 
112  Kaighn  Avenue,  commenced  in  1884.  Em- 
ploys ten  workmen  and  six  girls.  Regular  weekly 
production,  three  hundred  and  sixty  pairs  of  shoes, 
misses'  and  children's. 

William  Small  started  a  factory,  in  1877,  at  No. 
424  Chestnut  Street,  for  making  misses'  and  chil- 
dren's shoes ;  at  present  seven  workmen  and  five 
girls  are  employed.  The  weekly  production  is 
three  hundred  pairs  of  shoes. 

Samuel  Cook,  in  1875,  commenced  the  small 
factory  at  No.  613  Mount  Vernon  Street,  making 
infants'  shoes  only ;  at  the  present  time  but  five 
workmen  employed,  making  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  pairs  of  shoes 
weekly. 

Anderson  Preserving  Company,  northwest 
corner  Front  and  Arch  Streets. — This  company 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


537 


owns  a  large  establishment  occupying  one  hundred 
and  twenty  feet  on  Front  Street  by  two  hundred 
and  sixty  feet  on  Arch  Street,  and  is  located  on  the 
site  of  a  carriage  factory  which  was  built  in  1835. 
In  1880  Abraham  Anderson  bought  the  site,  and 
in  1881  William  G.  Knowles  was  admitted  as  a 
partner.  As  the  firm  of  Knowles  &  Anderson 
they  began  the  erection  of  the  present  factory  and 
placed  in  position  the  necessary  machinery, 
engines,  boilers,  etc.,  for  the  canning  of  fruits, 
vegetables,  preserves  and  jellies.  In  1885  Wm. 
G.  Knowles  withdrew  from  the  firm,  and  on  June 
1st  of  that  year  the  Anderson  Preserving  Company 
was  incorporated,  with  Abraham  Anderson  as 
president,  John  S.  Cox  as  secretary  and  treasurer 
and  L.  W.  Goldy  general  manager.  Under  this 
management  the  same  line  of  goods  are  produced 
in  large  quantities  to  meet  the  demand.  Three 
large  eighty  horse-power  boilers  and  two  engines, 
one  of  twenty  the  other  of  five  horse-power,  are 
used  in  the  different  departments  for  canning, 
preserving  and  running  the  machinery.  At  present 
thirty  hands  are  employed.  During  the  canning 
season,  which  lasts  from  June  to  November,  from 
three  hundred  to  six  hundred  hands  are  employed. 

Joseph  Campbell  &  Co.  own  a  canning  manu- 
factory at  Nos.  39  and  41  North  Second  Street. 
For  several  years  previous  to  1876  the  Anderson 
Canning  Company,  which  was  afterwards  known 
as  Anderson  and  Campbell,  carried  on  the  business 
of  canning  at  this  location.  In  1876  Joseph 
Campbell  bought  the  factory  and  continued  the 
canning  of  fruits  and  vegetables  and  added  the 
jelly  and  preserving  business.  In  1882  Joseph 
Campbell,  Arthur  Dorrance,  Walter  S.  Spaokman, 
and  Joseph  S.  Campbell  formed  a  co-partnership 
under  the  name  of  Joseph  Campbell  &  Company 
and  fitted  up  the  manufactory  with  new  and  im- 
proved appliances  for  conducting  a  more  extensive 
business.  A  large  brick  building,  fifty  feet  front 
on  Second  Street  and  extending  in  depth  the  en- 
tire square  to  Front  Street,  is  occupied,  in 
which  are  the  different  apartments  for  canning, 
preserving,  storing,  packing  and  shipping.  The 
motive-power  to  drive  the  necessary  machinery  of 
these  is  derived  from  a  fifty  horse-power  engine. 
Twenty-five  hands  are  constantly  employed  and 
during  the  canning  season  employment  is  given  to 
three  hundred  hands. 

The  Camden  Wall  Paper  Manufactory 
at  Coopers  Point,  with  accompanying  buildings 
cover  an  area  of  five  acres  or  an  entire  square. 
For  a  number  of  years  the  Penn  Harrow  Manu- 
facturing Company  had  their  works  here.  In 
1884  Francis  T.  Howell  came  into  possession  of  the 


property  and  at  once  placed  in  position  mills, 
presses,  machinery  and  engines,  necessary  for  the 
manufacture  of  wall  paper.  There  are  six  build- 
ings used  for  the  different  departments.  The  mill 
proper  is  three  hundred  by  one  hundred  feet,  with 
an  L  extension  one  hundred  by  ninety  feet.  The 
machinery  comprises'  one  twelve-color  printing 
press,  two  grounding-machines,  mills,  mixers,  com- 
bined lathes,  etc.,  which  are  run  by  two  engines  of 
one  hundred  and  ten  horse-power.  The  depart- 
ments are  known  as  color-rooms,  printing-rooms, 
stock-rooms  and  the  shipping  department.  Twenty 
workmen  are  constantly  employed.  The  manu- 
factured paper  has  very  wide  and  extensive  sale. 
The  weekly  production  is  twenty  thousand  pieces 
of  wall  paper.  The  proprietor  is  now  making  ar- 
rangements to  increase  the  facilities  of  manufacture 
by  the  addition  of  new  presses  and  other  improved 
machines.  The  second  floor  of  the  main  building 
at  present  through  its  entire  length  is  used  as  a 
atock-room  and  contains  a  large  and  varied  supply 
of  the  manufactured  paper  ready  for  shipment. 
The  establishment  is  under  the  care  of  Robert  A. 
Edens  as  general  manager.  He  is  also  the  artist 
in  the  coloring  department. 

The  Feanklin  Eag  Carpet  Company,  No.  18 
Market  Street. — This  business  was  established 
by  John  Hunt  in  1873,  in  St.  John  Street,  for  the 
manufacture  of  the  finer  grades  of  rag-carpet,  in- 
cluding the  Excelsior  and  Jersey  Lily  carpets. 
The  factory  was  afterward  located  at  Fifth  and 
Eoydon  Streets,  then  at  No.  110  Federal  Street, 
and  in  the  year  1886  the  looms  and  machinery 
were  removed  to  the  present  location.  The 
trade  in  these  carpets  is  a  large  one,  but  is  princi- 
pally local,  being  custom-work  made  for  Camden 
and  Burlington  Counties,  in  New  Jersey.  Special 
orders  are  filled  for  customers  in  Pennsylvania, 
Delaware  and  Maryland. 

The  American  Dredging  Company,  incor- 
porated under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, April  9,  1867,  was  the  outcome  from  a  co- 
partnership then  existing  between  A.  B.  Cooley, 
Franklin  B.  Colton,  John  Somers  and  William 
Somers,  trading  as  A.  B.  Cooley  &  Co.,  and  also 
from  a  consolidation  with  the  Delaware  and 
Schuylkill  Dredging  Company.  During  the  time 
of  the  co-partnership,  about  November,  1865, 
a  large  area  of  real  estate  was  purchased,  since 
which  time  a  considerable  amount  more  has  been 
added,  until  now  the  company  owns  forty  acres  of 
land  and  wharf  property,  fronting  on  the  River 
Delaware,  extending  between  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  Company's  property  and  Spruce  Street, 
and  which  has  been  greatly  improved  by  filling  in 


538 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


that  part  of  it  which  was  low  land,  and  converting 
stagnant  pools,  where  chills  and  fever  prevailed, 
into  property  which  is  now  available  for  building 
purposes.  Two  large  wharves  have  also  been 
built,  and  a  large  machine  shop  and  a  blacksmith 
shop  and  other  buildings  have  been  erected  on  the 
property,  fitted  out  with  appliances  so  complete 
that  now  the  company  has  every  facility  for  build- 
ing dredges,  etc.,  and  making  such  repairs  to  their 
own  plant  as  may,  from  time  to  time,  be  needed. 

The  company  employ  from  seventy  to  one  hun- 
dred men  in  and  around  the  works,  and  from  one 
hundred  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  men  on  the 
dredges,  tugs  and  scows,  according  as  their  busi- 
ness is  brisk  or  dull; 

The  company  started  with  a  capital  of  two  hun- 
dred thousand  dollars,  and,  by  certain  legislation 
passed  since,  it  has  been  authorized  to  increase  its 
capital  to  one  million  dollars.  The  general  office 
of  the  company  is  at  234  Walnut  Street,  Philadel- 
phia, and  at  the  present  time  the  officers  are  as 
follows:  Isaac  Albertson,  president;  Floyd  H. 
White,  treasurer  and  secretary.  Directors,  Isaac 
Albertson,  Beauveau  Borie,  Samuel  Castner,  Jr., 
E.  J.  Heraty,  Washington  Jones,  Jos.  M.  JSTaglee, 
Alexander  Purves  and  James  Simpson,  of  Phil- 
adelphia, and  Henry  E.  Towne,  of  Stamford, 
Conn. 

Other  manufactories  which  contributed  to  Cam- 
den's prosperity,  and  which  in  one  sense  belong  to 
and  are  a  part  of  the  city,  are  treated  of  in  the 
chapter  upon  Stockton  township,  in  which  district 
they  are  located.  Among  these  are  Schrack  &  Co.'s 
varnish-works,  the  Fairview  Brick- Works,  the  Pea 
Shore  Brick  and  Terra  Cotta  Works  (owned  by 
Augustus  Reeve),  E.  H.  Comey's  dye-works,  the 
Overbrook  Mills,  J.  L.  Cragin  &  Co.'s  soap  manu- 
factory, the  United  States  Chemical  Co.'s  Works 
and  the  Atlantic  Dye  and  Finishing  Works. 


CHAPTEE     VIII. 

The  P08t-0ffl(!e— Market-Houses— The  Eead  Family— Insurance 
Companies— The  Gaslight  Company— The  Street  Railway— The 
Telephone- Building  and  Building  Associations— Drug  Interests 
— OldMilitaiy  Organizations— Cemeteries— The  Tornado  of  1878 
—The  Cyclone  of  1880— Hotels. 

Post-Office.— A  post-office  was  established  in 
Camden  in  1808,  and  was  called  the  Coopers 
Ferry  Post-Office,  and^  changed,  in  1829,  to  the 
Camden  Post-Office.  It  was  first  located  at  the 
foot  of  Cooper  Street,  where  the  Coopers  had  es- 
tablished a  ferry ;  hence  the  name.    The  first  post- 


master was  Benjamin  B.  Cooper,  a  cousin  of  Rich- 
ard M.  Cooper.  He  removed  to  Delaware  town- 
ship, where  he  planted  extensive  orchards  and 
built  a  distillery.  His  successor,  as  postmaster, 
was  Charles  Cooper,  appointed  in  1806.  Richard 
M.  Cooper,  after  president  of  the  State 
Bank  of  Camden,  was  appointed  postmaster  at  the 
Coopers  Ferry  Post-Office  in  1810,  and  held  the 
office  until  1829,  when  the  name  of  the  office  was 
changed  to  Camden.  Richard  M.  Cooper  owned 
a  store  at  the  ferry,  which  for  many  years  was  in 
charge  of  Nathan  Davis,  who  was  the  acting  post- 
master,— not  a  very  responsible  position,  if  his 
statement  be  correct,  that  "  a  segar-box  was  ample 
to  hold  the  mail  of  a  day." 

Isaac  Toy  was  appointed  iu  1829,  under  Presi- 
dent Jackson,  and  held  the  office  for  nine  years. 
The  office  was  in  the  bar-room  of  the  hotel.  Toy 
then  kept  the  ferry-house  at  the  foot  of  Federal 
Street. 

Isaac  Bullock  became  postmaster  in  1838,  and, 
as  he  boarded  at  the  hotel,  the  office  remained 
there  until  1840,  when  James  Elwell  was  ap- 
pointed and  kept  the  office  in  the  Railroad  Hotel, 
which  he  conducted,  at  the  foot  of  Bridge  Avenue. 
He  was  succeeded,  in  1849,  by  Charles  Bontemps, 
who,  owning  the  building  southeast  corner  of  Sec- 
ond and  Arch  Streets,  fitted  it  up  in  good  style  for 
the  purpose,  thus  giving  the  people  a  post-offloe, 
for  the  first  time,  separate  from  other  business  pur- 
suits. Bontemps  resigned  in  1852,  before  the  ex- 
piration of  his  term,  and  Jonathan  Burr,  a  Demo- 
crat, was  appointed  by  a  Whig  administration,  and 
it  came  about  in  this  way  :  When  the  Democrats 
elected  Franklin  Pierce,  in  1852,  Bontemps  knew 
he  had  no  chance  of  a  reappointment,  and  pro- 
posed to  Mr.  Burr  thai,  if  the  latter  would  pay  him 
fifty  dollars  for  the  fixtures,  he  would  resign  and 
use  his  influence  to  secure  Burr's  appointment  to 
the  place.  The  proposition  was  accepted,  and 
Mr.  Burr  was  made  postmaster,  but  held  the  posi- 
tion four  months  only,  for,  soon  after  Mr.  Pierce 
was  inaugurated,  John  Hanna  was  appointed  and 
Mr.  Burr  had  the  fixtures  on  his  hands.  Mr. 
Hanna's  sons — Samuel  and  William  Hanna— man- 
aged the  office,  which  was  removed  to  the  old  frame 
building  adjoining  Parson's  Hotel  on  the  north, 
and  long  used  by  Denny  &  Bender  as  a  paint-shop. 
Hanna  held  the  office  eight  years,  and  until  1861, 
when  Samuel  Andrews  was  appointed  by  Presi- 
dent Lincoln.  He  removed  the  office  to  No.  214 
Federal  Street,  one  of  the  two-story  bricks  built 
by  Isaac  Cole  in  1834.  Andrews,  dying  in  1863, 
was  succeeded  by  Captain  Richard  H.  Lee,  who 
leased  the  Roberts  building  at  the  southeast  cor- 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


539 


ner  of  Third  and  Federal  Streets,  where  he  fitted 
up  an  office  much  in  advance  of  any  that  had  pre- 
ceded it,  afterwards  removing  to  the  northwest  cor- 
ner of  Third  and  Arch  Streets,  where  it  remained 
until  July  1,  1876,  when  he  moved  into  the  build- 
ing now  in  use,  built  for  the  purpose  by  the  late 
John  S.  Read.  Captain  Lee  was  removed  by  Presi- 
dent Johnson  in  October,  1866,  and  Colonel  Tim- 
othy 0.  Moore  appointed.  The  Senate,  however, 
refused  to  confirm  Colonel  Moore,  and,  in  March, 
1867,  Captain  Lee  resumed  the  duties  of  the  office, 
holding  the  position  until  1879,  when  Henry  B. 
Wilson  was  appointed.  He  served  one  term  of 
four  years  and  was  succeeded,  in  1883,  by  William 
T.  Bailey,  who,  in  1885,  was  followed  by  Charles 
Janney,  the  present  incumbent. 

The  following  list  of  names,  with  the  dates  of 
appointment  of  postmasters  since  the  time  of  the 
establishment  of  the  office,  was  furnished  by  the 
Post- Office  Department  at  Washington  : 

Post-  Office  at  Coopers  Ferry,  Gloucester  Co.,  N.  J. 

Benjamin  B.  Cooper,  appointed  January  1, 1803  ;' 
Charles  Cooper,  appointed  January  1,  1806 ; 
Eichard  M.  Cooper,  appointed  April  13,  1810 ; 
(changed  to  Camden,  June  22,  1829). 

Camden,  N.  J.  {late  Coopers  Ferry). 

Isaiah  Toy,  appointed  June  22,  1829 ;  Isaac  Bul- 
lock, appointed  May  24,  1838;  James  Elwell,  ap- 
pointed July  2, 1840  ;  Charles  Bontemps,  appointed 
April  21,  1849;  Jonathan  Burr,  appointed  Decem- 
ber 17,  1852 ;  John  Hanna,  appointed  April  6, 
1853  ;  Samuel  Andrews,  appointed  April  5,1861; 
Eichard  H.  Lee,  appointed  May  18, 1867;  Timothy 
C.  Moore,  appointed  October  12,  1866 ;  Eichard 
H.  Lee,  appointed  May  18, 1867  ;  Henry  B.  Wilson, 
appointed  February  22,  1879  ;  William  T.  Bailey, 
appointed  March  2,  1883 ;  Charles  Janney,  ap- 
pointed April  23,  1885. 

Of  the  above,  there  are  now  living  Jonathan 
Burr,  for  thirty  years  secretary  of  the  Camden 
Fire  Insurance  Company,  from  which  he  volun- 
tarily resigned  a  few  years  since  ;  Eichard  H.  Lee, 
until  recently  in  the  Philadelphia  Custom  House ; 
Timothy  C.  Moore,  residing  in  Milwaukee  ;  Henry 
B.  Wilson,  coal  dealer  at  Kaighus  Point ;  William 
T.  Bailey,  in  the  real  estate  business  in  Camden  ; 
and  Charles  Janney,  present  incumbent. 

William  Abies,  appointed  in  1879,  was  the  first 
assistant  postmaster.  He  resigned  in  1882  to  ac- 
cept the  position  of  post-office  inspector,  and  Jesse 

^  The  date  of  the  establishment  of  the  office  canaot  be  definitely 
ascertained  ;  therefore,  the  date  of  the  commencement  of  the  ac- 
count with  the  United  States  Post-Oifice  is  given. 


K.  Mines  was  appointed  in  his  place  and  served 
until  1885,  when  Frank  L.  Vinton,  present  incum- 
bent, was  appointed. 

The  first  clerk,  called  for  by  the  business  of  the 
office,  was  Eichardson  Smith,  in  1861,  who,  in 
1864,  resigned  to  accept  the  position  of  mail  agent, 
and  was  succeeded  by  Jehu  Evans,  Charles  Wat- 
son and,  in  1867,  by  Eobert  B.  McCowan,  who 
was  retained  until  1885,  when  William  Hauble 
was  appointed. 

The  first  regular  letter-carrying  was  in  1852, 
when  Samuel  Jenkins  delivered  letters,  receiving 
two  cents  as  recompense.  To  increase  his  gains,  he 
placed  tin  boxes  at  convenient  locations  for  the  re- 
ception of  letters  to  be  passed  through  the  post- 
office.  He  was  not  the  first  carrier,  however.  As 
early  as  1840,  when  James  Elwell  kept  the  office 
at  the  foot  of  Bridge  Avenue,  so  far  from  where 
people  lived.  Lawyer  JefFers,  to  save  labor  and  in- 
sure rapid  receipt  of  mail  matter,  engaged  Alfred, 
son  of  the  postmaster,  to  bring  him  his  letters  as 
soon  as  they  arrived,  and  others  following  his  exam- 
ple, the  lad  made  a  snug  sum  for  pocket-money. 

In  1863  the  free  delivery  system  was  established 
and  abolished  the  year  following,  and  again  estab- 
lished in  1873.  The  number  of  carriers  employed 
in  successive  years  have  been  as  follows:  1851, 
one ;  1861,  two  ;  1863,  three ;  1873,  six ;  1880,  eight ; 
1883,  nine;  1884,  eleven;  1886,  thirteen.  Their 
salary  in  1863  was  six  hundred  dollars  per  year, 
and  in  1886  eight  hundred  dollars  per  year.  In 
1863  there  were  two  deliveries  and  two  collections 
daily  ;  in  1886,  in  some  portions  of  the  city,  four, 
and,  in  all  but  remote  points,  three  deliveries  and 
three  collections  daily. 

For  the  year  ending  July  1,  1886,  the  carriers 
delivered  2,218,243  and  collected  907,955  pieces  of 
mail  matter.  The  sale  of  stamps  at  the  office  ag- 
gregates in  value  $28,430 ;  the  registered  letters 
received  numbered  6377  ;  sent,  4482. 

The  following-named  persons  have  been  the 
letter-carriers : 


18Y6.  Charles  S.  Wilkinson. 
1876.  George  Tj.  Simpson. 

1880.  Howard  M.  Kemble. 
Jesse  K.  Mines. 

1881.  William  S.  Pettit. 
J.  Kelly  Brown. 
Albert  F.  Mattocks. 

1882.  Herman  Rosade. 

1883.  Charles  Fowler. 
J.  Oscar  Nichuals. 
L.  F.  De  La  Croix. 

William  C.  Johnson. 


1852.  Samuel  Jenkins. 

Peter  Bleyler. 
1861.  Jehu  E.  Smith. 

Robert  Patton. 

1863.  Benjamin  M.  Braker. 

1864.  Charles  Parker. 
1867.  Howard  Lee. 

1873.  Arthur  Stanley. 
William  G.  Dorman. 
John  0.  Olopper. 
William  S.  Darr. 

1874.  Thomas  M.  K.  Lee. 

Those  serving  the  longest  terms  were  Jehu  E. 
Smith,  22  years  ;  Charles  Parker,  21  years  ;  John  C. 
Clopper,  13  years  ;  and  Wm.  G.  Dorman,  12  years. 


540 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Market- Houses. — There  was  never  a  curb- 
stone market  in  Camden, — a  market  where  the 
producer  could  back  his  wagon  against  the  curb- 
stone and  sell  direct  to  the  consumer.  The  first 
conception  of  a  market-place  was,  probably,  when 
Jacob  Cooper  laid  out  the  town  of  Camden,  in 
1773,  and  dedicated  extra  space  for  public  use  at 
the  intersection  of  Third  and  Market  Streets. 
James  Kaighn  dying  in  1811,  seized  of  the  land 
lying  between  Kaighn  Avenue  and  Line  Street, 
his  brother,  Joseph  Kaighn,  owning  the  land 
south  of  Kaighn  Avenue,  having  charge  of  the 
matter,  in  laying  out  Kaighnton,  widened  Kaighn 
Avenue,  then  called  Market  Street,  to  a  width  of 
one  hundred  and  thirty  feet  between  Second  and 
Third  Street  that  there  might  be  room  for  market- 
sheds  in  the  centre.  His  idea  was  not  realized, 
and,  in  1874,  the  City  Council  passed  an  ordinance 
making  the  street  of  <:4, uniform  width  of  sixty-six 
feet  between  the  curbs. 

In  the  recorded  proceedings  of  a  town-meeting 
held  in  the  City  Hall,  March  13,  1837,  appears 
this  minute:  "On  motion  of  Richard  Fetters  it 
was  ordered  that  Council  construct  a  market  at  the 
intersection  of  Third  and  Market,  containing  eight 
stalls,  to  be  paid  for  out  of  the  present  funds  of 
the  City."  From  the  treasurer's  statement,  made 
at  that  meeting,  the  fund  on  hand,  after  deduct- 
ing $42.48,  due  the  Camden  Bank,  was  $159.20, 
and  this  was  the  amount  intended  to  be  expended 
for  the  purpose.  The  next  item  found  in  the 
records,  relating  to  the  market,  is  in  the  proceed- 
ings of  City  Council,  September  30,  1837,  when 
"  Richard  Fetters,  Robert  W.  Ogden  and  John  W. 
Mickle  were  appointed  a  committee  to  build  a 
market-house  on  Third  Street  south  of  Market 
Street,  to  be  roofed  with  shingles." 

Three  months  later  the  enterprise  seems  to  have 
been  accomplished,  and  Camden's  first  market- 
house  was  ready  for  use  December  28, 1837.  At  a 
meeting  of  Council,  held  at  the  house  of  William 
S.  Paul,  these  bills  were  ordered  paid  : 

"  For  iron  pipe  for  posts $72.00 

Porterage 1.56 

Captain  Mickle's  bill  for  lumber 155.97J^ 

James  Gahan'a  bill,  work  on  market 13.33J^ 

Achilles  Bette'  bill,  work  on  market 2.25  " 

These  amount  to  $245.12,  and  as  nothing  further 
appears  concerning  the  matter,  the  presumption  is 
that  this  was  the  total  cost.  This  was  Camden's 
first  and  only  market-house  until  1856,  when, 
March  28th,  City  Council  passed  an  ordinance 
providing  for  the  erection  of  a  market-house  on 
Third  Street,  between  Arch  and  Federal  Streets. 
This  was  done  the  same  year,  at  a  cost  of  one 


thousand  eight  hundred  dollars,  and  the  structure 
was  used  for  this  purpose  until  1876,  when  it  was 
removed.  In  the  mean  time  several  schemes  for 
building  market-houses  were  projected.  In  1855 
Richard  Fetters,  John  Troth,  Richard  W.  Howell, 
Samuel  Andrews,  Maurice  Browning,  William  J. 
Hatch  and  Abraham  S.  Ackley  procured  a  charter 
for  the  Camden  Market  Company,  but  failed  to  com- 
plete the  organization,  and  in  1856  the  Washington 
Market  Company  was  incorporated,  with  John  S. 
Read,  Ralph  Lee,  James  M.  Cassady,  Isaac  W. 
Mickle,  Lewis  Seal,  Matthew  Miller,  John  Ross, 
John  K.  Oowperthwaite,  Henry  Fredericks,  Joseph 
T.  Rowand  and  William  P.  Tatem  as  the  company. 
The  design  was  to  build  a  market-house  on  the 
west  side  of  Third  Street,  between  Arch  and  Fed- 
eral; the  structure  to  be  about  one  hundred  feet 
square,  but  the  erection  of  the  market-sheds  on 
Third  Street,  by  the  city,  caused  the  company  to 
abandon  the  project.  In  1874  John  S.  Read, 
Jonathan  Burr,  William  P.  Tatem,  Randal  E. 
Morgan  and  Edmund  E.  Read  were  incorporated 
as  the  Farmers'  Market  Company,  with  a  capital 
of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  but  the  enter- 
prise failed  to  mature. 

The  next  attempt  in  this  line,  however,  was  more 
successful.  Thos.  A.  Wilson,  Rudolphus  Bingham, 
Abraham  Rapp,  James  W.  Wroth  and  Charles 
Stockham,  as  the  Farmers'  and  Butchers'  Market 
Company,  in  1877,  constructed  a  large  building  of 
brick,  one  hundred  and  fifty  by  one  hundred  and 
seventy  feet  on  Bridge  Avenue  and  West  Street, 
extending  to  Mickle  Street.  It  was  intended  for 
a  wholesale  and  retail  market,  but  did  not  prosper, 
for  the  reason  that,  with  Philadelphia  so  near,  the 
wholesale  trade  could  not  be  gained,  and  the  loca- 
tion was  unsuited  for  retailing.  It  was  used  as  a 
market-house  for  two  years,  when  it  was  fitted  up 
for  theatrical  purposes,  with  a  capacity  for  seat- 
ing a  thousand  persons,  and  was  subsequently  se- 
cured by  the  Sixth  Regiment  National  Guards  and 
fitted  up  as  an  armory. 

In  1878  John  8.  Read  and  Wm.  S.  Scull  built 
the  Federal  Street  Market,  on  Federal  Street  above 
Fourth,  on  the  site  of  the  old  City  Hall,  construct- 
ed in  1828.  This  is  now  the  only  building  in  the 
city  used  exclusively  as  a  market-house.  It  is  well 
adapted  to  the  purpose  and  the  market  is  well  pat- 
ronized. 

THE  EEAD  FAMILY. 

David  Read,  the  ancestor  of  the  Read  family  of 
Camden,  was  a  son  of  Joseph  Read,  who  died  at  his 
home  in  Greenwich,  Gloucester  County,  N.  J.,  Nov. 
12,  1755,  and  his  remains  were  interred  in  the 
Presbyterian  bury  ing-ground  in  that  town.  He  was 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


541 


born  at  Greenwich,  and  while  yet  a  young  man,  at 
the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution  enlisted  in  the 
army  under  General  Washington  and  remained  in 
the  military  service  during  the  entire  period  of 
that  war,  participating  in  the  campaigns  of  New 
Jersey,  the  battle  of  Brandywine,  and  during  the 
last  year  of  that  struggle  for  independence  was 
transferred  with  his  regiment  to  the  Army  of  the 
South,  under  General  Lincoln,  in  order  to  impede 
the  progress  of  the  invading  British,  who  had 
transferred  the  seat  of  war  to  the  Southern  States. 
At  the  close  of  the  war,  when  David  Read  and  his 
comrades  were  discharged  and  paid  off  in  Conti- 
nental money,  three  of  them,  of  whom  he  was  one, 
went  to  the  wharf  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  in  order  to 
secure  passage  on  a  sailing-vessel  for  Philadelphia. 
Their  money  being  comparatively  worthless  on 
account  of  its  depreciation  in  value,  the  captain  of 
the  vessel  would  take  them  only  on  consideration 
that  they  would  pay  the  amount  of  passage  money 
by  working,  which  they  accordingly  agreed  to  do. 
Upon  sailing  around  Cape  Hatteras,  well-known 
as  a  dangerous  place  to  mariners,  the  vessel  was 
foundered  and  every  soul  on  board  was  drowned 
except  David  Read  and  his  two  soldier  companions, 
who  clung  to  a  broken  spar  and  after  being  forty- 
eight  hours  in  that  perilous  position  were  eventu- 
ally drifted  to  the  shore  and  landed  on  the  coast 
amid  the  darkness  of  night.  They  were  nearly 
exhausted  for  the  want  of  food  and  drink.  Seeing 
a  light  a  distance  from  them  along  the  shore,  they 
began  to  wend  their  way  thither  in  hopes  of  meet- 
ing some  one  who  would  assist  them  in  their  dis- 
tress. The  feet  of  one  of  the  comrades  trod  upon 
a  bottle  which,  upon  examination,  was  thought  to 
be  Jamaica  rum.  The  two  companions  drank  of 
it  to  excess,  against  the  protest  of  David  Read,  who 
feared  dangerous  results,  on  account  of  their  being 
so  long  deprived  of  food.  The  draught  proved 
fatal  to  them,  and  the  war-scarred  veterans  for 
fifteen  minutes  struggled  for  their  lives  and  then 
died  near  the  stormy  shores  of  Cape  Hatteras. 
David  Read  continued  onward,  and  the  place 
toward  which  they  were  going  proved  to  be  a 
light-house.  Upon  arriving  at  it  he  was  tenderly 
cared  for  by  the  occupants,  and  given  food  to 
revive  his  enfeebled  condition.  He  then,  in  com- 
pany with  others,  returned  and  buried  the  remains 
of  his  unfortunate  comrades  at  the  place  where 
they  had  taken  the  fatal  draught.  David  Read 
soon  thereafter  returned  to  Charleston,  where 
money  was  given  him  by  some  patriotic  persons, 
and  he  set  sail  for  Philadelphia.  Upon  arriving 
here  he  returned  to  Greenwich,  where  he  married 
Rachel  Peck,  and  the  records  of  the  Presbyterian 
65 


Church  of  Greenwich  show  that  of  the  children 
of  this  union,  David,  James  and  Joel  were  bap- 
tized there.  Toward  the  latter  part  of  the  last 
century  he  moved  with  his  family  to  Camden 
when  it  was  but  a  small  village,  and  engaged  in  the 
pork  business  and  sausage-making  for  the  city 
trade.  His  place  of  business  was  on  Plum  Street 
(now  Arch),  below  Third,  where  he  continued  his 
occupation  and  died  in  1842,  at  the  advanced  age 
of  eighty-four  years,  five  months  and  sixteen  days 
being  probably  the  last  representative  in  Camden 
County  of  the  soldiers  of  the  Revolutionary  War. 
He  ever  delighted  to  narrate  to  his  children  and 
grandchildren  the  perilous  scenes  and  incidents  in 
which  he  was  a  participant  during  that  historic 
period.  His  remains  were  interred  in  the  Newton 
burying-ground. 

Joel  Read,  his  third  son,  was  born  in  1786.  He 
was  baptized  at  Greenwich,  July  8,  1787,  and  at 
the  opening  of  the  second  war  with  Great  Britain, 
in  1812,  imbued  with  the  patriotism  of  his  father, 
and  following  his  precedent,  he  joined  a  military 
company  known  as  the  Jersey  Blues  and  during 
that  war  was  stationed  with  his  regiment  at  Bil- 
lingsport,  along  the  Delaware  River  in  Gloucester, 
opposite  Fort  Mifflin.  In  1812  he  married  Mary 
Jones,  a  member  of  a  prominent  family  of  the 
Society  of  Friends,  and  a  descendant  of  the 
Thackaras,  who  were  influential  people  in  the 
early  annals  of  New  Jersey.  By  this  union  were 
born  six  children, — Charlotte,  Joseph  J.,  Rachel, 
William  Thackara,  John  S.  and  Edmund  E. 

Joel  Read  was  a  brush-maker  by  trade.  He 
followed  his  occupation  for  a  few  years  in  Camden 
and  then  moved  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  con- 
tinued in  it  with  success.  Later  in  life  he  re- 
turned to  Camden  and  lived  on  Plum  Street,  but 
after  the  death  of  his  wife  he  lived  in  Penn  Street 
with  his  daughter  Charlotte. 

Joseph  J.  Read,  the  eldest  son  of  Joel  and  Mary 
Bead,  was  born  in  Camden,  on  Arch  Street  west 
of  Second  Street,  March  24,  1815,  and  when  eight 
years  old  moved  with  his  parents  to  the  district  of 
Southwark,  and  immediately  thereafter  was  em- 
ployed at  Jasper  Harding's  printing-office  in  Phil- 
adelphia, at  one  dollar  a  week,  continuing  there 
two  years.  He  was  next  hired  at  one  and  a  half 
dollars  per  week  with  Thomas  Watson  to  work  in 
a  biscuit  and  cracker  bakery.  The  foreman 
treated  him  harshly  and,  unknown  to  his  mother, 
he  left  his  position  with  one  week's  wages,  and  with 
characteristic  ingenuity  invested  it  in  buttons,  tape, 
needles  and  pins,  and  before  noon  of  that  day  had 
disposed  of  all  his  goods  at  a  profit  of  fifty  cents. 
With  the  two  dollars  of  capital  now  at  command  he 


542 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


invested  again  in  the  afternoon  and  cleared  in  all 
one  dollar  and  twenty-five  cents  the  first  day  of  his 
mercantile  career.  At  the  end  of  a  week  he  cleared 
ten  dollars.  By  the  middle  of  the  succeeding  week 
his  capital  was  increased  to  twenty  dollars  and 
with  it  he  purchased  gilt  buttons  and  in  one  day 
disposed  of  them  at  a  gain  of  fifty  per  cent.,  his 
amount  of  cash  being  then  increased  to  thirty 
dollars.  Two  weeks  having  now  expired  since  he 
left  his  employer  in  the  bakery,  his  mother, 
who  was  a  woman  of  noble  bearing  and  excellent 
moral  traits,  asked  for  his  wages.  To  her  astonish- 
ment, he  pulled  out  his  thirty  dollars  in  gold  and 
silver  and  handed  it  to  her.  She,  fearing  he  would 
get  into  bad  company,  took  the  money  and  secured 
for  him  a  place  on  a  farm  in  Burlington  County, 
N.  J.  He  again  was  under  an  employer  who  did 
not  treat  him  well,  and  at  the  expiration  of  two 
years,  of  his  own  accord,  he  returned  to  his  home  in 
Philadelphia,  and  at  his  own  expressed  wish  was 
secured  a  position  to  go  to  sea  at  a  salary  of  six 
dollars  per  month.  One  month's  wages  was  paid 
in  advance,  half  of  which  was  given  to  his  mother 
and  with  the  other  three  dollars  he  purchased 
manufactured  tobacco  and  took  it  on  board  the 
vessel,  which  was  bound  for  Cuba.  He  there 
traded  his  tobacco  for  a  barrel  of  molasses,  which 
failed  to  be  placed  on  the  manifest,  and  when  the 
vessel  returned  to  Philadelphia  it  of  necessity  went 
with  the  general  cargo,  and  the  ingenious  young 
trader  lost  all  of  his  available  assets  except  the 
two  months'  wages  which  were  given  to  his  mother. 
His  desire  then  to  learn  the  trade  of  a  cooper  was 
gratified,  and  he  was  bound  as  an  apprentice  for 
the  term  of  six  years  with  a  man  who  proved  to 
be  a  hard  master.  On  one  occasion,  when  under 
the  influence  of  liquor,  he  beat  young  Read  so 
badly  that  he  afterwards  gave  him  fifty  cents  to  go 
up  to  Independence  Hall  to  see  a  new  bell  placed 
on  it.  This  present  was  granted  in  order  to  in- 
duce the  boy  not  to  tell  his  mother  of  the  ill-treat- 
ment. Joseph  Read  accepted  the  fifty  cents,  board- 
ed a  sloop,  upon  which  he  worked  his  passage  to 
Bordentown,  walked  from  thence  to  New  Bruns- 
wick, where  he  secured  a  passage  on  a  sailing-ves- 
sel and  arrived  in  New  York  with  his  fifty  cents, 
but  did  not  know  any  one  in  that  city.  He  soon 
secured  employment  at  the  cooper's  trade  with  a 
firm  that  discontinued  business  after  he  was  with 
them  two  years  and  he  finished  his  trade  with 
another  party  in  the  same  city.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-one  yearr-  he  returned  to  Philadelphia  for 
one  year  and  then  went  back  to  New  York,  where 
he  became  foreman  of  a  large  cooper-shop,  serving 
for  one  year,  when   he  went  to  Brooklyn  and  for 


three  years  was  manager  of  a  large  oil  manufac- 
tory. While  there,  in  1837,  he  joined  the  First 
Baptist  Church  of  that  city,  under  the  pastorate  of 
Rev.  Ilsley.  In  1840  he  returned  to  Philadelphia, 
and  with  a  cash  account  of  two  hundred  dollars 
and  one  thousand  dollars  of  borrowed  money,  em- 
barked in  the  coopering  business  on  Penn  Street, 
and  the  first  year  cleared  five  hundred  dollars,  but 
the  next  year  lost  all  he  had,  including  the  bor- 
rowed money.  He  then  lived  over  this  cooper- 
shop  for  nine  years.  By  business  sagacity  and 
characteristic  energy  he  secured  credit  and  soon 
made  up  the  amount  of  the  losses,  returned  the 
borrowed  money,  erected  a  fine  dwelling-house  in 
1851,  costing  ten  thousand  dollars,  on  Pine  Street, 
lived  in  it  ten  years,  until  1861,  when  he  moved  to 
Camden.  In  the  mean  time,  while  living  in  Phil- 
adelphia, he  purchased  and  owned  all  the  prop- 
erty from  Penn  Street  to  Delaware  Avenue  and 
other  property  adjoining  his  cooper-shop  on  the 
north  side. 

In  1861  Mr.  Read  moved  his  family  to  Camden, 
his  native  place,  continuing  his  business  in  Phila- 
delphia until  1864,  when  he  retired.  Meeting 
with  some  losses  the  next  year,  in  order  to  retrieve 
them,  he  re-embarked  in  his  former  business  at  the 
same  place  in  Philadelphia,  and  continued  thus 
successfully  engaged  until  1867.  He  then  perma- 
nently retired  from  the  coopering  business,  which 
he  had  successfully  carried  on  for  a  period  of 
thirty-one  years.  He  has  since  been  engaged  as 
a  broker  and  general  real  estate  agent  and  now 
owns  a  large  amount  of  real  estate  in  Philadel- 
phia, Camden  and  Atlantic  City.  He  is  an  excel- 
lent judge  of  values  and  a  careful  and  judicious 
business  man. 

Since  1837  Mr.  Read  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  Church  and  is  now  connected  with  the 
First  Baptist  Church  of  Camden.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  Integrity  Lodge,  A.  Y.  M.,  No.  187,  of 
Philadelphia,  since  1846,  and  a  member  of  Veteran 
Lodge  of  the  same  city. 

Mr.  Read  was  married,  in  1840,  to  Cecelia,  daugh- 
ter of  John  R.  Rue,  a  Frenchman,  born  in  the  town 
of  Nancy.  Mrs.  Read,  who  died  in  1878,  was  a  wo- 
man of  noble  Christian  virtues,  an  earnest  worker 
in  the  church  and  greatly  devoted  to  the  interests 
of  charity,  a  good  wife  and  a  good  mother.  By  this 
marriage  were  born  seven  children, — Mary,  mar- 
ried Joseph  L.  Bush,  of  Newport,  Rhode  Island, 
where  they  now  live  ;  John  R.  Read,  Esq.,  a  law- 
yer of  Philadelphia ;  Cecelia,  married  to  Abraham 
C.  Tallman,  now  deceased;  Annie,  married  to  Wil- 
liam B.  Knowles,  of  Philadelphia,  now  deceased ; 
Katie,  married  to  Edwin  B.  Powell,  of  Brooklyn, 


Ii::^^^^^^^.  ^  //ean 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


543 


N.  Y. ;  Emily,  who  died  at  the  age  of  two  years  ; 
and  Joseph  F.  P.  Read,  now  a  real  estate  broker 
of  Camden. 

Mr.  Read  was  married  a  second  time,  in  1881, 
to  Elizabeth  M.  (Etris)  Schellenger,  of  Camden, 
widow  of  the  late  Captain  Henry  Schellenger. 

John  S.  Read,  the  third  son  and  fifth  child  of 
Joel  and  Mary  Read,  was  born  March  11,  1822,  in 
the  old  district  of  Southwark,  Philadelphia.  At 
the  age  of  fourteen  years  he  became  an  apprentice 
of  Charles  F.  Mansfield,  in  his  wall-paper  store,  at 
275  South  Second  Street,  Philadelphia,  and  re- 
mained in  that  position  until  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  years,  during  which  time  he  was  industrious, 
energetic  and  economical,  traits  which  character- 
ized him  through  life.  Soon  after  attaining  his 
majority  he  began  business  for  himself  on  Second 
Street,  Philadelphia,  between  South  and  Lombard, 
where  he  continued  in  the  wall-paper  business 
several  years,  and  then  removed  his  store  to  the 
northeast  corner  of  Second  and  Lombard  Streets. 
He  remained  there  until  1846.  About  this  time 
Camden  received  a  new  impetus  to  its  growth,  and 
Mr.  Read  removed  to  Camden,  having  previously 
associated  with  him  in  business  his  brother,  Ed- 
mund E.  Read,  as  the  firm  of  Read  &  Brother, 
who  for  a  time  continued  their  store  in  Philadel- 
phia, and  erected  buildings  on  Arch  Street,  Cam- 
den, though  they  conducted  business  mainly  at  3d 
and  Federal.  Here  they  also  conducted  an  exten- 
sive and  prosperous  business  until  his  death,  and 
which  is  still  continued  by  his  brother  Edmund. 

John  S.  Read  was  called  upon  to  fill  a  large 
number  of  positions  of  trust  and  responsibility. 
For  twenty-five  years  he  served  as  director  and 
treasurer  of  the  Camden  Fire  Insurance  Associa- 
tion ;  was  one  of  the  directors  of  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Camden ;  was  one  of  the  projectors  of 
the  Camden  Building  and  Loan  Association,  the 
first  in  the  city,  and  was  subsequently  treasurer 
of  several  other  building  associations;  at  the 
time  of  his  death  he  was  one  of  the  commis- 
sioners of  the  Morris  Plains  Insane  Asylum  of 
New  Jersey,  and  a  State  director  of  the  Camden 
and  Amboy  Railroad  Company,  appointed  by  the 
Legislature.  In  1870  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  City  Council,  and  took  an  active  part  in  the 
deliberations  of  that  body  ;  was  re-elected  in  1873 
and  made  president  of  City  Council.  While  a 
member  of  Council  he  was  greatly  instrumental 
in  securing  the  purchase  of  the  water-works  by  the 
city  authorities,  and  also  obtained  the  passage  of 
an  ordinance  for  the  system  of  culverts  now  in  use 
in  Camden  ;  served  for  several  years  as  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Education,  and  was  chosen  its 


president.  With  his  brother,  Edmund  E.,  he  built 
Read's  Hall,  at  the  corner  of  Third  and  Federal 
Streets ;  with  William  S.  Scull  he  built  the  Mar- 
ket House,  on  Federal  Street ;  and  with  Jonathan 
Burr,  built  the  row  of  stores  and  dwellings  on 
Federal  street,  above  Fifth.  He  also  erected  and 
owned  the  Camden  post-oflice  building. 

In  politics  Mr.  Read  was  originally  an  Old-Line 
Whig,  in  the  days  of  that  party,  and  afterwards  be- 
came an  ardent  supporter  of  the  prin  ciples  of  the  Re- 
publican party,  taking  an  active  interest  in  the 
administration  of  public  affairs.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  Camden  Lodge,  No.  15,  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  and 
Royal  Arch  Chapter,  No.  91,  of  Philadelphia. 

With  the  hope  of  recruiting  his  failiiig  health, 
he  went  to  Stroudsburg,  Monroe  County,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  died  there  August  6, 1882,  at  the  age  of 
sixty  years.  His  remains  were  interred  in  the 
Colestown  Cemetery,  in  this  county.  He  was 
highly  honored  and  respected  for  his  many  virtues 
and  recognized  as  a  man  of  fine  executive  and 
administrative  abilities. 

Mr.  Read  was  twice  married.  By  his  first  mar- 
riage, with  Margaret  Mason,  who  died  early  in 
life,  he  had  two  children :  Elizabeth  M.  Read, 
married  to  John  Campbell,  of  Camden  (they  have 
two  children,  John  and  Mamie) ;  William  T.  Read, 
married  to  Lucretia  McCormick,  and  have  one 
child,  William. 

By  his  second  marriage,  with  Harriet  Peak,  of 
Camden,  he  had  one  child,  Edmund  E.  Bead,  Jr. 
a  member  of  the  Camden  County  bar,  who,  on 
December  27,  1882,  was  married  to  Margaret  Mul- 
ford.     They  have  one  child,  John  S.  Read. 

Edmund  E.  Read  was  born  in  Southwark,  now 
the  consolidated  part  of  Philadelphia,  April  19, 
1824.  He  first  attended  a  public  school,  for  many 
years  taught  by  Mr.  Watson,  on  Catharine  Street, 
Philadelphia,  in  a  building  which  is  still  standing. 
He  was  next  sent  to  a  school  taught  by  Mr. 
Crozer,  on  Third  Street,  below  Catharine.  At  the 
age  of  fourteen  years  he  became  a  clerk  in  a  gro- 
cery store  on  the  corner  of  Second  and  Christian 
Streets;  but, after  remaining  there  six  months,  was 
given  a  position  on  the  United  States  Coast  Sur- 
vey, under  Engineer  Warner,  and  was  nine 
months  located  in  the  State  of  Connecticut.  Re- 
turning home,  he  attended  a  school  under  the 
instruction  of  James  Crowell,  in  Philadelphia,  six 
months,  and  began  to  learn  the  cooper  trade 
in  the  same  city,  which  he  finished  under  his  elder 
brother,  Joseph  J.,  with  whom  he  remained  five 
years.  At  the  expiration  of  this  time  he  went  to 
the  island  of  Cuba  and  was  placed  in  charge  of  the 
cooperage  establishment  on  a  large  sugar  ^lanta- 


544 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


tion,  and  there,  during  four  years'  assiduous  labor 
and  strict  economy,  laid  the  foundation  for  his  fu- 
ture prosperous  business  career.  Upon  returning 
home,  at  the  time  of  the  sickness  of  his  brother,  John 
S.  Eead,  he  was  induced  to  take  charge  of  his 
paper-store,  and  soon  thereafter  became  associated 
with  him  in  business,  under  the  iirm-name  of  Read 
&  Brother,  on  the  corner  of  Second  and  Lom- 
bard Streets,  Philadelphia. 

In  1855  Edmund  E.  Read  removed  to  Camden, 
retaining  his  interest  in  the  Philadelphia  store,  and, 
together  with  his  brother,  opened  a  store  on  Arch 
Street,  Camden,  and  later  they  built  the  large  store 
building,  on  the  corner  of  Third  and  Federal  Streets 
known  as  Read's  Hall,  and  also  the  large  store- 
building  on  the  corner  of  Third  and  Arch  Streets, 
occupied  then  and  to  this  date  by  Dr.  De  LaCour  as 
a  drug-store.  In  the  Federal  Street  store  Mr.  Read 
has  done  a  large  and  prosperous  business,  and 
since  his  residence  in  Camden,  has  been  identified 
with  nearly  every  interest  which  has  added  to  the 
material  growth  and  prosperity  of  the  city.  His 
brother,  with  whom  he  was  so  long  and  success- 
fully associated  in  business,  died  in  1882,  and  the 
firm  is  now  Read  &  Smith. 

The  business  success  and  executive  ability  of 
Mr.  Read  is  shown  from  the  number  of  responsible 
positions  to  which  he  has  been  chosen  by  various 
corporations  and  associations.  He  is  now  a  direc- 
tor of  the  Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad,  of  the 
Marlton  and  Medford  Railroad,  of  the  First  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Camden,  of  the  Camden  Fire  In- 
surance Association  and  treasurer  of  the  same,  of 
the  Sea  View  Hotel  Company  of  Atlantic  City,  and 
of  the  Coopers  Point  and  Philadelphia  Ferry  Co. 
He  has  served  as  a  member  of  the  City  Council, 
a  member  of  the  County  Board  of  Freeholders  and 
State  Prison  director.  Since  the  organization  of 
building  and  loan  associations  in  Camden  he  has 
been  a  director  in  a  number  of  them,  and,  up  to 
the  present  time,  he  is  a  member  of  Camden 
Lodge,  No.  15,  Free  and  accepted  Masons, 
Sylome  Chapter,  No.  19,  and  Cyrene  Commandery 
of  Camden.  He  has  been  an  active  worker  in  the 
c,hurch,  was  a  member  of  the  building  committee, 
and,  for  many  years,  a  trustee,  of  the  First  Baptist 
Church  of  Camden,  and  later  a  trustee  in  the 
Trinity  Baptist  Church,  of  which  he  and  his 
family  are  now  members. 

Mr.  Read  was  married,  in  August,  1844,  to  Anna 
Peak,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Abigail  Peak,  of 
Camden.  They  have  four  children,— Harriet  P. 
Read,  John  S.  Read,  Jr.  (who  died  an  infant), 
Sallie  L.  Read  (who  is  married  to  Harry  L.  Jones 
of  Camden,  and  they  have  one  child,  Mary  Read 


Jones),  and  Anna  P.  Read,  the  youngest  daugh- 
ter. 

The  Camden  Insueastce  Company  was  char- 
tered by  the  Legislature  March  16,  1832.  The 
capital  stock  was  fixed  at  fifty  thousand  dollars, 
with  the  privilege  of  increasing  it  to  one  hundred 
thousand  dollars.  The  shares  were  twenty-five  dol- 
lars each.  The  persons  named  in  the  charter  who 
became  the  first  directors  of  the  company  were 
Joseph  W.  Cooper,  Robert  W.  Ogden,  Richard 
Fetters,  Thomas  Lee,  Jr.,  Nathan  Davis,  Morris 
Croxall,  Isaiah  Toy,  John  K.  Cowperthwaite,  Jo- 
seph Kaighn,  Ebenezer  Toole,  Jeremiah  H.  Sloan, 
John  W.  Mickle  and  Isaac  Smith.  This  company 
continued  to  exist  for  several  years  with  varied 
success.  The  management  of  it  eventually  passed 
into  new  hands,  and  on  March  2,  1849,  Abraham 
Browning,  Thomas  H.  Dudley  and  Isaiah  Toy 
were,  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature,  created  trustees 
to  settle  the  aflairs  of  the  company. 

The  Camden  Fike  Insurance  Association 
was  incorporated  by  an  act  of  the  State  Legisla- 
ture approved  March  12,  1841,  as  the  "  Camden 
Mutual  Insurance  Association."  The  incorpora- 
tors, who  also,  under  the  same  act,  were  constituted 
the  first  directors  of  the  company,  were  Gideon  V. 
Stivers,  Isaac  Cole,  Richard  Fetters,  Ebenezer 
Toole,  Nathan  Davis,  Charles  S.  Garrett,  Joab 
Scull,  John  Knisell,  Edward  Daugherty,  Thomas 
Peak,  Charles  Bontemps,  Richard  Thomas  and 
John  K,  Cowperthwaite.  This  company  began 
business  under  the  most  favorable  auspices,  and 
ever  since  its  origin,  has  prospered  even  beyond 
the  expectation  of  its  originators.  Its  plan  of 
promptly  paying  losses  gave  it  a  prestige  and  pop- 
ularity which  it  has  since  continually  maintained. 
The  directors  of  this  company  in  1868  were  Wil- 
liam P.  Tatem,  Jonathan  Burr,  Samuel  H.  Morton, 
Christopher  J.  Mines,  Ralph  Lee,  John  S.  Read, 
Henry  B.  Wilson,  Charles  Wilson,  Josiah  D. 
Rogers,  James  H.  Stevens,  Clayton  Truax,  Jesse 
E.  Huston  and  Thomas  A.  Wilson. 

The  association  did  business  on  the  mutual  plan 
until  July  1,  1870,  and  afterwards  on  the  stock 
plan.  The  amount  of  premiums  received  since  or- 
ganization is  1227,470;  losses  paid,  $35,599;  the 
amount  of  insurance  in  force  now  is  $3,050,538; 
and  the  amount  of  losses  paid  during  the  past  year, 
$1910.34.  Business  is  done  principally  in  West 
and  South  Jersey. 

The  officers  from  the  organization  to  the  present 
have  been  as  follows  : 

Pi'efiid&ita. 
Isaac  Cole,  1841  to  1849.  Richard  Fetters,  1849  to  1853. 

Edward  Daugherty,  1863  to  1859.  WiUiam  P.  Tatam,  1869  to  1871. 
Henry  B.  Wilson,  1871  to  date. 


"^^ 


/  7     9^ 


I  ^<::2ifes::^ 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


545 


Vice-President.. 
Jonathan  Burr,  1885  to  date  (created  in  1885). 
Secretariea. 
J.  K.  Cowperthwaite,  1841  to  1853.  Jonathan  Bun-,  1853  to  1885. 
Bud.  W.  BirdHell,  1885  to  date. 

Treasurers. 
Nathan  Davis,  1841  to  1853. 
Charles  Pine,  1861  to  1862. 
Edmund  E.  Read,  1882  to  date. 


John  S.  Read,  1853  to  1861. 
John  R.  Read,  1862  to  1882. 


Gideon  V.  Stivers,  1841  to  1853.      Josiah  D.  Rogers,  1853  to  1861. 
Samuel  H.  Morton,  1861  to  1870.    Charles  "Wilson,  1870  to  1872. 
Chris.  J.  Mines,  1872  to  date. 

Directors. — Following  is  au  alphabetical  list 
of  those  who  have  served  as  directors : 


Thomas  B.  Atkinson. 
Adam  Angel. 
Charles  Bontemps.  ■ 
William  W.  Bozorth. 
Joseph  C,  Burroughs. 
Jonathan  Burr. 
Riley  Barrett. 
Benjamin  M.  Braker. 
John  Burr. 
Frank  J.  Burr. 
Rudolph  W.Birdsell. 
Isaac  Cole, 

John  K.  Cowperti?"waite. 
Richard  C.  Cake. 
Daniel  S.  Carter. 
Henry  Curts. 
Jacoh  a.  Collinga. 
Benjamin  S.  Carter. 
John  Carter. 

Samuel  S.  S.  Cowperthwait. 
John  Campbell,  Jr. 
Nathan  Da^'is. 
Edward  Daugherty. 
Richard  Fetters. 
Henry  Fredericks. 
Charles  S.  Garrett. 
Philip  J.  Grey. 
George  W.  Gilbert. 
Benjamin  A.  Hamell. 
Jesse  E.  Huston. 
John  Knisell. 
Ralph  Lee. 

The  present  officers  are  as  follows  : 

President. 
Henry  B.  Wilson. 

Secretary. 

Jonathan  Burr. 

Asaislant  Secretary. 

Rudolph  W.  Birdeell. 

Treasurei'. 

Edmund  E.  Read. 

Surveyor. 

Christopher  J.  Mines. 

Directors, 


Isaac  S.  Mulford. 
Samuel  H,  Morton. 
William  B.  Mulford. 
Christopher  J.  Mines. 
Jehu  Osier. 
Thomas  Peak. 
Walter  Patton. 
Charles  Pine. 
Caleb  Roberts. 
John  Ross. 
John  S.  Read. 
Josiah  D.  Rogers. 
Edmund  E.  Read. 
Edmund  E.  Read,  Jr. 
Gideon  V.  Stivera. 
Robert  W.Smith. 
John  Sands. 
Jacob  W.  Sharp. 
Jesse  Smith. 
Daniel  S.  Schriner. 
Joab  Scull. 
William  S.  Scull. 
James  H.  Stevens. 
William  P.  Tatem. 
Richard  Thomas. 
Samuel  Thompson. 
Clayton  Truax. 
William  Wannan. 
Richard  J.  Ward. 
Henry  B.  Wilson. 
Charles  Wilson. 
Thomas  A.  Wilson. 


William  P.  Tatem. 
Henry  B.  Wilson. 
Christopher  J.  Mines. 
Edmund  E.  Read. 
Edmund  E.  Read,  Jr. 
John  Burr. 
William  W.  Bozorth, 


Frank  J.  Burr, 
Josiah  D.  Rogers. 
William  S.  Scull. 
Charles  Wilson. 
George  W.  Gilbei-t. 
Jonathan  Burr. 


Camden  Gas-Light  Company. — The  works 
owned  by  this  company,  as  originally  laid  out  and 
built,  were  small,  little  or  no  provision  being  made 
for  exipansion  of  business.  The  manufacturing, 
purification  and  storage  facilities  have  been  en- 
tirely changed  by  the  erection  of  a  new  retort- 
house,  new  purifying  and  scrubber-house,  station 
meter-house,  larger  holders  for  storage,  etc.  Thir- 
ty-seven miles  of  pipes  for  distribution  have  been 
laid,  and,  in  a  word,  renewing  and  enlarging  have 
been  carried  on  until  but  a  vestige  of  the  old  works 
remains. 

The  present  works,  when  completed,  will  have  a 
capacity  of  two  hundred  million  cubic  feet  an- 
nually. 

The  city  is  now  paying  less  than  one  dollar  per 
thousand  feet  for  lighting  the  streets,  the  consum- 
ers having  a  graduated  scale  of  prices  from  $1.50 
to  $1.70  per  thousand  cubic  feet,  with  an  average 
power  of  seventeen  candles. 

Following  are  the  names  of  the  officers  and 
directors  of  the  company  from  1868  to  1886: 

PRESIDENTS. 

1868-71.  *Joseph  W.  Cooper.  1874^-81.  *Je83e  W.  Starr. 

1871-74.  *Wm.  D.  Cooper.  1881.  Benjamin  F.  Archer. 

DIRECTORS. 

1868-72.  *Joaeph  W.  Cooper,  *Je88e  W.  Starr,  *Wm.  D.  Cooper, 
Wm.  Stiles  and  Wistar  Morris. 

1872-74.  *Wm.  D.  Cooper,  *JeBse  W.  Starr,  Wm.  Stiles,  Benj.  F. 
Archer  and  *Charle8  Wheeler. 

1874-75.  *Wm.  D.  Cooper,  *Jesae  W.  Starr,  Benj.  P.  Archer  and 
♦Charles  Wheeler. 

1875-81.  Jesse  W.  Starr,  *Charle8  Wheeler,  Benj.  F.  Archer, 
*Jesse  Smith  and  Samuel  C.  Cooper. 

1881-83.  Benj.  F.  Archer,  *CharleB  Wheeler,  *JeBBe  Smith,  Sam- 
uel C.  Cooper  and  *Simeon  T.  Ringel. 

1883-84.  Benj.  F.  Archer,  *Charles  Wheeler,  Samuel  C.  Cooper, 
♦Simeon  T.  Einge!  and  Charles  Watson. 

1884^85.  Benj.  F.  Archer,  Samuel  C.  Cooper,  *Simeon  T.  Ringel, 
Charles  Watson  and  Wm.  Helme. 

1885-86.  Benj.  F.  Archer,    Samuel   C.    Cooper,    Charles  Watson, 
Wm.  Helme  and  Richard  Fetters  Smith. 
♦Deceased. 

SECRETARIES  AND  TREASURERS. 

1868-74.  Wm.  Stiles.  1874.  Charles  Watson. 

SUPERINTENDENTS. 

1868-70.  0.  W.  Goodwin,  W.  H.  McFadden  and  J.  fl.  Beitler. 
1879.  Wm.  G.  Hufty. 

CASHIER. 

1879,  George  F.  Archer. 

The  Street  Railway. — Until  1850,  when  the 
population  of  Camden  exceeded  nine  thousand, 
public  conveyances,  to  carry  persons  from  one 
point  to  another  at  a  fixed  rate,  were  almost  un- 
known, and  there  was  little  occasion  for  them. 
There  were  three  centres  of  population,  each  near 
a  ferry,  to  and  from  which  nearly  all  travel  was 
directed.  The  settlement  of  Coopers  Hill,  how- 
ever, midway  between  the  middle  and  lower 
ferries,   caused  a  demand    for  some    method  of 


546 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


conveying  passengera  from  the  ferries,  and  hacks 
were  ready,  on  the  arrival  of  the  boats,  to 
take  to  their  homes  such  as  chose  to  avail 
themselves  of  the  opportunity.  The  customary 
fare  was  twelve  and  a  half  cents,  but  beyond  cer- 
tain arbitrary  bounds  the  charge  was  twenty-five 
cents.  James  Elwell  put  on  a  line  of  light  onini 
buses,  drawn  by  two  horses.  It  was  not  until  1871 
when  the  population  of  the  city  had  reached  thirty 
thousand,  that  the  Camden  Horse  Railroad  Com- 
pany laid  tracks  and  began  to  run  cars.  A  charter 
was  received  in  1866,  the  incorporators  being  John 
Hood,  A.  B.  Frazee,  John  R.  Graham,  John  8. 
Read,  Jesse  Smith,  Albert  W.  Markley,  Isaac  W. 
Nicholson,  James  M.  Scovel,  William  S.  Scull, 
William  Brice,  Abraham  W.  Nash,  Henry  Fred- 
ericks and  Charles  Townsend.  The  company  or- 
ganized by  electing  John  R.  Graham  president, 
and  John  Hood  secretary  and  treasurer.  The 
other  directors  were  A.  B.  Frazee,  John  S.  Read 
and  Charles  Townsend.  The  capital  stock  of 
fifty  thousand  dollars  was  subscribed,  but  confi- 
dence in  the  success  of  the  enterprise  was  want- 
ing, and  many  of  the  subscribers  withdrew  their 
stock.  John  Hood  persevered.  In  1871  Col- 
onel Thomas  McKeen  entered  the  company  and 
was  made  treasurer.  He  at  once  infused  new  life 
into  the  enterprise  and  subscribed  liberally  of  hi 
means.  The  first  tracks  were  laid  from  the  Fed. 
eral  Street  Ferry  to  Fourth  Street  and  Kaighn 
Avenue,  via  Federal  Street  and  Fifth,  and  the  first 
cars  were  run  November  23,  1871. 

In  1872  the  Market  Street  and  North  Second 
Street  lines  were  constructed,  connecting  with  the 
West  Jersey  Ferry.  The  following  year  the  South 
Second  Street  line,  connecting  the  Federal  Street 
Ferry  with  the  Eighth  Ward,  at  Broadway  and 
Emerald  was  built.  In  1877  the  company  built 
another  line  from  the  Federal  Street  Ferry,  via 
Federal,  Second  and  Stevens,  Broadway  and  Clin- 
ton and  Sixth  to  Walnut,  and  extended  their 
track  to  the  Kaighns  Point  Ferry,  giving  a  total  of 
nine  miles  of  track. 

In  1872  John  R.  Graham  withdrew,  and  Thomas 
A.  Wilson,  entering  the  board,  was  made  presi- 
dent. Thomas  McKeen  acted  as  treasurer  until 
his  death,  in  1883,  when  John  Hood  became 
treasurer  and  Wilbur  F.  Rose  secretary.  Mr. 
Hood  has  been  superintendent  since  the  time  of 
organization.  The  company  owns  twenty-six  cars, 
eighty-five  horses,  aud  gives  employment  to  fifty- 
six  persons,  whose  annual  pay-roll  amounts  to 
$23,000.  The  cost  of  the  road  and  its  equipments 
was  $126,273;  the  receipts  for  the  past  year  were 
$52,296;  and  expenditures,  $47,712. 


The  officers  for  1886  are  President,  Thomas  A. 
Wilson ;  Secretary,  Wilbur  P.  Rose ;  Treasurer 
and  Superintendent,  John  Hood;  Auditors,  Cal- 
vin S.  Crowell,  W.  F.  Rose;  Clerk,  Thomas  A. 
Wilson,  Jr.   Foreman,  Charles  Fisher. 

Citizens  Coach  Company. — On  July  29, 1876, 
William  S.  Scull,  Henry  B.  Wilson,  George  E. 
Wilson,  Horace  Hammell,  Ebenezer  Westcott 
and  Robert  S.  Kaighn  filed  articles  of  incorpora- 
tion with  the  county  clerk  as  the  Citizens'  Coach 
Company,  and  established  a  line  of  coaches,  run- 
ning from  the  Federal  Street  Ferry  to  the  Kaighns 
Point  Ferry,  by  way  of  Federal  Street,  Broadway 
and  Kaighn  Avenue.  Other  lines  were  established 
from  Market  Street  Perry  to  various  points  in  the 
First  and  Second  Wards,  and  along  Stevens  and 
Fourth  Streets  to  Kaighn  Avenue.  These  have 
,  been  withdrawn,  and  the  first-mentioned  line  only 
is  running. 

The  Telephone  was  introduced  into  Cam- 
den, in  August,  1879,  by  Watson  Depuy,  president, 
J.  J.  Burleigh,  secretary,  treasurer  and  manager, 
and  Heber  C.  Robinson,  superintendent  of  the 
South  Jersey  Telegraph  Company,  the  first  ex- 
change telephone  being  placed  for  George  R. 
Danenhower,  Broadway  and  Kaighn  Avenue, 
August  15th  of  that  year,  and  private  lines  were 
placed  between  the  City  Hall  and  Simeon  Ringel's 
pharmacy.  Second  and  Market;  Martin  Gold- 
smith's pharmacy,  Second  and  Pine;  and  fire- 
engine  house  No.  2,  at  Fifth  and  Arch  Streets. 
The  First  National  and  National  State  Banks, 
Camden  Safe  Deposit  Company,  Joseph  Camp- 
bell's canning-factory  on  Second  Street  and  others 
followed.  The  office  was  with  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Company,  on  Third  Street  north  of 
Federal.  Citizens  and  business  men,  however, 
were  slow  in  appreciating  the  great  advantages  of 
the  telephone,  and  when  the  company  had  been 
merged  into  the  Delaware  and  Atlantic  Telegraph 
and  Telephone  Company,  in  1882,  and  the  man- 
agement placed  in  the  hands  of  Charles  A.  Janke, 
in  May,  1883,  the  patrons  numbered  but  fifty-four. 
By  energy  the  business  was  extended  rapidly  and 
success  was  assured.  The  exchange  was  removed 
to  the  building  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Second 
and  Market  Streets,  where  room  was  found  for  the 
increasing  wants  of  the  enterprise.  Connection  is 
now  had  with  all  prominent  points  within  a  radius 
of  forty  miles,  and  arrangements  are  being  made 
to  make  the  radius  one  hundred  miles.  The  ex- 
change subscribers  number  two  hundred  and  fifty, 
with  eighteen  private  wires  and  fifteen  public  sta- 
tions. One  hundred  and  fifty  miles  of  wire  inter- 
sect the  city  in  all  directions,  and  are  being  ex- 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


547 


tended  as  demanded,  and,  by  them,  instant  means 
of  communication  are  provided  for  physicians) 
public  officials  and  business  men,  while  the  Fire 
Department  has  often  found  the  telephone  an  in- 
valuable adjuuct  to  the  fire-alarm  system.  The 
Western  Electric  is  the  system  in  use.  For  the  year 
1886  the  officers  and  the  Camden  attaches  of  the 
company  are:  President,  James  Merrihew;  Treas- 
urer, George  S.  Iredell  ;  Superintendent,  William 
T.  Westbrook;  Secretary  and  Manager,  Charles  A. 
Janke;  Inspectors,  A.  B.  Depuy  and  Charles  E. 
Opdycke;  Lineman,  Warren  Morgan;  and  four 
lady  operators,  whose  calls  number  twelve  hundred 
daily.     The  exchange  is  open  day  and  night. 

Building  and  Building  Associations. — The 
remarkable  growth  of  Camden  is  exhibited  in  sta" 
tistics  given  at  the  outstart  of  its  history  in  this 
volume  and  it  seems  proper,  before  closing  the  last 
of  the  series  of  chapters  devoted  to  the  city,  to 
give  some  facts  concerning  the  manner  in  which 
the  fast-increasing  population  has  been  housed, 
and  the  men  who  have  been  foremost  in  perform- 
ing the  work.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  full  and 
accurate  statistics  of  the  building  operations  of  the 
last  twenty  or  thirty  years  are  not  attainable,  but 
in  their  absence  some  indication  of  the  constantly 
accelerating  growth  of  the  city  and  increase  in  the 
number  of  homes  may  be  procured  from  the  record 
of  building  permits.  The  first  appears  to  have  ^ 
been  issued  on  August  6,  1859,  and  during  the  en- 
suing year,  or  up  to  August  22,  1860,  the  number 
granted  was  sixty-nine.  From  this  time  on,  for 
one  decade,  the  number  issued  in  each  year  (from 
August  to  August)  was  as  follows : 

1860-61 33 

1861-62 75 

1862-63 123 

1863-6t 113 

186t-65 148 

1865-66 91 

1866-67 85 

1867-68 229 

1868-69  (October) 283 

Total  for  ten  years 1180 

The  figures  for  the  next  decade  show  a  consider- 
able increase : 

1869  to  May  24,  1871  (estimated) 235 

1871  (May  21th  to  December  3 1st) 186 

1872 325 

1873 339 

1874 362 

1875 406 

1876 352 

1877 368 

1878 276 

1879 319 

1880 325 

Total  for  ten  years 3258 


Since  1880  the  number  of  permits  issued  each 
year  has  been  as  follows  : 

1881 483 

1882 189 

1883 , 263 

1884 377 

1885 372 

1886  (to  November  5th) 464 

Total  for  six  yeai-s 2138 

The  total  number  of  building  permits  issued 
during  twenty-seven  years  has  been  six  thousand 
five  hundred  and  seventy-six,  and  the  number  for 
the  decade  which  will  close  with  the  year  1890 
bids  fair  to  equal  or  exceed  that  for  the  preceding 
one.  These  figures,  however,  give  an  inadequate 
idea — but  little  more  than  a  suggestion — of  the 
remarkable  activity  of  the  city  builders.  Building 
permits  are  issued  for  the  making  of  additions  and 
alterations  in  many  instances,  and  then  again,  one 
permit  may  grant  authority  for  the  construction  of 
a  dozen  or  a  score  of  houses,  and,  in  fact,  there  is 
one  instance  in  which  as  many  as  twenty-seven 
dwellings  were  built  under  one  license.  The  num- 
ber of  permits  issued  for  the  year  ending  Novem- 
ber 5,  1886,  was  about  five  hundred,  but  a  careful 
estimate  made  by  a  well-informed  builder  places 
the  number  of  houses  erected  during  that  period 
at  seven  hundred  and  fifty,  and  it  is  probable  that 
these  figures  exhibit  about  the  same  ratio  which 
has  prevailed  between  the  number  of  permits  and 
the  number  of  buildings  actually  erected  during 
the  past  fifteen  or  sixteen  years. 

Nearly  all  of  the  building  operations  which  have 
transformed  Camden  from  a  village  into  a  city 
have  been  carried  on  by  what  may  be  called  whole- 
sale systems  or  legitimately  speculative  enterprise. 
Builders  erect  whole  blocks  and  in  some  instances 
several  blocks  of  dwellings,  and  either  sell  outright 
to  investors,  who  rent  the  houses  separately,  sell 
directly  to  those  who  intend  making  themselves 
homes,  or  rent  to  the  same  class.  Not  one  house 
in  a  hundred  is  built  at  present  by  the  man  who 
contemplates  becoming  its  occupant,  and,  indeed, 
unless  one  wishes  an  elaborate,  permanent  house, 
and  is  comparatively  indifferent  to  expense,  there 
is  little  incentive  for  individual  enterprise,  for  the 
builders  carrying  on  large  operations,  with  their 
facilities  for  procuring  stone,  brick  and  lumber  at 
wholesale  prices,  can  erect  houses  at  far  less  cost 
than  the  man  who  builds  only  one. 

A  large  proportion  of  the  houses  erected  in  the 
past  few  years  have  been  bought  or  are  rented  by 
men  doing  business  in  the  down-town  and  river- 
front portions  of  Philadelphia,  who  have  found 
that  they  can  live  here  more  comfortably  and  eco- 
nomically than  in  the  other  city.     Many  of  them 


548 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


buy  on  ensy  terms,  ami  otiiprs  rout  at  much  lower 
rates  than  they  could  procure  similar  houses  for 
iu  Philadelphia.  The  ordiuary  (wo-story  Camden 
house  is  rented  for  about  fifteen  d(dlarsper  mouth, 
a  good  three-story  house  can  be  had  for  from 
twenty  to  thirty  dollars  and  a  house  of  tl\e  better 
class  for  from  thirty  to  sixty  dollars  per  mouth. 
Notwithstanding  the  rapidity  with  which  houses 
have  arisen  in  the  past  ten  or  fifteen  years,  there 
has  been  no  glut  in  the  market,  all  being  taken  as 
fast  as  they  are  completed. 

Building  in  Camden  has  been  greatly  stimulated 
by  the  policy  of  the  managers  of  the  estate 
of  Richard  M.,  Abigail  and  Esther  Cooper. 
They  have  advanced  money  to  various  builders  for 
the  purpose  of  making  improvements  on  their 
property,  and  within  the  past  ten  years  as  uuuiy 
as  seven  or  eight  hundred  houses  have  been  erect- 
ed by  their  aid.  These  are,  for  tlie  most  part, 
dwellings  of  the  medium  size,  and  they  are  mostly 
located  in  the  Second  and  Fourth  Wards,  between 
the  Delaware  and  Sixth  Street,  and  bounded 
north  and  south  by  Pearl  and  Penn  Streets. 
Nearly  all  have  been  sold.  Alwiit  eighty  are  now 
in  process  of  construction,  the  money  employed 
being  loaned  by  the  estate. 

Among  the  builders  of  Camden  are  several  who 
have  erected  five  or  six  hundred  houses  each.  The 
heaviest  operators  are  undoubtedly  C!ohn  &  Rob- 
erts, Wilson  Ernst  and  George  Moll.  Fine  exani])les 
of  the  work  of  the  firm  first  named  are  to  be  seen  on 
Front  and  Point  Streets,  between  t^ioper  and 
Linden.  Mr.  E.  N.  Cohn  commenced  building  in 
1866,  erecting  in  that  year  twelve  hou.ses  on  Pearl 
Street,  fie  then  continued  putting  up  blocks  a.nd 
separate  structures,  operating  ahme  and  in  con- 
nection with  Charles  B.',  Richard  and  Asa,  It. 
Cox,  and  building  not  less  than  on(^  hundred  and 
fifty  houses.  He  also  erected  the  Pliel  ^  (Jalt/, 
building,  which  wa.s  burned.  In  I8S2  ho  Foruu-d 
a  partnership  with  Joseph  E.  Roberts,  who,  indi- 
vidually, had  built  about  two  hundred  houses,  and 
as  a  firm  they  have  since  constructed  at  least  (bur 
hundred  and  fifty  dwellings,  to  which  line  of 
building  they  devote  themselves  exclusively. 

George  lloll,  who  has  boon  engaged  in  building 
for  eighteen  years,  has  (greeted  from  four  to  l\\n\ 
hundred  houses,  prin(^i pally  in  the  central  part  of 
the  city.  They  are  nearly  all  of  what  may  be  de- 
nominated the  medium  class,  in  size  and  preten- 
sions. His  brother,  Lewis  T.  lloll,  has  built  many 
houses  in  the  lower  part  of  town. 

Wilson  Ernst  has  been  actively  engaged  since 
187(i,  and  about  four  hundred  buildings,  chiefly 
dwellings,  attest  his  enterprise. 


Cox  Hrothers,  individually  and  together,  have 
built  from  five  to  six  hundred  houses,  the  greater 
proportion  being  small  oiu's. 

Iteubeu  S.  Cross  has  been  in  Camden  forty- 
two  years  and  engaged  in  building  for  thirty-eight 
years,  during  which  period  he  has  erected  nuuiy 
dwellings,  one  church,  a  school-house  and  several 
factories  and  mills. 

Randal  E.  Morgan,  ex-sheritf,  during  the  past 
fourteen  years,  has  built  over  two  hundred  struc- 
tures, including  dwellings,  stores,  etc.,  about  one- 
half  of  them  in  ccmnection  with  other  parties  and 
one-half  as  his  individual  enterprise. 

M.  E.  Harden  has  built  over  six  hundred  dwell- 
ings of  diH'erent  kinds  and  sizes,  from  the  largest 
to  the  smallest,  about  fifty  stores  and  oHiees,  three 
sash  and  door  mills,  the  Iveystone  Chemical 
Company's  building,  three  churches,— the  First 
Presbyterian,  Third  Baptist  and  Roman  ('atholic, 
at  Broadway  and  Ferry  Streets, — also  the  Stevens, 
Wickes,  Mnlford  and  Richard  Fetters  school 
buildings  and  the  colored  school  building  in  the 
lOighlh  Ward. 

.1.  F.  Dorman  has  built  many  houses,  operating 
individually,  and  about  thirty  with  ,1.  M. 
Davis,  under  the  firm-name  of  Dcu'man  (V;.  Davis. 
Mr.  Davis,  individually,  during  a  [leriod  of  six 
years,  has  put  up  about  one  hundred  buildings, 
six  of  which  were  large  stores,  thirteen  factories, 
one  ferry-house  (at  Kaighns  Point)  and  two 
eliurches,  while  most  of  the  remainder  were  com- 
modious and  handsomo  dwellings. 

.\niong  other  extensive  builders  and  contrac- 
tors are  Robert  Kaighn  (who  has  operated 
principally  in  the  I'lighth  Ward),  William  Mead 
(of  whom  a  sketch  is  given),  .lohn  Schnusc,  Scud- 
der  &  Budd,  .Joseph  Butcher,  .lolin  C.  Rogers, 
Thomas  Howell,  William  Keen,  C.  C.  Williams, 
W.  B.  Mulford,  William  Severus,  .lohn  Stcnu', 
Reuben  B.  (lolc,  J.  M.  Bo/.arth,  K,  P.  Torbert, 
.lanu's  A.  Coulter,  .losiah  P,  Beckett,  William  T. 
Fortiuer,  William  V.  Hoover,  Isaac  (\  Hielman, 
James  Maguire,  David  Dummis,  S.  II.  Morton, 
E.  Lippincott,  Samuel  Maines,  T,  M.  Moore,  A.  J. 
Richards,  I).  (1.  Itcyburu,  W.  B.  Smith,  W.  H. 
Taylor,  C.  (!.  Williams,  Aaron  Ward,  Thomas 
Jones  and  (leorge  E.  Blensiuger. 

Wi  1,1,1  AIM  T.  Mk,U)  is  a  descendant  of  .leremiah 
Mead  ami  his  wife,  .lohauncs  Dungan,  who  emi- 
grated from  lOuglaiul  early  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  ami  settled  at  llorseneck,  or  Greenwich, 
(.lonnecticnt.  Their  smi  .leremiah,  who  lived  in 
Ridgclield,  was  nuirried  tliree  times,  his  first  wife 
being  Martha,  daught(^r  of  Samuel  and  Norah  St. 
John,   of  Pimpewaug,   and   their   marriage   took 


.j^'^-^' 


^^/xu^ 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


549 


place  February  17,  1779.  His  second  wife  was 
Eachel,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Mary  Smith,  by 
whom  he  had  two  children, — Rachel  and  Patty  ; 
aud  after  the  death  of  this  wife,  he  was  married, 
October  6,  1784,  to  Betty  W.  Whitney,  by  whom 
he  had  nine  children, — Lewis,  Hepsey,  Jeremiah, 
Matthew,  Seth,  Samuel,  Betty,  Harvey  and  Whit- 
ney. Most  of  the  family  remained  in  Connecticut, 
but  Harvey,  who  was  born  in  Eidgefield,  Connec- 
ticut, April  11,  1790,  moved  when  a  young  man  to 
New  York,  where,  on  September  11,  1821,  he  was 
married  to  Rebecca  Spenser,  by  whom  he  had  six 
children,— Samuel  Spenser,  Seth  Whitney,  Har- 
vey, Amanda,  Ann  Elizabetli  and  Rebecca.  His 
wife  died  on  February  28,  1834. 

On  March  2, 1836,  Harvey  was  married,  a  second 
time,  to  Julia  Ann  Hoffman,  whose  maiden-name 
was  Glassby ;  she  was  born  in  Camden.  By  her  he 
had  six  children, — William  T.,  Harvey,  Henry, 
Catherine  M.,  Charles  A.  and  Julia  Ann.  Mrs. 
Mead  died  December  4,  1853,  and  Mr.  Mead,  June 
20,  1864. 

William  T.  Mead  was  born  in  Bucks  County, 
Pa.,  near  Bristol,  October  2,  1887,  and  came  to 
Philadelphia  with  his  father  in  1840,  thence  to 
Camden  in  1 845.  At  the  early  age  of  ten  years  he 
was  placed  for  one  season  on  a  farm ;  afterwards  he 
learned  brick-making  with  Peter  Stetser,  and  at 
the  age  of  fifteen  was  apprenticed  to  Thomas  A. 
Wilson,  to  learn  the  trade  of  a  carpenter  and 
builder,  and  completed  it  under  him.  On  21st  of 
March,  1859,  he  was  married  to  Maria  Norman, 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Sarah  Haywood  Stetser, 
by  whom  he  had  seven  children, — Joseph  Stetser, 
William  C,  Alexander  H.  (deceased),  Frank  E., 
Carrie  E.,  George  L.  and  M.  Edna.  At  the  open- 
ing of  the  Civil  War  he  enlisted  in  Company  F, 
Fourth  New  Jersey  Veteran  Volunteer  Infantry, 
August  15,  1861.  He  served  in  General  Kearny's 
brigade,  and  participated  in  a  number  of  engage- 
ments, but  was  taken  prisoner,  June  27,  1862,  at 
the  battle  of  Gaines'  Mills,  Va.  He  then  endured 
the  hardships  of  prison  life  at  Libby  and  Belle  Isle 
until  exchanged,  in  August,  1862,  when  he  was 
sent  to  a  hospital  in  Philadelphia,  and  discharged 
therefrom,  December  19,  1862,  as  "unfit  for  ser- 
vice on  account  of  disability." 

In  April,  1874,  Mr.  Mead  began  his  successful 
career  as  builder  in  the  city  of  Camden,  where 
he  has  erected  many  private  dwellings,  school- 
houses  and  churches. 

In  religion,  Mr.  Mead  is  a  Methodist ;  in  politics, 

a  Democrat.    He  has  been  a  member  of  the  City 

Council  for  six  years,  and  also  a  member  of  the 

Board  of  Health,  and  no  one  has  shown  more  zeal  in 

66 


the  faithful  discharge  of  his  duties.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Order  of  American  Mechanics,  Knights 
of  Pythias,  of  Masonic  fraternity,  and  a  comrade 
of  Post  No.  5.  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic. 

In  the  occupation  of  builder  he  has  constructed 
many  buildings  which  have  added  largely  to  the 
improvement  and  attractive  appearance  of  the 
city  of  Camden. 

Building,  Loan  and  Savings  Associations. 
— These  associations  of  Camden  have  been  impor- 
tant factors  in  promoting  the  growth  of  the  city, 
and  have  assisted  many  worthy  citizens  to  the 
ownership  of  homes  or  given  them  financial  aid  in 
transacting  their  business.  The  moneys  handled 
by  them  count  into  the  millions  of  dollars.  Being 
thus  matters  of  public  interest,  a  list  of  the  prin- 
cipal institutions  of  this  kind  in  Camden  is  here 
presented. 

Artisan,  organized  December  10, 1873,  meets  the 
second  Wednesday  evening  in  every  month  at 
Wildey  Hall.  It  has  three  hundred  and  twenty- 
six  stockholders — one  thousand  shares,  par  value 
two  hundred  dollars ;  price  per  share,  one  dollar. 
Henry  F.  Geiter,  president ;  W.  B.  Mulford,  treas- 
urer ;  George  E.  Frye,  secretary.  This  is  the  secpnd 
association  by  this  name  in  Camden,  one  having 
successfully  wound  up  its  affaire  about  thirty 
years  ago,  having  been  a  single  series  association, 
of  which  John  I.  Davis  was  secretary  at  the  time 
of  its  winding  up,  which  was  done  satisfactorily 
to  all  concerned. 

The  Camden  Building  and  Loan  Association  was 
organized  July  25,  1867.  Five  hundred  and 
forty  stockholders  have  two  thousand  seven  hun- 
dred shares  ;  price  per  share,  one  dollar;  par  value, 
two  hundred  dollars.  Meets  the  fourth  Monday 
in  each  month  at  Wildey  Hall.  Mark  B.  Wills, 
president ;  Henry  F.  Geiter,  secretary ;  F.  P. 
Mulford,   treasurer. 

77ie  City,  organized  May  2,  1874,  has  two  hun- 
dred and  five  members.  It  meets  the  third  Saturday 
in  each  month  at  Read's  Hall.  Price  per  share, 
one  dollar ;  par  value,  two  hundred  dollars.  James 
M.  Cassady,  president ;  vice-president,  Edmund 
E.  Read,  Jr. ;  Volney  G.  Bennett,  treasurer ;  E. 
K.  Fortiner,  secretary. 

Dudley  Homestead  and  Building  Association  was 
incorporated  in  March,  1886 — Jehu  Evans,  secre- 
tary. No.  311  Market  Street ;  Charles  Bosch,  presi- 
dent; George  Leathwhite,  vice-president;  Harry 
D.  Longacre,  treasurer.  This  association  is  con- 
ducted upon  a  new  scheme.  Shares  are  sold  and 
the  lots  drawn  and  houses  built  by  the  association 
for  its  members.  No  collateral  security  is  required 
for  building  purposes.    The  total  number  of  shares 


550 


1118T0UY  OK  CAMOKN  BOUNTY,  NMW  .II-IKSKV, 


is  two   hinuluHl   iiiul  twontv,  ono-linll' of   which  V.  Soi\iors  KIsh-y,  siHToliiry  :  Williiim  T.  Hiiiioy, 

hiivo  boon   soUi.  tvoiisuror;   K.  A.  Anustronji',  solii-itor. 

r/ir     M,r/hUii,:-<'   and    Worl-iiKjiiinr.i.    ,.rir;miAHl  /'/«•  Kirrhior  IliilMiiiu  <vhI  I.md   .UMciathm,  ur- 

Kolini:iry  ->;">,  lS7t,  moots  tho  fourth  Snliiraiiy   in  s"'"'"'''  '">   •'"'>'•  I'^^TO,  moots   lust   Friiliiy  In  onoh 

ovoi-y  month  ill  i;o!\a's  IImU.     I'noo  poi- sliaro,  ono  montli  :il   (Vntiiil   Uiill.     Till' vtihu-,  two   luin.iivd 

dolhir;  p:n-  v:ilno,  two   hiimlnul   .lolhii-s.     .losoi'h  .tolh\rs,     Tlio  prioo  i>oi- slmi'o  is  lilly  oonis,  monlli- 

lintolioi-,    pvosidoni;  John   lUnr,  lro:isnvov  ;  t\   .1.  ly.     P.  Souiors   llisloy,  pi'osi(h>nt;   K.lmnn<l  Miiy, 

Minos,  vioo-i>i-osiaonl  ;   fliiiilos  11.   Kollon,  sooio-  soorotJiry :  01\!U'los  Oix,  (roiisnivi';  T.  .1.  MidiUo- 

tiivy,  Sixliumirodmonilioisholil  twolhonsiuui  tmo  ton,  solioitor.     Tho   nunilior   of  niombore  is  two 

hululiva  slnuos.  humiro.1  imd  lllly, 

T/ir  Mii/iia/.  oriiMni/.oil  April  lo,  ISTl',  mo<>ls  tho  T/ir  Fi^Ulitii  liiiildiiHi  <vi<i  /.oaii  Anfi^nittioii  wns 

liist  Wodnosdny  in  om'h  month  !it  No.   -iOT  MiirUot  orpmi/o.l   I'Vhrniwy  lli,  18Sa.     Monthly  pnynionts 

Stivol.     Tho  lirioo   por  sh.'ii-o   is  ono   ilolliir  ;  \\s\v  m'O  nnulo  of  lifty  oonts  porshni'o;  pur  vjiluo,  two 

vmImo,  two  hnmlmlilollius,     Kiulolph  W.  liinlsoll,  luimlnMl  ,lolli\rs  por  slinro.     K.  O.  I  loollioh,  prosi- 

prosiilont;  Wiiltor  M.    P;itton,  IronsMivv ;  ,1.    Wil-  ilont;   IVnioso  W.  llirKt,  vioo-prositlont :  Williiim 

hud  Moriviui,  sooroliu-y.  O.  lloiinoy,  sooroliivy  ;  'I'.  .1.   Miihlloton,  solioitor. 

Tilt:   y,'irl,»i  Toinialii/i,  ori;iini/,oil  Maivh  1,  IS(;'.>,  Moots  ovory  soooml  h'ri.liiy  in  onoh  nunith  iitlVn- 

moots  Iho  lii-st  Monday  in  onoh  monlli  at  I'lat  Iron  tral  Hall. 

llotol.     Horniaii   A.  ilolmboUl,   prosiilont;   11.  li.  T/ii'    Frnnk/lit,   organi/.od    Soptomhor   10,    IS7!t, 

Wilson,  troasuror;  ,1.   Willard  Morgan,   soorotary.  moots    tho    first     f^illiirdiiy    in     ovory    month    at 

T/iv    Aorfh    Ciiiiitlfti.    cn-,nani/,od  Novombor     10,  Koad's  1  lall.     Tho  prioo  poi' sliaro  is   ono  dollar; 

1S7SI,  moots  lit  Mann's  Hall,  No.  !Mi  North  Sooond  (lar  v.alno,  two  hnndrod  didhirs.     .iamoa  M.  Oubbh- 

Strcot,   on   tho  aooond    Monday    in   oaoh    month.  day,  (iroaitlonl  ;   I'l.  K.  Korlinor,   soorotary;  V,  G. 

Trioo  por   sharo,   tmo  dollar  ;  par  vaino,  two  hnn-  Honnoll,    Iroasnror.     Nninbor   of    momhors,   four 

drod   dollars.     .lamos    Iv.    t'ar.son,    [uvsidont;     1».  hnndrod  and  twonty-llvo. 

Somors  Kisloy,  soorotary  ;  William  T.  liailoy,  Iroas-  Tlin    (/t'niKiii    Vni/iiniiiil    lliiililiiit)   lUiii    Suviii;) 

uror;   K.    A.  ,\nnstroni>-,  scdioilor.  Fund   .I.wk'/k^/ik*,  in'(;aiiizod,  April  lA,  I87(i,  moots 

Till'    I'coji/i's,   ori;'ani/.od   Maroli    'J,  IS7I,  moots  at    lloilman's    Hall    on    tho  sooond   Thursday  of 

on     first    Wodiiosday     in    oaoh     moiilh    at    Wil-  ovory  month.     (!oor(;o   I'foill'or  is  prosidont ;  J.  IJ. 

doy  Hall.     Tho  prioo  por  sharo  is  ono  dollar  ;   p.ar  Woyll,  sorrolary  ;   and    .lidin   lloilman,  troiisurer, 

vaIno,  two  hnndrod   dollars,     .bmalhaii    OnlUold,  'I'ho    nnndior   of  momln'rs   is    four   hundrod   and 

prosidont  ;    Charlos   11.    I'Vlton,  soorolary  ;   10.    K.  twonly-fivo. 

Forlinor,  troasuror  ;  I'Inos  nismiint,  vioo-prosidont.  Tlif   Liliiiiij   I'tirl-    Miiliiit/   lloiiirn/i'iiil,  A'o. 'J,  or- 

!!^ix  hnndrod  momhors    ludd  two  Ihonsaml  shiiros.  j?anizod  April  "JO,  ISSfi,  has  ono  hnndrod  and  sixly- 

Tlif  iSiiiilli.  W'lird  Hidliliiiii  iiihl  l.ihiii   .\x.tiiriiitiiiii,  ihroo  momhors.     I(s  ollioors  aro  Oodfroy  Kooblor, 

orjfani/.od  in  May,  IS,''i7,  moots  llu>  sooond  Monday  [irosidont;    11.    t'islor,   vioo-prosidont ;  A,  Bollk'S- 

in   oai'h   month   al    Wildoy    Hall.     Tho   prioo  por  inn'or,  soorotary;   A.   Hliouor,  troasurw;    Williiim 

sharo,  ono  dollar  ;  par  valiio,  two  hnndrod  dollars.  S.  tiassolman,  sidioitor;   10.  A.  Arnmlrong',  trustoo. 

II.  M.  Sharp,  prosidont;  SamnoU'.    Nowlon,  soo-  'I'nt!  Diiiro  Hiisinkww  in  (Iamdion.' — Many  yoar» 

rotary  ;  'I'homas  Mory woatlior,  Iroasnror.  an'o,  wdion  Camdon  was  a  villa);o,  tlio  only  plaoolo 

Tlif    lloiiirnti'Kil,  orn'aniz.od    Dooombor   UO,  bS.Sli,  piirohaso  modioino  was  at  tliii  ollioo  of  Or.  iSamiiol 

moots  Iho  lliird  Mcmday  in  oaoh  month  at   No.  -Ill  Harris,  who  omnmonood  praotioo  about  tlio  your 

Nin-th  Third  iSlroot.     I'rioo  por  sharo,  (nu>  dollar  ;  If^ll.     Hiko  many  doctor's  olllooa  in  oounlry  vil- 

par  valno,   two  hnndrod  dollars.     ,1.  .1.  Hni'loif^li,  lagi's,  his  was  i>nlargod  to  tho  dimonaionBof  11  Hmilll 

prosidiait ;    Charlos    II.    l'\'ltim,  soorotary  ;   1<.   T.  storo,  onablinj^- him  to  deal  out  tho  many  romodlos 

Um-onsso,  triMiauror;  10.   A.  ArmslroiiK,  solioitin-.  oallod  for  by  familioH.     Hi\  first  roaidod  in  Iho  old- 

77k:  TriiilcHiiifii'n   lliii/iliiiij  anil   Liutn   .tKnuriiilioii,  l'ashion<>d     throo-slory    briidc     Imildiiin    No.    122 

moots  first  Saturday  in  oaoh  month  alCoiitral  Hall,  I'oopor  Siroot,  bolow  Si>oinid.     Ho  moved  llioiioo 

Huiijamin  C  Uoovo,   prosidont;  .loaopli  (1.    Nioli-  into    tho    two-abiry   i'oiif;;h-oiiHt   Inmso    northoast 

oils,  soorotary;  Ann'iislns  Hoovo,  Iroasnror;  Martin  o.m'iior  of  Socond  and  ( ■ooiiorSlroots.  Aiyoiniiin  llio 

V.  HorKon,  solicitor.  roar  i)\'  tho  house,  anil   Ironliiiffou  Sooond  Stl'oot, 

Tliif  lu^oiiiiiiii/,  orj!;ani/.od  .laniiiiry  'J.'l,  lHH'2,  mods  was  a  oiio-story  IVmno  lioiiso,  ocoiipiod  as  his  oIlloo, 

tho  fourth  Monday  in  each  month  at  Miinii's  Hall.  mid  so  continuod  until    (ho  day  id'  his  doiUh,  No- 

Tho  price  per  sharo  is  ono  diillar  ;  par  value,  two  vembor 'J7,  ISIJi, 

luinilred    dollars.      .lames    It.   (iarson,   prosiilont;  '  lij  \.  w. 'iv«l,  M.n.                       '     '' 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


551 


The  other  druggists  engaged  in  business  here 
have  been  the  following: 

freedom  S.  Shinn,  M.D.,  northwest  corner  of  Second  and  Plum 
Streets,  from  1812  or  1813  to  1821. 

John  Kowan  Sickler,  M.D.,  Fedeml  Street,  near  the  ferry,  March 
25,  1832,,  to  April  14,  1834. 

Joseph  Kane,  M.D.,  and  David  Smith,  M.D.,  northwest  corner  of 
Third  and  Plum  Streets,  May,  1834.  Dr.  Smith  left  the  firm  early  in 
1835,  and  in  March,  of  the  sniue  year,  it  v/as  bought  by  James 
Boberts,  M.D.,  and  Joseph  C.  De  Laoour.  Six  months  afterwards  Dr. 
Roberts  left  the  firm,  and  Mr.  De  Lacour  moved,  jOotober  17, 1869,  to 
the  southwest  corner,  opposite. 

A.  M.  &  Eleazer  Cohen,  No.  216  Federal  Street,  above  Second, 
Miirch,  1839,  to  December,  1843. 

George  Hollingshead,  No.  207  Federal  Street,  above  Second,  spring 
of  1846  ;  moved  fall  of  same  year  to  northeast  corner  of  Third  and 
I'lnm  Streets.    Discontinued  fall  of  1846. 

lUis  B.  Hall,  uortheast  corner  Third  and  Plum  Streets,  spring  of 
1846  ;  March,  1849,  bought  by  Joseph  B.  StrafTord,  M.D.  ;  afterwards 
bought  by  his  sons,  M.  H.  4  James  B.,  who  moved,  in  spring  of  1861, 
to  818  South  Thil-d  Street,  thence  in  spring  of  1852  to  southwest  cor- 
ner of  Third  and  Sprace,  thence,  in  June,  1866,  to  Gloucester. 

James  C.  Morgan,  No.  212  Jliirket  Street,  above  Second,  April  8, 
1848 ;  moved  to  southwest  corner  of  Second  and  Market  Streets, 
April,  1849  ;  bought  by  Simon  T.  Kingel,  August,  1861 ;  succeeded 
by  Daniel  J .  Fatten,  July,  1881,  and  by  the  latter's  clerk,  Charles  B. 
Slough,  June,  1884. 

John  E.  Cresson,  northwest  corner  Second  and  Bridge  Avenue, 
April  13,  1848  ;  boughtby  Kichard  W.  Test,  October  lath,  same  year, 
who  moved  to  Federal  Street,  below  Secoud,  No.  1.30,  February  1, 
1853  ;  thence  to  northwest  corner  of  Second  and  Federal  Sta.,  Oct. 
23,  1867  ;  died  Juno  28, 1873  ;    succeeded  by  his  son,  Alfred  W.  Tost. 

Maier,  M.D.,  John  Loper,  agent,  southeast  corner  Fifth  and 

Walnut  Streets,  November,  1850,  the  latter  shortly  afterwards  be- 
coming owner;  bought  by  Sylvester  Birdsell,  M.D.,  November, 
1851 ;  moved  to  southwest  corner  of  Fourth  and  Walnut  Streets, 
December,  1867 ;  sold  to  his  son,  Eudolph  W.,  November  26,  1868  ; 
resold  to  the  doctor,  June  25,  1869  ;  bought  by  Maximillian  West, 
April  9, 1871,  who  sold  to  Sam.  W.  Cochran,  May  20,  1875 ;  bought  by 
Chas.  W.  Green,  M.D.,  Oct.  3,1879,  and  sold  to  J.  F.  Stock,  Aug,  1881. 

Thomas  S.  Bowand,  M.D.,  May,  1852,  northwest  corner  of  Fifth 
and  Federal  Streets  ;  boughtby  Henry  S.  Hund,  November 27,  1858  ; 
moved  to  eoutheaat  corner,  opposite,  November,  1800  ;  sold  to  Albert 
P.  Brown,  August  4, 1862. 

Joseph  C.  De  Lacour,  brancli  store,  George  House,  manager,  south- 
west corner  of  Fourth  and  Pine  Streets,  January,  1854,  the  latter  be- 
coming owner  July  1,  1866  ;  died  December  9,  1868  ;  his  clerk,  Wm. 
Dickson,  becoming  owner  October  1,  1859 ;  bought  by  Maximillian 
West  May  16, 1801 ;  followed  by  Alexander  Mecray,  M.D.,  January, 
1866 ;  Clarence  Schellinger,  Febmai-y  26,  1874  ;  Conrad  G.  Hoell, 
M.D.,  May  1, 1882 ;  William  W.  Kaighn,  September,  18S5. 

Joseph  Busy,  northeast  corner  Fourth  and  Chew  Streets,  summer 
of  1856  ;  closed  until  June  8,  1867,  when  it  was  bought  by  Augustus 
G.  Laurent,  who  moved  November26, 1859,  to  Chestnut  Street,  above 
Fourth,  and  soon  quit  the  business. 

Edmund  Franciscus,  southwest  corner  Third  and  Mickle  Streets, 
from  November,  1857,  to  February,  1858. 

Thomas  0.  Goldsmith,  M.D.,  comer  West  and  Hamilton  Streets,  in 
spring  of  1861 ;  in  May,  1866,  his  son  Martin,  to  whom  it  belonged, 
moved  it  to  the  southwest  corner  of  Secoud  and  Vine  Streets. 

Henry  S.  Hund,  No.  310  Federal  Street,  September,  1863  ;  sold  to 
F.  Scoffin,  M.D.,  December,  1801 ;  followed  by  James  A.  Armstrong, 
M.D.,  March  24,  1865 ;  Lyndon  M.  Pratt,  M.D.,  October  17,  1868, 
who  moved  to  334  Federal  Street  January  4, 1809,  and  discontinued 
October,  1883. 

Joseph  Eiley,  northeast  corner  Fourth  and  Mount  Vernon  Streets, 
October  16,  1805  ;  died  September  7,  1806;  29th  of  s-ame  month 
bought  by  Bobert  S.  Taylor,  M.D.,  and  James  M.  Bidge,  M.D.  In 
July,  1869,  Dr.  Rid;^o  loft  the  firm  aud  Dr.  Taylor  sold  to  his  son, 
William  G.,  January  1,  1873,  who  movi-.l  to  9113  South  Fourth 
Street ;  November    27,  1875,    removed   to  GloHsboro' ;    returned  to 


Camden  and  reopened  11th  of  following  December,  at  No.  905  South 
Fourth  Street,  next  door  to  old  location ;  died  April  8,  1877  ;  his 
father  moved  stock  and  fixtures  to  southeast  corner  Broadway  and 
Line  Streets,  June  12,  1877  ;  thence  to  southeast  corner  Sixth  and 
Walnut  Streets,  March,  1881. 

J.  G.  Lindgren,  M.D.,  Henry  S.  Hund,  agent,  southwest  corner 
Thii-d  and  Lino  Streets,  October  20,  1866 ;  bought  by  Thomas  B. 
Subere,  May  17, 1860,  who  sold  to  B.  C.  Yarnell  &  Co.,  early  in  Sep- 
tember, 1868  ;  on  the  23d  of  the  same  month  bought  by  William  F. 
Koche,  followed  by  Dilwyn  P.  I'ancoast,  M.D.,  August  10, 1869,  who 
moved  to  the  southeast  corner  of  Fifth  and  Roydon  Streets,  Novem- 
ber 10,  1809  ;  thence  to  northwest  corner  Fifth  and  Clinton,  March 
30,  1872. 

Samuel  and  Froderick  G.  Thomas,  northeast  corner  Fifth  and  Pine 
Streets,  June  25,  1880,  the  latter  becoming  owner  July  1,  WHO. 

Thomas  E.  Anrache,  M.D.,  northeast  corner  Fourth  and  Liberty 
Streets,  May  6,  1868  ;  moved  to  east  side  of  Broadway,  abovo  Flat- 
iron  Tavern,  March  25, 1809  ;  died  Jun6'24, 1873. 

John  A.  Mahon,  M.D.,  southeast  corner  Fillmore  and  Vanhook 
Streets,  April  1, 1807;  thence  to  southeast  corner  of  Kaighns  Point 
Avenue  and  Broadway,  October,  1807;  moved  to  No.  1134  Broad- 
way, April  8,  1869,  followed  by  Charles  A.  Baker,  M.D.,  January, 
1870 ;  J.  Kiegel  Haney,  M.D.,  June  28,  1871,  who  moved  to  445 
Kfiighus  Point  Avenue,  May  8, 1873  ;  thence  to  No.  451,  three  dooi-s 
above,  March  27,  1878. 

James  A.  Armstrong,  M.D.,  No.  309  Market  Street,  December  7, 
1808  ;  sold  to  Uriah  F.  Richards,  September  15,  1883. 

Gustave  A.  CuUen  and  James  M.  Bidge,  M.D.,  313  West  Street, 
below  Stevens,  October,  1869,  The  latter  left  the  firm  February  1, 
1871 ;  bought  by  Thomas  F.  Cnllen,  M.D.,  July  17, 1871,  Thomas  G. 
Bowand,  M.D. ,  being  superintendent,  becoming  proprietor  Blay  1, 
1874,  and  moved  to  southeast  corner  Fifth  and  Benson  Streets  August 
19,  1878. 

Winfield  S.  Plank,  No.  340  Kaighns  Point  Avenue,  February  7, 
1870,  followed  by  Eandal  W.  Morgan,  M.D.,  October  11, 1872,  who 
moved  to  corner  of  Newton  and  Kaighn  Point  Avenues,  August, 
1879  ;  sold  to  William  W.  Miller,  August  1,1883;  bought  by  H. 
Dubois,  February  11,  1885. 

S.  M.  Henry,  M.D.,  No.  305  Federal  Street,  June  4, 1870 ;  sold  out 
by  sheriff  the  following  17th  of  September. 

F.  Frank  Smith,  northeast  corner  Third  and  Linden  Streets,  Sep- 
tember 27,  1871 ;  closed  July  17, 1872  ;  sold  at  public  sale  13th  of 
August  following. 

J.  Erhman  Lehman,  southeast  corner  Eighth  and  Market  Streets, 
March  26,  1872. 

Emmor  H.  Lee,  northeast  corner  Third  and  Linden  Streets,  Sep- 
tember 1,  1872  ;  moved  to  southwest  corner  Fourth  and  Linden 
Streets,  February  4,  1875  ;  bought  by  mortgages,  at  public  sale, 
December  15,  1877,  and  carried  on  by  William  C.  Goodrich  &  Co., 
who  sold  to  Stanley  C.  Muschamp,  March  1,  1881. 

Herman  \V.  Miller,  southwest  corner  Eighth  and  Mount  Vernon 
Streets,  February  10,  1873. 

Mi-8.  Sarah  A.  Eidge  and  her  son,  Marshall  M.,  being  manager. 
No.  304  Mickle  Street,  December  22,  1873  ;  bought  by  Bowling 
Benjamin,  M.D.,  July  1,  1879,  who  resold  to  Mrs.  Ridge. 

William  H.  Ireland,  M.D.,  his  brother,  E.  Franklin,  being  mana- 
ger, northeast  corner  Second  and  York  Streets,  April,  1874  ;  sold  to 
George  D.  Borton,  October  26th,  same  year. 

Samuel  G.  Bagge,  southeast  corner  Broadway  and  Walnut  Street, 
July  3,  1874  ;  died  May  28,  1880,  and  succeeded  by  his  son,  Edward 
G.  Bagge. 

Eandal  W.  Morgan,  M.D.,  branch  store  on  Kaighn  Avenue,  be- 
low Second,  No.  132,  August  8,  1874 ;  moved  to  No.  127,  nearly  op- 
posite, August,  1876 ;  bought  by  Warren  S.  Thompson,  February  28, 
1877,  who  moved  to  No.  211  Kaighn  Avenue,  January  12,  1882. 

Henry  H.  Davis,  M.D.,  No.  305  Kaighn  Avenue,  August  23, 
1874  ;  moved  to  northwest  corner  Third  and  Kaighn  Ave'nue,  Sep- 
tember 23,  1876. 

William  A.  Fries,  M.D.,  No.  1134  Broadway,  April  28, 1875;  dis- 
continued the  followiug  December. 

T.rcmidas  H.  Strt-et,  southwest  corner  Third  and  Pearl  Streets,  July 
6,  1876. 


552 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


Henry  S.  Hund  &  Son,  Oscar  B.,  at  Schweinhagen'a  nail,  Newton 
ATenv.e,  below  Broadway,  August  V\  1875  ;  discontinued  February 
25,  1876. 

Winfield  S.  Plank,  southeast  corner  Third  and  Washington  Streets, 
November  16,  1876,  followed  by  John  V.  West,  March  17, 1876,  and 
William  A.  Davis,  M.D.,  .January  11,  1877,  and  moved  to  northwest 
corner,  opposite,  March  18,  1880. 

Jerome  A.  Eldridge,  northwest  corner  Third  and  Birch  Streets, 
March  17,  1876,  followed  by  Thomas  A.  Hazzard,  June  17th,  same 
year,  and  Samuel  C.  Burland,  M.D.,  October  14th  following,  and  on 
October  5,  1877,  it  was  discontinued. 

Dillwyn  P.  Pancoast,  M.D.,  branch  store  southwest  corner  Sixth 
and  Roydon  Streets,  June  2,  1876 ;  bought  by  John  S.  Whitwell, 
May  1,  1878 ;  died  May  1,  1882,  and  business  carried  on  by  his 
widow. 

Winfleld  S.  Plank,  No.  421  Kaighn  Avenue,  July  18,  1876 ; 
moved  to  southwest  corner  Fifth  and  Cherry  Streets,  September  30th, 
same  year,  end  returned  to  first  location  October  9th  ;  moved  again 
to  northeast  corner  Broadway  and  Clinton  Streets,  February  19, 
1877  ;  sold  to  H.  Allen  Eeed,  M.D.,  19th  of  June  following,  who 
moved  stock  and  fixtures  to  the  West,  March  5, 1878. 

Eichard  S.  Justice,  southeast  corner  Fifth  and  Elm  Streets,  August 
2.5,  1876. 

Richard  F.  Ireland,  southeast  corner  Third  and  Chestnut  Streets, 
February  10,  1877  ;  moved  to  No.  224  Main  Street,  on  16th  June  fol- 
lowing, thence  to  southwest  corner  Third  and  Yine  Streets,  April 
5, 1878  ;  sold  to  James  A.  A.  Armstrong,  M.D.,  June  12,  1879,  who, 
resold  to  R.  F.  Ireland,  June  19, 1880  ;  bought  by  John  F.  Casner 
April  18,  1881;  succeeded  by  J.  Griffith  Howard  and  Frederick  Tifft, 
February  20,  1882,  the  latter  retiring  from  the  firm  April  1,  1886, 
Mr.  Howard  afterward  selling  to  Renfrew  G.  Landis,  April  4,  1886. 

Winiield  S.  Plank,  No.  601  Walnut  Street,  June  2, 1877  ;  moved 
October  27th  following  to  northwest  corner  Sixth  and  Walnut  Sts. ; 
sold  to  Henry  B.  Crane,  April  18, 1878,  who  moved  stock  and  fixtures 
to  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

Maximillian  West,  M.D.,  No.  213  South  Fifth  Street,  October  3, 
1877  ;  moved  to  Philadelphia  August  12, 1878. 

Richard  G.  Stevenson,  northwest  corner  Sixth  and  Market  Streets, 
April  9,  1878. 

Samuel  W.  Caldwell,  northeast  corner  Broadway  and  Clinton 
Street,  May  1, 1878  ;  moved  to  Philadelphia,  May  19,  1879. 

Henry  0.  Cox,  M.D.,  corner  Central  Avenue  and  Kossuth  Street, 
May  23, 1879  ;  died  October  1, 1884  ;  sold  by  the  widow,  October  16th 
following,  to  Elmer  S.  Westcott,  M.D.,  followed  by  Henry  B.  Cox, 
March  19,  1886,  and  Charles  W.  Allbright,  April  1, 1886. 

Alonzo  D.  Nichols,  northeast  corner  Third  and  Pine  Streets,  June 
26, 1879  ;  died  August  8, 1882  ;  bought  by  William  J .  Stoner,  August 
30th  following  ;  succeeded  by  J.  E.  Griffenberg,  March  1, 1883,  Dow- 
ling  Benjamin,  M.D.,  August,  1883,  who  moved  to  southeast  corner 
Third  and  Becket  Streets,  November  17,  1884. 

William  H.  Braddock,  southeast  corner  Third  and  Elm  Streets, 
April,  1880  ;  moved  to  southeast  corner  Third  and  Birch  Streets, 
January  20, 1886. 

George  Miller,  M.D.,  No.  213  South  Fifth  Street,  from  May  to  July, 
1880. 

William  Shafer,  M.D.,  northwest  corner  Fourth  and  Hamilton 
Streets,  October  2,  1880. 

George  W.  Henry,  M.D.,  northwest  corner  Eighth  and  Walnut 
Streets,  November  27,  1880. 

N.  Davis,  southwest  corner  Broadway  and  Spruce  Street,  Novem- 
ber 16, 1882;  moved  to  northwest  corner,  opposite,  in  1886. 

Henry  C.  Archibald,  M.D.,  corner  Broadway  and  Washington 
Street,  August,  1883  ;  sold  to  James  H.  F.  Milton,  M.D.,  June  13, 
1884,  who  moved  from  Camden,  Februai-yO,  1885. 

Edwin  R.  Smiley,  M.D.,  southeast  corner  Third  and  Washington 
Streets,  March,  1884. 

Alexander  G.  Bennett,  corner  Haddon  Avenue  and  Federal  Street 
November,  1884  ;  bought  by  Levi  B.  Hirst,  September  29, 1886. 

Philip  W.  Beale,  M.D.,  southeast  corner  Ninth  and  Federal 
Streets,  December  3,  1884. 

James  B.  Wood,  northeast  corner  Third  and  Pine  Streets,  January 
10,  1884;  moved  to  1126  Broadway,  March  17,  1886. 


J.  Howard  Griffith  opened  a  branch  store  northwest  corner  Front 
and  Penn  Streets,  September  5, 1886,  taking  charge  in  person  after 
..  selling  the  store  at  Third  and  Vine  Streets,  April  6, 1886. 

Conrad  S.  Hoel,  M.D.,  No.  204  Federal  Street,  October  22, 1885. 
William  S.  Deiuinger,  northwest  corner  Sixth  and  Berkley  Streets, 
July,  1886. 

Richard  W.  Test,  the  son  of  Joseph  D.  and 
Ann  D.  Test,  was  born  in  Greenwich,  Cumber- 
land County,  N.  J.,  on  the  2d  of  January,  1812. 
During  early  life  he  engaged  in  labor  on  the  farm, 
and  at  a  later  date,  preferring  a  business  career,  be- 
came familiar,  by  a  thorough  preparatory  course, 
with  that  of  a  druggist.  He  established  himself 
in  Philadelphia,  and  in  May,  1848,  removing  to 
Camden,  purchased  the  drug-store  of  Dr.  John  E. 
Presson,  in  October  of  the  same  year.  From  this 
store,  which  was  located  on  the  corner  of  Second 
Street  and  Bridge  Avenue,  he  removed,  in  Febru- 
ary, 1853,  to  Federal  Street,  below  Second  Street, 
and  in  October,  1867,  took  possession  of  the  north- 
west corner  of  Second  and  Federal  Streets,  which 
stand  his  son,  Alfred  W.,  his  successor,  now  occu- 
pies. Mr.  Test  was  one  of  the  earliest  druggists  in 
Camden,  and  enjoyed  an  enviable  reputation  as  a 
business  man.  Aside  from  various  building  asso- 
ciations, in  which  he  was  both  director  and  stock- 
holder, he  rarely  engaged  in  enterprises  apart  from 
the  management  of  his  store.  A  Whig,  and  later 
a  Republican,  in  politics,  he  was  not  a  politician, 
and  never  sought  or  held  office.  His  religious 
associations  were  with  the  Society  of  Friends.  Mr. 
Test  was  twice  married — first,  to  Mary  W.  Lippin- 
cott,  and  second  to  her  sister,  Elizabeth,  daughters 
of  Isaac  and  Sarah  Lippincott.  Of  his  thirteen 
children,  six  survive.  Mr.  Test  died  June  28, 
1873. 

WiNFiELD  S.  Plank,  who  was  prominently  iden- 
tified with  the  drug  business  of  Camden  and  other- 
wise connected  with  the  history  of  the  city,  was 
born  in  1848  in  Chester  County,  Pa.;  was  educated 
in  the  schools  of  his  neighborhood  and  the  Phila- 
delphia College  of  Pharmacy,  from  which  he  grad- 
uated. In  the  year  1869  he  married  Ella,  daughter 
of  James  and  Margaret  Dufi",  of  Philadelphia,  and 
removed  to  Camden.  In  February,  1870,  he  opened 
a  drug  store  at  No.  340  Kaighn  Avenue  and  be- 
tween that  time  and  1878  he  established  several 
different  drug  stores  in  the  city,  selling  them  when 
advantageous  offers  were  made  for  the  locations  and 
business.  He  also  purchased  a  piece  of  land  at 
the  southwest  corner  of  Broadway  and  Ferry  Ave- 
nue upon  which  he  erected  the  store  and  dwelling- 
house  now  occupied  by  Dr.  Donges,  dividing  the 
remaining  portion  into  building  lots,  upon  which 
permanent  improvements  have  since  been  made. 
Having  attained  considerable   local   prominence. 


THE  CITY  OP  CAMDEN. 


653 


owing  to  the  deep  interest  evinced  in  the  material 
improvement  of  South  Camden,  Mr.  Plank,  in, 
1875,  was  elected  upon  the  Republican  ticket  to  re- 
present the  Eighth  Ward  in  the  City  Council.  After 
a  residence  of  nearly  ten  years  in  the  city  of  Cam- 
den, during  which  time  he  contributed  greatly  to 
the  city's  growth,  he  removed  to  Philadelphia  in 
1879  and  opened  a  drug  store  at  the  corner  of  Jasper 
and  Huntington  Streets,  where  he  died  August  23, 
1880,  leaving  a  wife  and  one  child,  Chester,  sur- 
viving him. 

Old  Military  Organizations. — One  of  the 
earliest  military  organizations  of  this  vicinity  was 
the  Camden  Blues.  John  Porter  was  captain  of  the 
company ;  Benjamin  Shreve  was  first  lieutenant. 
Captain  John  Porter  was  a  popular  man  and  was 
constable  for  many  years.  He  lived  in  the  old 
brick  house  on  the  north  side  of  Arch  Street  above 
Second.  He  died  in  1825,  and  Wm.  Newton  be- 
came captain  of  the  "  Blues,"  and  was  succeeded 
by  Captain  Samuel  Fisher.  Under  Porter  the 
company  mustered  a  full  hundred  men,  but  after 
his  death  its  numbers  decreased,  and  about  1838 
it  disbanded.  The  uniform  was  blue  jacket  and 
pants,  hats  with  white  plumes  tipped  with  red. 

The  Woodbury  Blues,  at  one  time  commanded 
by  the  late  Judge  Philip  J.  Grey,  wore  a  similar 
uniform,  the  plume,  however,  being  red  tipped 
with  white.  Eichard  W.  Howell,  Esq.,  was  also 
captain  of  this  company. 

The  Union  Blues,  called  the  "Squankum" 
Blues,  had  their  headquarters  at  Blackwood. 

For  seventeen  years  Camden  was  without  any 
military  company,  when,  November  23,  1855,  the 
Camden  Light  Artillery  was  organized  with  a 
muster-roll  of  forty  men.  The  following  was  the 
roster  of  officers : 

Captain.  Isaac  W.  Mictcle ;  First  Lieutenant,  James  W.  H.  Sticlt- 
ney  ;  Second  Lieutenant,  Jesse  E.  Huston  ;  Third  Lieutenant,  Joseph 
J.  Bender ;  First  Sergeant,  Ephraim  0.  Ware ;  Second  Sergeant, 
Richard  H.  Lee  ;  Third  Sergeant,  John  B.  Cunningham  ;  Fourth 
Sergeant,  Samuel  H.  Carles ;  Quartermaster,  James  M.  Cassady  ; 
First  Corporal,  Philip  M.  Armington ;  Second  Corporal,  William  W. 
Sheed  ;  Third  Corporal,  Remington  Ackley ;  Fourth  Corporal,  James 
B.  Shields. 

The  secretary  was  Wm.  J.  Miller  and  the  treas- 
urer Martin  E.  Harmstead.  The  armory  was  in 
the  Starr  building,  on  Bridge  Avenue  below  Second 
Street.  The  Light  Artillery  was  a  "crack"  com- 
pany, their  uniform  being  very  showy,  with 
"  shakos  "  that  gave  them  a  formidable  appearance. 
Captain  Mickle  had  seen  service  in  Mexico. 
Ephraim  C.  Ware  succeeded  in  command  of  the 
company ;  when  the  Civil  War  broke  out  thirty 
out  of  the  thirty -six  entered  the  service  under  their 
old  commander. 


The  Washington  Grays  were  organized  in  1857 
through  the  efforts  of  Richard  H.  Lee,  Samuel  H. 
Carles,  John  R.  Cunningham  (of  the  artillery), 
John  Y.  Hoagland,  Andrew  Fenton  and  others. 
Their  headquarters  were  in  the  Starr  building. 
Theodore  W.  Baker  was  their  first  captain,  fol- 
lowed by  Wm.  B.  Hatch  and  E.  Price  Hunt,  the 
latter  commanding  when  the  news  from  Fort 
Sumter  and  the  call  for  troops  reached  them.  Of 
the  muster-roll  of  fifty,  forty-six  responded,  and  in 
two  days  Captain  Hunt,  with  Lieutenants  E.  H. 
Lee,  Theodore  W.  Zimmerman  and  Charles  N. 
Pelouze,  with  over  a  hundred  men,  encamped  at 
Trenton  as  Company  F,  Fourth  Eegiment. 

The  Stockton  Cadets,  Captain  Edmund  G.  Jack- 
son, and  the  Camden  Zouaves,  Captain  John  E. 
Cunningham,  were  both  organized  within  a  few 
months  of  the  beginning  of  the  war,  but  ihey 
were  not  behind  the  older  companies  in  responding 
to  their  country's  call,  and  in  less  than  a  week 
these  four  companies  were  mustered  in  the  Fourth 
Regiment — the  Cadets  as  Company  A,  and  the 
Zouaves  as  Company  G. 

At  the  expiration  of  the  three  months'  service 
all  entered  the  Sixth  Eegiment  for  three  years  and 
their  deeds  fill  pages  of  the  records  of  the  war. 

CEMETERIES. 

The  Camden  Cemetery  was  founded  in  1836 
by  the  "  township  of  Camden,"  and  governed  by 
trustees  elected  annually  at  its  town-meetings. 
When  originally  laid  out  it  contained  only  three 
acres  adjoining  Newton  (Friends,)  Cemetery,  be- 
tween and  near  the  junction  of  Mount  Ephraim 
and  Haddon  Avenues.  It  was  enlarged  in  1864 
and  again  in  1868,  and  a  much  greater  addition 
made  in  1876.  The  receiving  vault  is  large  ard 
the  chapel  presents  a  neat  and  comfortable  appear- 
ance. The  two  fronts  have  beautiful  and  sub- 
stantial fences  and  gateways  and  the  trees  and 
shrubbery,  as  well  as  the  avenues,  show  the  great 
care  and  attention  bestowed  upon  them.  A  por- 
tion of  the  ground  is  laid  out  into  family  burial- 
lots,  and  the  remainder  is  for  city  purposes — that 
is,  the  burial  of  strangers  and  the  poor.  The  city 
ground  for  the  poor  is  separate  and  free  of  charges. 
There  have  been  nine  thousand  four  hundred  and 
seventy -seven  interments  made  in  this  cemetery. 

The  board  of  trustees  for  the  year  1886-87  are  as 
follows : 

"William  C.  Husted,  president ;  Harris  Graffen,  treasurer ;  F.  W. 
Armstrong,  secretary  ;  Executive  Committee,  James  H.  Arming- 
ton,  Christian  Wentz,  James  Ayres;  Auditors,  K.W.  Kerswell,  John 
Blowe,  J.  P.  Varney ;  Members,  James  H.  Armington,  Christian 
Wentz,  James  Ayres,  William  C,  Husted,  F.  W.  Armstrong,  Harris 
Graffen,  R.  W,  Kerswell,  J.  P.  Varney,  John  Blowe  ;  Superintend- 
ent of  Cemetery,  Nathan  A.  Carter. 


554 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


The  office  of  the  company  is  at  No.  6  South 
Third  Street. 

EVERGREEX  Cemeteky  Is  sitiuited  on  a  gently- 
sloping  knoll  bordering  on  Mount  Ephraim  Ave- 
nue, and  near  Ferry  Avenue,  and  on  the  main  road 
from  Camden  to  Haddonfield,  and  is  beautifully 
laid  out,  with  broad  avenues,  ornamental  shrub- 
bery and  injlosed  on  all  sides  in  a  substantial 
manner,  The  vaults  are  ample  and  a  beautiful 
Gothic  chapel  is  located  in  the  centre  of  the 
grounds  and  by  the  main  drive.  Oa  the  northeast, 
the  grounds  adjoin  the  Camden  Cemetery  and  on 
the  north  extend  to  Spruce  Street. 

The  company  was  incorporated  on  February  20, 
1848,  with  Benjamin  A.  Hammell,  William  J. 
Hatch,  Richard  W.  Howell,  Joseph  J.  Hatch  and 
Benjamin  Browning  as  corporators.  The  charter 
limited  them  to  the  purchase  of  eighty-five  acres 
of  ground  on  the  Mount  Ephraim  road,  in  New- 
ton township,  and  thirty-two  acres  were  purchased 
from  the  estate  of  Isaac  Cooper.  W.  J.  Hatch  was 
the  first  president  and  held  the  position  until  his 
death,  in  1856.  He  was  succeeded  by  Charles 
Sloan  and  he  by  Cooper  Browning,  who  died  in 
1875,  when  Thomas  A.  Wilson  was  elected  presi- 
dent. Benjamin  Browning  was  elected  as  secretary, 
a  position  he  held  until  his  death,  in  1861.  He 
was  succeeded  by  Mrs.  Catherine  Hatch,  who  re- 
signed in  1881 ;  since  that  time  William  Stiles  has 
been  the  secretary.  B.  A.  Hammell  was  the  first 
treasurer  and  continued  as  such  until  his  death,  in 
1873.     Mrs.  Hatch  was  then  made  treasurer. 

Thomas  W.  Shinu  was  sexton  superintendent  for 
twenty-one  years.  At  his  death,  in  1876,  Joseph 
Jennings,  the  present  superintendent,  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  position.  The  office  of  the  company 
is  at  No.  414  Market  Street. 

The  Harleigh  Cemetery  Association  was 
formed  April  28,  1885,  and  soon  afterwards  pur- 
chased of  John  B.  Wood  and  Lydia  C,  bis  wife, 
the  land  on  Haddon  Avenue  near  the  city  line,  on 
which  its  cemetery  is  laid  out. 

The  name  Harleigh  was  chosen  because  that  was 
the  name  of  the  country-seat  on  the  Schuylkill 
(now  Laurel  Hill  Cemetery)  of  Isaac  Cooper,  who 
formerly  owned  this  and  most  of  the  land  on  the 
east  side  of  Haddon  Avenue  from  Pine  Street  to 
the  city  line,  and  from  whom  it  descended  to  Mrs. 
Wood  and  others.  Harleigh  is  laid  out  on  what  is 
called  the  landscape  lawn  plan, — an  entirely 
different  one  from  that  of  any  cemetery  in  or 
around  either  Camden  or  Philadelphia, — the  new- 
est part  of  West  Laurel  Hill  more  closely  resem- 
bling it  than  any  other.  The  idea  is  a  series  of 
lawns  always  kept  in  order   by  the   association, 


with  interlacing  drives  and  carefully  grouped 
.trees  and  shrubbery,  giving  it  the  appearance  of  a 
well-kept  private  park,  rather  than  that  of  an  old- 
fashioned  burying-ground.  For  this  purpose  no 
fences  or  lot  inclosures  are  allowed  and  no  head 
or  foot-stones  over  eight  inches  in  height,  although 
monuments  are  permitted.  The  present  officers  of 
the  association  are  Howard  M.  Cooper,  president ; 
Benjamin  C.  Reeve,  vice-president ;  Watson  De- 
puy,  treasurer ;  Harris  Graffen,  secretary  ;  John  B. 
Wood,  manager;  Ralph  Moore,  superintendent. 

A  Tornado.— October  23,  1878,  a  tornado  vis- 
ited Camden  and  did  much  damage  to  property. 
It  began  to  blow  from  the  southeast  about  two 
o'clock  in  the  morning  and  increased  in  violence 
until  three  o'clock,  when  it  reached  the  climax, 
and  it  was  during  this  hour  that  the  principal 
damage  was  done.  It  affected  all  portions  of  the 
city  alike,  and  from  Newton  Creek  to  Coopers 
Creek  at  daylight  the  streets  were  found  to  be 
blockaded  with  displaced  roofs,  debris  from  demol- 
ished walls  and  shattered  and  uprooted  trees. 
Nearly  two  hundred  houses  were  unroofed  and 
many  unfinished  buildings  were  leveled. 

The  Second  Baptist  Church,  the  Union  Method- 
ist Episcopal  Church  and  the  Tabernacle  Method- 
ist Episcopal  Church  were  unroofed  and  a  large 
stack  at  the  Nickle  works,  on  Coopers  Creek,  was 
blown  down,  crushing  a  house  in  its  fall.  Although 
the  height  was  reached  at  three  o'clock,  the  tor- 
nado swept  with  great  force  for  several  hours,  and 
about  six  o'clock  blew  a  train  from  the  track  of  the 
Camden,  Gloucester  and  Mount  Ephraim  Railroad 
as  it  was  crossing  the  meadow  below  Atlantic  Ave- 
nue, and  injured  Wm.  Dorell,  the  superintendent, 
Conductor  Wm.  H.  Fults  and  Charles  Hallam,  a 
passenger.  Thos.  A.  Wilson,  president  of  the 
Horse  Railroad  Company,  was  injured  by  a  falling 
chimney,  and  a  number  of  others  received  injuries, 
but  not  a  life  was  lost.  The  peculiar  action  of  the 
wind  is  shown  by  giving  one  out  of  many  in- 
stances :  The  Union  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
extending  back  to  Newton  Avenue,  was  unroofed, 
as  were  houses  on  Broadway,  while  a  row  of  tall, 
frail  frame  houses  between  them  did  not  lose  a 
shingle. 

There  was  not  much  rain,  but  the  strong  wind 
blew  the  water  into  Delaware  Bay  and  up  the 
river,  causing  the  tides  to  rise  to  an  unprecedented 
height.  The  water  reached  Locust  Street  on 
Kaighn  Avenue  and  Front  Street  on  Market,  sur- 
rounding the  West  Jersey  Hotel,  so  that  boats 
were  used  to  reach  it,  and  the  ferry-boats  ceased 
running  because  the  people  could  not  get  to  the 
slips.     The  river-bank  liclow   Kaighns  Poiut  was 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


555 


overflowed,  flooding  the  meadow  and  so  washing 
the  Ferry  road,  Broadway  and  the  West  Jersey. 
Railroad  as  to  render  them  impassable,  and  pas- 
sengers by  the  railroad  were  transferred  at  Glouces- 
ter City  and  brought  hither  in  boats. 

The  Cyclone  of  1885. — On  the  afternoon  of 
August  3, 1885,  a  cyclone  struck  the  city,  uprooting 
trees,  damaging  or  demolishing  over  six  hundred . 
houses,  involving  a  loss  of  nearly  a  million  dollars, 
wounding  a  number  of  persons  and  causing  the 
death  of  four.  It  had  been  raining  heavily,  the 
storm  coming  from  the  eastward,  and,  crossing  the 
river,  met  a  storm  coming  from  the  west,  and  the 
struggle  of  the  two  for  mastery  caused  the  unusual 
atmospheric  disturbance.  The  opposing  forces  first 
came  in  contact  in  the  southern  section  of  Phila- 
delphia, known  as  the  "Neck,"  and  uniting 
continued  in  a  zigzag  direction  to  the  New 
Jersey  side,  and  north  through  the  eastern  and 
northern  portions  of  Camden,  across  the  river  to 
Richmond,  its  northern  limits.  It  was  not  a  tor- 
nado nor  a  whirlwind.  Trees  were  not  twisted  off, 
nor  were  they  prostrated  in  one  direction.  On 
opposite  sides  of  the  street,  tree-tops  in  some 
places  were  towards  each  other,  in  other  cases  were 
away  from  each  other,  while  the  wall  of  one  house 
was  pressed  in,  and  the  next  one  forced  out,  as  if 
two  mighty  wrestling  Titans  were  struggling  for 
the  mastery,  with  their  feet  scuffling  on  the  ground, 
sometimes  pressing  stones  into  the  earth,  and  then 
scattering  them  in  all  directions ;  so  these  two 
storm-clouds,  coming  from  opposite  directions  and 
contending  for  the  right-of-way,  rose  and  fell  and 
swayed  to  and  fro,  crushing  or  pushing  aside  what- 
ever occupied  the  location  of  the  conflict.  The 
east-born  storm  had  passed  over,  but  the  west-born 
storm  was  the  stronger  of  the  two,  and  forcing  its 
antagonist  back,  made  the  fight  in  this  city. 

The  total  length  of  the  battle-field  did  not  exceed 
six  miles,  while  its  breadth  ranged  from  one  hun- 
dred to  eight  hundred  feet.  Beyond  this  scope  all 
was  peaceful.  While  the  storm  was  playing  havoc 
on  Federal,  at  Second  and  Third,  a  cai'-load  of  pas- 
sengers at  Fifth  and  Federal  did  not  know  of  the 
storm  until  told.  Its  duration  was  brief,  almost 
momentary.  The  southern  ends  of  the  storms  came 
in  contact  at  3.25  p.m.,  and  the  points  of  contact  ran 
rapidly  all  along  the  line.  Careful  observers  said 
the  northern  point  of  collision  was  reached  in  from 
one  to  two  minutes.  Like  two  heavy  planks  in 
contact  at  one  end  allowed  to  come  together  by  the 
force  of  gravity,  forcing  out  the  air  and  other 
material  between  them,  so  the  two  storms  came  to- 
gether in  the  "  Neck,"  closed  up  rapidly  along  their 
length,  squeezing  the  air  from  between  their  un- 


even edges,  in  all  directions,  and  with  uneven  force 
and  zigzag  course. 

The  cyclone  began  in  the  "Neck,"  where  there 
was  nothing  to  harm,  and  moving  east  nearly, 
crossed  the  river  to  Gloucester  City,  in  its  way 
striking  the  after-part  of  the  ferry-boat  "  Peerless," 
on  her  way  from  Gloucester  Point  to  Philadelphia, 
carrying  away  the  pilot-house  and  a  team  of  horses, 
otherwise  doing  no  damage.  The  course  then  led 
northwest  to  the  Pennsylvania  Salt-Works,  which 
were  partially  demolished.  Turning  east  of  north, 
towards  Camden,  it  recrossed  the  river,  striking 
the  Salem  steamboat  "  Major  Eeybold,"  sweeping 
away  her  upper  works,  and  with  them  several  per- 
sons, including  the  pilot,  named  Townsend,  who 
was  the  only  one  lost,  although  the  upper  psu-t  of 
the  boat  was  a  total  wreck. 

Crossing  the  river,  it  reached  Kaighns  Point, 
and,  passing  over  the  large  machine  and  boiler 
shops  of  Dialogue's  ship-yard,  fell  upon  the 
work-shop,  a  hundred  feet  away,  and  crushed  it  to 
the  ground,  leaving  the  debris  where  it  fell. 
Rising,  and  moving  north,  the  cyclone  did  no 
harm  to  ferry-house,  mills  and  many  dwellings, 
but  passed  on  to  the  premises  of  the  American 
Dredging  Company,  a  half-mile  away,  except  to 
drop  a  foot  upon  a  large  spar-shed,  above  Kaighn 
Avenue,  and  push  it  over,  burying,  without 
hurting,  several  men. 

Beaching  the  dredging  works  composed  of  seve- 
ral buildings,  it  fell  upon  the  machine-shop,  which 
it  leveled.  Among  those  in  the  building,  who, 
seeing  the  cyclone  coming,  ran  out,  were  George 
Daisy,  Harry  Stevens  and  Benjamin  Smith.  The 
two  former  were  found  at  a  distance,  the  first  dead, 
the  second  with  a  leg  crushed  off  by  a  piece  of 
timber.  The  last-named  threw  himself  upon  the 
ground,  and  rolled  and  tossed  for  some  distance, 
but  escaped  with  bruises. 

John  H.  Dialogue,  of  the  Delaware  River  Iron 
Ship-Building  Works,  at  Kaighns  Point,  thus  de- 
scribed the  phenomena : 

"  I  was  in  my  office  at  3.25  p.ji.,  when  my  son 
called  my  attention  to  the  barometer,  which  sud- 
denly fell  from  30j%  to  29  .  This  portended  mis- 
chief, and,  looking  towards  the  southwest,  I  saw  and 
heard  the  storm  passing  over  the  Pennsylvania 
Salt  Works,  tossing  the  buildings  like  chaflf.  Then 
it  struck  the  steamer  '  Major  Reybold,'  which  was 
nearly  abreast  of  my  place,  and  portions  of  her 
upper  works  were  whirled  four  hundred  feet  in  the 
air.  A  loud  roaring  preceded  the  storm,  which 
resembled  a  dense  mass  of  rolling'  black  smoke, 
traveling  within  ten  feet  of  the  water.  It  crossed 
the  river,  crushed  one  of  my  buildings,  and,  jiits- 


556 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


ing  north,  struck  the  machine-shop  of  the  dredging 
company,  crushing  it  and  passing  on.  A  singular 
phenomenon  was  noticed,  not  alone  by  me,  but  by 
all  my  men :  a  large  ball  of  fire,  fully  ten  feet  in 
diameter,  accompanied  the  storm-cloud.  It  moved 
with  great  rapidity,  and  exploded  two  liundred 
and  fifty  yards  north  of  me,  with  a  report  so  ter- 
rific as  to  shake  the  foundation  of  the  building  in 
which  I  stood.  The  sky  to  the  east  was  unusually 
bright,  with  a  rainbow  appearance,  and  was  one  of 
the  most  remarkable  sights  I  ever  witnessed.  The 
storm  moved  north,  not  straight,  but  in  a  zigzag 
course,  not  horizontal,  but  undulating,  up  and 
down,  now  sweeping  the  ground,  and  then  passing 
over  houses  and  tree-tops." 

Hotels. — The  West  Jersey  Hotel  was  built  by 
the  West  Jersey  Ferry  Company  in  1849,  and 
was  leased  to  Israel  English  until  1866.  James 
Bodine  then  became  the  proprietor  and  remained 
such  for  three  years,  or  until  1869,  and  since  that 
time  it  has  been  conducted  by  Mr.  Kirbride, 
George  Campbell,  George  Cake,  James  Titus  and 
Captain  John  Mount.  In  1883,  it  was  leased  to 
Stephen  Parsons,  the  present  proprietor.  When 
built  it  was  close  by  the  bank  of  the  river,  the 
ferry  slips  being  upon  the  opposite  side  of  Dela- 
ware Avenue.  At  the  slips  nearest  Market  Street 
the  steamboats  "  Billy  Peiin  "  (as  then  called)  and 
"  Southwark  "  made  connections  with  Philadelphia 
by  way  of  Callowhill  Street  wharf,  and  at  the  ad- 
joining slips  the  "Mariner"  and  "Merchant" 
steamers  made  regular  trips,  from  Market  Street,  to 
Philadelphia.  The  main  slip  has  been  extended 
from  the  hotel  into  the  river  five  hundred  feet,  and 
the  wharves  nine  hundred  feet. 

Stephen  Parsons  is  descended  from  English 
ancestors,  his  grandfather,  Stephen  Parsons,  a  na- 
tive of  England,  being  the  first  member  of  the  fam- 
ily to  emigrate  to  America.  The  children  of  the 
latter  are  Stephen,  William,  Joseph,  Thomas, 
Rebecca  (Mrs.  Eeeves  Metcalf)  and  Ellen  (Mrs. 
James  Anderson).  Thomas,  of  this  number,  was 
born  in  1797,  in  Beading,  Pa.,  and  spent  his  life 
principally  in  Burlington,  Atlantic  and  Cumber- 
land Counties,  N.  J.,  where  he  was  for  many  years 
a  manufacturer  of  iron.  In  politics  he  was  first 
an  Old-Line  Whig,  later  a  Republican,  and  filled 
the  ofiices  of  lay  judge  of  Atlantic  County  and 
justice  of  the  peace.  Mr.  Parsons  married  a  Miss 
Champion,  of  Gloucester  (now  Atlantic)  County, 
N.  J.,  whose  children  are  Harriet  (Mrs.  Elmer 
Smith),  Joseph  and  one  who  died  in  infancy.  All 
are  now  deceased.  He  married,  a  second  time, 
Hannah  Taylor,  of  Burlington  County,  N.  J.,  to 
whom  were  born  children,— Stephen,  Martha  (Mrs. 


Jeremiah  Zane),  Elizabeth  Ann  (Mrs.  Richard 
Vannaman),  Ellen  (Mrs.  Godfrey  Hancock),  Mary 
(Mrs.  Daniel  Erdman),  John  T.  (who  was  lost  on 
the  steamer  "  New  Jersey,"  plying  between  Phila- 
delphia and  Camden),  Thomas  (deceased),  Rebecca 
(Mrs.  Eli  Braddock),  Arabella,  James  A.,  Sarah 
(Mrs.  Benjamin  T.  Bright)  and  Henry  C.  (de- 
ceased). Stephen  Parsons,  the  eldest  of  the  chil- 
dren, was  born  on  the  24th  of  June,  1821,  in  Bur- 
lington County,  N.  J.,  and  removed  in  infancy  to 
Cumberland  County,  where  his  early  youth  was 
chiefly  spent.  Later,  becoming  a  resident  of  Glou- 
cester County,  he  received  his  education  at  private 
schools,  frequently  being  obliged  to  walk  a  long 
distance  for  that  purpose.  Mr.  Parsons  for  many 
years  assisted  his  father  in  lumbering  and  farming, 
but,  desiring  a  wider  and  more  independent  field 
than  was  thus  opened  to  him,  he,  in  1844,  removed 
to  Camden  and  embarked  in  the  business  of  hotel- 
keeping  with  Richard  C  Cake.  Here  he  remained 
ten  years,  ultimately  becoming  sole  proprietor  of 
the  house  known  as  Parsons'  Hotel.  This  hotel 
was  built  in  1764,  and  was  devoted  to  the  uses  of  a 
public-house  until  1882,  when  it  was  demolished. 
Mr.  Parsons  then  sought  another  field,  and  became 
the  popular  landlord  of  the  Fulton  House,  at  At- 
lantic City.  In  1884  he  leased  the  West  Jersey 
Hotel,  Camden,  which  is  at  present  under  his  suc- 
cessful management. 

Mr.  Parsons  was,  in  1848,  married  to  Sarah, 
daaghter  of  Nathaniel  Steelman,  of  Atlantic 
County,  who  died  in  August,  1849.  He  was  a 
second  time  married,  October  31,  1863,  to  Mrs. 
Emma  A.  Rice,  daughter  of  Sylvester  Senseman, 
of  Philadelphia.  The  larger  part  of  Mr.  Parsons' 
life  has  been  devoted  to  the  duties  of  a  landlord, 
though  other  interests  have  also  engaged  his  atten- 
tion. A  Republican  in  politics,  he  has  never  par- 
ticipated in  the  strife  for  ofiice,  nor  been  the  recip- 
ient of  political  honors.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows  and  connected 
with  Senatus  Lodge,  No.  76,  of  that  order. 

The  South  Ferry  Hotel,  located  at  the  southeast 
corner  of  Kaighn  Avenue  and  Front  Street,  has 
been  known  to  the  citizens  of  Camden  as  a  hotel, 
and  its  gardens  as  a  place  of  resort,  for  more  than 
a  century.  Originally  it  was  a  farm-house,  built  by 
one  of  the  Kaighn  family  ;  the  exact  date  when  it 
was  converted  into  a  hotel  is  unknown,  but  the 
names  of  the  landlords  are  familiar  to  the  old  resi- 
dents, and  include  Adon  Wills,  Ebenezer  Toole 
Captain  George  Bender,  Hewlings  Haines,  Aaron 
Hillman,  William  Bryant,  John  Kinsell,  Daniel 
W.  Beckley,  Abraham  Smith,  Sothron  Norcross, 
ex-Sherift'  Leeds,  Daniel  Wells,  William  Sands, 


^/^<^<?^^^>^ 


^^^ 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


557 


Theodore  Grug  and  the  present  proprietor,  John 
Korn. 

When  first  opened  as  a  hotel  it  was  close  by  the 
river-bank,  and  the  ferry-boats,  when  started,  had 
their  slip  just  across  the  street.  The  hotel  is  now 
nearly  two  squares  away  from  the  Kaighns  Point 
Ferry,  the  intervening  ground  having  been  filled 
in  and  built  up  to  within  a  short  distance  of  the 
ferry  slip.  It,  however,  still  retains  its  name  of 
South  Ferry  Hotel.  A  century  ago  it  was  a  fa- 
mous place  of  resort  in  the  summer  days  for  citi- 
zens of  Philadelphia. 

The  Avenue  Hotel,  northeast  corner  of  Fifth 
Street  and  Bridge  Avenue,  was  opened  in  1883  by 
the  present  proprietor,  August  C.  Miller,  who 
made  additions  and  alterations  to  the  original  pre- 
mises, making  the  entire  area  for  hotel  purposes 
thirty-six  by  eighty-five  feet.  The  hotel  has  an 
excellent  location  on  the  line  of  the  West  Jersey 
Railroad  and  near  the  city  buildings. 

The  Ferry  Hotel,  at  the  foot  ot  Kaighn  Avenue 
and  near  the  Ferry  House,  was  built  in  1864  by 
Dorman  &  Stout,  the  contractors  for  the  owner 
John  E.  Reese.  Hugh  Miller  was  the  first  pro- 
prietor and  kept  it  until  1868,  when  it  was  leased 
to  John  Bamford,  who  has  since  conducted  it. 

The  City  Hotel,  No.  112  Market  Street,  was 
built  in  1864  for  a  large  clothing  house  by  a  Mr. 
Holmes.  In  1866  it  was  leased  to  the  present  pro- 
prietor, Lewis  Herbst,  who  remodeled  it  and  built 
a  two-story  brick  addition  at  the  rear,  making  the 
front  twenty-five  feet  by  one  hundred  feet  deep. 

Geokge  Campbell  was  the  son  of  John  Camp- 
bell, a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends  and  a  na- 
tive of  Camden  County,  where  he  was  born  on  the 
12th  of  May,  1799,  and  died  July  11,  1882.  Mr. 
Campbell  resided  during  his  life-time  in  the  county 
of  his  birth,  where  he  was  chiefly  engaged  in  labor 
pertaining  to  the  career  of  an  agriculturist.  He 
married  Mary,  daughter  of  George  Horn,  of  the 
same  county,  who  was  born  October  31,  1803,  and 
died  August  24,  1883.  Their  children  are  Mary 
Jane,  Anna,  George,  John,  Jr.,  and  Charles,  who 
died  in  youth.  Georg«,  of  this  number,  was  born 
on  his  father's  farm  on  the  29th  of  December, 
1838,  and  received  his  early  education  at  the  dis- 
trict school  near  his  home,  after  which  he  pursued 
his  studies  in  Camden.  Leaving  the  farm  at  the 
age  of  eighteen,  he  removed  to  Camden  and  en- 
gaged in  the  coal  business.  A  few  years  after  he 
formed  a  copartnership  with  his  brother  John,  and 
embarked  in  the  livery  business,  to  which  was 
67 


subsequently  added  extensive  contracts  for  street- 
paving.  Continuing  thus  employed  until  1876,  he 
in  that  year  sold  his  interest  to  his  brother,  and 
later  became  landlord  of  the  West  Jersey  Hotel, 
in  Camden,  which  he  managed  successfully  for 
three  years.  Mr.  Campbell,  in  1883,  repurchased 
the  livery  business,  and  continued  its  management 
until  his  death.  He  was,  on  the  6th  of  July, 
1865,  married  to  Louisa,  daughter  of  Samuel  H. 
Warwick,  of  Camden.  Their  children  are  two 
sons, — Harry  W.,  in  his  twenty-first  year,  and 
George  Percy,  aged  fifteen.  Mr.  Campbell  was  in 
politics  an  active  Republican,  and,  while  a  zealous 
worker  for  the  success  of  his  party,  invariably  de- 
clined all  proficrs  of  office.  Endowed  with  keen 
perceptions  and  a  mature  judgment,  his  business 
ventures  were  usually  successful,  while  his  kindly 
nature  and  genial  bearing  won  for  him  many 
friends.  Mr.  Campbell  was  an  earnest  supporter 
of  the  Union  cause  during  the  late  war,  and 
raised  a  company  which  only  the  most  importu- 
nate entreaties  on  the  part  of  his  parents  prevented 
his  leading  to  the  field.  His  means  and  influ- 
ence were  ever  at  the  service  of  the  government. 
The  death  of  George  Campbell  occurred  on  the  5th 
of  September,  1886. 

John  Campbell,  Jr.,  was  born  October  26, 
1840,  on  his  father's  farm  in  Newton  township, 
which  he  now  owns.  He  attended  school  near  by 
his  home  until  his  parents  removed  to  Camden, 
when  he  became  a  pupil  in  the  school  kept  by  a  Mr. 
Wells,  at  Fourth  and  Market  Streets.  Afterward 
he  had  charge  of  his  father's  farms  for  two  years, 
and  later  was  associated  with  his  brother  George 
in  the  coal  business,  and  with  his  brother  in  the 
livery  business.  Market  and  Delaware  Avenue.  His 
brother  becoming  the  proprietor  of  the  West  Jer- 
sey Hotel,  Mr.  Campbell  continued  the  livery 
business  alone,  and  also  took  contracts  for  paving 
streets.  He  was  in  the  paving  business  about 
eight  years.  He  sold  his  livery  to  his  brother 
George,  and  since  that  time  has  been  in  the  real 
estate  business.  He  is  a  Republican  politically, 
and  has  been  a  member  of  the  Council  since  1881, 
serving  at  this  time  his  second  term.  He  is  chair- 
man of  the  Committee  of  Highways  and  chairman 
of  the  Building  Commission.  He  was  married, 
October  16,  1870,  to  Elizabeth  Mason  Eeade, 
daughter  of  John  S.  and  Margaret  Mason  Reade, 
of  Camden.  He  has  two  children, — John  Reade 
and  Mary  Anna. 


558 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


CHAPTEE    IX. 

SECRET  AND   BENEVOLENT  SOCIETIES. 

Free  Masonry— Tho  Indepandent  Order  of  Odd  FcIIowb— Knights  of 
Pythias— Improved  Order  of  Red  Men— Knights  of  the  Golden 
Eagle— Ancient  Order  of  United  Workmen— Brotherhood  of  the 
Union- Order  of  United  American  Mechanics- Independent  Order 
of  Mechanics — Miscellaneous  Societies. 

FREE    MASONRY. 

The  early  history  of  Free  Masonry  in  New 
Jersey  is  involved  in  a  shade  of  obscurity,  yet 
there  is  evidence  that  it  existed  in  the  province 
nearly  a  century  and  a  half  ago,  and  was  intro- 
duced but  a  few  years  after  its  revival  in  England. 
In  1729,  Daniel  Ooxe,  a  large  proprietor  in  West 
Jersey,  and  for  many  years  a  justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  was  appointed  Provincial  Grand 
Master  for  New  Jersey,  under  the  seal  of  the  Duke 
of  Norfolk,  Grand  Master  of  England. 

There  is  no  evidence  that  the  appointment 
resulted  in  the  establishment  of  any  lodges  in  the 
province,  and  it  is  presumable  that  in  those  times 
temporary  lodges  were  convened,  at  irregular  inter- 
vals, to  give  the  craftsmen  an  opportunity  of  en- 
joying fraternal  amenities,  and  promoting  the 
cultivation  of  Masonic  science  among  the  scattered 
brethren.  At  these  esoteric  communications  it  is 
probable  that  candidates  were  initiated  into  the 
ancient  mysteries  of  the  craft  under  a  dispensa- 
tion from  the  Grand  Master. 

The  first  deputation  for  New  York  was  granted 
in  1737,  during  the  Grand  Mastership  of  the  Earl 
of  Darnley,  to  Richard  Biggs  as  Provincial  Grand 
Master,  and  neither  is  there  any  record  of  his 
having  established  any  lodges  or  doing  anything 
towards  organizing  or  extending  the  order. 

By  the  deputation  of  Grand  Master  Coxe,  there- 
fore, whose  jurisdiction  included  New  York  and 
several  other  provinces,  it  is  safe  to  say  that  the 
history  of  Free  Masonry  on  American  soil  had 
its  starting-point  in  the  province  of  New  Jersey. 

On  December  18,  1786,  a  convention  was  held 
in  New  Brunswick,  and  a  Grand  Lodge  was 
organized,  the  Hon.  David  Brearley,  chief  justice 
of  the  State,  being  elected  Grand  Master.  From 
that  time  Masonry  in  New  Jersey  has  a  distinctive 
history,  and  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  the 
institution  in  the  century  which  nearly  elapsed 
since  the  organization  of  that  body,  both  at  home 
and  in  other  States,  is  a  matter  of  pride  and 
congratulation  to  the  twelve  thousand  craftsmen 
now  within  the  borders  of  the  foster-mother  of 
American  Free  Masonry. 

The  first  regularly  organized  lodge  ot  which  we 
have  auy  record,  and  which  antedates  the  Grand 


Lodge  by  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century,  is  St. 
John's  Lodge,  No.  1,  F.  and  A.  M.,  of  Newark, 
which  was  instituted  13th  day  of  May,  1761. 

Camden  Lodge,  No.  15,  F.  and  A.  M.— This 
lodge  was  originally  organized  and  set  to  work  No- 
vember 21,  A.L.  5821,  and  continued  at  work  until 
the  year  1842  as  Camden  Lodge,  No.  45,  F.  A.  M.,, 
holding  its  meetings  at  Vauxhall  Garden,  at  the 
southwest  corner  of  Fourth  and  Market  Streets, 
and  ceased  work  from  lack  of  interest  on  the  part 
of  its  members.  The  warrant  was  surrendered 
and  the  effects  of  the  lodge  were  sold  at  constable's 
sale  to  satisfy  the  landlord. 

On  March,  29,  A.l.  5849,  a  petition  signed  by 
Richard  W.  Howell,  John  W.  Mickle,  Richard 
Fetters,  Thomas  W.  Mulford,  Joseph  Taylor, 
Charles  S.  Garrett,  George  House,  Waters  B. 
Miller,  Josiah  Shivers,  George  W.  Carpentei*,  Jesse 
Hall  and  Ezekiel  Hall  (all  of  whom  are  deceased 
except  Waters  B.Miller  and  Jesse- Hall,  neither 
of  whom  now  hold  membership  with  No.l5)  was  sent 
to  the  Grand  Lodge,  praying  for  a  new  charter. 
This  petition  was  recommended  by  Mount  Holly 
Lodge,  No.  14,  April  17,  A.L.  5849,  and  on  the 
18th  day  of  April,  a.l.  5849,  Worthy  Brother  John 
P.  Lewis,  (irand  Master  of  the  M.  W.  G.  Lodge  of 
New  Jersey,  set  Camden  Lodge  to  work  by  dis- 
pensation, in  the  third-story  room  of  the  southeast 
corner  of  Second  and  Plum,  where  the  lodge 
continued  to  work  for  a  short  time,  when  they 
removed  to  the  present  hall,  southeast  corner  of 
Fourth  and  Market  Streets,  and  still  continue. 
At  the  session  of  the  M.  W.  G.  Lodge  of  New 
Jersey,  held  at  Trenton,  January  9,  a.l.  5850, 
the  old  warrant  was  restored  to  the  petitioners, 
and  the  number  changed  to  15  on  the  recommen- 
dation of  the  committee  to  whom  petition  was 
referred.  Camden  Lodge,  No.  15,  is  justly  styled 
the  mother  lodge  of  Masonry  in  Camden  and 
vicinity. 

The  following  lodges  were  recommended  to  the 
Grand  Lodge  of  New  Jersey  by  Camden  No.  15 : 
Glassboro',  No.  85 ;  Jlonic,  No.  94,  Florence";  No. 
87  ;  and  Trimble,  No.  117.  Other  lodges  have 
been  instituted  by  recommendation  from  these 
lodges. 

Since  Camden  Lodge,  No.  15,  has  been  work- 
ing it  has  had  a  roll  of  membership  of  some  550; 
403  persons  have  been  made  Master  Masons,  10 
persons  Fellowcrafts,  30  Entered  Apprentices  and 
99  have  afiiliated  from  other  lodges.  The  roll  of 
Past  Masters  shows  30  who  have  served  as  Master 
of  this  lodge,  9  of  whom  are  deceased,  2  with- 
drawn, 1  affiliated,  20  still  active  members.  This 
lodge  has  furnished  the  Most  Worthy  Grand  Lodge 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


559 


of  New  Jersey  with  2  Grand  Masters,  2  Deputy 
Grand  Masters  and  1  Senior  Grand  Warden. 

The  finances  of  the  lodge  are  carefully  taken 
care  of,  and  all  the  surplus  invested  for  future  use. 

The  present  roll  shows  some  two  hundred  active 
members,  and  the  lodge  is  in  a  very  healthy 
condition.  The  present  corps  of  officers  is  as 
follows:  John  E.  Fagen,  Worthy  Master;  David 
M.  Spence,  Senior  Warden ;  John  Cherry,  Junior 
Warden  ;  Joseph  P.  Weatherby,  Treasurer ;  James 
M.  Cassady,  P.  M.,  Secretary;  Edmund  B.  Learn- 
ing, Senior  Deacon  ;  Harry  P.  Paul,  Junior  Dea- 
con ;  Byron  Sharp,  S.  M.  C. ;  E.  Hitner  Geise, 
J.  M.  C. ;  William  Cline,  Senior  Steward ;  Howard 
Carrow,  Junior  Steward ;  Charles  H.  Gordon, 
Tiler;  J.  S.  R.  Cassady,  P.  M.,  Marshal ;  C.  Henry 
Kain,  P.  M.,  Organist ;  Louis  T.  Derousse,  G. 
Genge  Browning,  J.  S.  R.  Cassady,  Trustees; 
Representatives  in  the  Masonic  Board  of  Relief, 
David  M.  Spence,  John  N.  West,  James  W.  Ayers, 
S.  Glover  Rudderow  and  Joseph  F.  P.  Reed.  The 
present  Secretary  has  held  this  position  contin- 
uously since  December,  a.l.  5852. 

Ionic  Lodge,  No.  94,  F.  A.  M.,  was  organized 
in  the  house  of  James  \V.  Wroth,  on  Stevens  Street, 
April  20,  1868.  The  following-named  persons 
were  the  original  members:  W.  Wallace  Goodwin, 
J.  H.  Stone,  Alexander  Mecray,  Thomas  J.  Fran- 
cis, B.  A.  Pine,  James  A.  Perry,  Frederick  P. 
Pfeiffer,  Thomas  McDowell,  John  W.  Rogers, 
James  W.  Wroth,  Isaac  C.  Githens,  Christopher 
C.  Smith,  Samuel  J.  Fenner,  Oliver  W.  Goodwin, 
George  E.  AVilson,  George  W.  Watson,  Richard 
Perks,  Charles  W.  Sartori,  John  Goldthorpe, 
Albion  Craven,  James  T.  Robertshaw,  D.  W.  J. 
Button,  Seth  Thomas,  Charles  H.  Snyder,  John 
R.  Cunningham  and  Thomas  Hinchman. 

They  decided  upon  the  formation  of  a  lodge  to 
be  called  "Corinthian,"  and  selected  as  temporary 
officers:  W.  M.,  W.  W.  Goodwin;  S.  W.,  Thomas 
McDowell ;  J.  \V.,  John  W.  Rogers.  A  petition 
recommended  by  Camden,  No.  15,  was  presented 
May  12th  and  June  22d.  A  dispensation  was 
granted  by  R.  W.  G.  S.  W.  James  H.  Stevens,  who 
appointed  Isaac  C.  Githens  Secretary,  and  James 
W.  Wroth  Treasurer,  to  act  until  relieved.  They 
thus  worked  until  February  2;i,  1869,  when  they 
received  the  charter  as  Ionic  Lodge,  No.  94,  and  in 
the  Central  Hall  were  constituted,  and  these  offi- 
cers installed:  W.  M.,  W.  W.  Goodwin;  S.  W., 
Thomas  McDowell ;  J.  W.,  J.  W.  Rogers  ;  Treas- 
urer, J.  W.  Wroth  ;  Secretary,  Isaac  C.  Githens  ; 
Chaplain,  William  H.  Jeffisrys. 

The  lodge  prospered  and  increased  to  over  two 
hundred  members,  with  a  strong  financial  basis, 


under  the  following-named  Worthy  Masters :  W. 
Wallace  Goodwin,  Thomas  McDowell,  John  W. 
Rogei-s,  Seth  Thomas,  Josiah  Matlack,  Isaac  C. 
Githens,  George  Shattuck,  William  T.  Brewer, 
Edward  Furlong,  James  S.  Smyth,  John  R.  Grubb, 
William  C.  Goodrich,  Charles  H.  Austin,  William 
S.  Casselman,  J.  B.  Kelsey,  George  H.  Hammond 
and  George  Van  Benschoten.  Three  flourishing 
lodges  are  offshoots  of  Ionic, — Merchantville,  No. 
119;  Mozart,  No.  121;  and  Haddonfield  Lodge, 
No.  130.  The  officers  for  1886  are :  W.  M.,  John 
D.  Leckner,  M.D.;  S.  W.,  F.  F.  Hogate;  J.  W., 
Thaddeus  P.  Varney;  Treasurer,  Horace  Sharp; 
Secretary,  Frank  F.  Michellon.  The  latter  has 
held  the  office  since  1871,  and  Christopher  C. 
Smith  has  been  Tiler  since  the  formation  of  the 
lodge. 

Tetmble  Lodge,  No.  117,  F.  A.  M.,  was  insti- 
tuted under  warrant  bearing  date  January  19> 
1871,  and  signed  by  G.  M.,  William  E.  Pine;  D. 
G.  M.,  William  Wallace  Goodwin;  S.  G.  W., 
Nathan  Haines ;  J.  G.  W.,  James  V.  Bentley ;  and 
G.  S.,  Joseph  H.  Hough.  D.  G.  M.  W.  W.  Good- 
win instituted  the  lodge,  assisted  by  members  of 
the  Grand  Lodge,  in  Masonic  Hall,  and  placed 
these  officers  in  position:  W.  M.,  George  H.  Fair- 
field; S.  W.,  George  F.  Fort;  J.  W.,  llarmaduke 
B.  Taylor  :  S.  D.,  Nathan  F.  Cowan  ;  J.  D.,  Fred- 
erick A.  Rex ;  Treasurer,  H.  Genet  Taylor ;  Sec- 
retary, J.  Graham  Milligan.  The  others  named  in 
the  warrant  were  William  S.  Fort  and  Wilbur 
F.  Rose.  The  following  were  the  charter  mem- 
bers: George  H.  Fairfield,  George  F.  Fort,  Wil- 
liam S.  Fort,  Marmaduke  B.  Taylor,  H.  Genet 
Taylor,  Wilbur  F.  Rose,  J.  Graham,  E.  Milligan, 
Nathan  F.  Cowan,  Frederick  A.  Rex.  The  mem- 
bership numbers  ninety-four,  and  is  increasing 
steadily.  The  meetings  are  held  monthly,  in 
Masonic  Hall,  Fourth  and  Market.  The  officers 
for  1886  are:  W.  M.,  Irving  Turner;  S.  W.,  Charles 
H.  Stiles ;  J.  W.,  Charles  O.  Brown ;  Treasurer, 
Nathan  F.  Cowan,  P.  M. ;  Secretary,  George  H. 
Fairfield,  P.  M.;  W.  D.,  Jacob  Thatcher;  J.  D., 
Elmer  W.  Murdock.  This  lodge  has  in  its  mem- 
bership some  of  the  most  prominent  citizens  of 
Camden,  including  many  professional  gentlemen, 
whose  names  appear  in  other  parts  of  this  work. 
The  meetings  are  held  at  Masonic  Hall,  on  the 
first  Friday  evening  in  each  month. 

Mozart  Lodue,  No.  121,  F.  and  A.  M.,  is  a 
German  lodge,  and  received  its  dispensation  from 
the  M.  W.  Grand  Lodge  of  New  Jersey,  March  17, 
1871.  R.  W.  D.  G.  M.  William  Wallace  Good- 
win installed  the  following  officers :  W.  M.,  Fred- 
erick P.  Pfeiffer;  S.  W.,  D.  G.Langendorf ;  J.  W., 


560 


HISTOKY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Gustave  Grossman ;  Treasurer,  John  Welsch ;  Sec- 
retary, Charles  H.  Eioeman  (deceased);  S.  D., 
August  0.  Kiceman  ;  J.  D.,  George  Sensfelder ; 
M.'s  of  C,  George  Goetz  (deceased)  and  Solomon 
Seybold;  Tiler,  C.  C.  Smith,  of  94. 

The  present  officers  of  Mozart  Lodge  are :  W.  M., 
John  Heim ;  S.  W.,  Frederick  Eoedel ;  J.  W.,  Jacob 
Eettberg;  Treasurer,  William  Stein;  Secretary, 
Charles  Engel,  P.  M. ;  S.  D.,  August  Weber;  J.  D., 
Jacob  Vissel;  M.'s  of  C,  Christian  Eckert  and 
George  Pfeiffer;  Stewards,  Levi  Bachrach  and 
Henry  Schultz;  Tiler,  C.  C.  Smith,  of  94.  Past 
Masters :  Daniel  G.  Langendorf,  Gustave  Gross- 
man, August  C.  Eiceman,  George  Sensfelder,  Wil- 
liam Kraft,  Charles  Engel,  George  P.  Stephany; 
William  Moering,  Andrew  Kaemmerer,  John  Heile- 
man,  Frank  Mester.  Trustees  for  1886  are  George 
P.  Stephany,  P.  M.,  William  Moering,  P.  M.,  Levi 
Bachrach.  There  are  forty  members.  The  lodge 
meets  every  second  Tuesday  in  the  month,  at 
Wildey  Hall,  corner  of  Fifth  and  Pine  Streets,  at 
half-past  seven  o'clock  p.m. 

SiLOAM  E.  A.  Chapter,  No.  19,  Eoyal  Arch 
Masons,  was  consecrated  and  instituted  on  Oc 
tober  8,  1867,  with  Comp.  Wm.  Wallace  Goodwin 
M.  E.  H.  P.;  Comp.  Seth  Thomas,  E.  K.;  Comp' 
J.  L.  De  La  Cour,  E.  S.;  Comp.  Jas.  W.  Wroth' 
Treasurer;  Comp.  Chas.  I.  Fuerig,  Secretary.  The 
presiding  and  subordinate  officers,  excepting  the 
treasurer  and  secretary,  were  changed  at  the  an- 
nual elections.  Comp.  Jas.  W.  Wroth  remained 
treasurer  until  December,  1868,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Comp.  A.  B.  Frazee,  who,  however, 
served  but  one  year,  when  Comp.  Wroth  was 
again  elected  treasurer  in  December,  1869,  and 
served  in  that  position  until  December,  1878,  when 
he  was  succeeded  by  Comp.  Nathan  F.  Cowan, 
who  has  been  annually  re-elected  ever  since,  and 
holds  the  position  at  the  present  time.  Comp.  Chas. 
I.  Frieng  remained  secretary  until  December, 
1871,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Comp.  George 
Shattuck,  who  was  succeeded  in  December,  1875 
by  Comp.  A.  Clifford  Jackson,  who  was  suc- 
ceeded, in  December,  1877,  by  Comp.  Charles 
F.  Hollingshead,  who  has  been  annually  re- 
elected since  and  holds  the  position  at  the 
present  time.  The  chapter  started  in  1867 
with  a  membership  of  fifteen,  and  now  numbers 
two  hundred  and  fifty,  and  comprises  many  of  the 
prominent  citizens  in  this  part  of  the  State. 

Van  Hook  Council,  No.  8,  Eoyal  andSelect 
Masters,  is  the  only  council  organized  in  the  city 
of  Camden,  and,  although  starting  off  with  but  a 
small  membership,  has  grown  to  be  one  of  the 
largest  in  the  State. 


The  meetings  are  held  in  the  hall  of  Excelsior 
Consistory,  corner  of  Third  and  Federal  Streets, 
on  the  second  Wednesday  evening  of  each  month. 

The  charter  bears  date  of  January  21,  1873.  The 
following  were  the  officers  : 

Andrew  B.  Frazee,  First  Thrice  Illustrious 
Master ;  John  W.  Eogers,  First  Deputy  Illus- 
trious Master  ;  Frank  A.  Fenton,  First  Principal 
Conductor  of  the  Work ;  Jacob  H.  Yocum,  Jr., 
First  Master  of  Exchequer;  George  Shattuck, 
First  Eecorder ;  Eichard  F.  Smith,  First  Captain 
of  Guard;  W.  T.  Benner,  First  Conductor  of 
Council;  S.  S.  Edwards,  First  Steward;  C.  C. 
Smith,  First  Sentinel. 

Following  are  the  present  officers  of  the  council : 

Geo.  W.  Steed,  Thrice  Illustrious  Master ;  John 
S.  R.  Cassady,  Deputy  Illustrious  Master; 
John  W.  Johnson,  Principal  Conductor  of  Work ; 
Andrew  B.  Frazee,  Treasurer  ;  F.  F.  Hogate,  Ee- 
corder ;  N.  F.  Cowan,  Captain  of  Guard ;  Geo.  F. 
Hammond,  Conductor  of  Council ;  Enos  Dismant, 
Steward  ;  C.  C.  Smith,  Sentinel. 

This  council  has  thirty-one  members.  Since 
the  organization  death  has  removed  eight  members 
of  the  council,  among  the  number  Past  Thrice 
Illustrious  Grand  Master  Frank  A.  Fenton.  Two 
members  of  this  council  have  been  elevated  to  the 
Grand  East  of  thisjurisdiction, — Frank  A.  Fenton, 
in  1880,  and  Edwalrd  Mills,  in  1885. 

Cyrene  Commandery,  No.  7,  Masonic 
Knights  Teiiplar,  was  regularly  consecrated 
and  constituted  under  a  warrant  from  the  Grand 
Commandery  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  on  Oc- 
tober IG,  1868,  at  the  court-house  in  the  city  of 
Camden,  Dr.  Thos.  J.  Corson  acting  as  Grand 
Commander.  The  five  principal  officers  of  the 
Commandery  installed  upon  that  occasion  were, — 
Sir  Wm.  Wallace  Goodwin,  Eminent  Com- 
mander ;  Sir  Jas.  H.  Stevens,  Generalissimo ;  Sir 
John  W.  Eogers,  Captain-General ;  Sir  James  W. 
Wroth,  Treasurer  ;  Sir  Chas.  I.  Fuerig,  Eecorder. 
The  presiding  and  subordinate  ofiicers,  excepting 
the  treasurer  and  recorder,  were  changed,  as  is  the 
usual  custom  at  the  annual  elections.  Sir  James 
W.  Wroth,  treasurer,  was  annually  re-elected  until 
April  18,  1878,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Sir 
Nathan  F.  Cowan,  who  has  been  annually  re- 
elected ever  since  and  holds  the  position  at  the 
present  time.  Sir  Chas.  I.  Fuerig,  recorder,  was 
annually  re-elected  until  March  16,  1871,  when  he 
was  succeeded  by  Sir  George  Shattuck,  who  was 
annually  re-elected  until  May  10,  1878,  when  he 
was  succeeded  by  Sir  Chas.  F.  Hollingshead,  who 
has  been  annually  re-elected  ever  since  and  holds 
the  position  at  this  time. 


THE  CITY  OF  GAMDEN. 


561 


The  commandery  started  with  a  membership  of 
nineteen,  and  its  present  membership  is  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty,  and  includes  many  of  the  prominent 
business  and  professional  men  of  the  city.  The 
Past  Commanders  of  Cyrene,  or  those  who  have 
filled  the  position  of  presiding  ofiicer,  are  as  fol- 
lows :  Sirs  Wm.  Wallace  Goodwin,  Andrew  B. 
Frazee,  J.  Layton  Eegister,  Geo.  E.  Wilson,  Rich- 
ard F.  Smith,  W.  B.  F.  Wood,  Jacob  H.  Yocum, 
Jr.,  Robert  "F.  S.  Heath,  Seth  Thomas,  Isaac  C. 
Githens,  M.  B.  Taylor,  Wm.  H.  Stansbury,  Wm. 
Kraft,  Jas.  P.  Weatherby,  Wm.  M.  Davison, 
Francis  Cookson  and  Edward  Mills.  The  Past 
Commanders  of  Cyrene  who  have  served  as  Grand 
Commanders  of  the  Grand  Commandery  of  New 
Jersey  are  Sirs  Wm.  Wallace  Goodwin,  Andrew 
B.  Frazee  and  I.  Layton  Register.  Past  Com- 
mander, Isaac  C.  Githens  is  the  present  Grand 
Generalissimo  of  the  Grand  Commandery. 

The  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite. 
— ^This  rite  was  first  organized  in  the  "  Valley  of 
Camden,"  in  the  early  part  of  the  year  1870,  but 
owing  to  necessary  delays  in  a  correspondance 
with  the  officers  and  members  of  the  bodies  of  the 
rite  located  at  Mount  Holly,  the  organization  was 
not  effected  until  August  4,  1870,  when  Excelsior 
Grand  Lodge  of  Perfection,  14°,  was  set  to  work. 
The  membership  rapidly  increased,  and  soon  the 
organization  of  Excelsior  Council  of  Princes  of 
Jerusalem,  15°  and  16°,  and  Excelsior  Rose  Croix 
Chapter,  17°  and  18°,  was  completed.  Meetings 
were  regularly  held  until  1875,  when,  from  finan- 
cial troubles  and  other  causes,  the  work  in  these 
bodies  was  almost  suspended,  but  through  the 
efforts  of  a  few  members  it  was  not  permitted  to 
die  out. 

In  1882,  a  number  of  the  brethren  having  died, 
it  was  thought  proper  to  hold  a  "lodge  of  honor" 
(being the  first  ever  held  in  this  jurisdiction),  at 
which  a  large  number  of  Masonic  brethren  were 
present,  and  the  beautiful  ceremonies  not  only 
made  a  deep  impression,  but  caused  new  life  to 
be  infused  into  the  order.  The  oration  upon  this 
occasion  was  delivered  by  Past  Thrice  Potent 
Grand  Master  Marmaduke  B.  Taylor. 

The  new  seed  sown  took  deep  root  and  the  mem- 
bership increased  so  rapidly  that  it  was  found 
necessary  to  make  arrangements  to  organize  a 
consistory  in  Camden,  as  the  only  one  in  the  State, 
being  located  at  Jersey  City,  was  considered  too 
remote  for  the  brethren  in  Camden,  many  of 
whom  had  become  members  of  the  Philadelphia 
Consistory. 

On  the  16th  day  of  November,  1883,  Excelsior 
Consistory  was  set  to  work,  since  which  time  the 


Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite  has  been  the 
most  flourishing  Masonic  body  in  the  city  of 
Camden. 

The  first  three  bodies  of  the  rite  originally  were 
installed  in  Mount  Holly,  and  the  same  transferred 
to  Camden,  the  Mount  Holly  brethren  retaining 
their  membership. 

The  present  oflicers  of  the  consistory  are  Edward 
Mills,  32°  Illustrious  Commander-in-Chief;  Mar- 
maduke B.  Taylor,  32°  Illustrious  First  Lieuten- 
ant Commander;  C.  Henry  Austin,  32°  Illustrious 
Second  Lieutenant  Commander ;  Frank  L.  Vinton, 
32°  Grand  Master  of  State ;  David  M.  Spence,  82° 
Grand  Chancellor ;  Joseph  F.  P.  Reed,  32°  Grand 
Treasurer  ;  Isaac  C.  Githens,  32°  Grand  Keeper  of 
the  Seals  and  Archives;  Genge  F.  Hammond,  32° 
Architect ;  George  Van  Benschoten,  32°  Hos- 
pitaler; George  Shattuck,  32°  Master  of  Cere- 
monies; William  H.  Thompson,  32°  Standard- 
Bearer ;  George  W.  Steed,  32°  Captain  of  the 
Guard;  Charles  H.  Gordon,  32°  Grand  Sentinel. 

The  present  officers  of  Excelsior  Chapter  Rose 
Croix  are  Geo.  W.  Steed,  32°  M.  W.  and  P.  Master  ; 
David  M.  Spence,  32°  M.  E.  P.  and  Kt.  S.  W. ;  Geo. 
Van  Benschoten,  32°  M.  E.  P.  and  Kt.  J.  W. ; 
Edward  E.  Read,  Jr.,  32°  M.  E.  and  P.  Kt.  G. 
Orator;  Joseph  F.  P.  Read,  32°  Resp.  and  P.  Kt. 
Treasurer;  Edward  Mills,  32°  Resp.  and  P.  Kt. 
Secretary  ;  A.  B.  Frazee,  83°  Resp.  and  P.  Kt. 
Hospitaler  ;  Thomas  B.  Woolston,  32°  Resp.  and 
P.  Kt.  M.  of  C. ;  F.  F.  Hogate,  32°  Resp.  and  P. 
Kt.  C.  of  G. ;  Charles  H.  Gordon,  32°  Resp.  Grand 
Tiler. 

The  present  officers  of  Excelsior  Council,  P.  of  J., 
are  Andrew  B.  Frazee,  33°  M.  E.  Sov.  P.  G.  Master ; 
George  W.  Steed,  32°  G.  H.  P.  Deputy  Gr.  Master; 
C.  Henry  Austin,  32°  M.  E.  Senior  Gr.  Warden  ; 
Prank  B.  Delaplaine,  32°  M.  E.  Junior  Gr.  Warden ; 
Joseph  F.  P.  Read,  32°  Val.  Gr.  Treasurer; 
Edward  Mills,  32°  Val.  Gr.  Secretary ;  Daniel  H. 
Erdman,  32°  Val.  Gr.  Almoner ;  Thomas  Mc- 
Dowell, 82°  Val.  Gr.  M.  of  C ;  F.  F.  Hogate,  32° 
Val.  Gr.  M.  of  E. ;  C.  H.  Gordon,  32°  Grand 
Tyler. 

The  present  officers  of  Excelsior  Lodge  of  Per- 
fection are  George  F.  Hammond,  32°  T.  P.  G.  M. ; 
John  S.  R.  Cassady,  32°  Deputy  G.  M. ;  George 
Van  Benschoten,  32°  S.  G.  W.;  Frank  B.  Dela- 
plaine, 32°  J.  G.  W. ;  J.  F.  P.  Read,  32°  Gr.  Treas- 
urer ;  Edward  Mills,  32°  Gr.  Secretary;  E.  E. 
Read,  Jr.,  32°  G.  M.  C. ;  F.  F.  Hogate,  32°  Gr.  C. 
of  G. ;  George  W.  Steed,  32°  G.  Hospitaler;  C. 
H.  Gordon,  32°  G.  Tiler. 

The  Past  Most  Wise  and  Perfect  Masters  of 
Excelsior  Chapel  of  Rose  Croix  are  W.  W.  Good- 


562 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


win,  33° ;  F.  A.  Fenton,  3:2°  ;  A.  B.  Frazee,  33° ; 
Edward  Mills,  33°  ;  J.  S.  Smith,  32° ;  Thomas  Mc- 
Dowell, 32° ;  C.  Henry  Austin,  32° ;  George  F. 
Hammond,  32° ;  George  W.  Steed,  32°. 

The  Past  Sovereign  Prince  Grand  Masters  of  Ex- 
celsior Council  of  Princes  of  Jerusalem  are  W.  W. 
Goodwin,  33° ;  W.  H.  Jeffreys,  33° ;  J.  P.  Michellon, 
32° ;  Marmaduke  B.  Taylor,  32° ;  Edwin  Mills,  32°; 
A.  B.  Frazee,  33°. 

The  Past  Thrice  Potent  Grand  Masters  of  Excel- 
sior Grand  Lodge  of  Perfection  are  G.  H.  Pancoast, 
32°  ;  W.  W.  Goodwin,  33°;  James  H.  Stevens,  32°; 
Marmaduke  B.  Taylor,  32°;  A.  B.  Frazee,  33°; 
J.  S.  Smith,  32°;  Thomas  McDowell,  32° ;  Edwin 
Mills,  32°;  C.  Henry  Austin,  32°;  George  F.  Ham- 
mond, 32°. 

Masonic  Ladies. — The  Grand  Lodge  of  Mason- 
ic Ladies  of  New  Jersey  was  instituted  September 
12, 1867,  in  Mechanics'  Hall,  Camden,  by  P.  G.  L 
H.  P.  Elizabeth  C.  Cline  and  G.  R.  Secretary 
Elizabeth  Craig,  of  Pennsylvania.  The  first 
oificers  were  :  G.  I.  H.  P.,  Mercy  Whippy,  No.  1, 
Camden  ;  G.  H.  P.,  Elizabeth  Rocap,  No.  3, 
Bridgeton  ;  G.  R.  Secretary,  Harriet  Wright,  No.  2, 
Burlington.  There  are  fifteen  lodges  within  its 
jurisdiction,  with  ten  hundred  and  twenty-five 
members.  Its  oflicersare  :  G.  I.  H.  P.,  Elizabeth 
Shamelia,  No.  2,  Burlington  ;  G.  H.  P.,  Annie 
Elliott,  No.  9,  Bordentown  ;  G.  R.  Secty.,  Annie 
M.  Quick,  No.  1,  Camden. 

Mount  Zion  Lodge,  No.  1,  Masonic  Ladies, 
was  instituted  in  Mechanics'  Hall  April  4,  1866, 
with  thirty-five  charter  members,  by  G.  I.  H.  P. 
Elizabeth  P.  Cline  and  G.  R.  S.  Elizabeth  Craig, 
of  Pennsylvania.  These  officers  were  installed- 
P.  I.  H.  P.,  Margaret  Deith ;  I.  H.  P.,  Mercy 
Whippy;  H.  P.,  Coctle;  S.  C,  Mary  Burnett;  R. 
Secretary,  Susanna Quin  ;  F.S.,Margaretta Hamp- 
ton ;  T.,  Sarah  Gilbert ;  S.  I.,  Ruth  A.  Ross;  J.  L, 
Mary  M.  Lindale ;  Tiler,  Clara  Muckleson.  The 
lodge  has  prospered  and  a  membership  of  nearly 
one  hundred  has  accumulated  a  reserve  fund  of 
three  thousand  dollars. 

The  officers  at  present  dre  P.  I.  H.  P.,  Elizabeth 
Long;  I.  H.  P.,  Emily  Weldey;  H.  P.,  Kate 
Tyler;  R.  S.,  Annie  M.  Quick;  F.  S.,  K.  E. 
Sparks;  T.,Ruth  A.  Boss;  S.of  C,  Ellen  Biddle  ; 
S.  I.,  Margaret  Whittle;  J.  I.,  Elizabeth  Kleaver; 
Tiler,  Elizabeth  Campbell. 

The  members  of  Mount  Zion  Lodge  who  are 
Past  Great  Illustrious  High  Priestesses  of  the 
Grand  Lodge  of  New  Jersey  are  Mercy  Whippy, 
Ruth  A.  Ross,  Mary  A.  Moore  and  Eliza  J.  Leil- 
back. 
Lily    pf  the   Valley  Lodge,  'M.   6,    of   Masonic 


Ladies  was  organized  May  8,  1867,  by  Rebecca 
Thompson,  I.  G.  H.  P.  ;  Emeliue  Williams,  G.  H. 
P. ;  Elizabeth  Craig,  G.  S.  Charter  granted  to 
Catherine  Caldwell,  May  A.  Merkle,  Priscilla  B. 
Ayers,  Mary  West,  Isabella  Stanbury,  Elizabeth 
Gordon,  Mary  W.  Saunders,  Lizzie  Anderson, 
Kate  Cadwell,  Sai-ah  Rickard,  Annie  Ayers,  Ann 
Porter,  Elmira  B.  Wescott,  Sarah  P.  List,  Sarah 
Jackson,  Rachel  Litcherfelt,  Mary  A.  Laning, 
Susan  A.  Vaugn.  The  following  were  the  officers ; 
G.  I.  H.  P.,  Rebecca  Thompson  ;  G.  H.  P.,  Emeline 
Williams ;  G.  Sec,  Elizabeth  Craig.  Officers  at 
that  time :  I.  H.  P.,  Priscilla  B.  Ayres ;  P.  L  H.  P., 
Mary  A.  Merkle;  H.  P.,  Mary  West;  S.  of  Cer., 
Catharine  Cadwell;  Rec.  Sec,  Isabella  Stansbury ; 
Fin.  Sec,  Elizabeth  Gordon  ;  Treas.,  Mary  W. 
Saunders  ;  S.  Inspectress,  Sarah  Rickards  ;  J.  In- 
apectress,  Rachel  Litchenfelt  ;  Tiler,  Harriet 
Stiles;  S.  I.,  Mattie  Randolph;  J.  L,  Cecelia 
Hauley;  Tiler,  Anna  Smick;  Rec.  Sec,  Kate  F. 
Cadwell;  Fin.  Sec,  Mary  M.  Davis;  Treas.,  Re- 
becca Eastlack. 

Colored  ]\Iasonic  Bodies. — Rising  Sun  Lodge 
of  Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  composed  of  col- 
ored citizens,  was  formed  at  the  house  of  Ishmael 
Locks,  southeast  corner  of  Fifth  Street  and  Cherry, 
under  a  charter  granted  to  Thomas  Barns,  W.  M. ; 
George  Jackson,  S.  W. ;  and  Wesley  Armstrong, 
J.  W.,  dated  May  13,  1847.  In  1849  the  meet- 
ings were  held  in  Butler's  Hall,  built  for  the  pur- 
pose, on  Sycamore  Street,  east  of  Seventh.  They 
afterwards  met  in  a  hall  on  Spruce  Street,  below 
Third;  in  1874,  at  Fourth  and  Walnut,  and  in 
1875  in  Newton  Hall,  Broadway  and  Newton 
Avenue,  which  is  now  the  general  headquarters  of 
the  several  Colored  Masonic  fraternities.  The 
warrant  was  granted  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Penn- 
sylvania, which  received  its  warrant  from  Princes 
Hall  Grand  Lodge  of  Massachusetts,  in  its  turn 
the  recipient  of  a  warrant  from  the  Grand  Lodge 
of  England,  dated  September  29,  1784,  granting 
authority  to  open  and  hold  African  Lodge,  No. 
459,  in  the  city  of  Boston. 

When  the  Grand  Lodge  of  New  Jersey  was 
formed,  June  12,  1848,  Rising  Sun  became  No.  4, 
and,  on  the  union  of  Colored  Masons  of  the  State 
under  one  jurisdiction,  became  No.  1,  which  num- 
ber it  still  holds.  Rising  Sun  has  furnished  a 
number  of  Grand  Masters  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of 
New  Jersey,  as  follows :  George  Walton,  Anthony 
Colding,  George  Jackson,  Henry  Maikey,  Demp- 
sey  D.  Butler,  R.  F.  Lovett,  Jacob  F,  Derrickson, 
William  R.  Shipley  and  Philip  T.  Colding.  The 
officers  elected  in  1886  are— W.  M.,  James  H. 
Leatherberry ;  S.  W.,  William  O.  Castor;  J.  W., 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


563 


Gilbert   Webb;    Treasurer,  Dempsey   D.   Butler; 
Secretary,  Jacob  T.  Derrickson. 

Aurora  Lodge,  No.  9,  F.  and  A.  M.,  also  meets 
in  Newton  Hall,  as  do  these  co-fraternities, — 
St.  Luke's  Chapter,  No.  1,  Royal  Arch  Masons; 
Demolley  Commandery,  Knights  Templar,  No.  1 ; 
Eureka  Chapter,  Lodge  of  Perfection,  No.  2,  Frank 
T.  Webster,  M.  P.  M.  ;  Oriental  Council,  No.  2, 
Princes  of  Jerusalem,  John  H.  Bean,  I.  M.  E. ; 
Union  Chapter,  Knights  of  Rose  Croix,  John  W. 
Mays,  M.  W. ;  Dehoco  Consistory,  Sublime  Princes 
of  the  Royal  Secret,  Charles  N.  Robinson,  I.  S.  C. 

Aurora  Lodge,  No.  9,  Free  and  Accepted  Ma- 
sons (colored),  was  instituted,  by  dispensation, 
August  11,  1853,  and  was  duly  organized  by  war- 
rant under  the  jurisdiction  and  authority  of  the 
M.  W.  Union  Grand  Lodge  of  New  Jersey,  and 
was  granted  to  the  following :  Aaron  Fisher,  Enoch 
Little,  Freeman  Gould,  Samuel  Cleaver,  Hezekiah 
Kinching,  James  Venning  and  Nicholas  Boston. 
The  lodge  was  organized,  and  met  for  many  years, 
in  the  rear  of  the  Macedonia  Church,  but  now 
meets  in  Newton  Hall.  From  its  foundation  all 
obligations  have  been  met,  and  no  one  meeting  has 
been  omitted. 

The  present  officers  are :  James  Robinson,  W. 
M. ;  Moses  Stevens,  S.  W. ;  George  Nixon,  J.  W. ; 
James  Martin,  T. ;  Charles  N.  Robinson. 

The  Grand  Lodge  of  New  Jersey,  which 
meets  in  Camden,  was  organized  June  12,  1848,  by 
a  convention  comprising  representatives  from 
these  lodges:  St.  John's,  No.  8,  Trenton  ;  Unity, 
No.  11,  Burlington ;  Mount  Moriah,  No.  12,  Salem, 
and  Rising  Sun,  No.  19,  Camden.  The  officers 
elected  were  M.  W.  G.  M.,  George  Shrive,  No.  8  ; 
D.  G.  M.,  Benjamin  Jackson,  No.  11 ;  S,  G.  W., 
Littleton  Williams,  No.  19;  J.  G.  W.,  George 
Jackson,  No.  19;  G.  Treasurer,  Benjamin  Stew- 
ard ;  Grand  Secretary,  Joshua  Woodlin. 

This  Grand  Lodge  was  known  as  the  Union 
Grand  Lodge  for  the  State  of  New  Jersey.  A 
question  of  sovereignty,  in  1850,  caused  a  split, 
•  but  in  1875,  at  a  convention  representing  all  the 
lodges  of  both  jurisdictions,  when  a  union  of  the 
two  bodies  was  effected,  and  the  M.  W.  United 
Lodge  for  the  State  of  New  Jersey  was  formed, 
and  the  officers  elected  were  M.  W.  G.  M.,  Charles 
N.  Robinson  ;  D.  G.  M.,  Moses  Wilcox  ;  S.  G.  W., 
John  H.  Bean ;  J.  G.  W.,  Pierce  Brown  ;  G.  T., 
I.  Sample  ;.G.  S.,  Jacob  T.  Derrickson  ;  Cor.  G.  8., 
J.  Henry  Hall. 

The  United  Grand  Lodge  meets  annually  at 
their  Grand  East,  Broadway  and  Newton  Avenue, 
on  the  27th  of  December,  and  controls  all  the 
lodges  of  Colored  F.  .and  A.  Masons  of  the  State, 


numbering  thirty,  with  an  aggregate  membership 
of  six  hundred. 

The  Past  M.  W.  G.  Masters  of  United  Grand 
Lodge  are :  1876-77,  Charles  N.  Robinson  ;  1878, 
Joshua  Gurney;  1879,  Philip  T.  Colding;  1880, 
Wm.  F.  Powell;  1881,  John  W.  Mays;  1882, 
Paul  Hammond;  1883,  Philip  T.  Colding;  and 
1885,  George  Bailey,  Jr. 

The  officers  for  1886  are  M.  W.  G.  M.,  Francis 
Farmer;  D.  G.  W.  M.,  John  H.  Bean  ;  M.  W.  G. 
S.  W.,  John  H.  Teebut;  M.  W.  G.  J.  W.,  Frank 
H.  Chapman;  R.  W.  G.  S.,  Charles  N.  Robinson  ; 
R.  W.  G.  T.,  Jacob  T.  Derrickson  ;  Deputy  of  the 
State  of  New  Jersey  for  the  Thirty-third  Degree, 
P.  M.  W.  G.  M.,  Philip  T.  Colding. 

independent  order  of  odd-fellows. 

New  Jersey  Lodge,  No.  1. — Ten  years  after 
Thomas  Wildey  had  formed  the  first  lodge  of  In- 
dependent Order  of  Odd-Fellows,  he  came  to  Cam- 
den, March  30,  1829,  with  a  charter  from  the  Mary- 
land Grand  Lodge,  the  fountain-head  of  Odd-Fel- 
lowship, and  founded  New  Jersey  Lodge,  No.  1. 
Thomas  Wildey  organized  the  lodge  in  person,  in 
the  room  in  Vauxhall  Garden.  The  records  have 
been  lost  and  the  names  of  the  first  New  Jersey 
Odd-Fellows  were  lost  with  them. 

New  Jersey  Lodge  has  had  an  honorable  and 
prosperous  career.  There  have  been  eight  hundred 
initiated,  seven  hundred  and  sixty  released,  sixty- 
eight  buried  and  thirty-six  thousand  dollars  paid 
out  for  sickness  and  death.  The  members  num- 
ber three  hundred  and  twenty,  and  the  meetings 
are  held  in  Central  Hall.  These  have  passed  the 
Noble  Grand  chair:  John  B.  Thompson,  James 
R.  Webb,  Samuel  Ewan,  Webster  Gill,  Daniel  J. 
Shriner,  John  PI.  Stiles,  Reuben  Holloway,  John 
Stiles,  Jacob  P.  Stone,  Lewis  R.  Beckett,  Wm.  K. 
Burrough,  Jonathan  J.  Sheppard,  R.  G.  Parvin, 
Alva  F.  Stetes,  Thomas  T.  Ellis,  George  W.  Ewan, 
Richard  Dillmore,  Charles  G.  Mayhew,  Wm.  A. 
Drown,  Westcott  Campbell,  Theodore  A.  Verlan- 
der,  Wm.  O.  Lusk,  Edward  S.  King,  Joseph  M. 
Bacon,  Charles  F.  Adams,  John  Smedley,  H.  H. 
Pease,  Mahlon  P.  Ivins,  Virgil  Willett,  Harry 
Powell,  Henry  Grosskopf,  Wm.  Husted,  Samuel 
Miles,  Stephen  Phillips,  Samuel  Ewen,  Benjamin 
Carlin,  Joseph  L.  Bright  and  George  Fox. 

The  officers  are,  N.  G.,  Wm.  E.  Rudolph;  V.  G., 
John  Corson;  P.  S.,  Virgil  Willett;  B.S.,  Charles 
Stiles;  T.,  Mahlon  F.  Ivins;  W.,  David  Phillips  ; 
C,  John  C.  Seal ;  R.  S.  S.,  David  Mundy  ;  L.  S.  S., 
George  H.  Weibel ;  R.  S.  to  N.  G.,  P.  G.,  Samuel 
Mills  ;  L.  S.  to  N.  G.,  P.  G.  J.  L.  Bright ;  I.  G., 
Albert  Phillips;  O.  G.,  A.  L.  Rudolph  ;  Chaplain, 


564 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Wm.  P.  Partenheimer ;  R.  S-  to  V.  G.,  Samuel 
Mills,  Jr. ;  L.  S.  to  V.  (J.,  Joseph  Ayers. 

Chosen  FRiENn.s  Lodoe,  No.  29,  I.  O.  of  O. 
F.,  of  New  Jersey,  was  constituted  in  Bontemps' 
Hall,  Monday  evening,  May  12,  l<S4o,  at  which 
time  a  special  session  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  New 
Jersey  was  held,  and  the  charter  presented  to  the 
lodge,  these  Grand  officers  officiating :  Samuel 
Read,  D.  D.  G.  M.,  presided,  assisted  by  P.  G.'s 
Wm.  C.  Mulford  and  C.  W.  Roberts,  of  Washing- 
ton Lodge,  No.  21 ;  Joseph  Carr,  of  Mount  Holly 
I;odge,  No.  19  ;  G.  M.  John  Perry  and  G.S.  Wm. 
Curtis,  of  the  Graud  Lodge  of  Pennsylvania ; 
Grand  Sire  Howell  Hopkins,  of  the  Grand  Lodge 
of  U.S.;  Horn  R.  Kneass  and  Smith  Skinner, 
Rep.  to  (t.  L.  of  the  U.  8.  from  G.  L.  of  Pennsyl- 
vania ;  and  brothers  from  Chosen  Friends  Lodge, 
No.  100,  of  Pennsylvania,  including  P.  G.  S. 
James  B.  Nicholson,  now  G.  S.  of  the  G.  L.  of 
Pennsylvania. 

Twenty-two  were  initiated,  including  Thomas 
W.  Mulford,  John  F.  Starr,  Joseph  C.  De  La  Cour, 
Benjamin  Scott,  Jr.,  James  W.  Shroff',  James  M. 
Cassady,  Matthew  Miller  and  Michael  Letts,  and 
these  officers  were  installed  :  N.  G.,  John  Morgan  ; 
Secretary,  Manuel  C.  White;  V.  O.,  Charles  Bon- 
temps ;  Treasurer,  Isaac  Mickle.  Chosen  Friends 
has  always  had  a  leading  influence  in  the  counsels 
of  the  order  in  this  State,  owing  to  the  men  of 
mark  among  its  members,  and  of  them  James  I\I. 
Cassady  and  John  C.  Stratford  have  been  Grand 
Masters.  Its  Past  Grands  number  thirty-seven. 
During  its  forty  years  of  •existence  not  a  meeting 
has  been  omitted  nor  benefits  failed  of  payment 
when  due. 

In  that  time  these  sums  have  been  paid  for  the 
objects  named ; 

Belief  ot  Iirothers $n,6(i0.()0 

Kclief  of  wiilowod  fiimilieB 1,600,20 

Education  of  orphaiib 237.00 

Burying  tho  doad ,'j,8H.'j..'J0 

Total 82.5,383.32 

The  lodge,  with  two  hundred  and  twelve  mem- 
bers, meets  in  Morgan's  Hall,  Thursday  evenings, 
and  is  strong  financially.  The  officers  for  1886 
are:  N.  (J.,  Benjamin  S.  Lewis;  R.  S.,  Samuel  P, 
Jones;  V.  (t.,  Lewis  Traunweiser;  P.  S.,  Robert 
W.  Meves. 

Shnatus  Lodge,  N(J.  7G,  was  instituted  in  Bon- 
temps Hull,  February  9,  1848,  with  these  officers 
in  position  :  P.  G.,  William  E.  Lafferty;  N.  G., 
C.  C.  Sadler ;  V.  (}.,  John  R.  Graham  ;  S.,  W.  B. 
Miller;  A.  S.,J.  F.Cake;  T.,WilliamMorrell.  The 
lodge  prospered  for  a  time,  but  from  various  causes 
the  charter  was  surrendered  in  ISA?.    In  1868  some 


of  the  old  members,  with  others,  decided  to  take 
up  the  surrendered  charter  and  were  duly  insti- 
tuted, with  these  charter  members:  E.  P.  Andrews, 
John  R.  Graham,  Seth  Thomas,  J.  M.  Rodgers, 
J.  M.  Sickles,  William  H.  Stansburg,  William  H. 
Jeffries,  James  H.  Stevens,  F.  H.  Shinn,  Stephen 
Parsons,  Andrew  B.  Frazee,  Frank  Skinner,  J. 
Earl  Atkinson,  A.  C.  Jackson,  William  H.  Allen. 

Since  its  reorganization  Senatus  Lodge  has  pros- 
pered. It  numbers  one  hundred  and  sixty  mem- 
bers, with  three  thousand  dollars  invested,  and  is 
well  provided  with  costly  and  complete  parapher- 
nalia for  the  work  of  the  order.  The  meetings 
are  held  Wednesday  evenings  in  Central  Hall. 
The  officers  are:  N.  G.,  Charles  Schnitzler ;  R.  8., 
John  Cook;  T.,  W.  B.  Stewart;  V.  G.,  Thomas 
Fitzgerald  ;  P.  S.,  Frank  M.  Tussey. 

WiLDEY  L()i)«E,No.  91,  was  instituted  February 
20,1849.  The  officers  for  1886  are  as  follows: 
N.  G.,  John  Marshall ;  V.  fi.,  Joseph  B.  Arm- 
strong ;  R.  S.,  Stephen  Robinson ;  P.  8.,  A.  G.  M. 
Ashley;  T.,  Robert  H.  Patton.  The  lodge  meets 
at  Wildey  Hall  every  Tuesday  evening.  The  total 
number  of  members  is  one  hundred  and  forty. 

Kane  Arctic  Loikie,  No.  1V>,  was  organized 
by  warrant  dated  August  12,  1857,  at  which  time, 
in  Odd-Fellows'  (Morgan's)  Hall,  Hampton  Wil- 
liams, of  New  Jersey  Lodge,  No.  1.,  D.D.  Grand 
Master,  installed  these  officers :  Levi  Bachrach, 
N.  G. ;  William  Hage,  V.  G. ;  Emanuel  Schneider, 
T. ;  and  with  them  initiated  these  charter  mem- 
bers :  Julius  Barth  and  .lohn  M.  Hertlein. 

The  lodge  meets  in  Central  Hall  and  has  a  mem- 
bership of  one  hundred  and  thirty ^seven,  including 
thirty-nine  Past  Grands.  The  assets  amount  to 
$3257,  $3000  of  which,  invested  in  mortgages,  re- 
alizes $180  per  year.  The  present  officers  are : 
Noble  Grand,  Bernard  Kohn  ;  Vice-Grand,  Frid- 
olin  Hanzy ;  Recording  Secretary,  Karl  E.  Treb- 
ing;  Permanent  Secretary,  Henry  Philipp;  Treas- 
urer, Levi  Bachrach. 

Camden  Lod(;e,  No.  155,  was  organized  Feb- 
ruary 17,  1871,  with  the  following  charter  mem-  ' 
hers :  Thomas  McDowell,  Samuel  M.  Gaul,  Chris- 
topher C.  Smith,  William  Randall,  Past  Grands  ; 
Frederick  G.  Thoman,  William  W.  Thoman, 
Josiah  Matlack,  Bowman  Matlack,  Horace  Ham- 
mell,  Andrew  J.  Cunningham  and  William  T. 
Brewi'r.  The  organization  took  place  in  Wil- 
dey Hall,  where  the  lodge  has  met  since.  It 
has  had  a  full  measure  of  prosperity,  numbers 
one  hundred  and  fifty-five  members  and  has  a  re- 
serve fund  of  five  thousand  dollars.  The  Past 
Grands  number  twenty-six,  and  P.  G.  William  T. 
Brewer  is  a  Past  Grand  Master.     The  present 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


565 


officers  are :  N.  G.,  Samuel  M.  Baker ;  V.  G., 
Thomas  R.  Murphy  ;  R.  S.  P.  G..  Frank  P.  Jack- 
son ;  P.  S.  P.  G.,  Edward  G.  Bagge  ;  T.  P.  G., 
Josiah  Matlack. 

Camdex  Excampmext,  No.  12,  instituted 
August  13,  1846,  meets  Fourth  and  Market,  at 
Morgan's  Hall,  second  and  fourth  Friday  nights. 
Number  of  members,  seventy-five.  The  present 
officers  are :  Chief  Patriarch,  Lewis  Traunweiser  ; 
Senior  Warden,  Sewell  H.  CoUey;  Scribe,  John 
Matlack  ;  Treasurer,  Benjamin  D.  Coley ;  High 
Priest,  Samuel  Mills,  Sr- ;  Junior  Warden,  Robert 
R.  Kates;  O.  S.  C,  Xathan  A.  Carter;  I.  S.  C, 
Theo.  W.  Pimm  ;  Guide,  Henry  Grosskopf. 

Fame  EscAMPME>rT,  No.  26,  was  instituted 
August  14, 1851.  The  officers  for  1886  are  as  fol- 
lows :  C.  P.,  Sam.  M.  Baker;  H. P.,  James  Hough- 
ton ;  S.  W.,  Asa  Kirby ;  J.  W.,  H.  J.  House  ;  T., 
Joseph  B.  Fox ;  S.,  A.  George  M.  Ashley.  This 
encampment  meets  at  Wildey  Hall  the  first  and 
third  Friday  evenings  of  every  month.  The  total 
number  of  members  is  forty-eight. 

Cajstox  RidgilEY,  No.  5,  Patriarch  Mili- 
tant, was  instituted  March  8,  1SS6.  The  present 
number  of  members  is  twenty.  The  present  offi- 
cers are:  Captain,  Jonathan  J.  Sheppard  ;  Lieu- 
tenant, James  Houghton ;  Recorder,  John  W. 
Matlack ;  Accountant,  George  Wailes ;  Ensign, 
Benjamin  F.  Fortiner.  Meetings  are  held  at  the 
northwest  corner  of  Second  and  Federal  Streets  on 
the  first  and  second  Wednesday  evenings  of  each 
month. 

Mount  Zion  Lodge,  Xo.  7,  Daughtees  of 
Rebekah,  was  instituted  Xovember  17,  1868. 
Meetings  are  held  at  Fourth  and  Market  Streets, 
in  Morgan's  Hall,  on  the  first  and  third  Friday 
nights.  The  present  officers  are :  Xoble  Grand, 
Robert  R.  Kates;  Vice-Grand,  Mrs.  H.  Strang; 
Secretary,  John  W.  Matlack  ;  Financial  Secretary, 
Lucy  Hubbs  ;  Treasurer,  Priscilla'Johnson ;  R.  S. 
N.  G.,  Mary  Campbell ;  L.  S.  N.  G.,  Mary  Corson  ; 
Warden,  J.  W.  Johnson ;  Conductor,  Mary  Paul ; 
L  S.  S.,  Lewis  Traunweiser;  O.  S.  S.  Xathan 
Carter;  Chaplain,  Althea  Bond;  R.  S.  V.  G., 
Jane  Hearu;  L.  S.  Y.  G.,  Arietta  Lewis.  The 
lodge  has  two  hundred  members. 

The  Odd-Fellows'  FrxEKAL  Aid  Associa- 
Tiox,  of  Camden,  wa-s  instituted  October  16,  ISiiS. 
The  number  of  members  at  present  is  two  hundred 
and  forty-five.  The  present  officers  are :  President, 
W.  C.  Husted  ;  Vice-President,  A.  G.  M.  Ashley; 
Secretary,  John  W.  Matlack ;  Treasurer,  Benjamin 
D.  Coley;  Directors,  Samuel  W.  Stivers,  Thomas 
W.  Pimm,  Benedict  Youngman,  Levi  Bachrach, 
68 


Harry  Bennett,  Conrad  Austermuhl,  Joseph  Der- 
hamer,  Lewis  C.  Harris,  James  Maguire. 

KXIGHTS  of  PYTHIAS. 

The  Knights  of  Pythias,  a  secret  benevolent  or- 
der, was  organized  in  the  city  of  Washington,  D.  C, 
February  19,  1864,  by  J.  H.  Rathbone.  On  No- 
vember 28,  1867,  Honorable  Stephen  D.  Young, 
William  B.  French,  Robert  F.  S.  Heath,  Richard 
B.  Wilmot,  John  Matlack,  George  W.  Conrow, 
Charles  Slayhew,  Joseph  Braddock  and  William 
Penn  Repsher,  all  residents  of  Camden,  were  ini- 
tiated into  Damon  Lodge,  Xo.  8,  in  Philadelphia. 
On  December  1 2th,  of  that  year,  the  above-named 
Knights  assembled  in  Odd-Fellows'  Hall,  in  Cam- 
den, and  were  instituted  as  Damon  Lodge  by  several 
Grand  Officers  from  Washington,  D.  C.  Upon  that 
occasion  nearly  fifty  gentlemen  were  initiated, 
among  the  number  Honorable  Samuel  Read,  who 
subsequently  became  the  first  Supreme  Chancellor. 
P.  G.  C.  Young  officiated  that  evening  as  Grand 
Junior  Guard.  At  a  later  day  charters  were  re- 
ceived for  two  lodges.  New  Jersey  Lodge  receiving 
the  first  number  and  Damon  !N*o.  2.  Undoubtedly 
a  mistake  had  been  made,  as  the  members  who  had 
been  initiated  in  Philadelphia  constituted  Damon 
Lodge  in  Camden  and  were  justly  entitled  to  the 
first  number. 

The  Grand  Lodge  was  organized  in  Camden 
March  16,  1S6S.  The  first  annual  session  was  held 
in  Camden  April  20,  1868.  The  Grand  Lodge 
meets  annually  at  Trenton,  in  February.  The  fol- 
lowing were  the  first  Grand  Officers  :  Robert  F.  S. 
Heath,  Xo.  2,  V.  G.  P. ;  Samuel  Read,  Xo.  1,  W. 
G.  C. ;  Robert  Muffett,  No.  o,  V.  G.  C. ;  William 
B.  French,  No.  2,  G.  R.  S.  ;  Charles  W.  Heisler, 
No.  1,  G.  F.  S. ;  Anthony  Phillips,  No.  1,  G.  B. ; 
John  T.  Tompkins,  No.  4,  G.  G. ;  John  L.  Sharp, 
No.  6,  G.  I.  S. ;  Frederick  L.  Cobb,  No.  3,  G.  0.  S. 

Damon  Lodge,  No.  2,  meets  at  the  southeast 
corner  of  Fourth  and  Market  Streets,  Monday 
evenings.  It  was  instituted  December  12,  1S67. 
The  first  officers  were  as  follows:  V.  P.,  Richard 
B.  Wilmot;  W.  C,  Robert  F.S.  Heath;  V.  C, 
John  W.  Matlack ;  R.  S.,  William  B.  French ; 
F.  S. ,  Charles  G.  Mayhew ;  Banker,  George  W.  Con- 
row  ;  Guide,  Samuel  E.  Radclifi" ;  I.  S.,  Stephen 
D.  Young;  O.  S.,  Joseph  B.  Braddock.  The 
present  officers  are :  P.  C,  Jacob  F.  Voight ;  C.  C, 
Charles  J.  Barr ;  V.  C,  John  O.  Zuschnitt ;  M.  at 
A.,  Robert  J.  Roberts  ;  M.  of  E.,  H.  F.  Chew;  M. 
of  F.,  Charles  E.  Fisher;  K.  of  R.  and  S., Herman 
Rosade;  Prelate,  A.  H.  Clymer;  I.  G.,  N.  A. 
Carter ;  O.  G.,  John  S.  Clark,  The  present  number 
of  members  is  one  hundred  and  twenty. 


566 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


CoEiNTHiAN  Lodge,  No.  19,  was  instituted 
March  16,  1869,  by  the  following  Grand  Lodge 
OiBcers :  James  A.  Parsons,  V.  G.  P. ;  William  H. 
Barton,  G.  C. ;  Thomas  G.  Rowand,  V.  G.  C. ;  Ben- 
jamin C.  Tatem,  G.  B. ;  William  K.  Robinson, 
G.  G. ;  J.  W.  Cochran,  G.  I.  S. ;  Samuel  I.  Wood- 
ruff, G.  O.  S. ;  William  B.  French,  G.  R.  S.  The 
officers  for  the  term  ending  September  1,  1886, 
were :  P.  C,  Frank  B.  Sweeten  ;  C.  C,  Charles  W. 
Leas ;  V.  C,  J.  G.  Howard ;  P.,  Benjamin  D. 
Gardner ;  K.  of  R.  and S.,  Harry  Fifield  ;  M.  of  F., 
Thomas  A.  Wood ;  M.  of  E.,  Benjamin  F.  Sweeten ; 
M.  at  A.,  William  W.  Curry ;  I.  G.,  Howard  Mc- 
Cormiok  ;  O.  G.,  C.  C.  Greeney.  The  number  of 
members  is  eighty-seven  ;  the  amount  paid  for  re- 
lief, eight  thousand  seven  hundred  and  forty-two 
dollars.  Place  of  meeting,  Morgan's  Hall,  Fourth 
and  Market  Streets,  every  Tuesday  evening. 

Palestine  Lodge,  No.  1,  I.  O.  Ladies  op 
Pythias,  was  organized  April  1,  1874.  The  fol- 
lowing were  the  first  oflicers  :  P.  W.  C,  Catharine 
Johnson;  F.  C,  Rebecca  Adams;  Second  C, 
Emma  Johnson  ;  Scribe  of  R.,  Annie  M.  Quick  ; 
Scribe  of  F.,  Sally  Carty  ;  Bankress,  Ruth  A.  Ross ; 
First  Guide,  Kate  Hagerman ;  Second  Guide, 
Kizzie  E.  Sparks  ;  First  M.,  Eliza  J.  Leibecke ; 
Second  M.,  Emily  Kelley  ;  Sentry  of  I.  G.,  Mary 
L.  Fields;  Sentry  of  0.  G.,  Margaret  Doyle;  Ex., 
Mattie  Gibbs ;  Dv.,  Hannah  Connelly.  The  pres- 
ent oiScers  are  :  P.  W.  C,  Elizabeth  Fames ;  F.C., 
Mary  Winters  ;  S.  C,  Ellen  Biddle;  S.  R.,  Annie 
M.  Quick;  S.  P.,  Kizzie  Sparks;  Bankres.s,  Ruth 
A.Ross;  F.  Guide,  Margaret  Whittle;  S.  Guide, 
Elizabeth  Casto;  F.  M.,  Rachel  Piper;  S.  M., 
Elizabeth  Lilly;  S.  of  I.  G.,  Lizzie  Fames ;  S.  of 
O.  G.,  Lois  Wriffbrd ;  Ex.,  Elizabeth  Long;  Dv., 
Elizabeth  Cleaver;  Guardsmen,  first,  Catharine 
Johnson  ;  second,  Isabella  Dobleman ;  third,  Mary 
E.  Whirlow  ;  fourth,  Margaret  Davis  ;  fifth,  Han- 
nah Snyder ;  sixth,  Emma  Kessler.  The  number 
of  members  is  sixty-five.  The  evening  of  meet- 
ing is  Wednesday  and  the  place  the  Hall  of  the 
Mechanics,  Fourth  and  Spruce  Streets. 

IMPROVED  order  OF  RED  MEN. 

This  order  claims  its  origin  as  a  patriotic  asso- 
ciation under  the  title  of  Society  of  Red  Men, 
composed  of  volunteers  who  were  in  garrison  at 
Fort  Mifflin,  on  the  Delaware  River,  opposite  Red 
Bank,  in  1813.  It  is  a  fraternal  and  benevolent 
organization,  with  its  ritual  based  upon  the  cus- 
toms of  the  North  American  Indians.  The  officers 
are  known  as  Sachem,  Sagamore  and  Prophet,  and 
the  members  as  warriors  and  braves,  while  the 
era  dates  from  the  landing  of  Columbus,  and  their 


time  is  divided  into  grand  suns,  moons,  suns,  runs 
and  breaths.  The  subordinate  body  is  called 
Tribe,  that  of  the  State,  Great  Council,  and  of 
the  country.  Great  Council  of  the  United  States. 
The  Great  Council  of  New  Jersey  was  instituted 
in  Trenton,  by  Great  Incohonee  Robert  Sullivan, 
there  being  at  the  time  three  tribes  in  the  State — 
Arreseoh,  No.  1 ;  Lenni  Lenape,  No.  2;  and  Red 
Bird,  No.  3.     These  were  under  its  jurisdiction. 

Iroquois  Degree  Council,  No.  3,  was  insti- 
tuted December  18,  1884,  the  Great  Chiefs  present 
being :  G.  P.,  Daniel  M.  Stevens ;  G.  S.,  Reuben  L. 
Bowen ;  G.  J.  S.,  Samuel  L.  Durand  ;  G.  C.  of  R., 
John  T.  Davies  ;  G.  K.  of  W.,  C.  G.  Zimmerman ; 
D.  G.  S.,  Leonard  L.  Roray.  The  first  Chiefs  were : 
P.,  David  B.  Petersen  ;  S.,  George  W.  Ewan  ;  S.  S., 
J.  C.  Mason  ;  J.  S.,  George  Walters ;  C.  of  R.,  D. 
C.  Vannote;  K.  of  W.,  Tobias  Altman.  The 
present  Chiefs  are :  P.,  J.  C.  Mason ;  Sachem, 
Frank  Applegate  ;  S.  S.,  Lemuel  Pike ;  J.  S.,  Au- 
gustus Barto  ;  C.  of  R.,  F.  H.  Drake;  K.  of  W., 
Tobias  Altman.  The  number  of  members  is  thirty- 
five.  The  council  meets  on  the  second  and  fourth 
Tuesdays  of  each  month,  at  Broadway  and  Kaighn 
Avenue. 

Lenni  Lbnapb  Tribe,  No.  2,  is  the  oldest 
existing  tribe  of  the  order  in  the  State,  and  in 
numbers  and  wealth  the  strongest  and  richest  in 
the  United  States.  It  was  instituted  May  10,  1850, 
by  Great  Incohonee  William  B.  Davis,  assisted 
by  Francis  Fullerton,  of  Lenni  Lenape  Tribe, 
No.  3,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  Great  Chief  of  Records 
of  the  United  States.  These  were  the  charter 
members :  Nathaniel  Chew,  William  F.  Colbert, 
John  T.  Davis,  Timothy  C.  Moore,  Sylvester 
Rainhard,  Joseph  Shipley,  Daniel  S.  Garwood, 
William  Beckett,  George  Wood,  E.  D.  Brister, 
John  Wood,  Joseph  Myers,  Albert  Robertson, 
John  W.  Hoey,  James  B.  Richardson,  Robert 
Maguire,  Joseph  B.  Hawkins,  James  O.  Stillwell 
and  Anthony  Joline.  The  ofiicerswere  as  follows: 
P.,  Timothy  C.  Moore  ;  S.,  Nathaniel  Chew  ;  S.  S., 
John  Wood  ;  J.  S.,  William  F.  Colbert ;  C.  of  R., 
Joseph  Myers  ;  K.  of  W.,  Albert  Robertson. 

Lenni  Lenape  has  had  an  eventful  career,  at 
times  flourishing  and  at  other  times  so  short  of 
funds  that  a  few  faithful  members  paid  expenses 
and  benefits  out  of  their  private  purses,  but  per- 
sistence won  at  last  and  a  flood  tide  of  prosperity 
set  in,  which  has  continued  until  the  Lenni 
Lenapes  number  seven  hundred  and  thirty-two 
and  the  wampum  belt  contains  $21,370.89. 

Among  its  members  are  these  Past  Great  Sachems : 
George  W.  Watson,  John  T.  Davis,  Charles  H. 
Gordon,  Thomas  J.  Francis  and  Daniel  M.  Stevens ; 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


567 


and  of  its  Past  Sachems  these  are  living:  Timothy 
C.  Moore,  Henry  A.  Breyer,  Lewis  Zeigler,  Samuel 
J.  Fenner,  Edward  J.  Steer,  William  F.  Farr, 
Samuel  D.  Watson,  George  Horneff,  George  A. 
Cairole,  Thomas  J.  Eowaiid,  Samuel  A.  Owens, 
Benjamin  M.  Braker,  Lambert  Banes,  George 
Pfeifl'er,  William  Sheridan,  Thomas  F.  Muckelson, 
Hope  Sutton,  James  P.  Moore,  D.  D.  Worts, 
Leonard  Raray,  Benjamin  J.  Price,  John  A.  Hall, 
B.  S.  M.  Branning,  Abraham  Davis,  Harry  B. 
Garrison,  Walter  E.  Garwood,  George  A.  Eogers, 
William  C.  Davis,  Frank  P.  Jackson,  H.  Frank 
Pettit,  John  A.  Harbeson,  John  Quick,  Angus  B. 
Cameron,  Lewis  Z.  Noble,  George  Leath white, 
Conrad  F.  Austermuhl,  John  K.  Seagrove,  Charles 
L.  Vansciver,  Harry  Hoffman,  Harry  B.  Tyler, 
James  H.  Eeeve  and  George  W.  Davis.  The 
officers  are:  P.,  G.  W.  Davis  ;  S.,  Edward  Francis; 
S.  S.,  Samuel  Baker  ;  J.  S.,  Joseph  Watson ;  C.  of 
E.,L.  Z.  Noble;  K.  of  W.,  C.  F.  Austermuhl; 
Trustees,  T.  J.  Francis,  T.  F.  Muckelson,  J.  K. 
Eeeve,  L.  L.  Earay  and  H.  F.  Pettit. 

Ottawa  Tribe,  No.  15,  was  instituted  in  Wash- 
ington Hall,  in  the  Wigwam  of  Lenni  Lenape, 
June  2, 1868,  by  Great  Sachem  Jame-s  A.  Parsons, 
G.  S.  S.  G.  Charles  H.  Gordon;  G.  K.  of  W.  Charles 
H.  Chew  and  G.  C.  of  E.  John  T.  Davis,  who  ini- 
tiated and  installed  the  following  : 

Samuel  S.  Eadclifif,  P. ;  George  A.  Driesback,  S. ; 
Andrew  Snyder,  S.  S. ;  Eichard  Elwell,  J.  E. ; 
Edward  L.  Duffell,  C.  of  E. ;  Joseph  L.  Bright,  K. 
of  W. ;  James  Smoker,  Wm.  Soper,  Eistine  Lippin- 
cott,  Charles  Watson,  John  Haverstick,  Charles 
H.  Jeffries,  Charles  H.  Pugh,  Thomas  Piatt, 
Leonard  Smith,  Isaac  P.  Stone,  A.  W.  Hutchinson, 
Chas.  A.  Layer,  E.  W.  N.  Custus,  Chas.  Clenden- 
ing,  George  W.  Myers,  Thos.  J.  Sparks,  John 
Crookshanks,  Josiah  Matlack,  Edward  Eenshaw. 
Of  the  thirty-six  Past  Sachems,  these  are  still 
members :  Joseph  L.  Bright,  John  W.  Matlack, 
John  Shelhorn,  Thos.  J.  Sparks,  Wm.  H.  Gill, 
Henry  E.  Snyder,  George  Eoth,  Edward  C.  Sparks, 
Frank  H.  Tice,  Isaac  Lippincott,  George  A.  Saund- 
ers, Elisha  Chew,  Ernest  D.  Chafey,  Frederick 
Wahi,  Wm.  A.  Aikens,  Clark  Osier,  John  Fox,  Jr., 
Levi  B.  Eandall,  George  W.  Ewan,  Wm.  J.  Titus. 
There  have  been  adopted  into  the  Tribe  nine 
hundred  and  ten  pale-faces  and  the  membership 
numbers  four  hundred  and  forty-one.  The  aggre- 
gate income  since  the  institution  of  the  tribe  has 
been  $34,120.44,  and  the  expenditures,  $27,496.84; 
balance  on  hand  and  invested  July  1,  1886,  $6,- 
624.62. 

The  officers  are — Prophet,    Wm.  J.  Titus ;  Sa- 
chem, Nelson  Lyons ;  Senior  Sagamore,  John  E. 


Gordon;  Junior  Sagamore,  Frank  H.  Eandall; 
Chief  of  Records,  Joseph  L.  Bright ;  Keeper  of 
Wampum,  Levi  B.  Eandall;  Assistant  Chief  of 
Eecords,  Harry  Sharp.  The  meetings  are  now 
held  in  Central  Hall  on  Thursday  evenings. 

Wyoming  Tribe,  No.  55,  was  instituted  July 
8,  1880.  The  Great  Chiefs  present  were  Great 
Prophet,  Wm.  P.  Hall ;  Great  Sachem,  James  M. 
Smith;  G.  C.  of  R.,  John  T.  Davis.  The  first 
Chiefs  of  the  tribe  were  Prophet,  Joseph  H.  Min- 
nett;  Sachem,  Alonzo  Bicking  ;  Senior  Sagamore, 
Chas.  G.  Zimmerman  ;  Junior  Sagamore,  Wm.  F. 
Propert;  C.  of  R.,  D.  C.  Vannote;  K.  of  W.,  Jos. 
B.  Fox.  The  present  Chiefs— P.,  J.  A.  Dold;  S., 
Henry  C.  Boddy;  S.  S.,  Wm.  B.  Bignell;  J.  S., 
Wm.  J.  Boddy;  C.  of  R.,  D.  C.  Vannote ;  K.  of 
W.,  J.  B.  Fox.  The  number  of  members  is  one 
hundred  and  fifty- eight.  The  lodge  meets  Wednes- 
day evenings  at  Third  and  Market  Streets. 

Metamora  Tribe,  No.  71,  was  instituted  June 
4,  1884,  with  the  following  Great  Chiefs  present : 
G.  P.,  Daniel  M.  Stevens;  G.  S.,  Reuben  L.  Bo  wen ; 
G.  J.  S.,  Samuel  L.  Durand;  G.  C.  of  R.,  John  T. 
Davis  ;  G.  K.  of  W.,  Charles  G.  Zimmerman.  The 
first  Chiefs  were — P.,  Edgar  Hardcastle;  S.,  Rich- 
ard T.  Bender ;  S.  S.,  Joseph  Rubicon ;  J.  S.,  Wm. 
B.  Reeves  ;  C.  of  R,,  Robert  King,  Jr. ;  K.  of  W., 
John  H.  Daniels.  The  present  Chiefs  are — P., 
Jos.  C.  Jeffries;  S.,  Geo.  Walters;  S.  S.,  Wm.  H. 
Stone  ;  J.  S.,  Geo.  W.  James ;  C.  of  R.,  Robt.  King, 
Jr.;  K.  of  W.,  John  H.  Daniels.  The  number  of 
members  is  one  hundred  and  thirty-one.  Meetings 
are  held  Friday  evenings  at  Broadway  and  Kaighn 
Avenue. 

Sioux  Tribe,  No.  25,  was  instituted  in  Wildey 
Hall,  March  23,  1871,  by  Great  Sachem  John  E. 
Cheeseman,  with  members  of  Sioux  Tribe,  Phila- 
delphia, who  presented  them  with  a  set  of  toma- 
hawks, still  in  use.  The  officers  were:  S.,  Silas 
Letchford ;  S.  S.,  John  A.  Parker ;  J.  S.,  John 
Fox ;  C.  of  N.,  F.  W.  Wilson  ;  K.  of  W.,  David  C. 
Vannote;  Prophet,  Theodore  L.  Parker.  The 
Past  Sachems  are  Silas  Letchford,  James  Brough- 
ton,  Aaron  Hand,  William  T.  Mears,  William  F. 
Mason,  Samuel  H.  Deal,  Sr.,  John  H.  Mason,  W. 
E.  Campbell,  Charles  H.  Hagelman,  Henry  F. 
Snyder,  George  A.  Fenner,  Isaac  King,  Theodore 
L.  Parker,  David  B.  Peterson,  John  B.  Wright, 
William  Hagelman,  James  Barton,  Edward  B. 
Chew,  George  W.  Kleaver,  J.  P.  R.  Carney,  James 
C.  Mason,  Edward  A.  Martin  and  John  Barrett. 

The  officers  for  1886  are:  S.,  James  G.  Smith;  8. 
S.,  Franklin  H.  Drake;  J.  S.,  Daniel  England;  P., 
J.  P.  R.  Carney;  C.  of  R.,  John  P.  Wright; 
Assistant  C.  of  R.,  David  B.  Peterson.    The  tribe 


568 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


has  a  membership  of  two  hundred  and  ninety-three, 
and  a  reserve  fund  of  $455.76. 

DAUGHTEES  OP  THE   FOREST. 

Geand  Council  Impeoved  DAucniTEES  or 
THE  FoEEST.— The  First  Council  Fire  was  on  the 
Ninth  Sun  of  the  Traveling  Moon,  October,  1874. 
The  officers  for  1886  are:  G.  V.  P.,  Mrs.  Kate 
Tyler;  G.  N.  I.,  Mrs.  Mary  A.  F.  Ward;  G.  W.  I., 
Mrs.  Mary  M.  Davis  ;  (i.  G.  W.,  Mrs.  Mary  Clino; 
G.  C.  of  B.,  Mrs.  Cornelia  Cox  ;  G.  K.  of  W.,  Mrs, 
Hannah  G.  Ivins ;  G.  6.  of  T.,  Mrs.  Stratton ; 
G.  of  F.,  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Corcoran.  Number  of 
Grand  Council  members,  one  hundred  and  thirty. 

The  Grand  Council  meets  four  times  yearly  at 
Wildey  Hall.  The  number  of  subordinate  tents 
is  ten,  as  fellows :  Cherokee  Tent,  No.  1 ;  Lenni 
Lenape,  No.  2;  Morning  Light,  No.  3;  Sioux,  No. 
4;  Ottawa,  No.  8;  Manumuskin,  No.  11;  Wyo- 
ming, No.  12  ;  Delaware,  No.  18;  Tippecanoe,  No. 
14 ;  Osceola,  No.  15.  The  total  number  of  subor- 
dinate tent  members  is  one  thousand  four  hundred 
and  twenty-four. 

Cheeokee  Tent,  No.  1,  was  organized  Janu- 
ary 18,  1858,  at  Fourth  and  Spruce  Streets,  the 
officers  being:  V.  P.,  Rebecca  Seagrave;  N.  I., 
Lena  Leon ;  W.  I.,  Alice  Piper ;  G.  W.,  Cecilia 
Hanley ;  First  Squaw,  Abbie  Doughty ;  Second 
Squaw,  Anna  Smick ;  Third  Squaw,  Caroline  Car- 
regan  ;  Fourth  Squaw,  Eosa  Schregler;  K.  of  T.^ 
Susan  Weaver ;  K.  of  F.,  Julia  Coleman.  Meet- 
ings are  held  Tuesday  evenings,  at  the  northeast 
corner  of  Third  and  Federal  Streets.  The  mem- 
bers number  eighty-two. 

Lenni  Lenape  Tent,  No.  2,  was  organized  as 
Chippewa  Tent,  No.  8,  February  21,  1868,  by 
Great  Noble  Incas  Elizabeth  Strumpfer  and  Great 
Chief  of  Records  Mary  A.  Furter,  assisted  by  the 
Great  Council  of  Pennsylvania.  Fifty-three,  con- 
stituting the  charter  members,  were  initiated,  and 
these  officers  installed :  Noble  Incas,  Sarah  Y. 
Winner;  Worthy  Incas,  Roselina  E.  Smith; 
Prophetess,  Rebecca  M.  Thompson ;  Good  Watcher, 
Hannah  G.  Ivans ;  Chieftess  of  Records,  Susannah 
Poole;Wampum  Scribe, CordeliaMatlack;  Worthy 
Keeper  of  Wampum,  Margaret  W.  Boyd  ;  Squaws, 
Ruth  A.  Ross,  Elizabeth  North,  Clara  Muckelson, 
Mary  M.  Lindale ;  Keeper  of  the  Tent,  Margaretta 
Hampton  ;  Keeper  of  the  Forest,  Camilla  Sloan. 

In  September,  1868,  the  name  was  changed  to 
Lenni  Lenape  Tent,  No,  2,  and  the  meeting-place 
afterwards  changed  to  Wildey  Hall.  The  tent  has 
sixty-two  past  officers,  three  Past  Grand  Officers, 
and  ia  working  under  the  Great  Council  of  New 
Jersey.     The   membership   numbers   eighty,  and 


since  1869 one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  ninety- 
.six  dollars  has  been  paid  for  sickness,  and  five 
hundred  and  ninety-five  dollars  for  funeral  bone- 
fits  ;  since  the  fornuition  two  hundred  and  eighty- 
eight  have  been  initiated.  The  wampum  on  hand 
amounts  to  one  thousand  dollars.  The  officers 
are :  W.  P.,  Roselina  E.  Smith ;  N.  I.,  Emma  A. 
Pierson  ;  W.  I.,  Keturah  Tenner  ;  G.  W.,  Susan 
Sweeten  ;  C.  of  P.,  Rebecca  M.  Thompson  ;  W.  S., 
Cordelia  Matlack ;  W.  K.  of  W.,  Margaret  W. 
Boyd;  Squaws,  Roxanna  Severns,  Ellen  Walton, 
Maria  Kerens  and  Elizabeth  Campbell;  K.  of  T., 
Leonora  Flowers;  K.  of  F.,  Rachel  B.  Stone. 

Sioux  Tent,  No.  4,  was  organized  at  Wildey 
Hall,  the  Twelfth  Sun  of  Plant  Moon,  (April,) 
1872.  The  officers  for  1886  are  as  follows:  P., 
Hannah  Shettinger;  N.  I.,  Rebecca  Davis;  W.  I,, 
Mary  J.  Van  note  ;  G.  W.,  Sallie  Thomas;  G.  ofC, 
Lizzie  Olden;  G.  of  W.,  Sarah  Wiatt;  C.  of  R., 
Mary  E.  Corcoran ;  W.  S.,  Katie  Darnell ;  K.  of  W., 
Sarah  Letchford;  First  S.,  Virginia  Ploetz;  Second 
S.,  Virginia  Gonardo ;  Third  S.,  H.  Cavanal ; 
Fourth  S.,  Lizzie  Banes.  Meetings  are  held  every 
Tuesday  evening  at  Mechanics'  Hall,  southwest 
corner  of  Fourth  and  Spruce  Streets.  The  number 
of  members  is  seventy-throe. 

Ottawa  Tent,  No.  8,  was  organized  January  12, 
1874,  iu  Yeager's  Hall.  The  Past  Officers  who 
are  members  of  the  Grand  Tent  of  New  Jersey 
number  twenty-five,  and  among  the  members  of 
Ottawa  are  two  Past  Grand  Officers.  The  tent 
has  prospered  and  has  a  membership  of  one  hun- 
dred and  forty-five,  with  twelve  hundred  dollars  in 
the  treasury  or  invested.  The  officers  are:  G.  P., 
Mary  Sutton  ;  A.  I.,  Mattie  Craig ;  W.  I.,  Sarah 
Oehrle ;  G.  W.,  Rose  Prickett ;  C.  R.,  Lizzie  Lilly ; 
W.  S.,  Margaret  Snyder  ;  K.  W.,  Anna  J.  Wright ; 
Trustees,  Levi  B.  Randall,  William  T.  Mears,  John 
Matlack. 

Wyoming  Tent,  No.  12,  was  instituted  the  28th 
Sun  of  Flower  Moon  (May),  1880.  The  officers  for 
1886  are :  P.,  Cornelia  Cox ;  N.  I.,  H.  F.  Steward ; 
W.  I.,  Mary  Houseman  ;  G.  W.,  Henrietta  Silance ; 

G.  of  F., Trullender;  G.  of  T.,  C.  A.  Knight ; 

C.  of  R.,  Mary  A.  F.  Ward  ;  W.  S..  Anna  Nulli- 
ner  ;  K.  of  W.,  Annie  Williams;  1st  Sq.,  Mrs.  L. 
Broadwater ;  2d  Sq.,  Annie  Steam ;  8d  Sq.,  Eliza 
Snow;  4th  Sq.,  Maggie  Stone.  The  number  of 
members  at  present  is  fifty-five.  Meetings  are 
held  every  Wednesday  evening  at  Mechanics' 
Hall. 

Tipj>e(!AnoeTent,No.  14,  was  instituted  9th  Sun, 
Plant  Moon  (April),  1886.  The  following  are  the 
officers  for  1886;  I'.,  Fannie  Williams;  N.  I., 
Emma  Morri.s;  W.  I.,  Amanda  Hoe  ;  G.  W.,  Min- 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


569 


nie  L.  Wyle;  C.  of  E.,  Lyda  A.  Cathcart;  W.  S., 
Susanna  L.  Rupert ;  K.  ofW.,  Susanna  M.Eiatine  ; 
G.  of  F.,  Sadie  Marembeck  ;  G.  of  T.,  Viola  S.  E. 
Marembeck;  1st  Sq.,  Annie  Wilkinson;  2d  Sq.i 
Ella  M.  Madison ;  3d  Sq.,  Minnie  Madison ;  4th 
Sq.,  Emma  L.  Hemmingway.  Charter  members  ; 
Jane  Madison,  M.  E.  D.  Morris,  Kate  Hunt.  The 
tent  meets  every  Friday  evening  at  Wright's 
Hall,  in  Wrightsville.  The  number  of  members 
is  thirty-two. 

KNIGHTS  OF  THE  GOLDEN  EAGLE. 

The  Knights  of  the  Golden  Eagle  is  a  secret 
benevolent  institution,  founded  in  Baltimore,  Md., 
February  6,  1873,  and  is  now  in  successful  opera- 
tion in  the  States  of  Maryland,  Pennsylvania, 
Massachusetts,  Delaware,  New  Jersey,  California, 
Ohio,  New  York,  Iowa,  Georgia,  Connecticut, 
West  Virginia,  Indiana,  Michigan,  Missouri,  Col- 
orado, Virginia,  Illinois,  Alabama  and  the  District 
of  Columbia.  It  is  based  upon  the  most  liberal 
principles  consistent  with  future  prosperity,  and 
has  for  its  motto,  ''  Fidelity,  Valor  and  Honor,"  a 
trinity  of  graces  which  are  taught  in  its  ritual. 

The  order  has  for  its  main  object  the  promo- 
tion of  the  principles  of  true  benevolence,  asso- 
ciating its  members  together  for  purposes  of  mu- 
tual relief  against  the  trials  and  difficulties  which 
attach  to  sickness,  distress  and  death,  so  far  as  they 
may  be  mitigated  by  sympathy  and  pecuniary 
assistance.  It  studiously  avoids  all  sectarian  and 
political  controversy,  and  aims  to  cultivate  the  so- 
cial, moral  and  intellectual  feelings  of  its  mem- 
bers, and  to  promote  their  welware  in  all  the  walks 
of  life. 

The  Order  of  the  Knights  of  the  Golden  Eagle 
was  introduced  into  the  State  of  New  Jersey  in 
the  summer  of  1883,  Camden  Castle,  No.  1,  being 
instituted  in  August  of  that  year  with  twenty-four 
members.  During  the  year  1884  four  new  castles 
were  instituted,  at  Millville,  Camden,  Mount  Holly 
and  Salem,  respectively — the  membership,  at  the 
close  of  the  year,  being  iive  hundred  and  eighty- 
four.  In  1885  the  number  of  castles  was  increased 
to  ten,  with  a  membership  of  one  thousand  and 
one,  and  from  January  1,  1886,  to  the  present  time 
thirteen  new  castles  have  been  formed,  and  the 
membership  increased  to  over  two  thousand. 

The  Grand  Castle  of  New  Jersey  was  in- 
stituted July  16,  1884,  the  officers  at  institution 
being :  Past  Grand  Chief,  John  P.  Price ;  Grand 
Chief,  Joseph  H.  Minnett;  Grand  Vice-Chief,  Wil- 
liam A.  Garrison ;  Grand  Master  of  Records,  Daniel 
M.  Stevens;  Grand  Keeper  of  Exchequer,  P.  P. 
Achenbach  ;  Grand  Sir  Herald,  George  J.  Robert- 


son ;  Grand  High  Priest,  Henry  F.  Bacon ;  Grand 
First  Guardsman,  S.  Luther  Richmond;  Grand 
Second  Guardsman,  George  W.  Stevens. 

The  present  officers  are:  Past  Grand  Chief,  Wil- 
liam A.  Garrison,  Westville ;  Grand  Chief,  Henry 
F.  Bacon,  Salem  (P.  O.  Box  200) ;  Grand  Vice- 
Chief,  Irving  W.  Kelly,  Perry  and  Montgomery 
Streets,  Trenton ;  Grand  Sir  Herald,  P.  P.  Achen- 
bach, 712  Carman  Street,  Camden  ;  Grand  High 
Priest,  John  S.  Broughton,  Trenton  ;  Grand  Mas- 
ter of  Records,  E.  D.  Senseman,  580  Clinton  Street, 
Camden  ;  Grand  Keeper  of  Exchequer,  F.  A.  Buren, 
Merchantville ;  Grand  First  Guardsman,  George 
Williams,  Wrightsville;  Grand  Second  Guards- 
man, William  F.  Perry,  Quinton. 

The  next  annual  session  will  be  held  in  Camdeni 
on  the  first  Wednesday  in  March,  1887. 

Camden  Castle,  No.  1,  was  instituted  August 
9,  1883,  with  the  following  officers :  P.  C,  Joseph 
T.  Fortiner;  N.  C,  Charles  Brown;  V.  C,  Joseph 
Rubicam;  H.  P.,  John  0.  Newhouse;  V.  H.,  Wat- 
son Stevens ;  K.  of  E.,  Charles  Aston ;  C.  of  E., 
Herman  Rosade ;  M.  of  R.,  E.  D.  Senseman ;  Sir 
H.,  Joseph  C.  Madara ;  W.  B.,  William  B.  Vanna- 
man;  W.  C,  John  J.  Pierson,  Jr. ;  Ens.,  George 
A.  Bingham;  Esq.,  William  S.  Caume;  1st  G., 
John  J.  Pierson,  Sr. ;  2d  G.,  Thomas  T.  Madara. 

The  present  officers  are :  P-  C,  Robert  F.  Stock- 
ton ;  N.  C,  Birtus  A.  Wagner ;  V.  C,  Edwin  F. 
Jones ;  H.  P.,  William  S.  Carels ;  V.  H.,  George 
Cook ;  M.  of  R.,  Howard  M.  Sexton ;  C.  of  E., 
Herman  Rosade ;  K.  of  E.,  Charles  Brown ;  S.  H., 
William  P.  Fowler. 

The  lodge  meets  every  Friday  evening  at  Lin- 
coln Hall,  Third  and  Market  Streets.  The  mem- 
bership is  three  hundred  and  forty. 

Washington  Castle,  No.  3,  was  instituted 
April  4,  1884.  The  officers  at  institution  were : 
P.  C,  John  N.  Madara ;  N.  C,  Daniel  M.  Stevens ; 
V.  C,  H.  Frank  Pettit;  V.  H.,  Andrew  G.  Van- 
naman ;  H.  P.,  James  H.  Reeves ;  K.  of  E.,  Elmer 
E.  Cox;  C.  of  E.,  Samuel  A.  Barto;  M.  of  R., 
George  W.  Stevens ;  Sir  H.,  George  S.  Fox ;  W. 
B.,  C.  0.  Pedrick;  W.  C,  James  Hoagland;  En- 
sign, Lemuel  Pike ;  Esq.,  James  Hartley ;  1st  G., 
John  Allen ;  2d  G.,  W.  B.  Waters. 

The  present  officers  are :  P.  C,  Joseph  W.  Jack- 
son ;  N.  C,  James  Spence ;  V.  C,  William  B. 
Gibbs;  H.  P.,  H.  W.  Howland;  V.  H.,  John  P. 
R.  Carney ;  M.  of  R.,  George  W.  Stevens ;  C.  of 
E.,  Charles  Sayre ;  K.  of  E.,  Elmer  E.  Cox ;  S.  H., 
William  B.  Slocum. 

The  lodge  meets  every  Friday  night,  at  Wildey 
Hall,  Fifth  and  Pine  Streets.  The  number  of 
members  is  two  hundred  and  thirty-three. 


570 


HISTOEY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


Eed  Cross  Castle,  No.  6,  was  instituted  Jan- 
uary 23,  1885,  with  the  following  officers:  P.  C. 
W.  H.  Tyler ;  N.  C,  F.  T.  Steinbach  ;  H.  P.,  Adam 
Hoffman ;  V.  H.,  Hiram  Walton ;  M.  of  K.,  Geo. 
S.  Bundick;  C.  of  E.,  Isaac  Buzby. 

The  present  officers  are :  P.  C,  Fred'k  Fearn ; 
N.  C,  Adam  Hoffman;  V.  C,  Joseph  M.  Taylor; 
H.  P.,  E.  0.  Smith;  M.  of  E.,  Walter  Hart;  C. 
of  E.,  John  Neff;  K.  of  E.,  Moses  Gour;  S.  H.,  D. 
Ewan. 

The  lodge  meets  every  Monday  night,  at  Gour's 
Hall,  249  Kaighu  Avenue.  The  number  of  mem- 
bers is  seventy-five. 

White  Cross  Castle,  No.  19,  was  instituted 
August  20,  1886,  with  the  following  officers:  P.  C, 
William  H.  Snyder;  N.  C,  Richard  Twelves; 
V.  C,  W.  D.  Reel;  H.  P.,  Morris  E.  Michel; 
v.  H.,  Joseph  Engard ;  M.  of  R.,  W.  H.  Wagoner ; 
C.  of  E.,  E.  A.  Cutwater;  K.  of  E.,  Frank  Mester; 
Sir  H.,  George  W.  Reese;  W.  B.,  E.  W.  Shallcross ; 
W.  C,  Harry  E.  Horner ;  Ens.,  Morris  Odell ; 
E<q.,  C.  E.  Swaney ;  First  Guard,  W.  H.  Strang; 
Second  Guard,  C.  E.  Bowker. 

The  lodge  meets  every  Monday  night  at  the 
northwest  corner  of  Second  and  Federal  Streets, 
Camden.    The  present  membership  is  ninety. 

MouAECH  Castle,  No.  9,  was  instituted  No" 
vember  11,  1886,  the  officers  at  institution  being  : 
P.  C,  George  L.  Frazee ;  N.  C.,  Charles  E.  Lane  > 
V.  C,  Samuel  E.  Murray ;  H.  P.,  N.  N.  Wentz ' 
V.  H.,  J.  K.  Hibbs ;  M.  of  E.,  Frank  S.  Fithian ' 
C.  of  E.,  Abram  H.  Allen ;  K.  of  E ,  Thomas  B. 
Woolston  ;  S.  H.,  James  Eudolph  ;  W.  B.,  Horace 
J.  Parks;  W.  C,  C.  P.  Baker;  Ens.,  William  H. 
Smith,  Jr. ;  Esq.,  George  Ewan ;  First  Guard, 
Charles  H.  Savidge;  Second  Guard,  George  Ewan. 

The  present  officers  are  P.  C,  John  W.  Mickle ; 
N.  C,  George  C.  Vankirk;  V.  C,  Edwin  S.  Titus; 
H.  P.,  E.  M.  Coffman;  V.  H.,  D.  P.  Steiner; 
M.  of  E.,  E.  D.  Senseman;  C.  of  E.,  Abram  H. 
Allen;  K.  of  E.,  Washington  Bucknell;  Sir  H.,- 
William  M.  Callingham;  W.  B.,  Charles  Kain ; 
W.  C,  Theo.  Austermuhl;  Ens.,  William  M. 
Strohl;  Esq.,  John  F.  Wilkins ;  First  Guard, 
Jacob  E.  Miller;  Second  Guard,  William  P. 
Eiker. 

Meetings  are  held  every  Wednesday  night  at 
the  northwest  corner  of  Fourth  and  Federal  Streets. 
The  present  membership  is  one  hundred  and 
thirteen. 

ancient  order  of  united  workmen. 

The  object  of  this  order  is  to  embrace  and  give 
equal  protection  to  all  classes  and  kinds  of  labor, 
mental  and  physical;  to  strive  earnestly  to   im- 


prove the  moral,  intellectual  and  social  condition 
of  its  members  ;  to  create  a  fund  for  the  benefit  of 
its  members  during  sickness  or  other  disability, 
and,  in  case  of  death,  to  pay  a  stipulated  sum  for 
each  member,  thus  guaranteeing  his  family  against 
want.  Its  jurisdictions  are  a  Supreme  Lodge, 
Grand  and  Subordinate  Lodges.  The  Grand 
Lodge  of  Maryland,  New  Jersey  and  Delaware  is 
thus  officered :  G.  M.  W.,  John  J.  Gallagher,  of 
Wilmington,  Del. ;  G.  F.,  William  H.  Vermilye, 
Jersey  City,  N.  J. ;  G.  0.,  James  A.  Vansant, 
Camden,  N.  J. ;  G.  G.,  John  W.  Diefendorf,  Wil- 
mington, Del.;  G.  E.,  A.  F.  Colbert,  Baltimore ; 
G.  Eeceiver,  Myer  Hirsch,  Baltimore ;  G.  M.  E., 
G.  S.  WilWns,  M.D.,  Baltimore, 

Camden  Lodge,  No.  1,  was  chartered  January 
27,  1879,  with  these  officers:  Master  Workman, 
Joseph  R.  Learning ;  Foreman,  Charles  Markley  ; 
Overseer,  George  W.  Coles;  Recorder,  Harry 
Ladow ;  Financier,  William  Thegen ;  Receiver, 
Albert  P.  Brown ;  Guide,  William  P.  Parten- 
heimer;  Inside  Watchman,  B.  M.  Denny  ;  Outside 
Watchman,  William  Jones ;  Medical  Examiner, 
H.  Genet  Taylor,  M.D.  These  were  also  charter 
members, — Moore  Beideman,  Eobert  L.  Barber, 
John  F.  Benner,  De  Witt  C.  France,  Joel  H. 
Evaul,  Henry  S.  Fortiner,  George  E.  Fortiner, 
Howard  L.  Gandy,  Merritt  Horner,  William 
Struthers,  Benjamin  G.  Smith,  William  H.  Stans- 
bury,  Marmaduke  B.  Taylor,  Frank  S.  Wells,  John 
S.  Wells.  The  lodge  has  one  hundred  and  forty- 
eight  members,  with  these  officers :  P.  M.  W.,  J. 
C.  Prickett;  M.  W.,  Virgil  Willetts;  F.,  J.  H. 
Le  Chard ;  O.,  E.  E.  Lewellen ;  E.,  W.  R.  Lun- 
drum ;  Fin.  Sec,  Charles  Markley ;  Rec.  Sec,  John 
Woltjen;  G.,  J.  S.  Pike ;  I.  W.,  John  W.  Clopper, 
Jr. ;  O.  W.,  J.  H.  Evaul ;  Medical  Examiner,  E.  R. 
Smiley,  M.D. 

Fidelity  Lodge,  No.  3,  was  instituted  Febru- 
ary 12,  1880,  with  forty-three  charter  members. 
At  the  end  of  first  year  it  had  sixty-five  members, 
and  it  now  has  three  hundred  and  thirty-eight. 
It  is  the  largest  lodge  in  the  jurisdiction,  which 
comprises  the  States  of  Maryland,  New  Jersey, 
Delaware  and  Virginia. 

The  first  officers  were :  Master  Workman,  Wil- 
liam T.  Brewer ;  Foreman,  Isaac  Shivers ;  Over- 
seer, David  C.  Brewer ;  Recorder,  August  F.  Rich- 
ter ;  Financier,  James  F.  Davis ;  Receiver,  Thomas 
I.  Gifford ;  Guide,  John  E.  Stratton ;  Inside  Watch- 
man, William  H,  Cattman;  Outside  Watchman, 
J.  Alfred  Allen  ;  Trustees,  Merritt  Horner,  George 
H.  Amon,  Richard  D.  Sheldon;  Past  Master 
Workman,  Merritt  Horner. 

The  present  officers  are  Past  Master  Workman. 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


571 


Jacob  S.  Jones ;  Master  Workman,  William  C. 
Husted;  Foreman,  D.  0.  Vanote;  Overseer,  Wil- 
liam H.  Collins  ;  Recorder,  Merritt  Horner ;  Finan- 
cier, N.  C.  Stowell ;  Receiver,  B.  S.  M.  Branning ; 
Guide,  Joseph  Ridgway;  Inside  Watchman,  L.  0. 
Harris ;  Outside  Watchman,  Robert  D.  Swain,  Jr. ; 
Trustees,  John  Harris,  C.  H.  Sayre,  Jacob  S. 
Jones. 

Provident  Lodge,  No.  4,  was  organized  March 
11,  1880,  with  these  charter  members :  Officers — 
P.  W.  M.,  B.  F.  Browning;  W.  M.,  Richard  F. 
Smith;  F.,  Frank  L.  Vinton;  O.,  George  B. 
Sellers;  Fin.,  Charles  J.  Rainey;  R.,' Irvine  0. 
Beatty ;  Rec,  Goldson  Test ;  G.,  Alvah  Bushnell ; 
I.  W.,  C.  S.  Ball ;  O.  W.,  Elwood  Davis ;  M.  E., 
Dr.  Alexander  Marcy ;  Trustees,  Rufus  Hill,  J.  C. 
Hires.  Those  officiating  at  the  organization  in 
Association  Hall  were  Past  Masters  Marmaduke 
B.  Taylor,  Charles  Markley,  George  W.  Coles, 
William  Thegen,  Harry  Ladow,  and  others  of 
.  Camden  Lodge,  No.  1. 

The  Past  Officers  are :  B.  F.  Browning,  R.  F. 
Smith,  F.L.Vinton,  G.  B.  Sellers,  A.  Bushnell, 
0.  J.  Ball,  Frank  W.  Tussey,  E.  Clark  Yardley, 
J.  E.  Lippincott,  Joseph  A.  Porter,  G.  Test,  C.  J. 
Rainey,  I.  C.  Beatty,  E.  Davis,  Harris  Graffen, 
Charles  H.  Schitzler. 

The  Present  Officers  are  P.  M.  W.,  George  C. 
Spooner;  M.  W.,  William  J.  Searle ;  Foreman, 
A.  C.  Smith ;  O.,  John  M.  Eldridge  ;  Rec,  G.  Test ; 
F.,  F.  W.  Tussey;  G.,  C.  A.  Nicholson;  I.  W., 
K.  McClung;  O.  W.,  G.  W.  Jackson;  Trustees, 
H.  Graffen,  J.  E.  Lippincott,  C.  V.  D.  Joline. 
The  lodge  has  three  hundred  and  nine  members. 

Entekpeise  Lodge,  No.  12,  was  organized  in 
Odd-Fellows'  lodge-room,  Morgan's  Hall,  January 
4, 1882,  by  George  W.  Coles  and  William  Thegen, 
with  these  charter  members :  A.  P.  Brown,  Wil- 
liam Thegen,  George  W.  Coles,  George  W.  Doak, 
John  T.  Harker,  Onan  B.  Gross,  George  C.  Ran- 
dall, John  D.  Kinsler,  Frank  P.  Stoy,  E.  B.  Slifer, 
Richard  H.  Brown,  Jr.,  Lewis  Simons,  Thomas  S. 
Hess,  Jacob  Schumacher,  William  T.  Wentz, 
Henry  E.  Collins,  Joseph  Franklin,  Alfred  W. 
Test,  Charles  Hartzell,  G.  N.  Buzby,  Theo.  B. 
Sage,  Charles  S.  Gilbert,  Ambrose  R.  Fish,  James 
Watts,  William  A.  Hamilton,  William  H.  Swin- 
dell, Nathan  F.  Shinn,  John  Nulty,  Samuel  Rob- 
bins,  Charles  Bosch,  C.  Stanley  French,  H.  B. 
Fowler,  William  J.  Street,  Robert  H.  Patton. 

The  first  officers  were :  P.  M.  W.,  William  The- 
gen ;  M.  W.,  A.  P.  Brown ;  Foreman,  George  W. 
Doak ;  Overseer,  George  0.  Randall ;  Recorder, 
Franklin    P.    Stoy ;    Financier,    G.    N.    Buzby, 


Receiver,  Samuel  Robbins ;  Medical  Examiner, 
O.  B.  Gross,  M.D. 

The  Past  Master  Workmen  are  George  W.  Coles, 
William  Thegen,  A.  P.  Brown,  George  W.  Doak, 
William  J.  Bradley,  P.  A.  Fowler,  C.  H.  Fowler, 
Charles  H.  Barnard,  G.  N.  Buzby,  Dr.  Onan  B. 
Gross,  Samuel  Robbins,  William  T.  Wentz. 

The  officers  for  1886  are  P.  M.  W.,  William  T. 
Wentz;  R.,  George  W.  Doak;  M.  W.,  George  W. 
Steed ;  Fin.,  William  Thegen ;  F.,  R.  H.  Brown, 
Jr.;  Receiver,  Samuel  Robbins;  Overseer,  H.  B. 
Fowler;  Medical  Examiner,  O.  B.  Gross,  M.D. 
The  lodge  has  ninety  members. 

OEDBH  or  UNITED  AMERICAN  MECHANICS. 

The  objects  of  this  organization  are:  "To  pre- 
serve our  free  Constitutional  Government  upon  the 
basis  of  justice  and  humanity  toward  every  mem- 
ber of  the  community  ;  to  encourage  honesty,  in- 
dustry and  sobriety ;  and  to  establish  a  policy 
which  will  insure  to  the  industrious  mechanic  and 
business  men  a  fair  remuneration  for  their  toil,  and 
a  respectahle  position  in  society.  The  members  of 
the  Order  are  pledged  :  to  assist  each  other  in  ob- 
taining employment ;  to  encourage  each  other  in 
business;  to  establish  a  sick  and  funeral  fund  ;  to 
establish  a  fund  for  the  relief  of  widows  and  or- 
phans of  deceased  members;  to  aid  members  who 
may  have  become  incapacitated  from  following 
their  usual  avocation  in  obtaining  situations  suit- 
able to  their  condition." 

The  State  Council  of  the  Order  of  United 
American  Mechanics  has  had  its  office  of  secretary 
located  in  Camden  since  1865.  Joseph  H.  Shinn 
has  been  re-elected  annually  to  the  office  of  State 
Council  secretary  since  that  year.  The  State 
Council  of  New  Jersey  received  its  charter  from 
the  National  Council,  dated  January  5,  1847,  and 
was  incorporated  by  special  act  of  the  Legislature 
of  New  Jersey,  approved  by  the  Governor  March 
7,  1871. 

The  State  Council  has  had  a  continued  existence 
since  it  was  chartered,  holding  semi-annual  meet- 
ings for  a  number  of  years;  by  a  change  made  in 
the  constitution  in  the  year  1877,  the  semi-annual 
meeting  was  dispensed  with,  making  the  annual 
meeting  held  in  September  the  only  session  during 
the  year.  There  are  quite  a  number  of  citizens  of 
Camden  who  have  taken  an  active  part  in  this 
State  organization  ;  the  following  have  filled  the 
State  Councilor's  position,  or  executive  office  of 
the  order  in  the  State  :  Joseph  L.  Bright,  1857  ; 
Jos.  H.  Shinn,  1863  ;  Abner  Sparks,  1865  ;  Edward 
S.  Andrews,  1866;  Edward  T.  James,  1867;  John 
S.  Read,  1869;  John  J.  Kaighn,   1871;  Wm.  D 


572 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


Middleton,  1876  ;  Wm.  Wiatt,  1882;  Chas.  S.  Cot- 
ting,  1884,  and  Frank  W.  Armstrong.  1886.  The 
officers  elected  September,  1886,  and  now  in  office, 
are — S.  C,  Frank  W.  Armstrong,  of  Camden ;  S. 
V.  C,  Isaiah  Van  Horn,  of  Trenton;  S.  C.  Sec, 
Joseph  H.  Shinn,  Camden ;  S.  C.  Treas.,  Abner 
Sparks,  of  Camden;  S.  C.  I.,  F.  M.  Hedden,  East 
Orange ;  S.  C.  E.,  B.  F.  McPeek,  of  Newark  ;  S. 
C.  P.,  John  Doremus,  of  PatersoD. 

The  report  of  tlie  order  in  the  State  made  at  the 
annual  session  in  the  year  1886  shows  the  humber 
of  councils  in  the  State  to  be  39 ;  number  of  mem- 
bers, 3604;  amount  of  money  received  during  the 
year,  $13,914,53  ;  amount  of  money  paid  for  relief, 
$9,683.80  ;  balance  in  treasury  and  invested,  $42,- 
669.82 ;  balance  in  widows'  and  orphans'  fund,  $10,- 
950.75. 

There  are  five  councils  of  the  order  located  in 
Camden  County,  four  in  the  city,  to  wit :  Camden 
Council,  No.  7  ;  Morning  Star  Council,  No.  11 ; 
Evening  Star  Council,  No.  19 ;  United  Council,  No. 
20  ;  Star  of  the  Union  Council,  No.  72,  at  Glou- 
cester City. 

Camden  Council,  No.  7,  was  instituted  July 
29,  1847,  when  John  R.  Thompson,  William  Rian- 
hardt,  Robert  P.  Smith,  Shelbourue  S.  Kennedy, 
David  Surran,  William  P.  Murphy,  William  C. 
Monroe,  Charles  M.  Thompson,  John  S.  Long, 
William  A.  Davis,  Charles  S.  Sturgis,  Wesley  P. 
Murray  and  Richard  Jones  met  in  Starr's  Hall, 
and  were  constituted  as  Camden  Council,  No.  7, 
by  State  Councilor  James  Cappuck  and  State 
Council  Secretary  George  S.  Willits.  They  soon 
removed  to  Bontemps'  Hall,  and  many  years  after- 
ward to  United  Order  of  American  Mechanics' 
Hall,  where  they  now  meet.  Camden  is  the  oldest 
council  of  the  order  in  the  city,  and  has  exercised 
large  influence  in  the  State,  furnishing,  among 
many  others,  these  State  Councilors, — John  S. 
Read,  William  D.  Middleton  and  Edwin  T.  Ja,mes. 
These  are  the  officers:  Junior  Ex-Councilor, 
Edwin  A.  Stone ;  Councilor,  Thaddeus  B.  An- 
drews; Vice-Councilor,  Joseph  B.  Elfreth;  Re- 
cording Secretary,  A.  Benjamin  Sparks ;  Financial 
Secretary,  Joseph  L.  Bright;  Treasurer,  Abner 
Sparks ;  Inductor,  F.  W.  Armstrong ;  Examiner, 
James  H.  Armington ;  Inside  Protector,  Merrit  H. 
Pike  ;  Outside  Protector,  Ballinger  Smick. 

Morning  Stab  Council,  No.  11,  meets  in 
American  Mechanics'  Hall,  Fourth  and  Spruce 
Streets,  on  Monday  evening.  It  was  instituted 
March  19,  1866.  On  June  30, 1886,  the  number  of 
members  was  one  hundred  and  five.  The  present 
officers  are  Councilor,  H.  M.  Cox  ;  Vice-Council- 
or, Milton  Crowell ;  Recording  Secretary,  William 


H.  Hutton;  Assistant  Recording  Secretary,  Wm. 
Early  ;  Financial  Secretary,  George  E.  Hunsinger; 
Treasurer,  Elmer  Ford;  Trustees,  William  H. 
Hutton,  Martin  D.  Fisher,  John  W.  Darnell. 

Evening  Star  Council,  No.  19,  meets  on 
Thursday  evenings  at  the  northeast  corner  of 
Broadway  and  Kaighn  Avenue.  It  was  instituted 
March  23,  1868,  and  reorganized  September  15, 
1883.  The  number  of  members  is  sixty-three. 
The  present  officers  are  C,  George  B.  Rugens ; 
V.  C,  Charles  J.  Brown  ;  R.  S.,  J.  D.  Dudley 
(residence,  227  Benson  Street);  F.  S.,  Charles 
Tucker ;  Treas.,  Jacob  V.  Scudder ;  E.,  John  F. 
Reed ;  I.,  Lewis  H.  Powell ;  I.  P.,  Harry  F.  Bron- 
nin  ;  O.  P.,  George  W.  Duncan. 

United  Council,  No.  20,  was  organized  March 
20,  1868.  On  the  ISth  a  meeting  was  held  in  Test's 
Hall,  Second  and  Federal  Streets, — William  D. 
Middleton,  chairman  ;  Jacob  R.  Lipsett,  secretary, 
and  Joseph  H.  Shinn,  treasurer, — at  which  it  was 
resolved  to  form  a  council  of  the  order,  and,  at  an 
adjourned  meeting,  held  on  the  20th,  these  officers 
were  elected, — Councilor,  Thomas  B.  Painter; 
Vice-Councilor,  Theodore  Verlander;  Recording 
Secretary,  Jacob  R.  Lipsett;  Assistant  Recording 
Secretary,  Joseph  L.  Mason  ;  Inductor,  Thomas 
Gladden,  Jr. ;  Examiner,  Belford  Conover;  Inside 
Inspector,  Edward  W.  Githens ;  Outside  Inspector, 
Jacob  P.  Stone;  Treasurer,  Daniel  B.  Shaw; 
Financial  Secretary,  Job  Bishop  ;  Trustees,  T. 
Verlander,  Richard  W.  Stiles  and  Daniel  L.  Pier- 
son.  Besides  the  above,  these  were  charter  mem- 
bers,— George  W.  Spenoe,  B.  H.  Mathis,  George 
L.  Aikins,  George  W.  Myers,  William  H.  Bassett, 
John  H.  Lawrence,  Michael  Peterson,  Jonathan 
High,  H.  W.  Hill,  Thomas  Gladden,  Sr.,  Matthew 
Miskelly,  John  Githens,  Redman  H.  Pierson, 
Henry  B.  Cheeseman,  J.  Fredericks,  Jacob  M. 
Vannest,  Benjamin  A.  Stone.  On  the  25th  of 
March,  John  S-  Read,  assisted  by  William  D. 
Middleton,  Edward  T.  James  and  Joseph  H. 
Shinn,  secretary  of  the  State  Council,  with  mem- 
bers of  No.  7,  the  applicants  were  initiated,  the 
officers  installed  and  the  council  organized  for 
work.  These  have  served  as  Councilors :  Thomas 
B.  Painter,  Theodore  Verlander,  Joseph  L.  Mason, 
Thomas  Gladden,  Jr.,  Joseph  H.  Shinn,  Jacob  P. 
Stone,  O.  M.  Oliver,  Inman  Laning,  John  M. 
Gladden,  Edward  S.  Apgar,  Charles  S.  Cotting, 
Richard  W.  Stiles,  Emmor  Applegate,  Ellis  H. 
Matlack,  Edward  Dalley,  Nathan  C.  Stowell, 
Jacob  Van  Culin,  Townsend  Phiffer,  George  W. 
Myers,  Hiram  Green,  Charles  H.  Cook,  William 
H.  Bassett,  Isaac  T.  Woodrow,  Jacob  T.  Fredericks, 
Stephen  Sarish,  Michael  Peterson,  Thomas  Haines, 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


573 


Thomas  Gladden,  Sr.,  F.  M.  Wright,  George  W. 
Fox,  Montroville  Shinn,  Frank  0.  Eogers,  Horace 
L.  Githens,  fiichard  W.  Sharp,  John  G.  Corey. 
Charles  8.  Cotting  and  Joseph  H.  Shinn  are  Past 
State  Councilors,  and  the  latter  has  been  State 
Council  Secretary  for  many  years.  The  council 
has  paid  for  benefits  and  relief  of  widows  and 
orphans  $8736.  The  membership  numbers  sixty- 
six,  and  funds  amount  to  $1936.  The  present 
officers  are  C,  John  W.  Trnax  ;  V.  C,  A.  S.  Kille  ; 
R.  Sec,  Mont.  Shinn  ;  A.  R.  Sec,  George  Seeds  ; 
F.  Sec,  Frederick  L.  Smith ;  Treas.,  Joseph  H. 
Shinn ;  Trustees,  Richard  W.  Sharp,  John  G. 
Corey,  H.  McCormick. 

INDEPENDENT  ORDER    OF  MECHANICS. 

New  Jersey  Lodge,  No.  1,  was  organized  May 
2,  1882.  The  following  are  officers  for  1886  :  W. 
M.,  Harry  Pooley,  J.  M.  Richard  Heal ;  Conductor, 
Ewing ;  Financial  Secretary,  Frank  Stein- 
back ;  Recording  Secretary,  Harry  Bartling ;  and 
Treasurer,  William  J.  Ross.  The  lodge  meets 
every  Thursday  evening,  at  Wildey  Hall.  The 
number  of  members  is  three  hundred  and  twenty. 

Enterphise  Lodge,  No.  3,  was  instituted  Jan- 
uary 1,  1883,  in  Lincoln  Hall,  with  these  offi- 
cers: P.  W.  M.,  Ellis  W.Woolverton;  W.M.,  John 
R.  Grubb  ;  J.  M.,  Charles  L.  Bennett ;  S.,  Solon 
R.  Hankinson ;  F.  S.,  Jacob  F.  Morton ;  T.,  George 
E.  Boyer.  The  charter  members  were  Ellis  W. 
Woolverton,  Charles  L.  Bennett,  George  E.  Boyer, 
Edward  S.  Andrews,  J.  Harrison  Lupton,  Baxter 
Howe,  H.  C.  Thoman,  J.  S.  Casto,  George  W. 
Wood,  J.  P.  Becket,  Samuel  Pine,  J.  L.  Fields,  O. 
K.  Lockhart,  Thomas  Tannier,  S.  W.  Gahan,  C.  T. 
Green,  Jacob  Garst,  Charles  W.  Keen,  A.  D. 
Highfield,  H.  S.  Casto,  Charles  Walton,  William 
C.  Reeves,  John  R.  Grubb,  Solon  R.  Hankinson, 
William  A.  Holland,  Daniel  Nelson,  Jacob  F. 
Morton,  James  M.  Way,  Joseph  B.  Wakemau, 
Charles  Mason,  E.  Hayden,  R.  J.  Long,  William 
Thompson,  Stacy  Nevins,  John  Shelden,  George 
Eianhard,  Charles  B.  Fithian,  John  W.  Garwood, 
William  H.  Sommers,  Isaac  Budd,  Harris  A. 
Glover,  C.  M.  Limroth,  Cliarles  Reeves,  Benjamin 
H.  Connelly andFrankJin Hewitt.  Thelodgemeets 
Friday  evenings,  in  Association  Hall,  Third  and 
Market ;  has  one  hundred  and  ninety-seven  mem- 
bers, with  a  reserve  fund  of  nine  hundred  dollars. 
Its  Past  Masters  are  E.  W.  Woolverton,  J.  R. 
Grubb,  C.  L.  Bennett,  S  R.  Hankinson,  G.  E. 
Boyer,  W.  A.  Hallam,  E.  S.  Andrews,  J.  H.  Lup- 
ton, J.  F.  Morton,  Baxter  Howe,  J.  E.  Way,  S.  C. 
Hankinson,  W.  J.  Bruehl,  E.  M.  West,  H.  L. 
Sanders,  Frank  Hewitt,  G.  W.  Willits  and  William 


Dougherty.  The  present  officers  are  :  S.  M.,  Wil- 
liam Dougherty  ;  W.  M.,  Lewis  McDowell ;  J.  M., 
Frederick  Bechtell;  S.,  James  M.  Way;  F.  S., 
Daniel  Whittecar  ;  T.,  Thomas  Hines. 

Germania  Lodge,  No.  7,  meets  in  Independ- 
ence Hall,  where  it  was  organized  March  21, 1884, 
by  Grand  Architect  Ellis  W.  Woolverton,  assisted 
by  Grand  Secretary  William  A.  Holland,  who 
initiated  these  charter  members :  Louis  Ballinger, 
Henry  Yungling,  John  Pfeiffer,  Frederick  Roedel, 
Gottleib  Hess,  Alexander  Sohlesinger,  John  Pfeiffer, 
Jr.,  Charles  Tietz,  Christian  Rehm,  Lewis  Yeager 
and  Charles  Schnabel,  and  installed  these  offi- 
cers :  S.  M.,  Charles  Ulbrioh ;  W.  M.,  Bernhart 
Boehm;  J.  M.,  August  Tegmier;  R.  S.,  Frank 
Rehm ;  F.  S.,  Emil  Bruetsch ;  T.,  John  G.  Schram ; 
Con.,  Henry  Sand ;  Cap.,  Charles  Peters.  The 
Past  Officers  are  Charles  Ulbrioh,  Henry  Sand, 
August  Tegmier  and  Paul  Ebner,  and  the  officers 
for  1886:  S.  M.,  Gottleib  Hess;  W.  M.,  Lewis 
Yeager;  J.  M.,  August  Vogel;  R.  S.,  Henry 
Rothe;  F.  S.,  Paul  Ebner;  T.,  Charles  Peters; 
Con.,  Christian  Klein ;  Chap.,  Christopher  Theile- 
mann ;  Trustees,  Lewis  Yeager,  August  Vogel 
and  Christian  Klein.  The  lodge  numbers  three 
hundred  and  twenty  members  and  its  reserve  funds 
amount  to  three  hundred  and  twenty  dollars. 

Excelsior  Lodge,  No.  9,  was  organized  in 
Lincoln  Hall,  August  22,  1884,  by  Grand  Officers 
Ellis  W.  Woolverton  and  Joseph  Louder,  assisted 
by  members  of  Enterprise  Lodge,  No.  3,  when 
these  were  initiated  :  Robert  S.  Bender,  George  M. 
Wolfe,  William  Shutt,  John  N.  Noll,  Edward 
Shuster,  John  Folwell,  Sr.,  Amos  Carrow,  Albert 
Shinn,  Jacob  Green,  Phineas  Ash,  William  Fisher, 
Bowman  Marshall,  Edward  L.  Countiss,  William 
S.  Wolfe,  Abraham  Foust,  Robert  M.  Laconey, 
Benjamin  H.  Thomas,  Thomas  Hickman,  Edgar 
B.  Slifer,  Robert  N.  Bellevow,  John  Owens,  Rob- 
ert Gibberson,  George  Smith,  Frank  Marshall  and 
Harry  W.  Sutton.  The  officers  chosen  were: 
S.  M.,  Robert  S.  Bender ;  Treasurer,  John  N.  Noll ; 
W.  M.,  William  S.  Wolfe  ;  R.  S.,  Abraham  Foust ; 
J. M.,  Edward  Shuster;  F.  S.,  Robert M.  Laconey. 
The  lodge  has  prospered  and  now  numbers  three 
hundred  and  fifteen  members,  with  assets  amount- 
ing to  seven  hundred  and  twenty-three  dollars. 
The  meeting-place  has  been  changed  to  Independ- 
ence Hall,  Fourth  and  Pine  Streets.  The  Past 
Worthy  Masters  are  Robert  S.  Bender,  William  S. 
Wolfe,  George  M.  Wolfe,  Leonhard  Boehm,  Thomas 
Locke,  William  Bell  and  David  Ewan.  The  offi- 
cers for  1886  are  :  W.  M.,  Thomas  Ainsley  ;  F.  S., 
George  M.Wolfe;  S.  M.,  James  Carnan  ;  Treas- 
urer, John   N.  Noll ;  J.  M.,  David  Ewan  ;  Chap., 


5Y4 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Edgar  Slifer;  R.  S.,  Abraham  Foust;  Con.,  Frank 
Seeds. 

BROTHERHOOD   OF  THE  UNION. 

This  order  was  organized  in  Philadelphia,  by 
George  Lippard,  in  1846.  The  principles  teach 
the  paternity  of  God,  the  fraternity  of  man,  that 
every  man  has  a  right  to  a  home  and  to  the  full 
fruits  of  his  toil ;  that  monopoly  in  land  should 
be  prevented  and  the  public  domain  given  to 
landless  settlers.  It  is  patriotic  in  its  aims,  and 
pledges  its  members  to  uphold  the  American  Union 
and  the  dignity  of  labor.  The  present  Supreme 
Washington  is  James  E.  Russell,  of  New  Jersey, 
and  the  Grand  Chief  Washington  of  New  Jersey 
is  John  M.  Clayton,  of  Camden. 

The  divisions  are  Circles,  Grand  Circles  and  a 
Supreme  Circle,  with  similar  divisions  of  the 
Home  Communion,  the  women's  .branch  of  the 
order.  There  are  in  Camden  three  Circles  and 
two  Home  Communions. 

WiTHERSPOON  Circle,  No.  1,  which  meets  in 
Wildey  Hall,  was  instituted  April  23, 1849,  George 
Lippard  officiating,  these  being  the  initiates : 
George  L.  Toy,  Joshua  W.  Roberts,  Philip  H.  Mul- 
ford,  Henry  Belsterling,  Edward  N.  Daugherty, 
Henry  Copeland,  Joseph  L.  Wright,  William  E. 
Maxwell,  David  Mills,  Michael  Seibenlist,  Isaac 
Rawn  and  Ballenger  Smith.  These  members  of 
Witherspoon  Circle  have  been  Supreme  Washing- 
ton :  George  L.  Toy,  Henry  L.  Bonsall,  William 
J.  Maguire  and  James  E.  Russell.  The  G.  E.  W.'s 
are  Edward  N.  Daugherty,  Benjamin  M.  Braker, 
Henry  Bradshaw,  Earned  Smith,  Francis  Warren, 
Isaac  Warr  and  George.  W.  Fenner.  Exalted 
Washingtons:  Andrew  R.  Ackley,  Josiah  Bozarth, 
A.  E.  Atkinson,  Charles  Deith,  E.  W.  Jones,  Albert 
V.  Mills,  Absalom  Jordan,  Benjamin  Smith,  E.  O. 
Hoefflich,  George  W.  Fenner,  Jr.,  Elisba  C.  Smith, 
William  S.  McCabe  and  George  L.  Swyler.  The 
officers  for  1886  are  :  E.  W.,  George  L.  Swyler  ; 
H.  S.  K.,  James  E.  Russell ;  C.  W.,  William  O. 
Engler;  H.  R.,  Frank  Warren ;  C  J.,  William  H. 
Harris;  H.  T.,  Harry  Bradshaw ;  C.  F.,  William 
McAllister;  H.  H.,  William  B.  Bergnell.  The 
membership  is  one  hundred  and  nineteen,  with 
seven  hundred  dollars  in  funds. 

Welcome  Circle,  No.  3,  which  meets  in  Cen- 
tral Hall,  was  instituted  December  31,  1869,  by  D. 
S.  W.  Archibald  Cochran,  who  installed  these 
officers  :  E.  W.,  Thomas  Westphall ;  H.  S.  K.,  W. 
Frank  Gaul;  C.  W.,  Benjamin  H.  Connolly;  H. 
T.,  John  Reynolds  ;  C.  J.,  Edward  Furlong;  W.  D., 
James  G.  Hyatt ;  C.  F.,  J.  E.  Atkinson;  W.  N., 
Edward  Andrews.  G.  E.  W.'s :  James  G.  Hyatt, 
J.  Harry  Stiles,  Joseph  Dufour,  Samuel  W.  Stivers, 


John  McMichael  and  John  H.  Clayton.  E.  W.'s  : 
Charles  Wriiford,  George  S.  West,  William  B. 
Jobes,  Samuel  McMichael,  Benjamin  Toy,  John  F. 
Harnpd,  J.  M.  Adams,  Samuel  Dodd,  Jr.,  Thomas 
Adams,  John  Dentist,  John  Hart,  George  Bag- 
hurst,  Ji:.,  George  L.  Knight  and  George  A.  Bag- 
hurst.  The  ofiisers  for  1886  are :  E.  W.,  George 
Wallison;  H.  S.  K.,  George  S.  West;  C.  W., 
Samuel  J.  Cook  ;  H.  R.,  John  F.  Harned  ;  C.  J., 
Charles  H.  Beck ;  H.  T.,  Joseph  Dufour ;  H.  K., 
Charles  Christman.  The  membership  is  one  hun- 
dred and  ninety-seven  and  the  assets  thirty-eight 
hundred  dollars. 

Camden  Circle,  No.  13,  meets  in  Wildey  Hall 
and  was  instituted  September  5,  1883,  when  G.  C. 
W.  E.  F.  Gilbert,  assisted  by  G.  C.  J.  Joseph 
Dufour,  G.  C.  F.  John  H.  Clayton  and  G.  E.  W. 
Frank  Warren,  installed  these  officers, — E.  W., 
Wm.  H.  McFerran ;  H.  S.  K.,  Wm.  T.  Mears ;  C.  W., 
Wm.  Wiatt;  H.  R.,  Joseph  Marple;  C.  J.,  Henry 

F.  Armour;  H.T.,  Josiah  Jones. 

The  E.  W.'s  are— Wm.  H.  McFerran,  Isaac  L. 
Chew,  Wm.  Wiatt,  Weaver  Godfrey,  L.  E.  Shep- 
pard,  Wesley  J.  Hawk,  Wm.  T.  Mears. 

The  officers  for  1886  are— E.  W.,  Charles  H. 
Jenness  ;  C.  P.,  Wm.  D.  Green ;  C.  W.,  G.  F.  L. 
Mears ;  H.  S.  K.,  Wm.  T.  Mears ;  C.  J.,  George  M. 
Bacon  ;  H.  R.,  Wm.  H.  McFerran  ;  H.  T.,  Alex. 
Wood. 

Lydia  Darrah  Home  Communion,  No.  1, 
meets  in  Mechanics'  Hall,  Fourth  and  Spruce,  and 
was  instituted  by  S.  W.  George  L.  Toy,  in  Inde- 
pendence Hall,  Fourth  and  Pine,  May  12,  1867, 
when  these  officers  were  installed :  G.,  Benj.  M. 
Braker ;  H.  S.  K.,  Wm.  J.  Maguire ;  P.,  Hannah 

G.  Ivins;  H.  R.,  Sarah  T.  Winner;  H.  T.,  Philip 
Beaber.  The  Past  Grand  Guardians  are:  Hannah 
G.  Ivins,  Susanna  Quinn  and  Elizabeth  Portz,  and 
the  Past  Guardians :  Margaret  Boyd,  Margaret 
Caperoon,  Mary  E.  Sloan,  Missouri  Pierce,  Ruth 
A.  Ross,  Josiah  Bozarth,  Emma  Knipe,  Margaret 
Deeth,  Augusta  Oeherle,  Sarah  Kirby,  Rachel  B. 
Stone,  Elizabeth  Fames,  Annie  Curtis,  Lizzie 
Fames,  Annie  M.  Quick,  Mary  M.  Davis,  Rachel 
Stephen,  Benj.  Smith,  Isaac  Warr,  Emily  Weldey, 
Elizabeth  Cleaver,  Elizabeth  Strieker,  Samuel  W. 
Stivers,  Keturah  Tenner,  Sarah  Wiatt,  Eliza  J. 
Leibach,  Elizabeth  C.  Butler,  Margaret  A.  Davis, 
Mary  Ore,  Julia  Coleman,  Sallie  Tracy,  Emma  J. 
Doyle. 

The  Home  has  had  a  useful  life,  and  after  as- 
sisting many  has  eight  hundred  dollars  invested, 
with  a  membership  of  eighty-one.  The  officers 
for  1 886  are :  P.  G.,  Mary  Ore ;  G.,  Rachel  Stephen ; 
Pro.,   Benjamin   Smith ;    Prophet,   Maggie  Cape- 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDKN. 


575 


roon  ;  Prophetess,  Emily  Weldey ;  Priest,  Mary  J. 
Cooper;  Priestess,  Emma  J.  Doyle;  H.  S.  K., 
Anuie  M.  Quick ;  H.  E.,  Rachel  B.  Stone  ;  H.  T., 
Elizabeth  Cleaver  ;  W.  D.,  Clara  Davis ;  W.  N., 
Emma  Horneff". 

Good  Samaeitax  Home  Communion,  No.  2, 
was  instituted  January  3,  1873,  by  Acting  S.  W. 
James  W.  Rusting,  when  these  officers  were  in- 
stalled ;  P.  G.,  James G.  Hyatt;  G.,  Wm.  C.  Figner; 
P.,  Catharine  Cadwell ;  Priestess,  Patience  A.  Holt ; 
Priest,  James  A.  Paul  ;  Prophetess,  Mary  A. 
Merkle ;  Prophet,  James  E.  Russell ;  S.  K.,  Edward 
Lewis ;  R.,  Hester  A.  Myers ;  T.,  Elizabeth  Hyatt, 

These  are  the  Past  Guardians :  James  G.  Hyatt. 
Annie  C.  Stiles,  Margaret  C.  Hall,  Annie  E, 
Smick,  Mary  West,  Lydia  Crane,  Wm.  Cadwell 
Mary  Baghurst,  Joseph  Dufour,  Catharine  Cad 
well,  J.  Harry  Stiles,  Alice  Piper,  Clara  Bowers, 
Matilda  Jacobs,  Annie  Fries,  Cecelia  Reeves,  Jas, 

E.  Russell,  George  S.  West,  Mary  A.  Merkle,  Mary 
Evans. 

The  officers  for  1886  are  :  P.  G.,  Annie  Hilliker ; 
G.,  Alice  Piper ;  Pro.,  Annie  Dedicate;  Prophet, 
Wm.  Cadwell ;  Prophetess,  Annie  C.  Stiles;  Priest, 
Mary  Mowery ;  Priestess,  Virginia  Mowery ;  S.  K., 
J.  Harry  Stiles ;  E.,  George  S.  West :  T.,  Mary  E. 
Merkle ;  W.  D.,  Kate  Green ;  W.  N.,  Kate  A.  Light- 
cap. 

The  Past  Grand  Guardians  are :  James  G.  Hyatt, 
J.  H.  Stiles,  James  E.  Russell,  Annie  C.  Stiles, 
Annie  E.  Smick. 

Camden  Circle,  No.  13,  was  instituted  Sep- 
tember 5,  1888,  when  Grand  Chief  Washington 
Charles  Gilbert,  assisted  by  G.  C.  J.,  Joseph  Du- 
four ;  G.  C.  F.,  John  H.  Clayton,  James  E.  Russell, 
William  J.  Maguire,  Frank  Warren  and  other, 
members  of  Witherspoon  Circle,  initiated  fifty-one 
charter  member^  and  installed  these  officers :  E.W., 
William  H.  McFerran;  C.  F.,  Henry  S-  Armour  ; 
C.  W.,  William  Wiatt ;  H.  S.  K.,  Wm.  T.  Mears ; 
C.  J.,  Jacob  B.  West;  H.  R.,  Joseph  Marple;  H. 
Treasurer,  Josiah  Jones.  The  circle  contains  some 
earnest  men  and  has  had  a  vigorous  growth.  These 
are  its  Past  Officers,  or  Exalted  Washingtons : 
William  H.  McFerran,  William  Wiatt,  Lucius  E. 
Sheppard,  Isaac  L.  Chew,  W.eaver  Godfrey,  Wes- 
ley I.  Hawk,  Charles  H.  Jenness. 

The  officers  for  1886  are:  E.  W.,  Charles  H. 
Jenness ;  C.  F.,  William  D.  Green ;  C  W.,  George 

F.  L.  Mears;  H.  S.  H.,  William  T.  Mears  ;  C.  J., 
George  M.  Bacon  ;  H.  R.,  William  H.  McFerran ; 
H.  T.,  Alexander  Hill;  Trustees,  W.  I.  Hawk, 
Jacob  Jordan,  Joseph  Marple,  G.  H.  Spaulding, 
W.  Godfrey,  H.  J.  Rarer. 


OEDER  OF  THE  IRON  HALL. 

This  order  was  organized  in  the  city  of  Indian- 
apolis in  April,  1881.  It  is  a  mutual  insurance 
organization,  as  well  as  beneficial,  and  has  had  a 
rapid  increase.  It  consists  of  supreme  and  subor- 
dinate branches,  the  first  of  the  latter  organized 
in  Camden  County. 

Local  Branch,  No.  21,  was  instituted  August 
10,  1881,  in  Mann's  Hall,  on  North  Second  Street, 
by  Past  Justice  A.  L.  Curtis,  with  twenty  charter 
members,  and  these  officers  :  Past  Justice,  A.  L. 
Curtis ;  Justice,  James  E.  Leadley ;  Vice-Justice, 
Joseph  C.  Lee ;  Accountant,  Thomas  B.  Reeves ; 
Cashier,  A.  L.  Curtis ;  Medical  Examiner,  Dr.  E. 
M.  Howard;  Adjuster,  Josephs.  Campbell;  Prel- 
ate, Lawrence  Woodruff;  Herald,  Charles  D. 
Bowyer ;  Watchman,  Charles  Reeves ;  Vidette, 
David  Phillips ;  Trustees,  Dr.  E.  M.  Howard,  Jo- 
seph C.  Lee,  Dr.  S.  G.  Wallace.  The  branch  has 
paid  to  thirty-six  sick  members  and  disabled  mem- 
bers an  aggregate  of  $3577.50,  and  has  a  member- 
ship of  one  hundred  and  two.  The  meetings  are 
held  in  Association  Hall. 

The  following  have  been  Chief  Justices  of  Branch 
21 :  1882,  S.  G.  Wallace  ;  1883,  Cbarles  A.  Hotch- 
kiss;  1884,  Lawrence  Woodruff ;  1885,  Eobert  J; 
Hill. 

The  officers  for  1886  are  as  follows :  C.  J.,  John 
Cook ;  V.  J.,  Robert  G.  Hann ;  A.,  William  M. 
Souden  ;  C,  Isaac  E.  Dukes ;  A,,  Ridgway  Gaunt ; 
P.,  S.  B.  French;  W.,  G.  Burkhardt;  V.,  Joseph 
Springer  ;  M.  E.,  E,  M.  Howard,  M.D. ;  Trustees, 
Laurence  Woodruflf,  C.  K.  Middleton,  Morris  W. 
Hall, 

Local  Branch,  No.  145,  meets  in  Wildey 
Hall,  where  it  was  organized,  January  26,1883,  by 
Deputy  Supreme  Justice  J.  S.  Dubois,  who  in- 
stalled these  officers;  C.  J.,  William  K..  Piatt; 
V.  J.,  Charles  O.  Pedrick  ;  Aoct.,  C  D.  Ross;  C, 
H.  B.  Phillips  ;  A.,  George  F.  Archer  ;  P.,  J.  S. 
Bowen. 

The  charter  members  were:  Charles  H.  Ellis, 
W.  H.  Branning,  George  A.  Odling,  James  L. 
Bowen,  J.  S.  Stone,  E.  A.  Garrison,  William  K. 
Plait,  C.  O.  Pedrick,  0.  D.  Ross. 

The  Past  Chief  Justices  are  William  K.  Piatt  and 
George  A.  Aldrich-  This  branch  has  one  hundred 
and  eight  members  and  has  paid  out  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  fifty-five  dollars,  in  sums  rang- 
ing from  ten  dollars  to  two  hundred  dollars.  The 
officers  elected  for  1886  were  :  C.  J-,  J.  M.  Driver  ; 
V.  J.,  William  Y.  Sloan  ;  Acct.,  Frank  H.  Bond ; 
C,  W.  P.  Brown ;  A.,  G.  W.  Custard  ;  P.,  Joseph 
E.  Reed;  H.,  Charles  S.  Hunter ;  Trustees,  John 
H.  Clayton,  W.  Y.  Sloan,  J.  S.  Mathis. 


576 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


LocAT,  Branch,  No.  253,  meets  in  Post  5  Hall 
and  was  instituted  Jlay  19,  ISS'i.  It  has  ninety- 
throe  members,  and  has  paid  to  sick  and  disabled 
members,  since  its  organization,  eight  hundred  and 
eighty-five  dollars,  in  xums  ranging  i'rom  fifteen 
dollars  to  two  hundred  dollars.  The  oiBcers  are  : 
Branch  Deputy,  J.  Henry  Hayes;  C.  J.,  Job  R. 
Cramer  ;  V.  J.,  A.  J.  Millictte;  Acct.,  Nathan  C. 
Stowell  ;  C,  Frank  W.  Tussey. 

Local  Branch,  No.  348,  which  meets  in  Gour's 
Hall,  was  instituted  April  20,  1886,  with  these 
officers:  C.  J., Benjamin  H.  Dillmore;  V.  J.,  How- 
ard J.  Norwood ;  Acct.,  George  D.  Dobbins ;  C, 
Frederick  B.  Smith.     It  has  forty-three  members. 

BROTHEBHOOD  OP  LOCOMOTIVE    ENGINEERS. 

Camden  Division,  No.  22,  was  organized  Oc- 
tober I'J,  1S65,  and  has  at  the  present  time  (1886), 
eighty-four  members  in  good  standing.  The 
division  meets  in  Engineers'  Hall,  No.  139  Federal 
Street,  every  second  and  Inui  th  Sundays  at  1.30 
P.M.  The  following  are  the  present  officers: 
Lewis  Elberson,  C.  E. ;  W.  Mitchell,  F.  E. ;  T.W. 
Smith,  F.  A.  E. ;  A.  D.  Reynolds,  S.  A.  E. ;  T. 
Bodell,  S.  E. ;  G.  W.  Baxter,  T.  A.  E. ;  J.  D.  Hus- 
ton, Guide;  J.  S.  Crispin,  Chaplain;  R.  Gauntt, 
Sec'y  Ins.;  T.  W.  Smith,  Cor.  Sec'y.  ;  T.  W. 
Smith,  Jour.  Agt 

BROTHERHOOD    (IE    LOCOMOTIVE    FIREMEN    OF 
NORTH   AMERICA. 

The  local  organization  was  instituted  in  1873. 
The  officers  f(ir  1886  are:  Master,  W.  Higgins; 
Vice-Master,  W.  Fort;  Corresponding  Secretary 
H.Harris;  Treasurer,  J.  Gibbs.  The  number  of 
members  is  one  hundred  and  thirty.  Meetings  are 
held  at  Sinfe]der'.s  Hall  the  first  and  third  Sundays 
in  each  month. 

LADIES    OP   FRIENDSHIP. 

The  Grand  Lodge  was  organized  in  July, 
1884.  The  officers  for  1886  arc  as  follows:  P.  G.  C, 
Hannah  G.  Ivins;  P.  G.  W.  S.,  Mary  A.  F.  Ward; 
G.  W.  S.,  Mary  T.  Ore;  G.  J.  S.,  Emma  Ivins; 
G.  R.  S.,  Mattie  B.  Garrison  ;  G.  Trcas.,  Elizabeth 
Day ;  G.  C,  Mary  Cline ;  ( i .  A.  C,  Emeline  Howe ; 
G.  W.  R.  S.,  MoUie  McMullen  ;  G.  W.  L.  S.,  Klleu 
Walton ;  G.  I.  S.,  Beulah  Murphy ;  G.  O.  S.,  Sarah 
Rickards.  There  are  three  subordinate  lodges 
under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  viz.: 
New  Jersey  Lodge,  No.  1 ;  Millville  Lodge,  No.  2 ; 
and  Camden  Lodge,  No.  3. 

New  Jersey  Lodge,  No.  1.,  was  organized  May 
25, 1883.  The  present  officers  are :  W.  S.,  Hannah 
S.  Steward ;  J.  S.,  Georgiana  Lane ;  C,  Mary  Jane 
Ball;  A.  C,  Sarah  B.  McCloskey  ;  R.  C,  Mattie 


B.  Garrison;  F.  S.,  Mary  T.  Ore;  Treasurer,  Eliza- 
beth Day  ;  R,  S.  of  W.  S.,  Sarah  O.  Hearle;  L.  S. 
of  W.  S.,  Roxana  Severn  ;  R.  S.  ol'  J.  S.,  Anna  R. 
Goodwin;  L.  S.  of  J.  S.,  Ellen  Gleason;  I.  S., 
Hannah  Slrcejier;  O.  S.,  Anna  J.  Wright;  Chap- 
lain, Rebecca  Noll ;  P.  W.  S.,  Rebecca  Seagraves. 
The  number  of  members  is  one  hundred  and 
thirty-one.  The  lodge  meets  in  Mechanics'  Hall, 
southwest  corner  of  Fourth  and  Spruce  Streets,  on 
Monday  evenings. 

Camden  Lodge,  No.  3,  was  instituted  July  lOi 
1884,  at  Jackson's  Hall.  The  officers  for  1886  are : 
W.  S.,  Sarah  P.  Bady ;    J.  S.,  Drusilla  Vincent; 

C,  Mary  Buzby;  A.  C,  Ellen  Reed;  R.  S.,  Cor- 
nelia Cox;  F.  Secretary,  Judith  Giberson  ;  Treas- 
urer, Sarah  Rickards ;  W.  R.  A.,  Rose  Shroegler ; 
W.  L.  A.,  Sallie  Mellville  ;  J.  R.  A.,  Mary  Thomp- 
son ;  J.  L.  A.,  Leonora  Flowers;  0.  G.,  Elizabeth 
Butler;  I.  G.,  Blary  Shannon.  The  lodge  meets 
every  Friday  evening  at  Jackson's  Hall,  corner 
Fourth  and  Federal  Streets.  The  number  of  mem- 
bers is  sixty-three. 

SONS  of  ST.  GEORGE. 

This  order  originated  in  the  Pennsylvania  coal 
regions,  during  the  prevalence  of  the  ''Molly 
McGuires,''  and  for  the  protection  of  Englishmen 
who  were  obnoxious  to  that  organization.  The 
order  has  spread,  and  numbers  two  hundred  and 
fifty  lodges  and  thirty  thousand  members,  who 
are  obligated  to  assist  each  other  and  become 
good  citizens  of  their  adopted  country;  to  be  a 
membei',  it  is  necessary  to  be  an  Englishman,  or 
the  son  or  grandson  of  one. 

Albion  Lodge,  No.  22,  was  organized  Novem- 
ber 25,  1880,  ill  Broadway  Hall,  with  these  mem- 
bers: John  B.  Horsfall,  James  Wright,  N.  F. 
Tomlin,  S.  M.  Lavitt,  F.  Bailey,  H.  Pearce,  Thos. 
Mason,  J.  Savage,  Joseph  Crompton,  Turner  Berry, 
Edward  Hand,  Charles  Drew,  George  Goldthorpe, 
William  Saunders,  William  Easterbrook,  Abraham 
Bradshaw,  W.  Goodhall,  W.  Metcalf,  A.  M.  Lovitti 
John  W.  Brooks,  H.  T.  Williams,  Charles  Palmer, 
C.  F.  Simpson,  J.  Plant,  John  Taylor,  N.  Wood- 
head,  E.  J.  Bolton,  Joseph  Pallitt,  Thos.  Mitchell, 
James  W.  Brooks,  T.  Adams,  George  Brain,  ThoS' 
Sothern  and  Albion  Craven.  The  first  officers 
were:  President,  Thomas  Adams  •  Vice-President, 
J.  W.  Brooks ;  Secretary,  J.  Claridge ;  Assistant 
Secretary,  H.  T.  Williams;  Treasurer,  J.  B.  Hots- 
fall.  The  ex-Presidents  are  John  B.  Horsfall,  J. 
W.  Brooks,  N.  T.  Tomlin,  Joseph  Wright,  Thomas 
Wright,  Thomas  Mason,  C.  F.  Simpson,  H.  T. 
Williams,  Edward  Hand,  J.  Bowers,  W.  Saunders, 
Charles  Iveevis,  Joseph  Plant,  Benjamin  Allen,  E. 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


577 


J.  Bolton,  Joseph  Claridge,  H.  Pearce  and  Abel 
Battoms. 

The  lodge  has  prospered,  has  one  hundred  and 
seventy-five  members  and  five  thousand  dollars  in- 
vested. It  meets  in  Independence  Hall  on  Mon- 
day evenings,  with  these  officers :  P.,  George  Gold- 
thorpe;  V.  P.,  John  Taylor;  S.,  E.  J.  Bolton  ;  T., 
J.  B.  Horsfall ;  M.,  John  Roberts ;  Chaplain,  W. 
Saunders ;  Trustees,  John  W.  Brooks,  John  Rob- 
erts and  J.  Bowers. 

SEVEN  WISE  MEN. 

Keaeney  Conclate,  No.  1,  Heptasophs  (or 
Seven  Wise  Men),  was  organized  in  Test's  Hall, 
October  15,  1869,  when  George  P.  Oliver,  of 
Maryland,  Supreme  Chancellor;  Dr.  G.  Jennings, 
Supreme  Ephor,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  others,  ini- 
tiated and  installed  these  members  and  officers:  A., 
Harry  H.  Franks;  C,  S.  C.  Hankinson;  Pro., 
Charles  H.  Cook;  R.  S.,  Theodore  F.  Higbee; 
F.  S.,  Charles  M.  Baldwin;  T.,  D.  W.  Neall; 
I.  G.,  James  E.  Carter;  H.,  Caleb  H.  Taylor;  W., 
David  B.  Sparks;  S.,  Wm.  Acton;  Wm.  Higbee, 
Wm.  Darby,  Henry  Hollis,  Frank  Rawlings, 
Samuel  K.  Batchelor,  Isaiah  Morton,  John  D. 
Mahoney,  Samuel  Pine,  George  Parson,  Benjamin 
F.  Richards,  George  W.  Williams,  Absalom 
Dougherty,  Henry  Rhinehart,  Wm.  H.  McKee, 
S.  R.  Hankinson,  John  Laning,  Richard  Bozarth, 
Alexander  Simpson,  Nathan  Jacobs  and  William 
Middleton.  The  Conclave  has  paid  out  for  bene- 
fits about  seven  thousand  dollars.  The  member- 
ship is  ninety-seven,  and  the  meetings  are  held  in 
Independence  Hall.  The  oflScers  are:  A.,  J.  A. 
Ross ;  Pro.,  John  W.  Lamb ;  Pre.,  WiDiam  A. 
Rudderow ;  I.  G.,  J.  S.  Casto ;  H.,  Frederick 
Morschauser ;  W.,  Joel  H.  Stowe ;  R.  S.,  Samuel 
C.  Hankinson  ;  F.  S.,  George  E.  Boyer ;  T.,  Daniel 
W.  Neall.  George  E.  Boyer,  of  this  Conclave,  is 
now  the  Supreme  Chancellor  of  the  order. 

temperance  societies. 
Camden  Division,  No.  14,  Sons  of  Temper- 
ance, was  organized  February  12,  1869,  with  these 
charter  members :  Edward  Andrews,  Henry  Mc- 
Fadden,  Joseph  B.  Connelly,  Benjamin  H.  Con- 
nelly, J.  E.  Atkinson,  Barton  Lowe,  John  S.  Mc- 
Clintock,  Joseph  Sickler,  Thomas  Hillet,  William 
Heisler,  John  B.  Thompson,  Silas  H.  Quint, 
Hampton  Williams,  John  Reynolds,  Louis  Hend- 
rickson,  William  Quinn.  The  division  meets  in 
Sensfelder's  Hall,  with  a  membership  of  ninety- 
three,  and  a  reserve  fund  of  six  hundred  dollars. 
The  present  officers  are :  Worthy  Patriarch,  George 
Amer ;  Worthy  Associate,  Mary  Burling ;  Record- 
ing Scribe,  Emily  Daugherty  ;   Financial  Scribe, 


Edward  Daugherty ;  Treasurer,  Charles  Boddy ; 
Chaplain,  Eugene  Turner;  C,  Julia  Bartin ;  A.  C, 
Mary  Dodd;  Trustees,  E.  N.  Daugherty,  David 
Suvrun  and  Charles  Boddy.  The  Past  Worthy 
Patriarchs  are  David  Surran,  Emma  Schmitz,  Wm. 
Cadwell,  Etta  Boddy,  Julia  Bartin,  Charles  Bartin, 
Charles  Boddy,  Lane  Mills,  E.  N.  Daugherty  and 
Eugene  Turner. 

Aek  or  Safety  Lodge,  No.  25,  Independent 
Oedeb,  of  Good  Templaes,  was  organized  in  the 
Mission  School-house,  Chestnut  and  Ann,  Febru- 
ary 26,  1868,  by  G.  W.  E.  T.,  Anthony  J.  Gould, 

D.  D.  G.  W.  E.,  Barton  Low,  Charles  Reed,  A.  C. 
Jackson  and  other  Grand  Ofiicers.  It  was  the  first 
colored  lodge  of  the  order,  and  these  were  the  offi- 
cers :  Worthy  Chief  Templar,  Philip  T.  Colding; 
W.  V.  T.,  Mary  Ann  Peterson  ;  W.  C,  William  H. 
Bell;  W.  S.,  John  O.  B.  Harris;  W.  A.  S.,  James 

E.  B.  Peter.=on ;  W.  F.  S.,  Jacob  T.  Derrickson ; 
W.  T.,  Jeremiah  Watkins ;  W.  M.,  Isaac  Rogers; 
W.  D.  M.,  Eliza  Fountain;  W.  I.  G.,  Mary  Gray; 
W.  O.  G.,  Robert  Pennington ;  W.  N.  H.  S.,  Wm. 
H.  Gumby ;  W.  L.  H.  S.,  Anna  J.  Watkins. 

The  Befoemed  Men's  Home  is  on  Chestnut 
above  Second  Street.  In  1879  Isaac  S.  Peacock,. 
Nathaniel  P.  Marvel,  Benjamin  M.  Braker,  Fran- 
cis Hughes,  John  McKenna,  Count  D.  G.  Hogan 
and  William  R.  Cory,  members  of  the  Men's  Chris- 
tian Temperance  Union,  meeting  in  Dispensary 
Hall,  conceived  the  project  of  establishing  Sunday 
breakfasts  at  Kaighns  Point,  and  endeavoring  to 
lead  the  intemperate  to  habits  of  sobriety.  B.  M. 
Braker,  M.  P.  Marvel  and  Francis  Hughes  were 
appointed  a  committee  to  make  the  arrangements, 
and  on  the  first  Sunday  in  June  the  first  breakfast 
was  served  in  a  room  about  twelve  feet  square. 

A  permanent  organization  was  effected  and  these 
officers  elected  :  President,  Benjamin  M.  Braker  ; 
Vice-President,  Robert  M.  Bingham ;  Recording 
Secretary,  Nathaniel  P.  Marvel ;  Financial  Secre- 
tary and  Treasurer,  William  E.  Cory ;  Trustees, 
Samuel  Sheer,  John  D.  Leckner,  Robert  Magee, 
Francis  Hughes,  George  Wilson.  B.  M.  Braker, 
William  R.  Cory  and  F.  Hughes  were  appointed  a 
building  committee,  and  leasing  a  lot  on  Kaighn 
Avenue  above  Second  Street,  appealed  to  the  citi- 
zens of  Camden,  who  responding  liberally,  a  one- 
story  frame,  twenty  by  sixty  feet,  was  built  and 
furnished,  and  when  it  was  dedicated,  March  10, 
1880,  it  was  free  from  debt. 

The  lease  expiring  in  1885,  ground  was  pur- 
chased on  Chestnut  Street  above  Second,  and  the 
Home  moved  upon  it  and  renovated.  It  will  seat 
two  hundred  and  fifty  persons.  These  have  been 
the  presidents  of  the  society :  Benjamin  M.  Braker, 


578 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


Isaac  S.  Peacock,  Edwia  A.  Allen,  Eobert  M.  Bing- 
ham, William  Stout,  John  McKenna. 

The  Camden  Home  fob  Friendless  Chil- 
DEEK"  is  an  institution  located  on  Haddon  Avenue, 
above  Mount  Vernon,  the  object  and  design  of 
which  is  to  afford  a  home,  food,  clothing  and 
schooling  for  destitute  friendless  children,  and,  at 
a  suitable  age,  to  place  them  with  respectable 
families  to  learn  some  useful  trade  or  occupation. 
The  home  was  established  and  is  conducted  by  a 
corporation.  The  charter,  granted  by  the  State 
Legislature,  April  6, 1865,  sets  forth  that  "  Whereas, 
a  number  of  citizens  of  this  State  have  formed  an 
association  for  the  laudable  and  benevolent  pur- 
pose of  educating  and  providing  for  friendless  and 
destitute  children ;  and  whereas,  the  Legislature 
of  this  State  is  willing  to  encourage  such  purposes  ; 
therefore.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  Oeiieral 
Assembly  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  That  Matthew 
Newkirk,  Elijah  G.  Cattell,  James  H.  Stevens, 
Georjre  W.  N.  Custis,  J.  Earl  Atkinson,  Joseph  C. 
De  L;i  Cour,  Joseph  D.  Eeinboth,  Robert  B.  Potts, 
Jesse  W.  Starr,  Edmund  E.  Bead,  John  R.  Gra- 
ham, Benjamin  H.  Browning,  Solomon  M.  Stim- 
son.  Philander  0.  Brinck,  John  Aikman,  Thomas 
P.  Carpenter,  Elisha  V.  Glover,  Thomas  B.  Atkin- 
s  111,  Isaac  L.  Lowe,  Peter  L.  Voorhees,  and  their 
associates,  be  and  they  are  hereby  incorporated 
and  made  a  body  politic  in  law  and  fact,  by  the 
name,  style  and  title  of  '  The  Camden  Home  for 
Friendless  Children.'  " 

The  present  officers  and  board  of  managers  are 
Charles  Ehoads,  president ;  William  Groves,  treas- 
urer ;  J.  L.  De  La  Cour,  corresponding  and  record- 
ing secretary;  H.  Jeannette  Taylor  and  Augustus 
Dobson,  physicians;  Samuel  H.  Grey,  solicitor; 
Mrs.  Butcher,  matron. 

Board  of  Managers. — Miss  E.  L.  Few  Smith, 
Mrs.  Jefferson  Lewis,  Mrs.  William  Groves,  Mrs. 
E.  V.  Glover,  Mrs.  William  Curtiss,  Miss  A.  M. 
Eobeson,  Mrs.  J.  F.  Starr,  Sr.,  Mrs.  H.  B.  Wilson, 
Mrs.  Charles  J.  String,  Mrs.  J.  Hugil,  Miss  E.  F. 
Jenniugs,  Mrs.  E.  H.  Byran,  Miss  Kate  Da  Costa, 
Mrs.  L.  T.  Derousse,  Mrs.  Joseph  Elverson,  Mrs. 
J.  H.  Townsend,  Mrs.  Joseph  J.  Bead,  Mrs.  Joseph 
Watson,  Mrs.  William  Davison,  Mrs.  Joseph  M. 
Kaighn,  Mrs.  Charles  Khoads,  Mrs.  J.  L.  De  La 
Cour,  Mrs.  E.  E.  F.  Humphreys. 

MUSICAL    OEGANIZATIONS. 

The  Philhaemonic  Society.— In  the  early 
part  of  May,  1883,  the  Mendelssohn  Singing  So- 
ciety was  organized  in  the  lecture-room  of  the 
North  Baptist  Church,  with  Joshua  Pfeiifer,  presi- 
dent ;  Fred.  J.  Paxon,  secretary  and  treasurer ;  and 


P.  G.  Fithian,  musical  director.     The  chorus  num- 
bered sixteen  voices.   They  sang  there  until  Decem- 
ber 20,  1883,  when  they  were  requested  to  assist  in 
an  oratorio  to  be  given  by  the  choir  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church,  entitled  "Daniel."     At  the 
close  of  the  oratorio  the  chorus  repaired  to  the 
chapel  of  the  First  Church.     A  meeting  was  or- 
ganized and  presided  over  by  Mr.  Carlton  M.  Wil- 
liams, and  it  was  decided  to  incorporate  the  organ- 
ization as  a  permanent  society  for  the  study  of 
choral  music.     A  committee  of  three,  consisting  of 
Professors  Theo.  T.  Crane,  P.  G.  Fithian  and  Dr. 
J.  M.  McGrath,  were  appointed  to  consider  the 
advisability  of  such  a  plan,  and  to  draft  a  consti- 
tution   and   by-laws.      The    committee    called   a 
meeting  on  January  29,  1884,  which  was  held  in 
North  Baptist  Church  lecture-room,  and  Prof.  P. 
G.  Fithian  was  elected  musical  director,  and  Mrs. 
Abbie   L.   Price   accompanist.       At   a    directors' 
meeting,  held  February  8,  1883,  Mr.  O.  0.  Molan 
was  elected  president  and  Mr.  E.  S.  Titus  secretary. 
On  December  8,  1884,  Mr.  O.  C.  Molan  resigned 
as  president,  and  Mr.  George  W.   Wentling,  Jr., 
was  elected  in  his  place. 

The  first  concert  of  the  society  was  given  Thurs- 
day, February  19, 1885 ;  the  second,  Thursday,  May 
28,  1885  ;  the  third,  Thursday,  October  21,  1885 ; 
the  fourth,  Thursday,  May  4,  1886.  The  musical 
selections  of  the  society  are  entirely  classic,  princi- 
pally from  the  oratorios  of  "  Messiah,"  "  Creation," 
and  "Woman  of  Samaria,"  "Naaman,"  "Elijah" 
and  "St.  Paul."  Among  the  members  of  the  so- 
ciety who  have  taken  prominent  part  in  the  concerts 
have  been  R.  Zeckwer,  piano;  R.  Herwig,  celloist; 
M.  Van  Gelder,  violin ;  Emma  Suelke  and  M.  H. 
Elliott,  soprano;  Max  Friedman,  tenor;  William 
Stobbe,  xylophonist;  E.  M,  Zimmerman,  basso; 
Frank  Cauffman,  baritone;  Thomas  A'Beckett 
and  Mr.  Diederichs,  accompanists. 

The  officers  at  the  meetings  are  George  W. 
Wentling,  Jr.,  president ;  C.  K.  Middleton,  vice- 
president  ;  Fred.  J.  Paxon,  secretary ;  A.  H.  Mar- 
shall, treasiirer;  Alfred  Fricke,  Calvin  Crowell, 
Dr.  J.  M.  McGrath,  William  J.  Boynton,  E.  D. 
Barto,  board  of  directors;  Prof.  P.  G.  Fithian, 
musical  director;  Miss  Schooley,  accompanist. 
The  chorus  numbers  sixty  voices  and  meets  every 
Monday  evening  at  Post  37,  G.  A?R.  Hall,  Stevens 
Street,  below  Fifth  Street'.  This  is  the  only  sing- 
ing society  of  mixed  voices  that  has  ever  existed 
longer  than  one  year  in  Camden,  and  is  now  one 
of  the  best  in  New  Jersey. 

The  National  Coenet  Band  was  organized 
in  1868,  with  Joseph  Jennings  as  leader.  In  1871 
the  name  was  changed  to  the  Sixth  Regiment  Band 


c4ft 


tn*~^. 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


579 


and  it  was  mustered  into  the  service  of  the  National 
Guard,  and  was  the  only  regimental  band  in  the 
State  for  years.  Their  present  band-room  is  at 
the  Sixth  Eegiment  Armory,  southwest  corner  of 
West  and  Jlickle  Streets.  The  present  members 
ai-e,  Joseph  Jennings,  John  Roth,  Augusta  Buese, 
Gordon  Phillips,  Lewis  Seal,  Charles  Landwehr, 
Charles  Felcon,  John  Brown,  D.  C.  >iewman  Col- 
lins, Alfred  Colbins,  Charles  Bowyer,  Isaac  Heins, 
Joseph  Young,  Eichard  Richardson,  Benjamin  A. 
Woolman,  Hai-ry  Carles,  AVm.  Stevenson,  Fred- 
erick Ivlaproth,  Henry  Myers,  G.  Philip  Stephany 
Adam  Markgral't,  Charles  Ellis,  Emerson  Ogborn, 
Charles  Frost,  Hiram  Hirst. 

The  Camden  City  Beajs  Baxd  of  1886  is  the 
Reliance  Band  of  Camden  under  a  new  name. 
The  Reliance  was  organized  in  February,  1886, 
under  the  leadership  of  Joseph  Conine.  In  March, 
by  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Conine,  W.  J.  Hopper 
became  leader,  and  in  October  of  the  same  year 
the  name  of  the  band  was  changed  as  above.  The 
band  has  a  membership  of  twenty,  all  of  whom 
are  Knights  of  the  Golden  Eagle,  Camden  Castle, 
No.  1.  The  band  has  regular  engagements  for  all 
the  Knight  parades,  also  for  Posts  37  and  o,  G.  A. 
R.,  of  Camden.  The  band  headquarters  are  at  the 
corner  of  Fifth  and  Roydon  Streets. 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

William  and  Ed.  Priest  (father  and  son)  first 
started  business  as  general  riggers  and  house- 
movers  in  ISSl,  with  a  rigging  and  block-shop  at 
Xo.  415  Taylor  Avenue.  The  firm  take  contracts 
for  moving  frame  and  brick  buildings  and  heavy 
hoisting,  and  moving  of  boilers,  smoke-stacks, 
monuments,  etc. 

Jesse  Middleton,  log  pump-maker,  started  the 
manufacture  of  old-style  log  pumps  in  lSG.3,at  Xo. 
513  Mount  Vernon  Street.  These  pumps  are  still 
in  demand  in  the  country,  while  in  the  towns  the 
cucumber  and  iron  pumps  are  largely  used.  At 
the  shops  of  Mr.  Middleton,  where  various  kinds 
of  pumps  are  sold,  a  large  business  has  been  built 
up.  He  is  also  engaged  in  sinking  tubular  wells, 
well-digging,  etc. 

Benjamin  M.  Braker  was  born  October  24, 
lS2ii,  in  Bristol,  England.  His  father,  Benjamin 
Braker,  was  a  minister  in  the  Baptist  Church  and 
came  to  America  in  1830,  settling  in  Lambertville, 
X.  J.,  and  subsequently  moved  to  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  died  in  1S4S.  Benjamin  M.  Braker  ob- 
tained his  education  in  the  district  schools,  but 
even  in  his  youth  and  since  he  grew  to  manhood 
has  been  a  diligent  reader  and  has  thus  acquired 
a  vast  fund  of  information. 


In  1861  he  was  engaged  upon  the  Philadelphia 
Inquirer  and  Sunday  Transcript  and  has  since  made 
journalism  his  principal  avocation.  He  edited  the 
Gloucester  City  Heporter  from  1SS2  to  18S5 

In  1 850  he  married  Miss  Mary  M.  Wright  and 
settled  in  Camden,  where  he  has  since  remained, 
taking  an  active  and  influential  part  in  public 
aflairs.  An  advanced  Liberal  in  politics,  he  was  a 
delegate  to  and  secretary  of  the  State  Free-Soil 
Convention  held  at  Trenton  in  1S52.  He  was  one 
of  the  promoters  of  and  speakera  at  the  formation 
of  the  first  Republican  Club  organized  in  Camden, 
April  12,  1854,  and  in  1S56  was  one  of  the  principal 
organizers  of  that  party  in  West  Jersey  and  is  still 
one  of  its  prominent  speakers.  In  18G2  he  was 
elected  justice  of  the  peace  and  has  been  re-elected 
four  times  since.  In  1877  he  was  elected  city  recor- 
der and  re-elected  188tl,  '83  and  '86.  In  1884  he  was 
elected  to  House  of  Assembly  ;  was  a  leading  mem- 
ber, taking  part  in  important  debates  ;  was  on  the 
committee  on  education,  municipal  corporations 
and  chairman  of  the  committee  on  printing  and 
on  labor  and  industries.  In  the  preparation  of  the 
history  of  the  cities  of  Camden  and  Gloucester,  as 
embraced  iu  this  volume,  Mr.  Braker  rendered 
valuable  assistance. 

Wilson  Fitzgerald,  one  of  the  notably  suc- 
cessful business  men  of  Camden,  began  life  as  a 
poor  boy.  He  was  a  son  of  George  K.  and  Eliza- 
beth (Rees)  Fitzgerald  (married  October  3,  1807, 
by  Rev.  Mr.  Abercromby,  at  St.  Peter's  Church, 
Philadelphia),  and  was  born  February  26,  1819, 
in  the  Northern  Liberties,  Philadelphia.  When 
nine  years  of  age  his  father  died,  and  he,  being 
obliged  to  make  his  own  living,  went  upon  a  farm 
in  Montgomery  County,  where  he  became  inured 
to  hard  work  and  laid  the  foundation  of  a  rugged 
constitution  and  those  habits  of  industry  and  thrift 
which  he  has  maintained  throughout  his  life.  He 
remained  upon  the  farm  until  he  was  sixteen  years 
old,  and  then,  resolving  to  learn  a  trade,  and 
choosing  that  which  had  been  his  father's,  he  en- 
tered as  an  apprentice  the  cooper-shop  of  Titus  & 
Edwai-ds,  on  Commerce  Stieet,  above  Fifth,  Phila- 
delphia. Here  he  worked  for  five  years  for  his 
board  and  an  allowance  of  twenty-five  dollars 
per  year  for  clothes.  The  youths  of  to-day  would 
consider  themselves  very  hardly  used  or  abused 
had  they  to  endure  the  rigid  laws  of  labor  which 
then  prevailed.  During  the  five  years'  apprentice- 
ship, which  it  was  customary  to  serve  in  nearly  all 
trades,  the  only  holidays  allowed  were  the  Fourth 
of  July  and  Clrristmas,  and  the  apprentice  boys 
were  given  on  each  of  these  occasions  the  sum  of 
twenty-five  cents  for  spending  money.     This  was 


580 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


all  the  cash  they  received,  and  was  prized  accord- 
ingly. Their  habits  were  of  necessity  frugal,  and 
they  were  safe  from  many  of  the  temptations  to 
which  the  young  men  of  to-day  fall  ready  victims. 
After  he  had  "  served  his  time,"  young  Fitzgerald 
went  to  work  as  a  journeyman  for  John  Edwards 
&  Son,  on  Bank  Street,  working  one  year  at  six 
dollars  per  week,  and  then  being  made  foreman  of 
the  shop,  receiving  seven  dollars  per  week  for  the 
four  subsequent  years.  He  then  determined  to 
start  in  trade  for  himself,  and  opened  a  cooper- 
shop  on  Greenleaf  Court  (now  Merchant  Street), 
with  a  capital  of  two  hundred  dollars,  which,  by 
rigid  economy,  he  had  saved  from  his  scanty  earn- 
ings. After  carrying  on  business,  with  a  fair  de- 
gree of  success,  for  eleven  yeai-s,  he  sold  his  shop 
to  the  man  with  whom  he  had  learned  his  trade, 
and  removed  to  Camden.  This  was  in  March,  1845, 
immediately  after  his  marriage,  to  which  we  shall 
again  advert.  He  bought  property  on  Stevens 
Street,  where  he  was  in  reality  a  pioneer,  as  that 
vicinity  was  then  a  common,  showing  no  improve- 
ment except  the  little  house  which  he  built  there 
for  twelve  hundred  dollars.  This  became  the 
home  of  Mr.  Fitzgerald  and  his  wife,  and  very 
proud  indeed  was  the  young  man  of  the  modest 
house  which  his  labor  and  thrift  had  provided. 
He  continued  building  in  that  neighborhood,  as 
his  means  permitted,  until  no  less  than  twenty-six 
houses  had  arisen  in  testimony  to  his  enterprise, 
completely  changing  the  aspect  of  that  part  of  the 
town.  When  he  first  went  to  Camden  he  rented 
a  house  on  Federal  Street,  above  Second,  and  in  it 
started  what  was  probably  the  first  green  grocery 
and  provision  store  in  Camden.  In  1856  he 
bought  property  at  Beasley's  Point,  Cape  May 
County,  N.  J.,  and  for  five  years  followed  farming 
there,  also  carrying  on,  in  the  summer,  a  boarding- 
house.  In  18(51  he  sold  this  property  and,  return- 
ing to  Camden,  established  himself  in  the  grain, 
flour  and  feed  business  on  Front  Street,  below 
Market,  in  the  old  Hollinshead  Hotel  building. 
This  store  was  subsequently  extended  through  to 
Market  Street.  Here  Mr.  Fitzgerald  probably 
carried  on  the  first  wholesale  flour  business  which 
was  transacted  in  Camden.  About  1871  he  moved 
to  his  present  place  of  business,  Nos.  10  and  12 
Market  Street,  which  building  he  erected.  His 
son,  John  L.,  is  associated  with  him,  under  the 
firm-name  of  Wilson  Fitzgerald  &  Co.,  in  the 
management  of  this  house.  They  have  a  very  ex- 
tensive trade  in  flour,  feed,  seeds  and  fertilizers. 
In  connection  with  this  business,  Mr.  Fitzgerald 
brought  to  the  city  the  first  salt  that  ever  came 
here  in  bulk— a  ship's  cargo  from  Turk's  Island. 


He  was  also  instrumental  in  bringing  about  the 
system  of  delivering  in  Camden  unbroken  car- 
loads of  produce  and  merchandise  from  the  West, 
by  which  immense  sums  of  money  have  been  saved. 
He  first,  as  an  experiment,  brought  the  cars  from 
Trenton,  and  this  led  to,  or  rather  forced,  the 
adoption  of  the  present  plan  of  ferrying  the  cars 
across  the  river  from  Philadelphia,  thus  placing 
unbroken  bulk  freight  at  the  doors  of  Camden's 
warehouses,  mills  and  stores ;  and  that,  too,  when 
it  is  through  billed,  as  cheaply  as  it  can  be  deliv- 
ered in  Philadelphia.  In  addition  to  his  mercan- 
tile business,  our  subject  carries  on  a  large  farm  on 
the  Delaware  River,  about  midway  between  Wood- 
bury and  Mantua  Creek,  and  he  has  a  house  there 
as  well  as  in  the  city.  His  has  been  a  very  active 
life,  and  his  prosperity,  well-deserved  as  it  is,  has 
followed  as  a  logical  result  from  his  industry  and 
integrity.  Mr.  Fitzgerald  is  a  Republican,  but  not 
a  politician.  He  has  held  a  seat  in  the  City  Coun- 
cil for  six  years — -three  years  representing  the  Mid- 
dle and  three  years  the  North  Ward. 

On  March  11,  1845,  Mr.  Fitzgerald  was  united 
in  marriage  with  Joanna  ColhoUer.  They  have 
had  seven  children,  five  of  whom  are  living.  Eliz- 
abeth, born  September  27,  1846,  married  Walker 
W.  Chew;  Anna,  born  September  9,  1849,  is  the 
wife  of  Louis  T.  Derousse ;  Mary  Emma,  born 
February  18, 1852,  died  in  infancy ;  and  Clara,  born 
January  21,  1853,  died  iu  more  advanced  years  ; 
Fannie  Bockius,  born  Nov.  26,  1856,  married  J.  E. 
Stockham  ;  John  Lawrence,  who  is  associated  with 
his  father  in  business,  was  born  October  16,  1858, 
and  married  Miss  Adele  Annie  Kite ;  Wiison,  the 
youngest  of  the  family,  born  November  14,  1860, 
married  Miss  Amanda  A.  Smith,  and  resides  in 
Camden,  as  do  also  the  other  children  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Fitzgerald. 

Peank  p.  Middleton  is  the  great-grandson 
of  John  and  Sarah  Middleton,  and  the  grandson 
of  Joseph  Middleton,  who  married  Anna,  daughter 
of  Levi  and  Elizabeth  Ellis.  To  Joseph  Middle- 
ton  and  his  wife  were  born  twelve  children, — eight 
sons  and  four  daughters, — of  whom  but  two  survive. 
Bowman  H.,  a  native  of  Haddonfleld,  N.  J.,  and 
the  fifth  son,  was  born  on  the  19th  of  July,  1814, 
and  spent  his  life  in  the  county  of  his  birth.  He 
early  became  proficient  in  the  trade  of  a  cabinet- 
maker, subsequently  removed  to  Camden  and  car- 
ried on  the  business  of  an  undertaker  until  his 
death,  in  1866.  Though  interested  in  public  afiiiirs, 
he  did  not  aspire  to  office,  his  ambition  being 
satisfied  with  the  position  of  coroner,  which  he 
filled  for  some  years.  He  married  Elizabeth 
Venable,   of  Camden,   N.  J.,  whose   children  are 


^^^.^^^^ /%^^^^^^^^^&^^i^ 


THE  CITY  OF  CAMDEN. 


581 


Frank  P.,  Josiah  V.,  Anna  (Mrs.  English),  Charles 
K.  and  Emily.  Frank  P.,  the  subject  of  this  bio- 
graphical sketch,  was  born  May  6,  1837,  in  Marl- 
ton,  Burlington  County,  N.  J.,  and  at  an  early  age 
removed  with  his  parents  to  Camden.  His  educa- 
tional advantages  were  such  as  the  country  af- 
forded, supplemented  by  more  thorough  training 
in  Camden,  after  which  he  began  his  active  career 
aa  assistant  to  his  father  in  the  undertaking  busi- 
ness. He  continued  thus  employed  until  the 
death  of  the  latter,  when,  in  connection  with  his 
brother,  he  managed  the  business  in  behalf  of 
the  estate.  In  1869  Mr.  Middleton  established 
himself  in  Camden  as  an  undertaker  and  speedily 
acquired  an  extended  patronage.  He  was,  on  the 
70 


14th  of  February,  1864,  married  to  Mary,  daughter 
of  Anthony  and  Martha  Williams,  of  Philadelphia. 
Their  children  are  Lizzie  (deceased),  Laura  (de- 
ceased), Mattie  and  Harry  (twins)  and  Mary  and 
Frank  (twins,  deceased).  Mr.  Middleton  is  a 
Eepublican  in  his  political  affiliations,  but  has 
never  allowed  the  allurements  of  the  political 
arena  to  draw  him  from  the  routine  of  his 
legitimate  business.  He  is  a  member  of  Chosen 
Friends  Lodge,  No.  29,  of  Independent  Order  of 
Odd-Fellows ;  of  Provident  Lodge,  No.  4,  of  An- 
cient Order  of  United  Workmen  ;  and  of  Ionic 
Lodge,  No.  12,  of  the  Order  of  Sparta.  Both  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Middleton  are  members  of  the  North 
Baptist  Church  of  Camden. 


GLOUCESTER    CITY. 


CHAPTER    X. 

Topography — Early  History — Fort  Nassau— Gloucester  as  a  County 
Seat — County  Courts  and  Public  Buildings -The  Original  Town 
and  Some  of  its  Inhabitants — A  Beserted  Village — An  Era  of  Pros- 
perity Arrives — Incorporation  and  City  Government — Manufac- 
turing Interests — Religious  History— Schools — Societies— Glou_ 
cester  as  a  Pleasure  Resort — The  Fox  Hunting  Club— Fisheries. 

Topography. — The  name  of  Gloucester  is  bor- 
rowed from  a  cathedral  town  on  the  bank  of  the 
Severn,  in  the  west  of  England,  whence  emigrated 
some  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  West  Jersey.  The 
word  itself  is  from  the  Celtic, — glaw  caer, — which 
signifies  "  handsome  city." 

Gloucester  City  is  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the 
county,  on  a  peninsula  formed  by  the  Delaware 
River  on  the  west,  Great  and  Little  Timber 
Creeks  on  the  south  and  southeast,  and  Newton 
Creek  on  the  north  and  east.  It  is  situated  on 
slightly  undulating  ground,  sufficiently  elevated 
to  insure  good  drainage,  which  is  further  assured 
by  the  geological  formation, — a  body  of  sand  and 
gravel,  from  ten  to  thirty  feet  thick,  resting  on  a 
stratum  of  clay.  This,  with  the  broad  and  fast- 
flowing  river  on  the  west,  whence,  in  summer, 
cool  breezes  are  wafted,  joined  to  wide,  clean 
streets  abounding  in  shade,  and  the  large  yards 
and  gardens  in  fruit-trees  giving,  at  a  distance,  the 
appearance  of  an  inhabited  forest — to  which  add 
excellent  water  in  abundance,  good  schools,  nu- 
merous societies,  full  religious  opportunities,  with 
many  industrial  establishments,  insuring  work  for 
those  who  will — altogether  point  to  Gloucester  City 
as  a  desirable  place  to  live  in.  That  the  people 
live  and  live  long  is  proven  by  the  annual  table  of 
vital  statistics,  which  show  it  to  excel  most  towns 
of  its  size  in  healthfulness,  the  death-rate  in  1885 
being  15.42  in  the  1000,  while  in  Camden  it  was 
18.30,  in  the  county  17.87  and  in  the  State  18.63. 

The  area  of  Gloucester  is  one  and  a  half  square 
582 


miles,  within  which  live  five  thousand  nine  hun- 
dred and  sixty-six  persons,  an  average  of  six  to 
the  acre  ;  in  eleven  hundred  and  thirty-seven 
houses,  an  average  of  five  and  one-fourth  to  the 
house;  with  an  assessed  valuation  (much  below  real 
value)  of  $1,763,510,  an  average  of  $295.50  per 
capita ;  and  the  eleven  hundred  and  thirty-seven 
houses  are  owned  by  six  hundred  and  seventy-five 
persons.  The  city  contains  seven  industrial  estab- 
lishments, with  a  capacity  for  employing  two 
thousand  five  hundred  persons  and  an  annual  pay- 
roll of  nine  hundred  thousand  dollars  ;  well-ap- 
pointed schools,  with  room  for  all,  and  a  compe- 
tent corps  of  teachers,  at  an  annual  cost  of  eight 
thousand  dollars  ;  five  churches,  representing  dif- 
ferent shades  of  religious  belief,  having,  in  all, 
two  thousand  two  hundred  members;  and  two 
railroads  and  a  line  of  ferry-boats,  giving 
frequent  means  of  ingress  and  egress.  The 
municipality  owns  a  city  hall,  adequate  for  all  re- 
quirements ;  has  built  sewers  ;  streets  are  lighted 
by  gas;  has  a  debt  of  seventy-six  thousand  dollars, 
incurred  by  the  construction  of  water-works  cost- 
ing eighty-five  thousand  dollars  and  sufficient  for 
a  population  of  forty  thousand.  The  cost  of  the 
city  government  is  twelve  thousand  dollars  a  year, 
covered  by  a  tax  rate  of  two  per  cent,  for  all  pur- 
poses. Such  is  the  Gloucester  of  1886.  Forty 
years  ago  it  was  a  hamlet,  a  hundred  years  ago  but 
the  ruins  of  a  former  town,  and  one  hundred  and 
ninety  years  ago  the  only  town  in  South  Jersey. 

Early  History— Fort  Nassau.— In  1621  the 
States-General  of  the  New  Netherlands  granted  to 
the  Second  West  India  Company,  of  Holland,  a 
large  tract  of  land  upon  the  eastern  coast  of  North 
America.'  .This  company  sent  out,  for  the  New 
World,  in  1623,  a  vessel  in  command  of  Captain 

1  See  Early  History  of  Gloucester  County,  p.  32. 


GLOUCESTER  CITY. 


583 


Cornelius  Jacobss  Mey,  who  brought  with  him  a 
number  of  persons  and  materials,  with  the  inten- 
tion of  establishing  a  colony.  All  early  historians 
agree  that  he  entered  Delaware  Bay  in  1623,  and 
gave  his  name  to  the  cape  at  the  southern  extrem- 
ity of  New  Jersey,  and  which  still  retains  it,  al- 
though anglicized  as  Cape  May.  Gordon's  "  His- 
tory of  New  Jersey,"  page  7,  says  he  fixed  upon 
Hermaomissing,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Sassackon, 
the  most  northerly  branch  of  Timber  Creek,  as  the 
place  for  his  settlement,  and  where  he  built  a  log 
fort,  which  he  named  Nassau,  in  honor  of  a  town 
on  the  Upper  Rhine  river,  in  Germany.  How 
long  Captain  Mey  remained  with  his  colony  at 
Fort  Nassau,  or  what  was  the  cause  of  his  depar- 
ture, is  not  known ;  but  the  next  ship  that  was  sent 
up  the  Delaware,  in  1631,  eight  years  after,  found 
the  place  entirely  deserted  by  the  colony  and  in 
possession  of  the  Indians.  The  exact  locality  even 
of  the  fort  is  a  matter  of  conjecture;  and  even 
Evelin,  Campanius,  Lindstrom,  Van  Der  Donck, 
Kalm,  Acrelius  and  other  early  writers,  failed  to 
agree  upon  its  exact  location.  The  earliest  of  the 
writers  named,  Evelin,  was,  in  1633,  one  of  the  set- 
tlers at  Fort  Eriwamac,  at  the  mouth  of  Pensau- 
kin  Creek.  So  completely  was  every  vestige  of 
Fort  Nassau  destroyed  that  its  site  cannot  be  defi- 
nitely determined. 

Recent  research  has,  to  some  extent,  removed 
the  mystery  of  the  site  which  Captain  Mey  chose 
for  his  fortification.  Mickle,  in  his  "  Reminis- 
cences of  Old  Gloucester,"  carefully  examined  the 
evidence,  and  since  his  time  others  have  success- 
fully pursued  the  same  line  of  investigation.  The 
results  are  found  in  the  paper  upon  "The  Hol- 
landers in  New  Jersey,"  submitted  by  Rev.  Abra- 
ham Messier,  D.D.,  to  the  New  Jersey  Historical 
Society  May  16,  1850 ;  Edward  Armstrong's  pa- 
pers on  the  history  and  site  of  the  fort,  contained 
in  Volume  VI.  of  the  Society's  proceedings ;  and 
the  report  of  the  Society's  committee  in  1852,  au- 
thorized to  examine  the  supposed  location  which 
is  embraced  in  the  same  volume. 

The  moi't  reasonable  deduction  from  this  mass 
of  evidence  and  investigation  is  that  Fort  Nassau 
was  perched  upon  the  high  ground  of  Gloucester 
Point,  or,  more  definitely,  that  "  it  was  situated 
immediately  upon  the  river  at  the  southern  ex- 
tremity of  the  highland  abutting  upon  the  meadows 
north  of  mouth  of  the  Timber  Creek."  "  That  posi- 
tion," Mickle  wrote,  "  would  have  struck  the  eye 
of  an  engineer,  inasmuch  as  a  fortress  thus  situa- 
ted could  have  commanded  both  the  river  and 
creek,  while  it  would  have  been  greatly  secured 
from   the   attacks   of   the    Indians    by    the  low 


marshy  land  which  surrounded  it  on  all  sides  ex- 
cept the  north.  Some  of  the  cabins  which  con- 
stituted the  town  of  Nassau  are  supposed,  with 
much  reason,  to  have  stood,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Sassackon,  which  was  one  of  the  many  names  for 
Timber  Creek.  The  first  fort,  erected  in  1623,  was 
probably  a  very  rude  pile  of  logs,  just  sufiicient  to 
serve  as  a  breastwork.  This  having  been  destroyed 
by  the  Indians,  another  fort  was  built  in  1642, 
when  the  Dutch  returned  to  watch  their  rivals, 
the  Swedes.  The  latter  fort,  Barker  supposes  to 
have  been  built  with  some  style,  as  its  architect 
was  Hendrick  Christiansee,  the  builder  of  Fort 
Amsterdam."  Mickle  dates  the  rebuilding  in 
1642  on  the  authority  of  "  Holmes'  Annals  ''  and 
"  Duponceau's  Annotations.'  Gabriel  Thomas  or 
his  engraver  was  manifestly  wrong  in  placing  upon 
his  map  a  Dutch  fort  at  some  distance  above  Glou- 
cester, at  the  mouth  of  what  seems  to  be  intended 
for  Coopers  Creek.  Lindstrom,  in  his  description 
of  New  Sweden  in  the  time  of  Governor  Prinz, 
said  that  at  the  location  of  the  fort,  "la  riviere  est 
ici  bien  profonde."  If  the  fort  was  situated  where 
the  river  was  very  deep,  which  is  Lindstrom's 
meaning,  it  could  not  have  been  any  distance  up 
Timber  Creek,  but  at  Gloucester  Point. 

The  house  of  John  Hugg,  who  purchased  fivr 
hundred  acres  from  Robert  Zane  in  1683,  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  built  upon  the  site  of  Fori 
Nassau,  and  its  location  coincides  with  the  strong-  «  . 
est  theories  of  the  situation  of  the  work.  John 
Eedfield,  who  lived  near  by,  prompted  the  inves- 
tigation made  by  Mr.  Armstrong.  Redfield's 
daughter  having  brought  from  the  river-shore  a 
flower  which  he  suspected  was  exogenous,  he  vis- 
ited the  spot  where  it  was  plucked  and  found  pieces 
of  Dutch  brick  and  ware  in  the  ground,  and  por- 
tions of  a  wall  surmounted  by  a  few  logs,  indicat- 
ing the  remains  of  a  redoubt  or  a  building  erected 
for  defense.  From  the  abandonment  of  the  fort, 
about  1651,  to  1677,  when  the  London  and  York- 
shire commissioners  sailed  up  the  Delaware  River, 
the  shore  from  Timber  Creek  to  Pensaukin  was  in 
undisputed  possession  of  a  few  Indians,  although 
under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  English  since  1664. 

In  an  article  contributed  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Magazine  of  History  in  July,  1885,  Judge  John 
Clement  says, — 

"  When  the  London  and  Yorkshire  commis- 
sioners, accompanied  by  their  friends,  found  their 
ship  in  the  Delaware  River  in  1677,  their  attention 
was  naturally  drawn  toward  the  territory  on  the 
eastern  side  of  that  beautiful  stream.  Their  fu- 
ture homes  were  to  be  there,  for  they  had  come  to 
'  plan  I  a  nation,'  yet  their  minds   did  not  compre- 


584 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


hend  the  importance  of  their  undertaking,  nor 
did  they  see  tlie  end  from  such  small  beginnings. 
In  ascending  the  river,  that  prominent  point 
known  among  the  Indians  as  Arwaumus,  was  a 
noticeable  feature,  and  it  was  at  once  agreed  that 
it  was  a  suitable  site  for  a  city  and  by  the  new- 
comers called  Gloucester  Point.  In  fact,  the  Lon- 
don commissioners  insisted  upon  stopping  at  this 
place,  and  it  was  only  after  much  persuasion  and 
substantial  inducements  offered,  that  they  con- 
sented to  go  to  Burlington  and  settle  with  the 
others. 

"  It  is  quite  possible  also  that  the  remains  of  Fort 
Nassau,  built  in  1623,  were  there,  around 
which  were  a  few  Swedish  and  Dutch  settlers. 
The  true  position  of  this  fort  has  always  been  in 
doubt,  some  claiming  that  it  stood  in  the  marsh 
near  the  mouth  of  Timber  Creek,  and  others  that 
it  was  built  on  the  high  ground,  the  present  site  of 
Gloucester  City,  this  being  in  the  eye  of  a  military 
engineer  the  most  suitable  spot  for  a  work  of  de- 
fense. Although  the  London  owners,  through 
over-persuasion,  settled  with  their  friends  at  Bur- 
lington, the  original  purpose  was  not  abandoned, 
for  in  a  short  time  individuals  were  prospecting 
for  land  bounding  on  Cooper,  Newton  and  Timber 
Creeks,  and  a  few  families  had  already  settled  at 
the  Point." 

Erection  of  Gloucester  County. — In  the 
year  1678  Robert  Turner,  of  London,  came  to  thia 
country,  and  soon  after  prospected  for  land  in  this 
vicinity.  In  1682  Mark  Newbie,  Thomas  Thack- 
ara,  Robert  Zane,  William  Bates  and  their  families, 
and  Thomas  Sharp  and  George  Goldsmith  came  to 
Salem,  and,  in  accordance  with  the  advice  of 
Robert  Turner,  located  a  large  tract  of  land  on 
Newton  Creek  and  its  middle  branch,  on  which 
they  settled. 

In  the  year  1686,  the  territory  having  become 
populous,  the  inhabitants  of  the  territory  embraced 
in  the  third  and  fourth  tenths,  residing  between 
Pensaukin  and  Oldmans  Creeks,  met  on  the  28th 
of  May  at  Arwaumus,  or  Gloucester  Point,  and 
formed  a  county  constitution,  defined  the  bounda- 
ries of  the  new  county,  called  Gloucester,  arranged 
for  courts  and  executed  other  business  necessary 
to  complete  an  organization  without  the  warrant  of 
legislative  action ;  but  as  the  Province  was  in  con- 
fusion, and  Burlington,  the  place  where  official 
business  was  transacted,  was  far  away,  the  people 
took  this  opportunity  to  provide  for  themselves 
offices  of  record  and  a  more  convenient  place  for 
the  transaction  of  public  business.  This  action 
was  confirmed  by  the  Provincial  Government  in 
1692  and  1694. 


Gloucester  as  a  County-Seat. — It  is  very 
evident  that  at  the  time  of  this  action  there  were 
some  settlers  at  Gloucester,  but  who  they  all  were 
is  not  definitely  known.  Mathew  Medcalf,  Samuel 
Harrison,  John  Reading,  William  Harrison  and 
Thomas  and  Richard  Bull  were  among  the  first 
settlers  there.  Some  of  them  were  friends  of  the 
London  commissioners,  and  others  the  settlers  on 
Newton  Creek,  who  became  residents  of  the  new 
county-seat. 

A  tract  of  land  was  laid  out  by  them.  It  was 
proposed  and  intended  from  the  year  1677  to  make 
the  place  a  town,  and  on  the  12th  of  the  Sixth 
Month,  1686,  the  proprietors  held  a  public  meeting 
at  Gloucester,  at  which  it  was  mutually  agreed 
by  all  the  proprietors  then  present  to  lay  out  a 
town.  A  memorandum  was  drawn  up,  which  is 
now  in  the  Surveyor-General's  Office,  at  Burling- 
ton, extracts  from  which  are  here  given : 

Article  1.  "  That  the  town  shall  contain  nine 
streets,  extending  from  the  River  Delaware  back- 
wards, the  land  embraced  to  be  laid  out  and 
divided  into  ten  equal  parts,  every  one  fronting 
the  river  and  containing  in  breadth  220  yards." 

Article  2.  "  That  at  present  there  shall  be  a 
cross  street,  run  through  the  town  at  the  distance 
of  twelve  chains  and  twenty  links,  from  Water 
Street  to  the  river-side." 

Article  3.  "  That  the  two  middle  divisions,  or 
tenth  part,  of  the  town  shall  again  be  divided  into 
two  equal  parts,  by  the  running  of  a  street  to  cross 
the  same  in  the  midst,  between  Water  Street  and 
the  aforesaid  street  running  through  the  town." 

Article  4.  "  That  there  shall  be  a  square  three 
chains  every  way,  laid  out  for  a  Market-Place, 
where  the  said  cross  street  shall  meet  and  intersect 
the  higher  great  street,  which  is  between  the  two 
middle  tenths,  or  divisions  aforesaid." 

Article  5.  "That  the  four  quarters  bordering 
to  the  market-place  be  divided  and  made  by  the 
running  of  the  afforesaid  short  cross  street  and  High 
street  shall  be  again  divided  into  equal  shares  and 
lots,  of  which  every  quarter  shall  contain  twenty 
and  two,  being  in  the  whole  eighty-eight  lots,  the 
length  of  which  shall  be  half  the  distance  between 
the  said  Water  Street  and  short  cross  street,  which 
is  sixty  yards,  and  the  breadth  of  each  lot  shall  be 
the  eleventh  part  of  the  breadth  of  one  of  the  mid- 
dle divisions,  or  tenth  part  of  the  Town  is  twenty 
yards." 

Article  6  provided  "  that  every  proprietor  shall 
have  privilege  of  choosing  his  lot,  provided  he  settle 
on  the  same  and  build  a  house  within  six  months." 

Article  7  provided  "that  every  proprietor  hav- 
ing a  right  to  a  twentieth  part  of  a  Propriety  may 


GLOUCESTER  CITY. 


585 


take  up  one  of  the  aforesaid  eighty-eight  lota,  and 
80  proportionately  for  any  greater  share  or  part." 

Article  12  says  ;  "  That  the  town  be  from  hence- 
forth called  Gloucester,  and  the  third  and  fourth 
tenths  the  County  of  Gloucester." 

Article  13  prayed  "  That  the  creek  heretofore  and 
commonly  called  by  the  name  of  Timber  Creek  be 
and  is  hereby  nominated  and  is  henceforth  to  be 
called  by  the  name  of  Gloucester  River." 

Article  14  provides  "  That  for  taking  up  lands 
within  the  town  bounds  or  liberties  of  Glouces- 
ter." 

It  is  evident  that  at  this  stage  of  the  meeting 
some  of  the  members  had  been  thinking  of  the 
plan  proposed,  and  had  feared  that  trouble  would 
ensue  in  a  division  of  lots,  and  Article  15  provided 
other  means  of  distribution,  by  which  "the 
proprietors,  aforesaid,  do  fully  and  absolutely  con- 
sent, conclude  and  agree." 

All  former  locations  were  declared  null  and  void 
by  Article  16,  and  Article  17  declared  "that  what 
land  soever  shall  be  taken  up  within  the  Town 
boundary  shall  be  by  lot,  and  instead  of  a  first 
choice  (as  formerly  proposed),  the  first  lot  shall  now 
claim  and  have  the  first  survey,"  and  so  on. 

Article  18  provided  "  That  before  any  land  be 
surveyed  in  the  Town  there  shall  a  road  be  laid 
and  marked  out  from  High  Street  in  Gloucester, 
through  the  middle  of  the  Town  bounds,  until  it 
meets  with  Salem  road." 

Article  19  declared  "  That  there  be  two  public 
and  commodious  landings  in  the  most  convenient 
places  on  the  banks  of  the  Gloucester  river  and  the 
branch  of  the  Newton  (ireek,  surveyed  and  laid 
forth  with  roads  leading  from  them  into  the  afibre- 
said  high  road,  through  the  midst  of  the  Town 
bounds." 

Article  20  declared  "  That  there  shall  be  a  lane 
or  road  of  33  foot  broad  laid  out  at  the  distance  and 
end  of  every  twenty  chains  through  the  Town 
bounds,  from  the  high  road  of  each  side  thereof, 
down  to  the  branch  of  Gloucester  river  and  the 
branch  of  Newton  Creek." 

The  great  road  was  ordered  to  be  begun  the  20th 
of  August  following,  also  the  public  landings,  with 
the  roads  and  the  rest  of  the  lands  or  roads  lead- 
ing from  the  branches,  and  proceeded  with  until 
completed. 

It  was  also  ordered  that  the  surveyor,  Thomas 
Sharp,  be  furnished  with  four  assistants,  namely : 
Francis  Collins,  Thomas  Thackara,  John  Reading 
and  Mathew  Medcalf,  each  of  which  was  to  have 
five  shillings  per  day,  and  the  surveyor  ten  shil- 
lings. 

The  following-named  persons  were  subscribers 


to  the  articles,  who  declared  that  "All  the 
several  Articles  and  conclusions  are  never  exposed 
and  declared  before:"  William  Coxe,  Francis 
Collins,  William  Roydon,  Thomas  Sharp,  Robert 
Zane,  William  Bates,  Thomas  Carleton,  William 
White,  Mathew  Medcalf,  Thomas  Thackara,  John 
Ffuller,  Widow  Welch,  Richard  Heritage,  Wil- 
liam Willis,  James  Atmore,  Stephen  Newby,  Wil- 
liam Coxe,  Widow  Bull,  Francis  Collins,  Thomas 
Coxe  and  William  Alberson. 

The  eighty-eight  lots  in  the  town  plot  were  num- 
bered and  began  at  the  north  end  of  Water  Street ; 
the  lots  are  numbered  as  follows,  and  the  name  of 
owner  and  date  of  survey  is  here  given  as  far  as 
could  be  ascertained  :  No.  1,  corner  of  Water 
Street,  Samuel  Harrison,  November  1, 1689;  Nos.  2, 
3  and  4,  Matthew  Medcalf,  November  25, 1689;  No. 
5,  Sarah  Harrison,  for  her  husband,  January  24, 
1689  ;  No.  6,  John  Reading,  November  26,  1690 ; 
Nos.  7  and  8,  Andrew  Robeson,  March  12,  1689; 
Nos.  9,  10  and  11,  John  Reading, .  December  6, 
1688  ;  No.  11  was  on  the  corner  of  Water  Street 
and  the  great  road ;  No.  12,  Francis  Collins,  also 
on  corner  of  Water  Street  and  great  road,  south 
side,  September  12,  1689 ;  Nos.  13  and  14,  Thomas 
Bull,  December  17,  1689;  lot  No.  15,  Sarah 
Wheeler,  September  13, 1689  (this  lot  was  a  triangle 
at  the  turn  in  the  river,  the  lots  from  this  front 
were  laid  out  at  right  angles) ;  No.  16,  William 
Roydon,  October  7,  1689  ;  No.  17  to  Daniel  Read- 
ing, August  9,  1689  ;  Nos.  18  and  19,  Anthony 
Sharp  (uncle  of  Thomas  Sharp),  April  26,  1689 ; 
No.  20,  Thomas  Sherman,  November  26,  1690; 
Nos.  21,  22  and  23,  vacant  to  the  town  line  on 
the  corner  northward  from  the  town  line  on  the 
east  side  of  the  main  road  ;  Nos.  24,  25,  26  and  27, 
vacant ;  Nos.  28,  29  and  30,  in  rear  of  18  and  19, 
were  surveyed  to  Anthony  Sharp,  April  26,  1689 ; 
No.  31,  John  Reading  ;  Nos.  32  and  33,  on  south 
side  of  public  square  were  vacant ;  Nos.  34, 35, 36, 37, 
38  and  39,  on  north  side  of  public  square,  John 
Reading,  December  17, 1689  ;  lots  40,  41, 42, 43  and 
44,  to  town  line  are  vacant.  The  blocks  containing 
twenty  lots  each,  on  the  west  side  of  the  north  and 
south  road,  are  numbered  from  44  to  66,  and  owned 
by  John  Reading;  lots  50,51,  52,  53,  54,55  and  58, 
59, 60, 61  and  62.  On  the  back  line  lots  number  from 
67  northward  to  88.  Of  them,  John  Reading  owned 
lots  70,  71,  72,  73,  74,  75  and  78,  79,  80,  81,  82  and 
83.  The  town  bounds,  or  liberties  of  Gloucester, 
were  divided,  as  before  mentioned,  into  ten  parts. 
The  land  north  of  the  bounds  and  on  Newton 
Creek  was  swampy  and  in  possession  of  G.  and  W. 
Harrison.  The  first  part  is  marked  on  the  town 
plot  as  in  possession  of  John  Reading,  the  clerk  of 


586 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


the  county,  and  Samuel  Harrison.  Part  second  is 
marked  as  mostly  vacant,  John  Beading  being  in 
possession  of  one-eighth  of  the  part.  Part  three, 
the  north  part,  is  mentioned  as  laid  off  to  John 
Reading  and  William  Eoydon.  Part  four  contains 
the  following:  "Andrew  Robeson  one  whole  pro- 
priety, ye  12th  of  9th  month,  1689."  Part  five 
contains  in  its  limits  the  north  half  of  the  old  plot 
which  was  on  the  west  end  ;  the  east  end  of  this  part 
is  marked  as  being  in  possession  of  Mathew  Med- 
calf,  Richard  Bull  and  John  Reading.  Part  six 
embraced  within  its  limits  the  south  half  of  the 
old  plot,  and  the  east  end  of  the  part  was  owned 
by  Anthony  Sharp  and  Richard  Bull.  Part  seven 
was  surveyed  to  Robert  Turner  and  Widow  Bull. 
Francis  Collins  is  marked  as  in  possession  of  the 
north  half  of  part  eight  and  part  nine  and  part 
ten,  and  marked  as  vacant.  The  land  and  swamp 
south  of  the  town  was  owned  by  John  Reading. 
The  plot  of  1689  is  known  in  old  papers  and 
records  as  the  "  Liberties  of  Gloucester."  For  many 
years  Gloucester  township  and  Gloucester  town 
were  separate  organizations.  The  latter  extended 
eastwardly  to  a  line  east  of  Mount  Ephraim,  be- 
tween the  present  farms  of  Benjamin  and  Joseph 
Lippincott,  and  to  the  farm  of  Samuel  E.  Shivers, 
and  running  from  the  south  branch  of  Newton 
Creek  to  Little  Timber  Creek.  On  the  15th  of 
November,  1831,  Gloucester  town  and  a  portion  of 
Gloucester  township  were  laid  out  and  given  the 
name  of  Union  township,  and  included  the  terri- 
tory now  embraced  in  Gloucester  City  and  Centre 
township.  The  latter  was  erected  from  the  greater 
pan  of  the  territory  of  Union  township  in  1855, 
and  the  remaining  portion  of  Union  township, 
upon  the  incorporation  of  the  city  of  Gloucester, 
February  25,  1868,  was  annexed  to  the  city  and  so 
remains. 

The  County  Courts  and  Public  Buildings. 
— The  first  courts  of  the  county  of  Gloucester  were 
held  at  Gloucester  on  the  1st  day  of  September 
1686,  at  whose  house  or  tavern  is  not  stated. 
Courts  were  held  a  few  times  at  Red  Bank,  but 
that  place  was  soon  abandoned.  At  a  meeting  of 
the  court  held  at  Gloucester  on  the  2d  of  Decem- 
ber, 1689,  it  was  decided  to  erect  a  jail,  and  the 
court  record  contains  the  following  entry  concern- 
ing it : 

"Daniel  Reading  undertakes  to  build  a  goale 
logg-house,  fifteen  or  sixteen  foot  square,  provided 
he  may  have  one  lott  of  Land  conveyed  to  him 
and  his  heirs  forever,  and  y'  said  house  to  Serve 
for  a  prison  till  y'  County  makes  a  common  goale 
or  until  y'  s'd  logge-house  shall  with  age  be  de- 
stroyed or  made  insufficient  for  that  purpose ;  and 


William  Roydon  undertakes  to  Convey  y°  lotts,  he 
being  paid  three  pounds  for  the  same  at  or  before 
y°  next  Courte." 

This  primitive  prison  was  the  abode  of  the 
Gloucester  malefactors  until  the  end  of  1695,  when 
the  court  ordered  another  of  the  same  kind  to  be 
built,  but  in  June,  1696,  it  changed  its  plan  and 
decided  to  combine  the  jail  with  the  first  court- 
house, the  court  having  theretofore  been  held  in 
taverns  or  private  houses.  The  following  specifi- 
cations were  made  : 

"A  prison  of  twenty  foot  long  and  sixleen  wide, 
of  a  sufficient  height  and  strength,  made  of  loggs, 
to  be  erected  and  builded  in  Gloucester,  with  a 
Court-House  over  the  same,  of  a  convenient  height 
and  largeness,  covered  of  and  with  cedar  shingles, 
well  and  workmanlike  to  be  made,  and  with  all 
convenient  expedition  finished.  Matthew  Med- 
calfe  and  John  Reading  to  be  overseers  or  agents 
to  lett  the  same  or  see  the  said  buildings  done  and 
performed  in  manner  aforesaid,  they  to  have 
money  for  carrying  on  of  the  said  work  of  the 
last  county  tax." 

On  October  5,  1708,  a  stone  and  brick  addition 
was  ordered,  and  to  defray  the  expenses  of  this 
improvement  the  grand  jury  levied  a  tax  of  one 
shilling  upon  every  hundred  acres  of  land,  six- 
pence per  head  for  every  horse  and  mare  more 
than  three  years  old,  for  neat  cattle  three  pence 
each,  three  shillings  for  each  freeman  in  service 
and  three  shillings  for  each  negro  over  twelve 
years  of  age,  to  be  paid  in  current  silver  money  or 
corn,  or  any  other  country  produce  at  money 
price. 

December  5,  1708,  the  grand  jury  considered  it 
necessary  that  an  addition  be  made  to  the  prison 
and  court-house  and  presented  the  following  spec- 
ifications :  "That  it  joyne  to  the  south  end  of  the 
ould  one,  to  be  made  of  stone  and  brick,  twelve 
feet  in  the  cleare  and  two  story  high,  with  a  stack 
of  chimneys  joyning  to  the  ould  house,  and  that  it 
be  uniform  from  ye  foundation  to  the  court-house." 
This  addition  was  made,  and  seven  years  later,  in 
April,  1715,  the  justices  and  freeholders  decided 
to  build  a  jail  twenty-four  feet  long,  with  walls  nine 
feet  high  and  two  feet  thick.  Another  site  was 
selected  and  the  old  jail  and  court-house  were  sold 
in  March,  1719,  to  William  Harrison.  The  county 
buildings  were  completed  in  1719,  and  in  Decem- 
ber of  that  year  the  justices  and  freeholders,  not 
being  satisfied  with  the  work,  ordered  the  building 
"  to  be  pulled  down  to  ye  lower  floor  and  rebuilt 
upon  the  same  foundation."  About  this  time  it 
was  ordered  "  that  a  payor  of  substantial  stocks  be 
erected  near  the  prison ,  with  a  post  at  each  end. 


GLOUCESTER  CITY. 


587 


well  fixed  and  fastened  with  a  hand  cufF  iron  at 
one  of  them  for  a  whipping  post."  That  a  pillory 
or  stocks  was  established  before  this  time  is  evi- 
dent irom  the  fact  that  March  1, 1691,  John  Rich- 
ards was  found  guilty  of  perjury,  and  sentenced  to 
pay  twenty  pounds  "or  stand  in  ye  pillory  one 
hour."  He  chose  the  latter  and  served  his  sen- 
tence April  12th  following. 

The  court-house  as  reconstructed  was  quite  an 
elaborate  building.  The  first  story  was  the  prison, 
and  imposed  upon  it  was  the  court-house,  the  main 
room  of  which  was  nine  feet  high,  and  was  reached 
by  "  a  substantial  flight  of  stone  stayers."  There 
was  "  a  Gallery  at  the  Weste  end  from  side  to  side," 
and  "  a  payer  of  stayers  up  into  the  garrett,"  be- 
sides "  a  table  and  Bar,  pailed,  that  it  may  Suffi- 
ciently accommodate  the  Justices,  Clerks,  Attur- 
neys  and  Jurys."  The  stocks  and  whipping-post 
were  set  up  near  by,  and  in  1736  the  board  ordered 
the  addition  of  a  yard,  a  watch-house,  a  work- 
house and  a  pump  to  the  public  buildings  of  this 
new  county-seat.  That  the  court-house  was  not 
comfortable  appears  by  this  minute  of  December 
19,  1721 :  "  Proclamation  being  made,  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas  is  adjourned  to  the  house  of  Mary 
Spey  by  reason  of  the  cold."  Probably  the  build- 
ing had  never  been  completed  according  to  the 
specifications,  as  in  January,  1722,  the  board 
passed  a  resolution  directing  Thomas  Sharp  to 
prosecute  Abraham  Porter  and  William  Harrison, 
the  building  commissioners,  on  their  bonds  of  fifty 
pounds  each,  for  non-performance  of  their  duties ; 
"  or  otherwise  a  Prosecution  shall  be  proceeded  in 
against  ye  s'd  Thomas  Sharp  for  Paying  ye  third 
and  last  Payment  before  it  came  due."  The  next 
year  this  resolution  was  suspended  in  order  to  per- 
mit them  to  finish  their  work.  In  1750  Samuel 
Cole  was  made  manager  of  further  additions,  and 
in  1782  repairs  to  the  court-house  and  jail  were 
ordered,  and  such  repairs  to  the  county-house  as 
to  make  it  tenable.  The  jail  and  court-house 
were  destroyed  by  fire  March,  1786,  and  a  major- 
ity of  the  shareholders  desired  the  buildings  else- 
where. The  subject  was  brought  before  the  people 
of  the  county  and  an  election  was  held  and 
Woodbury  was  selected  as  the  county-seat,  and  old 
Gloucester,  after  being  the  seat  of  justice  for  the 
county  one  hundred  years,  lost  its  importance  and 
remained  the  same  for  many  years  after. 

The  Original  Town  and  Some  of  its  Peo- 
ple.—Gabriel  Thomas,  writing  in  1698,  says  of 
Gloucester:  "There  is  Gloucester  Town,  which  is 
a  very  fine  and  pleasant  place,  being  well-stored 
with  summer  fruits,  such  as  cherries,  mulberries 
and  strawberries ;  whither  young  people  come  from 


Philadelphia,  in  the  wherry-boats,  to  eat  strawber- 
ries and  cream,  within  sight  of  which  city  it  is 
sweetly  located,  being  about  three  miles  distant 
from  thence." 

Oldmixon,  writing  in  1708,  says:  "Gloucester 
is  a  good  town,  and  gave  name  to  a  county.  It 
contains  one  hundred  houses,  and  the  country 
about  it  is  very  pleasant." 

A  few  facts  only  of  the  early  residents  of  the 
town  have  been  obtained  from  the  records  and 
otherpapers,  the  following  of  which  are  here  given  : 
Mathew  Medcalf,  who,  in  1686,  was  keeping  tavern, 
in  1695  and  in  1733  conducted  a  ferry  across  the 
Delaware.  The  Harrison  family,  Samuel  and 
Joseph,  were  still  living  in  the  town  in  1750,  as  in 
that  year  Samuel  Harrison  married  Abagail  Kaighn, 
widow  of  John,  and  daughter  of  John  Hinch- 
man.  She  survived  her  husband  and  died  at 
Taunton  Iron  Works,  Burlington  County,  where 
she  resided  with  her  daughter  Abagail,  wife 
of  Richard  Edwards.  William  Harrison  was 
sherifi'  of  Gloucester  County  in  1716,  and, 
later,  one  of  the  judges  of  the  county  courts. 
The  Huggs  were  large  land-owners  on  Timber 
Creek,  and  became  the  owners  of  the  ferry  and 
tavern,  at  one  of  the  public  landings.  William 
Hugg,  in  1778,  was  keeping  the  ferry  and  tavern, 
and  it  was  at  his  house  the  Fox-Hunting  Club 
was  in  the  habit  of  meeting.  The  family  siill  own 
the  fishery  there.  John  Burrough,  who  was  the 
first  of  the  name  in  the  county,  was  a  weaver,  and 
was  engaged  in  his  occupation  at  Gloucester  in 
1688.  In  that  year  he  bought  a  tract  of  land 
between  Great  and  Little  Timber  Creeks,  and,  about 
1690,  moved  upon  it.  Richard  and  Thomas  Bull 
were  lot-owners  in  the  first  division,  as  also  was 
Widow  Sarah  Bull.  Thomas  Bull,  in  1710,  married 
Sarah  Nelson,  at  the  Newton  Friends'  Meeting- 
house. He  was,  doubtless,  a  member  of  this  fam- 
ily. Richard  Bull  was  still  a  resident  of  Glouces- 
ter in  1717.  Jacob  and  Thomas  Clement,  who 
came  from  Long  Island  with  the  Harrisons,  were 
among  the  early  residents  of  the  town.  Jacob 
Clement  married  Ann,  daughter  of  Samuel  Har- 
rison, of  the  same  place.  He  was  a  shoemaker 
and  followed  his  trade  by  going  from  house  to 
house,  as  was  the  custom  in  those  early  days.  In 
1733  John  Brown  was  taxed  10s.  as  a  merchant. 
Sarah  Bull  was  then  conducting  a  mercantile  busi- 
ness, for  which  she  was  assessed  2s.  Medcalf's 
ferry  was  assessed  12s.,  and  Tatem's  7s.  M.  It  is 
probable  that  Tatem  was  then  keeping  one  of  the 
Cooper  ferries. 

A  Deserted  Village.— The  removal  of  the  seat 
of  justice  from  Gloucester  to  Woodbury  caused  the 


688 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


former  to  decline  in  importance  and  influence,  and 
thenceforward,  for  nearly  three-quarters  of  a  cen- 
tury, it  was  known  only  as  a  fishing  town  and  a 
place  for  the  meeting  of  clubs  from  Philadelphia 
and  elsewhere.  Multitudes  visited  it,  but  few  re- 
mained. Farming,  berrying,  fishing  and  catering  to 
the  desires  of  pleasure-seekers  constituted  the  avo- 
cations of  the  few  people  who  lived  here  during  the 
ante-industrial  period.  The  "Old  Brick"  ferry- 
house,  at  the  Point;  Powell's  farm-house,  on  the 
shore,atthefoot  of  Somerset  Street,  built  in  1696  (the 
date  on  the  tablet  was  obscure  when  it  was  torn 
down  by  Captain  William  Albertson,  in  1882);  the 
Plummer  House,  on  the  site  of  the  iron  works ; 
the  Arthur  Powell  homestead,  at  Sussex  and  Mar- 
ket Streets,  now  the  residence  of  his  widow,  the 
venerable  and  intelligent  octogenarian,  Mary  Pow- 
ell; the  Harrison  mansion,  near  Newton  Creek, 
where  Miss  Mary  Harrison,  a  descendant  of  Samuel 
Harrison,  who  bought  the  northern  section  of  the 
town  in  1689,  lived  with  the  family  of  John  Eed- 
field,  and  where  she  died  in  1885;  a  cluster  of 
houses  at  Pine  Grove,  and  a  few  houses  along  the 
shore,  sheltering  the  ferrymen  and  fishermen, 
comprised  all  there  was  of  the  town  of  Gloucester 
in  1830.  "  Not  twenty  houses  in  the  whole  place," 
declared  an  old  resident. 

Besides  the  houses  noted  above,  there  were  the 
old  court-house  on  the  southwest  corner  of  King 
and  Market  Streets,  and  the  jail  on  Market,  above 
King.  The  first  was  removed  about  1865  to  make 
way  for  a  dwelling,  and  the  jail  was  burned 
about  1820.  The  bricks  were  bought  by  Frederick 
Plummer  and  used  in  the  construction  of  the  two- 
story  rough-cast  house  now  standing  on  Front 
Street,  above  Mechanic,  in  Camden. 

An  Era  of  Prosperity  Arrives. — With  all 
its  desirableness  as  a  place  of  residence,  the  pro- 
gress of  Gloucester  was  slow  until  the  advent  of 
industrial  establishments — the  first,  the  Washing- 
ton Mills,  which  commenced  operation  in  1845 — 
offered  regular  and  remunerative  employment. 

It  is  difficult  to  ascertain  the  increase  in  popula- 
tion of  the  territory  now  comprised  within  the 
limits  of  the  town  of  Gloucester  prior  to  1850; 
for  it  was  included  as  a  part  of  Gloucester  town- 
ship in  1695,  and  although  it  assumed,  as  Glouces- 
ter Town,  to  be  a  separate  constabulary,  the  census- 
takers,  with  rare  exceptions,  counted  its  popula- 
tion with  that  township,  and  after  1882  with 
Union  township,  which  was  set  off  from  Glouces- 
ter township  in  that  year,  and  as  the  town  was 
not  co-extensive  with  the  township  until  1855, 
when  Centre  township  was  set  off  from  Union,  the 
proportion  belonging  to  the  town  cannot  be  ascer- 


tained. In  1810  the  population  of  Gloucester 
township  was  1726.  This,  then,  included  Glouces- 
ter and  Centre  townships  and  Gloucester  City, 
with  an  aggregate  population,  in  1885,  of  10,231. 
In  1830  the  census  gives  Gloucester  Town  686,  and 
in  1840  Union  township  1075.  This  included 
Centre  township.  In  1850  the  population  of 
Union  was  1095,  and  of  Gloucester  City  2188,  show- 
ing a  wonderful  incre&se  during  the  ten  years  mark- 
ing the  advent  of  the  industrial  era,  inaugurated 
in  1845,  chiefly  through  the  enterprise  of  David  S. 
Brown,  to  whom,  more  than  to  any  other  person, 
Gloucester  owes  its  advancement.  The  best  data 
to  be  had  places  the  number  of  people  inhabiting 
the  locality,  in  1840,  at  less  than  two  hundred.  Its 
growth  since  is  shown  by  these  tables  taken  from 
the  census  returns : 


United  States  Census. 

1860 2188 

1860 2865 

1870 3082 

1880 5347 


State  CoDBus. 

1865 2463 

1866 3773 

1876 6105 

1885 6900 


THE  CITY  GOVERNMENT. 

In  1868  the  town  was  incorporated  as  Gloucester 
City.  The  first  officers  of  the  city,  elected  in 
March,  1868,  were  as  follows  :  Mayor,  Samuel  D. 
Mulford ;  Recorder,  Hugh  J.  Gorman  ;  Assessor, 
Frederick  Shindle ;  Collector,  Andrew  J.  Greene ; 
Surveyor  of  Highways,  Bowman  H.  Lippincott; 
Constables,  Peter  Eencorn  and  Samuel  West; 
Councilmen,  Samuel  Raby,  John  M.  Pettit,  Na- 
thaniel W.  Fernald,  William  C.  Mulford,  William 
N.  Brown,  Henry  P.  Gaunt. 

The  first  meeting  was  held  March  13th,  at  the 
mayor's  private  office.  Peter  L.  Voorhees,  of 
Camden,  was  elected  city  solicitor. 

In  1871  the  charter  was  amended,  under  which 
the  number  of  Councilmen  was  increased  to 
nine.  In  1883  the  city  was  divided  into  two  wards, 
under  a  statute  of  the  State ;  each  ward  now  elects 
four  members  of  Council,  leaving  the  ninth  to  be 
elected  by  the  city  at  large. 

City  Hall. — In  1869  an  act  of  the  Legislature 
authorized  the  City  Council  to  issue  bonds  to  the 
amount  of  twenty  thousand  dollars,  for  the  purpose 
of  building  a  city  hall.  The  bonds  were  issued  and 
a  two-story  brick  building  was  erected.  The  build- 
ing is  of  brick,  two  stories  high,  and  finished  in  a 
plain  but  most  substantial  manner.  The  first  floor 
is  divided  into  convenient  rooms  for  city  officers, — 
a  Council  chamber,  mayor's  office  and  lock-up.  In 
the  upper  story  is  a  large  audience-room,  with  a 
spacious  stage,  and  a  seating  capacity  for  five 
hundred  persons.  The  hall  is  located  on  the  north 
side  of  Monmouth  Street,  above  Burlington, 


GLOUCESTER  CITY. 


589 


Mayoes. — The  following  is  a  list  of  the  mayors 
of  Gloucester  from  1868  to  1886  : 


18G8.  Samuel  D.  Mulford. 
1869.  Charles  C.  CoUings. 
1870-71.  Peter  McAdama. 

1872.  Samuel  T.  Murphy. 

1873.  David  Adams. 

1874.  James  L.  Hines. 


1875-76-77.  John  Gaunt. 
1878-80-83.  William  H.   Banks. 
18-0-81-82.  John  Willian. 
1883.  Freaerick  Shiudle.i 
1883-85.  Samuel  Moss. 
1886.  George  Wyncoop. 


Mayor  John  Willian  died  in  the  winter  of  1883, 
and  Frederick  Shindle  was  appointed  to  fill  the 
vacanqy  for  the  unexpired  term. 

Kecoedees. — The  names  of  the  city  recorders 
and  the  dates  of  their  election  are  as  follows  : 


1868.  Hugh  J.  Gorman. 

1869.  Charles  F.  Mayers. 
1869.  Edward  Mills.2 
1870-80.  Benjamin  Sands. 

1871.  Theodore  Brick. 

1872.  John  A.  Baker. 

1873.  Benjamin  F.  Meadey. 


1874.  Willard  Emery. 

1875.  Daniel  J.  McBride. 
1876-77.  John  H.  McMurray. 
1878-79.  G.  William  Barnard. 

1881.  William  H.  Bowker. 

1882.  William  H.  Taylor. 
1883-87.  James  Lyons. 


Charles  F.  Mayers  resigned  in  May,  1869, 
and  Edward  Mills  was  appointed  in  his  place. 
Jas.  Lyons  was  re-elected  in  1884,  and  by  a  change 
in  the  law,  the  term  was  extended  to  three  years. 

CoLLECTOES  OK  CiTY  Teeasueees.^ Albert  J. 
Green  was  elected  to  the  office  in  1868,  and  again 
in  1870,  re-elected  in  1871-72 ;  again  elected  in 
1878,  and  has  been  re-elected  each  succeeding 
year  since,  making  twelve  years  of  service.  The 
other  treasurers  were, — 

Andrew  J  Greene  was  elected  in  1868-70-71-72  ;  again  in  1878, 
and  re-elected  annually  until  1886,  inclusive,  and  dying  in  the  latter 
year,  his  place  was  filled  by  Charles  H.  Fowler,  appointed  by  City 


Council. 

1869.  Thomas  Hallam. 

1873.  Alonzo  D.  Husted. 

1874.  Alexander  A.  Powell. 


1876.  Peter  Eencorn. 
1876.  Thomas  Hallam.s 
1876.  Hugh  J.  Gorman. 


Peter  Eencorn  died  and  Thomas  Hallam  was 
appointed  in  his  place. 

PRESIDENTS  OF  COUNCIL. 

(By  the  charter  of  1868  the  mayor  presided  ;  by  the  amendment  of 
1871  Councils  elected  the  president.) 
1871-74-79.  Edmund  Hoffman.      1881.  Samuel  Moss. 
1872.  Henry  F.  West.  1882.  Robert  Conway. 

1873-75-78.  Philip  H.  Fowler.      1883.  G.  William  Barnard. 
1876-77.  Aaron  Fortiner.  1884.  Lewis  G.  Mayers. 

1880.  Henry  P.  Gaunt.  1885-86.  William  0.  Hawkins. 

Following  are  officers  for  1886  : 

Mayor,  George  Wyncoop ;  Kecorder,  James  Lyons ;  Collector, 
Charles  H.  Fowler  ;  Assessor,  Joseph  Whittington  ;  Chief  Engineer 
of  Water  Department,  James  Finley ;  Councilmen,  William  C. 
Hawkins,  W.  J.  Thompson,  G.  William  Barnard,  Jacob  Carter, 
Francis  McQuaide,  William  A.  Guy,  Charles  Eencorn,  John  Eed- 
lield,  Michael  Smith. 

The  Fieb  Depaetment. — Prior  to  1875  Glou- 
cester City  had  no  Fire  Department.     In  March  of 

>  Elected  to  fill  unexpired  term  of  John  Willian,  deceased. 
2  Vice  Charles  F.  Mayers,  resigned. 

'  Appointed  by  City  Council,  vice  Peter  Eencorn,  deceased. 
71 


that  year  a  fire  broke  out  in  a  store  on  Middlesex 
Street  and  Willow,  which  did  much  damage,  and 
would  have  been  disastrous  but  for  the  steam-power 
aad  hose  of  the  Washington  and  Ancona  Works. 
This  aroused  the  people  to  action,  and  Gloucester 
City  Fire  Department  was  formed  as  follows  :  Fore- 
man, Patrick  Mealey;  First  Assistant  Foreman, 
John  Graham ;  Second  Assistant  Foreman,  John 
Lafiferty ;  Privates,  Henry  Gilmore,  Andrew  Mosser, 
James  Foster,  Joseph  McAdama,  Lawrence  Con- 
lohan,  James  McMahon,  Sr.,  James  McMahon, 
Jr.,  Joseph  Berry,  Herman  jKlosterman  and  Wil- 
liam Shimp. 

The  apparatus  provided  comprised  one  hook-and- 
ladder  truck,  fire-ladders,  six  fire  extinguishers, 
six  hooks,  thirty-six  buckets,  axles,  rope,  grap- 
pling irons,  etc.  There  were  no  water-works  out- 
side the  mills,  and  no  means  of  procuring  water 
save  from  wells,  passed  from  hand  to  hand  in 
buckets.  One  thousand  feet  of  hose  was  procured, 
and  on  September  13,  1878,  a  carriage  was  pur- 
chased of  the  Union  Hose  Company  of  Lancas- 
ter, Pa. 

The  department  was  then  re-organized  as  follows : 
Chief  Engineer,  Patrick  Mealey ;  First  Assistant 
Engineer,  John  P.  Booth ;  Second  Assistant  En- 
gineer, Henry  J.  West ;  Members,  John  Graham 
James  Foster,  James  McMahon,  Sr.,  Andrew  Mos- 
ser, Henry  Gilmore,  Joseph  McAdams,  John  E. 
Farquhar,  Edward  Byers,  James  Truax,  William 
Keown,  Edward  Shingle,  Jacob  Carter,  Lawrence 
Conlohan,  Michael  Noon,  Patrick  Gilmour,  John 
Lafierty,  James  McMahon,  William  Byers,  Isaac 
Edwards,  Theodore  Hoffman. 

In  1879,  Assistants  John  P.  Booth  and  Henry 
J.  West  resigned,  and  James  McMahon  and  Jas. 
Foster  were  appointed  to  fill  their  places. 

The  department  was  placed  under  the  control  of 
five  commissioners  appointed  by  the  Council, — 
three  of  them  members  of  that  body  and  two  selected 
from  the  citizens.  In  1884  the  commissioners  in- 
creased the  force  to  thirty-four,  when  these  were 
appointed,  —  Edward  Hutchinson,  William  A. 
Guy,  Isaac  Budd,  Adin  Owens,  Ealph  McDermott, 
John  McElhone,  Stansford  Foster,  Eobert  Walsh, 
William  Shaw,  William  Stiles,  and  these,  with 
those  before-named,  constitute  the  department. 

The  commissioners  are, — Citizens:  Philip  H. 
Fowler  (president)  and  Hugh  Mullin;  Council- 
men,  William  A.  Guy,  G.  M.  Barnard  and  Charles 
Eencorn.  President  Fowler  is  superintendent  of  the 
Gingham  Mills,  and  was  one  of  the  first  and  most 
active  promoters  of  the  organization  of  the  Fire 
Department,  and  has  been  president  of  the  com- 
missioners from  the  start. 


590 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


The  house  occupied  is  the  one  first  built,  of 
wood,  on  the  rear  of  the  city  hall  lot.  The  firemen 
receive  no  pay,  but  are  exempt  from  assessment  on 
private  property  to  the  amount  of  five  hundred 
dollars  and  are  beneficiaries  of  the  Firemen's  Relief 
Fund,  the  growth  of  a  State  tax  upon  insurance 
companies.  In  constructing  the  water-works,  in 
1883,  fire  matters  were  duly  considered,  and  the 
necessity  for  fire-engines  obviated  by  a  direct 
pressure  being  brought  to  bear  from  the  pumping 
engines  upon  the  street  hydrants  insufficient  to 
force  the  water  over  the  highest  buildings  in  the 
city. 

The  Water  Supply. — In  1873  the  Legisla- 
ture authorized  the  borrowing  of  five  thousand 
dollars,  and  in  1874  a  like- amount,  for  the  con- 
struction of  sewers.  The  money  was  judiciously 
expended  and  the  loan  paid  when  due.  In  1873 
the  Gloucester  Land  Company  having  given  the 
city  the  Mercer  Street  water-front,  authority  was 
obtained  from  the  Legislature  to  borrow  ten 
thousand  dollars  for  the  purpose  of  constructing  a 
wharf.  This  was  accomplished  within  the  esti- 
mated limit,  and  the  bonds  issued  were  paid  as  they 
matured.  These  were  the  only  debts  contracted, 
and  for  several  years  the  city  had  no  obligations, 
when,  in  1883,  it  was  determined  to  construct 
water-works.  They  were  completed,  in  1884,  at  a 
cost  of  eighty-five  thousand  dollars.  To  meet  this 
expenditul-e,  four  per  cent,  bonds,  having  from  ten 
to  thirty  years  to  run,  were  issued,  and  the  re- 
mainder of  the  cost  was  paid  out  of  a  balance  in 
the  hands  of  the  treasurer.  A  sinking  fund  was 
established,  and  four  thousand  dollars  of  the  bonds 
have  been  paid,  leaving  seventy-six  thousand  dol- 
lars yet  due  in  1886,  represented  by  a  plant  which 
gives  promise  of  soon  returning  a  handsome 
revenue. 

The  question  of  water  supply  early  engaged  the 
attention  of  the  more  thoughtful.  The  water  sup- 
plied by  wells  was  excellent,  both  for  drinking 
and  domestic  purposes,  and  the  supply  abundant, 
but  it  was  obvious  that  the  wells  filled  by  water 
percolating  through  soil  constantly  receiving  new 
accretions  of  foreign  matter  must  be  impure,  and 
in  time  become  positively  dangerous  to  health. 
This  danger  was  avoided  by  boring  below  the 
stratum  of  clay  underlying  the  surface  soil.  Here 
water  for  drinking  is  obtained  in  abundance  and  of 
wholesome  quality,  but  too  hard  for  general  pur- 
poses. Besides,  there  was  no  adequate  protection 
in  case  of  fire,  and  water-works  were  deemed  ab- 
solutely necessary.  In  1872  David  H.  Brown,  ever 
on  the  alert  for  anything  that  would  benefit  the 
city  he  had  done  so  much  for,  procured  a  charter 


for  a  company  to  build  works,  but  the 'jealousy  of 
corporations  was  interposed.  In  1881  John  Gour- 
ley  and  other  members  of  the  City  Council  agi- 
tated the  project  and  a  vote  of  the  people,  to  whom 
the  matter  was  referred,  under  the  law,  resulted  in 
a  majority  in  its  favor,  but  the  opponents  of  the 
measure  procured  a  decision  from  the  courts  set- 
ting aside  Ihe  vote  on  account  of  some  informality. 
The  matter  slept  for  a  time,  when  the  Gloucester 
City  Reporter,  a  newspaper,  then  edited  by  Benja- 
min M.  Braker,  revived  the  interest  in  a  number 
of  well-written  articles,  and  on  the  question  being 
again  submitted  to  the  people,  it  was  approved  by 
a  decisive  vote.  Council  secured  the  services  of 
Jacob  H.  Yocum,  a  civil  engineer  of  Camden,  and 
in  1883  work  was  begun.  The  design  was  to 
obtain  the  supply  from  the  head-waters  of  Newton 
Creek,  near  Mount  Ephraim,  where  water  of  ex- 
cellent quality  could  be  had.  The  estimated  cost 
was  one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  and  bids  for 
that  amount  were  being  considered,  when  a  strong 
petition  to  locate  the  works  on  Newton  Creek, 
within  the  city  limits,  because  of  lessened  cost, 
was  presented,  and  the  demand  prevailed,  al- 
though many  questioned  the  purity  of  water  taken 
from  a  sluggish  tide-water  stream.  Fortunately, 
in  excavating  for  a  subsiding  reservoir,  from  which 
the  water  was  to  be  pumped,  a  subterranean  stream 
of  pure,  soft  water  was  struck,  of  such  volume  and 
force  that  it  seriously  impeded  the  work  and  defied 
all  efforts  to  stay  the  flow,  and  thus  most  excellent 
water  is  supplied.  A  stand-pipe  ninety  feet  high 
is  used,  and  in  case  of  fire  a  direct  pressure,  by  the 
Holly  system,  from  the  pumps,  avoids  the  necessity 
for  steam-engines. 

David  Sands  Brown  was  born  at  his  father's 
farm,  near  Dover,  N.  H.,  on  the  27th  of  July,  1800. 
His  parents  were  of  old  Puritan  stock,  his  ancestor, 
Henry  Brown,  havinj;  landed  in  Boston  in  1639, 
and  soon  after  settled  in  Salisbury,  Mass.,  where 
the  family  continued  to  live  for  several  generations. 
In  1778  William  Brown,  the  father  of  David, 
married  Abigail  Peaslee,  of  Haverhill,  Mass.,  and 
bought  the  farm  near  Dover,  N.  H.,  where  their 
children  were  born,  and  where  they  spent  the 
remainder  of  their  lives.  Soon  after  their  marriage 
they  joined  the  religious  Society  of  Friends,  and 
their  children  were  educated  in  accordance  with 
their  peculiar  views.  David  was  their  youngest 
son.  The  educational  resources  of  Dover  being  at 
this  time  very  limited,  at  ten  years  of  age  he  went 
alone  to  Boston,  riding  in  the  stage  beside  Daniel 
Webster,  thus  beginning  an  acquaintance  which 
lasted  a  lifetime. 

For  several  years  he  pursued  his  studies  at  Salem, 


GLOUCESTER  CITY. 


591 


Mass.     In  1817   he  left  that  town  to  go  into  busi- 
ness with  his  brothers,  who  had  preceded  him  to 
Philadelphia.  In  1821  he  became  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  Hacker,  Brown  &  Co.     The  house  was  en- 
gaged in  the  dry-goods  commission  business,  and 
continued  in  existence  until  1830.     In  this  year  a 
change  was  made,  and  the  firm-name  became  for 
the  future  David  S.  Brown  &  Co.    Early  in  life 
Mr.  Brown  became  much  interested  in  the  develop- 
ment of  American  manufactures.     He  was  fully 
convinced  that  the  prosperity  and  progress  of  the 
country  depended   upon  protection  to   American 
industries.     Into  the  promotion  of  these  industries 
he  threw  himself  with  all  the  earnestness  and  ac- 
tivity of  his  nature.     Earnestness  of  purpose  and 
strength  of  will  being  his  chief  characteristics,  to 
resolve  upon  an  action  was  to  carry  it  into  effect 
almost  simultaneously.     In  1844  he  projected  the 
cotton-mills  of    the   Washington   Manufacturing 
Company,  at  Gloucester,  N.  J.,  and  built  them  in 
conjunction   with   Messrs.  Churchman,  Ashhurst, 
Folwell,  Mickle,   Evans,  Gray,   Scull   and  Siter. 
This   was   followed  by  the   construction   of   the 
Gloucester  Manufacturing  Company,  for  the  pro- 
duction of  printed  calicoes.     In  1871  he  built  the 
works  of  the  Ancona  Printing  Company,  in  order 
to  utilize  newly-discovered  processes,  until   then 
untried   in   America.       In    1872   the    Gloucester 
Gingham  Mills,  built  in  1859,  were  incorporated. 
In  1871  the  Gloucester  Iron  Works,  on  the  Dela- 
ware, near  Gloucester,  were  built   and   put  into 
active  operation.      In   1873  the   Gloucester  City 
Gas  Works   were   constructed  and  incorporated, 
and    the    Gloucester    Land    Company,   and    the 
Gloucester  Land  and  Improvement  Company  or- 
ganized.    In  1865  Mr.  Brown,  in  connection  with 
a  number  of  incorporators  built  the  Camden,  Glou- 
cester and  Mount   Ephraim   Kailroad.     Of  these 
corporations  he  was  president  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  as  well  as  of  the  School  of  Design  for  Women, 
in  Philadelphia,  which  he  had  founded  in  connec- 
tion with  Mrs.  Peter,  the  wife  of  the  British  consul. 
The  rare  business  qualifications  which  Mr.  Brown 
possessed  were  strikingly  exhibited  at  the  time  of 
the   organization  of  the   Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
when  he  was  foremost  in  contributing  personally 
and  enlisting  the  aid  of  capital  in  its  purchase  and 
extension,  and  whose  earnest  appeals  and  confident 
example  contributed  materially  to  its  present  proud 
position. 

In  the  panic  of  1857  the  firm  of  David  S.  Brown 
&  Co.  succumbed  to  the  pressure,  and  suspended. 
In  April  of  the  following  year  they  submitted  to 
their  creditors  a  proposition  to  pay  seventy-five 
per  cent.— one-fifth  in  cash,  on  the  1st  of  May,  one- 


fifth  each  three,  six,  nine  and  twelve  months,  with 
interest;  and,  for  the  remaining  twenty-five  per 
cent,  they  offered  the  stock  of  the  Greenwich  Im- 
provement and  Railroad  Company,  and  the  Glou- 
cester Manufacturing  Company,  or  the  notes  of  the 
firm  at  two  and  three  years,  with  interest.  So  that, 
at  the  end  of  three  years,  the  debts  of  the  firm 
were  paid — -principal   and  interest.     In   a    short 
sketch  of  Mr.  Brown's  business  career,  which  ap- 
peared at  the  time  of  his  death,  the  writer  says  : 
"The  active  life  of  one  man  rarely  reaches  so  far 
in  its  measure  of  national  progress  as  has  that  of 
the  merchant  and  citizen  whose  death  every  one 
laments.     It  embraced  the  entire  period  of  transi- 
tion, from  dependence,  almost  abject,  upon  foreign 
countries,   to   industrial    triumphs    of   the    most 
complete  and  enduring  character,  and  this  was  in 
.  itself  the  work  of  Mr.  Brown's  life,  and  its  result 
was  the  crown  of  his  labors.  No  degree  of  personal 
eifort  that  such  an  occasion  could  call  for  was  ever 
wanting;  no  risks  that  actual  execution  of  great 
works  could  involve  were  too  great  for  him  to  take 
upon  himself.     It  is  easy  to  assume  that  a  success- 
ful issue  of  the  great  undertakings  of  1844  to  1870 
was  probable,  and  that  therefore  those  who  took 
the  responsibility   at  that  time   were   not  to  be 
credited  with  unusual  honors  ;  but  in  fact,  looking 
back  to  that  period  now,  the  wonder  rather  is  that 
any  one  should  have  been  bold  enough  to  stake 
everything  on  breaking  up  the  foreign  control    of 
our  markets — a  work  not  fully  accomplished  until 
1876.     Honor  is  due  to  Mr.  Brown  for  this  long 
and  faithful   championship  of  domestic  industry. 
To  build  up  these  industries  as  he  did  in  a  country 
without  foreign  competition  would  be  a  great  dis- 
tinction, but  in  fact,  there  has  never  been  a  greater 
struggle  or  more  extreme  difiiculties  than  those 
encountered   in  the    establishment   of   extensive 
manufactures  during  the  twenty-five  years  of  Mr. 
Brown's  greatest  activity.     Yet  the  most  unflinch- 
ing courage,  the  most  patient  and  indefatigable 
labors  marked  every  year  of  his  life,  giving  almost 
more  than  mortal  strength  to  the  business  he  had 
built  up,  and,  at  last,  laying  down  his  duties  with 
extreme  reluctance.     It  is  not  often  that  so  much 
ability  and  courage  are  united  in  a  man  of  daily 
business  activity.     It  is  easy  to  be  driven  from  a 
great  purpose  by  business  necessities  ;  it  is  easy  to 
yield  upon  the  ground  that  at  the  time  it   does 
not  pay,  but  Mr.  Brown   never  forgot   the  higher 
public     purpose     in    the    most     extreme    busi- 
ness trials,  and  although  the  end  shows  that  such 
firmness  is  best,  it  is  rare  that  persons  tried  in  such 
emergencies  see  the  higher  interests  as  he  did.    In 
his  manner,  in  his  activity, in  his  persistence  to  go 


692 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


on  and  do  more,  Mr.  Brown  seemed  little  chnngod 
in  1870  from  liiH  daily  life  in  ISfiO.  Yet  tliene 
twenty  yours  had  seen  the  hattle  of  his  life  efjiii- 
pletely  won,  and  liimseH'  not  the  least  of  the 
masters  in  the  field." 

In  reviewing  Mr.  I'rown's  life,  it  is  easy  to  realize 
that  one  of  his  ehief  charactoristies  was  the  unselfish 
earnestness  with  whichhedevoted  himself  to  every 
project  whieh  won  his  approval,  vvlien  it  in  no  way 
contributed  to  his  profit  or  aggrandizement.  He 
always  felt  great  sympathy  for  young  men  of 
energy,  and  was  ever  ready  to  extend  to  them  a 
helping  hand.  His  health,  whieh  had  been  failing 
for  several  years,  finally  gave  way  early  in  1877, 
and  after  the  4th  of  March  he  did  not  leave  the 
house.  His  death  took  place  on  the  Gth  of  July. 
On  the  7th  a  special  meeting  of  the  Gloucester 
City  Councils  was  held,  and  the  following  resolu- 
tions were  passed  : 

*'  Wherean,  Alriiighty  Oorl  Ijjih  rcrnovftd  to  a  hftttor  world  our  frlorul 
and  IjcriefHctor,  tlio  liito  l>iivid  S.  IJrowri,  tliorfifotf:  tio  If,  limjlufid, 
tli.'it  wo,  in  belwiifof  tho  oitizoiiH  of  OloiiooHtor  City,  i;3ii>r(:m  our 
BoriHibility  of  tlio  loHH  wo  lidvo  Hnntfiificd  ;  iiiid  Uemlved,  llmt.  Mr. 
Brown  wfm  tlio  lesidin^f  Bjiirft  In  OHtaldiHliitif^  all  tho  InduHtrial  InMtl- 
tutioHH,  and  that  ho  waa  tho  foroirjOHt  man  In  fuithorlnj;  niany 
intoroslH  in  our  town,  the  honofit  of  which  will  long  ho  foit  hy  our 
poople," 

MANQFACTL'ttEH. 

The  establishment  of  large  manufactories  in 
Gloucester  gave  the  town  a  new  impetus,  and 
caused  it  to  grow  and  prosper.  To  the  manufactur- 
ing interests  are  due  tho  present  prosperity  of  the 
city.  A  connected  history  of  each  of  these  estab- 
lishments is  here  given  : 

Washington  Milm.— The  first  of  the  large 
manufacturing  establishments  in  Gloucester  were 
the  Washington  Mills,  owned  by  the  Washington 
Manufacturing  Company,  incorporated  by  the 
Legislature  .January  Hi,  1844,  and  on  February 
2Ist  of  that  year  the  commission  named  in  the 
act  rnet  at  Cake's  Hotel,  Camden,  and  ojiened 
subscriptions  to  stock,  two  hundred  and  sixty 
thousand  dollars  of  which  was  taken.  The  stock- 
holders met  March  l.^th,  and  elected  as  direct/jrs 
David  S.  Brown,  .John  Siter,  .John  E.  Worrell, 
William  Woodnutt,  Gideon  Scu  I,  Thomas  Sparks, 
Lewis  R.  Ashurst,  Mordecai  D.  J^^ewis,  Charles  W. 
Churchman,  Samuel  K.  Simmons  and  J>.  H. 
Flickwir.  David  S.  Brown  was  elected  president, 
and  .John  Siter  treasuer. 

A  committee  was  appointed  to  select  a  site  on 
which  Uj  erect  suitable  buildings.  Kaighns 
Point,  Camden,  was  first  thought  to  be  the  dr-sired 
location,  but  difficulties  intervening,  Gloucester 
Point  was  decided  u[jon.  Here,  also,  obsiaclcs 
interposed,    in    the    way    of   purchasing    ground 


limited  in  extent,  as  desired,  and  the  GIoijcch-' 
ter  Land  Company  was  organized,  from  whieh  tlie 
manufacturing  com|)any  [lurchascd  ten  acres, 
bounded  by  Mercer,  King  and  Monmouth  Streets, 
and  the  lJ<daware  liiver.  Flans  were  prepared 
which,  being  approved,  ground  was  broken  July  1, 
1844,  and  the  first  bricks  of  Mill  No.  1  were  laid  on 
the  Ifith  of  August  following.  This  mill,  fonrstories 
high  and  three  hundred  feet  long  by  fifty  feet  wide, 
with  boiler-house  and  other  essential  out-buildings, 
was  pushed  to  completion  ;  necessary  machinery  for 
the  manufacturing  of  white  cotton  goods  put  in, 
and  .July  '■',],  1845,  the  first  cops  of  yarn  were  spun, 
and  August7th  the  first  loom  was  running.  ThemiJI 
contained  three  hundred  and  twenty-four  narrow 
and  seventy-four  wide  looms,  fourteen  thousand 
five  hundred  and  ninety-two  spindles  and  em- 
ployed three  hundred  and  sixty-three  persons. 

Melcher's  plans  contemplated  expansion,  not  in 
size,  but  in  the  number  of  buildings,  and  since 
No.  1,  six  other  similar  mills  have  been  built,  with 
necessary  adjuncts  in  the  form  of  engine  and  other 
houses.  Tho  mills  occupy  the  space  between 
I<;ilis  Street  and  tho  river.  On  the  northern  half 
of  the  remainder  of  the  tract  the  company 
erected  a  number  of  commodious  brick  buililings 
for  boarding-houses  to  accommodate  single  per- 
sons employed  in  the  factory,  while  the  southern 
half,  planted  with  shade-trees,  was  opened  to 
the  public. 

The  first  manager  of  the  business  of  tho  company 
operating  tho  mills  was  Samuel  Jtaby,  who, 
although  an  excellent  man  and  capable  superin- 
toTjdent,  became  obnoxious  to  the  mill-hands  dur- 
ing the  strike  of  1848,  and  was  compelled  to  leave. 
Stephen  Crocker  wa«  the  next  superintendent,  and 
remained  in  charge  until  March,  1857,  when  ho 
was  succeeded  by  Henry  F.  West,  who  for  twenty- 
nine  years  has  maintained  the  regard  of  the  work- 
ing people  and  the  confidence  of  the  owners.  In 
187!i  the  machinery  was  altered  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  colored  drass  goods.  The  mills  now  run 
1030  looms,  4f;,000  spindles,  employ  800  persons, 
with  a  yearly  pay-roll  of  8200,000  and  an  annual 
production  of  2,000,000  pounds  of  eloth. 

The,  present  officers  and  directors  are  Samuel 
Welsh,  president;  Henry  N.  Paul,  treasurer  and 
agent;  Samuel  it.  Shipley,  George  H.  Jioker, 
Samuel  Chew,  Charles  S.  Wurts,  H.  P.  Sloan, 
iiichard  Ashhur.tt,  Charl(»j.J.  Churchman  and  Sam- 
uel  H.  Grey. 

G/.o(;cK.STEit  La.vij  CoMi'AiVy.— The  Land  Com- 
pany was  not  a  voluntary,  but  a  compulsory  feature 
of  the  enterprises  contemplated  by  Havid  8. 
Brown   and    his  oadjuUirs.     When  ihe  Washing- 


^A^C^ ^  P"  ^rz.a^ 


GLOUCESTER  CITY. 


693 


ton  Manufacturing  Company  wanted  but  ten  acres 
of  land,  owners  insisted  upon  selling  not  less  than 
ten  times  that  amount  or  none  at  all,  and  so  the 
manufacturing  company  resolved  itself  into  a  land 
company  and  selected  John  8iter  and  Samuel  E. 
Simmons  as  trustees.  They  purchased  sixty-two 
acres  of  Frederick  Plummer  and  one  hundred  and 
one  and  a  half  acres  of  Kobert  W.  Sykes  and  paid 
thirteen  thousand  dollars  for  the  Champion  fish- 
ing right.  These  purchases  embraced  the  north- 
ern section  of  the  city,  and  upon  it  have  been 
built  nearly  all  the  industrial  works,— Washington 
Mills,  Ancona  Print  Works,  Gloucester  Print 
Works  and  the  Iron  Works.  Churches  and  city 
have  been  liberally  treated  with,  when  requiring 
land,  and  the  accommodating  terms  offered  private 
parties  have  encouraged  improvements,  and  en- 
abled many  with  limited  income  to  own  their 
houses,  Gloucester  showing  out  of  about  nineteen 
hundred  ratables,  six  hundred  and  seventy-five 
who  are  owners.  In  1846  the  company  was  incor- 
porated, and  in  the  charter  is  a  section,  making 
valid  provisions  in  the  deeds  conveying  the  land, 
forbidding  the  sale  of  malt  or  spirituous  liquor 
upon  the  premises.  Under  this  charter  the  com- 
pany still  operates,  having  much  land  still  in 
possepsi'iu,  exceeding  in  value  the  cost  of  the 
original  purchase.  The  officers  of  the  Land  Com- 
pany and  the  Washington  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany are  the  same — President,  George  H.  Boker  ; 
Treasurer,  Henry  N.  Paul. 

Gingham  Mills. — In  1860  Samuel  Raby,  the 
first  superintendent  of  the  Washington  Mills,  built 
a  factory  south  of  Jersey  Avenue,  and  manufac- 
tured eottonades  and  coarse  ginghams.  In  1870  the 
Gloucester  Gingham  Mills  Company  was  incor- 
porated, those  named  in  the  act  being  Samuel 
Kaby,  Edward  Bettle,  William  C.  Shinn,  Samuel 
Chew,  David  S.  Brown  and  George  Janvier.  The 
directors  were  David  S.  Brown,  president;  Sam- 
uel Chew,  secretary  and  treasurer  ;  and  Henry  F. 
West.  The  factory  of  Mr.  Raby  was  purchased, 
Philip  H.  Fowler  appointed  superintendent,  and 
the  factory,  after  being  enlarged,  was  supplied 
with  improved  machinery  for  the  manufacture  of 
ginghams  of  a  finer  grade.  Mr.  Fowler  assumed 
the  management  in  1871,  and  since  that  time  the 
works  have  been  running  almost  uninterruptedly, 
and  with  a  success  evincing  enlightened  tact  in 
the  control.  The  necessity  for  expansion  has  been 
frequent,  and  met  as  required,  until  the  establish- 
ment covers  seven  acres  of  ground,  comprising 
seven  principal  buildings,  with  nineteen  annexes, 
wings  and  out-buildings.  The  main  factory  is  of 
brick,  two  stories  high,  fifty-nine  by  two  hundred 


and  eighty  feet  in  dimensions,  and,  with  the  six 
principal  buildings,  contain  over  36,000  yards  of 
flooring.  The  mills  contain  502  looms,  12,372 
spindles,  and  employ  500  persons— one-fourth  men, 
the  remainder  women  and  minors.  The  output  is 
6,000,000  yards  annually,  and  the  pay-roll  foots  up 
$150,000  yearly. 

The  officers  are  Samuel  Shipley,  president; 
Samuel  Chew,  secretary  and  treasurer ;  John  H. 
Carr,  Harry  B.  Chew  and  David  Chew ;  superinten- 
dent, Philip  H.  Fowler;  assistant,  Charles  H. 
Fowler. 

Philip  H.  Fowlee,  one  of  the  leading  manu- 
facturers of  Camden  County,  is  the  great-grandson 
of  George  Fowler,  born  in  Salem,  Mass.,  where  he 
resided  and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  shoes. 
Among  his  sons  was  George,  also  a  resident  of 
Salem,  who  followed  a  sea-faring  life  and  was 
lost  while  pursuing  his  vocation.  His  only  son, 
George,  born  at  Salem  in  1803,  by  trade  a  mason 
and  builder,  married  Sarah  N.,  daughter  of  Daniel 
Moore,  of  Newburyport,  Mass.,  and  had  children, 
— Sarah  A.  (wife  of  L.  P.  S.  Corea,  resident  of 
Fayal,  Azore  Islands),  George  P.  (of  Salem),  Philip 
H.,  Frank  E.  (of  Galesburg,  111.),  Samuel  (who 
died  while  a  prisoner  at  Andersonville)  and  Helen 
M.  (wife  of  Henry  Chalk,  of  Salem). 

Philip  H.  Fowler  was  born  on  the  11th  of  May, 
1832,  in  Salem,  Mass.,  and  received  his  education 
at  the  grammar  schools  of  his  native  city.  Desir- 
ing to  become  master  of  a  trade  he  entered  a  cot- 
ton-mill as  an  apprentice,  meanwhile  continuing 
his  studies  at  a  night-school.  At  the  age  of  nine- 
teen he  applied  himself  to  the  work  in  the  machine- 
shops  of  the  mill,  and  at  the  expiration  of  the 
fourth  year  had  become  thoroughly  familiar  with 
the  mechanical  portion  of  the  business.  He  then  as- 
sumed charge  of  certain  departments  of  the  mill 
and  continued  thus  employed  until  1857.  Mr. 
Fowler  then  made  Gloucester  City,  N.  J.,  his  home, 
and  entering  the  employ  of  the  Washington  Cotton- 
Mills,  assumed  the  direction  of  one  or  more  de- 
partments of  the  mill.  For  sixteen  years  he  has 
filled  the  position  of  superintendent  of  the  ging- 
ham mills  at  Gloucester  City  and  still  acts  in  that 
capacity.  Here  his  thorough  practical  knowledge 
and  financial  ability  have  left  their  impress  on  the 
business  and  established  it  on  a  permanent  and 
successful  basis.  Many  improvements  have  been 
added,  the  capacity  of  the  mills  increased  and 
its  products,  by  their  superior  excellence,  made 
readily  marketable.  Mr.  Fowler  is  in  his  political 
affiliations  a  Republican  and  a  strong  advocate  of 
the  doctrine  of  protection.  He  has  served  for 
three    terms  as  member  of  the    Gloucester  City 


594 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


Council  and  for  three  years  been  actively  asso- 
ciated with  the  School  Board.  Mr.  Fowler  was,  on 
the  24th  of  November,  1852,  married  to  Phebe  A., 
daughter  of  James  S.  Young,  of  the  British  Prov- 
inces. Their  children  are  Frank  A.,  Charles  H. 
and  Hattie  E.,  wife  of  Milton  T.  Shafto,  of  Glou- 
cester City.  Mr.  Fowler  is  identified  with  the 
Camden  National  Bank  as  director.  An  active 
Mason,  he  was  the  first  Master  of  Cloud  Lodge, 
No.  101,  of  the  order  in  Gloucester  City,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Ancient  Order  of  United  Work- 
men, of  Camden. 

The  Gloucesteb,  Print  Woeks,  the  second  in 
chronological  order  of  the  industrial  establish- 
ments originated  by  David  S.  Brown  and  his  as- 
sociates in  the  limits  of  Gloucester,  are  situated 
near  the  banks  of  the  Delaware  Biver.  The 
Gloucester  Manufacturing  Company,  which  operates 
them,  was  chartered  in  1845,  the  following-named 
persons  being  the  incorporators:  William  Fol- 
well,  Philip  J.  Grey,  Gideon  Scull,  William 
Baugh,  David  S.  Brown,  Eobert  F.  Walsh, 
Charles  W.  Churchman,  who  proposed  to  erect 
works  "for  the  manufacturing,  bleaching,  dyeing 
and  printing  and  finishing  of  all  goods  of  which 
cotton  or  other  fibrous  material  forms  a  part."  The 
management  was  substantially  the  same  as  that  of 
the  Washington  Manufacturing  Company,  and  the 
object  was  to  dye,  bleach  and  print  the  product  of 
the  parent  company.  The  works  were  built  in 
1850,  and  enlarged  in  1855,  for  the  introduction  of 
printing  machinery.  September  14,  1868,  the 
works  were  burned  to  the  ground,  even  the  walls 
being  leveled ;  but  by  the  1st  of  April  following  the 
works  were  rebuilt  as  they  now  are,  through  the 
energy  of  Daniel  Schofield,  the  superintendent. 
Besides  the  dyeing  and  bleaching  departments, 
there  are  twelve  printing-machines.  The  capacity 
of  the  works  is  eight  hundred  and  thirty-six 
thousand  pieces  of  calico  annually,  giving  em- 
ployment to  three  hundred  persons.  The  superin- 
tendents have  been  D.  Schofield,  Archibald  M. 
Graham  and  Mr.  Bowker. 

The  Ancona  Printing  Company  was  incor- 
porated in  1871,  the  incorporators  being  David  S. 
Brown,  George  A.  Heyl,  James  S.  Moore,  Samuel 
Chew  and  Harry  C.  Heyl,  who  erected  works  in 
Gloucester  for  the  introduction  of  the  new  discov- 
eries in  the  application  of  colors,  then  successful 
in  Europe,  but  untried  in  this  country.  The  ex- 
periment was  successful,  and  the  production  of 
"  Dolly  Vardens  "  and  other  unique  designs  kept 
the  works  running  to  their  full  capacity.  When 
in  full  operation  the  works  give  employment  to 
three  hundred  persons  and  turn  out  six  hundred 


thousand  pieces  of  printed  muslin  annually.  They 
are  located  on  the  river-shore,  between  the  Wash- 
ington Mills  and  Gloucester  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany's Works.  Archibald  M.  Graham  was  the 
manager  until  his  death,  in  1884. 

Gloucester  Iron- Works  are  situated  on  the 
river,  near  Newton  Creek,  and  are  the  farthest  to 
the  north  of  the  long  line  of  industrial  establish- 
ments fostered  by  the  enterprise  of  David  S. 
Brown.  In  1864  William  Sexton  and  James  P. 
Michellon,  who  had  long  been  connected  with  the 
Star  Iron- Works  in  Camden,  built  an  iron  foundry 
on  the  above-mentioned  site.  They  cast  shells  for 
the  United  States  government,  and  with  other 
work  did  a  prosperous  business  until  1871,  when 
it  was  transferred  to  the  Gloucester  Iron-Works 
Company,  incorpora*'ed  that  year.  The  directors 
were  David  S.  Brown,  president;  James  P.  Mi- 
chellon, secretary ;  Benjamin  Chew,  treasurer  ; 
William  Sexton,  superintendent ;  and  Samuel 
Chew. 

The  works  were  enlarged,  covering,  with  wharf- 
ing  and  storage  ground,  nearly  a  million  square 
feet  of  surface.  The  casting  of  water-pipe,  and 
the  manufacture  of  material  for  water  and  gas- 
works, comprise  the  principal  product  of  the 
works,  and  these  are  being  constructed  by  the 
company  at  many  distant  points,  and  the  output  is 
disposed  of  from  Maine  to  Texas.  The  full  capacity 
of  the  works  is  a  consumption  of  twenty-one 
thousand  tons  of  iron  per  year,  the  actual  present 
output  being  fifteen  thousand  tons.  Three  hun- 
dred men  are  employed  in  Gloucester  City,  with 
many  others  in  the  various  places  where  the  com- 
pany is  constructing  gas  or  water-works.  The 
pay-roll  exceeds  two  hundred  thousand  dollars  per 
year.  The  directors  are  Samuel  Shipley,  presi- 
dent; James  P.  Michellon,  secretary  ;  Harry  B. 
Chew,  treasurer ;  William  Sexton,  superintendent ; 
Samuel  Chew  and  John  H.  Carr. 

William  Sexton,  the  intelligent  and  able  su- 
perintendent of  the  above-named  works,  was  born 
in  the  city  of  Camden  on  the  7th  day  of  October, 
1828,  and  is  the  son  of  William  Sexton  and  Sarah 
Lawrence  Sexton.  His  mother  was  the  daughter 
of  Thomas  Eodgers,  who  fled  from  Flanders  to 
America  to  escape  religious  persecution. 

Mr.  Sexton  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  Camden,  which  he  left  at  the  age  of  fifteen  to  en- 
ter the  patent-leather  manufactory  of  Charles  Free- 
man, where  he  remained  two  years,  when  he  was 
employed  by  John  _F.  Starr,  whose  iron  works  were 
then  situated  at  the  foot  of  Bridge  Avenue.  At 
the  age  of  nineteen  he  became  foreman  of  the 
machine-shop,  which  position  he  filled  until  he 


GLOUCESTER  CITY. 


595 


associated  himself  with  Samuel  Elfreth,  in  the  ma- 
chine business,  in  Camden.  At  Mr.  Starr's  solici- 
tation, Mr.  Sexton  returned  to  the  machine-shop, 
and  held  the  position  of  foreman  for  nineteen 
years. 

In  the  year  1864,  desiring  to  embark  in  an  enter- 
prise of  his  own,  Mr.  Sexton  came  to  Gloucester 
and  established  a  foundry  in  connection  with  James 
P.  Michellon,  under  the  name  of  Sexton  &  Co. 
Finding  it  difficult  to  compete  with  the  larger 
concerns,  in  company  with  others,  he  formed  the 
Gloucester  Iron  Works,  a  description  of  which 
will  be  found  above  in  this  sketch.  On  February  4, 
1849,  Mr.  Sexton  married  Mary  j\l.  Andrews, 
daughter  of  Chester  and  Sarah  Andrews,  of  Tren- 
ton, X.  J.,  by  whom  he  had  the  following  children  : 
William  and  Sarah,  twins,  who  died  young,  and  a 
daughter,  Mary  Emma,  who  is  married  to  Robert 
Marshall,  Esq.,  of  Philadelphia. 

Mr.  Sexton  is  in  the  prime  of  a  vigorous  man- 
hood, and  is  strictly  a  "  Camden  County  man," 
never  having  lived  out  of  it,  and  by  all  considered 
one  of  its  best  and  most  respected  citizens.  By 
his  industry  and  perseverance  he  has  contributed 
largely  to  the  success  of  the  large  and  important 
manufacturing  industry  of  Gloucester  City,  with 
which  he  has  so  long  been  identified. 

Tekka-Cotta  Works. — On  the  river-shore, 
south  of  Jersey  Avenue,  are  located  the  Glouces- 
ter Terra-Cotta  Works,  of  Kehrer  &  Sons.  These 
were  operated  many  years  ago  by  David  S.  Brown 
&  Co.,  and  afterwards  by  George  H.  Hammond, 
and  by  other  parties  without  much  success.  About 
1883  the  present  firm  assumed  possession  and 
made  a  success  of  the  enterprise.  The  product  is 
terra-cotta  pipe,  of  which  eight  thousand  feet  is 
made  weekly,  giving  employment  to  twenty  men. 
On  the  river-shore,  below  high  water,  is  a  valuable 
bed  of  clay,  suited  to  the  company's  wants,  but 
when  they  attempted  to  dig  for  it,  an  injunction, 
issued  at  the  instance  of  the  owners  of  the  fishery 
right,  restrained  them,  and  the  material  now  used 
in  manufacturing  is  brought  from  a  distance  of 
nearly  two  hundred  miles. 

The  Gloucester  Steam  Machine- Wokks  are 
situated  on  Market  Street,  below  King.  In  1853 
Hugh  W.  and  Robert  Lafferty  erected  a  sugar 
refinery  "at  Broadway  and  Mercer  Streets,  and 
for  sixteen  years  carried  on  a  flourishing  busi- 
ness, producing  five  hundred  barrels  of  refined 
sugar  per  week  and  giving  employment  to  sixty 
men.  They  imported  their  raw  material  direct, 
and  for  a  time  Gloucester  was  a  shipping  port, 
several  vessels  at  one  time  lying  at  the  Mercer 
Street  wharf  unloading  cargoes  from  the  West  In- 


dies and  other  foreign  parts.  In  1879  this  business 
was  discontinued  and  Hugh  W.  Lafferty  started 
the  steam-engine  and  machine-works,  his  specialty 
being  sugar  machines  for  plantations  and  sugar- 
works.  They  are  of  his  own  designing,  his  inven- 
tions being  many  and  various,  and  the  demand  for 
them  from  all  parts  of  the  world  is  increasing  so 
that  an  enlargement  of  the  works  will  be  a  neces- 
sity of  the  near  future. 

One  Lumber- Yard  at  a  time  has  sufficed  the 
little  city,  and  there  has  never  been  competition 
in  the  trade.  For  several  years  Frank  Mulford 
sold  lumber,  his  place  being  on  the  north  side  of 
Market  Street,  east  of  King,  when,  in  1849,  Henry 
B.  AVilson  and  \Villiam  C.  Doughten  opened  a 
yard  on  the  northwest  corner  of  King  and  Market 
Streets,  and  Mulford  abandoned  the  business. 
They  built  the  frame  store  for  the  sale  of  hard- 
ware. In  1854  William  S.  McCallister  became  as- 
sociated with  them,  and,  in  1858,  sole  i>roprietor, 
Wilson  &  Doughten  removing  to  Kaighns  Point 
and  .there  engaged  in  the  same  business.  In  1866 
John  C.  Stinson  became  McCallister's  partner,  and 
on  the  death  of  the  latter,  in  1868,  George  W. 
Dickensheets  succeeded  him  and  the  firm  has  since 
been  Stinson  &  Dickensheets. 

From  the  first  the  men  engaged  in  the  trade 
have  been  useful  in  public  as  well  as  private  life. 
Frank  Mulford  was  a  leader  in  municipal  and  so- 
ciety affairs.  Henry  B.  Wilson  has  been  a  leader 
in  Camden,  member  and  president  of  the  City 
Council,  postmaster  and  memberof  the  Legislature. 
William  S.  McCallister  was  one  of  the  most  useful 
and  trusted  men  in  Gloucester,  while  John  C.  Stin- 
son and  George  W.  Dickensheets  have  been  pillars 
of  the  religious  bodies  to  which  they  belong,  and 
for  many  years  in  various  municipal  bodies  sought 
the  good  of  others  rather  than  their  own  profit. 

Thixgs  That  Were. — Jacob  Sheetz,  Abel  Lu- 
kens,  John  H.  Shultz,  Peleg  B.  Savery  and  Abra- 
ham Browning,  in  1858,  procured  a  charter  for  the 
Gloucester  China  Company,  to  manufacture  and 
sell  porcelain,  china,  chemicals,  drugs  and  other 
articles  of  which  clay,  sand  and  other  earthy  sub- 
stances form  the  bases  or  principal  ingredients. 
The  company  built  a  factory  on  part  of  the  ground 
now  covered  by  the  Ancona  Print  Works.  Peleg 
B.  Savery  was  the  well-known  Southwark  hollow- 
ware  foundryman  and  the  product  of  the  Glouces- 
ter works  was  largely  used  in  lining  his  iron 
castings.  John  Siter  &  Brother  carried  on  a  factory 
for  the  making  of  woollen  and  cotton  machinery, 
and  the  same  site  was  occupied  by  Richard  F.  Lo- 
per,  of  propeller  fame,  as  an  iron  ship  yard. 

In  1864  Joseph  Harrison,  of  Philadelphia,  had 


5'Jti 


1IISH)KY  OV  rAMDKN  COUNTY,  NKW  JEHSKY. 


works  buill  on  tlio  siiouiul  luiw  occ.-ui>iod  by  tho 
Gloiioostor  Iron -Works.  Tlioy  wore  in  I'liiusro  ol' 
John  H.  Mystroni,  iiu  iniionions  inventor,  wlio 
tnrni'd  out  somo  i,"\i'olloiil  stool  by  n  niolhod  of  liis 
owii.siinihir  to  tlio  In'ssonu-r  proooss.  For  sonio 
renson  tlio  oiilorjiriso  I'nilcd. 

In  1872  DiividS.  lirown,  (ioorivo  .laniison,  Uonry 
N.  rmil,  .liunos  V.  Mioliollon,  HoMJiunin  (.'liow, 
Uonry  F.  West,  William  Soxton,  Daiiiol  Soholiold 
and  t^anmol  Olu'w  prooiirod  a  ohartor  I'or  tho 
(Uouooslor  City  t-'aving-s  Institution,  whioh  jiros- 
porod  tor  a  nunibor  of  yoars,  bui.  in  ISS-i,  whon 
most  of  tho  orijiinal  promoters  had  ooasod  oonnoo- 
tion  with  it,  it  susiiondod,  ami  its  oll'ools  woro 
plaood  in  tho  hands  of  a.  roooivor. 

TiiiNds  That  Mkhit  Havk  1?ukn. — Maroh  8, 
1841".,  Jliohard  W.  llowoU,  CiharUvs  liobb,  .losoph 
Portor,  Thomas  ti.  lvidj;\vay  ami  Uonjamin  W . 
Coopor  obtaiuod  a  ohartor  for  a  projootod  ontor- 
priso  under  tho  name  of  the  New  ,lei-sey  IManufao- 
turini;- Oompany  of  thoOonnty  of  Oaindon,  for  tho 
maiinfaeturing,  dyeini;;,  bleaohini;'  aiul  printiiii;'  of 
wool  ami  eotton  and  all  goods  of  wool  and  eotton 
and  other  librous  material.  Tho  (iroposod  eapital 
to  be  invested  was  six  huiulred  tlumsand  dollars. 
There  was  a  jiroviso  in  tho  ehart.er  that  all  eliildren 
to  be  em[doyed  in  tho  establishnu'iit  under  sixteen 
years  of  ago  must  have  at  least  throe  nninths 
"sehooling"  each  year.  Tho  phie.o  »eleeled  was 
Clloiu'oster,  but  the  enterprise  failed  to  nniture. 

In  IS.V)  the  Union  Manufaoturing  (.'mnpariy  of 
Gloucester  was  chartered  to  nuinnfacture  Hour, 
meal,  bai-rcls  and  kegs.  'I'he  iueorporiitors  were 
William  J!.  Thonuis,  Tlunmis  A.  (!.  Stein,  Samuel 
'A.  lirook,  Wm.  S.  Doughten,  .lames  L.  llinos  and 
.leromiah  11.  lianks,  but  trhe  company  was  never 
organi/.od  ami  nothing  came  of  the  undortakiug. 

In  KStir)  a  charter  was  granted  to  .hunos  Jl. 
Stevens,  Jiuncs  P.  Michellon,  Toter  L.  Voorheos, 
William  Sexton  and  Ijowis'll.  liuiidick,  to  form  tho 
Gh)UCOster  Iron  Foundry  and  Mueliino  Company, 
with  a  capital  of  one  humlrod  thousand  dollars, 
but  tho  project  ended  with  tho  gnint. 

In  1871  the  Gloucester  (^lo-oiierative  lieru'llt  So- 
ciety, capital  ten  thousand  dollars,  was  incorpo- 
rated, with  Wm.  Mclllienny,  Wm.  Wholstenholm, 
John  Schules,  Uobert  liooth,  .lames  Jiartidle,  Wm. 
Lee  and  Jainus  White  iis  incorporators.  The  ob- 
ject was  to  [lurchase  direct  from  first  hands  and 
avoid  the  profits  of  middle  men,  but  tho  project 
went  no  farlhcr  than  the  granting  of  tho  chiirtor 
by  the  General  Assembly. 

TllHtiAS  lylCMTINO  (loMl'ANV  Ol''  (1  I.OUI 'lOSTHIt 
was  incorporated  in  187.'!,  the  naines  of  David 
S.  IJrovvn,  .lames    1'.    Michellon,    Henry    N.    I'anI, 


lienj.  Chew  and  Wm.  Sexlon  being  moiitioiied  in 
the  act,  and  they  comprised  the  company.  Tho 
works  were  built  by  the  (ilouoestor  Iron  Company 
and  were  located  on  Jersey  Avenue,  above  Fifth 
Street.  They  wi'ro  eompleted  iiiid  began  opera- 
tions .l:mnary  1.  187.").  Tho  holder  has  a  capacity 
of  sixty  thousand  eiibie  feet  of  gas,  and  the  an- 
nual production  is  sixty-seven  million  euhie  feet, 
with  three  and  a  half  miles  of  pipe,  supplying  sev- 
enty-six street  lamps  belonging  to  the  city,  bo- 
sides  inivalo  p:ntios.  Tho  ollicersof  the  eompiiiiy 
lor  I88l!are:  President,  t^om-ge  A.  lleyl;  Secre- 
tary, .lames  P.  Michellon  ;  Treasurer  and  Superin- 
tendent, Harry  1!.  (.Miow. 

Tun  Pos'i'-t)i''i''ii'i''.. — The  following  is  a  list  of 
the  postnuistors  of  (iloueosttr,  together  with  tho 
dates  of  their  appointinout,  as  furnished  by  tho 
Post-Ollioo  Department  at  Washington: 


I'llSlll 


;l.>'li'r. 


wiiiiiiiii(\MuiriMii- 

Wllllnm  11.  ICiiM'l'.v. 
WIIII.uul1.Mlill.MiL 
Williniil  II.  Hluoi'.v. 


nmo  111  Appt 

.hilyill,  ISl,',.' 
I''i.li,  '.ill,  l.slll, 
•iuim  ,'.,   lSi;i. 

Miij  'jr.,  is(ii. 


r,i»liii!iNlor. 

.\n>iMl  .1.  Urooiio. 
lOilwiii'roinllilriOll. 
Chu8.  It.  niiniuiil. 
.ItiH.  nirliiUlgliliii. 


Iluli-ol'  Ap|il. 


Si'pl.  7,  Lsiiil, 
Jliir.  Ill,  l.Slill^ 
Nov.  IT,  ISSt! 
.lul.VJS,  1S,SI1. 


1  lliilo  u!  i.BliiMi»linu'iil.. 

lini.UilOllS    111,'^TOllY. 

It  is  notgenerally  known  to  the  mcmberaof  tho 
present  eburch  at  Gloueoster  that  over  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty-four  years  ago  a.  congregation  of 
tho  t'biiicb  (d'lOngland  worshipped  in  that  town, 
but  such  is  tho  fact,  in  1722  Thoimus  Hull,  ono  of 
tho  proprietors  of  the  town,  ill  his  will,  makes  tho 
following  beiiuest:  "I  give  my  lilo  or  tier  of  lots 
at  Gloucester,  including  the  burial-ground  near 
my  house,  to  beset  apart  for  a,  Clhnrch  of  lOnglaml 
when  tho  eongregatimi  see  lit  to  build."  There  is 
no  evidence  that  a  church  was  ever  built,  and  tlio 
site  of  the  burial-ground  mentioiiod  is  unknown. 
A  congregation  was  maintainod,  hov^ever,  Ibrmiiny 
yoars,  and  up  to  the  time  of  the  Revolution,  if  uot 
later.  The  liov.  Nathaniel  lOvans,  who  was  ap- 
|iointed  as  missionary  by  the  Society  for  the  Prop- 
agation of  the  Gos|)el  in  Foreign  Parts,  in  17li5 
was  placed  in  charge  of  tho  parish  at  Gloucester, 
Colestown  and  lierkloy.  JIo  preached  at  tlioso 
phiees  until  his  death,  October  21),  17li7.  Five 
years  later,  November  P),  1772,  ho  was  succoodod 
by  the  llev.  Uobert  lilackwoll,  who  married  He- 
bocca,  a  daughter  td'  , I oseph  Harrison,  a  member 
of  the  eongrogalion.  Ho  continnod  in  the  service 
until  tho  llovidul-ionary  War  broke  out,  when  ho 
joined  the  army  as  chaplain  and  surgeon.  Tho 
chnrohos  for  a  time  were  without  regular  services, 
and  it.  is  not  certain  that  tho  church  at  (Jloucester 


GLOUCESTER  CITY. 


597 


was  again  revived.  No  further  effort  is  known 
tending  to  re-establisliing  Episcopal  services  in  it. 
Tiie  present  cliurch  of  tliiit  denomination  was  or- 
ganized in  1847.  Some  of  the  early  emigrants 
who  settled  at  Gloucester  in  1689  were  members  of 
the  Society  of  Friends,  and  they  doubtless  wor- 
shipped in  the  house  of  Mark  Newbie,  on  the 
White  Horse  road,  in  Newton  township,  where  an 
"  indulged  meeting"  was  held  under  the  authority 
of  the  Society  of  Burlington 

Dr.  Bangs,  a  Methodist  historian,  states  that 
"  Messrs.  Boardman  and  Pilmore  landed  at  Glou- 
cester Point  October  24,  1769,  and  immediately 
set  about  their  work  of  doing  good." 

They  were  English  missionaries  sent  out  by  John 
Wesley,  but  whether  they  set  about  their  work  at 
Gloucester  Point  is  not  stated.  There  is  no  evi- 
dence of  permanent  results.  Meetings  under  Meth- 
odist auspices  were  held  in  Gloucester  as  early  as 
1820,  in  the  "eight-square"  school-house,  on  the 
Woodbury  road,  north  of  Timber  Creek,  but  no  or- 
ganization was  formed.  About  the  same  time 
meetings  were  held  and  continued  for  years  in  the 
old  school-house  on  Market  Street,  east  of  the 
West  Jersey  Railroad.  They  were  conducted  by 
Frederick  Plummer,  of  Philadelphia,  a  man  of 
great  eloquence  and  power  in  the  pulpit,  who  drew 
large  audiences.  His  efforts  resulted  in  the  con- 
version of  hundreds  during  the  fifteen  or  twenty 
years  that  he  visited  Gloucester  Point.  Many 
were  baptized  iu  the  Delaware,  but  no  church  or- 
ganization was  effected,  and  the  converts,  gathered 
from  many  miles  of  surrounding  country,  were 
scattered  or  joined  other  churches,  when  Mr. 
Plummer  ceased  his  minisft-ations,  about  1840. 
Among  them  were  Arthur  Powell,  a  trustee  of  the 
Methodist  society  in  1839,  and  his  widow,  Mary 
Powell,  still  living  with  clear  mental  powers  and 
retentive  memory,  and  an  active  member  of  the 
Baptist  Church.  Another  of  Rev.  Plummer's  con- 
verts is  Alexander  A.  Powell,  son  of  Arthur,  now 
one  of  the  leading  members  of  the  Methodist 
Church  iu  Gloucester,  with  two  sons,  George  W. 
and  A.  Aden  Powell,  local  preachers. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Chuech  of  Glou- 
cester originated  in  1839.  as  the  following  minutes 
will  show :  "At  the  request  of  Robert  W.  Sykes,  Esq. 
of  Philadelphia,  a  meeting  was  called  at  the  Glou- 
cester Point  Hotel,  Gloucester  County,  N.  J.,  at 
three  o'clock  on  Wednesday,  June  5th,  1839,  of 
the  following  gentlemen,  viz.:  Joshua  P.  Browning, 
John  Whiteman,  Edmund  J.  Yard,  John  Jloore, 
Arthur  Powell,  Thomas  Githcus,  Edward  Daugh- 
erty,  Reilly  Barrett,  Richard  Benson,  James  Car- 
rigan  and  James  Harmstead." 


Of  the  above,  Powell  and  Browning  belonged  to 
Gloucester,  Githens,  Barrett  and  Dougherty  were 
from  Camden  and  the  others  were  Philadelphians. 
Browning  was  elected  chairman  and  Harmstead 
secretary.  Mr.  Sykes  then  proposed  to  convey  to 
the  above-named  gentlemen  the  house,  twenty-five 
by  fifty  feet,  erected  on  a  lot  of  ground  sixty-one 
by  two  hundred  and  sixty-six  feet,  on  Market 
Street,  above  Third,  for  a  place  of  religious  wor- 
ship "for  the  use  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church."  The  property  was  then  presented  to 
them  as  trustees.  About  three  hundred  dollars 
was  raised  and  expended  in  furnishing  the  house. 
Robert  W.  Sykes,  a  generous  donor,  was  a  lawyer, 
and  besides  owning  the  ferry  across  the  Delaware 
between  Gloucester  Point  and  Greenwich  Point, 
possessed  considerable  land  in  Gloucester.  He 
was  not  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Church,  but 
gave  the  new  congregation  encouraging  support. 
The  trustees  gave  the  building  the  name  of 
"  Sykes'  Chapel,"  but  subsequently,  at  his  request, 
it  was  changed  to  "  Gloucester  Point  Chapel." 

Rev.  Levi  Scott,  who  afterwards  became  a  prom- 
inent bishop  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
and  Rev.  Joseph  Ashbrook,  of  Camden,  were  as- 
signed by  Conference  to  conduct  the  religious  ser- 
vices in  this  building.  On  October  20,  1839,  an 
incendiary  fire  destroyed  the  chapel  and  all  it  con- 
tained except  the  Bible.  This  seemed  to  be  a  sad 
misfortune  to  the  community  and  the  young  con- 
gregation, but  their  good  friend  R.  W.  Sykes,  second- 
ed by  his  wife,  came  promptly  to  their  aid.  Call- 
ing the  trustees  together  the  next  day,  October 
21st,  he  informed  them  that  he  had  insured  the 
building  for  twelve  hundred  dollars,  and  that  the 
money  was  at  their  disposal  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
building. He  also  offered  to  exchange  a  lot  one 
hundred  by  two  hundred  and  eighty  feet,  on  King 
Street,  more  centrally  located,  for  the  one  on  which 
the  original  building  stood.  These  generous  offers 
were  accepted  and  a  brick  building,  thirty  by  fifty 
feet,  was  constructed  at  a  cost  of  eighteen  hundred 
dollars. 

The  Gloucester  Church  was  part  of  a  circuit  un- 
til 1845,  when  the  membership  having  reached 
sixt^,  it  was  made  a  separate  station  under  the 
charge  of  the  Rev.  Elwood  H.  Stokes,  now  presi- 
dent of  the  Ocean  Grove  Association.  The  so- 
ciety worshipped  on  King  Street  until  1851,  when 
the  opening  ot  Somerset  Street  through  the  ground 
compelled  the  removal  of  the  building.  Land 
was  purchased  on  Monmouth  Street,  cn-ner  of 
Willow,  and  a  two-story  brick  church,  forty-five 
by  seventy  feet,  erected  thereon,  and  the  year  fol- 
lowing a  three-story  parsonage,  the  whole  costing 


598 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


about  eight  thousand  dollars.  Here  the  congrega- 
tion held  religious  services  until  the  night  of  De- 
cember, 1882,  when,  in  the  midst  of  one  of  the 
greatest  revivals  that  ever  visited  the  congregation, 
a  fire  destroyed  the  structure,  with  all  its  contents, 
leaving  nothing  but  blackened  walls.  The  parson- 
age was  damaged, but  the  insurancemade  good  the 
loss.  On  the  church  there  was  a  debt  of  twelve 
hundred  dollars  and  an  insurance  of  five  thou- 
sand dollars.  The  Presbyterian  and  Baptist  con- 
gregations of  the  town  kindly  offered  to  shelter 
the  homeless  society,  but  the  use  of  the  city  hall, 
proffered  by  the  City  Council,  was  accepted,  and 
there  they  met  until  the  pastor.  Rev,  H.  M.  Brown, 
aided  by  the  trustees,  James  L.  Hines,  president, 
in  a  few  months  placed  on  the  site  of  the  ruins 
a  large  and  beautiful  church  building,  fifty  by 
eighty  feet,  at  a  cost  of  fourteen  thousand  dollars. 

Like  other  churches  and  institutions  of  Glou- 
cester City  whose  population,  dependent  upon 
factory  employment,  comers  and  goers  as  trade 
ebbs  and  flows,  this  church  has  had  its  seasons 
of  lesser  and  greater  growth,  and  its  membership 
has  fluctuated.  In  1880  it  reached  three  hundred 
and  seventy ;  at  the  present  time,  six  years  later, 
it  is  two  hundred  and  forty-two.  The  Sunday- 
school,  with  forty-two  teachers  and  four  hundred 
and  ten  scholars,  is  under  the  charge  of  George 
W,  Powell  as  superintendent,  with  William  J. 
Turkiugton  as  assistant. 

The  following-named  ministers  have  served  the 
Gloucester  congregation  since  its  organization,  in 
1839.     Those  marked  with  a  *  are  dead. 


1839.— William  Brooks.* 
1841. — SocrateB  TownBfaend. 
IS'iS.— J.  W.  McDougal.* 
1845.— Elwood  II.  Stokes. 
1847.— John  B.  Dobbins. 
1848.— Robert  Givin. 
1851.— Joseph  Ashbrook.* 
1853. — Jefferson  Lewis. 
18,56.-John  Tort.* 
1857. — Joseph  Atwood. 
1850.— Kobert  S.  Harris. 


1801.— William  Walton. 
1863.— Thomas  C.  Carman. 
1865.— Milton  Relyea. 
1868.— Jesse  Stites. 
1871.— At)ram  K.  Street. 
1874.— Philip  Oline. 
1876.— Enoch  Green. 
1878.— George  H.  Neal. 
1881.— William  Walton. 
1882.— Henry  M.  Brown. 
1885.— Daniel  B.  Harris. 


In  1883,  November  14th,  the  corner-stone  of  a 
Mission  Chapel  was  laid  in  the  southeastern  sec- 
tion of  the  city.  The  burning  of  the  church  a  few 
days  after  retarded  work  upon  the  chapel,  but  it 
was  recently  finished  and  services  are  now  held  in 
it  regularly,  the  pulpit  being  supplied  by  local 
preachers  from  Camden. 

Church  of  the  Ascension.— The  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  of  the  Ascension,  of  Gloucester, 
was  organized  in  1847,  largely  through  the  efforts 
of  [Rev.  Isaac  P.  Labaugh,  assistant  rector  of  the 
Episcopal  Church  at  |Haddonfield,  assisted  by 
Thomas  S.   Ridgway  and   Mr.  and   Mrs.  Charles 


Eobb,  of  Philadelphia.     A  meeting  was  held  in 
the  district  school-house  November  29, 1847,  when 
the  congregation  was  organized  and  the  following 
ofiioers   elected :   Wardens,   Jefferson   Smith    and 
Alan    Sanford;   vestrymen,   Nathaniel   Demeritt, 
William  8.   McCallister,   Thomas   Higginbottom, 
George  Nichols,  Daniel  P.  Melcher,  Hiram  Brow- 
nell,  Benjamin   Browning,  Albanus    L.   Clemens, 
Luther  L.  Cheeney  and  Benjamin  Taylor.    Two 
days  later,  on  December  1st,  Charles  and  Rebecca 
Robb,  of  Philadelphia,  who  owned  large  tracts  of 
land  at  Gloucester,  conveyed  to  this  newly-formed 
parish  a  lot  of  ground  one  hundred  feet  square  on 
Sussex  Street,  near  Ridgway,  "  for  and  in  consid- 
eration of  the  love  and  veneration  for  the  Protes- 
tant Episcopal  Church,  and  for  the  establishment 
of  the  same  in  the  township  of  Union,  commonly 
called  the  City  of  Gloucester."    The  lot  was  virtu- 
ally presented  to  the  parish,  as  but  ten  dollars  was 
charged.     Another  lot  on  Sussex  Street,  forty  by 
one    hundred    and   twenty    feet,   was   afterwards 
bought  of  Daniel  Lacey  and  a  third  on  Ridgway 
Street,  twenty  by  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet, 
of  Isaac  P.   Labaugh,  upon  which  a  rectory  has 
since  been  built.     Thus  organized,  having  selected 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  of  the  Ascension 
as  the  name,  Isaac  P.  Labaugh  was  chosen  rector 
of  the  parish  and  continued  to  serve  as  assistant 
rector  of  the  church  in  Haddonfield.     A  substan- 
tial stone  building,  with  a  seating  capacity  of  three 
hundred  and  fifty,  was  erected,  at  a  cost  of  three 
thousand  dollars,  and  consecrated,  free  of  debt, 
early  in  1850,  by  Bishop  Doane,  of  the  diocese  of 
New  Jersey.     Besides  those  already  mentioned  as 
active  workers  in  the'parish  during  its  early  strug- 
gles were  Mrs.  William  S.  McCallister,  James  Wil- 
son, Samuel  Raby,  Stephen    Crocker,  Henry  B. 
Wilson  and  others. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  rectors  and  others 
in  charge  in  the  order  of  their  succession:  Isaac 
P.  Labaugh,  rector ;  Josiah  Bartlett,  rector  ;  Mac- 
Gregor  J.  Mitcherson,  missionary  in  charge  ;  The- 
ophilus  Reilly;  John  A.  Goodfellow,  lay  reader; 
James  A.  Lamb,  lay  rector  ;  John  A.  Fury,  priest 
in  charge  ;  Reese  C.  Evans,  priest ;  Richard  H.  de 
Gorma,  priest ;  Caleb  Pease,  deacon ;  Thomas  F. 
Milby,  deacon  ;  Thomas  Dickerson,  priest ;  Fran- 
cis D.  Canfield,  priest. 

The  parish  has  sixty  communicants.  The 
property  is  valued  at  ten  thousand  dollars. 

The  Presbyterian  Church. — In  1847,  Rev. 
John  M.  Rodgers,  a  Presbyterian  clergyman  of 
Woodbury,  visited  Gloucester  and  held  meetings 
at  Washington  Hall,  on  King  Street,  and  on  the 
26th  of  June  called  a  meeting  for  the  purpose  of 


GLOUCESTEK  CITY. 


599 


organizing.  Mr.  Rodgers  pre^ided  and  William 
C.  Mulford,  M.D.,  was  chosen  secretary.  The 
trustees  elected  were  William  Melcher,  William 
0.  Mulford,  Peter  Du  Bois  (an  elder),  Elvin  Jew- 
ell and  Henry  Van  Fossen.  Rev.  Mr.  Rodgers  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  become  pastor  of  the  young  con- 
gregation and  entered  upon  his  duties  on  the  1st 
of  October  with  about  twenty  members.  Their 
meetings  were  held  in  Washington  Hall  until 
1849.  In  the  mean  time  land  had  been  purchased 
on  Monmouth  Street,  at  the  corner  of  Burlington, 
the  Gloucester  Land  Company  donating  part  of 
the  purchase  money,  and  October  11,  1848,  the 
corner-stone  of  the  present  house  of  worship  was 
laid  with  appropriate  ceremonies.  Revs.  Theodore 
Cuyler,  D.D.,  and  George  W.  Janvier  delivering 
addresses  on  that  occasion.  The  building  is  of 
brick,  two  stories,  and  the  main  audience-room 
will  seat  four  hundred  persons.  The  cost  was 
eight  thousand  dollars.  Upon  it  was  a  spire, 
eighty-two  feet  high,  which  a  hurricane  blew  down 
three  years  after  its  erection  and  it  was  not  re- 
built. The  congregation  at  first  was  weak,  but  the 
Presbytery  of  Philadelphia  assisted  and  Rev.  Mr. 
Rodgers  himself  raised  fifteen  hundred  dollars 
for  the  building  fund.  Rev.  Dr.  M.  B.  Grier,  one 
of  the  editors  of  the  Presbyterian,  and  who  sup- 
plied the  pulpit  during  1867  and  1868,  did  much 
for  the  interests  of  the  congregation.  He  present- 
ed a  lot  of  ground  adjoining  the  church,  upon 
which  a  fine  parsonage  was  built  in  1870,  costing 
two  thousand  eight  hundred  dollars.  Fifteen  pas- 
tors have  served  the  congregation  since  the  organ- 
ization, in  1847.  Their  names  and  the  dates  that 
they  each  assumed  charge  are  as  follows : 

1847.  John  M.  Eodgers.  1868.  T.  F.  Richmoud. 

1849.  JameH  Kirk.  1859.    Joseph    McMufray. 

1860.  A.  Tudehope.  1866.  John  S.  Hanna. 

1851.  Edward  D.  Yeomana.  1867.  M.  B.  Grier,  D.D. 

1851.  r.  Knighton.  1869.  Henry  F.  Beeves. 

1853.  W.  E.  Jones.  1881.  John  B.  Mllligan. 

1854,  David  Longmore.  1886.  James    A.    McGowen. 
1866.  W.  E.  Boardman. 

The  pastorate  of  Joseph  McMurray  was  a  happy 
one,  and  under  his  ministrations  of  nearly  seven 
years  prosperity  attended,  until  his  failing  health 
compelled  his  resignation.  His  death  soon  there- 
after was  deeply  deplored.  To  rich  gifts  he  united 
rare  piety,  which  won  for  him  universal  love  and 
reverence.  The  long  pastorate  of  Henry  F. 
Reeves,  extending  over  twelve  years,  was  blessed 
spiritually  and  temporally.  Under  him  the  entire 
debt  of  the  church  was  liquidated  and  prosperity 
attended  his  efforts  until  the  time  of  his  resigna- 
tion to  become  principal  of  the  Ivy  Academy,  a 
Presbyterian  instutition  at  Bridgeton,  N.  J.     The 


church   membership   is   one    hundred   and    fifty- 
seven. 

The  Fiest  Baptist  Church  of  Gloucester  was 
constituted  April  4,  1867,  in  Washington  Hall,  on 
King  Street,  where  services  were  held  until  the 
frame  meeting-house  was  built,  with  a  seating 
capacity  of  three  hundred. 

The  pastors  have  been  C.  D.  Parker,  William 
P.  Maul,  Thomas  R.  Taylor,  E.  V.  Glover,  Peter 
McKenzie,  John  S.  Teasdale,  William  C.  Calder. 

The  officers  for  1886  were,— Pastor,  William  C. 
Calder ;  Deacons,  George  M.  Cheeseman,  John 
Budd;  Clerk,  Clayton  Sagers ;  Treasurer,  Anna 
Farrel ;  Trustees,  Clayton  Shuster,  W.  Budd,  Geo. 
M.  Cheeseman,  John  Budd,  Frank  Sagers,  Harry 
Carter.     The  members  number  ninety-five. 

The  Sunday-school  was  formed  June  18,  1867, 
and  has  one  hundred  and  ninety  officers,  teachers 
and  pupils,  with  a  library  of  three  hundred  vol- 
umes.    Superintendent,  George  M.  Cheeseman. 

St.  Maey's  Catholic  Church,  on  the  south- 
east corner  of  Sussex  and  Cumberland  Streets,  was 
built  in  1849  by  Rev.  Father  Waldron,  appointed 
parish  priest  by  Archbishop  Kendrick,  of  Phila- 
delphia. Mass  had  been  celebrated  for  some  time 
in  Washington  Hall,  on  King  Street,  and  in  the 
old  school-house  near  Broadway  and  Hudson. 
Rev.  Waldron  remained  but  a  short  time  after  build- 
ing the  church,  a  stone  structure,  and  was  succeeded 
by  Rev.  Finnegan,  who  at  the  end  of  a  year  was 
removed  and  Rev.  Harrigan  appointed  in  his  place. 
His  pastorate  ot  six  years  was  very  successful. 
The  parish  was  strengthened  and  the  debt  of  two 
thousand  seven  hundred  dollars  reduced  to  nine 
hundred  dollars.  He  was  removed  to  a  parish  in 
Cincinnati,  where  he  died  a  few  years  afterwards. 
Such  was  the  affection  of  his  old  parishioners  for 
their  former  pastor  that,  raising  the  cost  by  sub- 
scription and  obtaining  the  proper  authority,  they 
brought  his  body  to  Gloucester  and  buried  it 
among  their  own  dead.  Rev.  Daly  was  the  next 
parish  priest,  and  during  the  few  years  of  his  stay 
the  debt  was  increased  to  nine  thousand  five  hun- 
dred dollars.  Rev.  Father  Wiseman  was  the  next 
pastor  and  is  kindly  remembered  as  a  good  one, 
under  whose  administration  the  parish  grew.  The 
parish  school-house  was  built,  several  teachers  em- 
ployed and  a  large  number  of  children  instructed. 
He  was  removed  to  Crawford,  N.  Y.,  and  Bishop 
Corrigan  appointed  Rev.  Egbert  Kars  as  pastor  in 
1873.  Father  Kars  was  the  best  loved  and  most 
successful  pastor  the  Gloucester  Church  has  known. 
For  thirteen  years  he  administered  its  affairs  with 
wise  firmness,  tempered  with  love,  and  gained  the 
hearty  co-operation  of  his  parishion  ers  in  whatever 


600 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


he  undertook  for  the  good  of  the  church.  Short- 
ly after  his  coming  he  brought  the  Sisters  of  St. 
Dominic  and  placed  them  in  charge  of  the  school. 
He  liquidated  the  parish  debt  during  his  pastorate, 
which  ended  with  his  life,  May  3,  1886,  when  he 
died,  lamented  not  alone  by  his  own,  but  all  the 
people,  and  such  was  the  regard  in  which  he  was 
held,  that  on  the  day  of  the  funeral  the  factories 
were  closed  and  the  people  en  masse  attended  the 
obsequies.  While  he  was  in  charge  of  the  parish 
Revs.  Donavan,  Horn,  Gary,  Lynch  and  Murphy 
were  appointed  assistants  in  succession,  the  last- 
named  acting  as  pastor  at  the  time  of  Father  Kars' 
death.  The  parish  numbers  seventeen  hundred 
souls. 

Schools. — The  log  school-house  in  the  woods 
was  used  until  1830,  when  a  frame  house  was  built 
east  of  the  Union  Cemetery  and  served  the  pur- 
pose for  a  number  of  years.  It  was  then  sold,  and 
a  brick  house,  now  occupied  as  a  dwelling,  was 
erected  near  Broadway  and  Hudson  Street.  In 
1859  the  two-story  brick  school-house  on  Monmouth 
Street,  near  Broadway,  was  erected  at  a  cost  of 
seven  thousand  dollars,  followed  in  1868  by  one  at 
Cumberland  Street  and  Eidgway,  costing  five 
thousand  five  hundred  dollars ;  and  in  1869  by  the 
frame  school-house  on  New  Jersey  Avenue,  at  Pine 
Grove.  This  cost  one  thousand  six  hundred  dol- 
lars. In  1871  a  second  house  was  built  near  to 
and  similar  to  the  first  one  at  Ridgway  and  Cum- 
berland, and  in  1873  a  third,  each  of  them  of 
equal  cost  and  capacity.  These  five  buildings, 
valued  at  two  thousand  nine  hundred  dollars, 
with  seven  hundred  and  fifty  seats,  sum  up '  the 
public  school  accommodations  for  the  children  of 
Gloucester  City,  the  number  of  whom,  between 
five  and  eighteen  years  of  age,  is  sixteen  hundred 
and  thirty  six,  the  number  enrolled  being  ten 
hundred  and  forty  six,  with  an  average  attendance 
of  five  hundred  and  twenty  three.  The  pupils  in 
other  schools,  including  the  Roman  Catholic 
Parochial  School  of  St.  Mary's,  number  two 
hundred  and  fifty. 

When  the  State  established  the  public-school 
system  the  people  of  Union  township,  especially 
those  in  the  western  section,  entered  heartily  into 
educational  work  and  the  largest  possible  facilities 
were  provided.  '  In  1847  this  section  comprised 
two  school  districts — Nos.  1  and  2 — with  sixty-two 
and  one  hundred  and  seventy-seven  pupils  respec- 
tively. The  schools  were  kept  open  throughout 
the  year  and  the  taxes  levied  to  cover  the  cost  were 
paid  cheerfully.  The  treasurer  of  the  School 
Board  acted  as  superintendent.  The  first  so  to  act 
was  William  C.  Mulford,  M.D.,  in  1847   and  1848 


as  well  as  in  subsequent  years.  He  was  succeeded 
by  Joshua  P.  Browning,  William  H.  Emery,  Jere- 
miah H.  Banks  and  William  C.  McCallister,  the 
latter  serving  for  a  number  of  years  and  until  1868, 
when  township  gave  way  to  city  methods. 

Under  the  city  charter  the  Board  of  Education 
is  an  independent  body,  not  amenable  to  Common 
Council  for  its  actions,  but  providing  such  educa- 
tional facilities  as  in  its  judgment  are  required, 
with  power  to  levy  such  tax,  within  the  statutory 
limit,  as  will  suffice  to  pay  the  cost.  The  board 
consists  of  six  members  elected  for  three  years, 
two  being  elected  annually.  The  board  elects  a 
president,  secretary  and  treasurer  from  its  own 
members.  The  school  funds  are  made  up  of  a 
State,  local  and  poll-tax.  The  receipts  of  the 
treasurer  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  February  1, 
1886,  were:  From  the  State,  $4908.88;  local  tax 
(two  mills),  $3685.37,— total,  $8594.25.  The  ex- 
penditures were  $7877.31,  of  which  $6252.50  was 
for  salaries.  The  surplus  on  hand  was  $4756.97. 
The  salaries  range  from  $400  to  $500  for  teachers 
and  $1000  for  the  principal.  There  are  eleven 
teachers,  as  follows  :  Principal,  William  Dougher- 
ty; Priscilla  H.  Redfield,  Annie  Emery,  Mary 
Whittington,  Matilda  O.  Redfield,  Elizabeth  W. 
Hanna,  Kate  McMurray,  Willie  Cogill,  Emma 
Mayers,  Emma  S.  Gaunt,  Ida  F.  Luther.  In  addi- 
tion to  these.  Judge  John  Gau  nt,  G.  W.  Michaels, 
P.  H.  Redfield  and  R.  Heritage  have  been  employed 
as  teachers  of  night  schools,  which  are  open  for 
several  months  in  the  year  and  are  well  attended. 
Judge  Gaunt  and  Miss  Redfield  are  veteran  teach- 
ers, the  latter  having  taught  in  the  schools  of 
Gloucester  for  more  than  thirty  consecutive  years. 

The  members  of  the  Board  of  Education  are 
George  M.  Dixon,  William  C.  Turkington  (secre- 
tary), Russell  Willard  (treasurer),  Samuel  Barwisi 
Charles  C.  Collings  (president),  Duncan  W.  Blake, 
M.D. 

The  following  have  been  officers  of  the  board 
since  1868  : 


PRESIDENTS. 


1ST9-80.  John  C.  Stineon. 
1881-82.  Henry  M.  Harley. 

1883.  Henry  F.  West. 

1884.  John  H.  MoMurray. 
1886.  George  M.  Dixon. 
1886.  Charles  C.  Collings. 


1868.  William  C    Mulford. 

1869.  Samuel  Eaby. 
1870-71.  Thomas  Hallam, 
1872-76.  Samuel  T.  Murphy. 

1876.  George  Boughman. 

1877.  Samuel  T.  Murphy. 

1878.  William  H.  Banks. 

SECRETARIES. 

1868-71.  John  C.  Stinson.  1877-82.  Andrew  J.  Greene. 

1872-73   William  H.  Banks.  1883-85.  George  P.  J.  Poole. 

1874-76,  Samuel  Finney.  1886    William  0.  Turkington. 

TREASURERS. 

1868-73.  GeorgeW.Dickensheets.  1877-78.  Thomas  Hallam. 
1874.  William  H.  Banks.  1879-83.  Lewis  G.  Mayers. 

1S7B-76.  Samuel  T.  Mui-phy.  1886.   Russell  Millard. 


GLOUCESTER  CITY. 


601 


Cemetbiiies. — The  Cedar  Grove  Cemetery  Com- 
pany was  incorporated  in  1851,  the  names  of  William 
C.  Mulford,  Jacob  Morrill  and  Stephen  Crocker 
appearing  in  the  charter.  The  company  was  or- 
ganized and  eight  acres  of  land  purchased  on  Mar- 
ket Street,  east  of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad.  This 
was  laid  out  and  improved,  and  this  cemetery  has 
long  been  the  favorite  resting-place  of  Glouces- 
ter's dead.  The  present  directors  are  James  L. 
Hines,  president  and  treasurer;  Wm.  Van  Meter, 
secretary ;  William  C.  Birch,  James  E.  Truax  and 
Levi  North. 

The  Union  Cemetery  is  located  between  Broad- 
way and  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  south  of  Mar- 
ket Street.  The  association  was  incorporated  in 
1860,  Abraham  Powell,  Arthur  Powell  and  Joseph 
B.  Ellis  being  named  in  the  act.  The  ground 
originally  measured  three  acres,  but  the  railroad 
cut  off  one-third,  leaving  but  two  acres.  The  di- 
rectors are :  Alexander  A.  Powell,  president ;  Lewis 
G.  Mayers,  treasurer ;  Daniel  Carroll,  secretary. 

Building  AssociATioisrs. — The  first  building 
association  was  incorporated  in  April,  1849,  as  the 
Gloucester  Saving  Fund  and  Building  Association, 
with  Moses  G.  Boston,  Westcott  Lowell,  Stephen 
Crocker,  William  S.  Doughten,  George  Nichols, 
Charles  S.  Barnard,  William  C.  Mulford,  Jeremiah 
H.  Banks,  William  H.  Emery  and  Joseph  Cramer 
as  incorporators.  The  association  did  well  for 
about  seven  years,  but  difficulties  and  losses  occur- 
red and  its  affairs  were  wound  up  when  the  stock 
was  worth  about  ninety  dollars  per  share. 

August  17,  1866,  a  meeting  was  held  in  Union 
Hall  and  the  United  Mutual  Loan  and  Building 
Association  was  formed  by  the  election  of  William 
W.  Fernald  as  secretary,  and  the  following-named 
rectors:  William  S.  McCallister,  Hugh  J.  Gor- 
man, James  L.  Hines,  James  Nield,  Samuel  Raby, 
Peter  McAdams,  William  Ames,  Philip  Ritner  and 
Joseph  R.  Smith.  Samuel  Raby  was  chosen  pres- 
ident and  Albert  J.  Greene  treasurer.  These  were 
among  the  most  careful  and  trusted  men  of  the 
city,  and  the  success  of  the  enterprise  was  assured. 
Stock  was  subscribed  for,  and  the  association  began 
its  long  career  of  usefulness.  The  first  year  the 
receipts  were  $8957,  and  the  amount  loaned  on 
bond  and  mortgage  was  $8600.  Eighteen  series 
of  stock  have  been  issued,  eight  of  which  have 
matured,  leaving  two  thousand  three  hundred  and 
six  shares  still  running.  The  total  amount  loaned 
on  bond  and  mortgage  since  the  start  is  over 
$350,000,  in  suras  varying  from  $200  to  $2000,  and 
averaging  less  than  $1000  to  each  person.  These 
have  been  persons  of  limited  means,  and  it  is  esti- 
mated  that  nearly  three   hundred   persons   have 


thereby  been  aided  in  securing  homes ;  and  this 
accounts,  in  part,  for  the  unusually  large  propor- 
tion of  house-owners  in  Gloucester — over  one  in 
three  of  the  ratables.  Samuel  Raby  was  president 
two  years ;  Henry  Black,  ten ;  Archibald  M.  Gra- 
ham, one;  James  L.  Hines,  nearly  six  years,  when, 
resigning,  Henry  Black  was  again  elected,  serving 
until  March,  1886,  when  he  resigned  to  take  the 
secretaryship,  made  vacant  by  the  resignation  of 
Hugh  J.  Gorman,  after  nearly  eighteen  years  con- 
secutive service.  Albert  J.  Greene,  who  was  also 
city  treasurer,  was  elected  in  1866  and,  excepting 
1884,  when  Lewis  G.  Mayers  was  elected  for  one 
year,  he  has  been  the  only  treasurer.  The  last 
annual  report  gives  the  receipts  at  $18,459.52,  and 
the  average  premium  for  loans  twenty  per  cent. 
The  present  officers  are :  President,  Joseph  Rut- 
land; Secretary,  Henry  Black;  Treasurer,  A.  J- 
Greene;  Directors:  Peter  McAdams,  Thos.  Black, 
John  Mcllmoyl,  Joseph  O'Kane,  Alonzo  D.  Husted, 
William   C.   Turkington,  Harrison   Eger,   Frank 

Raflferty. 

societies. 

Cloud  Lodge,  No.  10],Fkee  and  Accepted 
Masons,  was  formed  in  1869,  largely  through  the 
endeavors  of  Benjamin  Cloud,  of  Woodbury,  and 
by  his  efforts  a  meeting  was  held  in  Washington 
Hall  September  27th,  when  Richard  C.  Horner, 
Philip  H.  Fowler,  William  Mulford,  William  C. 
Burch,  Joseph  Tucker,  John  P.  Booth,  William 
Willian,  William  W.  Garrett  and  William  Ames 
applied  to  the  Grand  Lodge  of  New  Jersey  for  a 
dispensation  to  form  a  lodge  of  Free  and  Accepted 
Masons,  with  the  following  officers :  R.  C.  Horner, 
W.  M. ;  P.  H.  Fowler,  S.  W. ;  William  C.  Mulford, 
J.W.;  William  0.  Burch,  Treasurer;  William 
Ames,  Secretary. 

The  warrant  constituting  Cloud  Lodge  was  re- 
ceived January  31,  1870,  and  the  officers  were  P. 
H.  Fowler,  W.M.;  William  0.  Mulford,  S.  W. ; 
William  C.  Burch,  J.  W.;  John  C.  Stinson,  Trea- 
surer ;  William  Ames,  Secretary. 

The  following  have  served  the  lodge  as  Worthy 
Masters  : 


1870-71.— Philip  H.  Fowler. 
1872.— Edward  Mills. 
1873.  -  Jolin  P.  Booth. 
1874.— Edwin  Toiniinson. 
1876.— John  Gouiioy. 
187ri.— William  W.  Garrett. 
1877.— Thomas  J.  Finney. 
1878.  —George  A.  Dobbins. 


1879. -Frank  M.  Hoffman. 
1880.-  G.  William  Barnard. 
1881.— Wm.  C.  Burch. 
1882.— Thomas  J.  Finney. 
1883.— Henry  M.  Harley. 
1884.— Wm.  H.  Bowker. 
1885.— John  W.  Warner. 


The  lodge  now  has  twenty-five  members. 

Mount  Ararat  Lodge,  No.  8,  Masonic 
Ladies,  which  meets  in  Powell's  Hall,  is  one  of 
the  most  prosperous  societies  of  Gloucester,  and  was 


602 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


organized  October  8,  18^7,  in  Union  Hall,  with  the 
following  charter  members  : 


Sarah  A.  Conover. 
Kliza  Bainbo. 
Mary  A.  Higham. 
Jennie  Warburton. 
Sarah  Parker. 
Elizabeth  Alawaya. 
Mary  Kichmond, 
Annie  M.  Weat. 
Patience  O'Harah. 
Elizabeth  Rodgers. 
Julia  Sraallwood. 
Kosanna  Horner. 
Anna  P,  Conover. 
Hannah  Tatem. 
Lizzie  Herron. 
Priscilla  Lewis. 
Hannah  Doughty. 
Anna  D,  Morton. 
Sarah  Stillings. 
Margaret  Thomas. 
Sarah  Matlack. 
Elizabeth  Starr. 
Martha  Tomlinson. 
Eliza  J.  Herron. 
Lizzie  Horner. 


Elizabeth  Grove. 
Sue  Hendrickson. 
Sarah  Counor. 
Jane  Colwell. 
Caroliue  BasUan. 
Louisa  J.  Daisey. 
Sarah  J.  Elberson. 
Abigail  Marsh. 
Mary  A.  Miller. 
Emma  Neill. 
Ellen  Turner. 
Mary  Wynn. 
Sarah  Solomon. 
Ellen  ¥.  Carney. 
Emeline  Pew, 
Emma  Daieey. 
Mary  Farras, 
Mary  E.  Irvin. 
Milicent  Lafferty. 
Kebecca  Marple. 
Frances  Taylor. 
Deborah  "Wilkins. 
Parmelia  Teager. 
Georgiana  Frazer. 


The  officerj  for  1886  are  Past  I.  H.  P.,  Amanda 
Cheeseman  ;  I.  H.  P.,  Laura  Beckett;  H.  P.,  Ella 
Pursglove;  S.  of  0.,  Lou  Richardson  ;  S.  L,  Emma 
Lanagan ;  J.  L,  Stella  Parker ;  Tiler,  Emma 
Ross ;  Treasurer,  Amanda  Adams  ;  R.  S.,  Hannah 
Tatem ;  F.  S.,  Anna  D.  Norton. 

Arwam.es  Lodge,  No.  37,  /.  0.  0.  F.,  was  insti- 
tuted February  5,  1846,  by  Samuel  T.  Reed, 
Grand  Master  of  New  Jersey,  assisted  by  D.  D. 
G.  M.  Samuel  Lilly,  G.  W.  Joseph  Notts,  G.  0. 
Joseph  Narine,  G.  G.  A.  P.  Darast  and  Grand 
Marshal  James  P.  Taylor.  The  charter  members 
were  Dr.  William  C.  Mulford,  Reuben  M.  Dimock, 
Henry  Wiggins  and  John  Howarth.  The  lodge 
prospered  for  several  years,  but  the  Civil  War 
depleted  its  membership  and  it  ceased  working 
until  May  7,  1871,  when  it  was  reorganized  with 
these  members : 


Thomas  M.  White. 
Alexander  A.  Powell. 
David  P.  Morgan. 
JaDies  L.  Hines. 
Henry  Van  Poeaen. 
Jamea  Noild. 
Joseph  B.  Ellis. 
Samuel  T.  Murphy. 


Wesley  Anderson. 
Joseph  A.  Leeds. 
Edmund  Hoffman. 
George  W.  Dickensheets. 
William  H.  Banks. 
John  E.  Miller. 
Joseph  R.  Smith. 


The  meetings  were  held  in  Greene's  Hall  and  a 
strong  organization  was  effected.  Its  present 
membership  is  thirty-four,  with  these  officers  :  N. 
G.,  Albert  Munn  ;  V.  G.,  Joseph  0.  Berry  ;  R.  S., 
Joseph  C.  Penn ;  W.,  David  P.  Morgan  ;  0., 
Henry  P.  Hill ;  I.  G.,  Henry  Wiltse.  Among  the 
Noble   Grands  previous  to  the  suspension   were 


William  C.  Mulford,  Wesley  Anderson,  Samuel 
T.  Murphy,  Edmund  Hoffman  and  Frank  Mul- 
ford. The  following  have  been  the  Noble  Grands 
since  the  reorganization  : 


Thomas  A.  White. 
Alexander  A.  Powell. 
John  B.  Miller. 
Kobert  Verdin. 
Albert  Munn. 
James  Netld. 
Charles  Mason. 
George  Oatley. 
Squire  Brooks. 
Jamea  E.  Parker. 
Henry  P.  Hill. 
Joseph  Test. 


George  McLaughlin. 
Lewis  C.  Harris. 
George  A.  Dobbins. 
William  R.  Gardiner. 
Joseph  Cooper. 
Samuel  Pettit. 
Joseph  C.  Penn. 
John  P.  Booth. 
Wesley  Anderson. 
Hugh  O'Neil. 
William  Buckley. 


Ancient  Castle,  No.  2,  A.  0.  K.  M.  C— 
The  Ancient  Order  of  the  Knights  of  the  Mystic 
Chain  was  founded  in  Reading,  Pa.,  February  2, 
1871,  by  J.  O.  Mathers  and  J.  M.  Brown.  It  now 
numbers  one  hundred  and  fifty  castles  in  that 
State  and  ten  in  New  Jersey,  the  latter  recently 
formed  through  the  zeal  of  members  of  the  Glou- 
cester Castle. 

Ancient  Castle,  No.  2,  was  founded  chiefly 
through  the  efforts  of  William  L.  and  Harry  S. 
Simpkins,  George  and  Samuel  B.  Lee,  who  called 
a  meeting  at  the  house  of  James  Carr,  on  Hudson 
Street,  and  securing  twenty-four  names,  resolved 
to  apply  for  a  charter,  and  March  15,  1878,  this 
castle  was  instituted,  with  the  following-named 
charter  members : 


William  L.  Simkiua. 
George  Lee. 
J.  H.  Brown. 
James  M.  Chapman. 
Samuel  Beaston. 
Benjamin  S.  Cheeseman. 
Henry  B.  Wiltse. 
W.  N.  Fenie. 
William  Greene. 
Joseph  L.  Hebbard. 
George  Morrison. 
Jesse  Perkins. 
Frederick  Fabirnen. 


Harry  S.  Simkins. 
Samuel  B.  Lee. 
Thomaa  Conover. 
Lewis  8.  June. 
George  W.  Lake. 
Isaiah  Mageo. 
William  Daiaey. 
Joseph  Greene. 
William  Kent. 
Thomas  Lake. 
Abraham  McLeod. 
Samuel  Burrows. 


The  castle  has  prospered  and  gathered  within 
its  fold  many  of  the  best  and  most  influential  citi- 
zens, among  them  these,  who  have  been  active  in 
spreading  the  order  in  this  part  of  the  State  :  Past 
Supreme  Commanders  Lewis  G.  Mayers,  James  A. 
Wamsley,  M.  D.,  Walter  W.  Larkins  and  George 
W.  Cheeseman. 

Standing  Elk  Tbibe,  No.  22,  Improved  0.  of 
R.  M.,  was  instituted  February  25,  1871,  by  Great 
Prophet  Charles  H.  Gordon,  of  Camden,  with 
these  charter  members, — ■ 


William  W.  Taylor. 
John  McEUmoyl. 


Charles  B.  Muagrove. 
James  Paul. 


GLOUCESTEK  CITY. 


603 


John  A.  Hnker. 
William  Keys. 
Samuel  T.  Murphy. 
Robert  M.  M'atson. 
Jo^ph  VTiggleaworth. 
Jacob  Stetser. 
"Wright  Borgesa. 


James  Kane. 
Joseph  A.  Test. 
George  W.  McLaughlin. 
Isuiic  Burrougll. 
David  Faasner. 
"Wesley  .\uderson. 
Samuel  B.  Lee. 


Knights  of  Pythias.— Franklin  Lodge,  No. 
26,  K.  of  P.,  WHS  instituted  in  Washington  Hall, 
August  18,  1869,  by  Acting  G.  C,  Stephen  D. 
Young;  G.  V.  C,  Thomas  G.  Rowand;  G.  P., 
Samuel  Williams ;  G.  K.  of  R.,  William  B.  French; 
G.  M.  of  F.,  C.  Mahew ;  G.  M.  of  E.,  James  H. 
Pierson ;  G.  M.  A.,  A.  Frank  Holt ;  G.  I.  G., 
William  P.  Repsherl;  G.  O.  G.,  Samuel  Braddock^ 
all  of  Camden,  except  J.  H.  Pierson,  of  Woodbury. 
These  were  the  charter  members  initiated  at  the 
institution  of  the  lodge :  Peter  V.  Brown,  Charles 
F.  Mayers.  Thomas  J.  Finney,  John  O.  Hines 
Samuel  Finney,  George  Learning,  Lewis  G.  May- 
ers, John  C.  Jordan,  Levi  Sharp,  John  D.  Harley, 
Edgar  Roby,  Robert  Booth,  Robert  Heaton,  Wil- 
liam R.  Britton,  Albert  Munn,  James  Paul,  George 
Whipple,  William  S.  Chew,  William  B.  Simon, 
Ambrose  Strong,  George  W.Powell,  Henry  Harley, 
Mark  L.  Lacey,  Alvin  Berry,  Thomas  Conover, 
Joseph  Tucker,  Leroy  Starkweather,  Edward 
Noble. 

These  were  the  officers  installed  August  18, 1869: 
P.  C,  James  Magee ;  C.  C,  Peter  V.  Brown ; 
V.  C,  Samuel  Finney ;  K.  of  R.  and  S.,  Charles 
F.  Mayers;  M.  of  F.,Thomas  J.  Finney ;  M.  of  C  , 
Samuel  Beaston  ;  M.  of  A.,  John  D.  Harley ;  I.  G., 
John  O.  Hines ;  O.  G.,  Edgar  Roby. 

The  Past  Chancellors  of  the  lodge  are  Peter 
V.  Brown,  Samuel  Finney,  A.  E.  I'allman,  John 
D.  Harley,  William  Brown,  John  Moffatt,  How- 
arth  Law,  Henry  Law,  Edgar  Roby,  Henry  Black, 
Robert  Heaton,  Griffith  J.  Cassels,  William  Cald- 
well, Daniel  Forrest,  Joseph  Wigglesworth,  James 
RadclifTe,  George  Angleman,  John  B.  Morrell, 
John  P.  Booth,  William  R.  Britton,  Robert  Booth, 
Joseph  Berry,  Elwood  Fisher,  Douglass  J.  Rob- 
inson, Thomas  F.  Middleton,  Asa  V.  Locke, 
Frank  M.  Neild,  Jehu  A.  Locke,  John  S.  White- 
field,  Samuel  T.  Murphy,  William  Feeney. 

The  officers  for  1886  are :  P.  C,  William  Feeney ; 
C.  C,  Arthur  G.  Clark;  V.  C,  Hugh  Sterling; 
P.,  John  Moffatt ;  K.  of  R.  and  S.,  Robert  Heaton ; 
M.  of  F.,  Benjamin  F.  Upham  ;  M.  of  E.,  Henry 
Black ;  M.  A.  A.,  Elijah  E.  Locke;  O.  G.,  Thomas 
Steen. 

The  lodge  has  fifty-nine  members,  and  meets 
in  McBride's  Hall  every  Tuesday  evening. 

The  Youxg  Republican  Club  was  formed  in 
July,  1880,  as  a  campaign  club,  with  James  Finley 


as  captain  and  William  Hewlings,  lieutenant, 
but  in  October  following  it  was  reorganized  as  a 
permanent  body,  for  social  purposes,  with  new 
officers:  President,  Henry  F.  West;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, John  H.  McMurray;  Secretary,  Robert 
Brannan  ;  Treasurer,  Charles  F.  Reeves.  A  room 
■  was  secured  at  the  northeast  corner  of  King  and 
Hudson  Streets,  and  furnished  with  all  the  neces- 
sities for  social  and  mental  enjoyment.  Christmas, 
New  Year's  and  the  Fourth  of  July  are  days  of 
special  observance,  but  other  seasons  furnish 
occasions  for  banquets  or  less  gastronomic  pleas- 
ures. The  membership  numbers  sixty,  and  the 
officers  are :  President,  Henry  F.  West ;  Vice- 
Presidents,  William  H.  Banks  and  John  H.  Mc- 
Murray ;  Secretary,  Harry  Reeves ;  Treasurer, 
G.  William  Barnard.  No  liquors  are  tolerated 
about  the  club-room. 

The  Women's  Christian  Temperance  Union 
meets  in  the  building  long  known  as  the  Wash- 
ington Hotel,  at  the  corner  of  Hudson  and  Willow 
Streets.  It  was  formed  May  10,  1882,  in  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  largely  through  the 
efforts  of  Mrs.  Fannie  H.  Carr,  president  of  the 
Women's  Christian  Temperance  Union,  No.  1,  of 
Camden.  The  following  were  the  original  officers : 
President,  Mis-  Rev.  H.  M.  Brown ;  Vice-Presi- 
dents, Mrs-  Edna  Taylor  and  Mr:*.  Rev.  J.  R. 
Milligan ;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Theresa  Anderson ; 
Treasurer,  Mrs.  Mary  R.  Michaels. 

Fitting  up  the  rooms  on  Hudson  Street,  the  Union 
began  an  active  career  of  usefulness  and  benevo- 
lence. Soup  is  distributed  to  the  worthy  poor 
during  the  winter  season ;  and  a  library  well 
stocked  with  carefully  selected  books  provides 
good  reading  matter,  in  comfortable  quarters,  to  all 
who  choose  to  avail  themselves  of  the  privileges. 
The  officers  of  the  library  are :  President,  Richard 
Hoffner,  Jr. ;  Secretary,  D.  Roscoe  Harris ;  Treas- 
urer, Emma  Collings ;  Librarians,  Emma  Collings 
and  Sarah  J.  Lippincott.  The  present  officers  of 
the  Union,  which  now  numbers  eighty-four  mem- 
bers, are :  President,  Mrs.  Edna  Taylor ;  Vice- 
President,  Mrs.  Rev.  D.  B.  Harris ;  Treasurer, 
Mrs.  A.  M.  Lippincott ;  Secretary,  Sarah  J.  Lippin- 
cott ;  Superintendent  of  Literature,  Mrs.  M.  R. 
Michaels. 

The  Catholic  Social  Club  for  mental  impro  ve- 
ment  was  formed  in  1883,  and  contains  some  of  the 
brightest  minds  among  the  young  men  of  the 
Catholic  faith  in  Gloucester.  The  officers  selected 
were, — President,  James  McLaughlin;  Secretary, 
Herman  Eger;  Treasurer,  Peter  McAdams;  Li- 
brarian, Daniel  F.  Lane. 

The  club  occupies  rooms  on  King  Street,  above 


604 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Hudson,  which  are  handsomely  furnished,  and  the 
library  is  well  filled  with  carefully  selected  books, 
to  which  the  late  Father  Ears  liberally  contributed. 
The  membership  numbers  twenty-five  and  the  first 
officers  are  still  retained. 

The  Yotjng  Men's  Catholic  Beneficial  Soci- 
ety was  organized  in  1873,  with  thirty  charter  mem- 
bers and  the  following  officers :  President,  John  J. 
Lafferty;  Secretary,  Michael  M.  Mullins ;  Treas- 
urer, Daniel  Kenny.  It  is  No.  314,  and  is  char- 
tered by  the  Irish  Catholic  Beneficial  Union.  It 
has  prospered  and  now  has  a  membership  of  one 
hundred  and  thirty. 

Gloucester  Point  as  a  Pleasure  Kesoet. — 
Hermaomissing  was  the  Indian  name  for  Glou- 
cester Point.  The  eastern  shore  of  the  Dela- 
ware Eiver,  from  Trenton  to  the  sea,  presents  no 
more  attractive  resort  for  the  lovers  of  combined 
rural  and  aquatic  diversions  than  Gloucester  Point. 
At  the  head  of  the  Horseshoe  Bend,  where  the 
Jersey  shore  trends  to  the  east  and  the  Pennsyl- 
vania shore  to  the  west,  the  river  expands  to  bay- 
like proportions,  and  opens  to  the  eye  a  river-view 
many  milesin  extent,  and  from  the  surface,  cooled  by 
contact  with  the  water,  southwestwardly  breezes, 
the  prevailing  winds  of  the  summer-time,  come  with 
refreshing  vigor  during  the  heated  term.  Joined  to 
this,  the  six  thousand  feet  of  gravelly  river-shore, 
affording  ready  facilities  for  beaching  small  craft, 
with  excellent  fishing  in  the  river  and  creeks 
around,  the  fact  that  the  Point  has  been  from  the 
earliest  times  a  favorite  pleasure  resort,  needs  no 
explanation.  Three  miles  from  Market  Street, 
Philadelphia,  it  is  an  easy  row  or  sail,  and  hun- 
dreds did  and  thousands  do  make  it  their  Mecca, 
on  pleasure  bent. 

The  Philadelphia  Fox-Hunting  Club  made  it  a 
place  of  rendezvous  during  its  existence  from  1766 
to  1818,  with  the  headquarters  at  "William  Hugg's 
Ferry -house,  while  the  kennel  was  located  on  the 
site  of  William  J.  Thompson's  hotel.  In  excavat- 
ing for  the  foundations  of  this  building,  a  few  years 
ago,  a  quantity  of  bones,  the  remains  of  canine 
feasts,  were  unearthed.  Following  the  Fox-Hunt- 
ing Club,  in  1828,  came  the  Fish-House  Company, 
now  the  Prospect  Hill  Association.  There  is  a 
dispute  as  to  the  date,  some  fixing  it  as  late  as  1838. 

George  P.  Little,  of  Philadelphia  writes  :  "That 
originally  the  Fish-House  Company  was  organized 
by  some  old  Waltonians,  who,  during  the  summer 
months,  met  semi-weekly  under  the  large  sycamore 
trees  that  once  lined  the  shore  of  the  Delaware, 
from  Newton  Creek  to  Timber  Creek.  Chief 
among  those  veterans  in  handling  the  rod  and  fry- 
ing-pan was  Jesse  Williamson,  and  in  organizing 


a  club  in  1838,  it  was  called  the  Williamson  Fish- 
ing Club,  and,  at  his  request,  on  the  erection  of  the 
present  house,  the  name  was  changed  to  the  Pros- 
pect Hill  Association. 

The  claim  is  made,  however,  on  good  authority, 
that  when  the  Fox-Hunting  Club  disbanded  a 
fishing  club  was  formed,  and  that  a  house  was  built 
in  1828  on  Prospect  Hill,  a  high  blull  overlooking 
the  mouth  of  Timber  Creek  to  the  south,  and  that 
it  was  replaced,  in  1838,  by  the  present  spacious 
two-story  club-house,  where,  twice  a  month,  from 
May  to  October,  the  members,  under  penalty  for 
absence,  gather  and  feast  on  viands  of  their  own 
preparing — not  fish  alone,  but  anything  that  lures 
the  appetite — not  water  alone,  but  aqua  pura  di- 
luted to  a  weakness  assuring  to  weak  ■  nerves. 
Among  well-known  names  on  the  list  of  past  and 
present  members  are  these, — President  and  Cap- 
tain, E.  J.  Hinohen,  of  the  Philadelphia  Sunday 
Dispatch,  who,  for  thirty-two  years,  did  not  miss  an 
opening-day;  James  B.  Stevenson,  Charles  W. 
Bender,  William  F.  Hughes,  Benjamin  Franklin, 
Peter  Glasgow,  George  W.  Wharton,  William 
Richardson,  Peleg  B.  Savery,  Peter  Lyle,  Chapman 
Freeman,  George  J.  Weaver,  Louis  Pelouze,  Mah- 
lon  Williamson,  Jacob  Faunce,  B.  J.  Williams, 
George  Bockius,  Thomas  F.  Bradley,  Joseph  B. 
Lyndall,  S.  Gross  Fry,  Benjamin  Allen,  John  Kri- 
der,  George  P.  Little,  Peter  Lane,  Samuel  Collins, 
William  Patterson,  J.  W.  Swain,  Samuel  Simes, 
Jesse  Williamson  (one  of  the  originators),  and 
others.  The  membership  is  limited  to  thirty,  and, 
as  they  are  long-lived,  the  entire  roll  of  members 
during  the  fifty-eight  years  of  its  existence  con- 
tains but  few  over  one  hundred  names. 

Be-ides  the  Prospect  Hill  Association,  other  clubs 
and  individuals  have  built  houses  along  the  shore, 
where,  during  the  summer  months,  they  bring 
their  families  and  friends  for  a  day's  outing,  spend- 
ing the  hours  in  fishing,  and  retiring  to  the  houses 
when  hungry.  In  a  cluster,  north  of  Hitchner's 
Surf  House,  are  nearly  a  hundred  boat-houses, 
belonging  to  Philadelphians,  who  visit  Gloucester 
Point  for  fishing  and  sailing,  engaging  fi-equently 
ill  regattas,  a  favorite  course  for  which  is  around 
the  Block  House  and  repeat,  making  a  sail  of  six- 
teen miles,  during  the  whole  of  which  the  fleet  is 
in  full  view  from  the  Point.  Several  large  hotels 
line  the  shore  for  the  accommodation  of  visitors — 
notably  the  Buena  Vista  and  Thompson's,  famous 
for  planked  shad,  the  Surf  House,  Fath's,  Hagger- 
ty's,  McGlade's  and  Oostello's.  These  form  a  dis- 
tinct portion  of  the  city,  and,  although  comprising 
a  part  of  the  municipality,  with  patrons  and  pur- 
poses entirely  difierent. 


GLOUCESTER  CITY. 


605 


Matthew  Medcalf,  probably  a  son  of  the  one 
who  settled  at  the  place  in  1688,  established  a  fish- 
ery below  the  wharf  extending  to  Timber  Creek. 
The  title  to  the  fishery  passed  to  two  daughters  of 
William  Masters,  Mrs.  Eichard  Penn  and  Mrs. 
Turner  Oamac.  Samuel  Reeves,  now  of  Haddon- 
field,  was  in  1818  conducting  the  Eagle  Point 
Fishery  at  Ked  Bank.  He  says  at  that  time  the 
fishery  at  the  place  mentioned  was  operated  by 
William  and  Aaron  Wood,  and  belonged  to  Joseph 
Hugg,  who  was  keeping  the  ferry  and  ferry-house. 
He  also  says  John  Mickle,  son  of  Isaac,  was  then 
conducting  a  fishery  above  Newton  Creek. 

Gloucester  Fox-Hunting  Club.— A  num- 
ber of  gentlemen  of  Philadelphia  interested  in 
hunting  convened  at  the  Philadelphia  Coffee- 
House,  southwest  corner  of  Front  Street  and  Mar- 
ket, October  29,  1766,  to  organize  a  club.  Twenty- 
seven  were  present;  among  them  occur  the  names 
of  Benjamin  Chew,  Thomas  Lawrence,  John 
Dickinson,  Robert  Morris,  John  Cadwallader, 
Charles  and  Thomas  Willing,  James  Wharton, 
Andrew  Hamilton  and  others,  who,  in  later  years, 
became  famous  in  the  councils  of  the  State  and 
nation.  They  agreed  to  keep  a  kennel  of  fox- 
hounds, and  to  pay  to  the  treasurer  five  pounds 
each  for  the  purpose.  In  1769  old  Natty,  a  negro 
man  belonging  to  Mr.  Morris,  was  engaged  year 
after  year  as  knight  of  the  whip  placed  in  charge 
of  the  kennel. 

He  was  allowed  fifty  pounds  per  annum,  a  house 
and  a  horse.  In  1774  a  hunting  uniform  was 
adopted,  a  dark  brown  cloth  coat  with  lapeled 
dragoon  pockets,  white  buttons  and  frock  sleeves, 
bufi"  waistcoat  and  breeches  and  a  velvet  cap.  In 
1777  the  kennel  consisted  of  sixteen  couple  of 
choice  fleet  hounds,  and  in  1778  twenty-two 
hounds. 

The  kennel  was  established  soon  after  the  or- 
ganization on  the  banks  of  the  Delaware  River, 
near  Gloucester  Point,  and  while  the  business 
meetings  were  held  in  Philadelphia,  the  rendez- 
vous for  hunting  was  established  at  the  inn  of 
William  Hugg,  at  Gloucester  Point  Ferry.  After 
the  Revolution  the  club  was  revived  and  the  mem- 
bers increased.  Twenty  of  the  members  were  the 
founders  of  the  City  Troop  of  Philadelphia,  and  the 
commander  of  the  Troop,  Samuel  Morris,  Jr.,  was 
until  1812  the  president  of  the  club.  The  hunts 
took  place  usually  in  Gloucester  County,  at  Chews 
Landing,  Blackwoodtown,  Heston's  Glass  Works, 
and  sometimes  at  Thompsons  Point,  on  tlie  Dela- 
ware. Jonas  Cattell,  the  noted  guide  and  whipper 
in  of  the  club,  was  tall,  muscular,  possessed  of  un- 
common activity  and  endurance.  He  was  re-elected 


for  the  service  in  the  winter  of  1796,  and  continued 
until  the  dissolution  of  the  club,  in  1818.  His 
keen  sagacity,  knowledge  of  woodcraft  and  of  the 
habits  of  game  rendered  his  services  invaluable. 
The  death  of  Captain  Charles  Ross,  in  1818,  caused 
the  final  disbanding  of  the  club.  The  kennel  was 
distributed  among  the  members,  and  their  progeny 
are  scattered  all  over  West  Jersey. 

Fisheries. — Various  places  along  the  Delaware 
River,  at  Gloucester,  became  noted  as  shad-fish- 
ing stations  at  the  time  of  the  settlement,  but  the 
first  mention  of  them  is  contained  in  a  will  of 
Sarah  Bull,  made  in  1742.  She  was  a  daughter  of 
Thomas  Bull,  whose  mother,  Sarah  Bull,  is  men- 
tioned as  a  widow  in  1688,  and  as  owning  one  of 
the  lots  that  extended  down  to  the  river.  The 
fishery  designated  was  above  the  wharf,  extending 
to  Newton  Creek,  and  was  left  by  her  to  the  Har- 
risons, and  used  until  the  erection  of  the  factory, 
when  its  usefulness  was  destroyed.  Gloucester 
Point  has  ever  been  the  resort  of  experienced 
fishermen,  whose  purpose  was  less  for  pleasure 
than  gain,  and  fisheries  with  immense  nets  have 
troubled  the  waters  ever  since  the  white  man's 
boat  first  pressed  the  gravelly  strand.  For  many 
years  it  was  the  occasion  of  an  annual  picnic  with 
New  Jersey  farmers,  far  and  near,  to  go  with  their 
teams,  in  large  companies,  each  spring,  to  Glou- 
cester Point,  load  their  wagons  with  shad,  haul 
them  home  and  cure  them  for  family  use  during 
the  year,  salted  and  smoked  herring  and  shad  being 
deemed  as  essential  to  the  larder  as  pickled  pork. 
Shad  were  more  plentiful  and  larger  in  those  days 
than  now-  In  the  language  of  Alexander  A. 
Powell,  a  fisherman,  threescore  years  ago,  "  Shad 
don't  run  as  they  used  to  do  when  I  was  a  boy ; 
they  used  to  bring  in  six  thousand  at  a  haul ;  now 
six  hundred  is  a  big  catch,  and  such  big  ones  as 
they  used  to  catch  I  eight-pounders,  many  of  them, 
while  now  a  four-pounder  is  called  a  beauty." 
The  Hugg  fishery,  extending  from  Clark's  to  the 
old  ferry  at  Hitchner's,  and  the  Champion  fishery, 
north  from  Hitchner's  to  Newton  Creek.  The 
latter  was  purchased  by  the  Gloucester  Land 
Company  in  1848.  The  Clark  fishery  was  united 
with  the  Hugg  right  about  seventy  years  ago,  and 
Alfred  Hugg,  a  leading  lawyer  of  Camden,  whose 
ancestors  for  generations  owned  the  fishery,  with 
other  heirs,  is  now  the  owner,  and  was  the  opera- 
tor until  1886,  when  it  was  leased  to  William  J. 
Thompson  and  William  Guy.  The  net  used  is  five 
hundred  and  seventy-five  fathoms  in  length, 
twenty  fathoms  in  depth,  and  the  lines  over  four 
miles  long,  being  the  largest  net  used  on  the  Dela- 
ware.    Shore-fishing  has  been  less  lucrative  since 


606 


HISTOEY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTS,  NEW  JERSEY. 


gill-fishing  came  into  vogue.  This  method  came 
into  use  as  early  as  1800,  and  was  considered  in- 
jurious to  the  general  fisheries  to  such  an  extent 
that  an  act  was  passed,  November  26,  1808,  pro- 
hibiting the  use  of  the  drift  net  or  gilling  seines. 
This  act  was  in  force  many  years,  and  June  10, 
1820,  Aaron  Patterson,  Charles  Anderson,  William 
Grifiith  and  William  Campbell  were  tried  for  the 
offense  committed  May  6th,  opposite  Howell's 
fishing-grounds,  at  Red  Bank.  The  act  became 
inoperative  a  few  years  later,  and  the  method  was 
largely  used. 

Alexander  A.  Powell  was  one  of  the  earliest  to 
engage  in  this  mode  of  fishing.  He  drifted  his  first 
net,  sixty  fathoms  long,  from  Gloucester  to  Red 
Bank,  in  1828,  and  continued  in  the  same  occupa- 
tion, each  returning  spring,  until  1882,  when  the 
weight  of  seventy  winters  compelled  him  to  desist. 
Sixteen  gill-fishers  now  constitute  the  Gloucester 
contingent,  using  nets  one  hundred  and  thirty 
fathoms  long.  Formerly  sturgeon  fishing  was 
quite  a  business,  but  it  has  fallen  ofi",  and  the 
boats  go  to  the  bay  in  the  early  part  of  the  season, 
following  the  fish  as  they  move  up  the  river,  and 
reach  Gloucester  in  July. 

There  are  two  fishing  districts  on  the  Delaware 
River,  in  Camden  County.  The  southern  district 
extends  from  Federal  Street,  Camden,  to  Timber 
Creek.  Patrick  McGallagher  is  fish  warden  of  this 
district.  The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  catch 
for  1886,  with  the  number  of  men  employed  and 
nets  used  :  At  Gloucester,  William  J.  Thompson 
and  William  Guy  employ  sixty  men,  and  work  a 
net  of  five  hundred  fathoms  length.  The  number 
of  roe  shad  caught  was  9240;  bucks,  6153  ;  skips, 
2431,— total,  17,824;  herring,  179,406;  rock  fish, 
691.  Gloucester  City,  21  gillers,  2500  fathoms, 
8800  shad.  Bridge  Avenue,  Camden,  10  gillers, 
750  fathoms ;  8000  shad.  Kaighns  Point,  10  gil- 
lers, 1000  fathoms,  5000  shad. 

Planked  Shad  may  not  be  called  an  industry, 
but  planked  shad  dinners  are  an  institution  pecu- 
liar to  Gloucester  Point,  one  that  is  rapidly  winning 
popularity  for  the  locality.  Who  was  the  inventor, 
and  when  and  where  the  invention  was  first  ap- 
plied, is  not  surely  known.  Tradition  has  it  that 
a  hundred  years  ago  Jersey  dames,  living  near  the 
banks  of  the  Delaware,  always  famous  for  the 
abundance  and  delicate  flavor  of  its  shad,  pleased 
and  cultivated  the  epicurean  appetites  of  their 
lords,  the  ploughmen  and  the  fishermen  of  the  day, 
by  serving  up  the  dainty  flsh,  toasted  on  oaken 
planks,  free  from  the  effluvia  of  swine  fat.  This  is 
tradition,  however,  dark,  dim  and  uncertain,  but 
living  testimony  verifies  the  statement. 


Samuel   Reeves,  now  in  his  ninety-sixth   year, 
living  in  Haddonfield,  began  fishing  at  Eagle  Point 
fishery,  at  Red  Bank,  in  1818,  and  says  planked 
shad  were  then  prepared,  but  not  often,  and  not 
until  many  years  later  did  it  become  extensively 
known.      About   fifty  years    ago   "Aunt  Polly" 
Powell,  wife  of  Abraham  Powell,  living  near  the 
shore  at  Gloucester  Point,  so  served  the  fish,  on 
occasions,  to  the  hungry  disciples  of  "  Izaak  Wal- 
ton," who  sought  the  gravelly  shore  on  piscatorial 
expeditions.     "  Aunt  Polly  " — the  term  was  one  of 
affection  and  respect — did  not  make  it  a  business  to 
cater  for  the  hungry,  but,  at  times,  fishing-parties, 
hungering  and  thirsting,  would  entreat  her  kind 
offices  in  warming  a  cup  of  coffee  or  frying  a  bit  of 
bacon,  and,  in  the  goodness  of  her  kindly  heart, 
she  sometimes   varied  the  regimen  with  planked 
shad,  to  their  delight  and  her  gain.  "  Aunt  Polly's  ". 
skill,  however,  never  made  planked  shad  famous. 
They  were  delicious,  and  the  fishermen   knew  it, 
and  repeated  the  experiment  to  prove  the  fact ;  but 
they  were   not  judges,  for   fishermen   are  always 
hungry,  and  a  hungry  man  knows  not  whether  it 
be  the  excellence  of  the  viand  or  the  sharpened 
appetite  that  makes  it  taste  so  good. 

The  first  to  provide  the  dish  to  parties  was  Mrs. 
Wills,  the  widow  of  Aden  G.  Wills,  who  kept  the 
ferry-house,  "  The  Old  Brick,"  over  forty  years 
ago.  He  removed  to  Red  Bank,  where  Mrs.  Wills 
supplied  planked  shad  to  her  guests  occasionally. 
Aden^Wills  died  and  Mrs.  Wills,  who  is  still  living 
in  Philadelphia,  leased  the  Buena  Vista,  at  Glou- 
cester Point,  about  thirty  years  ago,  and  had  a  lim- 
ited patronage  for  plank  shad.  Among  her  regular 
patrons  was  Detective  Ben  Franklin,  who  some- 
times alone,  at  other  times  with  company,  doubled 
his  enjoyment  by  sampling  the  luscious  dish 
while  inhaling  draughts  of  cool  air.  But  while 
Mrs.  Wills  was  an  expert  in  the  culinary  art,  she 
knew  not  the  mysteries  of  printer's  ink,  and  the 
knowledge  of  the  dish  was  limited. 

Daniel  Wills,  a  son,  served  planked  shad  at  the 
Buena  Vista  years  later,  and  after  that  at  the 
Lazaretto,  where  many  s.  bon  vivant  sought  his 
hospitality.  A  Chester  host  took  up  the  rdle  a 
number  of  years  ago,  and  many  went  thither  for 
the  delightful  dish,  but  the  later  lustre  of  the 
Gloucester  dinners  has  paled  the  rival  lights  in  the 
land  of  Penn,  and  if  they  still  burn,  it  is  dimly 
and  subdued.  Plank  shad  continued  to  be  served, 
but  their  renown  was  confined  within  narrow 
bounds,  and  Philadelphia  almost  monopolized  the 
privilege  until  about  ten  years  ago,  when  William 
J.  Thompson,  who  had  been  running  the  Buena 
Vista,  was  supplanted  by  John  Plum,  and,  building 


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GLOUCESTER  CITY. 


607 


a  house  of  his  own  farther  south  on  the  shore, 
set  rival  tables,  which,  exciting  emulation,  led  to  a 
strife  for  trade  that  lined  both  their  coflFers  with 
silver  and  gold. 

The  rivalry  led  to  extensive  advertising,  until 
Gloucester  Point's  special  dainty  had  been  read  of 
all  over  the  land,  and  parties  from  distant  States, 
after  experimenting,  have  gone  home,  told  their 
story  and  started  others  on  the  pilgrimage.  John  J. 
Jackson  succeeded  Plum,  who  supplies  the  com- 
modity at  the  "Buck,"  on  Timber  Creek,  butthe  pil- 
grimage to  Gloucester  still  continued,  requiring 
constant  expansion  and  multiplication  of  appliances 
to  feed  the  increasing  pilgrims,which  this  year  will 
reach  ten  thousand.  All  classes  are  included. 
United  States  judges,  Senators,  Congressmen  and 
heads  of  departments,  Governors,  legislators. 
State,  county  and  municipal  officials,  military  and 
naval  heroes,  the  grave,  the  gay,  all,  in  singles, 
pairs  and  fifties,  all  partake  ;  even  the  bootblack, 
if  he  has  the  price,  may  enjoy  the  luxury,  barring 
the  wine. 

Mr.  Thompson  is  constantly  adding  attractions 
to  his  spacious  hotel,  and  his  guests  warmly  praise 
his  hospitality  and  successful  management.    He  is 


one  of  Gloucester's  most  active  citizens,  and  in 
business  and  political  matters,  a  leader.  When  Mr. 
Thompson  came  to  Gloucester  (1869)  "  planked 
shad"  dinners  were  served  in  a  primitive  way. 
He  has  brought  it  to  a  state  of  perfection,  and  his 
hotel  is  the  resort  not  only  of  Philadelphia's  most 
noted  people,  but  the  entire  country.  It  is  a  great 
place  for  foreign  tourists,  who  desire  to  receive  in- 
struction about  the  mysteries  of  that  great  Ameri- 
can dish. 

Plank  shad  is  thus  prepared  and  served.  A  hick- 
ory or  white-oak  plank,  two  and  a  half  inches  thick, 
is  heated  almost  to  ignition  ;  upon  it  is  placed  a 
"  roe  shad,"  fresh  from  the  water,  and  split  down 
the  back,  seasoned  and  then  placed  before  a  fire  of 
coals.  It  requires  from  half  to  three-quarters  of  an 
hour  to  cook  properly.  The  fire  cooks  one  side, 
the  hot  plank  the  other,  the  process  conserving  the 
aroma  and  juices  ;  and  served  hot,  with  new  pota- 
toes, fresh  green  peas,  asparagus  and  waffles,  with 
wine  to  those  who  will,  it  is  a  dish  fit  for  the  most 
epicurean  of  American  sovereigns. 

Among  the  noted  sportsm  en  was  John  Burroughs, 
whose  reputation  for  fishing  and  gunning  was 
second  to  none  in  the  country. 


THE  BOROUGH  OF  HADDONFIELD. 


CHAPTER  XI. 

Early  History — Francis  Collins,  John  Kay,  Timothy  Matlack,  Jacob 
Clement,  Samuel  Clement,  Thomas  Perry  Webb,  Thomas  Redman, 
Hugh  Creighton,  William  Griscom,  Benjamin  Hartley— Local  In- 
cidents of  the  Eevolution—Haddonfield  in  1825  and  1835— Friendship 
Fire  Company — Old  Taverns — The  Post  Office— Library  Company — 
The  Friends  -^  Baptist  Church  —  Methodist  Church  —  Episcopal 
Church — Presbyterian  Church — Schools — Business  Interests — So- 
cieties. 

Early  History. — The  land  on  whicli  this  town 
is  situated  was  embraced  in  two  surveys,  one  of  five 
hundred  acres,  made  to  Francis  Collins,  Oct.  23, 
1682,  and  another  of  five  hundred  acres  to  Richard 
Mathews,  in  1683.  The  former  may  be  described  as 
lying  southwest  of  Ellis  Street,  and  extending  from 
the  head  of  the  middle  branch  of  Newton  Creek  to 
the  south  branch  of  Coopers  Creek.  The  King's 
Highway,  or  Salem  road,  passed  through  it.  The 
28th  of  Eleventh  Month,  1724,  Joseph  Collins, 
heir-atrlaw  of  Francis  Collins,  conveyed  the  por- 
tion west  of  Salem  road  to  John  Estaugh.  He 
retained  the  eastern  portion,  where  his  father  had 
erected  a  mansion-house  on  the  hill  south  of  the 
village,  which  he  named  "  Mountwell."  The  site  is 
now  occupied  by  Reilly's  Seminary.  The  larger 
portion  of  the  Collins  tract,  not  occupied  by  the 
town,  is  now  owned  by  the  Hinchman  estate  and 
William  H.  Nicholson  and  others. 

The  Matthews  tract  adjoined  the  Collins  tract 
on  the  north,  and  extended  to  Coopers  Creek. 
Richard  Mathews  was  a  Friend  and  resided  in 
London  at  the  time  of  the  purchase  of  this  land, 
but,  a  few  years  later,  removed  to  Stoke  Newington, 
England,  where  he  died  in  1696.  He  was  inter- 
ested in  the  Province,  was  probably  a  creditor  of 
Edward  Byllinge,  and,  through  his  agents,  made 
several  surveys  in  Gloucester  County,  as  it  is  not 
known  that  he  ever  came  to  this  country.  In  1691 
he  sold,  through  his  attorney,  Elias  Farr,  one 
608 


hundred  acres  of  the  tract  above  mentioned  to 
William  Lovejoy,  it  being  that  portion  that  lay 
between  the  main  street  of  Haddonfield  and  Coop- 
ers Creek.  William  Lovejoy  was  a  blacksmith, 
and  it  is  supposed  his  shop  was  the  smith-shop 
marked  on  the  Thomas  Sharp  map  of  1700.  The 
land  was  granted  him  by  Richard  Mathews,  for 
services,  and  in  1696  Thomas  Gardiner,  Jr.,  son- 
in-law  of  Richard  Mathews,  as  administrator  of 
the  Mathews  estate,  granted  Lovejoy  fifty  acres 
additional,  for  services  rendered.  This  tract  lay 
beyond  the  present  Evans'  mill,  in  Delaware  town- 
ship, and  was  called  the  Uxbridge.  Lovejoy  aban- 
doned his  occupation  soon  after,  and  sold  all  his 
land,  in  the  year  1696,  to  Thomas  Kendall,  who 
erected  a  mansion-house  and  corn-mill.  The  mill 
contained  but  one  set  of  burrs,  and  was  known  as 
the  "  Free  Lodge  Mill,"  and  was  probably  the  first 
of  the  kind  in  the  county  of  Gloucester.  The  land 
and  mill  passed,  in  1702,  to  Henry  Treadway,  who 
soon  after  sold  to  Mordecai  Howell,  who,  in  1705, 
conveyed  it  to  John  Walker  and  Thomas  Carlisle. 
The  latter,  in  1708,  sold  his  undivided  half-interest 
to  Walker,  who,  in  1710,  sold  the  land,  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  acres,  to  John  Kay,  Joshua  Kay, 
John  Kay,  Jr.,  and  Simeon  Ellis.  In  1713  John 
Kay,  Jr.  and  Simeon  Ellis  gave  to  John  Kay  a 
quit-claim  deed  for  their  right  in  the  property. 

John  Kay  was  among  the  leading  men  of  the 
settlement,  and  first  purchased  one  hundred  acres 
of  Francis  Collins  in  1684,  situated  on  the  north 
side  of  the  north  branch  of  Coopers  Creek,  and  is 
now  part  of  the  farm  lately  owned  by  Joseph  W. 
Cooper,  deceased.  The  land  lies  about  one  mile 
east  of  EUisburg,  in  Delaware  township,  this 
county.  At  his  house,  in  1685,  under  the  authow- 
ity  of  the  Quarterly  Meeting  of  Friends  at  Bur- 
lington, an  Indulged  Meeting  was  organized,  and 
continued  there  several  years.     In  1685  John  Kay 


THE  BOEOUGH  OF  HADDONPIELD. 


609 


was  elected  to  the  General  Assembly  of  the  prov- 
ince of  West  New  Jersey,  and  again  in  1703-4. 
He  was  also  appointed  one  of  the  justices  of  Glou- 
cester County,  by  virtue  of  which  he  was  one  of 
the  judges  of  the  courts  of  the  county.  In  1710, 
(the  year  he  purchased  the  Lovejoy  survey),  he 
was  again  elected  a  member  of  the  Assembly,  and 
upon  the  meeting  of  that  body,  at  Burlington, 
elected  speaker,  and  was  re-elected  for  the  sessions 
of  1711-12-13.  He  was  defeated  for  Assembly  in 
1716  by  Daniel  Coxe.  When  in  the  Assembly  he 
was  chairman  of  the  committee  to  make  the  set- 
tlement of  the  boundary  line  between  New  York 
and  New  Jersey,  and  also  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee to  prepare  a  law  to  fix  the  partition  line 
between  East  and  West  Jersey.  He  died  in  1742, 
leaving  a  widow,  Sarah,  and  several  children, — 
John,  Sarah  (who  married  James  Norris),  Mary, 
Isaac,  Josiah,  Benjamin  and  Joseph.  At  the  time 
of  his  death  he  owned  all  the  land  east  of  the 
main  street  in  Haddonfield,  from  Coopers  Creek 
to  a  line  near  Ellis  Street,  excepting  a  few  lots 
sold  to  Timothy  Matlack  and  others.  He  also 
owned  tracts  of  land  in  Delaware  township  and 
other  parts  of  what  is  now  Gloucester  and  Camden 
Counties.  In  1727  he  conveyed  to  his  son  Isaac 
several  tracts  of  land,  containing  seven  hundred 
and  thirty-four  acres,  situated  on  both  branches  of 
Coopers  Creek.  In  this  deed  he  is  mentioned  as 
"John  Kay,  of  the  Grist-Mill,  at  the  head  of 
Coopers  Creek,  in  Newton  township,  Gloucester 
County,  New  Jersey."  The  only  part  of  the  estate 
now  in  the  family  name  is  owned  by  Isaac  M.  Kay 
(a  lineal  descendant  of  John),  of  Haddonfield,  and 
is  in  Delaware  township.  The  tract  in  Haddonfield 
passed  to  John  Kay,  a  son,  except  a  portion  owned 
by  Sarah  Norris.  The  mill  property  was  in  the  por- 
tion conveyed  to  Isaac  and  passed  to  his  son  Joseph, 
by  whom  it  was  resurveyed  in  1791,  and;  later, 
passed  to  Mathias  Kay.  The  old  mill  was  in  New- 
ton township,  and  its  site  can  still  be  seen  in  the 
bed  of  the  pond  when  the  water  is  low.  In  1779  it 
was  moved  about  one  hundred  yards  down  the 
stream  and  to  the  north,  on  the  .site  of  the  pre- 
sent Evans'  mill,  in  Delaware.  In  1819  Thomas 
Evans  purchased  the  mill  property  of  Mathias 
Kay,  and,  in  1839,  rebuilt  it,  and  on  the  south  side, 
at  the  end  of  the  dam,  about  1820,  built  a  full- 
ing-mill, which  was  rented  by  Russell  Millard,  who 
began  business  and  continued  until  about  1854, 
when  it  was  destroyed  by  fire.  Thomas  Evans 
died  in  1849,  and  left  the  mill  to  his  son,  Josiah  B. 
Evans,  who,  in  1854,  associated  with  him  Solomon 
Matlack,  a  millwright.  He  died  in  1869  and  left 
the  property  to  his  children.    The  business  is  now 


conducted  by  Joseph  G.  Evans  &  Co.  In  1888 
the  machinery  was  changed  and  the  Roller  Process 
and  other  improvements  adopted. 

Sarah,  a  daughter  of  John  Kay,  married  James 
Norris,  a  shipwright,  and  built  one  of  the  first 
houses  in  Haddonfield,  on  a  lot  given  her  by  her 
father  in  which  she  kept  a  store.  She  was  taxed 
in  1723  and  for  many  years  after.  This  was  prob- 
ably the  first  store  in  Haddonfield.  Her  husband 
died  in  1742,  and  left  a  daughter,  Elizabeth,  who 
married  Isaac  Smith  in  1739  and  John  Hinchman 
in  1747.  Sarah  Norris  died  in  1757.  The  old 
house  in  which  she  kept  her  store  stood  on  the 
west  side  of  the  main  street,  near  the  corner  of 
Potter  Street,  and  her  dwelling,  a  two-story  hipped 
roof  with  a  high  basement,  stood  on  the  same 
property. 

Timothy  Matlack,  son  of  William,  came  to 
Haddonfield  in  1726  and  opened  a  shop.  In  1733 
he  was  assessed  10s.,  and  Sarah  Norris  6s.  Sd. 
Matlack  received  from  his  father,  William,  in 
1714,  a  tract  of  land  in  Waterford  township,  near 
Glendale,  where  he  built  a  house  and  settled.  In 
1726  he  sold  it  and  removed  to  Haddonfield.  It 
does  not  appear  that  he  bought  until  August  6, 
1732,  in  which  year  he  purchased  of  John  Estaugh 
several  lots  on  the  west  side  of  Main  Street,  embrac- 
ing the  American  House  property,  andabove  and  be- 
low and  some  distance  to  the  rear.  On  September  1st, 
the  same  year,  he  bought  four  acres  of  John  Kay,  on 
the  east  side  of  the  main  street,  opposite  the 
American  House.  In  1743  he  sold  part  of  the  last- 
named  purchase  to  Jacob  Clement,  a  tanner,  in 
whose  descendants  it  still  remains.  The  lot  on 
which  the  residence  of  George  Horter  now  stands 
was  part  of  the  four  acres  of  Matlack.  Timothy 
Matlack  purchased  land  on  the  north  side  of  the 
road  of  Mary  Gill  and  John  Gill,  Jr.,  March  31, 
1744,  which,  October  17,  1754,  he  sold  to  John  and 
Daniel  Hillman,  who.  May  15,  1758,  sold  to  John 
Shivers  ;  the  house  now  occupied  by  Mrs.  Joseph 
B.  Tatem,  on  Main  Street,  standing  on  the  pre- 
mises, was  shortly  after  built. 

Timothy  Matlack,  a  son  of  Timothy  Blatlack, 
was  born  in  Haddonfield,  in  1730,  and  afterwards 
became  noted  in  the  councils  of  the  nation. 
When  a  young  man  he  moved  to  Philadelphia.  He 
was  educated  as  a  Friend,  and  consequently  as  a 
non-resistant,  but  during  the  Revolutionary  War 
he  served  as  a  colonel,  for  which  he  was  "dealt 
with  "  by  the  Society  and  lost  his  membership.  He 
was  secretary  of  the  Continental  Congress  when 
that  body  was  in  session  in  Philadelphia,  and  was 
known  as  an  earnest  advocate  of  the  cause  of  the 
colonies.    He  died  in  1829,  and  was  buried  in  the 


610 


HISTOKY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


grave-yard  of  the  Society  of  Free  Quakers  (of 
which  he  was  a  member),  on  South  Fifth  Street, 
Philadelphia. 

Benjamin  Collins,  a  son  of  Joseph  Collins, 
was  a  carpenter,  and  received  from  his  father  a 
tract  of  land  fronting  the  south  side  of  the  main 
street,  a  part  of  the  Mountwell  estate.  He  died  in 
1756. 

Jacob  Clement,  who  in  1743  bought  a  lot  of 
Timothy  Matlack,  built  thereon  a  tannery.  The 
site  of  it  is  to  the  rear  of  John  Clement's 
house,  and  it  was  continued  until  about  1812.  It 
passed  to  James  Clement,  his  son,  and  later  to 
John  Clement,  his  nephew,  and  is  now  owned  by 
John  Clement,  son  of  John.  The  old  mansion- 
house  stood  on  the  site  of  John  Clement's  present 
residence. 

About  1750  James  Hartley  built  a  tannery  on 
the  lot  of  Charles  H.  Hillman,  which  was  operated 
until  about  1825. 

Samuel  Clement,  son  of  Jacob,  who  married 
Bebecca,  the  daughter  of  Joseph  Collins,  in  1735, 
received  from  him  a  large  tract  of  land  ex- 
tending from  the  main  street  southerly  to  a  line 
running  from  Coopers  Creek  westerly.  On  this 
tract  and  on  the  south  side  of  Main  Street,  corner 
of  Ellis  Street,  Dr.  Evan  Clement,  in  1760,  erected 
a  large  brick  house,  where  he  lived  many  years,  as 
did  his  son,  Samuel  K.  Clement.  The  property 
was  recently  purchased  by  Alfred  W.  Clement, 
who,  in  July^  1886,  tore  down  the  house  and  in  the 
wall  was  found  a  brick  bearing  the  date  September, 
1760.  Samuel  Clement  was  an  active  member  of 
the  Society  of  Friends  and  prominent  in  the  pro- 
gressive movements  of  his  day.  He  was  also  a 
surveyor  and,  entrusted  with  the  settlement  of 
township  and  county  lines,  which  he  faithfully  and 
satisfactorily  performed. 

Thomas  Pebbywebb,  in  1727,  purchased  of 
John  Kay  a  triangular  piece  of  land  where  now 
stands  the  store  of  Alfred  W.  Clement,  where  he  had 
built  a  dwelling,  and  in  1733  was  assessed  as  a 
tavern-keeper.  In  1737  he  was  taxed  10«.  as  a 
blacksmith.  He  continued  in  business  many  years. 
His  widow,  Margery,  in  1742,  purchased  a  piece  of 
land  adjoining ;  but  the  only  son  being  a  seafaring 
man,  the  property  eventually  passed  to  others. 

Thomas  Eedman,  who  settled  at  Haddonfield 
about  1730,  was  the  son  of  Thomas  Eedman,  of 
Philadelphia,  a  leading  mechanic  in  that  city.  He 
was  apprenticed  to  a  druggist  and  when  of  age 
came  to  Haddoniield,  and  in  1737  married  Hannah 
the  daughter  of  John  Gill,  and  opened  a  drug  store 
in  the  village.  He  died  in  1766  and  left  several 
children,  of  whom  Thomas  Eedman  followed  the 


business  of  his  father,  and  also  was  a  conveyancer. 
He  married  Mercy  Davis.  They  had  a  son  Thomas, 
who  married  Elizabeth  L.  Hopkins.  He  too  became 
a  druggist  and  also  a  conveyancer  and  carried  on 
the  business  in  the  same  house  which  stood  on  the 
site  of  Mrs.  Samuel  C.  Smith's  residence.  He 
died  in  1846  and  his  widow  in  1852.  Their  chil- 
dren— Thomas  (deceased),  James,  Joseph,  Eliza- 
beth (deceased),  John,  Charles  and  Sarah — are 
residents  in  the  vicinity. 

Thomas  Champion,  son  of  Nathaniel  and  grand- 
son of  John,  who  established  a  ferry  over  Coopers 
Creek  in  1702,  came  to  Haddonfield  as  a  tailor  and 
resided  in  the  mansion  built  by  Mathias  Aspden. 
He  afterwards  became  its  owner.  It  is  now  the 
property  of  the  Misses  Blackwood,  on  Main  Street. 
This  was  considered  at  the  time  of  its  erection  the 
most  expensive  house  in  the  village.  The  owner- 
ship of  the  lot  passed  from  Thomas  to  his  son 
Samuel,  and  after  his  death  it  passed  out  of  the 
name  and  became  the  property  of  Benjamin  W. 
Blackwood,  M.D. 

Mathias  Aspden,  in  1749,  was  one  of  the  tax- 
ables  in  Haddonfield.  He  married  the  widow  of 
Eoger  Hartley  in  1756,  and  their  son  Mathias,  as  a 
shipping  merchant  in  Philadelphia,  accumulated  a 
large  estate.  He  was  a  Loyalist  during  the  Eevo- 
lution  and  in  1779  his  property  was  confiscated. 
In  1786  the  attaint  of  treason  was  removed  and 
damage  awarded  to  the  estate.  He  died  unmarried 
in  London,  August  9,  1824.  His  estate  was  settled 
in  accordance  with  a  will  made  in  1791,  and  was 
left  to  his  heirs-at-law.  The  will  was  contested  by 
the  English  and  American  claimants,  and  after 
twenty  years  of  litigation  it  was  decided  in  favor 
of  the  American  claimants  and  six  hundred  thou- 
sand dollars  was  distributed  among  them.  Mathias 
Aspden,  Sr.,  purchased  a  part  of  the  four  acres,  on 
which  he  built  a  fine  mansion.  He  later  moved  to 
Philadelphia,  where  he  died  in  1764.  He  bought 
of  Timothy  Matlack  the  most  of  his  estate  west  of 
the  main  street,  from  Doughty's  store  to  the 
Eedman  property,  and  the  same  year  the  remainder 
of  it. 

Hugh  Cbeighton  owned  the  tavern  house 
which  is  now  the  American  House,  in  Haddonfield. 
It  was  the  place  of  meeting  of  the  Legislature  of 
New  Jersey  several  times  in  the  year  1777.  The 
Council  of  Safety  was  created  by  act  of  Council 
and  General  Assembly  of  the  State  and  was  or- 
ganized in  this  tavern  house  on  the  18th  of 
March,  1777,  and  transacted  business  there,  and 
next  convened  at  Bordentown,  March  26th ;  re- 
turned to  Haddonfield  May  10th.  Afterwards 
meetings  were  held  at  Morristown  and  Princeton, 


THE  BOROUGH  OF  HADDONFIELD. 


611 


and  on  September  5th  at  Haddonfield,  where  it  was 
continued  until  the  25th  of  the  same  month. 
Hugh  Creighton  lived  in  this  tavern  until  1790, 
and  several  years  after  in  the  town.  He  was  the 
grandfather  of  Governor  Stratton.  A  frequent 
visitor  at  his  house  was  Mrs.  Doratha  Todd,  later 
known  as  Dolly  Madison.  She  was  a  daughter  of 
John  Payne  and  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in 
1772,.  when  her  parents  were  on  a  visit,  they  being 
residents  of  Hanover  County,  Va.  Her  father 
was  a  captain  in  the  army  during  the  Revolution- 
ary War  and  afterwards  became  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  Friends  and  was  among  the  first  who 
had  religious  scruples  about  holding  slaves.  In 
1786  he  sold  his  estate  in  Virginia  and  removed 
with  his  negroes  to  Philadelphia,  where  they  were 
all  freed  from  bondage. 

'*  Doratha  waa  educated  according  to  the  opinion  of  Friends,  and 
in  1791  married  John  Todd,  a  wealthy  young  lawyer  of  that  city, 
being  of  the  same  faith.  He  died  in  179:-i  of  yellow  fever,  leaving 
her  with  two  children.  After  the  death  of  her  husband  she  aban- 
doned the  religious  faith  of  her  parents,  laid  aside  plainness  of  dress 
and  entered  fashionable  society.  Her  presence  in  Haddonfield  drew 
■around  her  the  country  beaux,  and  more  than  one,  even  in  their  old 
age,  confessed  their  inability  to  resist  her  charms.  Their  out-door 
parties  in  summer  and  quilting  parties  in  winter  always  found  her  a 
welcome  guest,  when  she  was  the  centre  of  attraction  and  admiration. 
Philadelphia  was  the  metropolis  .and  there  resided  those  adminis- 
tering the  government,  whose  wives  and  daughters  made  society  gay 
and  fashionable.  .Among  the  delegates  to  Congress  from  Virginia 
was  James  Madison,  ayoung  lawyer  of  talent  andeven  then  re- 
garded as  one  of  the  brightest  intellects  of  the  State.  His  strict  at- 
tention to  the  duties  of  his  office  prevented  his  making  many  ac- 
quaintances, but  on  the  occasion  of  his  introduction  to  the  bright 
young  widow,  he  fell  desperately  in  love.  This,  on  the  part  of  on  e 
whose  attainments  were  in  advance  of  bis  years,  led  to  considerable 
gossip  among  the  ladies  and  made  him  the  point  of  many  jokes  and 
other  pleasantries  with  the  heads  of  government,  even  to  President 
Washington,  who  appreciated  his  worth  and  abilities.  In  1794 
Doratha  Todd,  generally  known  as  Dolly  Todd,  became  Dolly  Madi- 
son, and  the  wife  of  a  future  President  of  the  United  States.  In 
1801  her  husband  was  appointed  Secretai-y  of  State  by  Mr.  Jeiferson, 
and  he  removed  to  Washington,  the  new  capital  of  the  United  States* 
then  but  a  small  town.  They  remained  there  until  1817,  ftt  the  close 
of  the  second  term  of  Mr.  Madison's  Presidency,  and  then  went  to 
Montpelier,  Va.,  upon  his  paternal  estate.  ...  In  her  exalted 
position  she  never  forgot  her  friends  about  Haddonfield,  nor  the 
many  pleasant  days  she  had  spent  among  the  people  there. 

Some  of  her  old  admirers  sought  honorable  promotion  at  the  hands 
of  her  husband  during  his  administration,  which  claims  were 
strengthened  by  her  influence  and  led  to  success.  .  .  .  She  would 
always  relate  the  pleasant  reminiscences  of  her  early  life  to  those 
presented  to  her  as  residents  of  West  New  Jersey,  making  inquiry 
concerning  the  old  families." 

The  lots  adjoining  the  hotel  property  of  Hugh 
Creighton  on  the  south  were  purchased  by  John 
Clement,  in  1836,  and  the  brick  houses  now  stand- 
ing were  erected  and  given  to  his  three  daughters. 
The  houses  standing  on  the  lots  were  small,  one 
story  and  a  half  and  hip-roofed.  The  one  next  the 
hotel  was  owned  by  Isaac  Kay,  the  next  by  Thomas 
Denny  and  the  third  was  moved  to  Ellis  Street, 
where  it  now  stands  and  is  the  residence  of  Mary 


Allen.  The  lot  on  which  this  house  stood  was 
owned  by  Samuel  Mickle,  who  built  it.  He 
married,  in  1742,  Letitia,  a  daughter  of  Timothy 
Matlack.  He  died  a  few  years  later  and  in  1750 
his  widow  married  Thomas  Hinchman.  In  1752 
Elizabeth  Estaugh  bought  the  Mickle  property 
and  Sarah  Hopkins,  after  the  death  of  her  hus- 
band, Ebenezer,  in  1757,  moved  to  Haddonfield 
and  occupied  the  house  and  lot.  On  the  site  of 
the  old  house  is  now  the  residence  of  Mrs.  Sarah 
Hopkins,  the  widow  of  Griffith  M.  Hopkins,  a 
lineal  descendant  of  Ebenezer  and  Sarah  Hopkins. 

William  Geiscom,  a  saddler,  came  to  Haddon- 
field about  1750  and  lived  in  the  house  that  now 
stands  on  Main  Street,  owned  by  Isaac  A.  Brad- 
dock.  During  the  Revolution  it  was  used  as  a 
guard-house;  a  frame  shop  adjoining  was  set  on 
fire  by  the  British  troops  and  destroyed,  but  no 
further  damage  was  done.  The  building  was  the 
residence  for  many  years  of  Captain  James  B. 
Cooper.     It  is  now  occupied  as  a  millinery  store. 

Benjamin  Haetley,  October  25,  1764,  pur- 
chased of  John  Kay,  son  of  Isaac,  a  lot  of  land, 
now  owned  by  Charles  H.  Hillman,  on  which  his 
son  James  erected  a  tannery  about  1770,  which 
was  continued  until  about  1825.  The  old  house 
was  removed  in  1881. 

Prior  to  the  Revolution  George  Hanold  erected 
a  house  on  Main  Street,  above  Potter,  which  now 
belongs  to  the  heirs  of  Hannah  Ann  Clement. 
The  house  now  owned  by  the  Misses  Kirby,  oppo- 
site Tanner  Street,  was  erected  before  the  Revo- 
lution, and  was  the  'residence  of  Rev.  Robert 
Blackwell  from  1772  until  1777,  when  in  charge  of 
the  mission  in  this  section.  This  property  passed 
to  John  Branson,  whose  executors,  in  1805,  sold  it 
to  Kendall  Cole.  He  disposed  of  it  to  Evan 
Clement  in  1813,  who,  January  22,  1816,  conveyed 
it  to  Stephen  Kirby,  whose  descendants  now 
own  it. 

For  sketches  of  Richard  Snowden,  Nathaniel 
Evans  and  Rev.  Dr.  Blackwood,  see  chapter  on 
Authors  and  Scientists. 

Local  Incidents  of  the  Revolution. — The 
brick  house  nearly  at  the  north  end  of  Main  Street, 
and  now  owned  by  Isaac  A.  Braddock,  was  built 
before  the  Revolution  by  John  Matlack,  son  of 
William.  The  house  on  the  site  of  the  present 
one  of  the  late  John  Gill  was  also  erected  previous 
to  the  Revolution. 

The  last  encampment  of  the  Hessians,  under 
Count  Donop,  before  the  battle  of  Bed  Bank,  Oc- 
tober 22,  1777,  was  in  Haddonfield.  This  body  of 
troops  was  about  twelve  hundred  strong,  and  were 
encamped  across  the  street  and  in  the  field  near 


AUTOGRAPHS  OF  FIRST  SETTLERS  IN  THE  VICINITY  OF  HADDONFIELD, 
AND  OF  EARLY  RESIDENTS  OF  THE  TOWN. 


^^^U^T^^ 


.i2i-    t-  ^ 


Daughter  of  John  Haddon  and  wife  of  John 

Estaugh.   She  died  1761,  childless.  Had- 

donfield  was  named  in  honor  of  her. 

A  minister  among  Friends.     Married 

Elizabeth,   daughter  of  John 

Haddon.     Died  1742. 


^      \^0->^^    ^^-^  / 


Son   of  James,  of  Flushing,   Long  Island,  the 

son  of  Gregory  the  regicide.     Had 

sons  Samuel,  Thomas  and 

Jacob. 

Son  of  Jacob  the  first  settler.    He  was  a  prac- 
tical surveyor  of  Haddonfield. 


<y  A  first  settler.     Died  1742.     Had  sons 


A  first  settler.    Cousin  of  the  Haddons,  and  their 
attorney.    Died  1749,  leaving  one  son,  John. 


A  first  settler.     Died  1742.     Had  sons 

John,  Isaac,  Josiah,  Benjamin 

and  Joseph. 


hfc^c^^r^^^e^   Mf^v^n^ 


0  J^}r>x/'^     l^^c^i 

Son  of  William  the  emigrant,  and  father  of  V_^ 

Col.  Timothy  of  Eevolutionary  fame.  Early  pioneer  of  Burlington  and  Newton.     Died  1720,  leaving 

sons  Joseph,  John,  Francis  and  Samuel. 


Son  of  William  the   emigrant,  and  brother  of  above 
Timothy. 


Eldest  son  of  Francis  the  emigrant. 

Died  1741,  leaving  one  son, 

Benjamin. 


^«    ^^^T^         (^^p^^^M 


Large  proprietor  in  Haddon  and  Deptford  townships. 
Died  1696,  leaving  one  son,  Thomas. 


One  of  the  first  tavern-keepers  at  Haddonfield 


qg-^ 


A  first  settler.     Purchased  part  of 
Matthews'  survey  in  Had- 
donfield. 


^^u^S^ 


Proprietor  of  the  tavern  in  Haddonfield  where  the 
Legislature  met  in  1777. 


THE  BOROUGH  OF  HADDONFIELD. 


613 


John  Gill's  house.  During  the  night  of  October 
21st  the  headquarters  of  Count  Donop  were  in  his 
house.  The  next  day  the  battle  was  fought,  and 
Count  Donop  was  mortally  wounded,  and  died 
three  days  later. 

During  the  Revolutionary  War   the  Hessians 
and  American  troops  were  often   ranging  through 
the  town.    After  the  battle  of  Bed  Bank,  where 
the  Hessian  troops  were  defeated,  they  returned  in 
detached  bodies,  and  the  old  Friends'  Meeting- 
house was  used  as  a  hospital,  and  later  by  both 
armies.    A  Scotch  regiment  was  encamped  during 
one  winter  just  east  of  John  Clement's  residence. 
Their  deportment  made  them  many  friends,  espe- 
cially among  the  boys,  who  carried  on  a  lively 
trade  by  exchanging  game  for  powder.  Many  amus- 
ing incidents  used  to  be  related  by  the  old  people. 
Upon  the  abandonment  of  Philadelphia  by  the 
British  army,  in  June,  1778,  it  passed  through  Had- 
donfield  on  the  way  to  New  York.     The  army  was 
four  days  and  nights  passing  through  the  town,  by 
reason  of  the  great  amount  of  material  and  camp 
equipage  to  be  transported.     Many  times  during 
the  war  the  people  of  Haddonfield  and  vicinity 
were  harassed  by  troops  from  both  armies,  forag- 
ing for  supplies.    A  secluded  spot  was  selected,  it 
being  a  low  swampy  piece  of  timber  land,  about 
two  miles  east  of  the  village,  between  the  Milford 
road  and  the  north  branch  of  Coopers  Creek,  fami- 
liarly known  as  Charleston,  now  owned  by  George 
C.  Kay.  At  this  place  a  tract  of  several  acres  was 
surrounded  by  a  strong  high  fence ;  no  roads  led 
to  it,  and  whenever  necessary,  cattle  were  driven 
there  and  confined  until  danger  was  over.     Silver- 
ware and  other  valuables  were  buried.    One  farmer 
kept  his  pork  and  provisions  in  a  hogshead,  which 
was  buried  in  the  cellar.     Lydia  Bates,  who  lived 
in  a  small  house  on  the  site  of  the  late  residence 
of  Samuel  M.  Reeves,  kept  a  cow,  which  was  often 
caught  by  the  soldiers  and  milked.     This  proceed- 
ing did  not  meet  with   Lydia's  approval,  and  on 
the  approach  of  the  soldiers  she  would  drive  the 
cow  into  her   cellar,  where   she  was   safely  kept 
until  they  were  gone. 

Upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  Revolutionary 
War  the  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends  in  the 
colonies  found  themselves  in  a  peculiar  situation. 
The  principles  of  non-resistance  and  passive  obe- 
dience entered  so  largely  into  their  faith  and 
practice  that  it  was  not  long  after  hostilities  began 
that  they  were  accused  of  sympathy  with  the  loyal 
cause.  In  some  instances  this  was  true,  but  much 
the  larger  number  were  on  the  side  of  the  people, 
and  rendered  such  aid  and  comfort  as  could  be 
done  consistent  with  their  profession. 
74 


It  afiected  large  bodies  of  influential  and  wealthy 
citizens  in  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey,  and 
drew  toward  them  the  attention  of  the  authorities. 
A  notable  instance  of  this  was  that  of  Thomas 
Redman,  of  Haddonfield,  who  was  arrested  and 
confined  in  the  county  jail  at  Woodbury  from 
January  21  to  March  18,  1777.  The  charge 
was  that  he,  as  clerk  of  the  Preparative  Meeting 
of  Haddonfield,  had  read  an  epistle  from  the 
Meeting  of  Suffering  of  Philadelphia,  before  the 
Haddonfield  Meeting,  relating  to  the  members  of 
the  society  bearing  arms. 

Before  the  committing  magistrates  he  admitted 
the  fact,  yet  insisted  that  he  could  not  avoid  the 
discharge  of  his  duty — neither  had  he  violated  the 
law. 

Certain  paragraphs  in  the  epistle,  it  was 
claimed,  were  of  "  dangerous  consequences"  to  the 
cause  of  the  people,  and  he  was  required  to  give 
security  for  his  good  behavior  in  the  future,  or 
stand  committed.  This  he  could  not  conscien- 
tiously do,  and  was,  therefore,  sent  to  prison. 

He  remained  there  until  the  sitting  of  the  court, 
when  the  case  was  heard  and  he  was  fined  five 
shillings  and  the  costs  of  prosecution.  He  in- 
formed the  court,  for  the  same  reasons,  that  he 
'could  not  comply  with  the  sentence,  and  was  about 
to  be  remanded  when  the  sheriff  announced  that 
the  same  had  been  discharged,  and  Thomas  Red- 
man was  released.  As  he  took  his  departure  he 
disclaimed  any  knowledge  of  how  or  by  whom  the 
fine  was  paid,,  and  never,  perhaps,  discovered  who 
was  the  friend  in  disguise. 

The  journal  kept  by  him  while  incarcerated — 
still  preserved  by  the  family— is  an  interesting 
manuscript.  It  shows  how  kind  and  attentive  the 
officials  were  to  him,  and  the  frequent  visits  of 
friends,  who  carefully  looked  after  his  creature 
comforts.  It  is  evident  that  the  proceeding  was 
contrary  to  the  better  judgment  of  all  concerned, 
for  the  offence,  being  merely  technical,  carried 
with  it  no  intentional  harm. 

Haddonfield  in  1825.— On  the  west  side  of 
the  street,  from  Coopers  Creek,  the  first  brick 
house  was  that  of  John  Middleton,  now  owned  by 
Isaac  A.  Braddock.  It  was  built  by  John  Matlack 
prior  to  the  Revolution.  The  next  below  was  the 
John  Gill  house,  also  brick,  on  the  site  of  the 
present  house  still  in  possession  of  the  family— an 
account  of  Count  Donop,  in  connection,  is  elsewhere 
given.  Next  below  was  the  house  now  owned  by 
Mrs.  Joseph  B.  Tatem.  From  Grove  Street,  not 
then  laid  out,  south,  was  a  house  built  by  Joseph 
Bates,  about  1815,  and  for  many  years  the  resi- 
dence of  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry,  now  owned  by  Col. 


614 


HISTOEY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Jesse  E.  Peyton.  Next  was  the  American  house 
property,  since  owned  by  John  Roberts.  Below 
the  tavern  were  the  three  low,  hip-roofed  houses, 
the  first  owned  by  Isaac  Kay,  next  by  Mrs.  Denny 
and  the  third  was  the  Estaugh  Hopkins  house, 
now  on  Ellis  Street.  Next  were  the  shops  kept 
by  Zaccheus Logan,  shoemaker ;  Franklin  Eggman, 
tailor;  and  John  Whitehead,  watchmaker.  Below 
was  a  hip-roof  house,  formerly  owned  by  Thomas 
Githens,  a  blacksmith,  whose  shop  was  at  that  time 
fronting  the  street.  Next  was  the  Thomas  Red- 
man house,  in  which  the  third  Thomas  Redman 
was  keeping  a  drug  store ;  it  is  now  the  site  of 
Mrs.  Samuel  C.  Smith's  residence.  The  Griscomb 
house  was  next,  and  the  residence  of  Captain  Jas. 
B.  Cooper.  Beyond  the  Ferry  road  was  Samuel 
Kennard's  brick  house,  now  the  property  of  W.  H. 
Harrison.  Samuel  Kennard  purchased  the  lot 
April  14,  1782,  and  built  upon  it  the  brick  house. 
He  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  many  years.  His 
grandson  was  a  prominent  Baptist  minister  in 
Philadelphia,  and  his  great-grandson  in  Washing- 
ton. 

Adjoining  the  Kennard  house  was  also  a  brick 
house  many  years  owned  and  occupied  by  Joseph 
Branson.  Next  below.  Turner  Risdon,  a  saddler, 
resided  in  a  brick  house  built  many  years  before. 
Next  below  was  the  brick  house  and  store  built  by 
Richard  Stafford,  now  the  site  of  Willard's  drug 
store.  The  site  of  the  post-office  was  occupied  by 
the  tavern-stand,  built  in  1775  by  Edward  Gibbs, 
and  now  occupied  by  Samuel  R.  Stoy.  On  the 
corner  of  Tanner  Street  was  the  shop  of  Jeremiah 
Elfreth,  a  cabinet-maker ;  below  on  the  same  street, 
were  the  old  Estaugh  tavern-house  and.  two  or 
three  small  houses.  On  the  north  side  of  Tanner 
Street  were  three  lots,  with  houses,  owned  by  John 
Clement.  Daniel  Fortiner,  about  1800,  built  a  house 
on  Main  Street,  the  only  one  south  of  Tanner 
Street,  on  the  west  side  of  Main  Street.  He  was 
a  cabinet-maker,  and  the  house  is  now  the  property 
of  William  H.  Clement.  On  the  east  side  of  the 
street,  south  of  the  railroad,  there  was  but  one 
house,  which  was  owned  by  Silas  Willis,  a  mason  ; 
it  stood  on  the  land  now  belonging  to  the  heirs  of 
Joseph  Walton.  A  frame  house,  still  standing, 
owned  by  Nathaniel  Clement,  is  now  owned  by 
Nathaniel  T.  Clement,  his  grandson.  The  next 
house  stood  on  the  site  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
and  was  built  by  Jeremiah  Elfreth,  who  lived  there 
all  his  days.  Above  was  the  house  occupied  from 
1772  to  1777  by  Rev.  Robert  Blackwell,  later 
owned  by  Dr.  Evan  Clement,  since  the  property 
of  Stephen  Kirby,  and  later  owned  and  occupied 
by  his   daughters.     On  the   site   of  Perrywebb's 


blacksmith  shop,  about  the  year  1825,  John  Reeves 
built  a  store  and  kept  it  several  years.  It  was  later 
kept  by  Samuel  M.  Reeves,  S.  Stokes  Hillman 
and  Adrian  C.  Paul,  and  the  site  is  now  occupied 
by  the  store  of  Clement  &  Giffin.  Next  above  was 
a  house  built  by  the  Alexanders,  on  the  site  of 
Lydia  Bates'  frame  house.  It  passed  to  Benjamin 
Cooper,  and  is  now  the  property  of  Samuel  M. 
Reeves'  heirs.  Next  was  a  small  frame  house 
on  the  site  of  Dr.  N.  B.  Jennings'  residence.  On 
the  site  of  the  residence  of  Mr.  George  Horter  was 
a  house  owned  by  Abel  Nicholson,  previously 
by  Munson  Day.  Above  was  a  small  house  owned 
by  Samuel  Champion,  now  by  the  Misses  Stout. 
Next  was  the  Mathias  Aspden  house,  then  owned 
by  Samuel  Champion,  later  by  Dr.  Benjamin 
Blackwood,  whose  heirs  still  reside  there.  Next 
was  the  Matlack  house,  which  was  a  guard-house 
at  the  time  of  the  Revolution. 

Jacob  Clement's  house  was  next ;  it  stood  until 
John  Clement  built  his  present  residence,  about 
1857.  The  next  house,  now  standing,  was  owned 
by  J.  Stokes  Coles,  and  built  by  John  Clement, 
son  of  Jacob.  The  Sarah  Norris  house,  in  which 
she  kept  a  store,  later  used  as  a  tavern,  was 
torn  down  in  1842-43,  and  the  present  brick  resi- 
dence, now  owned  by  Aaron  C.  Clement,  was  built 
by  his  father,  John  Clement.  Above  Potter  Street, 
on  Main  Street,  stood  a  house  of  Gerrge  Hanold's. 
Next  above  was  the  house  now  owned  by  Charles 
H.  Hillman,  then  in  possession  of  the  Hartley 
family.  The  Roberts  house,  still  owned  by  the  fam- 
ily, was  built  by  John  Roberts  in  1816.  The  old 
Baptist  Church  and  burying-ground  were  situated 
above.  The  church  was  built  in  1818,  torn  down 
and  rebuilt  in  1852,  which  was  in  turn  torn  down 
in  1885.  An  old  house  stood  between  the  Baptist 
Church  and  the  creek,  owned  by  Samuel  Zane, 
where  "  Aunt  Jenny  "  kept  home-made  beer,  cakes 
and  candy  for  the  small  boys  of  the  vicinity. 

Off'  the  Main  Street  were  the  Grove  School-house, 
built  in  1809,  and  still  standing ;  the  Friends' 
Meeting-house,  which  is  now  torn  down,  and  the 
old  Friends'  School-house,  built  in  1787,  and  still 
standing.  On  Tanner  Street  was  a  tannery,  from 
which  the  street  took  its  name.  It  was  built  about 
1800  by  Samuel  Brown,  who  kept  it  many  years. 
In  1828  it  passed  to  Samuel  Allen,  by  whom  it  was 
operated  many  years,  and  abandoned  about  1875. 
The  property  is  now  owned  by  Mary  Anne  Cle- 
ment, his  daughter,  and  wife  of  A.  W.  Clement. 

On  Potter  Street,  John  Thomson  established  a 
pottery  in  1805,  and  about  1808  sold  the  business 
to  Richard  W.  Snowdon,  son  of  Richard,  and  then 
a  young  man,  who  continued  the  business  until  his 


0^^'-C^f^C^ 


^-^tA~K^ 


THE  BOROUGH  OF  HADDONFIELD. 


615 


death,  October  29,  1868,  from  which  time  it  was 
continued  until  1883,  by  his  son  Richard.  It  is 
still  in  operation. 

The  Business  Interests  or  Haddonfield  in 
1835. — The  first  business  places  on  the  east  side  of 
Main  Street,  for  the  year  named,  was  a  store  kept 
by  Samuel  M.  Reeves,  now  the  site  of  Clement  & 
Giflan's  store;  above  were  shops  of  Isaac  Albertson, 
wheelwright;  Edward Raynolds, gunsmith;  Daniel 
Fortiner,  blacksmith;  Turner  Risdon,  harness- 
maker;  and  Charles  Lippincott,  tailor;  next  was 
the  engine-house;  above  was  Franklin  Eggman, 
tailor;  and  on  the  corner  of  Potter  Street  was  a 
store  kept  by  James  M.  Glover.  On  the  west  side 
of  the  street,  from  the  south  end,  and  on  the  corner 
of  Tanner  Street,  Samuel  H.  Burroughs  had  a 
cabinet  shop;  above  was  the  tavern  of  Enoch 
Clemens,  and  stores  kept  by  Franklin  Eggman  and 
David  Roe ;  the  drug  store  of  Thomas  Redman ; 
tailor  shop  of  Isaac  MiddletOn ;  tavern  and  store 
of  Thomas  A.  Pearce ;  and  shoe  shop  of  Spencer 
Kirby.  On  the  site  of  the  Methodist  Church, 
Samuel  Thackara  had  a  blacksmith  shop,  and 
above  was  Daniel  Garrett's  shoe  shop. 

As  Haddonfield  increased  in  size,  and  the  sur- 
rounding country  became  settled,  the  several 
mechanical  industries  were  developed,  which  at- 
tracted the  people  of  a  large  section  of  the  sur- 
rounding country  to  the  place,  and  made  it  the 
centre  of  considerable  trade.  Carriage-builders, 
wagon-makers,  blacksmiths,  carpenters,  masons, 
tailors,  cabinet-makers,  shoemakers,  tanners,  and 
other  branches  were  carried  on  here,  and  of  these 
each  generally  had  several  apprentices  and  con- 
sumed a  large  amount  of  material  in  each  branch. 
Apprentices  were  indentured  t(3  serve  until  twenty- 
one  years  of  age,  to  be  taught  the  "  art  and 
mystery  "  of  the  business,  to  serve  their  masters 
faithfully,  to  be  allowed  one  week's  "harvest" 
each  year,  and  at  the  end  of  their  term  to  receive  a 
full  suit  of  "freedoms,"  which  was  the  name  ap- 
plied to  a  new  suit  of  clothes — from  hat  to  shoes — 
received  on  such  occasion.  By  the  week's  harvest, 
which  each  apprentice  was  allowed,  he  obtained 
his  pocket-money  for  the  coming  year.  He  was 
careful,  therefore,  to  fill  each  day  in  some  farmer's 
grain-field,  and  for  which  he  would  receive  the 
"  going  wages."  Farmers  looked  to  this  source 
for  their  supply  of  harvest  hands,  and,  when  the 
grain  began  to  ripen,  would  arrange  among  them- 
selves the  days  to  cut  the  grain,  and  come  into 
the  village  and  notify  the  apprentices  accord- 
ingly. When  learning  to  reap  the  apprentice 
was  known  as  a  cub  or  half-hand,  and  the  butt  of 
the  older  boys  in  his  awkwardness  and  waste  of 


grain.  Soon,  however,  he  would  rank  among  the 
best,  and  stand  ready  to  rally  the  next  boy  for  his 
like  inexperience.  The  system  of  apprenticeship, 
from  various  causes,  gradually  fell  into  disuse,  and 
for  many  years  past  not  a  boy  has  been  indentured 
in  this  region.  The  effect  has  been  to  leave  the 
country  bare  of  skilled  workmen,  and  to  necessitate 
the  introduction  of  foreign  labor  to  fill  the  place. 
This  is  felt  in  every  branch  of  mechanics,  and  will 
not  be  remedied  except  the  old  path  be  followed. 
Machinery  has  done  much  to  simplify  and  expedite 
many  kinds  of  work,  but  nothing  is  lost  when  a 
workman  is  employed  whose  early  instruction  has 
fitted  him  for  the  task  set  before  him. 

David  Roe,  Se.— The  'Roe  family,  one  of  the 
oldest  in  Gloucester  County,  N.  J.,  is  of  Scotch- 
Irish  ancestry,  and  settled  in  the  province  of  New 
Jersey  as  early  as  1700.  The  first  one  of  the  fam- 
ily of  whom  anything  definite  is  known  was  Abra- 
ham Roe,  the  father  of  Henry  Roe,  who  was  born 
in  Blackwoodtown  May  20, 1754.  He  (Henry  Roe) 
married  Miss  Ann  Jaggard,  born  October  4,  1760, 
whose  father,  James  Jaggard,  was  a  large  owner 
of  land  in  and  around  Blackwoodtown.  In  1762  Mr. 
Jaggard  deeded  to  his  daughter  Ann  the  farm  now 
owned  by  Dr.  Joseph  B.  Roe,  which  farm  has  since 
remained  in  the  family.  Henry  Roe  was  a  man  of 
fine  character,  and,  like  his  ancestors,  a  Presbyte- 
rian of  the  old  school.  He  was  an  elder  and  lib- 
eral supporter  of  the  Woodbury  Presbyterian 
Church.  He  served  through  the  war  for  independ- 
ence and  held  the  rank  of  major.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Roe  were  born  twelve  children,  ten  of  whom 
grew  to  maturity.  Of  his  sons,  William  and  Rob- 
ert served  in  the  War  of  1812.  Another  son^ 
Henry — was  of  a  literary  turn,  and  in  his  boyhood 
cared  more  for  his  Latin  grammar  than  for  farm 
implements.  He  became  a  professor  in  a  college 
at  Annapolis,  Md.  He  died  of  cholera  in  1829. 
David  Roe,  the  youngest  son,  was  born  on  the 
home  farm  February  4, 1800,  and  grew  to  manhood 
there.  His  education  was  acquired  at  the  Wood- 
bury Academy,  and  was  superior  to  that  obtained 
by  most  farm  sons  of  that  time. 

About  the  year  1821  he  removed  to  Haddonfield, 
N.  J.,  and  commenced  merchandising  by  opening 
a  "country  store,"  where  everything  was  expected 
to  be  found  for  sale.  By  attention  to  business, 
anticipating  the  wants  of  the  people  and  a  careful 
system  of  accounts,  his  success  was  marked.  In  a 
few  years  after,  he  began  the  purchase  of  real  es- 
tate and  made  some  ventures  in  farming.  Attracted 
to  this  line  of  employment,  and  finding  it  better 
for  his  health,  he  gradually  increased  his  acres  un- 
til he  had  sufficient  land  to  require  his  whole  at- 


616 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


tention.  He  closed  out  his  business  as  a  merchant, 
and  became  one  of  the  best  and  most  systematic 
agriculturists  in  the  neighborhood.  His  theory 
was  that  soil  properly  fertilized  and  cultivated 
made  the  best  return,  and  the  more  liberally  this 
theory  was  followed  the  more  successful  was  the 
farmer.  This  idea  was  applied  to  his  stock,  his 
utensils  and  his  workmen, — claiming  that  the  best 
was  always  the  most  economical. 

He  was  a  man  of  decided  convictions,  and  for 
several  years  an  elder  in  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
the  obligations  of  which  he  discharged  conscien- 
tiously and  acceptably  to  the  society.  He  became 
an  active  opponent  of  the  sale  and  use  of  intoxi- 
cating liquors,  and  at  a  time  when  such  sen- 
timents had  but  few  advocates,  and  were  generally 
unpopular.  In  no  way  discouraged,  he  pressed 
his  opinions  on  this  question  on  all  proper  occa- 
sions ;  and,  as  it  was  shown  that  his  precepts  were 
no  more  observable  than  his  example,  and  con- 
trolled by  a  disinterested  and  moral  motive,  every 
one  admired  his  consistency,  if  they  did  not  accept 
his  practice.  The  use  of  liquors  among  his  work- 
men was  not  allowed,  and  even  during  harvest  he 
adhered  to  the  rule,  and  at  last  convinced  those 
employed  by  him  that  its  use  was  not  beneficial. 
His  conversion  to  this  belief  was  due  to  a  careful 
and  thorough  study  of  the  subject,  and,  as  an  evi- 
dence of  his  strong  conviction  of  the  harm  caused 
by  the  use  of  liquor,  it  is  known  that  he  destroyed 
a  large  quantity  he  had  in  his  store,  believing  that 
it  would  be  as  wrong  to  return  it  to  those  from 
whom  he  obtained  it  as  to  sell  it  himself. 

In  his  family  he  was  a  model  husband  and  fath- 
er, and  while  strict  as  to  moral  and  religious  prin- 
ciples, he  was  indulgent  and  lenient  in  a  marked 
degree  in  all  other  matters.  In  politics  he  was  a 
Whig,  but  never  a  politician. 
,  Mr.  Roe  was  married,  on  the  3d  of  February, 
1825, — ^the  ceremony  being  performed  in  Philadel- 
phia by  Mayor  Robert  Wharton,— to  Miss  Rebecca 
Say  Bispham,  of  Moorestown,  who  was  the  daugh- 
ter of  Joseph  and  Susan  Bispham,  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, on  Market  Street,  between  Front  and  Sec- 
ond Streets,  on  November  6,  1797.  Mr.  Roe  died 
May  24,  1855. 

The  children  of  David  and  Rebecca  Roe  were 
Henry,  who  married  Miss  Clark,  and  is  now  en- 
gaged in  farming  in  Missouri ;  Susan  B.,  married 
to  James  Murphy,  a  retired  Philadelphia  merchant ; 
Rebecca  B.,  married  to  Charles  O.  Morris,  of  Eliz- 
abeth, N.  J.,  now  engaged  in  banking  in  New 
York;  Anna  R.,  married  to  Clinton  Morris,  of 
Elizabeth ;  David,  who  now  owns  and  resides  upon 
the  farm  in  Haddonfield,  owned  by  Mr.  Roe  at  the 


time  of  his  death.  On  this  farm  David,  Jr.,  has 
resided  half  a  century.  He  married  Miss  Ella 
Caldwell,  of  Philadelphia.  Joseph  B.,  who  mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  Caldwell,  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  (Philadelphia)  as  a 
physician  and  surgeon,  and  served  during  the  Re- 
bellion, as  a  surgeon,  in  the  Philadelphia  Hospital. 
Like  all  of  his  brothers,  he  is  a  strong  Republican, 
and  is  the  only  politician  in  the  family.  He  has 
held  various  township  offices,  and  represented  his 
district  in  the  Legislature. 

Samuel  C.  Albeetson  was  born  near  Mount 
Ephraim,  not  far  distant  from  where  William  Al- 
bertson,  the  emigrants  and  his  ancestors  settled, 
and  within  the  limits  of  old  Newton  township. 
He  was  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Rachel  (Collins)  Al- 
bertson,  and  born  February  6,  1 802. 

He  was  apprenticed  to  Stephen  Kirby,  a  tailor 
in  Haddonfield,  and  when  he  attained  his  majority 
went  to  the  city  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 
Finding  the  climate  unhealthy,  he  returned  to 
Philadelphia,  and  was  employed  by  Enoch  Allen 
until  he  removed  to  the  city  of  New  York.  He 
was  among  the  first  to  develop  the  ready-made 
clothing  business  in  that  city,  which  business  has 
now  grown  to  such  large  proportions.  Strict  atten- 
tion and  fair  dealing  in  the  midst  of  a  rapidly  in- 
creasing population  assured  his  success. 

Upon  the  death  of  his  brother  Isaac,  in  1835,  he 
relinquished  his  business  in  New  York  and  re- 
turned to  Haddonfield,  where  he  resided  during 
the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  saw  the  increase  of 
the  metropolis  in  population  and  commerce,  and 
in  his  later  visits  there  scarcely  recognized  many 
of  the  places  formerly  so  familiar  to  him — the 
march  of  improvement  was  so  rapid.  Although 
reticent  about  his  private  affairs,  yet  he  always  re- 
sponded liberally  when  charity  demanded.  He 
never  married  and  died  May  30,  A.D.  1884. 

Fmendship  Fike  Company. — On  March  8, 
1V64,  at  a  meeting  of  the  male  inhabitants  of  the 
town,  a  fire  company^  was  organized.  At  this 
meeting  articles  of  association  were  drawn  up, 
the  preamble  of  which  is  as  follows : 

"The  eighth  day  ot  the  third  month,  called  March,  in  the  year  of 
our  Lord,  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  sixty-four,  we  whose 
Names  are  here  unto  subscribed,  reposing  Special  Confidence  in  each 
other's  Friendship,  Do,  for  the  Better  preserving  our  own  and  our 
Neighbors'  Houses,  Goods  and  effects  from  fire.  Mutually  agree  In 
Manner  following.  That  is  to  say." 

This  is  followed  by  ten  articles  which  recite 
that    each    member    shall    provide    two    leather 

1  The  above  sketch  of  the  company  was  compiled  from  the  minute- 
book  of  the  company,  from  1764  to  1846,  now  in  the  possession  of 
William  H.  Snowdeu. 


afnu^'i 


SeiL 


4 on. 


THE  BOROUGH  OE  HADDONFIELD. 


eif 


buckets,  marked  witt  their  name,  at  his  own 
expense,  and  that  the  company  shall  provide  six 
ladders  and  three  fire-hooks.  The  names  of  mem- 
bers were  Samuel  Clement,  Thomas  Bedman,  Wil- 
liam Griscom,  John  Matlack,  Jr.,  Isaac  Kay,  John 
Hinchman,  Robert  Friend  Price,  John  Langdale, 
Jacob  Clement,  John  Gill,  Thomas  Champion, 
James  Davis,  John  Githens,  Samuel  Clement,  Jr., 
Thomas  Cummings,  Edward  Gibbs,  Hugh  Creigh- 
ton,  Joseph  Collins,  Caspar  Smith,  Benjamin 
Hartley,  Benjamin  Vanleer,  Thomas  Redman, 
Jr.,  Thomas  Edgerton,  Ebenezer  Hopkins,  Thomas 
Githens  and  William  Edgerton. 

At  a  meeting  September  6,  1764,  it  was  agreed 
that  the  ladders  of  the  company  shall  be  stationed 
as  follows :  Two  at  John  Gill's,  two  at  the  old  stable 
and  two  at  Samuel  Clement,  Jr.'s.  September  5, 
1765,  Edward  Gibbs  reported  the  fire-hooks  fin- 
ished, and  presented  his  bill  for  fifteen  shillings 
for  the  same.  At  a  meeting  May  7,  1767,  John 
Langdale,  clerk,  reported  that  he  found  four  of  the 
ladders  at  the  meeting-house,  and  the  other  two  in 
Aspden's  old  loft,  and  that  the  buckets  were  all  in 
good  order.  Joseph  Collins  requested  his  name 
to  be  "  razed  out,"  which  was  granted.  At  a 
meeting  May  7,  1778,  William  Griscom  reported 
his  buckets  "  missing  since  the  late  fire,  and  are 
supposed  to  be  lost."  >  The  company  ordered 
them  to  be  replaced  if  not  found. 

The  members  of  the  company  in  1792  were  Isaac 
Kay,  John  Gill,  Edward  Gibbs,  Hugh  Creigh- 
ton,  Thomas  Redman,  Samuel  Kennard,  Esq., 
Thomas  Githens,  Nathaniel  Clement,  William 
Doughten,  James  Hartley,  Jacob  Cox,  John  Mid- 
dleton,  John  Ward,  Jeremiah  Elfreth,  Benjamin 
H.  Tallman,  Turner  Risdon,  John  Branson,  Evan 
Clement,  William  Foster,  James  Davis,  Samuel 
Clement,  John  Clement,  Isaac  Kay,  John  Githens 
and  John  Roberts. 

New  ladders  were  made  in  1794.  During  the 
years  1795-96  no  meetings  were  held,  and  a  call 
was  made  for  the  7th  of  October,  1797,  which  was 
well  attended  and  new  members  admitted.  On 
March  12,  1808,  there  were  but  ten  members  at 
the  meeting ;  eighteen  new  members  were  admitted. 
Prior  to  this  time  the  company  met  in  the  Friends' 
Meeting-house,  and  from  this  time  in  the  school- 
house.  A  constitution  was  adopted  on  June  9, 
1811,  and  article  first  provided  that  each  member 
should  have  in  his  possession  "  two  buckets  and 
one  bag,  and  string,  consisting  of  three  yards  of 

1  William  Griscom  lived  at  that  time  in  the  house  now  Isaac  A. 
Braddock's.  It  was  used  part  of  the  time  during  the  Bevolution- 
ary  War  m  a  guard-house,  and  a  frame  building  adjoining  was  set- 
on  fire  by  the  Hessians  and  destroyed. 


linen,  at  least  three-quarters  of  a  yard  wide." 
Article  seventh  arranged  for  providing  a  fund  for 
sinking  wells,  and  the  purchase  of  a  hose  and  en- 
gine.    To  this  constitution  there  were  thirty-two 
subscribers.     At  a  special  meeting  held   at  the 
Friends'  Meeting-house,  January  29,  1818,  it  was 
agreed  that  all  money  collected  "  shall  be  appro- 
priated for  the  express  purpose  of  digging  public 
wells  and  putting  pumps  in  them,  in  such  places 
in  the  town  as  shall  be  designated  by  the  com- 
pany."    A  subscription  paper  was  laid  before  the 
meeting  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  an  engine  by 
subscription.     A  committee  was  appointed  to  visit 
the  citizens  for  the  purpose  and  to  examine  and 
inquire  the  cost  of  a  suitable  engine  for  the  town. 
This  committee  reported,  at  a  meeting  February 
19th,  that  they  had  received  subscriptions  to  the 
amount  of  four  hundred  and  thirteen  dollars,  and 
that  they  had  examined  several  engines,' and  rec- 
ommended one  of  Perkins  patent,  which  could  be 
obtained  for  three  hun(Jred  dollars,  with  a  warrant 
for  ten  years,  and  privilege  of  returning  within 
three  years  if  not  satisfactory.  The  committee  was 
authorized  to  purchase  the  engine  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible.    A  committee  was  appointed  to  purchase  a 
lot  on  Main  Street,  between  the  lot  of  Elizabeth 
Rowand  and  Jeremiah    Elfreth's  corner,  for  the 
purpose  of  erecting  an  engine-house.     At  the  next 
meeting,  March  5,  1818,  reports  were  made  that 
the  engine  was  under  contract  to  be   completed 
April  1st,  and  that  the  Friends  offered  to  allow  the 
company  to  occupy  the  grounds  at  the  end  of  their 
horse-sheds,  on  the  east  side  of  the  street,  for  the 
purpose  of  erecting  an  engine-house.     The  offer 
was  accepted,  and  John  Roberts  and  Joseph  Porter 
were  appointed  to  build  the  house  thereon.     At 
this  meeting  it  was  agreed  to  sink  three  wells  in 
the  main  street,  fourteen  feet  from  the  line  of  the 
street, — one  on  the  line  between  Rachel  Hanold's 
and  Elizabeth  Hartley's  (now  property  of  Charles 
H.  Hillman),  one  on  the  line  between  Sarah  Day's 
and  Samuel  Champion's  (now  in  front  of  the  lot  of 
George  Horter),  the  other  one  to  be  at  the  small 
bridge  below  Richard  Dickson's  tavern,  on  the  west 
side  of  the  street.     These  wells  are  all  in  use  and 
provided  with  suitable  pumps.    The  one  in  front 
of  Mr.  Horter's  was  near  the  market-house,  when 
that  was  built  later,  and  is  now  covered  by  a  flag- 
stone.    July  18,  1818,  six  members  were  chosen  as 
engineers,  whose  duty  it  should  be  to  exercise  the 
engine  on  the  last  Saturday  of  every  month,  at 
which  time  the  company  were  to  assist  with  their 
buckets.    Ill  1828  twelve  buckets  were  purchased, 
to  be  placed  in  the  engine-house.    In  1830  a  well 
was  ordered  to  be  sunk  on  the  back  street.    At  a 


618 


HISTOKY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


special  meeting  held  January  16,  1841,  the  engine, 
engine-house,  wells  and  pumps  were  ordered  to  be 
put  in  complete  repair.  A  committee  was  author- 
ized to  invite  the  Rowandtown  Fire  Company  to 
join  the  company.  No  mention  is  made  concerning 
the  Rowandtown  Company  in  later  minutes,  and 
it  is  presumed  the  invitation  was  not  accepted. 
About  1846  a  new  iire-engine  was  purchased 
which  is  the  one  now  in  use. 

The  company  kept  its  organization  until  1851, 
when  it  was  absorbed  into  the  Haddonfield  Fire 
Department,  which  was  incorporated  by  act  of 
Assembly  dated  February  21,  1851,  but  as  the 
department  was  not  organized  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  the  act,  a  supplement  was  passed 
February  7,  1854.  It  is  evident  that  the  depart- 
ment was  not  organized  until  three  years  later, 
February  21,  1857,  when  a  meeting  was  held  at 
the  house  of  Samuel  Githens,  and  the  department 
was  organized  by  the  election  of  Richard  W. 
Snowden,  Esq.,  as  presidejit ;  Jacob  L.  Rowand, 
secretary ;  and  a  treasurer  and  a  board  of  man- 
agers. It  was  agreed  that  one  thousand  dollars  be 
raised  by  tax  for  the  use  of  the  department.  Feb- 
ruary 26th  a  committee  was  appointed  to  make 
inquiries  as  to  the  best  method  to  procure  an 
abundant  supply  of  water,  to  ascertain  cost  of  hose, 
branch-pipes  and  other  fixtures,  and  to  have  the 
public  pumps  of  the  town  put  in  good  repair,  to 
procure  hooks,  chains,  ladders,  hose-carriage  and 
suitable  building  in  which  to  keep  the  supply  of 
the  department.  March  7,  1857,  a  committee  was 
directed .  to  purchase  a  suction-engine  and  three 
hundred  feet  of  copper-riveted  hose.  February  15, 
1858,  the  managers  recommended  to  the  depart- 
ment to  raise  by  tax  three  hundred  dollars  for  the 
purpose  of  erecting  a  new  engine-house  and  for 
other  purposes.  The  board  of  managers  made  an 
annual  report  March  5,  1858,  in  which  they  state 
that  there  were  five  wells,  six  feet  in  diameter  and 
twenty-seven  feet  in  depth,  and  the  old  wells  put 
in  repair ;  fire-engine  repaired,  three  hundred 
and  ten  feet  of  hose,  and  necessary  connections 
and  branch-pipes,  a  set  of  new  ladders,  fire-hooks, 
chains,  and  a  hook-and-ladder  cart,  and  a  house  on 
the  town  lot  voted  at  last  town-meeting  for  lad- 
ders, etc.  The  board  at  this  meeting  called  the 
attention  of  the  department  to  the  dilapidated 
condition  of  the  engine-house,  and  recommended 
that  application  be  made  at  the  next  town-meeting 
for  the  privilege  of  erecting  an  engine-house  on 
the  town  lot  next  to  the  Friends'  grave-yard,  and 
that  three  hundred  dollars  be  raised  by  tax  for  the 
purpose.  Permission  was  granted,  and  an  engine- 
house  was  built  on  the  town  lot,  east  of  the  Town 


Hall,  which  was  used  until  a  few  years  since, 
when  the  present  rooms  were  fitted  for  the  purpose 
in  the  first  floor  of  the  Town  Hall.  The  minutes 
of  the  department  are  missing  from  1858  to  May  1, 
1872.  At  a  meeting  held  on  the  latter  date,  Isaac 
A.  Braddock,  of  a  committee,  reported  the  en- 
gine-house enlarged,  and  a  new  force-pump  pur- 
chased for  one  hundred  and  sixty-nine  dollars, 
which  was  mounted  on  wheels.  June  9, 1874,  it  was 
reported  that  consent  was  given  to  dig  a  cistern 
with  capacity  of  ten  thousand  gallons,  and  also 
the  purchase  of  three  hundred  feet  of  rubber  hose. 
On  the  10th  of  February,  1875,  proposals  were 
made  for  four  new  wells  and  one  cistern  in  the 
town.  They  were  contracted  for  and  completed 
May  1  st  following.  Upon  the  incorporation  of  the 
borough  of  Haddonfield,  in  March,  1875,  the  Fire 
Department  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  borough 
commissioners,  who  have  kept  the  department  in 
good  order.  The  engine  is  available  for  use  and 
supplied  with  hose,  wells  and  other  apparatus. 
The  town  is  supplied  with  wells  and  cisterns,  and 
the  department  is  now  under  the  charge  of  Samuel 
P.  Hunt. 

Old  Tavekns. — The  first  reliable  data  of  a  tav- 
ern-license being  granted  within  the  limits  of  Had- 
donfield is  found  in  the  old  town-book  of  Newton 
township,  in  which  mention  is  made,  in  1733,  of 
Thomas  Perrywebb  being  assessed  as  a  tavern- 
keeper.  He  lived  on  the  corner  of  Ellis  and  Main 
Streets,  on  the  site  of  Clement  &  Giffins'  store.  In 
1737  he  was  a  blacksmith,  and  had  a  shop  at  that 
place.  A  brick  building  which  stood  on  the  west 
side  of  Tanner  Street,  near  Main,  owned  by  Eliza- 
beth Estaugh,  was  used  as  a  tavern  many  years  be- 
fore the  Revolution.  The  house  of  Sarah  Norris, 
on  the  site  of  Aaron  W.  Clement's  house,  was  also 
used  as  a  tavern  before  the  Revolution.  The  pres- 
ent "  American  House  "  was  built,  in  1750,  by  Tim- 
othy Matlack,  who  purchased  the  property  in  1732. 
It  was  sold  soon  after  to  Mathias  Aspden,  by  whose 
son,  Mathias,  it  was  sold,  in  1767,  to  Thomas 
Redman,  who.  May  1,  1777,  conveyed  it  to  Hugh 
Creighton,  who,  in  1754,  was  running  a  fulling- 
mill  in  the  township.  The  Council  of  Safety  and 
the  Legislature  of  New  Jersey  met  in  this  tavern 
before  he  became  the  landlord,  and  several  times 
after,  during  that  year.  Creighton  was  "  mine  host " 
until  1790,  when  he  sold  the  property  to  John  Bur- 
roughs, who  kept  it  until  February  24, 1804,  when 
he  sold  to  Samuel  Denny,  who,  March  28, 1805,  con- 
veyed it  to  John  Roberts.  Denny  was  the  landlord 
and  continued  many  years.  Among  the  landlords 
who  have  since  occupied  this  house  are  Thomas  A. 
Pearce,  Samuel   Githens,    Theodore   Humphries, 


THE  BOROUGH  OF  HADDONFIELD.   ' 


619 


Samuel  0.  Smitt,  Samuel  E.  Shivers,  Edward 
Brick,  Steelman  &  Brick,  John  Plum  and  George 
W.  Stillwell,  who  ia  the  present  landlord,  and  came 
into  possession  February  24,  1874. 

The  present  post-oflBce  building  was  erected  in 
1777  by  Edward  Gibbs,  for  a  tavern,  and  kept  by 
him  during  the  Revolutionary  War  and  later.  In 
1818  it  was  kept  by  Richard  Dickson,  in  1821  by 
Joseph  C.  Stafford,  later  by  Enoch  Clemens,  who 
was  also  postmaster.  Samuel  Githens  was  landlord 
at  this  house  before  taking  the  American.  The  last 
to  keep  the  house  as  a  hotel  was  George  Higbee. 
In  1873  the  town  and  township  voted  "  no  license," 
since  which  time  Haddonfield  has  been  without 
liquor  sold  in  public  places,  and  the  result  proves 
that  a  town  can  thrive  without  it,  despite  the  oft- 
repeated  saying  that  the  sale  of  whiskey  gives  life 
to  a  place. 

The  Post-Offices  and  Postmasters. — The 
first  definite  knowledge  of  the  establishment  of  a 
post-oifice  in  Haddonfield  is  in  the  fact  that  on 
the  12th  of  July,  1803,  John  Clement  was  appointed 
deputy  postmaster,  as  then  termed,  by  Gideon 
Granger,  Postmaster-General  of  the  United  States. 
There  were  at  that  time  no  stage-routes  through 
the  town,  and  mails  arrived  irregularly.  About 
1824  a  route  was  established  between  Haddonfield 
and  Camden,  on  which  coaches  carrying  mails  were 
run  twice  a  week.  About  1828  Joseph  Porter  was 
appointed  and  the  ofiice  was  kept  in  his  store,  then 
on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Potter  Streets.  A  route 
was  soon  after  established  from  Philadelphia  to 
Leeds  Point.  Porter  was  succeeded  by  James  M. 
Glover,  who  kept  store  at  the  same  place.  The 
oflSce  next  passed  to  Enoch  Clemens,  who  kept 
tavern  in  the  present  post-ofiice  building.  He  was 
succeeded  by  Adrian  Paul,  who  removed  the  of- 
fice to  his  store,  now  Clement  &  Giffins.  Mr.  Paul 
was  succeeded  by  James  Jobson,  harness- maker, 
who  moved  the  ofiice  to  his  shop,  then  in  the  Odd- 
Fellows'  Hall  building.  He  was  succeeded  by 
Alfred  W.  Clement  in  1861,  who  kept  the  office  in 
his  store  during  his  incumbency  in  office  for  sev- 
eral terms,  which  extended  to  September,  1885, 
with  the  exception  of  six  months,  when  Jacob  P. 
Fowler  served  as  postmaster,  by  appointment 
under  Andrew  Johnson.  Thomas  Hill,  the  present 
incumbent,  was  appointed  by  President  Cleveland, 
and  removed  the  office  to  the  old  tavern  property, 
where  it  still  continues. 

Incorporation  of  Haddonfield. — The  town 
was  incorporated  as  a  borough  by  an  act  of  Legis- 
lature approved  March  24,  1875. 

The  powers  granted  under  this  act  were  very 
limited^  being  confined  to  the  election  of  five  com- 


missioners, who  were  vested  with  the  powers  of 
township  officers  and  the  right  to  pass  and  enforce 
ordinances  to  regulate  and  light  streets,  grade  side- 
walks, take  measures  to  suppress  fires,  etc.  The 
first  election  was  held  April  6th  of  the  same  year, 
and  the  following-named  persons  were  chosen 
commissioners :  John  H.  Lippincott,  Joseph  F. 
Kay,  Alfred  W.  Clement,  Nathan  Lippincott  and 
Samuel  P.  Hunt.  The  present  board  is  composed 
of  Adrian  C.  Paul,  Joseph  F.  Kay,  Alfred  W. 
Clement,  Samuel  P.  Hunt  and  J.  Morris  Rob- 
erts. 

The  Haddonfield  Library  Company  was 
organized  by  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends  on 
the  Third  Month  5,  1803.  A  meeting  was  held  at 
the  school-house  on  the  meeting-house  lot,  on  the 
date  given  above,  in  pursuance  to  a  public  notice. 
James  Hopkins,  was  chosen  chairman  and  Ste- 
phen M.  Day  secretary.  A  plan  was  proposed 
and  considered  by  paragraphs  and  a  vote  of  the 
meeting  taken  on  each  section.  The  preamble  re- 
cites that  the  company  is  organized  under  the  act 
of  Assembly  dated  November  22,  1794.  Article  4 
declai'es  that  the  trustees  "  shall  not  admit  into  the 
library  any  atheistical  or  deistical  books,  and  as 
the  Society  of  Friends  advise  against  the  reading 
of  plays,  novels  and  romances,  for  the  use  of  this 
class  of  the  members,it  is  further  declared  that  in 
making  choice  of  books  of  those  denominations, 
care  shall  be  taken  not  to  admit  such  as  are  of  vain, 
immoral  or  corrupting  tendency." 

The  names  of  the  nineteen  original  subscribers 
are  Thomas  Redman,  Andrew  Caldwell,  John 
Blackwood,  James  Hurley,.  Joseph  C.  Swett, 
William  E.  Hopkins,  Samuel  Middleton,  John 
Gill,  Samuel  W.  Harrison,  Jacob  Middleton,  Jo- 
seph Griffith,  Josiah  Matlack,  Charles  Collins, 
John  Clement,  Samuel  Zane,  Benjamin  Hop- 
kins, Benjamin  Morgan,  James  Hopkins,  and 
John  Roberts.  The  persons  who  soon  after 
became  subscribers  were  Thomas  Preston,  Edward 
Z.  Collings,  Jacob  Stokes,  John  Githens,  John 
Barton,  John  Branson,  Matthias  Kay,  Robert 
Rowand,  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry,  Daniel  Fortiner, 
John  Burrough,  Jr.,  John  Stokes,  Joseph  Bates 
(inn-keeper),  James  Graysbury,  Joseph  Githens, 
Joseph  Hugg,  Joseph  Champion,  Abraham 
Inskeep,  John  Kay,  Edward  Collins,  Wallace 
Lippincott,  Charles  French,  Aaron  Kay,  James 
Hartley,  Abel  Nicholson,  Samuel  Brown,  Jr.,  Ben- 
jamin Kay,  Joseph  Z.  Collings,  Samuel  Hopkins, 
Joseph  Burrough,  Jr.,  Dr.  Samuel  Bloomfield, 
Mahlon  Matlack,  Samuel  Ellis,  Aquilla  Stokes, 
Joshua  Lippincott,  Richard  Snowden,  David 
Doughten,  Levi  Ellis,  John  Est.  Hopkins,  Isaac 


620 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Glover,  Israel  Morris,  Luke  W.  Morris,  Isaac  Kay 
and  William  Todd. 

The  shares  of  stock  of  the  company  were  placed 
at  eight  dollars  each  ;  the  nineteen  original  sub- 
scribers took  thirty-two  shares.  At  a  meeting 
March  8th  in  the  same  year  John  Clement  was 
chosen  librarian  and  clerk.  A  certificate  of  incor- 
poration was  drawn  up  March  12th,  which  was 
filed  April  4th  following  ;  over  fifty  volumes  were 
presented  to  the  company  by  Andrew  Caldwell, 
John  Evans  and  Joshua  Cresson,  the  last  two 
being  merchants  of  Philadelphia.  A  committee 
was  appointed  to  purchase  books.  The  library 
was  kept  and  meetings  held  in  the  Friends'  School- 
house  from  the  date  of  organization  until  1851. 
From  that  time  until  it  was  located  in  its  present 
rooms,  about  1877,  it  was  kept  at  various  places. 
It  was  provided  in  the  constitution  that  the  library 
should  be  open  from  7  to  9  o'clock  on  each  week 
day  evening,  from  8  to  5  p.m.  on  seventh  day  of 
every  week  and  from  11.80  to  12.30  A.M.  on  every  fifth 
day  of  the  week.  This  provision  has  been  strictly 
complied  with.  In  1817  the  library  had  accumu- 
lated five  hundred  volumes.  On  the  23d  of  No- 
vember, 1854,  the  Haddon  Institute  was  organized 
at  the  Grove  School-house,  for  the  purpose  of  es- 
tablishing a  lecture  course  and  literary  institute. 
On  March  17,  1855,  the  library  company  passed  a 
resolution  uniting  the  library  with  the  institute. 
The  institute  was  short-lived,  closing  in  1856, 
when  the  books  were  again  placed  under  the  man- 
agement of  the  original  company,  and  so  continued 
until  the  present  time.  In  1875  the  Haddonfield 
Library  Company  was  again  incorporated.  It  at 
present  contains  over  sixteen  hundred  volumes 
and  the  number  is  constantly  increasing.  It  is 
now  under  charge  of  the  following  ofiicers: 
Trustees,  John  H.  Lippincott,  Charles  S.  Brad- 
dock,  Charles  Rhoads,  John  Gill,  William  H.  Shy- 
rock,  Joseph  G.  Evans  and  Samuel  A.  Willits ; 
Librarian,  Charles  F.  Redman. 

The  Friends  in  Haddonfield.— The  early 
settlement  of  this  region  of  country  was  on  the 
middle  branch  of  Newton  Creek,  where,  in  1684,  a 
Friends'  Meeting-house  was  built.  Later,  the  Had- 
don estate,  on  the  King's  highway  near  Coopers 
Creek,  became  a  desirable  place  for  location,  and 
many  new-comers  settled  there.  At  the  Friends' 
Meeting  at  Newton  the  propriety  of  organizing  a 
new  meeting  was  considered,  and  about  1720  a  log 
meeting-house,  larger  and  more  comfortable  than 
the  one  at  Newton,  was  built  near  the  King's 
Highway,  and  meetings  were  held  there.  In  1721 
Elizabeth  Estaugh  returned  to  England,  and  pro- 
cured a  deed  from  her  father  for  one  acre  of  land 


on  which  the  meeting-house   was   built.     It  was 
deeded  in  trust  to  William  Evans,  Joseph  Cooper, 
Jr.,  and  John  Cooper.     In  1782  John  Estaugh  and 
Elizabeth,  his  wife  (the  Haddon  property  having 
been  transferred  to  them),  conveyed  to  trustees, 
for  the  use   of  the   Society  of  Friends,  one  and  a 
quarter  acres  adjoining  the  meeting-house  lot.    At 
that  time  the  trustees  were  John  Mickle,  Thomas 
Stokes,    Timothy    Matlack,    Constantine    Wood, 
Joshua  Lord,  Joseph   Tomlinson,  Ephraim  Tom- 
jinson,  Joseph  Kaighn,  John  Hollinshead,  Josiah 
Foster  and  William  Foster.     In  1768  the  remain- 
ing trustees  conveyed  to  John  Gill,  Joshua  Stokes, 
Nathaniel     Lippincott,    Samuel    Webster,    John 
Glover,  James  Cooper,  John  Lord,  John  E.  Hop- 
kins,  John   Brown,   Isaac   Ballinger  and   David 
Cooper,  who  had  been   appointed  to  receive  the 
trust.   In  1828  all  the  trustees  last -mentioned  were 
deceased,  and  Samuel   Webster,   as  oldest  son  of 
Samuel    Webster,  the  survivors   of  the  trustees, 
continued  the  trust  to  others   appointed  for  the 
same  purpose.     In  March,  1754,  the  township  of 
Newton  purchased  of  Elizabeth  Estaugh  a  half- 
acre  of  ground  for  a  burial-place  for  the  poor. 
This  lot  was  found  not  convenient,  and  exchange 
was  made  with   John  E.  Hopkins  for  a  quarter  of 
an  acre  of  land  adjoining  the  Friends'  Meeting- 
house and  burial-lot,  the    deed  for  which  passed 
December  24,  1755;     The  name  "  Poor's  Burying- 
Ground"  after  a  time  became  objectionable,  and 
by  a  vote  of  the  town  authorities  March  8,  1808, 
the   name  was   changed  to  "  Strangers   Burying- 
Ground,''  in  obedience  to  a  request  in  a  memorial 
presented  by  Thomas  Redman  and  other  Friends 
at  the  Town  Meeting.     The  plot  was  placed  under 
their  charge,  embraced  in  their  grounds  and  is  at 
present  a  part  thereof.     In  1760  the  old  log  meet- 
ing-house was  removed  to  the  opposite  side  of  the 
Ferry  road  and  a  brick  house,  more  commodious, 
was  erected  upon  its  site.     This  house  was  in  use 
until  1851,  when  a  tract  of  land  containing  about 
three  acres,  north  of  the  meeting-house  lot,  was 
purchased  and   the  present  brick  meeting-house 
was  erected.     In  1787  the  brick  school-house  was 
built  on  the  west  part  of  the  meeting-house  lot  and 
for  many  years  it  was  the  only  school-house  in  the 
town.     In  it  the  town-meetings  and  elections  were 
held  for  many  years.     A  frame  addition  was  made 
to  it  later  on  the  west  side,  on  which  the  library  of 
the  Haddonfield  Association  was  kept  many  years. 
The  old  building,  having  been  enlarged,  is  still  in 
use  as  a  dwelling  and  school-house. 

The  efibrts  of  George  Keith  in  1689,  when  he 
was  an  earnest  supporter  of  the  faith  and  doctrine 
of  the  Society  of  Friends,  to  endeavor  to  place  the 


THE  BOROUGH  OF  HADDONFIELD. 


621 


society  securely  upon  the  doctrine  of  the  trinity, 
did  not  die  out  with  his  separation  from  the 
society,  as  the  seed  he  then  sowed  grew  slowly  and 
brought  forth  its  fruit  in  the  division  of  the  society 
in  1828.  To  quote  from  William  Hodgson,  a 
Friend :  "  George  Keith  had  been  an  eminent 
instrument  in  the  gathering  of  people  called 
Quakers  from  the  barren  mountains  of  empty 
profession  to  the  green  pastures  and  still  waters  of 
pure,  life-giving  Christianity."  Keith  insisted  that 
the  society  should  clearly  define  the  doctrine  of 
the  inner  light,  which  they  failed  to  do,  and  in 
1691  he  left  the  society  and  in  1692  the  Burlington 
Yearly  Meeting  published  a  declaration  of  disunity 
against  him.  Keith  returned  to  England  and  in 
1700  was  admitted  to  Holy  Orders  in  the  Episcopal 
Church,  returned  to  this  country,  and  with  many 
of  the  Friends  of  rank,  wealth  and  influence,  who 
were  in  sympathy  with  his  views,  united  in  form- 
ing the  Episcopal  Church  in  New  Jersey.  Others 
in  sympathy  with  him  formed  a  society  called 
Keithian  or  Christian  Quakers.  Many  were  dealt 
with  by  the  society  and  disowned.  It  was  not  until 
1827-28  that  the  great  "separation"  occurred  in 
the  society,  when  those  who  believed  with  Elias 
Hicks  became  generally  known  as  the  Hicksite 
Friends  and  their  opponents  as  the  Orthodox 
Friends.  After  this  the  two  branches  continued 
using  the  meeting-house,  divided  by  a  partition, 
until  its  destruction  by  the  Orthodox  Friends,  in 
1851,  when  the  Orthodox  built  their  present  house 
near  the  main  Street  and  the  Hicksites  theirs  on 
Ellis  Street. 

The  Public  Friends  who  have  ministered  to  the 
meeting  at  Haddonfield  have  been  quite  numerous. 
There  were  many  visiting  friends  who  were  prom- 
inent speakers.  It  is  not  known  who  were  the 
regular  speakers  or  ministers  before  1700,  but 
probably  Friends  from  the  meetings  in  Philadel- 
phia or  Burlington.  In  that  year  John  Estaugh 
came  to  this  country  and  in  1702  became  connected 
with  this  meeting,  then  at  Newton.  He  remained 
in  connection  until  his  death,  in  1742.  His  wife, 
Elizabeth,  survived  him  and  died  in  1762.  Han- 
nah, the  wife  of  Joseph  Cooper,  also  a  public 
Friend,  was  a  speaker  in  England  and  in  1732 
married  Joseph  Cooper,  of  Newton  township.  In 
1739  she  went  on  a  religious  visit  to  Barbadoes. 
She  died  in  1754.  John  Griffith,  a  leading  public 
Friend  of  London,  made  a  religious  visit  to  this 
country,  which  extended  from  1736  to  1766.  He 
ministered  several  times  during  that  period  at 
Haddonfield.  His  journal  was  published  in 
London  in  1779.  Thomas  Redman,  the  first  of  the 
name  who  resided  in  Haddonfield,  was  also  a 
75 


public  Friend  and  traveled  much.  He  died  in 
1766.  His  son,  Thomas  Redman,  followed  him 
and  was  a  staunch  supporter  of  the  faith  and 
principles  of  the  Society,  and  for  his  adherence  to 
the  principles  was  imprisoned  in  Gloucester  jail 
eight  weeks,  from  January  20,  1777,  to  March  18th 
following.  Joseph  Tomlinson  came  to  the  country 
about  1686  and  was  in  the  household  of  Thomas 
Sharp.  He  became  a  preacher  and  was  highly 
respected.  He  died  in  1719.  His  son  Ephraira 
was  born  in  1695  and  died  in  1780.  He  was  held 
in  high  estimation  as  a  preacher  and  for  his 
consistent  life.  Joshua  Lord  was  one  of  the 
trustees  of  Woodbury  Friends'  Meeting  in  1696, 
and  also  a  trustee  of  Haddonfield  Meeting  in 
1732.  Joshua  Lord  was  trustee  of  Haddonfield 
Meeting  in  1771.  The  last-named  was  a  prominent 
minister.  Joshua  Evans,  from  about  the  time  of 
the  Revolution,  was  also  a  minister.  He  resided 
on  the  Cuthbert  farm.  Benjamin  Swett  and  his 
wife  were  preachers  of  the  meeting  many  years. 
Elizabeth  L.  Redman,  wife  of  Thomas  Redman 
and  mother  of  John,  Charles  and  Sarah,  was  an 
acceptable  preacher.  The  present  public  Friends 
of  this  Orthodox  Meeting  are  Charles  Rhoades 
and  his  sister  Deborah. 

Marriages. — The  following  is  a  list  of  the  mar- 
riages of  the  Haddonfield  Meeting  as  obtained 
from  the  early  records  from  1720  to  1800 : 

1720.  Timothy  Matlack  to  Mary  Haines. 

Jedediab  Adams  to  Margaret  ChriBtian. 
Joshua  Baper  to  Sarah  Cooper. 
Thomas  Adams  to  Hannah  Sharp. 

1722.  Samuel  Nicholson  to  Sarah  Burrough. 
Thomas  Ellis  to  Catharine  Collins. 

1723.  Samuel  Burrough  to  Ann  Gray. 
Joseph  Mickle  to  Elizabeth  Eastlack. 

1724:.  James  Wills  to  Sarah  Clement. 

Thomas  Sharp  to  Elizabeth  Smith. 
1726.  John  Hudson  to  Hannah  Wright. 

Kobert  Jones  to  Sarah  Siddon. 

Isaao  Albertson  to  Bachel  Haines. 

1726.  John  Burrough  to  Phebe  Haines. 
John  Wills  to  Elizabeth  Kaighn. 

1727.  Joseph  Kaighn  to  Mary  Estaugh. 
Ephi"aim  Tomlinson  to  Sarah  Corbit. 
James  Cattle  to  Mary  Engle,  widow. 

1728.  John  Hainea  to  Jane  Smith. 
Isaac  Knight  to  EUzabeth  Wright. 

1729.  Thomas  Wnght  to  Maiy  Thackara. 
John  Turner  to  Jane  Engle. 

1730.  Timothy  Matlack  to  Martha  Haines. 
Samuel  Sharp  to  Mary  Tomlinson. 
John  Kay  to  Sarah  Ellis. 
Bartholomew  Wyat  to  Elizabeth  Tomlinson. 
David  Price  to  Grace  Zane. 

1731.  Daniel  Morgan  to  Mary  Haines,  widow. 

1732.  William  Mickle  to  Sarah  Wright. 

1733.  Samuel  Abbott  to  Hannah  Foster. 
Thomas  Egerton  to  Sarah  Stephens. 

Richard  Bidgood  to  Hannah  Burrough,  widow. 

1734.  Peter  White  to  Kobecca  Burr. 
1736.  Nathan  Beaks  to  Elizabeth  Hooten. 


622 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


1736.  Edward  Borton  to  Margaret  TomlinsoD. 
Thomas  Bishop  to  Kachel  Matlack. 
Nathan  Lippincott  to  Mary  Engle. 

1736.  Walter  Fawcett  to  Margarett  Killings. 
David  Stratton  to  Mary  Elkiuton. 

1737.  Jacob  Taylor  to  Ann  Andrewe. 
Thomas  Redman  to  Mercy  Gill. 
Jacob  Howell  to  Mary  Cooper. 
Thomas  Thome  to  Mary  Harrison. 

1738.  Thomas  Egerton  to  Esther  Bates. 
1730.  JamesWhitallto  Ann  Cooper. 

Charles  French  to  Ann  Clement. 
Kobert  Stevens  to  Ann  Dent. 
Isaac  Lippincott  to  Hannah  Engle. 
Thomas  Eakestraw  to  Mary  Mason. 

1740.  Jacob  Hinchman  to  Abigail  Harrison. 

1741.  Samuel  Stokes  to  Hannah  Hinchman. 
Thomas  Stokes  to  Abigail  Matlack. 
William  Albertson  to  Jane  Turner. 
Joshua  Stokes  to  Amy  Hinchman. 

1742.  Isaac  Bun-ough  to  Deborah  Jennings. 
John  Ashard  to  Mary  Middleton. 

1742.  Thomas  Hooten  to  Mercy  Bates. 
Samuel  Mickle  to  Latitia  Matlack. 

1743.  Henry  Wood  to  Ruth  Dennis. 
Daniel  Fortinerto  Rebecca  Smith. 
Joseph  Wilkina  to  Sarah  Hartshorn. 
Daniel  Hillraan  to  Abigail  Nicholson. 

1744.  Abraham  Haines  to  Sarah  Ellis. 
Samuel  Nicholson  to  Rebecca  Saint. 
John  Warrington  to  Hannah  EUia. 
Job  Siddou  to  Achsa  Matlack. 

1746.  James  Cooper  to  Deborah  Matlack. 
John  Hillman  to  Hannah  Nicholson. 
Samuel  Noble  to  Lydia  Cooper. 

1747.  William  Miller  to  Elizabeth  Woodward. 
Jacob  Clement  to  Hannah  Albertson. 

1748.  Joseph  Snowden  to  Rebecca  Howell. 
Michael  Lents  to  Rachel  Richardson. 
Samuel  Clement  to  Ruth  Evans. 
Benjamin  Champion  to  Ann  Hewitt. 
William  Matlack  to  Mary  Turner. 
Samuel  Collins  to  Rosanna  Stokes, 

1749.  Samuel  Nicboldson  to  Jane  Albertson  (widow). 
James  West  to  Mary  Cooper. 

Jacob  Stoke&  to  Priucilla  ElHs. 
John  Jaffereys  to  Mary  Butcher. 
Archibald  Mickle  to  Mary  Burrough. 

1750.  Thomas  Hinchman  to  IfStitia  Mickle  (widow). 
Jacob  Ellis  to  Cassandra  Albertson. 

.  John  Branson  to  Sarah  Sloan. 
John  Thome  to  Mary  Gill  (widow).     , 
John  Barton  to  Elizabeth  Champion. 
Jonathan  Fisher  to  Hannah  Hutchison. 
Simeon  Breach  to  Mary  Shores. 

1751.  Jacob  Burrough  to  Sarah  Throne. 
Enoch  Burrough  to  Deborah  Middleton. 
John  Glover  to  Mary  Thorno. 

Joseph  Bispham  to  Elizabeth  Hinchman, 

1752.  Samuel  Hugg  to  Elizabeth  Collins. 
Thomas  Bates  to  Sarah  Pancoast. 
Restore  Lippincott  to  Ann  Lord. 
Charles  West  to  Hannah  Cooper. 
James  Hinchman  to  Sarah  Bickami. 

1753.  Joshua  Evans  to  Priscilla  Collins. 
Nathan  Beaks  to  Lydia  Morgan. 
Robert  Stevens  to  Mary  Kaigliu. 
Jacob  Burrough  to  Cassandra  ElUsv 

1754.  Samuel  Burrough  to  Hannah  Spence. ' 

1755.  John  Hillman  to  Mary  Horner. 
Isaac  Ballingor  to  Patience  Albertson, 

1756.  William  Bates  to  EHxabeth  Hwten. 


1757. 
1758. 


1758. 
1759. 


1761. 


1762. 


1763. 
1764. 


1765. 


1766. 


1767. 


1769. 
1770. 


1771, 

1772. 


1774. 


Isaac  Horner  to  Elizabeth  Kay. 
Josiah  Burrough  to  Sarah  Morgan. 
Caleb  Hughes  to  Abigail  Ellis. 
Samuel  Clement  to  Beulah  Evans. 
Daniel  Tomlinson  to  Mary  Bates. 
John  Buzby  to  Sarah  Ellis. 
Samuel  Tomlinson  to  Ann  Burrough. 
Joseph  Morgan  to  Mary  Stokes. 
Thomas  Thome  to  Abigail  Burrough. 
Samuel  Webster  to  Sarah  Albertson. 
John  Branson  to  Sarah  Sloan. 
John  Starr  to  Eunice  Lord. 
John  Brick  to  Abigail  French. 
Thomas  Champion  to  Deborah  Clark. 
Chatfield  Brown  to  Hannah  Andrews. 
Constantino  Lord  to  Sarah  Albertson. 
John  Sharp  to  Sarah  Andrews. 
Simeon  Zaue  to  Sarah  Hooten. 
Elnathan  Zane  to  Bathsaba  Hartly. 
Jacob  Jenning  to  Mary  Smith. 
Richard  Gibbs  to  Mary  Burrough. 
Jacob  Cozens  to  Esther  Zane. 
John  Mickle  to  Elizabeth  E.  Hopkins. 
James  Brown  to  Catharine  Andrews. 
John  E.  Hopkins  to  Sarah  Mickle. 
Stephen  Thackara  to  Elizabeth  Sloan. 
David  Davis  to  Martha  Cole. 
James  Gardiner  to  Mary  Tomlinson. 
Jub  Kjmsey  to  Elizabeth  Eastlack. 
James  Whitall  to  Rebecca  Matlack. 
Caleb  Lippincott  to  Ann  Vinacomb. 
James  Starr  to  Elizabeth  Lord. 
James  Cooper  to  Mary  Mifflin  (widow). 
Ebenezer  Hopkins  to  Ann  Albertson. 
Jonathan  Knight  to  Elizabeth  Delap. 
William  Cooper  to  Abigail  Matlack. 
Joseph  Burrough  to  Mary  Pine. 
Griffith  Morgan  to  Rebecca  Clement. 
Constantine  Jeffreys  to  Patience  Butcher. 
Isaac  Townsend  to  Katharine  Albertson. 
John  Wilkins  to  Rachel  Wood. 
Josiah  Albertson  to  Elinor  Tomlinson. 
Caleb  Cresson  to  Sarah  Hopkins. 
John  Redman  to  Sarah  Branson. 
Aquilla  Jones  to  Elizabeth  Cooper. 
Joshua  Lippencott  to  Elizabeth  Wood. 
Robert  Cooper  to  Mary  Hooper. 
Mark  Miller  to  Mary  Redman. 
John  Gill  to  Abigail  Hillman. 
Jacob  Haines  to  Bathsaba  Burrough. 
Samuel  Brown  to  Rebecca  Branson. 
Job  Whitall  to  Sarah  Gill. 
Joshua  Cresson  to  Mary  Hopkins. 
James  Sloan  to  Rachel  Clement. 
Jonathan  Iredell  to  Elizabeth  Hillman 
Joseph  Gibson  to  Sarah  Haines. 
Isaac  Buzby  to  Martha  Lippincott. , 
Joseph  Mickle  to  Hannah  Burrough. 
Thomas  Wright  to  Mary  Branson. 
Benjamin  C.  Cooper  to  Ann  Black. 
Amos  Cooper  to  Sarah  Mickle. 
Samuel  Allison  to  Martha  Cooper. 
Geo.  Ward  to  Ann  Branson. 
John  Barton  to  Amy  Shivers. 
Joseph  Reeve  to  Elizabeth  Morgan. 
Benjamin  Catheral  to  Esther  Brown. 
Joshua  Stretch  to  Lydia  Tomlinson. 
Wm.  Zane  to  Elizabeth  Hillman. 
Wm.  Kneas  to  Sarah  Pederick. 
James  Stuart  to  Mary  Ballanger. 
Enoch  Allen  to  Hannah  Collins. 
Joab  Wills  to  Amy  Gill. 


THE  BOROUGH  OF  HADDONFIELD. 


623 


Wm.  Edgarton  to  Tabitba  Harrison. 

John  Haines  to  Hipparchia  Hinchmau. 
Caleb  Lippiucottto  Zilpah  Shiiin. 

1776.  Nathaniel  Barton  to  Rachel  Stokes. 
John  Clement  to  Hannah  Griscom. 
Jonathan  Brown  to  Sarah  Ballinger. 

1777.  Samuel  Tomlinsouto  Martha  Maaon. 
Joshua  Evans  to  Ann  Kay. 

Job  Cowperthwaite  to  Ann  Vickera. 
David  Branson  to  Elizabeth  Evans. 

1778.  Joseph  Burrough  to  Lydia  Stretch. 
Marmaduke  Cooper  to  Mary  Jones. 
Wm.  White  to  Ann  Paul. 

1779.  Samuel  Stokes  to  Hope  Hunt. 
Joshua  Paul  to  Mary  Lippincott. 
James  Hinchmanto  Sarah  Morgan. 
Jededja  Allen  to  Ann  Wilkins. 
Benj.  Test  to  Elizabeth  Thackara. 
Kicbard  Snowden  to  Sarah  Brown. 

1780.  Benj.  Horten  to  Sarah  Snowden. 
Wm.  Lippincott  to  Elizabeth  Fohvell. 
Samuel  Tomlinson  to  Mary  Bates. 

1781.  Peter  Thompson  to  Mary  Glover. 
John  Gill  to  Sarah  Pritchett. 
Robert  Zane  to  Elizabeth  Butler. 
Daniel  Hillman  to  Martha  Ellis. 
Isaac  Ballinger  to  Mary  Bassett. 
John  Webb  to  Amy  Wills. 
Edward  Gibbs  to  Hepsibah  Evans. 

1782.  Joshua  Cooper  to  Abigail  Stokes. 
John  Barton  to  Rebecca  Engevine. 
John  Reeves  to  Beulah  Brown. 
David  Ware  to  Sarah  Shinn. 
Restore  Lippincott  to  Deborah  Ervin, 
Joshua  Harlan  to  Sarah  Hinchman. 

1783.  Zaccheus  Test  to  Rebecca  Davis. 
Isaac  Stiles  to  Rachel  Glover. 
Jacob  Jennings  to  Ann  Hopkins. 
Asher  Brown  to  Mary  Ward. 

1784.  Jaraes  Thackara  to  Jane  Gaunt. 
Charles  Fogg  to  Ann  Bates. 

Wm.  Knight  to  Elizabeth  Webster. 
James  Hopkins  to  Rebecca  Clement. 
Darling  Haines  to  Mary  Lippincott. 
James  Mickle  to  Hannah  Lnrd. 
Jonathan  Morgan  to  Elizabeth  Fisher. 
Daniel  Roberts  to  Hannah  Stokes. 
Abraham  Warrington  to  Rachel  Evans, 
Peter  Thompson  to  Sarah  Stepbenson. 
John  Stuart  to  Deborah  Griscom. 
John  Evans  to  Elizabeth  Browning. 
Isaac  Jonesfto  Sarah  Atkinson. 
Caleb  Atkinson  to  Sarah  Champion. 
Francis  Boggs  to  Ann  Haines. 

1789.  Wm.  Rogers  to  Mary  Davis. 
Joseph  Davis  to  Mary  Haines. 
Wm.  Sateitbwaiteto  Mary  Prior. 
Samuel  Glover  to  Hannah  Albertson. 
John  Thome  to  Mary  Duberee. 

1790.  Thomas  Knight  to  Hannah  Branson. 
Thomas  M.  Potter  to  Mary  Glover. 
Josiah  Kay  to  Elizabeth  Horner. 

1791.  Geo.  Abbott  to  Mary  Redman. 
Samuel  Abbott  to  Martia  Gill. 
Jeremiah  Wood  to  Mai-y  Horner. 

1782.  Joseph  Burrough  to  Martha  Davis. 

John  Gill  to  Susanna  Branson.  » 

1793.  Jesse  Lippincott  to  Mary  Ann  Kay. 

Joseph  Cooper  to  Sarah  P.  Buckley. 
1793.  Marmaduke  Burr  to  Ann  Hopkins. 

Abraham  Silver  to  Sarah  Knight. 

Joshua  Roberts  to  Sarah  Cole. 


1785. 


1788. 


1799. 


The 
when 


1794.  Obediah  Engle  to  Patience  Cole. 
John  Albertson  to  Ann  Pine. 

1795.  Isaac  Ballinger  to  Esther  Stokes. 
Job  Bishop  to  Lardle  Jones. 
Joseph  Kalghn  to  Sarah  Mickle. 
Jesse  Smith  to  Mary  Paul. 
Wm.  E.  Hopkins  to  Ann  Morgan. 

1796.  Joseph  Glover  to  Sarah  Mickle. 
Aaron  Pancoastto  Ann  Cooper. 
Joseph  Bennett  to  Mary  Morgan. 
Reuben  Braddock  to  Elizabeth  Stokes. 

1197.  Jonathan  Knight  to  Elizabeth  Kaighn, 

Peter  Hammit  to  Mary  Duel. 

Joseph  C.  Swett  to  Ann  Clement. 
1798.  Richard  M.  Cooper  to  Mary  Cooper. 

Joseph  Burr  to  Maiy  Sloan. 

Abel  Ashard  to  Ann  Jennings. 

Robert  Rowand  to  Elizabeth  Barton. 

Wm.  Roberts  to  Ann  Brick. 

Isaac  Tborne  to  Rachel  Horner. 

Samuel  Hooten  to  Sarah  Ballanger. 

Mcksite  Friends.^ln  the  years  1827-28, 
Elias  Hicks,  the  exponent  of  the  early 
teachings  of  Robert  Barclay  and  others,  was  trav- 
eling through  the  country,  he  visited  the  Friends* 
Meeting  in  Haddonfield,  and  won  to  his  cause  a 
number  of  the  Friends,  who  at  once  organized  a 
meeting  of  Hicksites,  as  his  followers  were  termed. 
The  feeling  between  the  two  parties  was  such 
that  the  partition  in  the  meeting-house  was  kept 
down,  and  separate  meetings  held  from  that  time 
until  the  destruction  of  the  house,  in  1851,  by  the 
Orthodox  Friends.  A  lot  was  then  purchased  at 
Ellis  and  Walnut  Streets,  and  the  present  brick  . 
meeting-house  erected.  The  public  Friends  who 
have  ministered  to  the  people  of  this  branch  of 
the  society  were  Samuel  Allen  and  Mary,  his  wife, 
both  deceased. 

Haddonfield  Baptist  Church. — The  history 
of  the  Baptist  Church  at  Haddonfield  is  closely 
identified  with  the  Baptist  Churches  of  Mount 
Holly  and  Evesham.  As  early  as  1784  the  Rev. 
Peter  Wilson,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  Church  at 
Hightstown,  Monmouth  County,  occasionally 
preached  at  Mount  Holly,  in  Burlington  County, 
N.  J.  At  intervals  others  of  like  persuasion  offi- 
ciated there,  and  in  1801  a  church  was  organized 
with  thirty-six  members.  About  the  year  1788 
religious  services  were  held  at  the  house  of  Matthew 
Wilson,  in  Evesham  township,  Burlington  County, 
and  afterward  continued,  with  more  regularity,  at 
the  school-house  in  that  neighborhood.  In  1803 
Joseph  Evans  and  Letitia,  his  wife,  and  Rebecca 
Troth  were  baptized,  they  being  the  first  in  that 
region,  and  two  years  after,  the  covenants  were 
adopted  and  a  church  organized  with  forty-five 
members,  many  of  whom  had  been  dismissed  from 
the  church  at  Mount  Holly. 

Among  those  who  connected  themselves  with  the 
church   at   Mount   Holly  was  John  Sisty,  then  a 


624 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


young  man,  and  a  resident  of  that  town.  Yielding 
to  the  persuasions  of  his  associates,  he  occasionally 
addressed  religious  meetings,  which  developed  a  gift 
for  the  ministry.  In  1814  he  was  made  a  licentiate, 
the  next  year  ordained,  and  preached  regularly 
once  in  each  month  at  the  Evesham  Meeting-house 
for  nearly  four  years  and  without  compensation. 
During  this  time  he  removed  to  Philadelphia,  and 
had  his  residence  and  place  of  business  on  the  west 
side  of  Front  Street,  a  few  doors  below  Market 
Street,  and  there  continued  for  many  years.  While 
friends  of  his  own  religious  belief  at  Haddon- 
field,  in  the  year  1817,  requested  him  to 
preach,  with  a  view  of  founding  a  Baptist  Church. 
This  invitation  was  accepted,  and  in  the  afternoon 
of  August  17,  1817,  he  preached  his  first  sermon  in 
the  Grove  School-house.     These   meetings  were 


nil 


SAfeiiiiiiiili 


THE   FIRST   BAPTIST   MEETING-HOUSE. 

BUILT  IN  1818,    TORN  DOWN  IN   1852. 

continued  the  second  and  fourth  Sabbaths  of  each 
month  until  June  11,  1818,  when  a  Baptist  Church 
was  regularly  organized. 

At  that  time  the  Society  of  Friends  was  the  only 
religious  denomination  which  had  stated  meetings 
in  the  village,  and,  it  might  be  said,  in  the  neigh- 
borhood, save,  perhaps,  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  at  Colestown.  The  Grove  School-house, 
in  which  he  conducted  the  first  services,  was  a 
plain  building,  furnished  with  unpainted  desks 
and  with  benches  without  cushions  of  backs.  To 
this  uninviting  and  uncomfortable  place  was  Mr. 
Sisty  taken  when  he  first  sought  to  promulgate  the 
opinions  and  practices  of  his  adopted  church.  In 
this  unpretending  structure,  many  miles  fr.,m  any 


other  in  doctrinal  sympathy,  did  that  good  man 
persevere  in  his  efforts  to  draw  around  him  those 
who  were  willing  to  accept  his  views  of  religion 
and  follow  the  requirements  of  his  creed  as  by  him 
explained.  The  services  were  of  the  simplest 
character,  often  without  the  singing  of  hymns,  for 
there  were  but  few  who  understood  or  had  any 
knowledge  of  music.  He  soon  found,  however, 
that  these  meetings  attracted  attention  and  was 
much  encouraged  to  continue  his  efforts,  with  the 
ultimate  object  of  founding  a  branch  of  the  society. 
In  after-years  Mr.  Sisty  often  spoke  of  the  kind 
and  sympathetic  manner  in  which  he  was  received 
by  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  who 
always  expressed  themselves  as  pleased  with  his 
efforts  and  hoped  that  success  might  attend  him. 
An  organization  was  effected  June  11, 1818,  with 
the  following-named  persons  as 
members:  Chas.  Kain,  Isaac  Cole, 
Samuel  Vanhorn,  John  Fairlam, 
Hannah  Clement,  Maria  Hillman, 
Sarah  Kain,  Ann  Kain,  Elizabeth 
Vanderveer,  Keturah  Eowand. 

Charles  Kain  and  his  wife,  Sarah) 
resided  at  Fellowship,  in  Burling- 
ton County;  Isaac  Cole,  in  Cam- 
den ;  Hannah  Clement,  in  Haddon- 
field ;  and  Ann  Kain,  at  Marlton, 
Burlington  Co.  Elizabeth  Vander- 
veer resided  at  Moorestown,  in  the 
last-named  county ;  John  Fairlam 
and  Samuel  Vanhorn,  near  Coles- 
town  ;  and  Maria  Hillman  and  Ket- 
turah  Rowand  lived  near  Fellow- 
ship. 

Zaccheus  Logan,  Joseph  Evans 
Isaac  Smith,  David  Vanderveer  and 
Charles  Kain  were  selected  as  trus- 
tees to  take  the  title  of  the  lot  which 
was  purchased  of  the  heirs  of  Eliza- 
beth West,  deceased,  by  deed  dated  Feb.  19, 1819,  and 
duly  recorded.  On  this  lot  was  erected  a  neat  and 
comfortable  brick  meeting-house.  The  building, 
when  finished,  presented  a  creditable  appearance, 
and  was  much  admired  by  strangers.  The  entrance 
was  by  a  front-door  and  two  side-doors,  the  latter 
being  used  by  those  coming  in  carriages.  The 
inside  arrangement  was  admirable,  with  a  double 
range  of  pews  in  the  middle  and  a  range  on  either 
side,  next  the  walls,  with  two  side-aisles  to  a  cross- 
aisle,  between  the  side-doors.  The  pulpit  was 
paneled,  but  plain,  and  reached  by  several  steps 
on  either  side,  only  large  enough,  however,  for 
two  persons  to  sit  in  ;  galleries  extended  around 
three  sides  of  the  building  and   furnished  with 


jMi 

i 


THE  BOROUGH  OP  HADDONFIELD. 


625 


benches  throughout.  Two  large  ten-plate  wood- 
stoves  stood  in  the  main  aisles  for  heating  pur- 
poses. The  pews  were  neatly  finished  with  solid 
backs  and  doors,  but  without  paint  and  not  num- 
bered. 

The  collections  were  taken  in  velvet  sacks  at- 
tached to  long  black  handles,  and  were  by  the 
deacons  passed  solemnly  round  near  the  close  of 
the  service.  The  money  in  circulation  in  those 
days  were  the  old  Spanish  coins,  and  twelve  and 
six-penny  bits  generally  made  up  the  sums  con- 
tributed. Open  baskets  were  at  last  substituted 
on  account  of  the  many  pieces  of  spurious  coin 
found  in  the  velvet  sacks  and  placed  there  by 
those  who  had  little  regard  for  the  necessities  of 
the  church.  September  5,  1818,  John  Sisty  pre- 
sented his  letter  of  dismissal  from  the  Baptist 
Church  at  Mount  Holly,  and,  on  August  14,  1819, 
by  a  formal  vote  of  the  church  and  the  pew-hold- 
ers, was  invited  to  become  their  pastor.  At  the 
same  meeting  Charles  Kain  and  Isaac  Coles  were 
selected  as  deacons.  November  13th  following, 
Mr.  Sisty,  by  a  letter,  accepted  the  charge,  his 
services  being  rendered  without  compensation, 
the  church  paying  his  necessary  expenses,  which 
seldom  exceeded  one  hundred  dollars  per  year. 

The  building  was  dedicated  on  the  last  Sabbath 
in  November,  1818,  when  Dr.  Holcom,  Reverend 
Mr.  Gregg,  Mr.  Mahlon  and  Mr.  Cooper  were 
present  with  Mr.  Sisty  to  conduct  the  services. 
These  were  novel  and  interesting  in  a  Quaker 
neighborhood,  where  formality  of  any  kind  on 
such  occasions  was  studiously  avoided.  Visitors 
came  from  all  the  country-side,  and  under  the  per- 
suasive eloquence  of  the  eminent  speakers,  con- 
tributed liberally  towards  the  payment  of  the  out- 
standing debt.  It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that 
broad-brimmed  hats  and  plain  bonnets  were 
scattered  through  the  congregation,  and  although 
not  of  those  who  then  gave,  were  known  to  be  in 
sympathy  with  the  enterprise  and  hoped  for  its 
success. 

It  is  proper  to  record  something  of  the  constitu- 
ent members  of  the  church.  Charles  Kain  was 
baptized  at  Salem,  New  Jersey,  in  the  twentieth 
year  of  his  age,  by  the  Kev.  Job  Sheppard,  and 
became  a  member  of  the  church  at  that  place. 
The  next  year,  1813,  be  removed  to  Philadelphia, 
and  by  letter  joined  the  Rev.  Dr.  Holcom's  church 
in  that  city.  In  1816  he  came  to  New  Jersey 
again  and  worshipped  with  those  of  the  Old  Cause- 
way Meeting-House,  near  Marlton,  Burlington 
County,  and  there  remained  until  he  became  one 
of  the  constituent  members  of  the  church  at  Had- 
donfield.    He  is  remembered  as  leading  the  sing- 


ing, to  which  place  he  was  chosen  as  clerk  and 
acceptably  filled  it  for  several  years. 

Isaac  Cole,  who  lived  in  Camden,  was  an  active 
member,  was  liberal  to  the  church  and  acted  as 
treasurer  for  several  years.  He  gradually  became 
interested  in  the  church  in  Camden,  and  believing 
that  his  usefulness  lay  in  that  direction,  requested 
his  letter,  which  was  granted  February  28,  1836, 
that  he  could  properly  connect  himself  therewith. 

Hannah  Clement,  educated  and  baptized  as  a 
member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  at 
Chews  Landing,  a  few  miles  from  Haddonfield, 
was  convinced  of  the  faith  and  practices  of  the 
Baptists  under  the  preaching  of  Dr.  William 
Staughton  while  residing  in  Philadelphia.  She 
became  a  member  of  the  First  Baptist  Church  of 
that  city  and  was  dismissed  therefrom  June  11, 
1818,  to  connect  herself  with  the  Haddonfield 
Church.  She  was  the  first  resident  Baptist  in  the 
town,  and  used  her  best  efforts  towards  planting 
the  church  there. 

She  was  the  wife  of  John  Clement,  who  took 
much  interest  in  the  enterprise  and  acted  as  cash- 
ier during  the  erection  of  the  house.  At  morning 
and  evening  service  he  could  always  be  seen  in  his 
seat  at  the  head  of  his  pew,  and  through  all  the 
mutations  of  the  church  he  regularly  occupied  the 
same  place,  and  only  abandoned  it  when  he  found 
his  remonstrances  would  not  avail  to  prevent  the 
taking  down  of  the  building  he  had  assisted  to 
erect  and  maintain.  He  could  not  be  convinced 
of  the  need  of  such  a  change,  which  would  entail 
a  heavy  debt  and  not  add  very  much  to  the  seat- 
ing capacity.  His  wife  was  alike  jealous  of  any 
innovation  that  endangered  the  ancient  landmarks 
and  was  likely  to  weaken  or  destroy  them.  She 
looked  suspiciously  upon  any  change  in  the  old 
forms  of  worship,  and  held  fast  to  the  ways  of  the 
fathers.  She  lived  to  see  the  small  beginnings  at 
the  Grove  School-house  come  to  be  a  large  and 
influential  society.  She  died  an  exemplary  Chris- 
tian. 

Elizabeth  Vanderveer  was  the  wife  of  David 
Vanderveer,  a  residint  of  Moorestown,  some  six 
miles  from  Haddonfield.  Through  her  influence 
several  other  families  came  from  the  same  town  and 
neighborhood,  and  were  pew-holders  in  the  church. 
After  the  death  of  her  husband  she  was  dismissed, 
November  29,  1838,  and  took  her  letter  to  the 
Tenth  Baptist  Church  of  Philadelphia,  to  which 
city,  with  her  children,  she  went  to  reside. 

John  Fairlam  was  a  farmer  residing  near  Coles- 
town,  and  rendered  what  assistiance  his  limited 
means  would  allow  towards  the  new  enterprise. 
He  was  baptized  by  John  Sisty  in  1817,  and  be- 


626 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


came  a  member  of  the  Old  Causeway  Meeting, 
and  was  dismissed  therefrom  to  join  the  organiza- 
tion at  Haddonfield.  He  was  separated  from  the 
church  and  became  chorister  at  Colestovvn. 

Samuel  Vanhorn,  also  a  farmer  and  residing 
near  Colestown,  was  baptized  by  John  Sisty  in 
1818,  and  always  remained  a  consistent  member  of 
the  denomination. 

Sarah  Kain,  wife  of  Charles,  was  also  baptized 
by  John  Sisty,  and  was  ever  after  an  upright  and 
faithful  member  among  her  associates.  She  was 
anxious  that  her  children  should  follow  in  her 
footsteps,  and  had  the  pleasure  in  her  declining  years 
to  know  that  her  precept  and  example  had  done 
much  for  them. 

Ann  Kain,  sister  of  Charles,  was  baptized  by 
John  Sisty.  She  afterwards  married  Samuel  Wil- 
kins,  and  for  several  years  lived  in  Haddonfield, 
and  then  removed  to  Woodbury,  Gloucester  Coun- 
ty. With  her  husband  and  family  she  returned  to 
the  village,  where  she  died  in  full  membership 
with  the  church,  having  never  removed  her  letter 
therefrom. 

Keturah  Eowand,  wife  of  Joseph  Eowand,  and 
sister  of  Isaac  Coles,  was,  with  her  husband,  a 
member  of  the  Old  Causeway  Meeting.  She  was 
zealous  in  the  cause  of  religion,  and  through  her 
influence  many  were  induced  to  join  the  church. 

Maria  Hillman  resided  near  Haddonfield,  and 
although  not  a  conspicuous  member,  was  generally 
found  in  her  place  and  ready  to  assist  in  every 
good  work. 

The  grave-yard  in  the  rear  of  the  church  brings 
back  many  sad  recollections.  About  one-half  of 
the  first  purchase  of  land  was  laid  out  with  two 
avenues  and  a  range  of  lots  on  the  right  and  left 
of  each.  The  pew-holders  had  the  choice  of  lots, 
and  such  as  paid  four  years  in  advance  for  their 
seats  in  the  church,  were  given  the  lot  selected 
without  other  consideration. 

In  later  years  this  home  of  the  dead  has  been 
much  enlarged,  and  the  outlines  of  the  original 
yard  are  almost  obliterated.  The  first  funeral  here, 
tradition  says,  was  that  of  Lieutenant  Nicholson, 
of  the  United  States  navy,  who  died  in  the  neigh- 
borhood, where  he  was  boarding.  He  is  remem- 
bered as  a  martinet  in  dress,  and  a  genial  com- 
panion, but  a  victim  to  intemperance  which  unfitted 
him  for  duty.  His  habits  were  a  great  mortifica- 
tion to  his  family,  and  "after  his  burial  no  friend  or 
relative  was  ever  known  to  visit  his  grave.  His 
remains  were  laid  in  the  northeast  corner  of  the 
yard,  but  through  long  neglect  the  particular  spot 
has  been  lost  sight  of. 

The  custom  of  Friends  had  its  influence,  and 


many  of  the  first  graves  are  without  monuments, 
and  hence  lost  sight  of.  In  the  old  part  may  be 
seen  the  graves  of  several  of  the  founders  of  the 
church,  and  among  them  that  of  John  Sisty,  who 
provided  that  his  remains  should  be  laid  within 
the  bounds  of  the  place  he  loved  so  much.  Here 
are  the  plain,  unpretending  stones,  showing  where 
lay  those  who  were  active  and  useful  in  their  gen- 
eration, and  whom  their  descendants  have  reason 
to  love. 

Something  about  the  baptisms,  or,  more  properly 
speaking,  the  immersions,  should  be  written.  The 
first  baptism  in  connection  with  this  church  took 
place  on  September  13,  1818,  and  the  persons  im- 
mersed were  Samuel  Lippincott,  John  S.  Wilmot, 
Clariasa  Laconey  and  Sarah  Sleeper.  Baptisms 
occurred  on  Sabbath  mornintf,  and  generally  at 
Evans'  Mill  pond,  above  the  dam,  but  sometimes 
below  the  flood-gates,  when  the  ice  was  too  thick 
on  the  pond. 

In  1837,  after  much  opposition,  the  old  house 
was  remodeled  at  a  considerable  expense;  the 
pulpit  was  removed,  the  floor  lowered,  the  railing 
around  the  galleries  was  replaced  by  panel-work 
and  the  old  chandelier  and  side-lights  taken  away. 
The  wood-stoves  were  banished  and  better  heating 
apparatus  substituted,  and  the  whole  inside  of  the 
church  handsomely  and  tastefully  painted.  The 
next  year  a  frame  addition  was  built  in  the  rear, 
in  which  the  business  meetings  and  Sunday-school 
were  held,  and,  although  not  very  sightly,  fur- 
nished the  much-needed  space  necessary  to  the 
increased  membership. 

Anno  Domini  1838  was  an  eventful  year.  Feb- 
ruary 17th  the  Reverend  Timothy  Jackson  was  in- 
vited to  conduct  a  series  of  meetings,  which  ex- 
tended over  twenty-three  days  and  evenings,  and 
ended  in  some  eighty  persons  being  baptized.  He 
was  a  remarkable  man  as  a  sermonizer  and  ex- 
horter,  and  crowds  followed  him  wherever  he 
preached.  He  was  popular  among  the  people  and 
his  services  were  always  in  demand.  This 
strengthened  the  church  in  numbers  and  increased 
its  zeal,  through  which  its  influence  was  enlarged 
and  much  good  done. 

August  18,  1837,  a  desirable  lot  of  land  on  the 
east  was  purchased,  which  gave  much  more  space 
on  that  side  of  the  house  and  nearly  doubled  the 
number  of  lots  in  the  grave-yard. 

The  most  important  event  of  this  year  was  the 
resignation  of  John  Sisty  as  pastor.  Nothing  can 
better  express  his  feelings  relating  to  this  subject 
than  the  words  written  with  his  own  hand.  They 
are  as  follows . 

"Eesigned  my  pastoral  charge  of  the  Baptist  Church  in  Had- 


THE  BOKOUGH  OF  HADDONFIELD. 


627 


donfield,  Scptomber  30th,  183S.  But  few  churches  and  ministers 
continue  so  long  in  harmony  and  unbroken  friendship.  Much  im- 
perfection and  unworthinesa  have  marked  the  tenure  of  my  way, 
but  by  the  grace  of  God  we  are  Avhat  we  are.  J.  Sisty." 

As  the  church  property  increased  in  extent  and 
value,  it  was  deemed  prudent  that  the  membership 
should  become  an  incorporated  body,  according  to 
the  laws  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey  in  such  cases 
made  and  provided,  and  December  15th,  of  this 
year,  a  resolution  to  this  effect  was  passed.  March 
16,  1839,  Charles  Kain,  Daniel  Fortiner,  James  G. 
"Webster,  John  Osier,  John  G.  Shivers,  Thomas 
Marshal]  and  Thomas  Ellis  were  chosen  as 
trustees,  and  July  20th  following  took  the  obliga- 
tion of  office. 

The  numbers  went  on  increasing,  and  as  evi- 
dence of  the  earnestness  and  vitality  of  this  body 
of  professing  Christians,  it  is  only  necessary  to 
notice  the  several  churches  that  can  trace  their 
beginning  to  those  who  were  attached  to  the  Bap- 
tist Church  in  Haddonfield.  To  name  them 
chronologically,  the  church  at  Moorestown  was 
founded  in  1837  by  members  from  this.  In  a  short 
time  a  house  was  built  and  now  it  has  a  large  num- 
ber of  adherents.  In  1839  a  few  others  were  dis- 
missed to  establish  one  at  Marlton,  which,  after 
some  opposition  from  the  Old  Causeway  Meeting, 
was  organized  and  has  always  been  prosperous. 

In  1841  others  of  the  church,  in  connection 
with  a  few  from  Marlton,  sought  to  draw  around 
them  a  congregation  at  Medford,  and,  although 
much  «ffort  was  made,  it  was  not  as  successful  as 
those  before  named.  In  1843  preaching  by  regular 
appointment  was  had  at  Newton,  and  a  house 
erected,  but  dissessions  crept  in  and  disappoint- 
ments followed.  In  1848,  with  better  success,  a 
few  of  the  members  residing  near  Blackwoodtown 
established  themselves,  obtained  a  house  and  se- 
cured stated  preaching  in  that  village.  A  few  years 
after  a  like  effort  was  made  at  Tansboro',  since  re- 
moved to  Berlin,  where  a  respectable  congregation 
always  attends. 

The  Sunday-school  was  organized  at  the  same 
time  as  the  church,  and  John  Gill,  an  elder  in  the 
Society  of  Friends,  was  chosen  the  first  president, 
again  showing  the  sympathy  and  kind  feeling  that 
existed,  between  these  religious  denominations.  It 
was  always  well  sustained  and  brought  within  its 
influence  and  control  many  who  in  after-years  be- 
came valuable  members  of  the  church. 

The  Eev.  C.  C.  Park  followed  Mr.  Sisty  as  pas- 
tor, with  a  salary  fixed  at  four  hundred  dollars. 
In  1840  the  Eev.  Charles  Wilson  took  the  place  of 
Mr.  Park.  He  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  Marvin 
Eastwood  in  1844,  who  remained  until  1847,  when 


the  Rev.  Orion  H.  Caperon  was  called.  On  account 
of  bad  health  he  remained  but  a  short  time,  when 
the  Eev.  William  H.  Brisbane  supplied  the  church. 
This  last  person  was  an  attractive  speaker  and  in- 
creased the  attendance  during  his  short  stay.  As 
his  pastorate  was  understood  to  be  limited,  he  was, 
in  1848,  followed  by  the  Rev.  William  Hires. 

In  1850  the  Eev.  Samuel  B.  Willis  was  settled 
and  remained  for  about  one  year,  when  the  Eev. 
Alfred  S.  Patton  succeeded  him.  During  his  ad- 
ministration the  subject  of  erecting  a  larger  and 
more  commodious  building  was  seriously  consid- 
ered, which  movement  was  bitterly  opposed  by  the 
older  members  and  many  of  the  congregation. 
Those  in  favor  of  this  step  argued  that  thirty  years 
had  increased  the  attendance  so  much  that  the  old 
building  had  not  sufficient  capacity,  and  that  its 
architecture  and  appearance  were  entirely  behind 
the  age. 

On  the  other  hand,  it  was  regarded  as  the  bold- 
est vandalism  to  tear  down  the  building  so 
much  venerated  by  those  who  assisted  in  its  erec- 
tion, and  who  had  for  so  many  years  contrib- 
uted to  its  support,  with  which  the  better  days  of 
the  church  were  identified.  The  progressive  ones 
refused  to  be  convinced,  and  in  the  order  of  time 
the  old  house  was  razed  to  its  foundations  and  an- 
other one  soon  arose  in  its  place. 

The  old  meeting-house  was  torn  down  in  July, 

1852,  and  the  corner-stone  of  a  new  church  was 
laid  August  12th  following,  with  appropriate  ser- 
vices. Addresses  were  made  by  the  Rev.  John 
Sisty,  Eev.  Joseph  H.  Kennard,  Eev.  Stephen 
Remington  and  the  Rev.  J.  Dowling,  D.D.  The 
church  was  built  of  brown  stone,  and  was  forty- 
two  by  sixty-five  feet,  surmounted  by  a  steeple 
one  hundred  and  twelve  feet  high,  containing  a 
bell.     The  lower  room  was  dedicated  January  1, 

1853,  and  the  auditorium  in  June  following. 

As  pastors  the  Rev.  Mr.  Latham  followed  Alfred 
S.  Patton  in  1855  ;  Mr.  Meesou  in  1856,  and  the 
Rev.  James  E.  Wilson  in  1857.  When  he  resigned, 
in  1861,  the  Rev.  Robert  F.  Young  was  called  to 
fill  his  place. 

By  death  and  removals  the  board  of  trustees  has 
been  changed  at  different  times,  but  now  consists 
of  Isaac  M.  Kay,  Joseph  F.  Kay,  Benjamin  F. 
Fowler,  George  D.  Stuart,  Joseph  S.  Garrett, 
Aaron  C.  Clement  and  Isaac  P.  Lippincott. 

With  the  removal  of  the  old  building  it  is  proper 
that  this  sketch  should  end  ;  but  it  may  be  inquired 
what  time  and  circumstances  have  done  with  the 
constituent  members,  since  they  assembled  to  plant 
the  seed  that  has  yielded  such  a  harvest.  John 
M.  Fairlam  was  excluded  in    1821 ;    Maria   Hill- 


628 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


man  was  dismissed  to  another  church  in  1825; 
Hannah  Clement  died  in  1834;  Isaac  Coles  took 
his  letter  to  Camden  in  1836 ;  Elizabeth  Vander- 
veer  to  Philadelphia,  in  1838  ;  Charles  Kain  and 
Sarah,  his  wife,  were  dismissed  to  Marlton  in  1839 ; 
Keturah  Rowand  died  in  1842 ;  Ann  Kain  (after- 
wards Ann  Wilkins)  died  in  Haddonfieldin  1864; 
and  Samuel  Vanhorn,  by  reason  of  old  age,  was 
prevented  from  active  service,  but  died  in  unity 
with  the  church. 

John  Sisty  had  dissolved  his  official  connection 
with  the  church  at  the  time  before  named,  but  re- 
tained his  interest  in  its  welfare,  and  did  much  in 
after-years  to  heal  dissensions  and  preserve 
brotherly  love.  He  was  always  a  welcome  visitor, 
and  received  with  the  greatest  respect  by  the  mem- 
bers. He  died  in  1863,  surviving  all  save  one  of 
his  contemporaries  in  this  undertaking.  He  was 
generally  present  at  the  installations  of  the  new 
pastors,  and  charged  them  as  to  their  solemn  and  im- 
portant duties,  never  forgetting  to  remark  that 
short,  pithy  sermons  were  more  popular  than  long, 
prosy  discourses. 

The  church  that  in  1818  began  with  ten  mem- 
bers, has  increased  in  the  sixty-eight  years  of  its 
existence  to  three  hundred  and  ninety-one. 

The  Eev.  Robert  F.  Young  served  this  church 
until  his  death,  January  5,  1884,  after  a  pastorate 
of  twenty-two  years.  In  May,  1884,  Eev.  Henry 
A.  Griesemer  became  pastor  of  this  church,  and 
still  remains. 

A  lot  on  the  Main  Street  was  procured  in  the 
spring  of  1885,  and  on  the  17th  of  July,  in  that 
year,  the  corner-stone  of  a  new  house  of  worship 
was  laid  with  appropriate  ceremonies. 

The  plan  of  the  church  was  designed  by  Isaac 
Percell,  of  Philadelphia,  and  is  in  the  Gothic 
order  of  architecture.  It  is  built  of  stone.  The 
audience-room  is  large  and  commodious,  with  a 
lecture-room  to  the  rear.  The  lecture-ronm  was 
opened  for  use  on  the  first  Sunday  in  January, 
1886,  and  it  is  intended  to  dedicate  the  audience- 
room  when  the  outstanding  debt  is  provided  for. 
The  entire  cost  of  edifice  and  grounds  is  about 
thirty-two  thousand  dollars. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Chtjech. — Relig- 
ious meetings  were  held  in  the  open  air  at  Rowan d- 
town  about  1797,  at  which  Ezekiel  Cooper,  a  Metho- 
dist of  Philadelphia,  preached  occasionally.  Be- 
tween the  years  1800  and  1810  a  Methodist  meet- 
ing-house, about  twenty-five  by  thirty-six  feet,  was 
built  at  Snow  Hill  by  both  white  and  colored 
people.  It  was  used  hy  them  until  1815,  when  a 
separation  took  place,  and  the  white  people  built 
a  church  at  Greenland.  The  fir.-t  sermon  preached 


under  the  auspices  of  the  Methodist  Society  in 
Haddonfield  was  by  John  P.  Curtis  in  1850.  He  is 
now  living  in  Greenland  at  an  advanced  age.  The 
services  were  held  in  the  Baptist  Church  at  the  re- 
quest of  Rev.  John  Sisty,  who  was  then  the  pastor 
of  that  ehurch.  Mr.  Curtis  was  soon  after  fol- 
lowed by  others  who  preached  in  the  old  Grove 
School-house.  The  first  Methodist  people  to  reside 
in  the  town  were  Richard  Stafford  and  his  wife,  who 
lived  on  the  site  of  Willard'a  Drug  Store.  The 
ministers  on  the  Burlington  Circuit  in  1825  were 
Jacob  Gouber  and  Wesley  Wallace.  The  circuit 
then  extended  from  Burlington  to  Cape  May. 

The  Grove  School-house  was,  by  resolution  at  the 
time  it  was  built,  declared  to  be  open  for  the  use  of 
all  sects,  and  even  if  school  was  in  session  and  appli- 
cation was  made  for  preaching,  the  school  should 
at  once  be  dismissed.     About  1825,  when  the  min- 
ister of  the  Methodist  Society  visited  Hiddonfleld, 
application  was  made  for  the  school-house  in  which 
to  hold  services.  Some  parties  refused  to  admit  the 
minister  and   locked   the  doors.     John   Clement 
ordered  the  door  unlocked,  which  was  finally  done. 
In  1827  George  Wooly,  then  on  (he  Burlington 
Circuit,  requested  John  P.  Curtis  to  transact  some 
church  business  at  Snow  Hill,  he  not  having  au- 
thority, but  as  far  as  permitted,  conferred  upon 
John  P.  Curtis  the  title  of  bishop,  a  name  which  some 
of  his  old  associates  still  cling  to.     John  P.  Curtis 
was  a  member  of  a  class  under  John  Hood,  the 
first  class-leader  of  Philadelphia.     A  class  was  or- 
ganized in  Haddonfield  in  the  year  1830,  with  the 
following  members :  Charles  Lippincott  and  wife, 
Russell  Millard  and  wife,  Sarah  A.  Lippincott, 
Richard  Stafford,  Rachel  Stafford,  Mary  Walker, 
Elizabeth    Matlack,   Esther  Ann   Reeves,  Sarah 
Boker,  James  Rhoads,  Hope  Rhoads,  Thomas  Pit- 
man, Hampton  Williams,  Mary  Willis,  Rebecca 
Van  Dodd,  Mary  Ann   Connell,  Sarah  Hillman, 
Keziah  Stafford,  Anne  M.  Pitman,  John  Clark, 
William  England,  Priscilla  Obes,  James  Hopkins, 
Atlantic  Kelly,  Mary  Ann  Elbertson,  Phoebe  Ann 
Guthrie,  Hannah  Kendall,  Wesley  Armstrong,  Ann 
Chew,  Sarah  Matlack  and  Atlantic  West. 

Meetings  were  held  generally  in  the  school-house 
until  the  erection  of  a  church  at  the  east  end  of 
the  village,  in  1885.  It  was  dedicated  in  August  of 
that  year  by  Rev.  R.  E.  Morrison,  then  in  charge. 
This  house  was  used  until  1857,,  when  it  was  de- 
molished, and  the  present  church  built  on  the  cor- 
ner of  Grove  and  Main  Streets.  The  first  effort 
towards  the  erection  of  a  new  church  was  made  at 
the  meeting  of  the  Quarterly  Conference,  October 
30,  1852.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  purchase 
a  lot.     They  reported  on  September  8, 1853,  that  a 


THE  BOROUGH  OF  HADDONFIELD. 


629 


brick  house,  forty-three  by  sixty-five  feet,  could  be 
built  for  four  thousand  dollars.  A  committee  was 
appointed  to  ascertain  the  best  plans  and  to  dispose 
of  the  old  church  property.  In  1856  a  building  com- 
mittee was  appointed  ;  a  lot  was  purchased  on  the 
corner  of  Grove  and  Main  Streets. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  ministers  who  served 
on  the  Burlington  Circuit  after  Haddonfield  be- 
came a  station.  Haddonfield  became  a  regular 
preaching-place  in  1825,  under  Jacob  Gruber  and 
William  Wallace,  presiding  elders.  In  that  year 
Eiley  Barrett,  David  DufiFell,  Andrew  Jenkins  and 
Isaiah  Toy  preached  in  the  Grove  School-house. 
Robert  Gary,  a  junior  preacher,  assisted  in  the 
services : 


1845-46.    Z.  Gaskill. 

1847.  B.  Weed. 

1848.  Kobert  Given. 
G.  A.  Baybold. 

1840.  James  B.  Dobbius. 
1850-51.  Levi  Herr.       , 
1852-63.  A.  S,  Brioe. 
1854.  Samuel  M.  Hudson. 
1855-66.  J.  K.  Bryan. 
1857-58.  Samuel  B.  Post, 
1859-60.  Jacob  B.  Graw,  D.D. 
1861-62.  Aaron  E.  Ballard. 
1863.  Albert  Atwood. 
1864-65.  Benjamin  F.  Woolston. 
1866.  Charles  R.  Hartranft. 
1867-68.  Kobert  S.  Harris. 
1869-70-71.  Williams.  Zane. 
1872-73-74.  J.  Stiles. 

Levi  Herr. 
1876-76.  James  G.  Crate. 
1877-78.  Charles  H.  Whitecar. 
1879-80-81.  James  H.  Mickel. 
1882-83-84.  Daniel  B.  Harris. 
1886-86.  William  Pittinger. 


1826.  George  Wooly. 
Kobert  Gary. 

1827.  George  Wooly. 
Sovereign. 

1828.  Henry  Boehm. 
L.  M.  Prettyman. 

1829.  Henry  Boehm. 
W.  W.  Tolks. 

1830.  Daniel  Parish. 
Wm.  J.  Wilmer. 

1831.  John  Walker. 
Jefferson  Lewis. 

1832.  John  Walker. 

1833.  E.  Page 
Da^'id  Bartine. 

1834.  William  Gammel. 
1836.  John  P.  Curtis. 

M.  German. 
1836.  E.  Stout. 

C.  Jacquett. 

1838.  James  Long. 
J.  B.  McKeever. 

1839.  James  Long. 
W.  A.  Brooks. 

1843-44.  George  A.  Kaybold. 

In  1839  the  Haddonfield  Circuit  was  formed  and 
included  several  churches,  the  aggregate  member- 
ship of  which  then  was  five  hundred  and  fifty-two 
whites  and  seventy-two  colored  persons. 

Grace  Episcopal  Church. — According  to  the 
journal  of  the  convention  of  the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church  in  New  Jersey  for  1842,  the  Rev.  An- 
drew Bell  Patterson,  rector  of  Trinity  Church, 
Moorestown,  N.  J.,  began  holding  services  and 
preaching  in  Haddonfield  September  5,  1841. 
These  services  were  held  in  a  building  locally 
known  as  the  Grove  School-house,  which  is  now 
used  for  school  purposes  for  colored  children. 

On  Monday,  April  4th,  Bishop  Doane  visited 
Haddonfield  and  preached  in  the  evening  in  the 
Baptist  meeting-house.  It  was  his  intention  to  lay 
the  corner-stone  of  the  church  building,  but  he  was 
prevented  by  a  severe  rain-storm.  A  lot  had  been 
purchased,  and  on  March  28,  1842,  was  conveyed 
by  John  Clement  to  Joseph  Fevvsmith  and  Chas. 
76 


D.  Hendry,  M.D.,  trustees  for  the  congregation.  On 
April  11th  the  corner-stone  was  laid  with  appro- 
priate services  by  Rev.  Andrew  Bell  Patcerson,  the 
rector  in  charge.  The  building  was  consecrated 
by  Bishop  Doane,  September  29,  1842,  being  the 
"  Festival  of  St.  Michael  and  all  the  Angels.''  The 
following  is  the  charter : 

"  Haddonfield,  April  20th,  1843. 
"  To  all  wliom  these  PresenU  may  Concern. 
"  We  whose  names  and  seals  are  hereto  affixed  do  certify.  That 
the  congregation  of  Grace  Church,  in  Haddonfield,  in  the  County 
of  Gloucester,  and  State  of  New  Jeraey,  which  is  a  Society  worship- 
ing according  to  the  customs  and  usages  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church,  desiring  to  form  themselves  into  a  Body  Corporate,  accord- 
ing to  the  act  of  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  New  Jeraey  in  such 
case  made  and  provided,  met  in  Grace  Church  aforesaid  on  the  sev- 
enteenth day  01  April,  in  the  year  of  Our  Lord,  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  forty-three,  pursuant  to  ten  days'  previous  notice  given 
afl  the  intention  of  said  Congregation  to  form  themselves  into  a  body 
corporate  by  an  advertisement  set  up  in  open  view  on  the  outer  door 
of  said  Grace  Church,  it  being  the  place  where  said  congregation 
usually  assemble  for  Divine  service,  which  notice  designated  the  day 
when,  and  the  place  where,  they  designed  to  meet  for  that  purpose. 
There  being  no  Kector  or  Minister  present,  Doctor  Charles  D.  Hen- 
dry, Esq.,  one  of  the  Church  Vestry,  presided,  and  Benjamin  M. 
Roberts,  the  Secretary,  recorded  the  proceedings. 

"  The  Congregation  then  proceeded,  by  a  vote  of  the  majority  of 
those  present,  to  designate  the  corpoi-ate  name  or  title  by  which 
the  said  Church  shall  be  known,  and  which  is.  The  Rector,  Ward- 
ens and  Vestrymen  of  Grace  Church  in  Haddonfleld. 

"  The  Congregation  then  chose  two  Wardens  and  seven  Vestiy- 
men,  and  also  by  a  majority  of  voices,  fixed  and  determined  on  the 
Second  Tuesday  of  March  annually  as  the  day  on  which  new  elec- 
tions of  officers  of  said  Church  shall  take  place. 

'*  In  the  testimony  whereof,  and  in  order  that  these  proceedings 
may  be  recorded,  we,  the  Church  Wardens  and  Secretary  aforesaid, 
have  hereunto  set  our  hands  and  seals,  this  Twentieth  day  of  April, 
in  the  year  of  Our  Lord,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  forty- 
three. 

"  Ch.^rles  D.  Hendry,  [l.s.] 
"  Thomas  Ashbubneu,  [L.S.] 
"  JosiAH  E.  Coles,  [l.s.] 
"  John  White,  [l.s.] 

"  J.  B.  Fennimore,  [l.s.] 
"  Benjamin  M.  Roberts,  [l.s.] 

"  Secretary, 
"  George  Lee,  [l.s.] 

"  William  Staen,  [l.s] 

"  J.  Few  Smith.  [l.s.]  '* 

The  church  was  admitted  to  the  convention  in 
1843. 

The  Rev.  Andrew  Bell  Patterson  continued  to 
hold  services  in  Haddonfield  until  he  resigned  his 
parish  in  Moorestown.  He  was  succeeded  at  the 
latter  place  in  1846  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  L.  Frank- 
lin, who  also  oflBciated  at  Haddonfield.  In  1848 
Rev.  Franklin  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  X.  P.  La 
Baugh,  who  remained  in  charge  until  1850.  In  the 
autumn  of  this  year  the  Rev.  I.  M.  Bartlett,  rector 
of  the  Church  of  the  Ascension,  at  Gloucester,  be- 
came responsible  for  the  services.  In  1854  he  was 
succeeded  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  Hallowell,  and  for 
the  first  time  in  its  history  the  church  became  inde- 
pendent of  other  parishes  for  ministerial  services. 


630 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


During  Rev.  Hallowell's  rectorship  an  addition 
was  made  to  the  church  building,  rendered  neces- 
sary by  the  increase  of  membership.  Mr.  Hallo- 
well  resigned  the  parish  in  December,  1865,  and 
was  succeeded  in  March,  1866,  by  the  present  rec- 
tor, the  Eev.  Gustavus  M.  Murray. 

In  September,  1871,  ground  was  broken  for  the 
erection  of  a  rectory  on  the  lot  immediately  ad- 
joining the  church.  The  building  was  finished  and 
occupied  by  the  rector  and  his  family  on  March  3, 
1872,  and  again,  in  1885,  the  interior  of  the  church 
was  thoroughly  repaired  and  needed  alterations 
made  in  harmony  with  distinctive  features  of 
church  worship.  For  a  number  of  years  it  has 
been  evident  that  the  work  of  the  parish  required 
better  accommodations;  to  this  end  efforts  are  being 
made  looking  to  the  accumulation  of  funds  for  the 
erection  of  a  new  and  substantial  stone  church, 
with  the  necessary  accommodations  for  Sunday- 
school  and  parish  work. 

The  Presbyterian  Church  of  Haddonfield 
was  organized  on  the  21st  day  of  November,  1871, 
with  twenty-one  members,  of  whom  six  have  died, 
ten  removed  to  other  places  and  five  are  still 
active  members  of  the  church.  The  first  gathering 
for  religious  worship  among  the  Presbyterians  of 
the  village  was  held  in  midsummer  of  1871,  in  the 
Town  Hall,  when  the  Eev.  F.  D.  Harris  (now  of 
Camden,  who  has  been  from  the  first  a  nurse  to 
the  infant  church)  preached  for  the  few  who  as- 
sembled. 

,_  Loyalty  to  Presbyterianism  and  perhaps  a  wise 
foresight,  which  caught  a  glimpse  of  the  growth  of 
the  town,  held  the  little  handful  of  faithful  men 
and  women  together  under  the  leadership  of  Mr. 
Harris,  and  in  October  of  the  same  year  a  petition 
was  sent  to  the  Presbytery  of  West  Jersey  praying 
for  the  organization  of  a  church.  Rev.  V.  D. 
Reed,  D.D.,  Rev.  L.  C.  Baker  and  F.  M.  Harris 
and  Elders  Reinboth  and  Fewsmith  were  the  com- 
mittee appointed  by  the  Presbytery,  in  compliance 
with  the  petition,  to  constitute  the  church.  The 
young  church  continued  to  hold  services  for  a  time 
in  the  Town  Hall,  and  then  in  a  room  which  is 
now  a  part  of  the  store  of  B.  F.  Fowler. 

In  April,  1873,  the  lot  of  ground  on  which  the 
church  now  stands  was  purchased,  and  in  June 
the  work  of  digging  for  the  foundation  was  begun. 
In  the  spring  of  1874  the  congregation  gathered  in 
the  chapel  for  the  first  time  and  rejoiced  in  the 
possession  of  a  home.  Under  the  care  of  the  Rev. 
Edwin  D.  Newberry,  the  first  pastor,  the  congrega- 
tion grew  rapidly  stronger  and  gained  many 
friends  and  wider  influence.  But  dissensions 
arose  between  pastor  and  people,  which  continued 


for  three  years,  until  at  last,  in  1879,  it  was 
checked,  the  cause  removed  and  the  young  church 
walked  forth  to  regain  her  strength. 

The  first  elders  elected  and  ordained  over  the 
church  were  Joseph  B.  Tatem,  who  died  March  1, 
1881,  and  David  Roe,  still  acting  in  that  office. 

The  Rev.  Julius  E.  Werner  was  called  to  the 
church  in  December,  1880,  and  was  installed  in 
the  month  of  May  following.  The  main  audience- 
room  of  the  church  was  completed  and  dedicated 
in  August,  1882,  and  the  church  has  been  steadily 
gaining  in  numbers  and  influence  under  the  pres- 
ent administration.  It  has  at  the  present  time  a 
membership  of  eighty-five,  and  in  point  of  contri- 
butions to  benevolent  societies  and  objects  bears  a 
good  reputation.  The  Sabbath-school  connected 
with  the  church  at  present  has  about  one  hundred 
and  forty  members  enrolled  as  regular  attendants, 
while  liberal  contributions  and  frequent  public 
exercises  show  the  sincerity  and  diligence  of 
scholars  and  teachers. 

St.  John's  Military  Academy  and  St. 
Agnes'  Hall.- — St.  John's  Academy  was  estab- 
lished in  Camden,  in  1866,  by  the  Revs.  Theophi- 
lus  M.  and  William  M.  Reilly,  clergymen  of  the 
Episcopal  Church.  In  1870  a  tract  of  land  con- 
taining one  hundred  and  ten  acres,  lying  near  and 
adjoining  the  town  of  Haddonfield,  was  purchased. 
This  place  was  part  of  the  Francis  Collins  tract, 
surveyed  to  him  in  1682,  on  which  he  erected  a 
mansion-house,  and  named  the  place  Mountwell. 
The  greater  part  of  the  tract,  including  the  man- 
sion-house, in  1716  came  to  Joseph  Collins,  his 
son,  by  whom  the  old  house  was  built.  This 
building  upon  the  purchase  by  the  Messrs.  Reilly 
was  fitted  for  school  purposes,  and  used  until  it 
was  destroyed  by  fire,  in  1872.  The  present  build- 
ing, containing  one  hundred  and  seventy-five 
rooms,  was  soon  after  erected,  at  a  cost  of  twenty , 
thousand  dollars.  The  character  of  the  academy 
was  changed,  and  it  became  a  military  school. 
The  military  department  is  under  the  charge  of 
Captain  Wilder,  formerly  of  West  Point,  and  con- 
tains about  sixty  cadets.  The  buildings  were  de- 
stroyed by  fire  October  30,  1886. 

St.  Agnes'  Hall  was  established  in  1878,  and  at 
present  has  fifteen  pupils.  The  students  of  both 
schools  are  under  the  direction  of  Mrs.  William 
M.  Reilly,  with  a  corps  of  competent  assistants. 

Burlington  College,  Burlington,  N.  J.,  is  also 
under  the  same  management,  the  Rev.  Theophi- 
lus  M.  Reilly,  giving  his  personal  attention  at 
Burlington,  and  the  Rev.  William  M.  Reilly 
having  charge  of  St.  John's  and  St.  Agnes',  at 
Haddonfield. 


THE  BOROUGH  OF  HADDONFIELD. 


631 


School-Houses. — The  first  school-house  in  Had- 
doniield  was  built  by  the  Friends,  in  1786,  on  the 
southwest  corner  of  the  present  burial-ground.  It 
is  still  standing,  and  has  been  used  almost  con- 
tinually, in  later  years,  as  a  boarding-school.  In 
1809  a  lot  of  land  on  Grove  Street  was  donated 
by  William  E.  Hopkins,  on  which  a  school-house 
was  built  and  named  "  The  Grove  School- Ho  use." 
It  was  the  public  school-house  from  that  time 
until.  1854,  when  the  Town  Hall  was  built  and 
rooms  fitted  up  for  school  purposes  ;  since  then  it 
has  been  used  for  primary  schools,  and  is  now 
used  for  colored  children.  The  public  schools' 
were  taught  in  the  Town  Hall  from  1854  until  the 
completion  of  the  present  commodious  stone  edifice, 
in  1869,  and  were  for  a  few  years  under  the  charge 
of  Miss  Sarah  C.  Hillman. 

The  Hicksite  Friends,  in  1851,  erected  a  school- 
house  upon,  their  lot,  in  which  school  was  kept  a 
number  of  years. 

Mrs.  Charlotte  and  Emily  Hendry  taught  a 
private  school  in  the  town  from  1838  to  1848. 

Miss  C.  Sarah  Hillman  for  several  years  after  her 
retirement  from  the  public  schools,  in  1869,  taught 
school  in  a  building  she  erected  for  the  purpose, 
on  Chestnut  Street,  and  which  now  belongs  to  the 
G.  A.  R.  Post. 

There  being  a  demand  for  increased  school  ac- 
commodation, the  town  purchased  of  William 
ColBn,  in  1868,  a  lot  of  land  on  Haddon  Avenue 
from  Chestnut  Street  to  Railroad  Avenue,  and  in 
1869  erected  a  two-story  stone  edifice,  sixty  by 
seventy-five  feet,  under  charge  of  Elwood  Braddock 
and  William  M.  Hoopes.  The  entire  cost,  includ- 
ing lot  and  furniture,  was  about  twenty-two  thou- 
sand dollars.  Later,  on  the  south  part  of  the  lot,  a 
brick  building,  thirty  by  fifty  feet,  two  stories  in 
height,  was  built. for  primary  classes,  at  a  cost  of 
three  thousand  five  hundred  dollars. 

The  public  schools  of  the  town  were,  in  1885, 
under  charge  of  Arthur  Pressey  as  principal.  The 
following  are  the  teachers  engaged  for  the  school 
year  commencing  on  Monday,  September  6,  1886 : 
Principal,  Mr.  S.  E.  Manness;  Vice- Principal,  Miss 
Emma  W.  Middleton  ;  Miss  Sarah  A.  Wells,  Miss 
Ella  H.  Schwab.  Primary  Department— Miss 
Ella  McElroy  and  Miss  Mary  B.  Redman,  and  at 
the  Grove  (colored)  School,  Mr.  John  Jackson  has 
been  re-engaged. 

Manufactuking  and  Business  Interests.— 
A  lumber  business  was  established  on  Potter  Street, 
June  3,  1841,  by  Benjamin  M.  Roberts,  who,  in 
September,  1843,  sold  to  Charles  H.  Shinn,  who  also 
bought  the  coal  business  of  John  Busby  at  Coles 
Landing.    Samuel  S.   Willits,  about   1854,   pur- 


chased the  lumber  interests  of  Charles  H.  Shinn, 
and  moved  the  business  from  Potter  Street,  to  the 
corner  formed  by  Euclid  Avenue  and  the  turnpike, 
and  shortly  after  associated  himself  with  S.  P. 
Browning,  under  the  name  of  Willits  &  Browning. 
Mr.  Browning  retired  in  1862,  and  Mr.  Willits  con- 
tinued until  1866,  when  he  died  and  the  business 
was  sold  to  his  son,  S.  A.  Willits,  and  Joseph  G. 
Evans.  From  this  time  till  1876  several  changes 
were  made  in  the  firm,  Mr.  Willits  being  contin- 
uously a  member,  and  in  1876  the  co-partnership 
of  S.  A.  Willits  &  Co.  was  formed.  This  enter- 
prising firm  now  does  a  large  business  in  the  sale 
of  lumber,  coal  and  hardware. 

The  Haddonfield  Paint  Works  were  established 
on  the  present  site,  in  1877,  by  John  G.  Willits  & 
Co.,  and  continued  for  a  time  and  passed  to  others. 
In  September,  1881,  it  came  to  A.  W.  Wright  & 
Co.,  who  purchased  the  interests  and  are  now  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  of  lead,  zinc,  colors  and 
varnishes,  and  a  successful  business  is  done. 

The  carriage  shops  of  Geo.  H.  Tule,  situated  on 
Turnpike  and  Mechanic  Streets,  were  established 
in  1880,  when  a  two  and  a  half  story  building  was 
erected,  thirty  by  sixty  feet,  and  sheds,  thirty  by 
forty  feet,  and  the  manufacture  of  heavy  and  light 
wagons  and  buggies  was  begun.  About  fourteen 
men  are  steadily  employed  in  all  the  departments. 
The  first  to  establish  business  at  the  place  was 
Joseph  Bates.  In  1846  he  began  business  in  the 
old  Thackara  blacksmith  shop,  which  stood  on  the 
site  of  the  Methodist  Church,  and  continued  there 
until  the  sale  of  the  lot  to  the  Methodist  Society,  in 
1856,  when  the  shop  was  moved  across  the  street 
on  property  now  owned  by  Mr.  Mitchell,  where  he 
continued  until  the  building  was  destroyed  by  fire, 
January  17,  1859.  In  the  spring  of  that  year 
Mickle  Clement  erected  the  one-story  brick  shop 
now  part  of  Tule's  establishment,  and  Joseph  Bates 
moved  to  the  place  and  carried  on  a  blacksmith  shop 
until  his  retirement.  George  H.  Tule,  the  pres- 
ent proprietor,  entered  the  shop  of  Mr.  Bates  as  an 
apprentice  in  1861,  and  in  1880  purchased  the  busi- 
ness and  increased  it  to  the  present  state. 

Charles  M.  Haines  began  the  carriage- making 
business  in  Haddonfield  in  the  spring  of  1884. 

The  blacksmith  shop  now  conducted  by  Samuel 
K.  Matlack  at  the  point  at  Ellis  and  Potter  Streets 
was  in  1846  owned  by  Wm.  Tomlinson,  formerly 
by  John  S.  Peak. 

The  business  interests  of  Haddonfield  at  present 
are  as  follows : 

General  Dealers. — Clement  &  GiflSn,  B.  F. 
Fowler. 


632 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUxNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Orocern. — Truitt  &  Clement,  Thomas  Young,  W. 
H.  Harrison,  W.  S.  Doughty. 

Confectioners. — Mrs.  J.  J.  Schleeht,  Geo.  Still- 
well,  Wm.  Plum. 

Hotel. — George  Stillwell. 

Lumber  and  Coal  Dealers. — S.  A.  Willits  &  Co. 

Bakery  and  Confectionery. — Martin  Schleeht. 

Flour  and  Feed.— Truiii  &  Kay. 

Physicians.— 0.  H.  Shivers,  B.  H.  Shivers,  W.  S. 
Long,  L.  L.  Glover,  F.  Williams. 

Printing  Offices — South  Jersey  News,  H.  D. 
Speakman. 

Florists. — C.  W.  Turnley, Brown. 

Newsdealer. — Mrs.  E.  D.  Lettellier. 
Carriage-Biiildn-s. — Geo.  H.  Tule,  C.  W.  Haines, 
James  G.  Webster. 

Hardioarc. — Charles  S.  Braddock,  J.  J.  Petti- 
bone  &  Son,  H.  Bennett. 

Undertal-ers. — R.  Cooper  Watson,  Chas.  Githens, 
Samuel  Burroughs. 

Agricultural  Implements  and  Coal. — Bell  Brothers. 

Auction  Ooods. — Wm.  H.  Clement. 

Dentist.— A.  H.  Miner. 

Livery. — Benjamin  P.  Shreve. 

Dealers  in  Horses. — C.  H.  Smith,  Geo.  D.  Stewart. 

Harness  ISliop. — Isaac  VandegrafF. 

Paints  and  Colors. — W.  W.  Wright. 

Paper  Hangings. — Samuel  R.  Stoy,  Walter  W. 
Wayne. 

Drug  /Stores.— Roland  AVillard,  Charles  S.  Brad- 
dock,  Jr. 

Meat  Markets.— Samuel  Albertson,  Alfred  Lud- 
low. 

5a)-4ers.— Coward  Bros., Westcott. 

Painter. — Lancelot  Hill. 

Jfasons.— Elwood  Braddock,  Frederick  Thomas, 
R.  W.  Budd. 

Contractors  and  Builders. — W.  S.  Caperon,  W. 
H.  Hoopes,  Henry  Albright,  Caldwell  Baker, 
Thomas  Hill,  William  Bowker. 

Surveyors  and  Conveyancers. — John  Clement,  J. 
Lewis  Rowand. 

Jewelri/     Box     Manufacturers. — Julius     Smith. 

Milk  Dealers.— Mvs.  Mary  Craig,  Patrick  Haug- 
hey. 

Millinery. — Misses  Stout. 

Boots  and  Shoes. — W.  H.  Fowler. 

Boot  and  Shoe  Makers. — R.  Elmer  Clement,  John 
S.  Garrett,  Ralph  H.  Barton,  Peter  Hudon. 

Cigar  Store. — Chas.  Reinear. 

Posd-O^ce.— Thomas  Hill. 

Express. Atkinson. 

Telephone  Office. — Willard's  drug  store. 

Elwood  Braddock  is  a  descendant  of  a  long- 
settled   New  Jersey   family— a  branch  of  that  to 


which  belonged  the  distinguished  General  Brad- 
dock.    Edward  Braddock  was  a  ma.jor-geueral  in 
the  British  army    in    1709,  and  retired  in   1715, 
having  been  altogether  forty  years  in   the  service. 
He  died  at  Bath,  England,  June  16,  1725.     His 
son,  Edward  Braddock,  was  also  a  major-general 
in  the  British  army,  was  in  command  of  the  Eng- 
lish  forces    in   the   French   and    Indian   War  at 
Hraddock's  Field  (now  the  village  of  Braddocks,  a 
suburb  of  Pittsburgh,)   where  he  was  so  severely 
wounded  that  he  died   a  few  days  later,  July  12, 
1755,  and  was  buried  by  the  side  of  the  road  on 
the  retreat  to  Philadelphia.     About  this  time  a 
branch    of  the  family,  of  which  Rehoboam   and 
Jemima  Braddock  were  the  great-grandparents  of 
our  subject,  came  to  America  and  settled  in  Bur- 
lington County,   N.  J.     Their   children  were  Job, 
Elizabeth,  Bathsheba,  Hannah,  Darnell,   Phebe, 
William,   Jemima,  Mary  and  Rachel.     Many  of 
their  descendants  now  live  in  Burlington  County. 
Darnell  Braddock,  born  1764,  and  his  wife,  Sarah, 
were    Elwood    Braddock's    grandparents.     They 
had  ten  children, — William  Rodgers,  Martha,  Je- 
mima, Eliza,  Benjamin,  Reuben,  Asa,  Hester  Ann, 
Sarah  and  Darnell,  the  eldest  of  whom,  born  in 
1799,  with  Sarah,  his  wife,  were  the  parents  of  Car- 
oline, Charles  S.,  Elwood,  William  Shreve,  Abbie, 
Elizabeth  and  Isaac  A.  Braddock. 

Briefly  reverting  to  this  line  of  ancestry,  it  may 
be  mentioned  that  Rehoboam  Braddock,  the  great- 
grandfather of  Elwood,  was  noted  for  his  wonder- 
ful strength.  His  son  Darnell  died  quite  young, 
but,  as  we  have  seen,  left  a  large  family.  William 
R.,  the  eldest  son,  was  a  powerful  man  physically, 
and  story  after  story  is  related  of  his  prowess  in 
keeping  the  peace  in  the  olden  time.  He  was  a 
justice  for  about  thirty  years  in  Medford,  Burling- 
ton County,  and  ordered  the  last  man  (a  negro), 
convicted  under  the  old  law,  to  be  given  thirty- 
nine  lashes.  He  was  a  staunch  Old-Line  Whig, 
and  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1848  for  a 
term  of  three  years.  He  was  for  half  a  century  a 
prominent  surveyor  in  Burlington  County  and  also 
in  the  counties  of  Camden,  Ocean  and  Atlantic. 
In  1850  he  culled  attention  to  what  might  be  done 
in  growing  cranberries  in  New  Jersey,  by  planting 
the  Sorden  meadow,  in  the  old  Indian  reservation  at 
Shamong,  which  his  neighbors  called  "  Braddock's 
Folly,"  and  which  still  bears  fruit.  Upon  this 
land,  prior  to  1850  utterly  unremunerative,  the 
crop  of  cranberries  was  an  exceedingly  large  one 
in  1885. 

Elwood  Braddock,  the  second  son  of  William  R., 
was  born  December  23,  1829,  at  Medford,  N.  J., 
and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  years  was  apprenticed  to 


([}L^Ot/-i^-*>o(    ^>t,(X.oCcpC{)-t>^ 


^^ 


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Ww*- 


■^Miiw*^*- 


'^^T^^^L. 


THE  BOEOUGH  OF  HADDONFIELD. 


633 


the  trade  of  a  mason  and  builder  with  Isaac  A. 
Shreve,  at  Burlington,  and  helped  to  build  St. 
Mary's  Hall  and  Burlington  College,  under  Bishop 
Doane,  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  while  still 
an  apprentice  assisted  in  building  the  very  first 
houses  in  Beverly.  After  he  became  of  age  he 
started  for  New  York  City  with  some  funds  in  his 
possession,  but  on  arriving  there  found  thathe  had 
been  robbed  and  that  he  had  only  a  shilling  in  his 
pocket,  which  had  escaped  the  nimble  fingers  of 
the  thief.  He  soon  found  work,  prospered  at  his 
trade,  had  a  hand  in  building  up  Brooklyn  and 
Williamsburg  and  remained  in  the  vicinity  two 
years.  He  then,  in  1852,  decided  to  go  to  Atlan- 
tic City,  which  had  just  then  started,  and  he  there 
helped  to  build  several  fine  hotels  and  other  edi- 
fices, among  them  the  Ashland  House.  In  1855 
he  removed  to  Davenport,  la.,  but  after  about  a 
year  spent  in  the  West  concluded  to  return  to  his 
native  State.  Soon  afterwards  he  married  Rachel 
W.  (Collings)  Shreve,  widow  of  Benjamin  P. 
Shreve,  of  Medford,  and  settled  in  Haddonfield, 
where  they  continue  to  reside.  Both  he  and  Mrs. 
Braddock  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

Mr.  Braddock  is  still  engaged  in  building  opera- 
tions, having  built  both  of  the  school -houses  in 
Haddonfield;  built  by  contract  the  stone  and  ma- 
son-work for  the  Baptist  Church  and  erected  many 
other  buildings  ;  has  been  a  director  of  the  Had- 
donfield Building  Association  for  thirteen  years ; 
is  still  engaged  in  cranberry  growing  in  Burlington 
and  Atlantic  Counties,  where  he  owns  large  mead- 
ows. He  is  a  good  mathematician  and  thorough 
Latin  scholar;  has  attained  these  and  other  ac- 
quirements-unaided  and  under  many  disadvantages, 
and  is  known  as  an  active,  enterprising  and  wholly 
trustworthy  man. 

Of  Mr.  Braddock's  brothers  and  sisters  it  is  pro- 
per to  add  a  few  words.  Charles  S.  settled  in  Had- 
donfield in  1853,  establishing  the  drug  business 
and  continuing  in  the  same  for  twenty-five  years  ; 
now  a  hardware  merchant  of  Haddonfield ;  mar- 
ried Ann  (Zane)  Collings,  sister  of  Bachel  W. ; 
they  were  of  a  very  old  New  Jersey  family.  Car- 
oline married  a  Mr.  Bridge  and  lives  in  the  State 
of  Delaware.  William  Shreve,  who  resides  in 
Waterford  and  owns  and  operates  the  Bates  saw- 
mill, married  Eachel  Borton.  Abbie  Braddock 
married  Mr.  George  Rhoads  and  lives  near  West- 
town,  her  sister  Elizabeth  residing  with  her. 
Isaac  A.,  a  druggist  of  Haddonfield  (successor  to 
Charles  S.,  his  brother),  the  youngest  of  the  fam- 
ily, married  Anna  Collings,  of  Camden,  and  is  a 
man  of  great  enterprise. 
Samuel  S.  Hillman  is  a  descendant  of  John 


Hillman,  who  came  to  America  in  1697,  and  set- 
tled in  Gloucester  (now  Centre)  township.  Daniel 
Hillman,  the  grandfather  of  Samuel,  was  married 
to  Martha,  daughter  of  Isaac  Ellis,  of  Ellisburg, 
by  whom  he  had  ten  children,— Daniel,  Jacob, 
Jonathan,  John,  Simeon,  Abel,  Isaac,  Hannah 
(married  to  John  Ware),  Martha  (married  to  Sam- 
uel Brown)  and  Mary  (married  to  Jacob  Wolla- 
hom). 

Daniel  resided  at  Ellisburg,  and  was  a  wheel- 
wright by  trade.  He  married  Hester,  daughter  of 
Samuel  and  Hope  Stokes,  who  resided  near  Had- 
donfield, by  whom  he  had  eight  children, — Samuel 
S.,  Daniel  E.,  Aquilla,  Alfred,  Albert,  Daniel, 
Charles  and  Mary  Ann. 

Samuel  S.  Hillman  was  born  at  Ellisburg,  Aug- 
ust 18,  1816.  He  remained  upon  the  farm  with 
his  father  till  he  was  fifteen  years- old,  when  he 
went  to  Philadelphia  and  entered  the  dry-goods 
house  of  Jacob  Jones,  where  he  remained  till  of 
age.  He  then  came  to  Haddonfield,  opened  a  store, 
conducted  it  successfully  for  fifteen  years  and  then 
sold  out  to  A.  T.  Paul  &  Brother.  He  has  since 
been  retired  from  active  business. 

On  March  12,  1840,  he  was  married  to  Rebecca, 
daughter  of  John  and  Rebecca  Ford,  of  Pauls- 
borough,  Gloucester  County,  N.  J.  Their  chil- 
dren are  John  F.,  who  is  married  to  Kate,  daughter 
of  Joseph  R.  and  Emma  Sorver,  by  whom  he 
had  three  children, — J.  Herbert,  Robert  (de- 
ceased) and  Heslen.  John  F.  is  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  Wanamaker  &  Brown,  of  Philadelphia. 
Benjamin  R.  is  married  to  Lizzie  C.  Andrews, 
daughter  of  George  and  Julia  Andrews,  of  Newark, 
N.  J.,  by  whom  he  has  two  children, — Agnes  and 
Reamer.  Benjamin  R.  is  employed  with  John 
Wanamaker  during  the  past  fifteen  years.  Charles 
H.  married  Jennie,  daughter  of  Col.  Jesse  E.  and 
Mrs.  Jane  Peyton,  of  Haddonfield.  Charles  H.  is 
a  member  of  the  firm  of  King,  Hillman  &  Gill, 
manufacturers  of  cottons,  etc.,  Philadelphia ;  and 
Clara  R.,  who  is  at  home.  Samuel  S.  Hillman  is  a 
member  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  In  politics  he 
is  a  Republican.  He  has  been  elected  surveyor  of 
highways,  and  is  a  director  in  Haddonfield  Build- 
ing and  Loan  Association,  and  takes  great  interest 
in  the  improvement  and  progress  of  the  town  in 
which  he  resides. 

Mrs.  Hillman  died  March  12,  1886,  upon  the 
forty-sixth  anniversary  of  her  marriage.  She  was 
a  woman  of  noble  virtues,  universally  loved  and 
respected. 

Societies. — Haddonfield  Lodge,  No.  130,  F.  and 
A.  M.,  was  chattered  January  18, 1872,  and  was  con- 
stituted February  10, 1872,  in  Wilkins'  Hall,  at  Had- 


634 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


donfield,  with  fourteen  charter  members,  including 
the  officers.  The  meetings  were  held  in  the  hall 
until  November  23,  1877,  when  the  lodge  was 
moved  to  the  hall  in  the  New  Jersey  Building. 
On  the  24th  of  October,  1882,  a  change  was  again 
made  and  meetings  were  held  until  February  13, 
1883,  in  Granger's  Hall,  from  where  they  moved 
to  Clement's  Hall.  The  new  Masonic  Hall  was 
built  in  1883,  and  on  the  11th  of  March,  1884,  the 
lodge  held  their  first  meeting  in  the  new  quarters. 
On  the  evening  of  the  opening  ceremonies  the 
Worthy  Master,  Charles  H.  Mann,  presented  the 
lodge  with  the  furniture,  except  the  carpet  and 
seats.  The  lodge  is  at  present  in  a  flourishing 
condition,  with  ninety-six  members. 

The  present  officers  are  Frederick  Sutton,  W. 
M. ;  Carrington  W.  Taylor,  S.  W. ;  Benjamin  F. 
Fowler,  J.  W. ;  Edward  S.  Huston,  treasurer  ; 
Henry  D.  Moore,  P.  M.,  secretary ;  Eev.  Gustavus 
M.  Murray,  P.  M.,  chaplain ;  Samuel  Browne, 
S.  D. ;  Abram  P.  Vandegrift,  J.  D.  ;  Julius  P. 
Graf,  S.  M.  0. ;  Rowland  Willard,  J.  M.  0. ;  Wil- 
liam S.  Hart  and  R.  Wilkins  Budd,  Stewards ; 
Louis  H.  Hall,  Organist ;  Richard  E.  Elwell,  Tiler. 
Past  Masters,  N.  B.  Jennings,  M.D.  (deceased), 
Edward  W.  Reeve  (deceased),  John  S.  Stratford, 
John  W.  Swinker  (deceased),  J.  Morris  Roberts, 
Henry  D.  Moore,  William  D.  Cobb,  Rev.  G.  M. 
Murray,  James  S.  Da  Costa,  C.  H.  Shivers,  M.D., 
Charles  H.  Mann,  James  A.  Webb. 

During  the  early  part  of  1883  the  matter  of 
erecting  a  Masonic  building  was  discussed  and 
culminated  in  the  formation  of  a  Masonic  Hall 
Association,  and  on  May  13,  1884,  the  building 
being  finished,  was  dedicated  with  impressive 
Masonic  ceremonies  by  M.  W.  Henry  Verbiage, 
Grand  Master  of  the  jurisdiction  of  New  Jersey, 
assisted  by  nearly  all  the  Grand  Officers  of  the 
Grand  Lodge.  The  ceremonies  took  place  in  the 
new  hall  at  three  o'clock,  p.  m.,  after  which  the 
Grand  Officers,  invited  guests,  including  the  Hon. 
Leon  Abbett,  Governor  of  New  Jersey,  and  mem- 
bers of  Haddonfield  Lodge,  in  number  about  two 
hundred,  repaired  to  the  New  Jersey  Building  and 
partook  of  a  banquet. 

Morning  Star  Lodge,  No.  70,  /.  0.  0.  F.,  was 
instituted  February  3,  1848,  with  the  following 
officers:  John  K.  Roberts,  N.  G. ;  Jacob  P.  Thorn- 
ton, V.  G. ;  Nathan  Conrad,  S. ;  Joseph  L.  Shivers, 
A.  S. ;  Silas  McVaugh,  treasurer.  Meetings  have 
been  held  from  the  date  of  the  organization  to  the 
present  time  in  Odd-Fellows'  Hall,  on  Main  Street. 
The  lodge  has  a  membership  of  sixty-three.  The 
present  Noble  Grand  is  Edwin  R.  Claggett.  The 
following  is  a  list  of  the  Past    Grands  from   the 


organization  to  the  present  time  :  John  K.  Roberts, 
Urias  Shinn,  Clayton  Hollinshead,  Charles  F. 
Redman,  Elijah  E.  West,  William  McKnight, 
John  Stoy,  Joseph  H.  Fowler,  William  Conard, 
Samuel  D.  Proud,  Aaron  Clark,  John  A.  Swinker. 
The  Evening  Star  Encampment,  No.  39,  /.  0. 
0.  F.,  obtained  its  charter  November  16,  1869. 
The  place  of  meeting  since  the  time  of  organiza- 
tion has  been  in  Odd-Fellows'  Hall.  The  present 
Chief  Patriarch  is  Edwin  E.  Claggett. 

Haddon  Lodge,  No.  12,  K.  of  P.,  was  instituted 
April  20,  1868,  with  the  following  charter  mem- 
bers :  Charles  E.  Redman,  William  Plum,  Charles 
Lovett,  Samuel  S.  Tomlinson,  W.  S.  Wilmot,  Ren- 
nels  Fowler,  David  M.  Southard,  Thomas  Eldridge 
and  Joseph  C.  Stackhouse.  Meetings  were  held 
for  one  year  in  Odd-Fellows'  Hall,  about  one  year 
in  a  room  over  Fowler's  store,  at  the  end  of  which 
term  the  lodge  was  removed  to  the  present  rooms, 
fitted  up  in  the  upper  story  of  Clement  &  Giffin's 
store.  The  society  has  sixty  members  and  George 
B.  Stewart  is  Chancellor  Commander. 

Local  Branch,  No.  67,  Order  of  Iron  Hall,  was 
organized  May  6,  1882,  with  twenty-one  charter 
members.  Meetings  are  held  in  the  room  of  the 
Thomas  H.  Davis  Post,  G.  A.  R. 

The  Order  of  Chosen  Friends,  Perseverance  Coun- 
cil, No.  8,  was  chartered  October  4,  1882,  and  held 
its  meetings  in  the  hall.  It  has  a  membership  of 
fifty-four. 

Cordon  Lodge,  No.  2,  of  the  Ancient  Order  of 
United  Workmen,  was  chartered  September  1, 1881, 
and  holds  its  meetings  in  the  hall  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic. 

Mohican  Tribe,  No.  64,  I.  0.  of  B.  M.,  was  insti- 
tuted in  Haddonfield  under  a  charter  which  bears 
date,  in  their  phraseology,  the  25th  Sun  of  the 
Hot  Moon,  G.  S.  D.  392.  Meetings  are  held  in 
Wilkins'  Hall. 

Eureka  Lodge,  No.  2,  /.  0.  M.,  was  chartered 
November  21,  1882,  and  holds  meetings  in  Wil- 
kins' Hall. 

American  Castle,  No.  12,  K.  of  O.  E.,  was  insti- 
tuted May  17,  1886,  with  fifty  members.  Meetings 
will  be  held  in  the  Wilkins'  Hall. 

John  A.  J.  Sheets  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania 
and  the  descendant  of  a  family  long  settled  in 
Lancaster  County.  His  father,  John  Sheets,  was 
born  there  and  in  his  youth  moved  to  Williams- 
port,  Lycoming  County,  where  he  married,  at  a 
later  period,  Catharine  Emmons,  of  the  same 
county.  About  the  year  1818,  he  removed,  with  his 
family,  to  Fairfield  township  (Lycoming  County), 
and  there  his  son,  John  A.  J.  Sheets,  the  subject 
of  this  biography,  was  born  on  the  6th  of  March, 


THE  BOROUGH  OF  H  ADDON  FIELD. 


635 


1828.  The  father  during  his  lifetime  was  variously 
employed  as  blacksmith,  farmer  and  landlord,  in 
all  of  which  vocations  he  achieved  success,  and 
his  son  receiving  a  common  school  education,  being 
very  apt  and  advancing  rapidly,  was  able  at  the 
age  of  thirteen  to  assume  charge  of  his  books  and 
attend  to  many  details  of  business. 

At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  was  made  agent  for 
Messrs.  Baltzell  &  Co.,  a  Baltimore  firm,  who  opera- 
ted a  saw-mill  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna, and  devoted  his  attention  to  receiving  and 
forwarding  the  lumber  by  boats  to  Baltimore.    He 
was  thus  engaged  for  several  years,  and  in  1850 
formed  the  acquaintance  of  John  F.  Norcross,  then 
residing  in  Montoursville,  who  was  interested  in  a 
saw-mill  located  on  the  West  Branch.     Two  years 
later  he  entered  into  partnership  with  Mr.  Norcross 
in  the  wholesale  and  retail  lumber  business  and 
established  a  lumber-yard  and  wharf  at  Kaighns 
Point,  Camden,  N.  J.,  with  a  branch  office  at  Green 
Street    wharf,   Philadelphia.     The  Camden   yard 
was  continued  for  two  years,  when,  at  the  solicita- 
tion of  several  large  manufacturers  of  lumber  on 
the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  they 
were   induced  to   concentrate    their    business   at 
Green  Street  wharf,  Philadelphia,  making  it  ex- 
clusively wholesale..    Here  they  continued  for  sev- 
eral years,  receiving  meanwhile  large  consignments 
of  timber  and  manufactured  lumber  from  Penn- 
sylvania, Virginia,  North  Carolina,  Georgia  and 
Florida.     In  1865  they  moved  from  Green  Street 
to  Fairmount  Avenue  wharf,  where  they  continued 
successfully  until  1875,  when  Mr.  Norcross  retired 


from  the  firm,  as  a  result  of  declining  health.  At 
the  period  of  dissolution  the  firm  of  Norcross  & 
Sheets  was  the  oldest  firm  in  the  wholesale  lumber 
and  commission  business  without  change  of  firm- 
name,  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  Mr.  Sheets  has 
since  that  time  continued  the  business  alone. 
John  A.  J.  Sheets  was  married,  in  1854,  to  Rachel 
T.,  daughter  of  Samuel  A.  Cook,  of  Camden 
County,  and  niece  of  his  former  partner's  wife. 
Their  children  are  Catharine  E.  (wife  of  George 
A.  Howes,  who  entered  the  employ  of  the  house 
when  quite  a  youth,  and  for  the  past  few  years  has 
had  charge  of  Mr,  Sheets'  business  at  Fairmount 
Avenue  wharf),  Caroline  E.,  John  (married  to  Em- 
ma, daughter  of  the  late  B.  B.  Thomas),  graduated 
from  the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  in  the  spring  of  1880,  spent  a  year 
in  one  of  the  largest  hospitals  in  Germany,  also 
visiting  those  in  London  and  Paris,  and  is 
now  a  practicing  physician  and  a  specialist  in 
diseases  of  the  throat,  nose  and  ear,  at  1324  Spring 
Garden  Street,  Philadelphia ;  Samuel  A.,  Mary  C, 
Robert  A.,  Susan  McVey  and  Harriet  L.  Mr.  Sheets 
resided  in  Philadelphia  and  Camden  until  1862, 
when  he  removed  to  a  farm  on  the  White  Horse 
road,  four  miles  from  Camden  and  remained  twelve 
years.  He  then  built  and  removed  to  his  present 
home  at  the  west  end  of  Haddonfield.  A  Repub- 
lican in  politics,  Mr.  Sheets  has  served  as  borough 
commissioner  of  Haddonfield,  but  has  never  been 
an  active  politician.  He  is  a  director  of  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Camden  and  of  the  Haddonfield 
Mutual  Loan  and  Building  Association. 


THE  TOWNSHIP   OF  HADDON. 


CHAPTEE    XII. 

Early  History  of  Old  Newton  Township— Notes  from  Township 
Records — Thoniaa  Sharp's  Account  of  the  Newton  Settlement — 
Old  Newton  Friends  Meeting — Schools — Camden  and  Philadelphia 
Kace  Course — Collingswood — Westmount. 

The  old  township  of  Newton,  the  centre  of 
which  is  the  present  township  of  Haddon,  was 
erected  in  the  same  year  the  counties  of  Burling- 
ton and  Salem  were  formed,  at  which  time  (May, 
1682)  Burlington  and  Salem  were  the  only  towns 
in  West  Jersey.  There  was  surveyed  to  Francis 
Collins,  October  23d  following,  a  tract  of  land  ly- 
ing partly  in  and  south  of  what  is  now  Haddon- 
field,  which  was  described  as  being  "situate  in 
Newton  Township."  The  settlers  who  resided  on 
the  creek  now  known  as  Newton,  named  the  creek, 
the  town  they  built,  the  Friends'  Meeting-house 
and  ground  and  the  township  "  Newton,"  which 
name  continued  as  long  as  they  were  in  existence, 
and  of  which  only  the  creek  remains.  The  bound- 
aries of  this  township  were  not  closely  defined 
until  several  years  later,  and,  on  the  1st  of  June, 
1695,  the  grand  jury  returned  the  boundaries  of 
the  townships  of  Gloucester  County,  under  an  act 
of  Assembly  of  1694,  for  dividing  counties  into 
townships.  This  return  declares  that  "  from  ye 
lowermost  branch  of  Coopers  Creek  to  ye  south- 
erly branch  of  Newton  Creek,  bordering  Glouces- 
ter, shall  be  another  constablewick  or  township." 
This  was  called  Newton  township,  and  Jeremiah 
Bates  was  appointed  constable  and  William  Bates 
and  Thomas  Sharp  for  regulating  highways.  Offi- 
cers were  appointed,  but  no  effort  was  made  to 
keep  township  records  until  1723,  when  Thomas 
Sharp  was  instructed  to  buy  a  book  for  that  pur- 
pose. 

No  change  was  made  in  the  limits  of  Newton 
township  from  the  time  of  its   erection  until  No- 
636 


vember  28,  1831,  one  hundred  and  forty-nine  years 
after,  when,  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature,  the  city 
of  Camden  (having  been  erected  as  a  city  Febru- 
ary 23,  1828,  within  the  township  of  Newton)  was 
established  as  a  separate  township.  The  territory 
taken  from  Newton  by  this  act  lay  between  Coop- 
ers Creek  and  Kaighns  Run.  The  township  of 
Newton,  for  over  one  hundred  and  fifty  years,  had 
two  voting  places,  one  at  Newton  and  one  at  Had- 
donfield,  when,  on  February  23,  1865,  by  an  act  of 
the  Legislature,  the  eastern  part  of  Newton  was 
organized  into  a  separate  township  and  named 
the  township  of  Haddon.  The  western  part  of 
Newton  township  retained  its  name  and  corporate 
powers  until  five  years  later,  when,  by  legislative 
enactment,  February  14,  1871,  the  old  township  of 
Newton  was  annexed  to  the  city  of  Camden,  and 
as  a  civil  organization  ceased  to  exist  and  has 
since  been  known  only  to  history. 

Camden  soon  after  was  again  sub-divided  into 
wards,  and  the  remnants  of  old  Newton  became 
the  Eighth  Ward  of  that  city.  Six  years  later, 
April  5,  1878,  the  northern  portion  of  the  Eighth 
Ward  was  annexed  to  Haddon  township  and  so 
remains.  In  1870  the  township,  as  it  then  existed, 
contained  a  population  of  eight  thousand  four  hun- 
dred and  thirty-seven  and  had  within  its  limits 
thirty-five  industrial  establishments. 

The  first  settlers  within  the  territory  of  Newton, 
soon  after  their  arrival  took  an  important  part  in 
the  provincial  government  of  West  Jersey,  and  on 
the  2d  of  May,  1682,  only  three  months  after  their 
settlement,  William  Cooper,  Mark  Newbie,  Henry 
Stacy,  Francis  Collins,  Samuel  Coles,  Thomas 
Howell  and  William  Bates  were  chosen  to  re- 
present the  Third  or  Irish  Tenth  (of  which  New- 
ton formed  a  part)  in  the  Legislature  of  New 
Jersey,  which  body  then  met  at  Burlington.  The 
persons  chosen,  with    the   exception   of  Samuel 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  HaDDON. 


637 


Coles  and  Thomas  Howell,  were  residents  of  New- 
ton township.  Samuel  Coles  resided  at  the  mouth 
of  Coopers  Creek,  in  what  is  now  Stockton  town- 
ship, and  Thomas  Howell  in  what  is  now  Dela- 
ware township.  The  Third  or  Irish  Tenth  in- 
cluded all  the  territory  now  embraced  in  Camden 
County,  extending  from  Pensaukin  Creek  to  Tim- 
ber Creek.  The  Fourth  Tenth  extended  from 
Timber  Creek  to  Oldman  Creek,  and  what  is 
now  Gloucester  County,  although  more  thickly 
settled,  had  no  representation  then  in  the  Legis- 
lature, as  most  of  its  inhabitants  were  Swedes. 

Notes  from  Newton  Township  Eecokds. 
— From  1682  to  the  year  1723  no  record  of  the 
proceedings  of  the  people  in  their  corporate  capa- 
city was  kept.  Thomas  Sharp,  in  1723,  was  ap- 
pointed township  clerk  and  ordered  to  purchase  a 
record-book  for  the  use  of  the  township. 

The  records  as  contained  in  this  book  were 
begun  on  the  12th  day  of  First  Month  (January) 
1723,  and  were  closed  March  14,  1821.  The  first 
town-meeting  of  which  record  was  made  was 
held  at  Newton  March  12,  1728,  when  Joseph 
Cooper  and  John  Gill  were  chosen  overseers  of  the 
poor  and  Thomas  Sharp,  clerk.  At  the  next  meet- 
ing, March  9,  1724,  Joseph  Cooper  and  Thomas 
Sharp  were  chosen  freeholders ;  John  Eastlack  and 
John  Gill,  overseers  of  the  poor ;  Joseph  Cooper, 
Jr.,  assessor;  William  Cooper,  collector;  Jacob 
Medcalf,  Samuel  Shivers,  Joseph  Kaighn  and 
Thomas  Dennis,  commissioners  of  highways. 

At  this  meeting  it  was  "agreed  y»  Jonathan 
Bolton  Give  some  Hay  and  Corn  to  Ann  Morrises 
horse,  in  order  to  make  him  capable  to  carry  her 
to  y'  place  from  whence  she  came,  and  y'  she  stay 
here  but  untill  the  seventeenth  day  of  this  instant, 
and  after  that  the  Overseers  of  the  Poor  flfbrce  her 
away.  If  she  refuse  to  go  and  y'  what  charge  is 
expended  in  y»  perfecting  of  it  shall  be  allowed  by 
this  Meeting.  AVhat  remains  in  the  hands  of  John 
Gill  off  the  poor  tax,  as  y"  case  is  stated,  amounts 
to  the  sum  off  ffive  pound,  ffive  shillings  and  ffive 

pence." 

For  many  years  a  list  of  the  officers  appointed 
had  to  be  laid  before  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions, 
then  held  at  Gloucester  for  approval.  An  in- 
teresting feature  of  the  old  records  is  the  many 
names  of  the  original  families  of  the  township,  the 
descendants  of  some  of  whom  now  reside  in  it. 
Many  of  the  early  settlers  whose  names  appear  on 
record  have  now  no  descendants  living  within 
the  limits  of  Camden  County.  The  small  amount 
of  lax  collected  contrasts  strongly  with  the  amount 
now  collected  from  the  inhabitants  of  the  same 
territory.  In  1733  the  assessor  was  directed  to  ex- 
77 


tend  his  assessment  to  the  mills,  taverns  and 
ferries  in  the  township.  Sarah  Norris'  shop  was 
taxed  twenty  shillings,  and  the  mill  of  John  Kay, 
ten  shillings. 

In  1737  the  town-meeting  was  more  specific,  and 
named  the  mills,  shops,  taverns  and  ferries.  On 
March  8th,  in  that  year,  Timothy  Matlack  was 
assessed  ten  shillings ;  Sarah  Norris,  6s.  8d. ;  they 
each  kept  at  that  time  a  shop  in  Haddonfield. 
October  24th  Isaac  Kay's  mill  was  assessed  ten 
shillings,  (it  stood  on  the  south  branch  of 
Coopers  Creek,  in  what  is  now  Haddon  township, 
opposite  the  Joseph  G.  Evans  mill,  near  Haddon- 
field) ;  John  Breach,  eight  shillings,  fulling-mill 
located  on  the  middle  branch  of  Newton  Creek ; 
Sarah  Norris'  shop,  6s.  8rf.,  on  site  of  Aaron  C. 
Clement's  residence,  in  Haddonfield;  Thomas 
Perrywebb's  blacksmith-shop,  ten  shillings,  on  the 
site  of  Alfred  W.  Clement's  store,  on  Main  Street, 
in  Haddonfield ;  Humphrey  Day's  ferry  and  tav- 
ern, twenty  shillings. 

In  1749  there  was  assessed  Isaac  Kay's  mill, 
Thomas  Eedman's  drug-store,  Mathias  Aspden's 
store,  all  at  Haddonfield ;  John  Breach's  fulling- 
mill,  Jacob  Albertson's  grist-mill  and  Daniel  and 
Benjamin  Cooper,  as  operating  ferries  at  the  site 
of  Camden,  and  in  this  year  boats  and  flats  were 
taxed. 

In  1754  Josiah  Harvey  was  assessed  with  a 
fulling-mill,  probably  John  Breach's,  as  his  name 
does  not  appear  for  the  same  year ;  Thomas  Red- 
man, Mathias  Aspden  and  Thomas  Champion  were 
store-keepers  ;  Kay's  and  Albertson's  mills  were 
still  in  operation  ;  and  Hugh  Creighton  was  oper- 
ating a  fulling-mill. 

In  1770  the  Legislature  passed  an  act  to  prevent 
swine  from  running  at  large  in  the  streets  of  Had- 
donfield. This  act  does  not  appear  to  have  been 
very  popular,  as  at  the  town-meeting  of  1775,  by 
a  majority  of  two,  a  resolution  was  passed  not  to 
enforce  the  law  in  the  future. 

The  town-meetings  were  held  generally  in  the 
old  Newton  Friends'  Meeting-house  until  the  erec- 
tion of  the  meeting-house  at  Haddonfield,  in 
1721,  at  which  place  it  was  held  until  1787.  At 
the  meeting  in  March,  1787,  a  resolution  was 
passed  that  the  next  annual  town-meeting  be  held 
at  the  school-house  (which  was  built  on  the 
Friends'  Meeting-house  lot)  in  Haddonfield. 

Elections  were  held  at  the  Newton  Friends' 
Meeting-house  and  at  other  places  in  the  town- 
ship. In  the  earlier  years  elections  were  con- 
ducted by  the  sheriff  of  the  county,  who  carried 
the  box  from  place  to  place,  where  designated,  and 
received  the  votes.     An  incident  in  this  connec- 


638 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


tion   is  given,   which  shows  the  law   and  custom 
governing  the  election, — 

"  Upon  the  meeting  of  the  Legislature  in  1716, 
Daniel  Coxe  was  returned  as  member  of  the  State 
Assembly  in  place  of  John  Kay,  and  was  chosen 
Speaker.  The  proceedings  of  that  body,  however, 
show  in  what  way  this  occurred,  for  William  Har- 
rison, sheriff  of  Gloucester  County,  was  arrested 
and  brought  to  the  bar  of  the  House,  by  the  Ser- 
geant-at-arms,  and  reprimanded  for  'adjourning  the 
election  poll  from  the  great  field '  near  John  Kay's 
house  to  William  Cooper's,  several  miles  distant, 
without  the  consent  of  the  candidates,  which  was 
contrary  to  the  law.  By  this  transaction,  the  de- 
feat of  John  Kay  was  brought  about,  which  led  to 
the  censure  of  the  chief  executive  of  the  county. 

"John  Kay,  at  that  time,  resided  at  the  corn- 
mill,  and  the  'great  field  '  was  part  of  John  Had- 
don's  estate,  bounded  by  the  King's  Road  and  part 
of  the  village  of  Haddonfield." 

The  town  house  of  Newton  was  built  at  Had- 
donfield in  the  simimer  of  1854,  since  which  elec- 
tions have  been  held  in  that  building. 

The  Newton  Colony's  Settlement.  —  The 
causes  of  the  settlement  of  West  Jersey  and  the 
action  of  the  projjrietaries  in  reference  to  the  di- 
vision of  the  territory,  are  given  in  the  first  part  of 
this  book.  By  this  division,  the  proprietors,  on 
the  14th  of  January,  1681,'  set  off  a  tract  of  land 
along  the  Delaware  River,  which  extended  from 
the  river  eastward,  between  the  Pensaukin  Creek 
and  the  Timber  Creek,  "  so  far  into  the  woods  as 
to  embrace  sixty-four  thousand  acres."^ 

This  tract  was  designated  by  the  proprietors  as 
a  place  of  settlement  for  a  company  of  immigrants 
from  Dublin,  Ireland,  and  was  named  the  Third 
or  Irish  Tenth. 

It  will  be  noticed  in  the  early  history  of  Glou- 
cester City  (found  elsewhere  in  this  book)  that  as 
early  as  1677  attention  was  drawn  to  this  section 
of  country  by  the  London  commissioners,  who 
were  strongly  inclined  to  settle  at  what  is  now 
Gloucester  City.  They  were  persuaded  to  locate 
at  Burlington,  but  still  determined  to  advocate 
the  selection  of  this  locality  as  a  good  place  for 
settlement.  Robert  Zane,  of  Dublin,  who  proba- 
bly came  over  in  the  ship  with  John  Fenwick,  was 
in  Salem  as  early  as  1675,  as  he  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Friends'   Meeting  established  at 

1  The  (late  lieie  given  is  in  tile  old  style,  and  in  accoidanco  with 
the  present  calendar  the  date  is  January  14,  1682,  as  the  year  1681 
did  not  end  until  March  25th. 

-'  The  east  Hue  of  this  tract  was  not  definitely  settled  until  IVOS 
when  Samuel  Clement  ran  the  head-lines  of  the  old  townships  of 
Gloucester  County,  which  eventually  became  the  boundary  line  of 
Atlantic,  Camden  and  Gloucester  Counties. 


that  place  in  the  year  named.  He  does  not  ap- 
pear, in  the  first  few  years  after  his  arrival,  to  have 
attempted  to  make  a  permanent  location,  but  was 
evidently  examining  the  country  with  a  view  to 
finding  a  site  for  himself  and  others  who  were  still 
in  Dublin.  Soon  after  the  arrival  of  the  London 
and  Yorkshire  commissioners  they  described  to 
him  the  locality  and  their  favorable  impressions  of 
the  region  of  country  along  the  river.  It  is  evi- 
dent that  a  company  was  formed  for  the  purpose 
of  emigration  before  he  left  his  native  land,  as  on 
the  12th  of  April,  1677,  a  deed  for  one  whole  share 
of  propriety  was  made  out  by  Edward  Byllynge 
and  his  trustees  to  Robert  Turner,  linen  draper, 
of  Dublin ;  Robert  Zane,  serge-maker,  of  Dublin ; 
Thomas  Thackara,  stuff  weaver,  of  Dublin  ;  Wm. 
Bates,  carpenter,  of  the  county  Wicklow,  and  Jo- 
seph Slight,  tanner,  of  Dublin.  In  the  course  of 
a  few  years  Joseph  Slight  disposed  of  his  interest 
to  Anthony  Sharp,  Mark  Newbie  and  others. 

Thomas  Sharp,  a  nephew  of  Anthony  Sharp, 
came  to  this  country  to  settle  and  to  act  as  agent 
for  his  uncle  in  locating  lands.  He  was  a  surveyor, 
and  was  the  first  clerk  of  the  county  of  Gloucester. 
He  wrote  several  accounts  of  the  first  settlers,  one 
of  which  is  as  follows  : 

"  Ijct  it  be  remembered,  it  having  wrought  upon 
ye  minds  of  some  friends  that  dwelt  in  Ireland, 
but  such  as  formerly  came  thither  from  England  ; 
and  a  pressure  having  laid  upon  them  for  some 
years,  which  they  could  not  gett  from  the  weight 
of  until  they  gave  upp  to  leave  their  friends  and 
relations  there,  together  with  a  comfortable  sub- 
sistence, to  transport  themselves  and  family  into 
this  wilderness  part  of  America,  and  thereby  ex- 
pose themselves  to  difficulties,  which,  if  they  could 
have  been  easy  where  they  were,  in  all  probability 
might  never  have  been  met  with ;  and  in  order 
thereunto  sent  from  Dublin  in  Ireland  to  one 
Thomas  Lurten,  a  friend  in  London,  commander  of 
a  pink,  who  accordingly  came,  and  made  an  agree- 
ment with  him  to  transport  them  and  their  fam- 
elys  into  New  Jersey,  viz. :  Mark  Newbie  and  fam- 
ely,  Thomas  Thackara  and  famely,  William  Bates 
and  famely,  George  Goldsmith,  an  old  man,  and 
Thomas  Sharp,  a  young  man,  but  no  famelys,  and 
whilst  the  ship  abode  in  the  Dublin  Harbor,  pro- 
viding for  the  voyage,  said  Thomas  Lurten  was 
taken  so  ill  that  he  could  not  perform  ye  same,  so 
that  his  mate,  John  Dagger,  undertook  it.  And 
upon  the  Nineteenth  day  of  September,  in  the 
year  of  our  Lord  1681,  we  settsaile  from  the  place 
aforesaid,  and  through  the  good  providence  of  God 
towards  us,  we  arrived  at  Elsinburg  in  the  county 
of  Salem  upon  the  19th  day  of  November  follow- 


■>^^-. 


Copy  of  Thomaa  Sharp's  Map,  made  A.  D.  1700,  and 
B^oiring  the  owners'  namfes  at  that  time,  now  included 
in  Camden  City,  Haddon  and  Delaware  Townships. 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  HADDON. 


639 


ing,  where  we  were  well  entertained  at  the  houses 
of  the  Thompsons,  who  came  from  Ireland  about 
four  years  before,  who,  by  their  industry,  were  ar- 
rived at   a  very  good   degree  of  living,  and  from 
thence  we  went  to   Salem,   where  were   several 
houses   yt  were  vacant  of  persons,  who  had  left 
the  town  to  settle  in  ye  country,  which  served  to 
accommodate  them  for  ye  winter,  and  having  thus 
settled  down  their  famelys,  and  the  winter  proving 
moderate,  we  at  Wickacoa  among  us  purchased  a 
boate  of  the  Swansons  and  so  we  went  to  Burling- 
ton to  the  commissioners,  of  whom  we  obtained  a 
warrant  of  ye  surveyor-general,  which    then  was 
Daniel  Leeds ;  and  after  some  considerable  search 
to  and  fro  in   what  then  was  called  the  Third  or 
Irish  Tenth,  we  at  last  pitched  upon  the  place 
now  called  Newton,  which  was  before  the  settle- 
ment of  Philadelphia,  and  then  applied  to  s*  sur- 
veyor who  came  and  laid  it  out  for  us  and  the  next 
spring,  being  the  beginning  of  the  year  1682,  we 
all  removed  from  Salem  together  with  Robert  Zane, 
that  had  been  settled  there,  who  came  along  from 
Ireland  with  the  Thompsons  before  hinted,  and 
having  expectation  ot  our  coming,  only  bought  a 
lott  in  Salem  Town,  upon  the  which   he    seated 
himself   untell    our    coming,    whose    proprietary 
right  and  ours  being  of  the  same   nature,  could 
not  then  take  it  in  Fenwick's  Tenth,  and  so  be- 
gan  our   settlement,    and   although   we   were   at 
times  pretty  hard  bestead,  having  all  our  provis- 
ions  as   far   as  Salem   to   fetch    by  water,    yett, 
through  the  mercy  and  kindness  of  God,  we  were 
preserved  in  health,  and  from  the  extreme  diffi- 
culties. 

"  And  immediately  there  was  a  meeting  sett  up 
and  kept  at  the  house  of  Mark  Newbie  and  in  a 
short  time  itgrew  and  increased  unto  which  Wil- 
liam Cooper  and  famely  that  lived  at  Poynte  re- 
sorted, and  sometimes  the  meeting  was  kept  at  his 
house,  who  had  been  settled  some  time  before.  Zeal 
and  fervency  of  spirit  was  what,  in  some  degree, 
at  that  time  abounded  among  Friends  in  com- 
memoration of  our  prosperous  success  and  emi- 
nent preservation,  boath  in  our  coming  over  the 
great  deep,  as  allso  that  whereas  we  were  but 
few  at  that  time  and  the  Indians  many,  whereby 
itt  putt  a  dread  upon  our  spirits  considering  they 
were  a  savage  people,  but  ye  Lord  who  hath  the 
hearts  of  all  in  his  hands,  turned  them  so  as  to  be 
serviceable  to  us  and  very  loving  and  kinde,  which 
cannot  be  otherwise  accounted  for.  And  that  the 
rising  generation  may  consider  that  the  settlement 
of  this  country  was  directed  upon  an  impulse  by 
the  spirits  of  God's  people  not  so  much  for  their 
care  and   tranquillity,  but  rather  for  the  poster- 


ity yt  should  be  after  and  that  the  wilderness 
being  planted  with  a  good  seed  might  grow  and 
increase  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  good  husband- 
man. But  instead  thereof,  if  for  wheat  it  should 
bring  forth  trees,  the  cud  of  the  good  husbandman 
will  be  frustrate  and  they  themselves  will  suffer 
loss.  This  narrative  I  have  thought  good  and 
requisite  to  leave  behind,  as  having  had  knowl- 
edge of  things  from  the  beginning." 

Another  account  Thomas  Sharp  wrote  in  Book 
A,  page  98,  of  Gloucester  County  deeds  in  the 
office  of  the  Secretary  of  State  at  Trenton.  Af- 
ter reciting  the  facts  nearly  as  given  above,  he 
continues, — 

"  The  Surveyor-General  was  instructed  to  survey 
unto  every  one  of  us  so  much  land  as  by  ye  consti- 
tution at  yt  time  was  allotted   for  a  settlement 
being  five  hundred  acres,  or  yt  we  had  a  right  to  for 
a  taking  it  up  under,  which  we  accordingly  ob- 
tained.    At  which  time   also  Robert  Lane,  who 
came  from  ye  city  of  Dublin  and  had  been  settled 
in  Salem  four  years  before,  joined  in  with  us  who 
had  a  right  to  a  tenth,  Mark  Newbie  to  a  twentieth, 
Thomas  Thackara  to  a  twentieth,  Thomas  Sharp 
(out  of  his  uncle  Anthony  Sharp's  right)  a  twen- 
tieth and  George  Goldsmith  (under  ye  notion  of 
Thomas  Starkey's  right)  a  tenth,  all  which  of  us 
excepting  William   Bates,   who  took   his   on   ye 
southerly  side  of  Newton  Creek — we  took  our  laud 
in  one  tract  together  for  one  thousand  seven   hun- 
dred  and  fifty   acres,   bounding  in  ye   forks    of 
Newton  Creek  and  so  over  to  Coopers  Creek  and 
by  a  line  of  marked  trees  to  a  small  branch  of  ye 
fork  creek  and  so  down  ye  same  as  by  ye  certificate 
of  it  standing  upon  record  in  ye  Secretary  oflSce  it 
doth  .appear.     And  after  some  time,  finding  some 
inconveniency   in   having   our   land   in   common 
together,  being  at  ye  time  settled  at  ye  place  now 
called  Newton  in  ye  manner  of  a  town,  for  fear  as 
aforesaid,  at  which  being  removed  we  came  to  an 
agreement  to  divide,  George  Goldsmith  be  chosen 
for  the  head  of  the  creek,  Thomas  Sharp  the  forks 
or  lower  end  of  the  laud  next  toward  the  river,  by 
which  means  the  rest  kept  to  their  settlements 
without  any  disadvantage  to  themselves.     And  so 
ye   land  was   divided   according  to   every  man's 
right.     But  it  is  to  be  understood,  as  I  have  so 
much  hinted  before,  that  by  ye  constitution  of  ye 
country   at  yt  time,  no  person,   let  his  right  be 
never  so  great,  should  survey  and  take  up  above 
five  hundred  acres  in  one  tract  to  make  one  settle- 
ment of,  and  yt  within  six  months  or-  otherwise  it 
was  free  for  any  other  person  that  had  rights  to 
land  to  survey  it  to  himself,  as  if  it  had  never  been 
taken  up  for  any  other  person.    Whereupon  many 


640 


HISTOEY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


were  obliged,  in  order  to  secure  good  places  to 
themselves,  to  give  one  hundred  acres  to  secure  the 
rest,  and  many  were  deterred  from  taking  up  their 
land  yt  could  not  find  means  to  secure  it,  least 
they  should  spend  money  to  no  profit.  Now  ye 
state  of  ye  case  touching  George  Goldsmith  (hav- 
ing a  full  and  certain  knowledge  thereof)  is  this 
wise:  Thomas  Starkey  did  desire  and  order 
George  Goldsmith  to  take  up  some  land  for  him  in 
West  Jersey,  where  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose  he 
had  a  right,  but  brought  nothing  with  him  to  make 
it  appear,  and  ye  commissioners  at  yt  time  gave 
way  by  ye  credit  of  the  report  of  ye  rest  concerned 
that  he  might  take  up  five  hundred  acres,  but  it 
never  was  returned  in  Starkey's  name.  George 
Goldsmith  being  uneasy  under  ye  circumstances,  he 
writ  several  times  to  Thomas  Starkey  giving  him 
to  understand  he  had  taken  up  five  hundred  acres 
of  land  for  him,  provided  he  would  allow  him  one 
hundred  acres  of  it  for  settling  the  same,  as  a 
general  custom  then  was ;  the  letters  either  mis- 
carried, or  otherwise  the  demand  being  ungrateful 
to  him  he  answered  them  in  silence.  Supposing 
as  it  may  be  supposed  yt  ye  land  being  taken  up 
for  him  could  not  be  taken  from  him  it  could  not  be 
allowed  .  .  .  whereupon  George  made  application 
to  Robert  Turner  and  layeth  his  case  before  him 
signifying  if  he  would  allow  him  one  hundred 
acres  of  yt  land  whereon  he  had  made  his  improve- 
ments he  would  suffer  him  to  take  up  yt  five  hun- 
dred acres  in  his  own  right.  Robert  taking  the 
matter  in  due  consideration  and  searching  the 
records  at  Burlington  about  it  and  finding  it  so  to 
be  recorded  in  George  Goldsmith's  name,  who  had 
no  right  at  any  time  to  take  up  any  land  in  yt 
province,  agrees  to  survey  it  for  himself,  and  ac- 
cordingly did,  and  records  it  as  such  in  the  Secre- 
tary's Ofiice,  conveys  one  hundred  acres  of  ye  same 
according  to  agreement  to  George  Goldsmith  and 
unto  his  heirs  and  assigns  forever.  The  other  four 
hundred  acres  he  sold  unto  Isaac  Hollingsham. 
The  foregoing  is  a  true  relation  of  yt  settlement  of 
Newton,  as  also  a  true  and  impartial  account  of 
ye  foregoing  tract  of  land  settled  by  George  Gold- 
smith. Given  under  my  hand  the  3*  month  3"" 
1718. 

"  Thomas  Sharp, 
"  Allowed  by  John  Kay,  the  3"  month  4'"  1718." 
In  addition  to  the  tract  of  seventeen  hundred 
and  fifty  acres,  these  persons  located  a  tract  of  one 
hundred  acres  of  meadow  land  at  the  mouth  of 
Kaighns  Run,  on  both  sides  of  it  and  fronting  the 
Delaware  River,  now  in  the  city  of  Camden.  This 
was  done  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  hay  for  their 
cattle,  and  was  divided  into  smaller  tracts  in  1684. 


Robert  Zane,  in  the  allotment,  took  a  tract  on  the 
Delaware  south  to  the  stream  and  Robert  Turner 
took  the  part  south  of  it  also  on  the  Delaware.  The 
other  tracts  were  up  the  Run  and  were  long  and 
narrow,  with  the  Run  passing  through  each,  Thomas 
Sharp  adjoining  Zane  and  Turner,  and  in  order 
above  were  the  lots  of  William  Bates,  Thomas 
Thackara  and  Hannah  Newbie,  the  widow  of 
Mark. 

It  has  been  mentioned  that  William  Bates  lo- 
cated on  the  south  side  of  the  middle  branch  of  New- 
ton Greek.  In  the  division  of  the  large  tract  lying 
south  of  the  middle  branch,  Thomas  Sharp's  por- 
tion lay  on  the  main  stream  and  up  the  south 
branch.  Next  above  was  Mark  Newbie,  Thomas 
Thackara,  Robert  Zane  and  the  Robert  Turner 
(Starkey)  tract. 

William  Roydon,  a  grocer  of  London,  located 
the  first  tract  of  land,  four  hundred  and  fifty  acres, 
at  the  site  of  Camden,  September  20,  1681,  and  a 
little  later  William  Cooper  located  a  survey  of 
three  hundred  acres  (which  bears  date  June  12 
1682),  at  Pyne  Point  (now  known  as  Coopers 
Point),  where  there  was  a  large  Indian  settlement 
under  the  chieftain  Arasapha.  Cooper  came  from 
Coles  Hill,  England,  in  1678,  and  settled  at  Bur- 
lington, from  which  place  he  removed  to  Pyne 
Point  upon  the  location  of  the  land  above  alluded 
to. 

Francis  Collins,  in  October,  1682,  located  a  tract 
of  five  hundred  acres  of  land,  a  part  of  which  is 
now  the  site  of  Haddonfield. 

Samuel  Coles  and  Thomas  Howell  settled  in  the 
limits  of  the  present  townships  of  Delaware  and 
Stockton.  A  few  other  settlers  followed  in  the 
same  year.  The  land  on  which  Zane,  Thackara, 
Newbie,  Sharp,  Bates  and  Goldsmith  settled  was 
surveyed  to  them  March  10,  1681,  and  soon  after 
that  time  it  was  divided. 

Early  Settlers  and  their  Descendants. 
— Robert  Zane,  who  was  the  pioneer  in  the  move- 
ment, had  in  the  division  selected  five  hundred 
acres  on  the  upper  course  of  the  creek,  which  ex- 
tended from  Newton  Creek  to  Coopers  Creek,  and 
which  now  includes  the  property  of  Edward  C. 
Knight  and  others.  He  was  elected  to  the  first 
Legislature  of  the  province  in  1682,  re-elected  in 
1685,  and  was  constable  of  the  township  in  1684-85. 

In  Sharp's  map  of  1700  his  house  is  marked  as 
being  along  the  middle  branch  of  Newton  Creek,  a 
short  distance  above  where  the  Camden  and  White 
Horse  turnpike  crosses  that  stream.  He  was  mar- 
ried, in  1679,  to  Alice  Alday,  of  Burlington,  sup- 
posed to  be  an  Indian  maiden,  and  had  several 
children,  of  whom  nothing  is  known.     His  second 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  HADDON. 


641 


wife  was  Elizabeth  Willis,  of  Hempstead,  L.  I. 
She  died  in  1700,  leaving  five  children.  The  fam- 
ily emigrated  to  the  West,  where  the  name  became 
noted  in  the  early  settlements  about  Wheeling, Va. 
and  Zanesville,  O.  '       ' 

Edward  C.  Knight,  long  and  prominently 
identified  with  the  internal  improvements  of  New 
Jersey  and  Pennsylvania,  was  born  within  the 
present  territory  of  Camden  County  on  the  8th 
day  of  December,  1813.  Giles  Knight,,  his  pater- 
nal ancestor,  was  a  native  of  Gloucestershire, 
England,  came  to  America  in  1683  with  William 
Penn  in  the  "Welcome,"  and  settled  in  Byberry, 
where  he  died  in  1726.  Jonathan  and  Rebecca 
CoUings  Knight,  the  parents  of  E.  C.  Knight,  were 
members  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  His  father  died 
in  1823,  before  E.  C.  Knight  was  ten  years  old,  and 
his  mother  followed  in  1867,  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
eight. 

Jonathan  and  Rebecca  Knight  had  seven  chil- 
dren; four  sons  died  young;  those  living  are— E. 
C,  Martha  W.  (wife  of  Jas.  H.  Stephenson)  and 
Sarah  C.  (widow  of  Aaron  A.  Hurley).  E.  C. 
Knight  was  married  to  Anna  M.  Magill,  July  20, 
1841,  by  whom  he  had  five  children,  three  of  whom 
are  dead,— Jonathan  at  the  age  of  twenty-five, 
Anna,  six  years,  and  Ed.  C,  Jr.,  twenty  months. 
Those  left  are  Annie  C.  and  Ed.  C.  Knight,  Jr., 
who  was  married,  June  31, 1886,  to  Miss  Clara  Wa- 
terman Dwight,  daughter  of  Edmund  P.  and 
Clara  W.  Dwight  of  Philadelphia. 

In  1830,  Edw.  C.  Knight  entered  mercantile  life 
as  a  clerk  in  a  store  at  Kaighns  Point,  now  the 
southern  part  of  the  city  of  Camden,  and  contin- 
ued in  that  position  two  years.     In  1832  he  went 
to  Philadelphia  and  was  engaged  as  clerk  in  the 
grocery  store  of  Atkinson    &   Cuthbert,    at    the 
South  Street  wharf  on  the  Delaware  River.     In 
May,  1836,  he  established  a  grocery  store  on  Sec- 
ond Street,  giving  his  mother  an  interest  in  the 
business.     A  few  years  later  he  obtained  a  share 
in  the  schooner  "  Baltimore,"  and  was  engaged  in 
the  importation  of  coffee   and   other   products  of 
the  West  Indies  to  Philadelphia.     In  September, 
1846,  he  removed  to  the  southeast  corner  of  Chest- 
nut and  Water  Streets  and  there  carried  on  the 
wholesale  grocery,  commission,  importing  and  re- 
fining business,  first  alone,  and  subsequently  the 
firm  of  E.  C.  Knight  &  Co.  was  formed.     In  1849 
this  firm  became  interested  in  the  California  trade, 
and  owned  and  sent  out  the  first  steamer  that  ever 
plied  the   waters   above   Sacramento  City.     This 
firm  also  originated  the  business  of  importing  mo- 
lasses and  sugar  from  Cuba  to  the  United  States 
and  has  since  been  extensively  engaged  in  the  re- 


fining of  sugar.  Two  large  molasses-houses  and 
one  extensive  refinery  at  Bainbridge  Street  and 
one  at  Queen  Street  wharf,  Philadelphia,  have  been 
operated  by  E.  C.  Knight  &  Co.,  and  have  been  for 
the  past  twenty-five  years.  The  size  and  capacity 
of  the  refinery  can  be  comprehended  when  it  is 
stated  that  it  is  usual  to  turn  out  from  one  thou- 
sand to  fifteen  hundred  barrels  of  sugar  per  day. 

But  while  for  many  years  Mr.  Knight  has  been 
looked  upon  as  one  of  Philadelphia's  most  promi- 
nent and  most  honored  merchants,  he  has  of  late 
been  mainly  recognized  as  one  of  the  leading  rail- 
road managers  of  the  Quaker  City.  Years  ago  he 
was  a  director  in  the  Lackawanna  and  Bloomsburg, 
the  West  Jersey  and  other  railroad  companies. 
Finally  he  became  a  director  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  Company.  It  was  largely  through  his 
instrumentality,  as  chairman  of  a  committee  of  the 
latter  corporation,  that  the  American  Steamship 
Line,  between  Philadelphia  and  Europe,  was 
established,  and  Mr.  Knight  was  pre.sident  of  the 
steamship  line  in  question.  He  finally  withdrew 
from  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  Company  and  thereafter  his  interests 
were  centred  elsewhere.  He  was  a  director  in  the 
Central  Railroad  Company  of  New  Jersey  and 
was  from  1876  to  1880  its  president.  In  1874 
Mr.  Knight  was  chosen  president  of  the  Bound 
Brook  Railroad  Company,  a  position  which  he 
now  holds.  He  was  a  director  in  the  Philadelphia 
and  Reading  and  in  the  North  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road Companies. 

Mr.  Knight  has  at  various  times  been  connected 
with  a  number  of  institutions  of  high  standing  in 
this  city.  He  has,  however,  withdrawn  from  all 
banking  and  trust  companies  except  the  Guarantee 
Trust  and  Safe  Deposit  Company,  of  which  he  is 
at  present  the  vice-president. 

While  not  an  ofiice-seeker,  Mr.  Knight  is  in 
every  sense  of  the  word  a  public  man.  In  1856 
he  was  nominated  by  the  American,  Whig  and 
Reform  parties  for  Congress,  in  the  old  First  Dis- 
trict of  Pennsylvania.  In  1860  he  was  an  elector 
on  the  Republican  Presidential  ticket  from  the 
same  district.  He  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention  in  1873,  his  sound  opin- 
ions and  advice  as  a  business  man  having  material 
weight  in  the  formulation  of  much  of  the  best 
material  in  the  present  organic  law  of  the  Com- 
monwealth. In  December,  1883,  he  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  Park  Commission  by  the  judges 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas. 

In  semi-public  affairs  Mr.  Knight  has  likewise 
been  a  prominent  factor.  He  is,  and  has  for 
years  been,   one  of  the  directors  of  the  Union 


642 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


League  and  is  now  one  of  its  yico-presidents.  He 
was  also  the  president  and  one  of  the  most  active 
promoters  of  the  Bi-Centennial  Association  of 
]8S2. 

Mr.  Knight  is  in  every  sense  of  the  word  one 
of  Philadelphia's  most  public-spirited  citizens, 
and  a  man  whose  name  is  a  synonym  for  integrity 
and  honor. 

On  the  evening  of  May  7,  188C,  a  banquet  was 
given  to  E.  C.  Knight,  and  the  Kvcniiui  liullctiii  of 
that  date  has  an  article  in  reference  to  it,  a  part  of 
which  we  quote, — 

"Fii'TY  \'i:ahs  in  Busim:ss.— A  'rESTiMONiAi.  Banquet  to  Mu. 
E.  0.  Kniciit  TIMS  "KvENiNi;  AT  TiiK  Union  LEAtM'K.  — I'Mfty  yofti's 
ago  to-diiy  Eilward  C.  Knit^lit,  wlin,  Id  the  last  half  century,  has  de- 
veloped into  oneof  thL'  moat  prominent  of  Philadelphia's  citizens,  en- 
tered the  grocery  buHineMa  on  Second  Street,  opposite  Almond,  lie 
was  then  but  twenty-three  years  of  ago,  but  ho  siion  evinced  a  n'- 
markable  tact  and  conunorciiil  encrjiy,  and  in  a  short  time  became 
the  head  of  the  firm  of  E.  I'.  Knight  it  Co.,  \vluch  conducted  the 
wholesale  grocery,  commission,  importing,  shipping  and  sugar  re- 
finery business  on  a  large  scale.  Some  weeks  ago  a  number  of  citi- 
zens conceivnd  the  idea  of  celebrating  (liellftieth  anniversary  of  the 
birth  of  Mr.  Knight's  business  career,  and  aa  a  result  of  the  move- 
ment then  started,  a  banquet  will  be  given  this  evening  in  his  honor 
at  the  Union  League.  The  Commitloc  of  Arrangements  was  or- 
ganized a  mouth  ago,  with  Mr.  John  Wananiaker,  chairman  ;  Mr. 
Wm.  1 1.  Rhawn,  secretary  ;  and  Mr.  Geo.  S.  Fox,  treasurer;  tlio 
chair  named  the  following  sub-coinmittees  : 

"  CLiinmittci'on  invitations — Mi^ssrw.  Tlios.  (Sichran,  Honi-y  Lewis 
and  Bonj.  Reiff.  Committee  un  Bistiuguisbed  (iuests — Messrs. 
Clayton  MoMichael,  E.  IT.  Fitter  and  .T.  "Wesley  Snpplee.  i'om- 
u'ittee  on  Banquet — IMossrs.  Joseph  F.  Tobias,  Wni.  U.  Hurley  and 
Geo.  S.  Fox.  Committee  un  Speakers— Messrs.  Alex.  P.  Coleaberry, 
Chaa.  IT.  Cramp  and  Hamilton  Disston.  The  price  of  subscriptionH 
to  the  banquet  was  fixed  at  ten  dollars  per  head  and  the  number 
limited  tu  two  hundred,  the  capacity  of  the  banqueting  hall  of  the 
League. 

"Amougtlie  move  prominent  gentlemen  who  have  been  tenderi'd 
invitations  and  wlio  are  expected  to  lie  present  are  :  Bi'esident  Liar 
rett  and  Vice-President  King,  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad 
Company ;  ex-Senutor  Cattell,  of  New  Jersey;  Liovernur  Pattison, 
Attorney-General  (lasaidy,  Chief  Jusliee  Mtircur,  e.\-Governor 
Bcdle,  Chancellor  Rnnyonand  Chief  Justice  Beasley,  of  New  Jersey 
Mayor  Smith  and  Geo.  B.  Roberts. 

"  The  toasts  and  addii'sacH  will  be  as  folluwH ;  'Our  GuesI,'  re 
sponded  tn  by  Mr.  Knight  ;  '  The  State  of  Penuflylvitnia,'  Attorney- 
General  Cassidy  ;  'Slate  of  New  Jersey,' A.  G.  Cattell;  'Judiciai-y 
of  Pennsylvania,'  (Ihief  Jiislice  Mwrciir;  'City  of  l^hiladelphia,' 
Maym-  Sniitli  ;  '  Grocers  of  Philadelphia,'  John  Hough  ; '  Our  Mann- 
fncturerri,'  .las.  Dobsou  ;  '  The  Press,'  Colonel  Clayton  McMichael  ; 
'Commercial  As-sociatien  of  Philadelphia,'  Julm  Price  NA'etherill." 

The  banquet  was  a  great  success  and  a  well  mer- 
ited eomplimeiit  to  an  honnrttble  business  career 
of  fifty  years. 

Thomas  Sharp,  one  of  the  party  who  eame  over 
in  September,  1681,  was  the  nephew  of  Anthony 
Sharp,  of  Dublin,  a  wealthy  merchant,  who  became 
possessed  of  several  shares  of  the  propriety  and 
conveyed  to  Thomas  a  part,  who,  upon  his  arrival, 
acted  as  the  agent  of  his  uni'le  in  the  sale  and  loca- 
tion of  the  remainder.  He  was  then  a  young  man 
and  soon  gained  the  confidence  of  his  companions 


and  became  the  leader  in  many  directions.  His 
records  of  the  events  of  the  time  are  unquestioned 
authority.  He  became  constable  of  the  Irish  Tenth 
in  1682,  and  acted  with  the  same  authority  as  sher- 
iff. He  wa.s  active  in  the  organization  of  the 
county  of  Gloucester  and  has  left  the  account  of 
that  action  in  the  court  records.  He  was  made 
clerk  of  the  new  county  and  was  also  a  surveyor. 
The  majis,  surveys,  memoranda  and  other  papers 
are  of  much  value,  both  for  historical  purposes  and 
for  determining  land  titles.  In  1685  he  was  chosen 
member  of  Assembly.  In  1689  he  laid  out  the  town 
of  Gloucester  and  in  the  same  year  wtis  jippoinled 
one  of  a  commission  to  run  the  boundary  line 
between  Gloucester  and  Burlington  Counties.  In 
1700  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  judges  of  the 
county  of  Gloucester,  and  was  also  one  of  the 
trustees  of  Newton  Friends'  Meeting,  and  no  doubt 
assisted  in  the  erection  of  the  first  house  of  wor- 
ship. He  surveyed  the  lot  and  wrote  the  deed  for 
the  Haddonfield  Meeting  in  1721.  His  name  ap- 
pears upon  the  records  of  Burlington,  Salem  and 
Wodtlbury  oftoner  than  that  of  any  other  man  of 
the  time  in  which  he  lived. 

In  the  division  of  the  large  tractof  land  he  says, 
"  I  took  the  forks,  or  lower  end  of  the  land  next 
towards  the  river."  Upon  this  he  built,  cleared 
part  of  it  for  farming  purposes  and  improved  some 
meadow  land.  On  the  map  executed  by  hinisell', 
his  house  is  marked  as  being  on  the  bank  of  New- 
ton Creek.  In  1708  he  was  made  ranger  of  the 
county,  and  in  1723  began  to  keep  the  records  in  the 
town-book  of  Newton,  which  he  continued  till 
1728,  when  his  son  Samuel  succeeded  him.  He 
died  the  next  year,  1729,  and  was  probably  buried 
in  the  old  Newton  burying-ground.  He  married 
Elizabeth  Winn  in  1701,  by  whom  he  had  eight 
children.  In  172o  he  gave  to  his  son  Samuel  part 
of  the  homestead  property  and  part  to  his  son 
John,  who,  in  1731,  sold  to  his  brother  Samuel  and 
moved  to  I;ondoii,  where  he  carried  on  the  business 
of  a  weaver.  Samuel  sold  the  land  to  Tobias  Hol- 
loway.  The  property  was  known  as  the  Bur- 
roughs Farm  and  later  was  owned  by  the  Cham- 
pions. A  daughter,  Elizabeth,  married  John  Hoi- 
lowell,  of  Darby,  Pa.,  where  her  descendants  are 
numerous. 

Mark  Newbie's  tractin  the  division  is  marked  by 
Thomas  Sharp  as  lying  opposite  to  William  Bates', 
and  his  house  as  being  nearly  opposite  that  of 
of  Bates.  He  was  an  Englishman,  a  resident  of 
London  and  a  tallow  chandler  and  a  member  of 
the  Society  of  Friends.  The  persecutions  against 
the  Society  had  led  him,  with  many  others,  to  re- 
move to  Dublin,  with  a  view  of  emigrating  to 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OP  HAJDDON. 


643 


America.  He  joined  Sharp,  Bates,  Thackara  and 
others,  and  came  with  them.  It  was  at  his  house 
the  first  religious  meeting  of  Friends  was  set  up 
and  continued  until  the  meeting-house  was  built, 
in  1684.  He  also  was  the  founder  of  the  first  bank 
in  the  State  of  New  Jersey. 

A  charter  was  granted  to  him  at  the  session  of 
the  Legislature  in  May,  1682,  which  provided  "that 
Mark  Newby's  half-pence  called  Patrick's  half- 
pence, shall  from  and  after  the  eighteenth  instant 
pass  for  half-pence  current  pay  of  the  Province, 
provided  he  give  sufficient  security  to  the  Speaker 
of  the  House,  and  provided  no  person  or  persons 
shall  be  obliged  to  take  more  than  five  shillings  in 
one  payment." 

He  died  in  1683,  and  his  bank  was  discontinued. 
The  half-penny  was  .struck  in  Ireland  after  the 
massacre  of  Roman  Catholics  in  1641,  simply  to 
commemorate  the  event,  and  did  not  circulate  as 
coin  in  the  old  country.  It,  however,  was  brought 
here  in  quantities,  and  being  recognized  by  the 
Legislature  in  the  charter  to  Mark  Newby,  it  an- 
swered their  purpose  for  several  years.  Mark 
Newby  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  in  May, 
1682,  and  was  selected  a  member  of  the  Governor's 
Council.  He  was  also  one  of  the  commissioners 
for  the  division  of  land  in  ihe  province  and  one  of 
the  committee  of  ways  and  means  to  raise  money 
for  the  use  of  the  government.  He  left  a  widow, 
Hannah  (who,  in  1685,  married  James  Atkinson), 
two  sons,  Stephen  and  Edward,  and  two  daughters, 
Rachel  and  Elizabeth,  all  of  whom  came  to  this 
country  with  their  father. 

Stephen  Newby,  in  1703,  married  Elizabeth  Wood, 
daughter  of  Henry,  and  settled  on  the  homestead 
and  died  in  1706,  leaving  two  children, — Mark  and 
Hannah ;  the  former  died  in  1735,  and  Hannah 
married  Joseph  Thackara.  Edward  Newby,  in 
1706,  married  Hannah  Chew,  and  settled  on  the 
north  of  the  fork  branch  on  three  hundred  and 
fifty  acres  of  land  his  father  owned.  He  died  in 
1715  and  left  several  children,  of  whom  Gabriel 
married  and  left  a  son  John,  who,  March  14,  1764 
conveyed  all  the  unso  Id  land  to  Isaac  Cooper,  in 
whose  name  and  family  it  still  remains. 

Elizabeth,  a  daughter  of  Mark  Newby,  in  1714, 
married  John  Hugg,  whose  first  wife  was  Priscilla 
Collins.  They  resided  near  Gloucester,  where  Lit- 
tle Timber  Creek  falls  into  Great  Timber  Creek. 
It  is  through  the  families  of  Hugg  and  Thackara 
that  the  family  is  now  represented  in  the  county. 
Rachel  Newby,  a  daughter  of  Mark,  probably  the 
eldest  child,  married  Isaac  Decou,  in  1695,  and 
settled  in  Burlington  County,  where  part  of  the 
family  still  resides. 


Thomas  Thackara,  who  settled  above  Mark 
Newby,  went  from  near  L  eeds,  England,  to  Dub- 
lin, to  escape  persecution,  as  did  many  of  the 
Friends.  He  was  a  "  stuff  weaver,"  and,  in  1677, 
was  one  of  the  grantees  of  the  deed  made  to  Robert 
Turner,  William  Bates,  Mark  Newby  and  others, 
for  real  estate  in  New  Jersey,  and  in  1681  he  came 
to  this  country  with  the  party  of  emigrants  who 
had  decided  to  settle  upon  the  Third  or  Irish 
Tenth.  He  was  the  first  to  separate  his  interest 
from  the  others,  and  took  two  hundred  and  fifty 
acres  as  his  share ;  and  in  1695  he  purchased  two 
hundred  acres  of  land  of  Isaac  Holiingsham,  part 
of  the  Robert  Turner  tract,  which  extended  his  es- 
tate from  Newton  Creek  to  Coopers  Creek.  The 
tract  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  acres  first  taken  up 
embraced  the  old  Newton  graveyard,  near  which 
the  old  meeting-house  stood.  His  house  was  situ- 
ated on  the  site  of  the  present  farm  buildings  on 
the  John  Campbell  farm,  where  he  continued  until 
his  death,  about  1702.  The  land,  except  sixty 
acres,  descended  to  his  son  Benjamin,  who  con- 
veyed fifty  acres  to  his  brother-in-law,  John  East- 
lack,  and  devised  the  remainder  to  his  son  Joseph, 
who  resurveyed  it  in  1760.  It  passed  to  his  son 
Stephen,  and  from  him  to  his  sons,  Joseph,  James 
and  Thomas,  and  from  them  to  strangers. 

Thomas  Thackara  became  a  member  of  the  first 
Legislature  in  1682,  and  in  the  same  year  was  ap- 
pointed, with  Mark  Newby  and  William  Cooper, 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  court  for  the  Irish  Tenth, 
and  there  continued  until  1685.  He  was  appoint- 
ed one  of  the  land  commissioners  of  the  province 
and  was,  with  William  Cooper,  selected  by  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends  to  sign  the  address  of  the  Newton 
Meeting  to  the  Yearly  Meeting  of  London,  protest- 
ing against  the  conduct  of  George  Keith.  His  first 
wife  died  in  a  few  years,  and  in  1689  he  was  married 
to  Hepzibah  Eastlack,  a  daughter  of  Francis 
Eastlack,  at  the  house  of  James  Atkinson.  His 
children  were  Benjamin  (who,  in  1707,  married 
Mary,  a  daughter  of  William  Cooper,  who  settled 
at  Coopers  Point),  Thomas,  Hannah,  Sarah  and 
Hepzibah.  Benjamin  died  in  1727  and  left  three 
children, — Joseph,  Hannah  and  Mary.  Hannah 
Thackara,  daughter  of  Thomas,  married  John 
Whitall,  at  her  father's  house,  in  1696,  at  which 
time  her  father  presented  her  a  deed  for  sixty 
acres  of  land,  part  of  the  homestead  estate.  It  is 
now  included  in  the  Decosta  property. 

William  Bates,  a  carpenter,  in  1670,  lived  in  the 
county  of  Wicklow,  Ireland,  and  was  a  regular  at- 
tendant at  meetings  of  Friends,  at  one  of  which  he 
was,  with  others,  seized,  taken  to  jail  and  confined 
several  weeks.      The  persecution  of  Friends  con- 


644 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


tinued,  and  many  were  discussing  the  question  of 
emigration.  In  the  grant  from  Edward  Byllinge 
and  trustees  and  others  to  Robert  Turner,  linen 
draper,  of  Dublin ;  Robert  Zane,  serge-maker,  of 
Dublin ;  Thomas  Thackara,  stuff-weaver,  of  Dub- 
lin. William  Bates  is  also  mentioned  as  carpenter 
and  of  the  county  of  Wicklow.  It  will  be  remem- 
bered that  Robert  ^ane  preceded  the  others  to  this 
country  and  selected  a  site  on  which  they  were  to 
settle.  William  Bates,  for  some  reason  unknown, 
located  two  hundred  and  fifty  acres  on  the  south 
side  of  the  middle  branch  of  the  stream,  while  the 
others  were  on  the  north  side.  Two  years  later  he 
made  another  survey  adjoining,  and  of  the  same 
number  of  acres,  and  also  purchased  a  tract  of 
Robert  Turner  adjoining,  which  is  now  known 
as  the  Ridgeway  and  Eldridge  lands.  His  house 
was  located  on  the  Ridgeway  farm,  near  the  mouth 
of  Bates  Bun.  He,  as  a  carpenter,  doubtless 
planned  and  constructed  the  old  log  meeting- 
house at  Newton,  in  1684.  In  1683  and  1684 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  from  the 
Irish  Tenth.  He  died  in  1700,  and  left  children 
who  had  reached  maturity, — Jeremiah,  Joseph 
(who,  in  1701,  married  Mercy  Clement),  Abi- 
gail (married  Joshua  Frame,  in  1687),  Wil- 
liam and  Sarah.  The  latter  became  the  wife 
of  Simeon  Ellis.  Jeremiah  married  Mary, 
a  daughter  of  Samuel  Spicer,  settled  on  part 
of  the  original  tract,  and  left  it  to  his  son  William. 
The  greater  part  of  the  estate  is  now  owned  by 
Joseph  C.  Hollinshead,  Edward  and  William  Bet- 
tie.  It  was  on  the  Bates  tract  the  Camden  and 
Philadelphia  race-course  was  built,  in  later  years, 
an  account  of  which  is  here  given. 

George  Goldsmith,  who  Thomas  Sharp  describes 
as  "  an  old  man,"  came  over  in  the  pink  called 
"  Ye  Owner's  Adventure,"  with  the  other  settlers, 
and  was  the  last  of  the  six  who  formed  the  early 
settlement  of  Newton.  He  was  a  poor  man, 
and  had  no  rights  to  property.  It  is  evident, 
however,  that  he  was  authorized  to  locate  five  hun- 
dred acres  for  one  Thomas  Starkey,  as  he  was  al- 
lowed to  do  so,  and  his  right  was  included 
in  the  tract  of  seventeen  hundred  and  fifty 
acres.  In  the  division  of  this  tract  his  survey  ex- 
tended from  Newton  Creek  to  Coopers  Creek. 
Upon  close  investigation  it  was  found  Starkey  fail- 
ed to  complete  the  title,  and  Goldsmith  induced 
Robert  Turner  to  take  out  a  title  to  the  survey 
and  to  give  him  one  hundred  acres  for  his  trouble, 
as  was  the  custom.  This  was  done,  and  Turner 
granted  to  Goldsmith  one  hundred  acres,  in  two 
tracts — eighty  acres  on  the  north  branch  of  Newton 
Creek,  and  twenty  acres  evidently  at  the  mouth  of 


the  same,  as  is  shown  by  Thomas  Sharp's  map. 
This  last  tract  was  of  the  land  located  by  Sharp, 
but,  in  1700,  appears  to  be  Turner's.  The  deed  passed 
from  Turner  to  Goldsmith  30th  of  Ninth  Month, 
1687,  and  was  sold  by  him  the  next  day  to  Stephen 
Newby.  He  purchased  eighty  acres  of  land,  adjoin- 
ing his  upper  lot,  of  Francis  Collins.  This  increased 
his  tract  to  one  hundred  acres,  and  it  is  marked  on  the 
creek  "  about  as  high  as  the  tide  flows."  The  place 
is  still  known  as  Goldsmith's  Field.  He  built 
a  grist-mill  at  the  place  wh-ere  the  present  mill  of 
J.  J.  Schnitzius  is  located.  The  land  is  known  as 
the  James  Dobbs  farm.  The  remainder  of  the 
Goldsmith-Starkey  tract  of  five  hundred  acres 
Robert  Turner  sold,  in  1693,  to  Isaac  Hollingsham, 
whose  son  Isaac  later  sold  it  to  Sarah  Ellis,  widow 
of  Simeon.  Her  son  Joseph  settled  upon  it  and  in 
time  it  passed  out  of  the  name,  but  still  remained 
in  the  family,  and  was  bought  by  Jacob  Stokes, 
who,  in  1749,  married  Priscilla  Ellis. 

Goldsmith  appears  to  have  owned  other  lands, 
as,  in  1693,  he  sold  rights  to  William  Albertson, 
and,  in  1694,  land  to  Nicholas  Smith,  in  1695  one 
hundred  acres  to  John  Iverson,  and  in  1697  one 
hundred  acres  to  Margaret  Ivins.  This  land  was 
all  in  Newton  towship,  and  near  the  place  of  his 
first  settlement.  He  evidently  moved  from  this 
region,  as  his  name  disappears  soon  after. 

Robert  Turner,  although  never  a  resident  of 
New  Jersey,  was  interested  with  the  first  settlers 
of  Newton,  and  was  one  of  the  grantees  of  the 
deed  made,  in  April,  1677,  for  real  estate  in  New 
Jersey.  He  was  an  Irish  Quaker,  and  engaged 
in  merchandising  in  the  city  of  Dublin.  After 
the  grant  of  the  territory  of  Pennsylvania  to  Wil- 
liam Penn,  with  whom  he  was  intimately  associa- 
ted, he  closed  his  business  in  Ireland  and  removed 
to  Philadelphia  in  1683.  Mention  has  been  made 
of  his  dealings  with  George  Goldsmith  ;  he  also 
purchased  other  and  large  tracts  of  land  in  the 
township,  parts  of  which  are  now  in  the  city  of 
Camden.  The  land  of  the  Graysburys,  on  the 
south  side  of  the  main  branch  of  Newton  Creek, 
was  located  by  him,  and  during  the  first  five  years 
of  the  settlement  he  was  probably  the  largest  land- 
owner. In  1685,  although  not  resident  of  the 
colony,  he  was  choseu  a  representative  of  the 
Third  Tenth  in  the  Legislature  of  West  New  Jer- 
sey. His  lands  in  the  township  were  gradually 
sold  to  others,  who  settled  upon  them. 

In  the  year  1692  James,  Joseph  and  Benjamin 
Graysbury,  brothers  and  ship  carpenters,  came 
from  the  Island  of  Bermuda  to  Philadelphia,  and 
the  next  year  purchased  five  hundred  acres  of 
land  mentioned  above  of  Robert  Turner.     James 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  HADDON. 


645 


died  in  1700,  and  left  his  share  of  the  estate  to  his 
son  James  and  two  sisters,  who,  in  1722,  sold  their 
interest  to  James,  who  had  settled  upon  it.  Joseph, 
one  of  the  brothers,  died  without  issue,  and  his 
interest  passed  to  James,  his  nephew.  In  1720  the 
children  of  Benjamin  sold  their  interest  in  the 
tract  to  James.  Before  the  death  of  the  brothers, 
and  in  1696,  John  Willis,  a  ship  carpenter  of 
Philadelphia,  bought  fifty  acres  of  the  tract.  It 
was  at  the  head  of  navigation  of  the  branch,  and 
the  locality  was  later  known  as  Atmore's  Dam. 
John  Willis  built  at  the  place  a  small  brick  house, 
one  and  a  half  stories  high,  with  a  hipped  roof, 
small  windows  and  low,  narrow  doors.  The  main 
road  leading  from  Philadelphia  to  Egg  Harbor, 
crossed  the  stream  at  the  place,  and  the  house  was 
used  as  a  tavern  by  Joseph  Kirlee,  whose  son 
John,  in  1718,  sold  the  property  to  Thomas  At- 
more,  by  whom  it  was  owned  until  his  death,  in 
1773,  when  it  passed  to  Caleb  Atmore,  who,  in  1783, 
sold  it  to  Benjamin  Graysbury.  The  original 
Graysbury  tract  includes  the  late  Joseph  Few 
Smith  (now  William  Bettle)  estate  on  the  east  and 
other  lands  westward.  The  old  Graysbury  grave- 
yard is  on  this  tract.  The  Atmore  Dam  is  men- 
tioned in  old  records  and  papers,  and  was  built  to 
protect  the  meadows  in  the  vicinity  from  overflow 
by  the  tides. 

Francis  Collins,  who  came  to  this  country  about 
1678,  was   a   bricklayer  of  London  and  a  Friend. 
He  was  married  in  1663,  and  conducted  his  busi- 
ness in  that  city.     For  his  adherence  to  the  prin- 
ciples  of  the   Friends    he   was  imprisoned  with 
many  others.     The  Friends'  Meeting-house  in  the 
parish  of  Stepney,  in  the  city  of  London,  was  de- 
stroyed by  a  mob,  and  in   1676   Francis  Collins 
rebuilt  it.     In   1677   he,   with   Richard  Mew,   of 
Eatliff,  and  John  Bull,  of  London,  both  merchants, 
purchased  of  Edward  Byllynge,  certain  shares  of 
propriety  in  New  Jersey,    He  came  to  this  country 
soon  after  with  his  wife  and  family,  composed  of  a 
son  Joseph  and  several  daughters.     He  appears  to 
have  resided  near  Burlington,  and  in  1682  erected 
the  Friends'  Meeting-house  in  that  place,  and  in 
the  next   year  built  the  court-house  and  market- 
house,  for  which  he  received  one  thousand  acres  of 
land  and  two   hundred  pounds   in  money.     The 
first  land   taken  up   by  him  was  in  Newton  town- 
ship, and  embraced  five  hundred  acres.     The  sur- 
vey bears  date  October  23,  1682.    Two  days  later 
four  hundred  and  fifty  acres  adjoining  was  sur- 
veyed in  his  right.    The  first  tract  was  located 
on  the  west  side  of  the  King's  road,  and  the  new 
part  of  Haddonfield  is  built  upon  it.    The  next 
survey  was  adjoining  to  the  southwest  and  extended 
78 


to  the  south  branch  of  Newton  Creek.  To  secure 
a  landing  on  Coopers  Creek,  he  located  one  hun- 
dred and  seventeen  acres,  which  later  he  sold  to 
Richard  Gray,  whose  son  John,  in  1746,  conveyed 
it  to  Ebenezer  Hopkins.  It  is  now  mostly  owned 
by  the  heirs  of  John  E.  Hopkins  and  Joseph  C. 
Stoy.  He  settled  upon  the  tract,  and  first  located 
and  built  a  house  on  the  hill  south  of  the  village 
of  Haddonfield,  and  named  the  homestead  "Mount- 
well."  It  afterward  passed  to  his  son  Joseph,  by  the 
first  wife,  and  later  to  Samuel  Clement,  who  erected 
the  house  that  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1874.  The 
site  is  now  occupied  by  Reilly's  Seminary.  The 
house  when  first  built  was  isolated  and  about  five 
miles  from  the  Newton  settlement,  and  even  in 
the  year  1700  Thomas  Sharp  marked  on  his  map 
but  five  houses  between  Mountwell  and  Newton. 

Francis  Collins  was  active  in  the  political  affairs 
of  the  colony,  and  in  1683  was  chosen  a  member 
of  the  Assembly  to  represent  the  Irish  Tenth,  and 
returned  in  1684.  Upon  the  election  of  Sam- 
uel Jennings  as  Governor  of  the  State,  in  May, 
1683,  Francis  Collins  was  selected  by  him  as  one 
of  his  Council.  He  was  in  this  session  also  ap- 
pointed a  commissioner  to  divide  lands  and  to  regu- 
late lines. 

Upon  his  return  to  the  Assembly,  in  1684,  he  was 
selected  as  one  of  the  judges  of  the  courts  of  West 
Jersey,  which  position  he  held  for  several  years. 
On  the    21st  December,  1686,  Francis   Collins 
married,    as    his  second   wife,    Mary     Goslin,   a 
daughter  of  Thomas  Budd,  and  at  that  time  the 
widow  of  Dr.  John  Goslin,  of  Burlington ;  later  he 
removed    to  Northampton,    Burlington    County, 
where  he  died  about  1720.     His  first  wife  died 
soon  after  his  settlement  in  this  country,  leaving 
him  six  children — Joseph,  Sarah,  Rebecca,  Priscil- 
la,    Margaret  and   Elizabeth.      He  owned  large 
tracts  of  land  and,  from  time  to  time,  conveyed 
portions  to  his  children.     Sarah  married  Dr.  Rob- 
ert Dimsdale   and  settled   on   Dimsdale  Run,   a 
branch  of  Rancocas  Creek,  in  Burlington  County, 
where  her   husband  erected  a  large  brick  house. 
In  1688  he  returned  to  England  and  died  in  1718, 
after  which  his  widow  returned   to  Haddonfield 
and  lived  until  her  death,  in  1739.     In  1714  her 
father  deeded  her  a  tract  of  four  hundred   and 
sixty  acres,  extending    from    near    Haddonfield 
southwesterly   to    the  south  branch  of  Newton 
Creek.      April  1,  1725,  Sarah  Dimsdale  sold  the 
tract  to  Simeon  Breach  and  Caleb  Sprague,  who, 
the  next  year,  divided  it.    It  is  now  the  estate  of 
the  Hinchoians,  Nicholsons,  Willits  and  others. 

Of  the  other  daughters  of  Francis  Collins  by 
the  first  wife,  Rebecca  married  Thomas  Briant, 


646 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


Priscilla  became  the  wife  of  John  Hugg  and  set- 
tled on  Timber  Creek,  near  Gloucester,  Margaret 
married  Elias  Hugg  and  Elizabeth  married  Josiah 
Southwick.  Joseph,  the  only  son  by  the  first  wife, 
became  the  owner  of  the  homestead  by  convey- 
ance, and  died  in  1741,  leaving  a  son  Benjamin 
and  daughters  Sarah  (married  to  Simon  Ellis), 
Catherine  (married  Thomas  Ellis)  and  Rebecca 
(married  to  Samuel  Clement).  Benjamin  was  a 
carpenter  and  resided  in  Haddonfield  and  died  in 
1756.  A  part  of  the  Mountwell  tract  was  conveyed 
to  him  by  his  father,  who,  in  1735,  conveyed  the 
remainder  of  the  estate,  now  in  the  village  of 
Haddonfield,  to  Samuel  and  Rebecca  Clement. 

John  Haddon  was  a  Friend  and  a  resident  of 
the  parish  of  St.  George,  in  the  county  of  Surrey, 
England,  a  suburb  of  London,  on  the  east  side 
of  the  Thames.  He  was  a  blacksmith  and  made 
anchors.  By  his  industry  and  economy  he  ac- 
cumulated a  large  estate  and  became  interested 
in  the  little  colony  forming  in  New  Jersey.  He 
purchased,  in  1695  or  1696,  a  right  of  propriety  of 
Richard  Mathews,  and  in  1698  bought  of  Thomas 
Willis,  son  of  John,  a  tract  of  five  hundred  acres 
lying  on  the  north  side  of  Coopers  Creek,  embracing 
Coles  Landing,  two  miles  below  Haddonfield,  which 
was  located  26th  of  Sixth  Month,  1686,  by  John 
Willis,  which  was  resurveyed  for  Johu  Estaugh, 
attorney  for  John  Haddon,  6th  of  Twelfth  Month, 
1707.  He  also  purchased  a  large  tract  now  lying 
in  the  townships  of  Delaware  and  Waterford,  which 
is  marked  on  Sharp's  map  as  containing  eight  hun- 
dred and  thirty-eight  acres  and  known  as  "  King's 
land."  Two  hundred  acres  of  this  tract  was  sold, 
in  1717,  to  William  Matlock,  and  subsequently 
passed  to  Richard  M,  Cooper,  and  is  now  owned 
by  his  son,  Alexander  Cooper. 

John  Haddon  had  two  daughters — Sarah  and 
Elizabeth.  The  former  married  Benjamin  Hop- 
kins and  settled  at  home.  Elizabeth  Haddon, 
however,  when  nineteen  years  of  age,  and  in  1701, 
left  her  home  and  friends  and  came  to  New  Jer- 
sey with  power  of  attorney  from  her  father  to  be- 
come his  agent  in  the  location,  purchase  and  sale 
of  lands.  Francis  Collins,  a  friend  of  her  father, 
who  lived  at  Mountwell,  extended  to  her  the  hos- 
pitalities of  his  home.  To  reach  his  residence  she 
went  to  Philadelphia,  crossed  the  river  at  Daniel 
Cooper's  Ferry  (now  Camden)  and  passed  the  Wil- 
lis place,  which  was  to  be  her  future  home.  It  is 
evident  from  Thomas  Sbarp's  map  that  John  Wil- 
lis had  erected  a  house  on  the  tract,  as  one  is  there 
marked.  This  house  stood  at  Coles  Landing,  on 
the  brow  of  a  hill  near  Coopers  Creek,  to  which 
she  moved  in  170],  and  gave  the  place  the  name 


of  Haddonfield.  Before  her  departure  for  this 
country,  and  at  her  father's  home,  she  formed  the 
acquaintance  of  a  young  man,  Johu  Estaugh,  who 
was  then  attracting  considerable  notice  as  a  public 
speaker  among  the  Friends.  He  was  born  at  Kelve- 
don,  about  fifty  miles  northeast  from  London,  Sec- 
ond Month  23, 1676,  and  when  young  embraced  the 
principles  of  the  Friends  and  was  admitted  to  the 
ministry  when  eighteen  years  of  age. 

In  September,  1700,  he  was  permitted  to  come  to 
America  on  a  religious  visit,  and  was  accompan- 
ied by  John  Richardson.  They  traveled  together 
through  Maryland,  Virginia  and  Pennsylvania  and 
met  at  Philadelphia  Elizabeth  Haddon  at  the 
home  of  her  friends,  before  she  removed  to  her 
place  at  Coles  Landing,  when  the  acquaintance 
formed  athome  was  renewed.  She  made  preparations 
to  occupy  her  new  home,  and  doubtless  enlarged 
and  improved  the  house  in  accordance  with  her 
means,  while  John  Estaugh,  feeling  it" to  be  his  duty, 
requested  of  the  Meeting  permission  to  go  back  to 
Virginia,  which  was  granted,  and  he  spent  some 
time  in  that  province. 

It  is  probable  that  John  Estaugh  ministered  to 
the  Friends  at  Newton  Meeting,  and  his  previous 
acquaintance  with  Elizabeth  Haddon,  led  him  to 
accept  the  hospitality  of  her  home,  when  the  as- 
sociation of  home  and  friends  in  England  brought 
to  them  many  subjects  of  conversation.  It  is  evident, 
from  subsequent  events,  that  threads  of  a  more 
subtle  power  were  slowly  and  gradually  winding 
round  him,  which  impelled  him  to  return  to  this 
region,  a  captive;  and,  although  romance  says  he 
was  slow  in  accepting  his  bonds,  he  was  aided  by 
the  fair  damsel,  Elizabeth  Haddon,  as  beautifully 
told  by  the  poet,  Longfellow,  in  the  story  of  John 
Alden  and  Priscilla,  the  story  told  by  Longfellow 
in  '■'  Aftermath,"  and  by  Mrs.  Lydia  Maria  Child. 
Whatever  the  manner  of  the  courtship,  the  mar- 
riage was  celebrated  on  the  1st  of  the  Eighth 
Month,  1702,  at  her  residence,  in  the  presence  of 
friends  and  other  invited  guests.  Soon  after  this 
event  John  Estaugh  became  the  attorney  of  John 
Haddon,  and  took  charge  of  his  landed  interest  in 
New  Jersey,  which  at  this  time  required  much 
time.  He  also  became  agent  for  the  Pennsylvania 
Land  Company  of  London.  In  1713  a  brick  house 
was  built  on  the  Richard  Mathews  survey,  a  short 
distance  from  the  site  of  the  village  of  Haddon- 
field, where  Samuel  Wood  now  resides,  and  the 
new  place  called  "  New  Haddonfield."  The  house 
was  larger  and  much  more  conveniently  arranged, 
than  the  first,  and  better  suited  to  the  wealth  of 
the  occupants ,  whose  house  was  open  to  all.  The 
brick  wall  now  standing   is  part  of  that  which 


THE  TOWNSHIP  01*  HADDON. 


647 


surrounded  the  garden,  and  the  large  yew-tree  in 
front  of  the  present  mansion  is  said  to  have  been 
transplanted  by  Elizabeth  Estangh.  The  house 
was  destroyed  by  Are  the  morning  of  April  19, 
1842. 

The  father  of  Elizabeth  Haddon  Estaugh  made 
a  deed  of  gift  to  John  and  Elizabeth,  in  1722,  of 
all  the  Mathews'  survey.  John  Haddon  died  the 
next  year,  1723,  and  left  his  estate  to  his  children, 
Benjamin  and  Sarah  Hopkins,  and  John  and 
Elizabeth  Estaugh,  his  wife  having  died  the  year 


and  Sai-ah  Hopkins  were  John  E.  Haddon,  Eben- 
ezer,  Elizabeth  E.,  Sarah, Mary  nnd  Ann.  Ebenezer 
settled  near  Haddonfield,  on  Coopers  Creek.  Hia 
brother,  John  E.,  succeeded  him,  and  leit  the  es- 
tate to  his  son,  William  E.  Hopkins,  who,  in  1795, 
married  Ann,  daughter  of  Griffith  Morgan.  A 
dam  was  built  on  the  run  that  traversed  the  tract, 
and  a  grist-mill  was  built  in  1789,  which  has  long 
since  been  out  of  use.  The  property  is  now  in 
possession  of  the  widow  of  John  E.  Hopkins,  who 
was  the  son  of  William  E.  Hopkins. 


THE  ESTAUGH  HOUSE. 


before.  John  Estaugh  was  a  writer  of  considerable 
ability,  as  in  1744  his  writings  were  printed  by 
Benjamin  Franklin.  He  was  also  skilled  in 
chemistry  and  medicine.  While  on  a  religious 
visit  to  Tortula,  in  the  West  Indies,  in  1742,  he 
died,  and  his  remains  wexe  placed  in  a  brick  tomb, 
which  has  long  since  gone  to  decay.  His  wife 
survived  him  twenty  years,  and  died  March  30, 
.  1762,  in  the  eightieth  year  of  her  age.  She  left  no 
'  children,  but  adopted  Ebenezer  Hopkins,  a  son  of 
her  sister  Sarah,  who  came  to  tliis  country,  was 
educated  by,  and  resided  with,  Elizabeth  Estaugh. 
He  married  and  settled  on  a  tract  of  land  fronting 
on  Coopers  Greek,  which  his  aunt  conveyed  to 
him  in  1752,  known  as  the  "  Ann  Burr  "  farm.  He 
died  in  1757,  and  left  a  wife  and  seven  children, 
all  of  whom  married  in  this  region,  and  Elizabeth 
Estaugh  left  the  bulk  of  her  estate  to  the  children 
of  her  nephew,  Ebenezer. 

About  1799  the  tract  on  which  Elizabeth  Es- 
taugh first  settled  passed  to  Job  Coles,  in  whose 
femily  it  still  in  part  remains,  and  is  now  owned 
by  Jacob  Stokes  Coles.    The  children  of  Ebenezer 


John  Gill  was  the  cousin  of  Pilizabeth  Estaugh, 
and  came  to  this  country  under  her  patronage, 
soon  after  her  arrival,  as  in  1709  he  was  appointed 
administrator  of  an  estate  in  Newton  township. 
After  the  death  of  John  Estaugh  he  became  ad- 
viser and  manager  of  her  estate.  In  1714  John 
Haddon  conveyed  to  him  a  tract  of  land  contain- 
ing two  hundred  and  thirty  acres  in  Waterford 
and  Delaware  townships,  where  he  is  said  to  have 
lived.  He  next  resided  in  "Waterford  township, 
at  the  place  where  the  King's  road  crossed  Coopers 
Creek,  and  near  the  place  which,  after  1715,  and  to 
the  present  time,  is  known  .is  Axford's  Landing.  In 
1728  John  Estaugh  d  ceded  to  him  two  tracts  of  land, 
one  of  which,  containing  eighty -seven  acres,  was  in 
Haddonfield.  It  was  on  the  west  side  of  the  Kings 
road,  and  extended  from  Coopers  Creek  to  the 
Methodist  Church.  In  1732  three  other  lots  were 
deeded  in  Haddonfield,  the  largest  of  which  joined 
the  other  land  on  the  southwest,  and  is  about  equally 
divided  bv  Grove  Street  The  next  is  now  owned 
by  the  estates  of  Rennels  Fowler  and  the  devisees 
of  John  Clement.     The  third  lot  passed  to  his 


tJ-iS 


ins'roiiv  OF  oaimoen  county,  new  jersey. 


diuiglitov  llaunnli,  who  niiuriod  Tlumius  Uvdmiui, 
ou  which  the  old  Rodninn  luansion  tbrniorly  stood. 
Pint  of  this  estiUo  roiuains  in  tlio  t'limily,  iiud  is 
now  owned  by  tho  doviseea  of  John  Gill,  a  descend- 
ant of  the  euiigrant  by  that  name,  who  is  lately 
deceased.  .Tohn  (!ill  came  into  Newton  township 
to  reside  about  \1'22,  an<l  lived  on  the  site  of  the 
present  Gill  mansion,  and  it  was  oi\  this  land  that 
elections  were  sometimes  held.  In  1740  he  was 
selected  as  attorney  lor  the  bcirs-at-hiw  of  Joseph 
Klkinton,  and  went  to  England  to  prosecute  their 
claim.  This  occupied  his  time  for  several  years, 
and  he  died  in  London  about  1748.  In  174(i 
ho  bought  of  John  Oox,  also  of  London,  a  tract  of 
laud  ou  the  south  side  of  the  south  branch  of 
Coopers  Creek,  abcuit  two  miles  from  lladdon- 
lield,  and  the  next  year  deeded  it  to  his  sou  John, 
part  of  which  is  still  in  the  family  and  the  name. 

The  Hinchnnms  were  very  early  settlers  in  the 
township,  as  May  18,  100!!,  John  llngg  and  Pris- 
eilla  Collins,  his  wife,  sold  to  John  llinebniau,  of 
Ijong  Island,  one  thousand  acres  of  land  in  New- 
ton township,  which  extended  from  near  the  head 
of  Newton  Creek  northeasterly  toward  Iladdon- 
licld.  His  house  stood  on  the  north  side  of  the 
stream,  near  where  the  Plurley  house  now  stands. 
He  died  in  1721,  and  John,  his  son,  settled  ou  part 
of  the  homestead,  now  nmstly  owned  by  the  Wil- 
lits  family.  Joseph  Hinchunui,  aUso  a  son,  sottleil 
on  piu't  of  tho  estate,  and  died  in  17iil.  James, 
also  a  son,  lived  on  part  fiu'merly  owned  by  .lames 
S.  Hurley.  Lie  died  in  17r)0.  In  1 71(8  ho  was 
appointed  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  courts  of  Olon- 
cestor  County.  His  sons  interuuirricd  with  the 
Thornes,  the  Harrisons,  the  Kaighus,  the  Smiths 
and  the  Bispluims,  and  their  descendants  are  scat- 
tered and  uumerous.  Joseph  lliuclnuan,  a  brother 
of  John,  the  first  of  the  name  to  settle  in  this 
county,  came  from  Flushing,  L.  L,  in  1708,  and 
purchased  a  part  of  his  brother's  estate.  His  house 
stood  ou  the  west  side  of  the  King's  road.  Ho 
died  about  1737,  and  left  several  children,  of  whom 
Thomas,  the  son,  nuirried  8a.rah  Clement,  and  in- 
herited the  estate,  lie  died  in  1758,  and  bis  prop- 
erty passed  to  his  sou  .loseph,  who  was  born  h\ib- 
ruary  18,  1761,  in  tho  old  log  cabin.  The  new 
house  was  in  process  of  erection  when  his  father 
died,  and  is  now,  after  the  lapse  of  more  than  a 
hundred  years,  still  used,  and  is  tlu!  residence  of 
William  C.  Hinchmau. 

Tho  Albertsons  were  represented  in  Newton 
township  first  by  William  Albertson,  who,  May  2, 
1082,  located  a  tract  of  land  in  Newton  township, 
between  the  south  and  middle  branch  of  Newton 
Creek,  and  to  the  junction  of  the  said  branches,  bo- 


low  the  land  of  William  Hate.s.  In  11)8,")  he  was  a 
mendier  of  the  Legislature.  In  1092  he  purchsised  a 
large  trad  in  Gloucester  township,  where  u  branch 
of  the  family  still  reeide.  Ho  resided  there  hula 
short  time,  and  uu)ved  to  Ryberry,  Pa.,  anil  finally  to 
Ihicks  County,  where  he  died  about  170!>.  In  1098 
lie  deeded  the  homestead  farm  in  Newton  to  his 
sou  William,  who  lived  upon  it  until  his  death, 
in  1720.  He  erected  a  brick  house,  which  is  still 
standing :  a  deer  park,  which  covered  many  acres, 
was  laid  out  and  surrounded  by  a  ditch  and  bant, 
which  may  yet  be  seen.  A  race-course  also  was 
upon  the  place.  The  land  passed  Ihnnigh  four 
generations  of  the  name  to  a  daughter,  Sarali,  who 
married  David  Henry,  in  whose  desceiulants  a  part 
of  the  estates  is  still  vested. 

Henry  Stacy,  who  lived  in  Newton  township 
only  a  few  years,  camo  to  or  near  Burlington,  soon 
after  1078,  with  lus  father  and  his  wife.  In  1083 
he  located  four  hundred  and  ninety  acres  of  land 
near  the  head  of  the  middle  branch  of  Newton 
(Ireek,  east  of  the  (iraybnrys' land,  and  the  same 
year  returned  to  Kugland,  where  ho  died  in  108"). 
lie  left  the  real  estate  to  his  children.  It  was 
divided  in  1711,  and  the  Newton  tract  was  allotted 
to  a  daughter  Sarah,  tho  wife  of  Kobert  Mont- 
gomery. 

In  1715  he  built  a  house  upon  it,  ami  rei\u)ved 
from  Monuuiuth  County,  where  he  had  jireviously 
resided.  The  house  stood  at  a  short  distance  east 
of  tho  oldPhiladelphiaand  Kgg  Harbor  road,  which 
then  crossed,  Newton  Creek  at  Atniores  Ham. 
This  survey  is  now  owned  by  Rhoda  Hampton, 
tho  Websters,  tlu-  Nicholsons  and  others. 

.loshna  Evans,  a.  public  Friend,  resided  ior 
many  years  ou  the  farm  iu)w  owned  by  Joseph  O. 
C^nthbert.  About  1818  this  farm  was  leased  to 
Amos  Ooxe,  who  resided  there  two  years,  in  which 
time  several  deaf  mutes,  with  a  teai'hcr,  were 
sent  from  Philadelphia  and  boarded  with  him 
(hiring  the  summer.  For  several  years  after,  tho 
place  was  a.  resort  for  them,  and  many  amusing 
incidents  of  the  uul'ortunate  are  related  by  tho 
old  people.  In  1824  tho  l>eaf  and  Dumb  Institu- 
tion of  Philadelphia  was  chartered,  and  a  build- 
ing was  erected  on  the  corner  of  Eleventh  and 
Mjirket  Streets,  where  the  Hiughani  House  now 
stands,  and  sufUciont  room  was  obtained  for  com- 
fort. 

There  aro  many  other  families,  who,  by  inter- 
marriage and  by  purchase,  were  residents  a  century 
ago  in  what  is  now  Haddon  township,  but  apace 
will  not  permit  us  to  record  them  all  here.  The 
sketches  given  above  embrace  all  of  the  fanvilios 
who  settled  hero  before  1700,  and  from  whom  the 


AUTOGRAPHS  OF  EARLY  SETTLERS  OF  NEW  TOWNSHIP.     . 

A  first  settler.    Died  1694.    He  was  one  of  ^.X^-f  CCCCW'// 

the  most  prominent  Newton  settlpra  C^ 


The  surveyor  and  chronicler  of  the  first  set- 
tlers.   Died  1729.    Had  sons  Thomas, 
Isaac  and  John. 


^aii^'! 


Only   son   of   John  the    emigrant. 

Died  1794,  leaving  one  son, 

John. 


Vfia^L 


^^/^'t 


A  first  settler.    Died  1709.    Had  sons  Wil- 
liam, Abraham,  Benjamin  and  Josiah. 

A  first  settler.    Died  1702,  and  left  sons,  Benja- 
min and  Thomas. 

Large  landed  proprietor  in  old  Newton  Township. 
He  died  in  1696. 

-^"^^"^^^^  ^^'>^^    - 

A  first  settler.    Died  1706.    Had  sons  John, 

Samuel,  Daniel,  Archibald,  Isaac, 

Joseph  and  James. 


A  first  settler.     Died  1724.     Had  sons  John  and 
Joseph. 


Daughter  of  John  Haddon  and  wife  of  John 
Estaugh. 

A   minister  among  the   Friends.     He 

married  Elizabeth  Haddon. 

Died  1742. 


John  Eastlack,  son  of  Francis 

the  emigrant.     Died  1786. 

Had  sons  John  and 

Samuel. 


ma/n 


A  first  settler  in  Newton.    Died 

1721.   Had  sons  John,  Joseph, 

Jacob,  James  and 

William. 


£Lr/^ 


Son  of  Joseph  the  emigrant,  who  was  brother 

of  the   above  John.     Died  1758, 

leaving  one  son,  Joseph. 


A  first  settler.    Son  of  Robert,  one  of 

the  Yorkshire  Commissioners. 

He  returned  to  London, 

and  died  1689. 


650 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


land  descended  in  large  part  by  inheritance. 
There  are  very  few  land-marks  left  in  existence  to 
remind  us  of  those  early  settlers. 

The  Lost  Village  or  Newton. — The  first 
settlers  came  up  Newton  Creek  and  built  cabins 
near  together,  forming  a  small  village,  to  which 
they  gave  the  name  Newton.  From  this  the 
creek  and  the  township  took  their  names.  After 
a  little  time,  finding  the  Indians  in  the  region 
peaceable,  they  each  built  houses  upon  their 
own  land,  and  in  consequence  the  village  was 
soon  abandoned,  but  is  mentioned  as  a  town 
by  Gabriel  Thomas  in  1698,  and  by  the  clerk  of 
county  much  later.  The  latter  recorded  a  license 
to  keep  a  tavern  "near  Newtown."  In  1684  the 
Friends'  Meeting-house  was  built.  The  village  after 
this  time  become  practically  unknown,  and  its  very 
site  is  lost,  though  it  is  supposed  to  be  on  the 
north  side  of  the  middle  branch  of  Newton  Creek, 
a  short  distance  from  its  mouth  and  near  the  old 
grave-yard. 

The  Old  Newton  Fkiends'  Meeting.— 
Among  the  first  Friends  to  settle  within  the  pre- 
cincts of  old  Newton  were  William  Cooper  and 
Richard  Arnold.  At  once  Friends'  Meetings 
were  held  in  the  house  of  one  or  the  other  of 
them.  At  Burlington  Monthly  Meeting,  held 
Seventh  Month  (September)  6,  1681,  it  was 
"  ordered  that  Friends  of  Pyne  Poynte  (Cooper's 
Point)  have  a  meeting  on  every  Fourth  Day,  to 
begin  at  the  2"  hour,  at  Richard  Arnold's  house." 
At  a  General  Meeting  held  at  Salem,  Second 
Month  (April)  11,  1682,  it  was  ordered  "That  a 
six  weeks'  men's  and  women's  meeting  for  the 
ordering  of  the  affairs  of  the  Church  be  kept  the 
24'"  of  the  31  Month  (May),  at  Wm.  Coopers,  at 
Pyne  Point,  and  the  next  six  weeks'  meeting  at 
Shackamaxon  and  So  in  Course."  It  was  also  or- 
dered at  the  same  time  that  a  Monthly  Meeting  for 
worship  be  held  alternately  in  the  same  way  ;  the 
first  one  to  be  at  William  Cooper's.  Thus  was 
established  the  Newton  Meeting.  In  the  spring 
of  1682  a  few  Irish  Friends,  who  had  spent  the 
winter  in  Salem,  moved  up  to  and  settled  about 
Newton  Creek.  Thomas  Sharp,  one  of  their  num- 
ber, in  his  account  of  their  early  settlement, 
says:  "In  1684  the  Friends  in  the  vicinity  of 
Newton,  desirous  of  erecting  a  house  of  worship, 
selected  a  lot  of  land  on  the  bank  of  the  middle 
branch  of  Newton  Creek,  containing  about  two 
acres,  it  being  on  the  bounds  of  land  of  Mark 
Newby  and  Thomas  Thackara,  which  was  laid  out 
for  a  burial-ground,  and  at  the  west  end  a  log 
meeting-house  was  erected."  William  Bates,  who, 
it  will  be  remembered   as  mentioned  heretofore 


was  a  carpenter,  also  planned  and  executed  the 
work. 

The  burying-ground  was  used  many  years,  and 
many  of  the  first  families  are  at  rest  within  its 
limits.  It  is  inclosed  by  a  brick  wall,  and  is  over- 
grown by  low  trees  and  vines.  The  first  trustees 
of  the  meeting  and  property  were  Benjamin 
Thackara,  William  Cooper  and  William  Albert- 
son,  who  continued  until  1708,  when  they  were 
succeeded  by  Thomas  Sharp,  John  Kaighn,  Joseph 
Cooper  and  John  Kay.  In  this  old  meeting- 
house the  town-meetings  and  elections  were  held 
for  several  years.  A  part  of  the  Thackara  estate 
passed  to  James  and  Joseph  Sloan  prior  to  1790, 
and  much  trouble  arose  between  them  and  the 
Friends  in  relation  to  boundaries  of  the  meeting- 
house property.  In  1811  Joseph  Sloan  abandoned 
his  claim,  and  in  1819  James  Sloan  released  his 
interest  to  the  trustees  of  the  meeting.  The  erec- 
tion of  other  meeting-houses  and  the  removal  of 
Friends  from  the  vicinity  gradually  withdrew  in- 
terest in  the  society,  and  little  attention  was  paid 
to  the  old  house  and  grounds  where  the  first  meet- 
ing of  Friends  in  Gloucester  County  was  held,  and 
according  to  Joseph  Hinchman's  journal,  on  the 
22d  of  December,  1817,  the  meeting-house,  around 
which  clustered  many  interesting  associations,  was 
destroyed  by  fire,  and  no  effort  was  made  to  re- 
build it. 

In  1791  James  Sloan,  a  Friend,  laid  out  one  acre 
of  ground  north  of  the  old  burying-ground,  and 
inclosed  it  with  a  low  wall.  A  stone  with  the  fol- 
lowing inscription  is  placed  in  the  wall : 

"Here  is  no  distinctioa, 
Kich  and  Poor  meet  together, 
The  Lord  is  maker  of  them  all. 
By  James  Sloan,  1791." 

For  many  years  roads  were  few  and  almost  im- 
passable, except  on  horseback,  and  carriages  and 
wheeled  vehicles  were  not  in  use.  The  streams 
were  used  for  travel,  and  all  the  early  burials  were 
made  in  Newton  burying-ground.  The  funeral 
party  moved  from  the  house  to  the  nearest  stream, 
where  they  took  barges  and  boats  and  floated  to 
Newton  Creek  and  up  to  the  burying-ground. 
In  the  "  Early  Settlers  of  Newton,"  an  account 
is  given  of  a  funeral  in  1703,  which  is  of  inter- 
est in  this  connection.  Esther  Spicer,  the  wi- 
dow of  Samuel  Spicer,  resided  on  the  homestead 
property,  in  what  is  now  Stockton  township.  She 
was  killed  by  lightning  on  the  24th  of  Seventh 
Month,  1703.  "The  funeral  occurred  the  night 
after  her  decease,  the  family  and  friends  going  in 
boats  down  Coopers  Creek  to  the  river,  and  by  the 
river  to  Newton  Creek,  and  thence  to  the  Newton 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  HADDON. 


651 


grave-yard,  the  place  of  interment.  Each,  boat 
being  provided  with  torches,  the  scene  must 
have  been  picturesque  indeed.  To  the  colonist  it 
was  a  sad  spectacle  when  they  saw  one  so  much 
esteemed  among  them  borne  to  her  last  resting- 
place.  To  the  Indians  it  was  a  grand  and  impres- 
sive sight.  Arasapha,  the  chief,  and  others  of  his 
people  attended  the  solemn  procession  in  their 
canoes,  thus  showing  their  respect  for  one  the 
cause  of  whose  death  struck  them  with  awe  and 
reverence.  The  deep  dark  forests  that  stood  close 
down  to  the  shores  of  the  streams  almost  rejected 
the  light  as  it  came  from  the  burning  torches  of 
pine  carried  in  the  boats;  and,  as  they  passed 
under  the  thick  foliage,  a  shadow  was  scarcely  cast 
upon  the  water.  The  colonists  in  their  plain  and 
unassuming  apparel,  the  aborigines  clad  in  gaudy 
and  significant  robes,  and  the  negro  slaves,  as 
oarsmen,  must  have  presented  from  the  shore  a 
rare  and  striking  picture.  Here,  all  undesigned, 
was  the  fnneral  of  a  Friend,  in  which  ostentation 
and  display  are  always  avoided,  made  one  of  the 
grandest  pageants  that  the  fancy  could  imagine,  a 
fertile  subject  for  the  artist  and  well  deserving  an 
effort  to  portray  its  beauty." 

Interments  were  made  in  this  yard  for  many 
years,  but  when  the  Friends'  Meeting  was  estab- 
lished at  Haddonfield  and  a  burial-ground  there 
laid  out,  many  families  changed  to  that  place. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  marriages  of  Friends 
who  were  members  or  who  married  members  of  the 
old  Newton  Meeting — extending  from  1684  to 
1719: 

1684.— James  Atkinson,  of  Philadelphia,  to  Hannah  Nowbie 
widow  of  Mark,  of  Newton. 

1685. — John  ladd  to  Sarah  Wood. 

1686.— Walter  Forrest  to  Ann  Alberteon ;  Thomaa  Shable  to  Alice 
Stalles  ;  Samuel  Toms  to  Kachel  Wood. 

1687. Joshua  Frame,  of  Pennsylvania,  to  Abigail  Bates ;  William 

Clark  to  Mary  Heritage. 

1688.— John  Hugg,  Son  of  John,  to  Priscilla  Collins,  daughter  of 
Francis ;  Joseph  Cooper  to  Lydia  Biggs. 

1689.— Thomas  Thackara  to  Hepsibah  Eastlack  ;  Thomas  Willard 
to  Judith  Wood,  daughter  of  Henry. 

1691.— John  Butcher  to  Mary  Heritage. 

1692. — Simeon  Ellis  to  Sarah  Bates,  daughter  of  William. 

1693.— Daniel  Cooper  to  Abigail  Wood,  daughter  of  Henry. 

1695.— Daniel  Cooper  to  Sarah  Spicer,  daughter  of  Samuel ;  Wil- 
liam Sharp  to  Jemima  Eastlack,  daughter  of  Francis  ;  Joseph  Nich- 
olson, son  of  Samuel,  to  Hannah  Wood,  daughter  of  Henry  ;  Isaac 
Decou  to  Rachel  Newbie,  daughter  of  Mark. 

1699.— Thomas  Thackara  to  Ann  Parker,  of  Philadelphia. 

1701.— Joseph  Bates  to  Mercy  Clement,  daughter  of  James. 

1702.— John  Estaugh  to  Elizabeth  Haddon. 

1703.— Stephen  Newbie  to  Elizabeth  Wood,  daughter  of  Henry. 

1704.— John  Mickle,  son  of  Archibald,  to  Hannah  Cooper,  daugh- 
ter of  William,  Jr, 

1705.— Josiah  South  wick  to  Elizabeth  Collins,  daughter  of  Fran- 
cis. 
■  1706. Joseph  Brown  to  Mary  Spicer,  daughter  of  Samuel ;  Ed- 
ward Newbie  to  Hannah  Chew. 


1707.— Benjamin  Wood  to  Mary  Kay,  daughter  of  John  ;  Beiya- 
miri  Thackara  to  Mary  Cooper,  daughter  of  William,  Jr. 

1707.— John  Hallowell,  of  Darby,  to  Elizabeth  Sharp,  daughter  of 
Thomas  ;  John  Kay,  son  of  John,  to  Sarah  Langstone. 

1708.— Samuel  Mickle  to  Elizabeth  Cooper,  daughter  of  Joseph  ; 
Ezekiel  Siddons,  son  of  John,  to  Sarah  Mickle. 

1709. — Simeon  Breach  to  Mary  Dennis ;  John  Harvey  to  Sarah 
Hasker  ;  Robert  Braddock  to  Elizabeth  Hancock,  daughter  of  Tim- 
othy. 

1710. — Thomas  Bull  to  Sarah  Nelson  ;  William  Harrison  to  Ann 
Hugg,  daughter  of  John  ;  Thomas  Middleton  to  Mercy  Allen  ;  Jo- 
seph Stokes,  son  of  Thomas,  to  Judith  Lippincott,  daughter  of  Free- 
dom ;  Thomas  Sharp  to  Catherine  HoUingsham. 

1711. — Thomas  Smith  to  Sarah  Hancock,  daughter  of  Timothy ; 
Jonathan  Haines,  son  of  John,  to  Mary  Matlack,  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam; Daniel  Mickle  to  Haiunah  Dennis  ;  Samuel  Dennis  to  Rutli 
Lindall ;  Thomas  Lippincott,  son  of  Freedom,  to  Mary  Haines, 
daughter  of  John. 

1712. — Abraham  Brown  to  Hannah  Adams,  Jr. 

1714. — Joseph  Dole  to  Hannah  Somers  ;  John  Hugg  to  Elizabeth 
Newbie ;   John  Cox  to  Lydia  Cooper,  daughter  of  Joseph. 

1716. — John  Adamson  to  Ann  Skew ;  Francis  Richardson  to  Sarah 
Cooper ;  Thomas  Robinson  to  Sarah  Lowe  ;  William  Sharp  to  Mary 
Austin,  daughter  of  Francis. 

1717. — Alexander  Morgan,  son  of  Griffith,  to  Hannah  Cooper, 
daughter  of  Joseph. 

1718. — Benjamin  Cooper,  son  of  Joseph,  to  Rachel  Mickle  ;  Thos. 
Rakestraw  to;  Mary  Wilkinson,  daughter  of  Thomas ;  Samuel 
Sharp  to  Martha  Hall ;  John  Gill  to  Mary  Heritage. 

1719. — John  Sharp  to  Jane  Fitchardall ;  Thomas  Byere  to  Pris- 
cilla Hugg  ;  Joseph  Gibson  to  Elizabeth  Tindall. 

Schools. — The  first  school  in  the  limits  of  Had- 
don township  was,  without  doubt,  held  in  the  old 
Newton  Meeting-house,  built  in  1684,  and  the 
next  was  in  the  Haddonfield  Meeting-house,  built 
in  1722.  The  first  authentic  record  of  a  school- 
house  is  found  in  a  road  record  bearing  date 
March,  1783,  wherein  mention  is  made  of  a  school- 
house  as  being  situated  on  land  of  William  Bates. 
The  old  William  Bates  tract  was  on  the  south 
side  of  Newton  Creek,  opposite  lands  of  Mark 
Newby  and  Thomas  Thackara  and  the  Newton 
Meeting-house. 

The  school-house  on  the  "  Meeting-house  Lot," 
in  Haddonfield,  was  built  in  1787.  In  1794  a 
school-house  was  situated  near  Camden,  on  the 
Haddonfield  road,  nearMarmaduke  Cooper's  house. 
A  school-house  was  built  near  the  Newton  Meet- 
ing-house before  1807,  as  mention  is  made  of  it  in 
that  year. 

On  Hill's  map  of  1809,  surveys  for  which  were 
made  from  1801  to  1807,  three  school-houses  are 
indicated.  One  stood  on  the  Ferry  road,  near 
what  is  now  Collingswood,  and  was  known  as  the 
Barton  School ;  another  was  on  the  Salem  road,  a 
short  distance  east  of  the  spot  where  that  road 
crosses  the  south  branch  of  Newton  Creek ; 
another  was  represented  as  being  on  the  road  from 
Camden  to  Chews  Landing,  a  short  distance  be- 
low the  middle  branch  of  Newton  Creek,  on  the 
old  Thomas  Sharp  survey.  In  1809  the  Grove 
School-house  was  built  at  Haddonfield. 


652 


HISTORY  OP  OAMDRN  COUNTY,  NEW  .TERSKY. 


Tliero  nro  at  proseiit  iu  lladdoii  township  four 
school  disti-iuts,— Ohnuipioii,  No.  10;  Wostniont, 
No.  11;  Haddoii,  No.  I'i;  and  Mt.  Kphraim,  No. 
VA.  Tho  last-montionod  is  lari^'oly  in  Centre  town- 
ship, and  the  school-house  is  within  its  limits. 

The  population  oC  Hiiddon  township,  exclusive 
of  tho  borough  of  Haddonfiold,  for  1885  was  one 
thousand  three  hundred  and  twenty-one.  The  ae- 
eouut  of  the  railroads  that  intersect  the  township 
will  be  found  in  the  artichi  on '' Tublie  Internal 
Improvements  of  the  (.lenoral  History,"  in  tliis 
work. 

The  Camiihn  and  riui.ADKhi'JUA  Rach- 
t'miEHH. — In  the  year  1835  William  R.  Johnson, 
Andrew  Beime,  John  D.  Kirby,  Otway  V.  Hare 
and  Williani  N.  Friend,  sportinj;  j>;entlenien,  re- 
siding in  tho  State  of  Virginia,  purchased  of  iSam- 
uel  0.  Champion  a  farm  in  Newton  township, 
about  three  miles  from  Camden,  jireparatory  to  es- 
tablishing a  race-track  on  tho  same.  Measures 
were  at  once  taken  to  this  end,  and  during  tho 
next  year  tho  whole  work  was  liuisbed.  A  large 
hotel,  a  grand  stand,  stables  and  other  necessary 
buildings  were  built.  The  track  of  qne  mile  was 
carefully  laid  ont,  graded  and  graveled,  and  a 
high  board  fence  jiut  around  tho  whole.  It  was 
known  as  the  "  riiiladelphia  and  Camden  liaco- 
Course,"  and,  being  between  Baltimore  and  .Long 
Island,  drew  together  the  best  horses  in  the 
country.  Tho  spring  and  fall  meetings  were  great 
events  among  gentlemen  of  the  turf,  and  stables 
met  there  from  Tennessee,  Virginia,  Maryland,  as 
well  as  from  Pennsylvania,  New  .fersey  and  New 
York. 

Thousands  of  peo[ilo  crossed  tho  ferries  from 
Philadelphia,  and  nniny  were  attracted  there  from 
all  tho  country  rouiul.  Colonels  William  H.  John- 
sou  and  Bailey  Peyton,  Doctor  MeClellan,  Ooneral 
Jrvine,  William  Cibbons  and  the  Van  Marters, 
with  many  others  of  like  reputation,  were  always 
present  at  the  races,  and  their  ojiinions  of  tho 
merits  of  a  horse  wore  eagerly  sought  after  by  bet- 
ting men.  A  hint  from  one  of  these,  os|)eciaIly 
Colonel  Johnson,  as  to  the  condition  or  merit  of  a 
horse,  generally  showed  itself  on  the  Held  or  in  the 
betting-rooms,  and  those  interested  wero  seldom 
deceived.  Fashion,  Peytona,  Jjaily  Clifton,  At- 
lanta, Boston,  Mingo,  Blue  Dick,  Decatur,  Bon- 
netts  o'  Blue  and  some  others  were  among  the 
first  class,  with  any  number  of  lillies  and  colts  to 
fill  tho  second  and  third  classes. 

Tho  "four-mile"  day  always  tilled  the  grand- 
stand, and  covered  the  lield  with  carriages  and 
vehicles  of  every  kind.  Ladies  wero  never  scarce, 
and    entered    into  the    sport    and   betting   with 


as  much  zeal  and  8j)irit  as  thoir  escorts.  Occa- 
sionally some  steady-going  farmer  of  the  neigh- 
borhood would  lose  liis  head,  bet  his  money  on 
the  race,  and  leave  the  ground  a  wiser  man,  think- 
ing that  among  the  uncertain  things  of  this  world 
horse-ilesh  might  bo  included. 

Tho  cups  and  ball  man,  or  "the  boy  with  the 
little  Joker  "  generally  drew  about  him  a  woudei'- 
ing  crowd,  and  industriously  plied  his  calling 
"  between  the  heats,"  tleecing  tho  verdant  ones 
who  stood  around  and  thought  it.  was  tho  easiest 
thing  in  tho  world  to  win.  The  player  would  oc- 
casionally lose  a  small  amount  to  a  confederate, 
only  to  entrap  some  unsuspecting  one  and  defraud' 
him  of  his  money. 

lOvery  appliance  for  gambling  could  bo  seen, 
attended  by  drunkenness  and  debauchery  to  tho 
last  degree.  Tho  argument  that  the  improvement 
of  tho  breed  of  horses  was  the  objoet  had  no 
weight  when  nu)rality  and  good  government  wore 
considered. 

Very  soon  the  bettor  class  of  citi/.ons  took  tho 
necessary  steps  to  abate  it,  and  meetings  wore  hold 
to  express  public  opinion  on  this  subject.  Peti- 
tions wore  largely  signed  and  ollbrls  nuulo  to  pro- 
cure a  general  law  against  horse-racing  in  tho 
State.  This  mot  with  a  detormiuod  opposition, 
but  was  at  last  brought  about,  much  to  tho  relief 
of  tho  people  in  this  vieinity. 

Ueing  found  unprofitable  to  the  owners,  ovidonco 
of  decay  was  already  seen  in  tho  buildings  and 
grounds,  and  it  gradually  lost  its  poiiularity  as  a 
place  of  resort.  The  rowdy  element  at  last  pre- 
dominated, and  lowered  the  standard  of  respecta- 
bility which  at  flrst  surrounded  tho  place.  The 
original  proprietors  withdrew  and  rented  tiio 
promises  to  otbers  loss  careful  of  its  reputation, 
which  nnule  it  still  more  unpopular. 

The  s]iorting  eommnnity  of  1845  was  greatly  ex-' 
cited  at  the  meeting  of  two  oelobraled  horses — 
Peytona  and  Faahion — at  the  Long  Island  race- 
course, and  where  Fashion,  "the  (juoen  of  the 
turf,"  was  beaten.  Within  the  next  month  tho 
same  animals  were  again  brought  fogt^thor  o\i  tho 
tJiimden  and  Philadelphia  tra,ck,  when  and  where 
I'^ashion  won  back  her  laurels,  so  uuexpoctedly 
taken  from  her. 

The  groat  contest  of  years  ago  between  Kclipso 
and  Sir  Henry  (the  North  against  the  South),  at 
Long  Island,  created  no  more  interest  than  this 
nuitch,  and  the  admirers  of  the  "  little  mare  "  wero 
glad  of  a  (dianco  for  a  second  race.  The  event 
filled  every  available  space  with  anxious  specta- 
tors, and  during  tho  first  boat  tho  grand  stand  gave 
way,  and  nuuiy  persons  wore  injured, 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  HADDON. 


653 


But  little  racing  took  place  there  after  that  time, 
and  iu  January,  1847,  William  E.  Johnson  con- 
veyed the  property  to  Samuel  Bettle,  who,  during 
the  next  year,  removed  every  building  devoted  to 
the  previous  uses,  and  restored  the  land  again  to 
agricultural  purposes.  The  hotel  stood  fronting 
the  Camden  and  White  Horse  turnpike,  and  near 
the  site  of  the  present  residence  of  the  Hon.  Ed- 
ward Bettle,  and  was  a  large  and  imposing  edifice. 
The  track  lay  to  the  east  of  the  hotel,  with  two 
circular  and  two  straight  "quarters,"  and  ex- 
tended to  the  residence  of  William  Bettle,  Esq. 
The  estate  is  now  divided  between  and  occupied 
by  the  two  last-named  gentlemen. 

C01.LINGSWOOD.— Collingswood  is  on  the  Rob- 
ert Turner  tract,  which  some  time  later  came  to 
Jacob  Stokes.  The  old  Ferry  road,  or  Camden  and 
Haddonfield  turnpike,  passes  through  it.  The 
houses  standing  on  or  near  the  site  prior  to  its  be- 
ginning were  the  old  Barton  house  and  the  Barton 
school-house,  and  about  one  mile  from  it,  on  the 
CoUings  or  Gloucester  road,  formerly  stood  a  Bap- 
tist Church,  which  was  built  in  1843  and  dedicated 
November  30th,  Rev.  J.  E.  Welch  preaching  the 
dedicatory  sermon,  and  the  congregation  was 
served  first  by  Rev.  John  Sisty,  of  Haddonfield. 
Rev.  Charles  Sexton  was  pastor  for  several  years 
and  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Walter  Potter,  who 
was  the  last  regular  pastor.  Services  were  aban- 
doned several  years  ago  and  the  building  is  now 
used  as  a  dwelling-house.  About  three-quarters 
of  a  mile  away  stand  the  Newton  Mills,  now 
owned  by  J.  J.  Schnitzius.  The  old  Barton  school- 
house  was  built  before  1809  and  was  abandoned 
many  years  ago.  The  present  school-house  was 
built  about  five  years  ago. 

Stonetown,  a  hamlet  on  the  turnpike  near  by,  is 
a  collection  of  twenty  dwellings,  built  by  Isaiah 
Stone,  who  about  1850  purchased  a  small  tract  of 
land  of  the  Cooper  estate  and  built  a  few  dwell- 
ings. A  meeting-house  was  built  at  this  place 
under  the  aus.pice8  of  the  Methodists,  about  1858, 
by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Felty.  It  was  used  several  years 
and  then  abandoned  for  regular  service  and  is  now 
the  property  of  Edward  C.  Knight.  A  Sunday- 
school  has  been  kept  for  several  years  by  Richard 
T.  Collings.  The  old  Barton  house,  about  1860, 
was  changed  into  a  tavern  and  kept  by  Theodore 
Zimmerman,  who,  in  1861,  enlisted  in  the  army. 
The  tavern  was  then  kept  for  a  time  by  a  Mr. 
Woods  and  later  by  Mahlon  V.  Van  Voskirk  for 
many  years,  and  who  is  yet  in  possession  of  it. 
Collingswocd  was  made  a  station  in  1871  and  a 
fine  depot  was  built  in  the  spring  of  1885.  A  store 
building  was  erected  in  1882  by  J.  Stokes  Collings 


and  a  store  opened,  which  is  still  kept  by  him.  In 
the  fall  of  1885  another  was  erected  by  Elmer  E. 
McGill,  in  which  he  established  business  and  soon 
after  sold  to  H.  R.  Tatem  and  T.  H.  Ashton.  A 
drug  store  has  been  recently  opened.  A  tract  of 
forty  acres  of  land  was  recently  purchased  by  Rich- 
ard T.  Collings,  Elmer  E.  McGill  and  others  of 
William  T.  Tatem,  lying  south  of  the  railroad  and 
fronting  on  the  Collings  or  Gloucester  road,  which 
has  been  laid  out  into  streets  and  lots.  Fifteen  or 
twenty  lots  are  now  sold  and  a  number  of  cottages 
will  be  erected  the  present  season  (1886).  A  post- 
office  was  established  a  few  )ears  ago,  with  J. 
Stokes  Collings  as  postmaster.     . 

Westmont.— The  village  of  Westmont  lies  be- 
tween Collingswood  and  Haddonfield,  and  was 
formerly  called  Rowandtown,  from  the  family  of 
Rowands,  that  over  a  hundred  years  ago  owned  the 
farm  on  which  it  is  situated.  John  Eowand  was 
a  blacksmith  and  had  a  shop  at  the  place,  and 
Jacob  Rowand  later  opened  a  store,  which  after  a 
few  years  was  closed,  and  later  opened  by  Dayton 
Deval.  It  was  made  a  flag  station  on  the  Camden 
and  Atlantic  Railroad  and  named  Glenwood,  and 
later  the  name  was  changed  to  Westmont.  Thomas 
Anderson  kept  a  wheelwright  shop  at  the  place 
many  years.  A  school-house  is  situated  in  the 
town.  A  religious  society  was  organized  in  1883 
under  the  name  of  the  Shiloh  Baptist  Church. 
Rev.  T.  W.  Wilkinson  was  the  first  pastor.  He  was 
succeeded  by  the  Rev.  T.  W.  Bromley,  the  present 
pastor.  Dr.  J.  N.  Hobensack,  son  of  Dr.  J.  B. 
Hobensack,  is  laying  out  lots  in  the  town,  which 
is  growing  quite  rapidly  and  bids  fair  to  be  a 
thriving  village. 

A  short  distance  from  the  town  of  Westmont 
James  Flinn  &  Co.,  in  1872,  established  the  Crys- 
tal Lake  Paint  and  Color  Works,  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  white  lead,  zinc,  ready-mixed  paints  and 
all  colored  paints.  The  works  are  in  operation, 
under  the  name  of  the  Westmont  Paint  Works. 

About  twenty  years  since,  David  U.  Morgan 
ventured  in  a  new  enterprise  of  manufacture,  and 
established  himself  in  Haddon  township  about  one 
mile  from  Cuthbert's  Station  on  the  line  of  the 
Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad  in  the  prepa- 
ration of  the  finer  qualities  of  paper  for  use 
by  photographers,  which  has  developed  into  a 
success.  He  imports  from  France  the  quality  of 
paper  needed,  and  by  a  chemical  preparation  of 
albumen — known  to  himself — produces  a  material 
popular  among  that  class  of  artists.  His  reputa- 
tion for  this  kind  of  goods  is  extensive,  and  he 
competes  with  the  German  producers.  Previous 
to   this  he  had,  while  residing  in   Philadelphia, 


654 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


made  a  series  of  experiments  which  culminated  in 
the  husiness  now  pursued  by  him. 

He  has  reclaimed  the  marsh  land  bounding  on 
Coopers  Creek,  by  banking,  and  secured  many 
acres  of  valuable  meadow,  a  thing  seldom  done  in 
these  days.  He  is  a  son  of  David  B.  and  Hannah 
(French)  Morgan,  and  was  born  at  Chews  Landing. 

BIOGEAPHICAL. 

J.  Ogden  Ctjthbebt. — The  family  of  Cuthbert 
trace  their  origin  from  the  county  of  Northumbria, 
in  the  north  of  England.  The  name  is  variously 
known  as  Cubbert,  Colbert  and  Quivert  in  the 
Erse  language.  The  bishop  of  Lindisfern,  in  the 
time  of  King  Alfred,  was  of  the  family,  and  by 
reason  of  revolution  about  the  time  of  the  death 
of  the  bishop,  the  family  and  kindred  were  obliged 
to  seek  refuge  in  Inverness,  Scotland,  where  they 
were  under  the  patronage  of  King  Alfred.  For 
their  services  they  were  granted  the  freedom  of 
being  burgesses  and  the  rights  of  the  lands  of 
Drakies  in  vassalage,  which  they  still  possess. 
This  influence  induced  the  Baron  of  Dacies  to  give 
the  vassalage  of  the  Lands  of  Mackery,  which  also 
they  hold.  It  was  long  after  and  about  950 
that  they  obtained  from  the  King,  in  recom- 
pense for  their  constant  and  distinguished  ser- 
vices, the  lands  that  comprise  the  barony  of 
Castlehill,  which  they  obtained  as  a  royal  holding, 
in  fee  with  a  fortified  castle  under  the  burden  of 
a  subject  to  military  service. 

Prior  to  the  eleventh  century  the  family  was 
known  simply  by  the  name  of  George,  such  sur- 
names only  being  used  in  the  Highlands.  In  the 
time  of  the  invasion  of  Edward  I.  the  family 
chose  for  an  armorial  bearing  a  "Quiver  in  pale 
azure,  armed  Gules  in  a  field  Or,"  as  being  the 
most  expressive  symbol  of  their  wisdom. 

After  peace  was  declared,  the  family  took  for  a 
crest  a  naked  hand,  holding  an  olive  branch,  and 
for  a  motto  "  Perit  and  Eecte,"  and  in  the  twelfth 
century  the  family  were  known  as  Quivert  or  Qui- 
bert,  with,  for  the  chief,  the  patronymic  MacGeorge 

Upon  the  union  ot  the  Highland  clans  under  the 
name  of  Scots,  the  Pict  language  became  the  lan- 
guage of  the  court,  state  and  Parliament.  The 
family  then  obtained  the  name  of  Cuthbert  or 
Cudbert,  from  cuth,  which  signifies  skill,  and 
bert,  illustrious,  which  name  the  bishop  of  Lin- 
disfern received  in  the  Erse  language  as  Quivert. 

Part  of  the  family  went  to  England  and  France, 
and  passed  under  the  name  of  Colbert.  One  of 
the  family  came  to  Cork,  from  whom  the  family 
in  this  country  descended.  In  the  early  part  of 
the   eighteenth   century   Thomas    Cuthbert  emi- 


grated from  Ireland  and  settled  in  Philadelphia; 
other  members  of  the  family,  who  emigrated  about 
the  same  time,  settled  in  the  South  and  Canada, 
where  their  descendants  are  numerous.  Thomas 
had  a  large  family  of  children,  one  of  whom, 
Anthony,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1760.  He 
was  educated  in  that  city  and  married  there.  He 
joined  the  army  in  the  Revolution  and  was  lieu- 
tenant in  Captain  Moulder's  Company  of  Artillery 
and  received  a  captain's  commission  April  15, 
1780,  and  was  placed  in  command  of  the  Smith 
Company  of  Artillery.  While  absent  in  the  army 
his  property  in  the  city  was  destroyed  by  the 
British.  He  was  one  of  the  committee  appointed 
to  build  the  Market  Street  bridge.  He  received 
as  his  reward  for  faithful  performance  of  this 
duty  a  silver  pitcher  and  resolution  of  thanks. 
He  was  for  manv  years  a  member  of  Select  Coun- 
cil and  chosen  by  the  united  action  of  both  parties, 
so  faithful  was  he  to  the  interests  in  his  charge. 

He  was  one  of  the  committee  chosen  to  erect 
Fairmount  water-works.  He  was  twice  married, 
and  his  last  wife  was  Mary  Ogden,  daughter  of 
Joseph  Ogden.  He  died  in  1832,  Their  children 
were  J.  Ogden,  Allen,  Samuel,  George,  Elizabeth 
Mary  and  Lydia.  J.  Ogden,  now  of  Haddon 
township,  is  the  only  surviving  brother.  Elizabeth, 
married  Algernon  S.  Roberts ;  Lydia  became  the 
wife  of  Joseph  M.  Thomas,  both  of  whom  resided 
in  Philadelphia,  and  are  deceased. 

J.  Ogden  Cuthbert  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
September  23,  1800.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
was  apprenticed  to  Joseph  and  Samuel  Keen  to 
learn  the  trade  of  currier.  After  serving  his  time 
his  father  purchased  for  him  a  farm  in  West 
Philadelphia,  which  he  still  owns.  In  1850  he 
bought  the  farm  on  the  Old  Ferry  road,  Haddon 
township,  Camden  County,  on  which  he  now 
lives.  He  was  married  to  Elizabeth  S.  Coles, 
daughter  of  Kendall  Coles,  April  3,  1823.  Their 
children  were  Mary  C,  Anthony  (deceased), 
Joseph  Ogden,  Jr.,  Allen  and  Hjsnry  C.  The 
children  are  settled  in  the  county  and  are  all  well- 
known  and  respected.  J.  Ogden  Cuthbert  has 
always  been  of  a  retiring  disposition,  preferring  the 
quiet  of  home  "to  the  more  stirring  events  of 
political  life.  He  has  followed  farming  since  the 
close  of  his  apprenticeship,  and  is  now,  at  the  age 
of  eighty-six,  hale  and  vigorous.  A  golden  wed- 
ding was  celebrated  in  1873,  and  a  few  months  after 
Mrs.  Cuthbert  died.  He  is  in  religion  an  Episco- 
palian, and  has  held  the  position  of  warden  of 
Grace  Church,  Haddonfield,  for  over  thirty  years. 
His  son,  Henry  C,  was  a  member  of  32d  Regt.,  Pa. 
Vols,  Starr's  Battery,  Co.  "  L,"  duringthe  late  war. 


^^-c^^^^t 


t^6^^ 


THE   TOWNSHIP  OF  WATERFORD. 


CHAPTER    XIII. 

Topography — The"  Matlack  Family — The  Collins' — Organization — 
Glendale  M.  E.  Chureh — Gibbshoro — Lucas  Paint  Works — Chuich 
of  St,  John  in  the  "Wildemess— Berlin — "  Long  a-Coming— Busi- 
ness Beginnings— Societies — Library — Churches — Berlin  Cemetery 
— Village  cf  Atco — Societies  and  Churches —Chesilhurst— Water- 
ford  Tillage — Churches — "Shanes  Castle,"  The  Woos  Brothers 
and  the  Beginning  of  Catholicism. 

Wateeford  13  one  of  the  original  townships  of 
the  old  county  of  Gloucester,  dating  its  existence 
from  1695.  Its  bounds  have  been  changed  on  a 
number  of  occasions,  its  present  limits  being  as 
follows:  On  the  north  and  east  is  Burlington 
County,  the  Atsion  River  being  the  boundary  line 
in  part;  on  the  southeast,  boundary  of  Atlantic 
County  ;  on  the  south  the  townships  of  Winslow 
and  Gloucester,  the  boundary  line  being  irregu- 
lar to  include  Berlin  and  also  Coopers  Creek, 
which  is  the  southwestern  line ;  on  the  west 
and  north  is  the  township  of  Delaware,  which  was 
included  in  its  territory  until  1S44.  Xear  the 
middle  of  the  township  is  the  divide,  a  pine- 
covered  ridge  about  two  hundred  feet  above  tide- 
water, which  is  the  source  of  the  principal  streams. 
Coopers  Creek  and  its  affluents  flow  into  the  Del- 
aware, while  beyond  the  water-shed  are  the  Great 
and  Little  Egg  Harbor  Rivers  and  the  tributary 
streams  connected  therewith.  Formerly  they 
yielded  water-power,  which  was  used  to  operate 
saw-mills,  nearly  every  stream  being  utilized. 
Much  of  the  land  adjoining  these  streams  has 
been  utilized  to  produce  cranberry  marshes.  The 
surface  is  mainly  level  and  was  originally  covered 
with  a  heavy  growth  of  timber,  the  pine  and 
cedar  predominating.  The  process  of  removing 
these  forests  was  slow  and  laborious,  and  settle- 
ment, consequently,  was  much  retarded,  especially 
in  the  central  and  southern  parts.  In  these  local- 
ities the  soil  is  sandy  or  sandy  loam,  and  better 


adapted  for  fruit  culture  than  the  cereals.  The 
northwestern  section  is  underlaid  by  a  very  rich 
deposit  of  green  sand  marl,  whose  use  ha.s  made 
this  one  of  the  best  agricultural  sections  in  the 
State.  Before  the  use  of  this  valuable  fertilizer 
many  of  the  farms  were  poorly  tilled  and  held  to 
be  of  little  value.  The  construction  of  a  railroad 
through  the  township  and  the  use  of  the  fertiliz- 
ing agent  nature  has  so  freely  provided  have 
wrought  wonderful  changes  in  the  appearance  of 
the  country,  which  has  now  well-tilled  fields  and 
very  attractive  farm  improvements.  The  Camden 
and  Atlantic  Railroad  traverses  nearly  the  entire 
length  of  the  township,  and  east  of  the  central 
part  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad  crosses  the 
territory  diagonally  in  its  course  to  ^STew  York 
City.  Easy  communication  is  thus  afforded  with 
the  great  cities  of  the  country,  which  has  enhanced 
the  value  of  real  estate. 

The  first  settlements  were  made  in  what  is  now 
the  township  of  Delaware,  the  preference  being 
given  to  localities  near  tide-water,  which  afibrded 
the  only  means  of  communication  at  that  early 
period.  Later,  after  roads  were  cut  out,  locations 
were  made  in  the  interior. 

In  the  lower  part  of  the  township,  on  Coopers 
Creek  and  near  the  Delaware  township  line,  the 
Matlacks  made  early  and  important  improvements. 
■\ViI]iam  Matlack,  the  head  of  the  family  in  Xew 
Jersey,  lived  in  Burlington  County,  but  purchased 
large  tracts  of  land  in  what  is  now  Watcrford 
township  in  the  early  part  of  the  last  century,  upon 
which  he  settled  his  children.  In  1701  he  bought 
of  Richard  Heritage  one  thousand  acres  of  land 
on  both  sides  of  the  south  branch  of  Coopers 
Creek,  around  and  near  Kirkwood,  lying  in 
what  is  now  the  townships  of  Gloucester  and 
Waterford.  In  1714  he  gave  his  son  George  five 
hundred  acres  of  the  land  in   Waterford,  upon 

655 


656 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


which  George  had  settled  some  years  previously. 
His  house  stood  on  the  south  side  of  the  present 
Haddonfield  and  Berlin  road,  near  Glendale.  He 
built  a  saw-mill  on  Coopers  Creek,  which,  in  later 
years,  was  called  "Hilliard's"  mill,  but  which 
went  to  ruin  many  years  ago.  After  the  decease 
of  George  Matlack  the  land  was  divided  and  now 
constitutes  several  good  farms.  In  1717  William 
Matlack  purchased  two  hundred  acres  of  land  of 
John  Estaugh,  attorney  of  John  Haddon,  lying  in 
what  is  now  Waterford  and  Delaware  townships, 
near  Glendale.  Here  his  son  Richard  settled  in 
1721 — the  same  year  that  he  had  married  Rebecca 
Haines,  of  Burlington  County.  Upon  this  tract  of 
land  is  the  Matlack  burial-ground,  containing  the 
graves  of  the  older  branches  of  the  family,  where 
Benjamin,  a  son  of  Richard,  was  the  first  person 
interred.  Richard  Matlack  himself  died  in  1778, 
and  was  the  second  person  there  interred.  The 
following  year  his  farm  was  sold  to  William  Todd, 
and  later  Richard  M.  Cooper  became  the  owner  of 
the  land,  which  is  now  the  farm  of  Alexander 
Cooper,  who  is  in  the  maternal  line  a  descendant 
of  Richard  Matlack.  In  1714  William  Matlack 
gave  his  son  Timothy  the  remaining  part  of  the 
Heritage  lands,  in  Waterford  township,  upon 
which  he  built  a  house  and  settled.  This  house 
stood  near  Glendale,  on  the  present  Ephraim 
Tomlinson  farm.  In  1720  Timothy  Matlack  mar- 
ried Mary  Haines  and  probably  settled  on  his 
farm  about  that  time.  He  lived  there  but  a  few 
years,  as  in  1726  he  moved  to  Haddonfield,  where 
he  erected  a  house  and  kept  a  store.  He  was  the 
father  of  Timothy  Matlack,  of  Philadelphia,  who 
was  secretary  of  the  Continental  Congress  for  some 
time. 

In  1732  the  elder  Timothy  Matlack  again  lived 
in  the  township,  but  that  year- sold  out  his  farm  of 
three  hundred  and  nineteen  acres  to  his  brother 
Richard,  and  took  up  his  residence  permanently 
at  Haddonfield.  John  Matlack,  another  son  of 
William  and  brother  of  the  foregoing,  purchased 
two  hundred  acres  of  land  of  Francis  Collins,  in 
1705,  upon  which  he  settled  three  years  later,  when 
he  was  married  to  Hannah  Horner.  The  house 
he  built  on  this  farm  stood  more  than  one  hundred 
and  fifty  years,  when  it  was  taken  down  to  make 
room  for  the  fine  mansion  owned  by  the  heirs  of 
John  Wilkins,  the  present  proprietors  of  part  of 
the  tract.  John  Matlack  removed  to  Haddon- 
field before  the  Revolution,  where  he  built  the 
house  now  owned  by  Isaac  A.  Braddock. 

The  Matlack  lands  in  Waterford  and  Delaware 
at  one  time  aggregated  more  than  fifteen  hundred 
acres,  all  of  which  has  passed  out  of  the  name. 


John  Collins  (the  son  of  John),  who  was  the 
grandson  of  Francis  Collins,  settled  in  Waterford 
township,  near  Glendale,  building  a  large  brick 
house.  This  no  longer  remains.  He  became  the 
owner  of  considerable  real  estate  in  that  region  be- 
fore his  decease,  in  1768.  His  wife  survived  him, 
and  his  child,  Mary,  became  the  wife  of  Samuel 
Hugg,  of  Gloucester.  She  dying  without  issue,  the 
property,  by  the  terms  of  her  father's  will,  passed 
abisolutely  to  John  and  Job  Collins,  sons  of  Francis 
Collins,  Jr.,  who  lived  on  the  Waterford  property 
some  time.  But  the  entire  property  has  long  since 
passed  out  of  the  name  and  family. 

The  names  of  other  settlers  appear  in  connection 
with  the  villages  where  they  resided. 

Civil  Organization. — On  the  1st  of  June, 
1695,  the  grand  jury  of  Gloucester  County  made 
return  to  the  court,  in  which  it  was  declared  that, 
"  Whereas  there  was  a  law  made  by  ye  last  assem- 
bly for  dividing  ye  county  into  particular  town- 
ships, therefore  they  (the  jury)  agree  and  order 
'that  from  Pensaukin  or  Crop  well  River  to 
the  lowermost  branch  of  Coopers  Creek  shall 
be  one  constabulaiy  or  township,'  which  received 
the  name  of  Waterford,  it  is  supposed,  from  a 
resemblance  of  the  lower  part  of  the  territory  to  a 
fishing  town  on  the  Barrow,  in  Ireland.  Edward 
Burrough  was  appointed  constable  for  the  year 
in  'ye  upper  township.'  " 

Waterford,  as  erected  at  this  time,  extended 
from  the  Delaware  River,  southeastward,  between 
the  two  creeks  Pensaukin  and  Coopers,  to  an  indefi- 
nite head-line  of  the  county,  which  was  not  accu- 
rately determined  until  1765,  when  Samuel 
Clement  made  a  survey  and  established  the  same. 
The  township  was  thus  about  thirty  miles  long, 
extending  from  the  Delaware  to  the  head-line  just 
named,  and  following  the  windings  of  the  Pensau- 
kin and  Coopers  Creeks,  in  some  places  scarcely 
two  miles  wide.  It  retained  this  form  until  1844, 
when  all  that  part  below  the  Evesham  road  was 
set  off"  to  form  Delaware  township,  which  was  sub- 
divided to  form  the  township  of  Stockton.  The 
area  of  Waterford  is  about  seventy  square  miles. 

The  records  prior  to  1850  have  not  been  pre- 
served, making  the  compilation  of  a  complete  list 
of  the  principal  officers,  from  the  organization  of 
the  township  to  the  present  time,  an  impossibility. 
Since  the  period  named  the  following  have  been  the 

TOWNSHIP   CLERKS. 

1850-61.— Wm.  J.  Rogers.  1864-06.— George  Watson. 

1862.— John  W,  Thackara.  1866.— Thomas  T.  Smith. 

1863-54.- CorneliusT.  Peacock.  1867-73.— Eayre  Sharp. 

1866-56.— Isaacs.  Peacock.  1874-76.— Wm.  H.  NorcrosR. 

1857-60.— Gamaliel  P.  Marple.  1877.— Robert  "Wills. 

1861-63.— Wm.  J.  Rogers.  1878-86.— Eayre  Sharp. 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OP  WATERFOED. 


657 


1867-68.— Joseph  S.  Head. 
1869-72.— Wilham  Thorn. 
1873  —William  Davis. 
1874-76.- Kobert  F.  Wood. 
1877-80.— Wm.  Thorn. 
1881-86.— Thomas  S.  Thorn. 


185.V51.— Joseph  G.  Shinn. 
1862, — iBaac  L.  Lowe. 
1853.  — Marmaduke  Beckley. 
1864-56.— William  Penn, 
1857.— Isaac  S.  Peacock. 
1858-CO.—  Wm.  Penn. 
1861-66.— Gamaliel  B.  Marple. 

COLLECTORS. 

1850-51.— Jos.  L.  Thackara.  1864-70.— Samuel  S.  Pickler. 

1852-55.— Josephs.  Bead.  1871-76.— Thomas  S.  Thorn. 

1856-61.— Bi-azillia  W.  Bennett.  1877-84  -J.  Curtis  Davis. 

1862-63.— Joshua  P.  Shai-p.  1885-86.— Wm.  H.  Norcros's. 


JUSTICES   or  THE  PEACE. 


1850.- 


-JoBeph  L.  Thackara. 
Washington  Schloeser. 
1855. — Joseph  J.  Rogers. 
1S56.— Richard  Stafford. 
1857.— Brarillia  W.  Bennett. 
1858.— Jesse  Peterson. 
1862-67.— BrazilliaW.  Bennett. 


1868.— Manley  I.  Peacock. 
1869.— JoBiah  C.  Engle. 
1874^79.— B.  W.  Bennett. 
1880.— Salmon  Giddings. 
1884- B.  W.  Bennett. 
1885.— Salmon  Giddings. 
1886.— Samuel  Layer. 


For  many  years  the  annual  elections  were  held 
at  the  public-houses  at  Berlin,  but  in  1873  the 
township  purchased  the  old  school  building  at  this 
place  and  converted  the  same  into  a  town  hall, 
where  these  meetings  have  since  been  held.  Being 
large  and  centrally  located,  it  is  well  adapted  for 
its  use. 

GLENDALE. 

Glendale  is  a  small  hamlet  two  miles  from  Kirk- 
wood,  consisting  of  a  store,  church  and  half  a 
dozen  dwellings.  The  business  stand  was  erected 
in  1851, by  Ephraim  Tomlinson,  who  opened  a  store 
there,  placing  it  in  charge  of  Thomas  Eogers,  who 
had  previously  carried  on  his  store  at  Laurel  Mills. 
Tomlinson  was  also  appointed  postmaster,  holding 
that  position  until  the  office  was  discontinued. 
David  Middleton  and  Robert  Wood  were  also  store- 
keepers, the  latter  a  long  term  of  years.  For  a 
long  time  Glendale  was  an  excellent  trading-point, 
and  a  second  store  was  opened  by  Josiah  C.  Engle, 
occupying  the  building  on  the  corner  opposite, 
which  is  now  his  residence.  This  store  was  dis- 
continued after  a  few  years,  but  the  old  stand  is  still 
occupied  by  George  Stafford,  though  the  place  has 
lost  its  former  activity. 

The  only  public-house  in  this  locality  was  the 
Cross  Keys  Tavern,  on  the  public  road  to  Gibbs- 
boro',  which  was  kept  many  years  by  Asa  Van- 
sciver,  Elwood  Wolohon  Joseph  Bates,  Britton 
Ayers,  John  Elwell  and  others.  As  long  as  the 
road  was  much  traveled,  before  the  railroad  was 
built,  the  patronage  of  the  house  was  good,  but  its 
usefulness  departed  many  years  ago.  The  building 
has  been  removed,  and  there  is  scarcely  a  reminder 
of  the  old  hostelry. 

The  soil  at  Glendale  appears  to  be  specially 
adapted  for  the  cultivation  of  small   fruits,  and 


Glendale  berries  have  become  widely  known.  In 
1882  Josiah  0.  Engle  had  in  cultivation  one-third 
of  an  acre  of  strawberries,  which  yielded  him  six 
hundred  and  twenty-five  dollars,  an  amount  so 
large  that  it  attracted  general  attention.  Among 
the  principal  growers  of  this  fruit  at  Glendale  are 
Josiah  C.  Engle,  John  Bobbins,  E.  W.  Coffin, 
Montgomery  Stafford  and  a  few  others. 

Glendale  Methodist  Episcopal  Chuech  is 
a  small  frame  building,  on  a  stone  basement, 
which  is  used  for  school  purposes.  It  stands  on  a 
lot  of  ground  donated  by  Alexander  Cooper,  who 
also  gratuitously  furnished  the  stone  in  the  build- 
ing. The  house  was  erected  about  1855,  by  the 
neighbors,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  a  building 
convenient  for  both  church  and  school  use.  Among 
those  interested  in  promoting  these  objects  were 
Richard  Stafford,  Catherine  Engle,  Nixon  Davis, 
Joseph  C.  Stafford,  Jesse  Peterson,  Israel  Biggins, 
Theodore  Bishop  and  Montgomery  Stafford.  Most 
of  these  adhered  to  the  Methodist  Church,  and 
also  constituted  the  first  members  of  the  class  or- 
ganized before  the  house  was  built.  The  appoint- 
ment was  for  many  years  supplied  in  connection 
with  Greenland  and  other  churches.  While  con- 
nected with  Berlin,  twenty-six  years  ago,  the  Bev. 
Thomas  Hanlon,  at  that  time  a  young  man,  was 
the  preacher  in  charge,  and,  under  his  ministry, 
the  church  had  the  greatest  accession  of  members. 
Bemovals  have  diminished  the  number,  so  that 
in  1886  but  thirty  belonged.  At  the  same  time  the 
tJ-ustees  were  Montgomery  Stafford,  John  Bates, 
Jehu  Engle,  Jacob  Acey  and  Charles  Brown. 

Ashland  is  a  station  on  the  Camden  and  At- 
lantic Railroad,  on  the  Delaware  township  line. 
A  post-otHce  of  the  same  name  has  been  re- 
cently established,  and  Amos  Ebert  appointed 
postmaster.  Aside  from  these,  no  other  interests 
have  been  created. 

GIBBSBORO'. 

Gibbsboro'  is  a  village  of  two  hundred  and  fifty- 
five  inhabitants,  two  miles  from  Kirkwood  and 
nearly  the  same  distance  from  Glendale,  and  near 
the  site  of  a  saw-mill  built  by  Enoch  Core  as  early 
as  1731.  It  is  important  on  account  of  the  loca- 
tion of  the  paint  and  color  works  of  John  Lucas 
&  Co.,  the  proprietors  of  the  village  site.  Its  pop- 
ulation is  composed  almost  wholly  of  the  em- 
ployees of  the  works,  many  of  them,  through  the 
liberality  of  John  Lucas,  owning  their  own  homes. 
Additions  have  been  recently  completed,  and  with 
the  prospect  of  having  a  branch  railway  from  the 
Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad,  the  future  of  the 
place  has  become  correspondingly  bright.  Besides 
the  works  of  John  Lucas  &  Co.  there  is  a  fine 


(15S 


IirSTORY  01''  CAMDKN  COUNTY,  NKW  JERSKY. 


Episcopal  chiipel,a  number  of  beautiful  residences, 
with  attractive  grounds,  and  several  stores.  At 
the  older  stand,  Thomas  Henderson  was  first  in 
trade.  In  June,  1881,  J.  S.  Clark  began  merchan- 
dising at  the  second  stand,  and  since  February 
5,  1883,  has  served  as  postmaster  of  the  Gibbs- 
boro'  oflice,  established  at  that  time. 

The  Gibbsboko'  White  Lead,  Zinc  and 
Color  Wohks, — These  extensive  works,  employ- 
ing a  large  number  of  men  and  creating  prosperity 
in  all  the  region  round  about  them,  were  estab- 
lished by  Mr.  John  Lucas,  who  commenced  the 
paint  business  in  Philadelphia  in  1849.  He  was 
led  to  choose  this  locality  on  the  head  of  Coopers 
Creek  by  the  consideration  that  the  water  in  the 
ponds  or  lakes  here  was  of  just  the  proper  and 
necessary  quality  for  the  manufacture  of  certain 
specialties  in  paint,  which,  by  experiment,  he  had 
discovered,  or,  it  may  not  improperly  be  said,  in- 
vented. He  found  the  water  free  from  lime  and 
iron-salts — an  absolute  requisite  for  the  production 
of  unchangeable  colors — and  purchased  a  large 
estate,  upon  which  was  an  old  grist  and  saw-mill. 
Here  he  began  manufacturing  in  a  small  way, 
making  use  of  the  old  water-power,  wliich,  how- 
ever, was  soon  superseded  by  steum.  The  works 
were  enlarged  from  time  to  time  as  the  demands 
for  the  products  of  the  factory  rapidly  increased, 
and  to  the  list  of  the  colors  manufactured  were 
added  all  those  which  he  had  formerly  im- 
ported. Mr.  Lucas  has  also  gradually  extended 
his  land  possessions,  with  a  view  to  securing  con- 
trol of  the  water  supply  and  its  surroundings,  and 
thus  maintaining  its  purity.  While  this  has  been 
the  motive  of  successive  land  purchases,  another  ef- 
fect has  resulted,  which  redounds  to  the  advantage 
of  the  emidoyccs,  ibr  the  proprietor  has  been  ena- 
bled to  sell  such  of  them  as  wish  to  locate  in  the 
neighborhood,  building  lots,  or  larger  tracts  of  land 
on  a  most  liberal  system  of  advances  and  easy  pay. 
ments.  Any  employee  can,  in  a  few  years,  provide 
himself  with  a  home,  with  many  comibrts  and 
pleasant  surroundings. 

The  products  of  the  works,  as  the  name  implies, 
are  white  lead,  zinc  and  all  kinds  of  paints.  A 
full  line  of  varnis^hes  is  also  manufactured.  Some 
idea  of  the  magnitude  of  the  works  is  conveyed 
by  the  statement  that  the  grinding  and  crushing 
machinery  have  a  capacity  of  sixty  thousand 
pounds  per  day.  The  best  machinery  known  to 
the  trade  is  in  use  in  the  several  departments,  and 
whatever  is  new,  or  whatever  ingenuity  can  sug- 
gest in  the  way  of  improved  processes,  is  readily 
adopted.  There  is  an  extensive  laboratory  in  con- 
nection with  the  works,  in  which  experiments  are 


constantly  being  made,  and  in  which  practical 
experience  and  theoretical  knowledge  are  united 
to  produce  the  best  results  attainable.  This  de- 
partment is  under  the  supervision  of  Mr.  Lucas' 
sons,  Albert  and  Harry  S.  Lucas.  Three  other 
sons,  John  T.,  William  E.  and  James  F.,  also  fill 
positions  of  responsibility  in  these  extensive  works. 

Mr.  John  I./Ucas  has  given  his  business  close  atten- 
tion and  made  many  practical  improvements  in  the 
manufacture  of  lead  and  paint,  as  the  result  of  his 
stu^y.  In  October,  1870,  he  took  out  letters-patent 
for  a  combination  apparatus  for  the  manufacture 
of  painters'  and  paper-stainers'  colors,  which  effects 
a  saving  of  fully  fifty  per  cent,  in  labor  alone;  in 
1872  ho  procured  a  patent  for  preparing  pure  lin- 
seed-oil liquid  paints,  and  in  1878  he  patented  an 
improved  process  for  corroding  and  manufacturing 
white  lead. 

The  house  has  offices  and  stores  at  141-143 
North  Fourth  Street  and  322-330  Race  Street, 
Philadelphia,  and  at  84  Maiden  Lane,  New  York, 
in  which  city  the  first  oflice  was  opened  at  122 
West  Broadway,  in  18U9. 

John  Lucas,'  manufacturing  chemist,  was  born 
at  Stone,  Staffordshire,  England,  November  25, 
1823.  He  is  the  eldest  son  of  Thomas  Lucas,  of 
the  same  place,  and  a  descendant  of  John  Lucas, 
of  Ashbourn,  Derbyshire,  the  warm  friend  and 
companion  of  the  celebrated  I/-aak  Walton.  He 
received  a  liberal  education  at  Fieldplace  Com- 
mercial Academy,  near  his  native  town,  which 
having  terminated,  he  entered  the  store  and 
counting-room  of  his  father,  who  was  a  grocer  and 
tea  dealer,  where  ho  remained  for  a  short  time. 
Finding,  however,  that  mercantile  pursuits  were 
not  to  his  taste,  ho  commenced  the  study  of  agri- 
cultural chemistry.  His  progress  in  this  and  its 
kindred  branches  was  so  marked  that  to  it  he 
owes  his  present  attainments  as  a  manufacturer. 
As  he  desired  to  see  something  of  the  world 
before  selecting  his  future  home,  ho  left  England, 
in  1844,  for  a  visit  to  the  United  States  and  the 
CanadiiB.  He  was  so  well  pleased  with  the  former 
that  on  his  return  to  England  he  made  the  neces- 
sary arrangements  for  immigrating  and  becoming 
an  American  citizen.  It  was  in  1849  that  he 
finally  quitted  the  "old  country,"  and  it  was  to 
Philadelphia  that  he  directed  his  steps.  On  his  ar- 
rival, with  the  usual  energy  and  activity  which 
have  ever  marked  his  life,  he  entered  at  once  into 
business,  and  for  a  while  pursued  the  calling  of  a 
foreign  commission  and  shipping  merchant.  He 
represented  several  largo  European  manufacturing 
houses,    selling    good  F.    O.   B.   in    Europe,   or 

>  From  tha  Biographlcul  Unuyolopifdla  of  FeDnsyWanla.    t  . , 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OP  WATERFORD. 


659 


importing  to  order.  His  first  store  was  at  No.  33 
North  Front  Street,  where  he  coafined  himself  al- 
most exclusively  to  paints  and  colors,  or  materials 
used  in  the  manufacture  of  the  same ;  but  finding 
it  a  difficult  matter  to  ascertain — through  the 
medium  of  the  wholesale  trade — the  most  desirable 
articles  needed  in  the  American  market  and  by 
painters,  he  took  a  large  store  on  Fourth  Street, 
•north  of  Arch,  the  locale  then,  as  now,  of  the 
paint  and  color  trade,  and  himself  served  behind 
the  counter,  thus  coming  into  direct  contact  with 
the  practical  painter,  for  the  purpose  of  discover- 
ing what  were  his  actual  requirements.  By  this 
means  he  learned  that  a  good  green  paint[was  needed 
to  take  the  place  of  the  Paris  or  arsenical  green, 
so  deficient  in  body  and  so  injurious  to  those  using 
the  same.  Now,  his  proficiency  in  chemistry  was 
of  immense  service  to  him,  and,  after  repeated 
experiments,  he  discovered  a  method  of  producing 
the  required  article,  and  has  received  letters- 
patent  for  valuable  improvements  in  the  ma- 
chinery requisite  in  manufacturing  the  same. 

In  1852,  for  the  purpose  of  extending  his  busi- 
ness, he  associated  himself  with  Joseph  Foster,  a 
relation  of  his,  who  was  an  old  and  experienced 
color  manufacturer.  They  removed  their  estab- 
lishment to  No.  130  Arch  Street,  and  he  purchased 
a  tract  of  land  in  Camden  County,  N.  J.,  on  which 
there  was  a  large  sheet  of  remarkably  pure  water, 
entirely  devoid  of  iron  or  lime  (the  head-waters  of 
Coopers  Creek).  Thereon  he  erected  the  "  Gibbs- 
horo'  White-lead,  Zinc  and  Color  Works."  The 
purity  of  the  water  enabled  him  to  produce 
the  beautiful  permanent  "Swiss''  and  "Imperial 
French  Greens,"  now  so  favorably  known  and  so 
extensively  used  throughout  the  United  States 
and  the  Dominion.  The  perfection  to  which  he 
has  brought  the  white  oxide  of  zinc,  effected  by 
continued  and  careful  chemical  experiments,  may 
be  understood  when  it  is  stated  that  the  best 
judges  of  the  article  have  pronounced  it  to  be 
not  only  superior  to  any  manufactured  in  this 
country,  but  fully  equal  to  the  world-renowned 
Vieulle  Montaigne  Company's  production.  The 
pulp  steel  and  Chinese  blue  and  primrose  chrome 
yellows  have  superseded  the  French  and  English, 
and  are  now  used  by  all  the  leading  paper-hanging 
manufacturers  in  the  United  States.  In  1857 
Joseph  Foster  withdrew  from  the  firm,  when  the 
senior  partner  was  joined  by  his  brother,  William 
H.  Lucas,  who  took  charge  of  the  salesroom  and 
financial  department,  leaving  the  former  at  liberty 
to  devote  his  sole  attention  to  the  manufacturing 
and  chemical  departments,  a  plan  which  has 
enabled  the  firm  to  attain  that  pre-eminence  they 


now  hold  in  the  trade.  Having  become  an  Ameri- 
can citizen  by  naturalization,  he  has  ever  since 
identified  himself  with  every  national  movement. 
At  the  outbreak  of  the  Rebellion,  in  1861,  he 
threw  all  his  heart  and  energy  into  the  Union 
cause,  and  took  active  part  in  organizing,  drilling 
and  equipping  volunteers  for  the  army.  The 
location  of  his  large  interests  in  New  Jersey  has 
naturally  caused  him  to  feel  a  deep  interest  in  the 
prosperity  of  the  Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad, 
of  which  he  has  been  for  some  years  a  director, 
and  of  which  he  also  served  as  president  from 
1876-77,  and  through  it  in  the  welfare  of  the  town 
at  its  terminus  on  the  sea-coast.  His  works,  near 
"White-Horse  Station,"  contribute  revenue  in  no 
small  degree  to  the  road  from  the  amount  of 
freight  shipped  and  received  at  that  point.  Per- 
sonally, he  is  genial  and  affable,  combining  the 
shrewd  man  of  business  with  the  polished  gentle- 
man; while  among  the  mercantile  community  his 
name  for  honesty  and  integrity  has  no  superior. 

John  Lucas  was,  upon  September  6, 1854,  united 
in  marriage  with  Harriet  Annie  Bown  (born  May 
27,  1836),  only  daughter  of  Abraham  and  Ellen 
Bown,  of  Philadelphia,  both  born  in  England. 
They  have  been  the  parents  of  fifteen  children, 
twelve  of  whom  are  living — eight  sons  and  four 
daughters,  viz. :  John  Thomas,  William  Edward, 
James  Foster,  Albert,  Harry  Spencer,  Joseph 
Wilson,  Robert  Suddard,  S.  Barton,  Harriet  Annie 
(now  Mrs.  Charles  A.  Potter),  Ellen  Bown,  Eliza- 
beth Sanders  and  Frances  Ethel.  Mrs.  Lucas  was 
instrumental  in  building  the  Episcopal  Church  at 
Gibbsboro'— "St.  John's  in  the  Wilderness" — and 
a  rectory  is  nearlng  completion  as  a  result  of  her 
well-directed  energy.  In  Philadelphia  she  is 
identified  with  the  Chinese  and  Italian  Missions 
and  the  Indian  Rights  Society  and  is  a  manager 
in  several  institutions,  the  last  being  the  Hayes 
Mechanics'  Home,  on  Belmont  Avenue.  She  is 
also  president  of  the  Women's  Silk  Culture  Asso- 
ciation of  the  United  States. 

Pjbotestant  Episcopal  Church  of  St.  John 
IN  THE  Wilderness.' — After  a  residence  of  several 
years  in  the  village  of  Gibbsboro',  during  which 
time  the  increase  of  population  had  been  consider- 
able, it  became  a  matter  of  duty,  as  well  as  a  work 
of  love,  to  Mr.  John  Luc  as  and  others  of  the  color 
works,  to  provide  a  church  for  the  regular  oppor- 
tunities of  service  to  Gotl.  It  seemed  proper,  after 
years  of  prosperity,  to  thus  acknowledge  his  bless- 
ings, and  in  this  spirit  work  was  begun  and  the  cor- 
ner-stone of  the  church  edifice  laid  October  1, 
1882.    Bishop  John  Scarborough  officiated,  and  in 

1  By  Mrs.  John  Lucas. 


660 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


his  address  emphasized  the  duty  manufacturers 
and  other  employers  owe  to  their  employees,  and 
urged  them  to  have  a  care  for  their  spiritual  as  well 
as  their  bodily  needs.  On  June  24, 1883,  the  church 
was  consecrated  and  deeded  to  the  diocese,  as  a 
free-will  gift,  in  a  state  of  full  completion.  It  is  a 
handsome  frame  structure  in  the  Gothic  style  of 
architecture,  with  a  slated  roof,  relieved  by  a  neat 
belfry.  The  interior  has  a  modern  finish,  the 
windows  being  stained  glass  and  the  furniture  of 
unique  design  and  rich  construction.  The  out- 
side surroundings  are  also  very  pleasing,  the 
grounds  being  well  set  with  trees  and  shrubbery, 
causing  the  place  to  be  one  of  the  most  attractive 
in  the  village.  The  entire  cost  of  the  property 
was  more  than  eight  thousand  dollars,  much  the 
greater  part  of  which  was  borne  by  John  Lucas. 

In  the  spring  of  1886  Lucian  Wooster  donated  a 
lot  of  ground  to  the  trustees  of  the  church  upon 
which  they  will  erect  a  rectory  the  coming  sum- 
mer, and  it  is  also  proposed  to  erect  a  St.  John's 
guild-house,  the  ensuing  year,  for  literary  meetings 
and  entertainments,  and  to  establish  a  reading- 
room  in  connection.  It  is  believed  that  such  a 
measure  will  contribute  to  a  fund  to  extend  the 
usefulness  of  the  church  and  to  awaken  an  interest 
in  its  work.  A  plat  of  ground  will  also  be  pre- 
pared as  a  God's  acre,  where  may  be  placed  the 
mortal  remains  of  those  who  had  their  habitation 
here  and  who,  in  death,  can  repose  in  the  shadow 
of  the  church  where  they  worshipped. 

On  St.  John's  day  of  each  year  a  confirmation 
class  of  from  six  to  ten  have  been  presented  to  the 
bishop,  and  the  doctrines  and  teachings  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  have  been  eagerly 
accepted,  especially  by  the  young  of  the  village. 
The  church  has  a  flourishing  Sabbath-school  of 
seventy  scholars  and  there  are  also  connected  with 
it  a  sewing  guild,  an  entertainment  guild,  and  a 
beneficial  association  at  the  works  for  the  benefit 
of  the  men  of  Gibbsboro'  and  vicinity,  all  proving 
valuable  adjuncts. 

The  first  rector  of  the  church  was  the  Rev. 
James  W.  Ashton,  formerly  of  the  Grace  Protes- 
tant Episcopal  Church,  Philadelphia,  but  now 
rector  of  St.  Stephen's,  Olean,  N.  Y.  He  began 
his  ministry  here  in  the  school-house  December  1, 
1882,  and  continued  until  March  3,  1883,  when  he 
left  for  his  present  parish.  The  Kev.  Ezra  Isaac 
became  the  next,  rector  conducting  an  earnest  min- 
istry for  a  period  of  one  year  and  nine  months, 
until  continued  sickness  caused  him  to  resign  and 
return  to  his  home  at  Bordentown.  The  present 
rector,  the  Rev.  John  R.  Moses,  took  charge  of  the 
church   March   9,    1886,   and   here   received    his 


degree  as  a  minister.  His  labors  have  been  earn- 
est and,  having  the  co-operation  of  his  members, 
St.  John's  in  the  Wilderness  will  become  a  potent 
factor  among  the  religious  influences  of  the  town- 
ship. 

BERLIN. 

Berlin  is  the  oldest  village  in  the  township  and 
ranks  as  one  of  the  oldest  settlements  in  the  upper 
part  of  the  county.  Its  present  name  is  of  recent . 
adoption,  the  place  being  known  for  more  than  a 
hundred  years  as  Long-a-Coming.  There  is  a  tra- 
dition that  this  term  originated  as  follows  :  "In 
the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth  century,  while 
some  sailors  were  toiling  along  the  Indian  trail 
from  the  coast,  to  Philadelphia,  wearied  by  the 
hot  summer's  sun,  fatigued  and  thirsty,  they 
momentarily  expected  to  find  a  stream  where 
they  had  been  told  they  might  obtain  pure  water. 
But  hour  after  hour  they  were  doomed  to  disap- 
pointment, nothing  but  sand  and  pine  forests  ap- 
pearing on  either  hand.  At  last,  when  wearied  to 
faintness  and  about  yielding  to  despair,  a  beautiful 
stream  came  to  view,  shaded  by  pendant  boughs 
and  decked  around  with  woodland  flowers. 
Hastily  throwing  aside  their  packs  they  bounded 
to  the  brook,  exclaiming,  '  Here  you  are  at  last, 
though  long-a-coming.'  They  told  their  com- 
panions about  this  stream  and  the  circumstances 
connected  with  finding  it,  when  the  name  Long-a- 
Coming  was  applied  to  the  locality,  by  which  it 
became  known  near  and  far." 

The  stream  in  question  is  the  main  branch  of 
the  Great  Egg  Harbor  River,  and,  being  near  the 
source  of  the  same  and  flowing  through  a  cedar 
swamp,  the  waters  were  pure  and  fresh.  It  was 
but  natural,  then,  that  this  place  should  be  se- 
lected for  settlement  many  years  before  the  lands  in 
the  surrounding  country  were  located,  and  that 
many  miles  intervened  between  this  and  other  set- 
tlements for  a  long  term  of  years.  The  lands  here 
were  located  in  1714  by  Peter  Rich  and  Richard 
Moss,  the  place  being  at  that  time  already  called 
Long-a-Coming.  A  few  rude  cabins  were  built  on 
the  highest  ground,  where  Samuel  Scull  afterwards 
lived  and  had  a  tavern,  as  early  as  1760.  This 
tavern  was  later  continued  by  John  Scull,  and  was, 
no  doubt,  a  place  of  great  accommodation  to  the 
travelers  of  that  day.  In  1770  John  Rogers  bought 
a  piece  of  land  of  Scull,  near  the  grave-yard,  where 
he  built  a  house  and  lived  until  his  death.  The 
farm  was  long  known  by  the  family  name.  George 
Marple  lived  in  the  same  locality,  having  bought 
some  land  of  Scull,  which  he  improved.  Other 
early  settlers  were  Joseph  Murrell,  George  Budd, 
John  Thorne,  Joel  Bodine,  Jacob  Phifer,  Andrew 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  WATEKFORD. 


661 


Newman  and  Richard  Bettle.  Some  of  these  lived 
a  short  distance  from  Long-a-Coming  proper,  but 
were  a  part  of  that  settlement.  Their  improve- 
ments were  meagre  and  for  many  years  the  farms 
were  small,  the  principal  occupation  of  the  in- 
habitants being  lumbering.  The  products  were 
hauled  to  Chews  Landing,  whence  they  were 
taken  by  boats  to  Philadelphia.  Joel  Bodine  be- 
■  came  a  tavern-keeper  at  a  later  day,  having  his 
place,  in  part  of  the  present  lower  stand.  The 
house  has  been  enlarged  and  has  had  many  keepers, 
Joseph  8.  Read  and  Joseph  Shivers  being  among 
those  who  continued  longest.  Where  is  now  the 
residence  of  B.  W.  Bennett,  Thos.  Wright  had  a 
public-house  some  years,  but  more  than  fifty  years 
ago  built  part  of  what  is  now  called  the  upper 
tavern.  Later  landlords  at  that  place  were  Jacob 
Leach  and  Samuel  8.  Cake,  whose  fame  was  not 
confined  to  their  own  neighborhood ;  but  since  the 
building  of  railroads  the  glory  of  both  of  these 
old  taverns  has  departed. 

Samuel  Shreve  was  the  first  merchant  of  any 
prominence.  About  1816  he  engaged  in  trade  at 
the  present  Smith  stand,  continuing  until  1835, 
when  he  removed  to  Burlington  County.  In  the 
course  of  twenty  years  he  returned  to  Berlin,  set- 
tling on  the  present  Ezra  Stokes  farm,  where  he 
died  in  1868.  He  not  only  carried  on  a  store,  but 
had  a  tannery  and  manufactured  most  of  his 
leather  into  harness  and  shoes,  having  shops  near 
by,  where  these  trades  were  carried  on  by  him. 
He  also  had  an  interest  in  the  Waterford  Glass 
Works.  About  the  same  time  Thos.  Wright  started 
his  charcoal  works,  thus  making  the  upper  end  of 
the  village  a  busy  place.  The  tannery  was  dis- 
continued before  1835,  but  the  store  was  carried 
on  by  Joseph  Shreve.  Others  in  trade  at  this 
place  were  John  Burrough,  John  P.  Harker  and 
Joseph  S.  Read.  The  latter  removed  the  stock  to 
the  old  Peter  Ross'store,  which  was  built  in  1849,  but 
which  has  been  long  used  as  a  residence.  At  the 
Shreve  stand  Thos.  T.  Smith  has  been  in  trade  and 
postmaster  since  1865,  following  Samuel  S.  Cake. 
The  office  has  four  mails  daily.  At  the  lower  end 
of  the  village  Wm.  Dill  opened  a  store  sixty  years 
ago,  and  later  merchants  at  that  stand  were  Josiah 
Albertson,  Marmaduke  Beckley  and  the  present 
Sam'l  Sickler.  Near  the  same  time  John  Albertson 
began  trading  in  the  present  Wm.  Albertson  store^ 
continuing  until  1847.  A  little  earlier  John 
Thackara  opened  a  small  store,  and  in  the  same 
neighborhood  Joseph  L.  Thackara  traded  a  short 
time,  in  recent  years,  where  is  now  the  store  of 
AVilliara  &  Samuel  Haines. 
These  business-places  being  widely  separated, 
80 


the  village  was  built  in  a  straggling  manner,  a 
few  houses  being  clustered  around  each  store,  all 
being  on  the  old  Blue  Anchor  road,  for  a  mile  or 
more.  None  of  these  lots  were  regularly  plotted, 
but  when  the  Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad  lo- 
cated a  station  here,  in  1856,  the  Land  Improve- 
ment Company  connected  with  that  corporation 
laid  out  a  number  of  acres  into  lots  and  sold  the 
same  at  public  auction.  This  induced  settlement, 
and  a  number  of  fine  houses  were  built  in  the  new 
part,  which  has  a  healthy  location,  being  one 
hundred  and  eighty-four  feet  above  tide-water. 
In  subsequent  years  the  growth  was  slow,  the  en- 
tire population  in  1886  not  exceeding  five  hundred. 

The  first  station  agent  was  Joseph  L.  Thackai-a ; 
the  present  is  H.  C.  Sharp.  At  Berlin  the  ship- 
ment of  fruit  forms  a  large  share  of  the  business 
done  by  the  railroad.  Among  the  principal 
growers  and  shippers  are  Ezra  Stokes,  John  C. 
Clay,  John  P.  Harker,  John  Bates,  Job  Albertson, 
Ward  Robinson,  George  Robinson,  Augustus  Olt 
and  L.  Heath.  Shipments  of  fruit  have  more 
than  doubled  in  recent  years,  and  the  acreage 
around  Berlin  is  constantly  increasing.  From 
1S54  to  1862  Ezra  Stokes  had  a  nursery  near  the 
village,  whose  business  had  grown  to  fine  propor- 
tions, when  the  war  caused  him  to  discontinue  it. 

Weight's  Ohaecoal  Woeks  is  the  only  man- 
ufacturing interest  in  the  village  aside  from  the 
ordinary  mechanic  pureuits.  This  business  was 
begun  about  seventy  yeare  ago  by  Thomas  ^Vright, 
the  grandfather  of  the  present  proprietor,  in  the 
upper  end  of  the  village,  near  the  public- house 
which  he  was  at  that  time  keeping.  His  mill  was 
small,  the  grinding  being  done  by  a  single  hoi-se. 
About  1839,  Thomas  B.  Wright,  his  son,  estab- 
lished the  present  works  on  a  scale  much  greater 
than  the  old  mill,  which  has  been  abandoned. 
After  his  death,  in  1847,  his  son  Charles  took 
chai'ge  of  the  business  and  has  since  successfully 
carried  on  the  same.  About  twenty  years  ago  he 
began  using  steam-power,  whereby  he  was  enabled 
to  greatly  increase  the  capacity  of  the  works.  In 
1886  there  were  seventeen  retorts,  capable  of 
refining  six  hundred  bushels  of  charcoal  daily. 
The  demands  of  ti-ade  require  the  preparation  of 
the  coal  in  various  forms,  the  principal  ones  being 
pulverized  and  granulated.  These  works  have 
been  useful  in  converting  the  surplus  timber  sup- 
ply of  this  section  into  a  commodity  whose  ship- 
ment is  easily  made  and  has  furnislied  steady  em- 
ployment to  a  number  of  men.  In  late  years  near- 
ly all  the  crude  coal  has  been  brought  to  the 
works  from  outside  the  county  by  the  railroad, 
which  has  here  a  convenient  side-track. 


662 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


The  first  practitioners  of  medicine  in  this  part 
of  the  township,  after  the  pioneers  whose  circuit 
extended  over  the  entire  county,  lived  at  Tans- 
boro',  some  being  in  practice  here  a  short  time 
only.  Among  those  best  remembered,  after  1840, 
were  Drs.  Stout,  Parham,  Barrows,  Risley,  Grigg, 
Eicord  and  Lee.  The  latter  left  the  place  to  go  to 
the  Mexican  War. 

The  veteran  practitioner  at  Berlin  is  Dr.  Daniel 
M.  Stout,  who  has  here  been  active  in  his  profes- 
sion for  nearly  forty  years,  serving,  also,  about  all 
the  time  as  township  physician.  He  has  as  con- 
temporaries in  the  same  school  of  medicine.  Dr. 
William  Westcott  since  1883,  and  Dr.  William  C. 
Raughley  since  1884.  As  a  homoeopathist.  Dr. 
Robert  H.  Peacock  has  been  in  practice  a  few 
years,  following  Dr.  Samuel  H.  Johnson.  The 
latter  had  practiced  about  a  dozen  years,  when  he 
died  at  this  place.  Other  homreopathist  physi- 
cians at  Berlin  were  Dr.  Joseph  Shreve  and  Dr. 
Samuel  G.  Shivers,  each  for  a  few  years. 

LippAKD  Circle,  No.  14,  B.  U.  H.  F.,  was  in- 
stituted in  March,  1884,  and  has  had  a  flourishing 
existence.  In  188()  there  were  more  than  sixty 
members.  The  first  principal  officers  were  John 
H.  Dill,  Thomas  E.  Bradbury,  Job  Albertson, 
Henry  Westcott,  John  Hampton  and  Howard  C. 
Sharp. 

Berlin  Building  and  LoaS  Association, 
No.  3,  was  chartered  March  8,  1886,  and  is,  as  its 
name  indicates,  the  third  institution  of  the  kind 
at  this  place.  The  first  was  organized  in  1868  and 
closed  up  its  business  inside  of  the  seventh  year. 
The  second  series,  placed  on  the  market  in  1874, 
matured  in  about  the  same  period  of  time.  Asso- 
ciation No.  2  was  incorporated  July  8,  1872.  In 
No.  3  the  par  value  of  a  share  is  fixed  at  tv/o  hun- 
dred dollars  and  the  number  of  shares  restricted 
to  six  hundred.  The  following  composed  the 
board  of  directors :  Thomas  E.  Bradbury,  presi- 
dent; Samuel  E.  Layer,  vice-president;  John  P. 
Harker,  secretary ;  Joshua  Barton,  treasurer ;  W. 
H.  Bishop,  H.  Snyder,  S.  S.  Stokes,  H.  McCulley 
and  G.  Crum. 

These  associations  have  been  beneficial  to  the 
village,  materially  assisting  in  building  up  the 
place  as  well  as  proving  profloable  investments. 

BerijIN  Library  Association  was  organized 
February  1,  1882,  to  establish  and  maintain  a 
library  and  reading-room  in  the  village.  It  owes 
its  existence  to  the  eftbrts  of  Mrs.  R.  H.  Strong 
and  Miss  Lizzie  Chew,  two  of  the  public  school 
teachers,  who  were  most  active  in  this  work.  The 
association  selected  as  its  first  oflicers:  President, 
Joshua  Barton  ;  Vice-President,  Mrs.  R.  H.  Strong ; 


Secretary,  H.  G.  Smith;  Treasurer,  Miss  S.  E. 
Collins ;  Librarian,  Benjamin  F.  Read ;  Executive 
Committee,  J.  L.  Thackara,  S.  S.  Stokes,  H.  0. 
Sharp.  Soon  after  the  library,  with  sixty  volumes, 
was  opened  to  the  public,  and  has  since  been  well 
patronized.  In  June,  1886,  the  members  num- 
bered thirty-five,  and  there  were  two  hundred  and 
eighty  books  in  the  library,  besides  pamphlets  and 
public  documents.  The  funds  for  the  support  of 
the  library  are  obtained  by  a  yearly  membership 
fee  of  one  dollar,  and  the  proceeds  arisin  g  from 
lectures  and  entertainments  given  by  the  associa- 
tion. This  body  derives  much  of  its  active  support 
from  the  public  schools,  which  were  graded  in 
1875.  The  aggregate  attendance  of  the  schools  is 
one  hundred  and  forty-two.  The  school  building 
is  spacious  and  has  a  beautiful  location.  It  is  the 
best  public  improvement  in  the  village.  About  a 
mile  from  this  Riley's  Select  School  was  located  a 
few  years  before  it  was  i)ermanently  established  at 
Haddonfield.  In  a  sketch  of  that  village  may  be 
found  a  full  account  of  the  school. 

Berlin  Presbyterian  Church. — Soon  after 
the  church  at  Blackwood  had  been  built,  the  mis- 
sionaries who  preached  there  visited  Long-a-Com- 
ing  statedly,  and  held  meetings  at  this  place.  The 
services  were  held  first  at  private  houses,  but  about 
1766  in  the  log  building  which  had  been  erected 
in  the  grave-yard,  and  which  was  conveyed  that 
year  to  a  number  of  persons,  in  trust,  most  of  them 
being  also  trustees  of  the  Blackwood  and  Wood- 
bury Churches.  John  Brainerd,  the  Indian  mis- 
sionary, preached  here,  and  later  Benjamin  Chest- 
nut became  the  regular  minister,  so  far  as  he  could 
supply  the  wants  of  the  congregation.  But  who 
composed  this  congregation,  and  just  when  it  was 
organized,  cannot  now  be  determined.  John  Rog- 
ers was  one  of  the  members,  and  Northrop  Mar- 
pie  another;  but  it  is  probable  that  they  were 
always  few  in  number.  Though  deeded  to  Pres- 
byterian trustees,  the  log  meeting-house  was  free 
to  all  denominations,  and  was  occupied  by  travel- 
ing ministers  belonging  to  the  Friends,  Episcopa- 
lians and,  later.  Baptists  and  Methodists.  The 
Presbyterian  congregation  does  not  appear  to  have 
sustained  an  existence  after  the  war,  and  soon  after 
became  wholly  extinct.  Mr.  Safford  said,  in  1821 : 
"  I  visited  Long-a-Coming  at  the  request  of  Dr. 
Janeway.  It  is  fourteen  miles  from  Philadelphia, 
and  contains  twelve  or  thirteen  houses.  Here  was 
formerly  a  church  under  the  care  of  Mr.  John 
Brainerd.  It  is  now  extinct.  There  are,  however, 
four  persons  residing  in  the  place  who  belong  to 
the  Second  Presbyterian  Church  of  Philadeljihia. 
They  greatly  desire  missionary  labor.     Their  cry 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  WATERPORD. 


663 


is,  'Come  over  and  help  us.'"  But  it  was  not 
until  July  10,  1867,  that  another  (the  present) 
Presbyterian  congregation  was  organized.  Its  con- 
stituent members  were  Ellen  M.  Hunt,  Ellen  M. 
Adams,  Sarah  W.  Brace,  Mrs.  S.  Read,  Richard 
Brace,  Mary  S.  Brace  and  George  A.  Brace. 
Richard  Brace  was  elected  the  first  ruling  el- 
der, and  was  ordained  July  28,  1867,  and  the 
Rev.  John  B.  Edmundson  became  the  first  pas- 
tor. The  first  meetings  were  held  in  the  old 
Methodist  Church,  but  on  the  8th  of  September, 
1868,  the  corner-stone  of  a  church  edifice  was  laid, 
which  was  completed  the  following  year  at  a  cost 
of  four  thousand  dollars.  In  1870  the  Rev.  E.  D. 
Newberry  assumed  pastoral  relation  to  the  church, 
which  continued  one  year.  In  1871  and  1872  the 
pulpit  was  supplied  by  students  from  Princeton.  In 
July  of  the  latter  year  Elder  Brace  and  his  fam- 
ily removed,  since  wliicli  time  the  congregation 
has  had  no  ruling  elder,  and  the  interest  in  the 
affairs  of  the  church  have  steadily  declined.  In 
1886  the  members  numbered  ten,  and  services  were 
only  occasionally  held.  The  church  building,  a 
large  frame,  had  become  dilapidated,  but  was 
about  being  repaired  by  the  few  devoted  members 
remaining,  assisted  by  the  citizens  of  the  village. 

Centenary  Methodist  Episcopal  Ohueoh 
was  organized  at  Berlin  soon  after  1830,  having 
among  its  early  members  John  C.  Thackara  and 
his  wife,  Elizabeth,  and  a  few  others.  The  first 
meetings  were  held  in  the  upper  room  of  the  Tliack- 
ara's  store  building  and,  after  a  time,  in  theschool- 
house  on  the  cemetery  lot.  Soon  after  a  plain  frame 
meeting-house  was  built  on  the  Main  street  of  the 
village,  which  was  used  until  the  present  edifice  was 
occupied.  This  was  built  in  1866 — tlie  first  cen- 
tenary of  American  Methodism — and  on  the  7th 
of  December,  that  year,  the  church  became  an  in- 
corporated body,  with  the  above  name.  The  trus- 
tees at  that  time  were  John  P.  Harker,  James  M. 
Peacock,  James  Duble,  Joseph  L.  Thackara,  Dan- 
iel M.  Stout,  Gamaliel  B.  Marple  and  John  A. 
Cobb. 

In  February,  1867,  the  new  church  was  conse- 
crated and  the  old  building  was  soon  thereafter 
conveyed  to  the  Baptist  Society  of  Berlin,  by 
whom  it  has  since  been  used  as  a  place  of  worship. 
The  Centenary  Church  is  a  very  large  frame  build- 
ing, erected  at  a  cost  of  eight  thousand  dollars. 
This  amount  was  a  heavy  burden  to  the  congrega- 
tion, from  which  it  was  not  relieved  until  May, 
1886,  when  about  $2000  was  raised  and  the 
church  declared  free  from  debt.  Since  that  time  a 
parsonage,  standing  on  a  lot  adjoining  the  church 
property,  has  been  purchased  for  eighteen  hun- 


dred dollars,  and  improvements  made  on  the 
church  itself.  A  small  building,  near  the  church, 
the  gift  of  one  of  the  members,  T.  T.  Smith,  is  used 
as  a  chapel,  in  which  business  meetings  are  also 
held.  In  1886  the  trustees  of  the  property  were 
Dr.  D.  M.  Stout,  T.T.  Smith,  J.  P.  P.  Brown,  J.  P. 
Harker,  Dr.  R.  H.  Peacock  and  Swain  Thackara. 

Since  1876  Berlin  has  sustained  the  relation  of  a 
station  to  the  Conference  with  which  it  is  connected, 
and  the  preachers  in  charge  have  been  the  Revs. 
W.  C.  Stockton,  James  F.  Murrell,  William  Mar- 
gerum,  W.  E.  Greenbank,  John  Joralemon,  J.  S. 
Parker,  R.  G.  Ruckman  and  the  present,  T.  S. 
Willson. 

The  church  has  ninety  members  and  a  Sunday- 
school  having  about  tlie  same  membership,  super- 
intended by  Harry  G.  Smith.  This  school  was 
organized  in  1839  by  Joseph  L.  Thackara,  and  has 
been  kept  up  since  that  period. 

Berlin  Baptist  Church. — This  church  was 
organized  June  7,  1874,  with  the  following  mem- 
bers :  N.  A.  Haines  and  wife,  Peter  Brodie  and 
wife,  Levi  Lippincott  and  wife,  Chalkly  Haines 
and  wife,  W.  O.  Talcott  and  wife,  Mr.  Treat  and 
wife,  Mr.  Murray  and  wife,  Joseph  N.  Gorton, 
Ruth  A.  Gorton, '  Thomas  Y.  England,  A.  H. 
Combs,  George  Haines  and  J.  G.  Rowand.  The 
Rev-  A.  J.  Hires  presided  as  moderator.  An  elec- 
tion for  officers  resulted  in  the  choice  of  Thomas 
Y.  England,  as  clerk ;  Chalkley  Haines,  as  deacon  ; 
and  W.  O.  Talcott,  L.  Lippincott,  J.  G.  Rowand 
and  the  two  foregoing,  as  trustees. 

The  old  Methodist  meeting-house  was  secured 
as  a  church  and  services  were  now  regularly  held, 
and  on  the  29th  of  July,  1875,  the  Rev.  Thomas  W. 
Wilkinson  was  ordained  the  first  pastor,  the  meet- 
ing for  this  purpose  being  largely  attended  by  vis- 
iting clergymen.  He  remained  pastor  of  the  church 
until  1880,  and  has  occasionally  preached  since 
that  time.  Soon  after  his  accession  there  was  an 
encouraging  increase  of  membership,  the  number 
in  1878  being  in  the  neighborhood  of  a  hundred. 
At  this  time  I.  N.  Gorton,  Peter  Brodie  and  Wil- 
liam Haines  were  deacons,  andHillman  F.  Sharp, 
clerk.  The  removal  of  some  members  and  other 
causes  led  to  a  decline  of  interest  in  church  work, 
until  at  present  (1886)  the  membership  is  very 
small.  The  pulpit  is  supplied  irregularly  and  it 
is  with  difficulty  that  the  church  is  kept  up. 

Joseph  N.  Ross,  of  Berlin,  has  in  his  possession 
a  copy  of  a  Bible  which  was  published iu  1599,  and 
is  supposed  to  be  the  oldest  book  of  the  kind  in 
New  Jersey.  It  is  a  small  octavo  volume,  printed 
"  at  London  by  the  Deputies  of  Christopher  Barker, 
Printer,  to   the  Queens   most   excellent  Majestie 


664 


HISTOKY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


1599 
Oum,  privilegio." 

Bound  up  with  the  Bible  proper  are  hymns  with 
tunes,  the  ritual  of  the  Church  of  England,  and 
the 

"  Bookeof  PSalmes,  collected  into  English  Meter 
by  Thomas  Sternhold,  John  Hopkins  and  others, 
1633." 

The  book  was  bought  in  1760  by  William 
Gough,  and  brought  to  America  by  that  family. 
Excepting  the  cover,  the  book  is  still  in  a  good 
state  of  preservation. 

The  Beklin"  Cemeteky. — A  little  more  than 
half  a  mile  from  the  main  part  of  the  village  is  a 
cemetery  whose  history  antedates  the  Kevolution. 
Believing  that  his  new  home  would  become  the 
centre  of  a  large  settlement,  notwithstanding  that  it 
was  so  much  isolated  at  that  time,  Samuel  Scull 
set  aside  three  acres  of  land,  which  should  be 
sacred  to  the  dead ;  and  to  put  this  purpose  in 
proper  form,  he  conveyed  the  same,  September  18, 
1766,  to  Michael  Fisher,  David  Eoe,  Peter  Cheese- 
man,  Northrop  Marple  and  Henry  Thorne,  as 
trustees  of  a  Presbyterian  Church'  which  bad 
just  been  organized,  and  whosemeetings  were  held 
in  a  log  building  which  stood  on  this  lot  of 
ground.  In  making  the  transfer,  he  speaks  of  a 
"  grave-yard  thereon,  near  a  place  called  Long-a- 
Coming,  being  near  the  head  of  the  Great  Egg 
Harbor  River,"  so  that,  most  likely,  burials  had 
here  been  made  for  some  years.  The  old  building 
continued  to  be  used  for  school  and  church  pur- 
poses, and  after  its  decay  was  replaced  by  a  better 
building,  in  which  public  schools  were  held. 
Thus  the  cemetery,  being  a  public  place,  was  kept 
up  with  reasonable  good  care  until  it  passed  under 
the  management  of  the  Berlin  Cemetery  Associa- 
tion, which  has  assured  its  future  preservation. 
This  association  was  formally  incorporated  Janu- 
ary 26,  1884,  with  a  board  of  officers  which  has 
been  continued  to  the  present. 

The  cemetery  contains  a  larger  number  of  graves 
than  any  other  rural  burial-ground  in  the  county. 
The  resting-places  of  those  first  interred  are  indi- 
cated by  plain,  low  sandstones,  without  inscrip- 
tions. Two  rows  of  graves  thus  appear  whose 
occupants  are  to  the  present  generation  unknown. 
Many  other  graves  have  neat  marble  head-stones, 
from  which  the  following  facts  have  been  gleaned : 

Jacob  Cain,  died  1847,  aged  fifty-two  years.  2 
Sarah  Cain,  died  1848,  aged  seventy  yeara. 
James  Cain,  Sr.,  died  1854,  aged  eiglity-seven  years. 
Seth  Cain,  died  1856,  aged  forty-iive  years. 

1  See  Presbyterian  Church. 

8  The  number  of  years  are  here  expressed  in  round  numbers  only. 


James  Bodine,  Sr.,  died  1841,  aged  sixty-two  years. 
Sarah  Bodine,  died  1843,  aged  flfty-three  years. 
Sarah  Evans,  died  1867,  aged  seventy-three  years. 
Isaac  Jones,  died  1871,  aged  seventy-seven  years. 
Hester  Jones,  died  1882,  aged  eighty-two  years. 
John  Jones,  died  1854,  aged  flfty-nine  years. 
William  Powell,  died  1881,  aged  seventy-seven  years. 
Kichard  Bettle,  died  1846,  aged  thirty-six  years. 
John  McLain,  died  1878,  aged  seventy-seven  years. 
Anna  MoLain,  died  1872,  aged  sixty-four  yeara. 
John  Rogers,  died  1849,  aged  sixty  yeara. 
Mary  Rogers,  died  1878,  aged  eighty-three  years. 
John  Johnston,  died  1849,  aged  seventy-nine  yeara. 
Sarah  Johnston,  died  1849,  aged  sixty-seven  yeara. 
James  McLain,  Sr.,  died  1843,  aged  seventy-seven  years. 
Eve  McLain,  died  1809,  aged  flfty-two  yeare. 
James  McLain,  Jr.,  died  1863,  aged  sixty-two  years. 
John  Bogera,  Sr.,  died  1797,  aged  iifty-two  years. 
Bvs  Sogers,  died  1827,  aged  eighty-two  years. 
John  Pheifer,  died  1812,  aged  forty-four  yeara. 
Mary  McLain,  died  1849,  aged  seventy-six  yeara. 
Elizabeth  Brown,  died  1879,  aged  seventy-five  years. 
James  Dill,  died  1865,  aged  seventy-three  years. 
Anna  Dill,  died  1871,  aged  seventy-five  yeara. 
William  Dill,  died  1831,  aged  thirty-four  years. 
Samuel  Albertson,  died  1839,  aged  seventy-five  years. 
Sarah  Albertson,  died  1826. 

Josiah  S.  Albertson,  died  1854,  aged  thirty-nine  years. 
John  Albertson,  died  1845,  tiged  forty-three  yeara. 
Sarah  Albertson,  died  1875,  aged  seventy-two  years. 
Wilham  Shough,  died  1847,  aged  seventy-six  years. 
Thomas  Wright,  died  1839,  aged  sixty-nine  yeara. 
Rebecca  Wright,  died  1858,  aged  seventy-eight  yeara. 
Thomas  B.  Wright,  died  1847,  aged  forty-five  years. 
Naomi  Wright,  died  1854,  aged  fifty  yeara. 
Mahlon  Marple,  died  1843,  aged  eighty-five  yeara. 
Mary  Marple,  died  1846,  aged  eighty-five  yeara. 
Catherine  Watson,  died  1871,  aged  eighty-four  years. 
Peter  Watson,  died  1850,  aged  sixty-nine  years. 
Idilia  Watson,  died  1868,  aged  sixty-four  yeara. 
Samuel  Watson,  died  1851,  aged  seventy-five  yeara. 
Sarah  Cain,  died]1879,  aged  eighty  years. 
David  Cobb,  died  1834,  aged  thirty-five  years. 
Jacob  Leach,  died  1853,  aged  fifty-eight  yeara. 
Lavinia  Leach,  died  1875,  aged  seventy-five  yeara. 
Friend  R.  J.  Mapes,  died  1871,  aged  seventy-six  yeara. 
George  Githens,  died  1849,  aged  sixty  years. 
William  Peacock,  died  1869,  aged  eighty  yeara. 
William  Cook,  died  1864,  aged  sixty -four  yeara. 
Marmaduke  Garwood,  died  1872,  agfed  sixty-two  years. 
Sebastian  Burkhart,  died  1862,  aged  sixty-two  yeara, 
Elizabeth  Thackara,  died  1866,  aged  seventy-six  years. 
John  C.  Thackara,  died  1840,  aged  fifty-two  yeara. 
Joseph  McCuUy,  died  1867,  aged  sixty-three  yeare. 
William  Layer,  died  1877,  aged  seventy-seven  yeara. 
Theodore  Bishop,  died  1883,  aged  sixty-four  years. 
Joseph  Rogers,  died  1875,  aged  fifty-four  yeara. 
William  S.  Dill,  died  1879,  aged  sixty-two  yeara. 
John  I.  Githens,  died  1885,  aged  seventy-three  yeara. 
Levi  C.  Lippincott,  died  1885,  aged  sixty-nine  yeara. 
Daniel  D.  Barkley,  died  1885,  aged  seventy-seven  yeara.  ■ 
Charles  C.  Wiltse,  died  1870,  aged  eighty-three  years. 
John  Hugg,  died  1880,  aged  seventy-five  years. 
Elizabeth  Hugg,  died  1874,  aged  sixty-eight  yeara. 
Samuel  M.  Thorn,  died  1863,  aged  sixty-five  yeara. 
Tamar  Thorn,  died  1867,  aged  sixty-nine  yeara. 
Henry  Bate,  died  1876,  aged  eighty-three  yeara. 
Henry  Hoffman,  died  1856,  aged  sixty-foiu-  yeara. 
Mary  Swain,  died  April  10,  1857,  aged  one  hundred  and  three 
years,  four  months  and  twenty-four  days. 

The  cemetery  association  has  converted  the  old 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  WATERFORD. 


665 


school  building,  standing  on  the  grounds,  into  a 
chapel,  and  made  other  necessary  improvements, 
including  neat  iron  fences  along  the  road-sides. 
In  all  particulars  the  arrangements  bear  com- 
parison with  town  cemeteries.  In  June,  1886,  the 
officers  of  the  association  were  Thomas  A.  Thorne, 
president ;  James  C.  Bishop,  treasurer ;  Charles  I. 
Wooster,  secretary;  John  Bate,  James  H.  Howard, 
Henry  M.  Cully  and  Marmaduke  Beckley,  direc- 
tors. 

The  Jackson  Glass  Works  were  named  in 
honor  of  the  hero  of  New  Orleans.  They  were  es- 
tablished in  the  wilds  of  Waterford,  by  Thomas 
H.  Richards,  in  1827,  but  soon  became  the  scene 
of  a  business  activity,  which  continued  for  nearly 
half  a  century.  After  the  death  of  Thomas  H. 
Richards  his  sons,  Samuel  H.  and  Thomas,  carried 
on  the  works  until  the  exhausted  timber  supply 
made  further  operation  unprofitable.  They  were 
destroyed  by  fire  in  May,  1877,  one  factory  only  of 
the  three  formerly  at  this  place  being  in  use  by 
Thomas  Richards,  the  last  operator.  The  build- 
ings being  abandoned  soon  went  to  decay,  and  but 
few  evidences  of  this  once  busy  place  now  re- 
main. The  post-office  was  discontinued  about  1873> 
and  after  the  removal  of  the  workmen  all  former 
interests  were  abandoned. 

The  Richards  estate  owned  about  three  thou- 
sand acres  of  land  in  this  section,  extending  from 
the  Burlington  County  line  beyond  the  Camden 
and  Atlantic  Railroad.  Where  the  railroad  from 
Williamstown  forms  a  junction  with  that  road  and 
the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  on  part  of  this 
estate,  nineteen  miles  from  Philadelphia,  George 
W.  Hancock  laid  out  the  town  of 


in  1866.  The  original  plat  embraced  sixty  acres, 
which  was  surveyed  into  large  lots  and  twenty 
streets.  The  principal  one  of  these  was  called 
Atco  Avenue,  which  crosses  the  Camden  Railroad 
at  right  angles.  The  avenues  along  the  railroads 
were  named  Atlantic  and  Raritan,  respectively. 
The  town  site  being  on  high,  dry  lands,  on  the 
southern  slope  of  the  divide,  near  by,  and  having 
exceptionally  good  railroad  facilities,  its  import- 
ance was  soon  recognized.  A  number  of  lots  were 
at  once  sold,  and  for  a  time  it  was  flourishing  be- 
yond any  of  the  villages  in  the  county.  Its  subse- 
quent improvement  was  less  rapid,  and  in  1886 
the  population  did  not  exceed  four  hundred. 

The  first  building  in  the  place  was  put  up  in 
1866  by  James  E.  Alton,  on  the  south  side  of  the 

1  Called  after  the  Atco  Swamp,  an  Indian  term  for  a  place  of 
many  deer. 


railroad,  and  the  second  was  by  Ira  Wakeley,  in 
the  same  neighborhood.  The  same  year  the  Rich- 
ards estate  put  up  the  hotel  building  opposite  the 
railroad  depot,  which  was  opened  as  the  "  Atco 
House."  Its  name  has  since  been  changed,  but  it 
is  still  used  for  the  entertainment  of  the  public.  In 
1866  Wellington  Baker  opened  the  first  store,  oc- 
cupying a  frame  building  on  the  site  of  the  Wood- 
land Block.  The  latter  is  a  three-story  brick 
and  frame  building,  erected  to  its  present  condi- 
tion, in  1885,  by  Charles  H.  Woodland.  Since 
October,  of  the  same  year,  Woodland  has  been  the 
postmaster  of  the  Atco  office.  Baker  being  the 
firat  postmaster  and  Salmon  Giddings  being  the 
intermediate  appointee.  Under  the  latter's  ad- 
ministration the  office  was  kept  at  the  store  of  A. 
J.  Day,  who  has  here  been  in  trade  since  1877. 
Other  stores  were  kept  by  W.  O.  Talcott,  E.  Parker 
and  W.  C.  Sloan,  the  latter  being  at  present  in 
trade  in  the  old  comb  factory  building. 

In  1877  John  T.  Wilcox  established  the  first 
manufacturing  enterprise  in  the  village — a  horn- 
comb  factory.  Steam-power  was  employed,  and  a 
successful  business  was  done  for  several  years.  In 
1883  operations  were  suspended,  the  machinery 
sold  and  the  engine  removed  to  the  plant  of 

The  Atco  Glass  Works. —  These  works 
have  an  eligible  location,  near  the  junction 
of  the  railroads,  which  have  provided  good 
track  facilities.  They  were  gotten  in  opera- 
tion in  April,  1884,  by  the  Atco  Glass  M.inufactur- 
ing  Company,  under  the  management  of  J.  T. 
Wilcox.  There  is  an  eight-pot  furnace,  with  the 
latest  improvements,  arranged  for  the  manufacture 
of  window-glass  of  superior  quality.  Employment 
is  given  to  fifty  men,  who  were  working  in  1886 
under  the  management  of  W.  M.  Flood. 

The  Atco  railway  station  had,  as  its  first  agent, 
Wellington  Baker ;  the  present  agent  is  F.  F.  L. 
Hintz.  The  principal  shipment  is  fruit,  and 
among  the  chief  shippers  are  Henry  Treat,  Salmon 
Giddings,  W.  S.  Walker,  George  Reeves,  Monroe 
Githens,  W.  O.  Talcott,  Sarah  Varnum,  Albert 
Hall,  E.  E.  Fry,  Jacob  Gehring,  Joseph  ^'arnum 
and  James  Grieb. 

The  Atco  Natural  Science  Society. — On 
the  21st  of  January,  1868,  a  number  of  gentlemen 
at  Atco  founded  the  "Atco  Library  and  Museum 
Association,"  selecting  as  their  officers  George  W. 
Hancock,  president  ;  Nelson  Varnum,  vice-presi- 
dent ;  Wellington  Baker,  secretary ;  E.  C.  Scott, 
treasurer;  George  H.  Perkins,  L.  W.  Plant,  A.  B. 
Thatcher,  A.  Wakely,  B.  F.  Marshall  and  H.  G. 
Tyrrell,  directors.  One  of  the  principal  objects 
of  the  association  was  to  awaken  an  interest  in 


666 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


horticulture  and  kindred  matters.  After  working 
under  the  above  name  about  ten  years  the  present 
title  was  adopted  January  13,  1879,  which  became 
fixed  by  articles  of  incorporation  April  5,  1879. 
The  scope  of  the  new  society  "was  to  foster  the 
study,  and  diffuse  a  knowledge  of  natural  science,  to 
make  and  preserve  collections,  illustrations  of 
its  various  branches,  and  to  form  a  library."  To 
secure  funds  .in  promotion  of  these  purposes,  the 
society  held  a  fair  at  Atco,  September  6-9,  1879, 
which,  under  the  management  of  M.  J.  Skinner, 
was  very  successful,  netting  a  sum  which  became 
the  nucleus  of  a  fund  for  the  building  of  a  "  Science 
Hall."  The  society  had  received  a  lot  in  fee- 
simple,  and  in  October,  1879,  took  action  looking 
towards  the  erection  of  such  a  building  on  it  at  an 
early  day.  The  hall  was  built  the  following  year 
by  a  committee  composed  of  Thomas  Richards, 
H.  A.  Green  and  W.  P.  F.  Murray.  It  is  a  very 
substantial  stone  building,  valued  at  eight  hundred 
dollars,  and  afforded  excellent  accommodations  for 
the  society,  which  was  at  this  time  at  the  zenith 
of  its  existence.  In  1880  its  directors  of  sections 
were  as  follows  :  Library,  W.  D.  Siegfried ;  Miner- 
alogy, Geology,  Conchology  and  Kalonology,  H. 
A.  Green ;  Zoology,  N.  Varnum  :  Botany,  M.  J. 
Skinner.  Eare  and  valuable  cabinets  in  the  differ- 
ent departments  of  study  were  gathered,  and  under 
the  general  direction  of  Professor  Green,  Science 
Hall  became  one  of  the  most  attractive  places  in 
the  village.  The  death  of  some  of  the  members 
and  the  removal  of  others,  who  were  most  active 
in  the  work  of  promoting  the  interests  of  the  so- 
ciety, so  seriously  affected  its  welfare  that  its  meet- 
ings have  been  discontinued,  and  many  of  the 
cabinets  have  been  removed.  The  organization  of 
the  society  is  nominally  preserved  and  "Science 
Hall  "  is  still  owned  by  it.  In  1886  the  officers 
wereA.  J.  Day,  president;  M.  J.  Skinner,  vice- 
president  ;  Adam  R.  Sloan,  secretary  ;  and  W.  F.  P. 
Murray ,  treasurer. 

On  the  1st  of  January,  1880,  the  society  began  the 
publication  of  the  Science  Advocate,  a  small  quar- 
terly, edited  by  Henry  A.  Green.  The  paper  was 
well  received,  but  declined  with  the  other  interests 
of  the  society  and  was  discontinued  at  the  end  of 
the  second  year. 

Comanche  Tribe  of  Red  Men,  No.  75,  was 
instituted  at  Atco  September  28,  1884,  with  thirty 
members.  The  order  has  been  very  successful  at 
this  place,  reporting  seventy-eight  members  in  May, 
188(3,  and  the  following  principal  oflScers  :  Monroe 
Githens,  Morris  Robinson,  George  W.  Young, 
Charles  McHard,  James  Hand  and  J.  W.  Varnum. 
Its  meetings  are  held  in  Comanche  Hall,  which 


was  completed  in  September,  1885,  by  the  Coman- 
che Hall  Association,  incorporated  March  3,  1885) 
composed  of  a  number  of  stockholders  at  this 
place,  who  organized  by  electing  A.  J.  Day,  presi- 
dent; Monroe  Githens,  treasurer ;  0.  B.  Tiffany, 
secretary  ;  Joseph  Varnum,  Monroe  Githens  and 
George  Bates,  trustees. 

The  hall  is  located  on  the  principal  street  of  the 
village,  and  is  a  two-story  frame  building,  thii'ty 
by  seventy  feet.  The  upper  story  is  fitted  up  for 
lodge  purposes,  and  the  lower  forms  a  spacious 
public  hall.  It  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  thirty-five 
hundred  dollars. 

In  the  same  building  the  Associated  Glass 
Blowers  hold  their  meetings,  as  well  as  the  As- 
sembly of  Knights  of  Labor,  which  was  organized 
June  5,  1886,  with  thirty-five  members. 

Golden  Eagle  Council,  No.  22,  Jr.  O.  U.  A. 
M.,  was  instituted  February  28,  1885,  and  had,  in 
1886,  forty-five  members.  It  is  a  growing  organ- 
ization. 

Reliance  Lodge,  No.  20,  A.  O.  U.  W.,  insti- 
tuted June  6,  1882,  reports  thirty-eight  members, 
and  is  in  a  prosperous  condition.  Its  meetings 
are  held  in  the  hall  of  the  public-school  building. 
The  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Atco. 
— The  meetings  which  resulted  in  the  organization 
of  this  congregation  were  held  November  17  and 
24, 1867,  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  Loomis,  of  the  Vine- 
land  Church.  At  the  date  last  named  fourteen 
persons  subscribed  to  the  articles  of  membership, 
as  follows:  Henry  A.  Green,  C.  De  Witt  Carpenter, 
J.  E.  Alton,  Mrs.  M.  R.  Loomis,  Mrs.  A.  Carpen- 
ter, Mrs.  L.  Alton,  Mrs.  F.  Childs,  Mrs.  Thankful 
Gould,  Mrs.  P.  L.  Wakeley,  Mrs.  L.  M.  Green, 
Mrs.  A.  McHary,  Miss  Margaret  McHary,  Miss 
Clara  E.  Gould  and  Miss  Mary  E.  Gould. 

C.  De  Witt  Carpenter  and  J.  E.  Alton  were 
elected  the  first  ruling  elders  and  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Loomis  became  the  first  pastor.  The  church  be- 
ing properly  organized,  was  received  into  the  Fourth 
Presbytery  of  Philadelphia.  Soon  after  the  society 
became  a  body  corporate,  with  the  following  trus- 
tees :  Thomas  Richards,  Peter  McHary,  A.  Wake- 
ley,  W.  O.  Talcott  and  H.  A.  Green. 

In  order  to  promote  the  building  of  a  church, 
the  Richards  estate  donated  an  acre  of  ground, 
where  the  foundation  of  an  edifice  was  laid  early 
in  1868.  The  building  was  to  be  thirty-two  by 
fifty  feet,  and  it  was  designed  to  complete  it  that 
season,  but  owing  to  the  inability  of  the  pastor  to 
continue  serving  the  congregation,  work  was  sus- 
pended. September  21,  1868,  the  Rev.  E.  B.  New- 
berry took  chai-ge  of  the  congregation,  and  under  his 
direction  the  church  was  completed  for  dedication 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  WATERFORD. 


667 


the  first  Sunday  in  March,  1869.  For  a  period  the 
congregation  flourished,  but,  not  having  a  regular 
pastor,  soon  experienced  a  decline  of  interest.  In 
1872  the  Rev.  George  Warrington  supplied  the 
pulpit,  and  from  1873  to  1876  the  Bev.  James  G. 
Shinn  was  the  acting  pastor.  Since  that  time 
there  have  been  numerous  supplies,  among  them 
being  the  Revs.  Frank  E.  Kavanaugh,  R.  A.  Bry- 
ant, H.  W.  Brown,  J.  R.  Gibson,  E.  Bant  and 
Alexander  Hill. 

In  the  summer  of  1883,  during  the  ministry  of 
the  Rev.  J.  R.  Gibson,  the  church  was  repaired 
and  now  has  a  more  inviting  appearance.  But 
the  congregation  is  small,  there  being  but  fifteen 
members,  and  there  are  no  ruling  elders.  A  large 
and  prosperous  Sabbath-school  is  maintained  in 
the  church. 

The  Atco  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. — 
The  present  society  was  organized  in  December, 
1885,  with  fifteen  members,  the  following  being 
trustees:  Caleb  Githens,  George  Brown,  James 
Pa*ks,  John  Ash  and  A.  J.  Day.  The  first  meet- 
ings were  held  in  Comanche  Hall,  but,  in  the 
course  of  a  few  weeks,  the  Universalist  Chapel 
was  purchased  and  converted  into  a  church  home. 
The  membership  has  been  increased  to  twenty-five 
and  the  future  prospects  of  the  church  appear  en- 
couraging. A  flourishing  Sunday-school  has  James 
Parks  as  its  superintendent. 

Soon  after  the  establishment  of  the  glass-works 
at  Jackson,  Methodist  preaching  was  established 
at  that  place,  and  the  meetings  were  continued 
until  after  the  workmen,  who  comprised  the  prin- 
cipal membership,  removed.  For  a  time  no  ser- 
vices were  held  by  the  Methodists  in  this  locality, 
when  preaching  was  again  commenced  at  Atco, 
which  resulted  in  the  formation  of  the  present  so- 
ciety. The  old  Jackson  society  was  connected 
usually  with  Tansboro'  and  Waterford  in  forming 
a  charge. 

The  Universalist  Society  was  formed  a  few  years 
after  the  founding  of  the  village  by  the  Rev. 
Moses  Ballou,  who  was  the  first  and  only  pastor. 
He  was  a  man  of  marked  ability,whose  failing  health 
obliged  him  to  leave  his  home  in  Massachusetts 
to  settle  in  this  locality  for  the  benefit  of  a  milder 
climate.  He  died  at  Atco  May  19,  1S79,  and 
thereafter  Universalist  meetings  were  so  seldom 
held  that  they  were  altogether  discontinued  a  few 
years  ago,  and  in  1885  the  chapel,  which  the  so- 
ciety had  erected,  was  sold  to  the  Methodists. 
The  membership  of  the  society  was  never  large, 
but  during  the  lifetime  of  Dr.  Ballou  large  con- 
gregations assembled  to  listen  to  his  ministra- 
tions. 


Late  in  the  fall  of  1885  St.  John's  Protestant 
Episcopal  Mission  was  established  at  Atco,  which 
has  since  been  under  the  care  of  the  Rev.  De  Witt 
C.  Loop,  of  Hammonton.  Semi-monthly  services 
are  held  in  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

The  Richards  estate  set  aside  a  lot  of  ground 
at  Atco  in  1868  for  cemetery  purposes,  where  some 
interments  have  been  made,  but  the  general  place 
of  burial  is  in  the  cemetery  at  Berlip,  which  is  old 
and  well  kept. 

CHESILHUEST. 

This  village  was  plotted  in  1884,  but  the  work 
of  improving  it  was  not  begun  until  the  summer 
of  1885.  It  is  located  on  the  high  lands  between 
Atco  and  Waterford,  and  the  site  embraces  one 
thousand  two  hundred  and  seventy  acres  of  laud, 
extending  along  the  Camden  and  Atlantic  Rail- 
road about  a  mile.  A  railway  station  has  been 
provided  and  unusual  inducements  offered  to  make 
this  a  populous  place  of  suburban  homes.  Many 
of  the  avenues  have  been  cleared  up,  and  four- 
fifths  of  the  five  thousand  lots  have  been  sold. 
There  are  a  store,  hotel  and  several  dozen  dwell- 
ings, some  belonging  to  the  proprietors  of  the 
town — Simpson  &  Wade,  of  Philadelphia.  The 
first  house  was  the  dwelling  of  N.  R.  Gatohell, 
built  in  the  fall  of  1885.  Near  the  same  time  the 
house  of  Charles  Heacock  was  completed,  and  a 
little  later  the  store  building  of  J.  H.  Richter, 
where  William  Nifer  was  in  trade  in  1886.  In 
the  spring  of  the  latter  year  J.  K.  Cope  opened  the 
first  hotel,  and  brick  dwellings  were  erected  by 
ilre.  Blake  and  Thomas  Harrold.  Clay  for  brick- 
making  was  discovered  on  the  village  site,  and 
several  yards  were  opened  in  the  summer  of  18S(i. 
The  village  has  a  healthy  location,  about  two  hun- 
dred feet  above  tide-water,  on  high,  dry  land,  and 
gives  promise  of  rapid  and  permanent  growth. 

The  Chesilhukst  Building  and  Loan  Asso- 
ciation was  incorporated  in  November,  1884,  to 
have  places  of  business  at  Waterford  and  Chesil- 
hnrst.  Its  object  is  to  provide  loans  and  to  en- 
courage building.  The  incorporators  were  W.  (). 
Bisbee,  Joseph  E.  Thompson,  N.  R.  Gatchell, 
Charles  Sappmire  and  ^Villiam  H.  Wade. 

wateefoed. 

The  village  of  Waterford  is  located  in  both 
Waterford  and  Winslow  townships.  It  is  a  station 
on  the  Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad,  a  little 
more  than  twenty-two  miles  from  Philadelphia, 
and  is  on  high  and  dry  ground.  In  the  surround- 
ing forests  many  native  pines  are  still  growing, 
whose  odors  contribute  to  the  salubrity  of  the  vil- 
lage.     Its  healthfulness  is  one   of  the  mai'ked 


668 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


features  of  the  place.  The  village  has  Methodist, 
Presbyterian,  Episcopal  and  Catholic  Churches, 
two  stores,  a  post-office  (called  Waterford  Works) 
and  the  usual  interests  of  a  country  trading  point. 
The  village  had  its  origin  in  the  establishment  of 
the  Waterford  Glass- Works  at  this  point,  in  1824, 
by  Jonathan  Haines.  At  that  time  the  country 
was  an  unbroken  forest,  and  the  works  were  begun 
on  a  small  scale,  being  enlarged  from  time  to  time 
as  business  expanded.  In  1828  Jonathan  Haines 
died,  and  the  works  were  sold  to  Thomas  Evans, 
Samuel  Shreve  and  Jacob  Roberta,  the  latter 
dying  and  Joseph  Porter  securing  an  interest  in 
the  business,  the  firm  becoming  Porter,  Shreve  & 
Co.,  John  Evans  having  at  this  time  also  secured 
a  sixth  interest.  Joseph  Porter  resided  at  this 
place,  and  devoted  all  his  energies  to  make  the 
business  a  success.  He  was  an  active,  energetic 
manager,  and,  under  his  direction,  the  works 
prospered.  Samuel  Shreve  sold  out  his  interest  to 
Joseph  Porter  in  the  course  of  years,  who  then 
associated  his  sons  with  him,  the  firm  becoming 
Joseph  Porter  &  Sons.  Joseph  Porter  having 
died,  and  the  firm  being  dissolved,  about  1863 
William  C.  Porter  took  charge  of  the  vforks  and 
carried  them  on  several  years,  when  the  property 
was  sold  to  Maurice  Raleigh,  who  connected  it 
with  his  vast  Atsion  estate.  At  the  time  the 
transfer  was  made  there  were  three  glass-factories, 
two  fitted  up  for  the  manufacture  of  window 
panes  and  the  third  for  hollow-ware.  For  a  short 
time  Raleigh  carried  on  the  former,  and  subse- 
quently John  Gayner  used  the  latter  in  making 
window-glass  and  lamp-chimneys,  when  each  was 
allowed  to  remain  out  of  blast,  and  the  buildings 
went  to  decay. 

After  the  discontinuance  of  the  glass-works, 
Raleigh  busied  himself  to  provide  new  employ- 
ment for  the  workmen  residing  in  the  village,  and 
established  industries  which  seemed  to  cause  a  new 
era  to  dawn  upon  the  place.  He  converted  one  of 
the  glass-factories  into  a  hosiery-mill,  where  a 
large  number  of  young  people  found  occupation 
for  several  years.  He  also  united  with  James 
Colter  in  erecting  a  three-story  frame  shoe-factory, 
where  a  hundred  operatives  were  at  work  for  about 
a  year,  when  it  was  closed  up  as  an  unprofitable 
enterprise  and  the  machinery  removed.  A  part  of 
this  building  was  now  used  as  a  shop  for  the  repair 
of  textile  machinery,  and  as  such  was  carried  on  a 
short  time.  In  May,  1882,  a  conflagration,  result- 
ing from  a  fire  in  this  building,  destroyed  all  the 
works,  which  ended  manufacturing  operations  in 
the  village.  The  destruction  of  the  buildings  and 
the  death  of  Maurice  Raleigh  had  a  very  depress- 


ing effect  upon  Waterford,  which  caused  the  re- 
moval of  more  than  half  the  inhabitants  and  the 
suspension  of  several  business  interests.  After 
several  years  of  inactivity  the  prospects  of  the  vil- 
lage were  again  brightened  by  the  policy  of  the 
Raleigh  Land  and  Improvement  Company  (which 
had  become  the  owner  of  the  immense  Raleigh  es- 
tate, consisting  of  thirty  thousand  acres  of  land  in 
this  and  the  adjoining  counties),  whose  efforts 
brought  it  before  the  public  as  a  desirable  place 
for  suburban  residence,  and  the  adjoining  country 
as  being  specially  adapted  for  fruit-growing.  A 
number  of  locations  have  been  made,  and,  in  the 
course  of  a  few  years,  Waterford  will  regain  some 
of  its  former  prominence.  As  a  point  for  the  ship- 
ment of  fruit,  it  has  become  widely  known.  With- 
in a  radius  of  a  few  miles  the  following  are  the 
principal  fruit-growers :  John  W.  Hoag,  Alexan- 
der Heggan,  William  0.  Bisbee,  Edward  Battelle, 
James  McDougall,  Josiah  Albertson,  Godfrey 
Walker,  Edward  Reed,  John  Nichols,  E.  Z.  Col- 
lings,  Christopher  Crowley,  Pitman  Bates  and 
William  S.  Braddock.  Several  of  these  are  exten- 
sive cranberry-growers,  the  annual  product  of 
Collings'  bog  being  as  high  as  twenty  thousand 
bushels,  necessitating  the  use  of  a  large  storage- 
house  at  Waterford. 

The  first  store  in  the  village,  not  kept  by  the 
owners  of  the  glass-works,  was  on  the  site  of  the 
Stewart  mansion,  and  was  carried  on  by  .Josiah  S. 
Rice.  He  sold  out  to  Lewis  W.  Nepling,  who 
built  the  store  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  railroad, 
where  he  is  still  in  trade.  John  Fornham  opened 
another  store  in  the  present  Joseph  Thompson 
stand,  and  a  third  place  was  occupied  by  Abner 
Gurney,  which  is  no  longer  continued.  The  only 
hotel  of  note  was  kept  in  the  Porter  mansion,  near 
the  Episcopal  Church,  soon  after  its  erection,  in 
1858,  by  a  man  named  Pickett.  Here  is  now  kept 
the  Waterford  post-office,  of  which  William 
G.  Wilson  is  the  postmaster.  The  first  postmaster 
was  Joseph  C.  Porter.  Four  mails  per  day  are 
supplied.  Dr.  Joseph  A.  Stout  was  one  of  the  first 
practicing  physicians,  living  near  Tansboro',  and 
was  followed  by  Dr.  Risley,  of  the  same  place. 
Dr.  John  W.  Suowden  lived  in  the  neighborhood 
of  the  Spring  Garden  tavern  (which  was  the  pub- 
lic-house of  this  section  and  was  kept  many  years 
by  the  Albertson  family)  and  had  a  good  practice. 
He  removed  to  Hammonton,  and  Dr.  Joseph 
North  was  his  successor,  living  for  a  time  in  the 
village. 

The  population  of  Waterford  the  past  few  years 
has  not  been  permanent,  many  of  the  Raleigh  build- 
ings being  occupied   for  a  few  months  only,  but 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  WATERFOED. 


669 


approximates  two  hundred  and  fifty  inhabitants. 
There  are  about  one  hundred  buildings,  seventy- 
five  belonging  to  the  Land  and  Improvement  Com- 
pany, whose  interests  here  are  in  charge  of  George 
W.  Wurts. 

Waterford  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
— Soon  after  the  establishment  of  the  glass-works 
at  Waterford  the  Methodists  began  holding  meet- 
ings in  the  school-house,  and  were  encouraged  to 
form  a  society  by  Joseph  Porter  and  others,  on 
account  of  the  influence  the  meetings  had  over  the 
workmen.  A  cordial  welcome  was  extended  the 
itinerant  preachers  by  the  Porters,  and  in  due  sea- 
son the  nucleus  of  a  congregation  was  gathered. 
A  division  of  the  Sons  of  Temperance  was  also  organ- 
ized, and  to  accommodate  both  bodies,  it  was  pro- 
posed to  erect  a  two-story  building  in  which  their 
meetings  could  be  held,  each  in  a  separate  room. 
Accordingly,  Samuel  Shreve,  Joseph  Porter,  Joseph 
C.  Porter  and  Thomas  Porter  set  aside  a  lot  of 
ground  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  thereon  such  a 
building,  conveying  the  same,  in  trust,  to  John 
McCann,  Richard  A.  Winner,  Daniel  W.  Westcott, 
Micajah  Cline,  Brazier  Wescoat,  Arthur  Wescoat 
and  Jacob  Read,  in  May,  1848. 

Soon  after,  a  two-story  frame  building  was  put 
up,  the  upper  story  being  fitted  up  for  the  use  of 
the  temperance  society,  the  lower  being  the  church 
proper.  Both  bodies  had  a  flourishing  member- 
ship as  long  as  the  glass-works  were  carried  on, 
but  after  they  were  discontinued  most  of  those  be- 
longing removed,  leaving  so  few  interested  in  their 
future  existence  that  the  division  suspended  its 
meetings,  and  in  the  church  occasional  services 
only  were  held.  On  23d  of  March,  1864,  Brazier 
Wescoat  and  Arthur  Wescoat,  the  two  remaining 
trustees,  conveyed  the  property  to  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  and  Division  No.  49,  Sons  of 
Temperance,  where  the  title  still  rests.  Lewis  W. 
Neipling  is  one  of  the  few  surviving  members,  and 
now  has  the  property  in  charge.  Owing  to  disuse, 
the  house  is  not  in  good  condition,  but  the  grave- 
yard connected  bears  evidence  of  recent  attention. 
Though  showing  signs  of  decay,  and  being  no 
longer  the  useful  factor  it  was  in  by-gone  days,  the 
old  church  should  not  be  abandoned,  but  should 
be  reconsecrated  to  an  era  of  new  usefulness 
in  connection  with  the  rapid  development  of 
this  part  of  the  township. 

The  Waterford  Presbyterian  Church. — 
The  congregation  occupying  this  church  was  or- 
ganized April  25,  1866,  with  the  following  mem- 
bers: William  Robinson,  Calcina  C.  Robinson, 
Caroline  R.  Barnard,  James  McDougal,  Eliza  Mc- 
Dougal,  Alexander  Heggan,  Mary  H.  Porter  and 
81 


Edward  Battelle.  Preparations  were  at  once  made 
to  build  a  house  of  worship,  and,  on  the  14th  of 
June,  1866,  the  corner-stone  was  laid.  The  edifice 
is  a  frame,  thirty-two  by  fifty  feet,  and  has  a  spire 
ninety  feet  high.  Its  cost,  entire,  was  more  than 
three  thousand  dollars,  and  was  dedicated  Janu- 
ary 8,  1867.  William  Robinson  was  chosen  the 
first  ruling  elder,  and  upon  his  resignation,  James 
McDougal  and  Edward  Battelle  were  elected  to 
the  same  oflice,  serving  to  the  present  time. 

The  Rev  John  W.  Edmundson  became  the  first 
pastor  in  1867,  but  continued  that  relation  only 
one  year.  In  1868  the  Rev.  S.  C.  McElroy  be- 
came the  stated  supply  and  ministered  to  the  con- 
gregation more  than  a  year.  In  1871  the  Rev.  E. 
D.  Newberry  was  the  supply,  and  in  1873  the  Rev. 
James  G.  Shinn  began  to  serve  in  the  same  rela- 
tion, being  the  last  to  preach  statedly.  Since 
his  connection  the  pulpit  has  been  filled  by  num- 
erous ministers,  for  short  periods,  but  as  there 
are  only  twenty-four  members,  it  has  been  imprac- 
ticable to  have  a  regular  pastor.  The  Sabbath- 
school,  organized  about  the  same  time  as  the  con- 
gregation, is  maintained  with  unabated  interest. 
It  numbers  forty-five  members. 

Christ  Protestant  Episcopal  Church. — In 
1868  a  congregation  of  this  faith  was  organized 
at  Waterford,  George  Moody  becoming  senior  war- 
den, and  Dr.  John  W.  Snowden,  Major  R.  G. 
Porter  and  Jabez  Fisher,  vestrymen.  A  lot  of 
land  for  a  church  building  was  donated  by  Wil- 
liam 0.  Porter  about  the  same  time,  and  with  the 
means  secured  by  Mrs.  Elizabeth  D.,  the  wife  of 
Major  R.  G.  Porter,  the  erection  of  a  house  of 
worship  was  made  possible  the  same  year.  The 
services  of  the  church  were  conducted  about  a 
year  by  a  lay  reader,  but  in  March,  1870,  the  Rev. 
William  Stewart  removed  to  this  place  and  became 
the  first  rector,  the  Waterford  Church  and  the 
church  at  Hammonton  forming  a  parish.  His 
zealous  labors  were  beginning  to  be  apparent,  when 
he  was  stricken  down  by  death,  in  April,  1871,  and 
now  lies  interred  in  the  cemetery  of  the  church.  The 
devoted  Mrs.  Porter  had  preceded  him  to  the  spirit 
world,  departing  this  life  February  9,  1871.  Two 
of  the  most  active  members  being  thus  taken  away 
and  other  patrons  removing,  in  consequence  of  the 
suspension  of  business  at  this  place,  the  church 
was  weakened  to  such  an  extent  that  it  has  never 
recovered  its  former  vitality.  Having  no  rector 
or  active  organization,  it  has  for  some  years  had 
a  merely  nominal  existence.  In  1886  it  was  with- 
out a  vestry  and  the  twelve  communicant  members 
remaining  had  an  occasional  service  by  the  Rev. 
William  C.  Starr.    Since  1871,  Mrs.  C.  S.  Stewart 


670 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,   NEW  JERSEY. 


has  faithfully  superintended  a  Sunday-school, 
which  had  forty  members  in  1886.  The  church 
building,  a  fair-sized  frame,  is  kept  in  good  repair, 
and  has  a  well-kept  burial-ground  connected. 

The  Wateefokd  Eoman  Catholic  Chuech 
was  built,  in  1880,  by  Maurice  Raleigh,  for  the 
accommodation  of  his  workmen  professing  the 
Catholic  faith.  It  is  a  large  frame  building,  but 
plain  in  every  respect.  The  church  never  had  a 
resident  priest,  and  since  the  removal  of  many  of 
the  members,  services  are  held  at  long  intervals 
only,  by  priests  coming  from  Egg  Harbor.  The 
communicants  are  few  in  number. 

Shane's  Castle,  the  First  Catholic  Chuech. 
— About  a  hundred  years  ago  there  stood  on  the 
north  side  of  Clark's  Branch  of  the  Egg  Harbor 
River  a  cabin  of  cedar  logs,  squared  and  framed 
together  so  as  to  make  a  substantial  dwelling.  It 
was  covered  with  cedar  bark,  so  laid  as  to  ex- 
clude snow  and  rain,  and  the  spaces  between  the 
logs  were  so  carefully  filled  with  moss  and  clay 
that  the  storms  were  effectually  kept  out.  It  was 
large  enough  to  form  living  and  sleeping  apart- 
ments, besides  having  an  attic.  The  floor  was  of 
clay  only,  and  for  windows  there  were  mere  open- 
ings in  the  logs  without  glass ;  but  it  was  made 
comfortable  by  huge  fire-places  in  each  room,  the 
chimneys  being  built  of  sticks  on  the  outside  of 
the  cabin.  Its  site  Avas  one  mile  south  of  the  vil- 
lage of  Waterford,  and  for  many  years  it  stood  sol- 
itary and  alone  in  the  grand  old  forests.  No  other 
habitation  was  within  many  miles  of  it.  This  house, 
unpretentious  as  it  was,  the  builders  called  "Shane's 
Castle,"  a  name  which  it  bore  as  long  as  one  log 
rested  upon  another.  It  was  erected  by  three 
German  brothers, — Sebastian,  Ignatius  and  Xaver- 
ius  Woos,  who  had  fled  from  their  native  country 
to  avoid  military  conscription,  and  who  thus  im- 
mured themselves  in  the  wilds  to  make  a  home 
where  they  might  enjoy  their  freedom  unhindered. 
When  they  came  is  not  known,  but  in  1760  they 
applied  to  the  Council  of  Proprietors  to  grant  them 
title  to  the  land  upon  which  their  house  stood. 

After  being  in  this  country  some  years  the 
afRanced  of  Sebastian  followed  him,  having  eluded 
the  vigilance  of  her  parents,  who  had  opposed 
the  suit,  by  taking  passage  on  a  ship.  She  was 
met  at  Philadelphia  by  her  lover,  who  had  managed 
to  maintain  correspondence  with  her.  After  weeks 
of  patient  waiting,  on  account  of  the  uncertain  ar- 
rival of  the  vessel,  he  was  made  happy  by  the  sight 
of  his  loved  one,  and  after  paying  her  passage  to 
prevent  her  from  being  sold,  as  was  the  custom  at 
that  time,  they  were  married  by  a  Catholic  priest 
and  began  their  journey  to  their  new  home.  What 


an  impression  the  strange  sights  through  the  for- 
ests they  traveled  must  have  made  on  the  mind  of 
the  young  wife  !  Their  journey  was  long  and  toil- 
some, the  streams  being  unbridged  and  the  roads 
tortuous.  But,  happy  in  her  marriage,  the  sur- 
roundings soon  became  familiar,  and  even  attract- 
ive. She  was  content  with  her  lot,  as  oast  in  the 
wilds  of  America,  though  far  from  the  friends  of 
her  old  home  and  isolated  from  all  society  except 
that  furnished  by  her  husband  and  his  brothers, 
and  an  occasional  caller  at  the  cabin.  They  cleared 
up  a  few  acres  around  their  home,  where  they 
planted  vegetables,  and  worked  in  the  cedar 
swamps  preparing  staves  for  the  West  India  mar- 
kets. Fish  and  game  were  abundant  and  they  did 
not  lack  the  necessaries  of  life,  though  entirely 
unacquainted  with  its  luxuries. 

Ignatius  and  Xaverius  never  married,  but  Sebas- 
tian had  two  daughters,  who  became  young  women 
and  married  Herman  Myrose  and  Eli  Neild.  The 
latter  occupied  the  old  castle  as  long  as  it  was  hab- 
itable, while  the  former  lived  on  another  part  of 
the  property.  The  older  members  of  these  families 
died  in  the  township,  and  were  buried  in  a  small 
graveyard  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  stream  from 
the  castle.  This  contained  some  rude  stones, 
which  have  fallen  into  decay,  and  there  is  but 
little  left  to  mark  the  places  where  these  pioneers 
are  buried,  and,  like  the  castle  itself,  they  will  soon 
pass  into  oblivion. 

But  it  is  in  connection  with  the  holding  of 
Catholic  services  at  Shane's  Castle  that  the  great- 
est historic  interest  attaches.  About  the  middle  of 
the  last  century  efforts  were  made  to  utilize  the 
bog  iron-ore  so  abundant  on  the  eastern  slope  of 
New  Jersey,  and  furnaces  were  erected  at  various 
points.  The  operatives  at  these  iron-works  were 
generally  foreigners,  and  adherents  of  the  Catholic 
Church.  In  visiting  them,  the  priests  would  pass 
Shane's  Castle,  whose  inmates  were  Catholics, 
and  who  extended  a  hearty  welcome  to  the  min- 
isters, urging  them  to  hold  services  in  their  house. 
In  this  way  worship  was  held  many  years  in 
Shane's  Castle  according  to  the  forms  of  the  Cath- 
olic Church,  and  these  meetings  were  probably 
the  first  of  that  denomination  in  West  Jersey.  On 
such  occasions  the  few  people  residing  in  that  re- 
gion were  invited  to  attend  the  services  and  hear 
the  gospel  preached. 

Sparse  as  were  these,  their  number  was  occa- 
sionally increased  by  a  few  natives,  who,  without 
understanding  a  word  that  was  uttered,  could  see 
in  the  deportment  of  the  worshippers  the  sincerity 
and  reverence  that  moved  them.  They  only  knew 
that  the  worship  of  the  "  white  man's  God  "  was 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  WATEEFOED. 


671 


unlike  the  silent  awe  with  which  they  regarded 
the  Great  Spirit,  which  was  always  ahout  them 
in  the  mystery  and  grandeur  of  an  unknown  ex- 
istence. 

"  Being  above  all  beings  !  mighty  one  ! 

Whom  none  can  comprehend  and  none  explore ; 
Who  flll'Bt  existence  with  Thyself  alone. 
Embracing  all — supporting — ruling  o'er — 
Being  whom  we  call  God — and  know  no  more?'* 

BIOGEAPHICAL. 

JOEli  P.  KiRKBRlDE. — Joseph  Kirkbride  came 
to  Pennsylvania  from  England  in  1681.  He  was  in 
his  minority  when  he  arrived,  but  soon  grew  to 
man's  estate  and  became  a  useful  citizen.  He  set- 
tled in  Bucks  County,  was  a  member  of  the  Legis- 
lature for  several  years,  and  discharged  the  import- 
ant duties  of  magistrate  as  well.  He  was  a  preacher 
among  Friends,  and  returned  to  England  in  1699 
on  a  religious  visit. 

He  married  Sarah,  a  daughter  of  Mahlon  Stacy, 
who  came  to  America  in  the  ship  "  Shield "  in 
1678.  Mahlon  settled  in  Nottingham  township, 
Burlington  County,  N.  J.,  now  part  of  the  county 
of  Mercer.  Joseph  Kirkbride  died  in  1737  and 
left  five  children — Mahlon,  John,  Sarah  (who  mar- 
ried Israel  Pemberton),  Mary  and  Jane  (who  mar- 
ried Samuel  Smith,  author  of  the  "  History  of  New 
Jersey  "). 

Israel  Pemberton,  who  married  Sarah,  was 
a  son  of  Phineas,  who  came  to  Pennsylvania 
from  England  in  1682,  and  became  largely  inter- 
ested in  the  real  estate  of  West  New  Jersey,  and 
located  several  surveys  in  Atlantic  County.  Mary 
Kirkbride,  whose  grandfather  and  father  were  also 
owners  of  proprietary  rights,  located  a  survey  of 
about  twelve  hundred  acres  in  1745,  and  upon 
which  the  larger  part  of  the  town  of  Hammonton 
now  stands. 

These  were  of  the  most  influential  families  in 
Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey,  and  in  private  and 
public  life  were  so  recognized,  and  from  this  line 
came  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  He  was  born 
December  24,  1824,  and  is  the  son  of  John  and 
Elizabeth  Kirkbride,  of  Burlington  County,  N.  J. 
He  has  combined  the  avocation  of  farmer  and 
miller,  and,  by  strict  attention  to  business  and 
fair  dealing,  has  made  both  successful.  In  public 
life  he  has  represented  the  people  of  his  district  in 
the  Legislature,  and  held  the  ofiice  of  revenue 
assessor  for  the  United  States  government  for  sev- 
eral years,  and  clerk  of  Camden.County  for  one  term. 


The  ages  of  Joseph  Kirkbride  and  Sarah,  his 
wife,  and  their  children  are  Joseph,  born  1691; 
Sarah,  born  1702  (daughter  of  Mahlon  Stacy 
and  Mary  Rogers);  Phebe,  born  1724,  married 
Joseph  Milnor;  Hannah,  born  1726,  married 
Langhorne  Biles;  Mary,  born  1728,  married  Sam- 
uel Rogers ;  Joseph,  born  1731  (colonel  in  Revolu- 
tion), married  Mary  Rogers;  Elizabeth,  born 
1734,  married  Daniel  Bunting ;  Sarah,  born  1736 
(single). 

M-om  the  Borden-Hbpkinson  family  grave-i/ard, 
Bordentown,  JV.  J.  : 

"  This  stone,  inscribed  by  the  hand  of  friend- 
ship, shall  commemorate  the  virtues  of  Joseph 
Kirkbride,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  for  he  was  a 
patriot  who  zealously  served  his  country  in  her 
armies  and  councils  during  the  Revolution  of  1776. 
He  was  a  citizen  who  faithfully  performed  the 
duties  of  social  life,  and  he  was  an  honest  man, 
who,  in  his  thoughts,  words  and  actions,  illustrated 
the  noblest  work  of  God.  He  died  October  26, 
1803,  aged  seventy-two  years." 

Phineas  Kirkbride  came  to  New  Jersey  a  young 
man,  and  was  married  to  a  Rogers,  and  his  chil- 
dren were  Samuel  (who  died  young),  William, 
Mary,  Phineas,  John,  Margery,  Mahlon  and  Stacy 
(who  were  twins),  Joseph,  Jonathan,  Job  and 
Martha.  John  was  married  to  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  Jacob  and  Mary  Prickett,  who  was  of  the  Sharp 
family.  Their  children  were  Stacy  P.,  Jacob  P., 
John  R.,  Mary  S.,  Elizabeth  P.,  Joel  P.,  Martha 
R.  and  Charles. 

Joel  P.  Kirkbride  was  married  to  Abagail  W. 
Strieker,  daughter  of  Philip  and  Sarah  Strieker, 
who  was  the  daughter  of  Amos  and  Lydia  Wilkins, 
January  31,  1849.  Their  family  are  Annie  B., 
married  to  Jacob  C,  son  of  Freedom  and  Letitia 
Lippincott;  Joel  S.,  married  to  Emma,  daughter 
of  George  M.  and  Sarah  Rogers;  Lidie  J.,  who  is 
single;  Joel  S.,  deceased  January,  1885.  Joel  P. 
Kirkbride  is  a  J^riend,  as  were  his  ancestors  on 
both  sides.  In  politics  he  was  a  Whig  and  after- 
ward a  Republican.  He  has  been  a  director  in  the 
National  State  Bank  of  Camden  for  nearly  twenty 
years,  and  closely  identified  with  the  Marl  and 
Turnpike  Companies.  He  has  always  been  active 
in  all  the  industrial  enterprises  of  the  county.  He 
gave  the  land  for  the  station  at  the  railroad,  and  is 
to-day  one  of  the  most  influential  and  useful  citi- 
zens of  the  county. 


THE    TOA^^NSHIP    OF    aLOUOESTER. 


CHAPTER    XIV. 

DescrlptioD — Early  Settlers — TUe  Tomlinsons,  AUiertsouB,  Bates, 
Cathcarts,  Heilmaus,  Howells,  Thorues  auii  otbers — Civil  Orgau- 
izatious — Villages  of  Kirkwood,  Linilenwold,  Clementon,  Wat- 
soutoWD,  BrowDStowu,  Davistowu,  Spring  Milts,  "  the  lost  town 
of  I'pton"  aud  Chews  Lu ml ing — The  Chew  Family — Blackwood — 
The  Wards  and  Blackwoods — Old  Hotels — Stage  Lines — Chuivhes 
— Societies  —Education. 

Topography. — Gloucester  is  in  tlie  southern 
tier  of  townships  of  Camden  County,  and  is  bound- 
ed on  the  north  by  Waterford,  from  which  it  is 
separated,  in  part,  by  the  south  branch  of  Coopers 
Creek,  on  the  southeast  by  \Vinslow,  on  the  south 
and  west  by  Gloucester  County,  the  Great  Timber 
Creek  forming  the  boundary  line,  and  on  the 
northwest  by  Centre  township.  Nearly  all  its  ter- 
ritory lies  in  tlie  valley  of  the  Delaware  and  par- 
takes of  the  characteristics  of  that  belt  of  land. 
Along  the  division  line  the  soil  is  sandy  and  less 
fertile  than  in  the  central  and  northern  parts, 
where  it  partakes  more  of  the  nature  of  a  friable 
loam.  Its  natural  richness  lias  been  greatly  in- 
creased by  the  use  of  green  sand-marl  which  un- 
derlies it  in  most  localities,  and  which  appears  at 
the  surface  along  the  water-courees.  The  princi- 
pal streams  which  furnish  a  plentiful  irrigation 
are  the  north  branch  of  Timber  Creek  and  its  af- 
fluents, the  largest  one  being  Otter  Branch.  The 
main  stream  is  subject  to  tidal  influences,  the  head 
of  the  flow  being  above  Chews  Landing.  The 
limit  was  marked  in  the  early  history  of  the  town- 
ship by  tide-water  gates,  erected  at  that  point. 
On  this  stream,  consequently,  the  mill-sites  are 
found  on  the  head-waters  only.  Here  the  country 
presents  a  broken  surface,  several  hills  of  striking 
attitude  appearing.  The  highest  of  these  is  Sig- 
nal Hill,  near  Clementon,  which  was  used  by  the 
United  States  government  authorities  in  making 
a  coast  survey  of  New  Jersey.  It  is  covered  with 
672 


a  pine  forest  and  the  soil  is  not  adapted  to  farm- 
ing. Hickoiy  Hill,  in  the  northwestern  part,  has 
a  lower  altitude' and  its  surface  is  susceptible  of 
cultivation.  Along  the  streams  were  large  forest- 
trees,  from  which  circumstance  the  cieeks  took 
their  names.  The  removal  of  this  timber  was  a 
laborious  process  and  an  impediment  to  the  rapid 
settlement  of  the  country,  but  to  those  living 
near  the  streams  it  was  a  source  of  income,  when 
other  products  were  not  in  demand. 

Owing  to  the  distance  from  market,  the  upper 
part  of  the  township  was  not  developed  until 
within  the  past  fifty  years,  and  much  of  the  coun- 
try is  still  in  a  primeval  condition.  Its  soil  is 
adapted  to  fruit-culture  and  a  number  of  small 
farms  have  recently  been  there  opened,  which  are 
devoted  to  that  industry.  The  township  was  early 
traversed  by  roads  from  the  Delaware  River  to  the 
sea-coast,  which  have  been  improved  as  turnpikes, 
their  courses  being  modified  for  this  purpose. 
The  turnpikes  are  the  Camden  and  White  Horse, 
in  the  northwestern  part ;  Camden  and  Black- 
wood, in  the  southwestern  part,  the  latter  connect- 
ing at  Blackwood  with  the  Williamstown  turnpike, 
to  extend  this  roadway  up  the  creek,  leading  out 
of  the   township  at  Turnersville. 

Early  Settlers  and  their  Descendakts. — 
The  earliest  prominent  settler  in  the  middle  part 
of  the  township  was  Joseph  Tomlinsoii,  sherifl  of 
Gloucester  County,  in  lli95,  and  King's  attorney 
the  following  year.  He  arrived  in  America  prior  to 
1686,  and  became  an  apprentice  to  Thomas  Sharp, 
of  Newton,  to  learn  the  business  of  wool  comber 
and  dyer.  He  was  also  something  of  a  car- 
penter, as,  in  the  year  last  named,  he  made  an 
agreement  with  his  master  to  build  him  a  house 
for  a  specified  sum,  and  to  fui-nish  all  the  material 
for  the  same,  except  the  nails.  His  relations  with 
his  master  do  not  appear  to  have  been  of  the  most 


9. 


/ 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


673 


pleiisaut nature;  nevertheless,  his  associations  with 
him  contributed  to  his  education  and,  no  doubt, 
aided  him  to  secure  the  public  positions  which  he 
afterwards  filled,  as  Thomas  Sharp  was  unques- 
tionably an  able  preceptor. 

In  1690,  Joseph  Tomlinsou  located  one  hundred 
and  seventeen  acres  of  land  ou  the  east  side  of 
Gravelly  Run,  in  Gloucester,  adjoining  a  tract 
which  he  had  previously  purchased  of  Joseph 
Wood,  and  on  which  he  first  lived,  after  leavius; 
the  employ  of  Thomas  Sharp.  His  wife,  Eliza- 
beth, was  a  worthy  consort,  and  nobly  shared  with 
him  the  privations  incident  to  a  home  so  remote 
from  other  settlers,  as  was  theirs  at  that  early 
period.  Thus  isolated,  he  turned  his  attention  to 
reading  and  studyina-  the  laws  of  the  community 
of  which  he  deemed  himself  a  part,  and  in  which 
he  was  soon  to  fill  conspicuous  and  responsible 
positions. 

He  served  as  prosecutor  of  the  ple.os,  or  attorney 
for  the  Kina;,  in  Gloucester  Oounty  until  ]710, 
when  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  judges  of  the 
sever-al  courts  of  Gloucester  County,  a  position  for 
which  he  was  well  fitted  by  his  previous  experi- 
ence. He  died  in  1719,  leaving  his  wife  and  a 
large  family  to  survive  him. 

One  of  the  daughters,  Elizabeth,  married  Bar- 
tholomew Wyatt,  of  Salem  County,  an  active  mem- 
ber of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and,  in  17:V2,  his 
wife  appeared  as  a  Public  Friend,  whose  preach- 
ing was  acceptable.  Ephraim,  tlie  eldesl  son  of 
Joseph  Tomlinson,  settled  on  a  tract  of  land 
which  his  father  deeded  him,  adjoining  the  home- 
stead on  the  east,  suid  extending  towards  the  north 
branch  of  Timber  Greek.  In  1782  he  enlarged  his 
possessions  by  purchasing-,  of  the  executors  of 
Abraham  I'orter  six  hundred  and  nineteen  aires 
lying  on  both  sides  of  the  last-named  stream,  reach- 
ing almost  to  the  south  branch  of  Coopei-s  Creek. 
He  was  also  an  esteemed  preacher  among  the 
Friends.  He  was  born  in  Ui9r>,  and  died  in  17S0, 
leaving  his  second  wife,  Catharine  Ridgway,  a  son, 
Ephraim,  and  daughters,^ — Elizabeth,  marrie<l  to 
Aai'on  Lippincott,  and  Mary,  who  married  James 
Gardiner. 

Joseph  Tomlinson,  a  brother  of  Ephraim,  first 
had  the  homestead  property  devised  to  him,  but 
increased  the  original  two  hundred  acres  by  pur- 
chase, so  that  he  owned  considerable  real  estate. 
He  died  in  17.)S,  leaving  two  sons,  named  Joseph 
and  Samuel.  He  also  had  three  daughtera.  Higher 
up  Gravelly  Run,  .Tolin  Tomlinson,  another  brother 
of  Epliraim,  had  three  hundred  acres  of  laud  willed 
to  him  by  his  father,  upon  which  he  settled  and 
continued  to  live  until  his  death,  in    17oo.     His 


son  Isaac  and  daughters,  Hannah  and  Eleanor, 
survived  him,  the  latter  marrying  Josiah  Albert- 
son.  Of  the  other  sons  of  Joseph  Tomlinson, 
William  died  in  Waterford  in  1737,  and  Othniel 
in  Chester  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  17r)().  De- 
scendants of  the  Tomliusous  remain  in  the  town- 
ship, being  now,  as  well  as  a  hundred  years  ago, 
among  its  leading  citizens. 

By  the  will  of  his  father,  dated  December  17, 
1709,  recorded  in  Pennsylvania,  Josiah  Albertson 
came  in  possession  of  a  tract  of  land  in 
Gloucester  township,  bounded  on  the  south  side 
by  Otter  Branch,  and  thereon  he  settled  and  cleared 
a  farm.  In  1727  he  married  Ann,  a  daughter  of 
Francis  Austin,  of  Evesham,  Burlington  County, 
N.  J.,  who  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  at  that 
place.  The  firat  habitation  of  Josiah  and  Ann 
Albertson  was  built  on  the  land  given  him  by  his 
father,  a  short  distance  south  of  the  old  Salem 
road,  where  he  plied  his  calling  as  a  shoemaker, 
and  at  the  same  time  removed  the  timber  from  the 
soil.  He  increased  his  possessions  until  his  farm 
was  double  the  number  of  acres  left  him  by  his 
father.  In  174S  he  built  a  large  and  substantial 
brick  house,  part  of  which  was  occupied  in  1876 
by  his  lineal  descendant,  Chalkley  Albertson,  who 
owned  much  of  the  original  estate. 

Of  the  nine  children  of  Josiah  and  Ann  Albert- 
son,  eight  were  daughters  of  atti-active  appearance 
and  superior  qualities.  None  of  those  that  ai-rived 
at  suitiible  age  were  left  as  "  single  sistei-s."  They 
were  Hannah,  miu-ried  to  Jacob  Clement;  Cassan- 
dra, married  to  .lacob  Ellis  and  Jacob  Burrough ; 
Patience,  inai-ried  to  Isaac  Ballinger;  Sarah,  mar- 
ried to  Siunuel  Webster ;  Keturah,  married  to 
Isaac  Townsend  ;  and  Ann,  who  married  Ebenezer 
Hopkins  and  .lacob  Jennings.  Mary  and  Eliza- 
beth died  unmarried.  Josiah,  the  sou,  was  mar- 
ried to  Eleanor  Tomlinson,  for  his  first  wife,  and 
Judith  Boggs,  for  his  second. 

Chalkley  Albertson,  son  of  John  and  Auu 
Albertson,  was  born  First  Month  9,  .\.D.181(!,on  the 
paternal  estjxte,  where  his  ancestora  had  lived  for 
more  than  a  century.  His  father  was  iu  direct 
line  of  descent  from  the  emigrant  who  came  to 
New  Amsterdam  with  the  Hollander  and  settled 
thereabouts  before  the  English  visited  New  Jersey. 
They  adopted  tlie  religious  views  of  George  Fox 
and  were  leading  members  of  the  Society  of 
Friends  in  Gloucester  County.  Chalkley  Albert- 
son's mother  was  a  daughter  of  John  and  Rachel 
Borrough  Pine,  of  Gloucester  County.  The  Al- 
bertson homestead, where  Chalkley  Albertson  lived, 
was  located  by  Wm.  Albertson  in  1698,  and  came 
into  possession  of  his  son  Josiah  by  will  in  1709. 


674 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


In  1742  Joaiah  built  the  house  which  representa- 
tives of  this  branch  of  the  Albertson  family  have 
occupied  to  the  present  time. 

After  the  death  of  his  father  Ohalkley  Albert- 
son,  by  purchase,  became  the  owner  of  a  large  part 
of  his  father's  real  estate,  and  soon  showed  him- 
self to  be  a  progressive  and  successful  farmer.  He 
regarded  the  use  of  machinery  as  labor-saving  and 
beneficial  and  was  never  behind  his  neighbors  in 
its  appliance.  He  thoroughly  understood  the  ad- 
vantage of  fertilizers  and  was  liberal  in  their  use 
upon  his  land. 

He  married  Annie,  daughter  of  Charles  and 
Tacy  Jarrett  Stokes,  of  Rancocas,  Burlington 
County,  N.  J.,  Twelfth  Month  19,  18.50. 

In  early  manhood  he  expressed  his  sympathy 
with  Democratic  principles  and  allied  himself  with 
that  party.  He  took  much  interest  in  township 
affairs  and  became  conspicuous  in  the  county  in  its 
separation  from  Old  Gloucester  and  the  location 
of  the  public  buildings.  In  1863,  '64,  '67  and  '73 
he  was  elected  to  the  State  Assembly  when  public 
opinion  was  set  against  his  party  and  with  popular 
candidates  opposed  to  him.  As  a  representative 
he  was  always  open  to  conviction,  but  was  decided 
in  his  opinions.  The  public  good  was  his  purpose 
and  he  commanded  the  respect  of  his  political  op- 
ponents for  his  sincerity,  intelligence  and  integrity. 
He  was  interested  in  public  improvements  and  was 
one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  White  Horse  Turn- 
pike Company.  He  introduced  in  the  State  As- 
sembly the  bill,  which  became  a  law,  incorporating 
the  Camden  and  Philadelphia  Bridge  Company. 

While  a  member  of  the  State  Assembly  he  advo- 
cated the  cause  of  the  glass-blowers  and  voted  for 
the  law  abolishing  the  money-order  system.  He 
always  favored  the  extension  rif  the  railroad  system 
of  the  State,  but  opposed  monopolies.  He  did 
much  to  forward  the  construction  of  the  Phila- 
delphia and  Atlantic  City  Railroad  and  saw  the  ad- 
vantage a  competing  road  would  be  to  Atlantic 
City  and  to  the  unimproved  country  between  that 
place  and  Philadelphia.  He  was  one  of  the  State 
Commissioners  to  make  arrangements  for  the  Cen- 
tennial Exhibition.  In  1873  he  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  New 
Jersey  Agricultural  College,  which  position  he 
held  to  the  time  of  his  death,  and  always  took  a 
hearty  interest  in  the  Scientific  School  and  its  ob- 
ject. He  advocated  the  establishment  of  the  Agri- 
cultural Ex[)eriraental  Station.  As  executor,  trus- 
tee or  commissioner,  he  had  the  confidence  of  those 
interested  and  discharged  his  duties  acceptably. 

He  was  a  neighbor  in  the  true  meaning  of  the 
word,  and  by  his  kind  and  genial  manners  won  the 


esteem  of  all  who  knew  him.  His  devotion  to  his 
fellow-men  impelled  him  to  take  an  active  interest 
in  temperance  reform  ;  when  a  young  man  he  was 
an  energetic  member  of  the  Washington  Total  Ab- 
stinence Society,  which  was  among  the  first  of  such 
organizations  established,  and  throughout  his  life 
he  was  true  to  his  temperance  convictions. 

In  his  religious  views  he  followed  the  footsteps 
of  his  ancestors  and  was  an  active  and  useful  mem- 
ber of  the  Society  of  Friends.  He  died  Fourth 
Month  21,  1880.  He  left  a  widow  and  six  children. 

The  Rulons. — Tradition  asserts  that  during 
the  persecution  of  the  Huguenots,  one  of  that  sect 
by  the  name  of  Rulon  emigrated  to  this  country. 
To  further  his  escape,  he  was  secretly  inclosed  in  a 
hogshead  and  put  on  a  vessel  bound  for  the  United 
States,  and  after  getting  well  at  sea  was  set  at  lib- 
erty. It  is  not  positively  known  at  what  place  he 
landed,  but  the  name  is  found  as  early  as  1704  in 
Monmouth  County,  N.  J.,  where  the  refugee  evi- 
dently settled  and  owned  land  and  raised  a  family. 
He  had  the  reputation  of  being  a  firm  and  fearless 
man,  as  well  as  energetic,  and  preferred  exile  to 
the  relinquishment  of  his  faith. 

The  eldest  son  of  the  refugee  was  David,  who 
was  born  about  1704.  He  married  Exercise  Allen, 
by  whom  he  had  thirteen  children.  He  died  the 
15th  of  March,  1778,  aged  seventy-four  years. 
Henry  Rulon,  the  oldest  son  and  fourth  child  of 
David,  was  born  June  5,  1732,  and  married  Theo- 
dosia  Robbins,  by  whom  he  had  ten  children,  of 
whom  Moses  was  the  fifth  son,  and  was  born  Octo- 
ber 14,  1767.  He  married  Susan  Hartley,  and  had 
thirteen  children,  of  whom  Moses,  the  father  of 
Elwood  Rulon,  now  of  Gloucester  township,  was 
the  sixth  child.  He  married  Eleanor  Albertson, 
by  whom  he  had  ten  children,  of  whom  Elwood 
was  the  seventh  child.  His  mother  is  still  living, 
at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-four.  She  retains 
all  of  her  mental  faculties,  and  is  very  active,  and 
possesses  those  Albertson  traits  for  which  the 
women  of  that  family  were  noted.  The  brothers 
and  sisters  of  Elwood  were  as  follows  :  Hannah 
Ann,  Clayton,  Keturah,  Chalkley,  John,  Hartley, 
Abel,  Ellen  and  Eliza.  Of  this  family,  with  El- 
wood, but  two  survive, — Hannah  Ann  Haines,  of 
Haddonfield,  and  Chalkley  Albertson  Rulon,  of 
Swedesboro'. 

Elwood  lives  upon  the  homestead,  and  on  the 
23d  of  February,  1865,  married  Mary  R.  Palmer,  of 
Cheater  County,  Pa.  The  Palmers  are  among  the 
oldest  settlers  of  Pennsylvania,  and  are  related  to 
the  Sharplasses,  Trimbles,  Pennells  and  Gibbons. 
The  genealogy  of  Lewis  and  Mary  Palmer,  issued 
in  1875,  shows  Mary  R.,  daughter  of  Abraham  M., 


~A 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OP  GLOUCESTEK. 


675 


born  1808,  son  of  Benjamin,  born  1770,  son  of 
John,  born  1745,  son  of  INIoses,  born  1721,  son  of 
John,  born  l(!!lO,son  of  John,  who  received  a  patent, 
1688,  in  Concord,  Cliester  County,  Pa.  (now  Dela- 
ware County),  where  the  family  are  numerous,  and 
some  of  whom  still  reside  on  the  patent.  On  the 
maternal  side  of  Mary  R.,  they  were  roteis,  who 
built  the  old  mill  and  brick  dwelling  on  Cium 
Creek  about  lti90,  the  materials  of  which  were 
brought  from  England.  Both  families  claim  an 
old  ancestry  aud  were  members  of  the  Friends 
Society. 

The  children  of  Elwood  Rulon  and  wife  were 
the  following:  Norris  Peters,  William  Jlerrihew, 
Charles  Jenks,  Stephen  Edwiu  and  Frank  Albert- 
son.-  Norris  Peters  and  Frank  Albertson  are  de- 
ceased. 

Elwood  Rulon  has  always  resided  on  the  home- 
stead. He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Soci- 
ety of  Friends.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican  ; 
was  once  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Freeholders 
of  the  county.  He  has  been  a  practical  and  suc- 
cessful farmer,  and  in  integrity  has  shown  the 
sterling  worth  that  always  characterized  his  an- 
cestors. 

Neir  the  head-waters  of  the  south  branch  of 
Coopers  Creek,  and  on  the  south  side  of  that 
stream,  Mordecai  Howell  was  the  owner  of  a  tract 
of  land,  which  he  sold  to  Joseph  Thorne  in  1706. 
The  same  year  the  latter  sold  to  Joseph  Bates, 
who  soon  after  settled  upon  the  land.  Being  so 
remote  from  other  settlements,  it  is  quite  probable 
that  his  tirst  home  was  in  a  cave  in  the  hillside 
and  that  his  children  were  born  there.  This  rude 
habitation  was  on  the  Indian  trail  leading  to 
Long-a-Coming,  and  the  property  adjoined  that 
of  John  Hillman,  inchiding  the  lands  where  are 
now  the  farms  in  the  AVhite  Horse  Tavern 
neighborhood.  In  17S()  Joseph  Bates  (2d)  made 
a  resiirvey  of  tlie  lands.  A  part  of  the  property 
in  this  locality  passed  to  John  Cathcart,  in  1794, 
who  built  a  brick  mansion  thereon. 

Joseph  Bates  was  married  to  JIary,  a  daughter 
of  James  and  Jane  Clement,  natives  of  England, 
who  had  tirst  settled  on  Long  Island.  No  direct 
descendants  of  this  branch  of  the  Bates  family 
remain. 

John  Cathcart,  above  mentioned,  was  possessed 
of  a  considerable  fortune.  He  not  only  built  the 
fine  mansion,  but  for  a  number  of  years  maintained 
a  Deer  Park.  His  home  was  frequently  visited 
by  his  friends,  whom  he  entertained  with  unstinted 
hospitality.  The  park  was  simply  a  largo  tract  of 
native  woods,  inclosed  with  a  high  rail  fence,  so 
firmly  made,  that  the  timid  animal  once  within  its 


bounds  was  securely  held.  The  property  on  which 
was  the  brick  house  became  known,  in  later  years, 
as  the  Warner  place. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Chews  Landing  Francis  Col- 
lins had  a  tract  of  four  hundred  acres  of  land, 
which  he  conveyed  to  Thomas  Briant,  his  son-in- 
law,  in  1704,  but  it  does  not  appear  that  Briant 
made  any  improvements  at  that  period. 

In  the  same  locality  John  Eastlack  had  one 
hundred  and  seventy-five  acres  of  land,  which  he 
transferred  to  Thomas  Smallwood  in  1719.  De- 
scendants of  the  latter  family  may  yet  be  found  in 
the  township. 

Above  tlhews  Landing,  on  the  Long-a-Coming 
road,  lived  John  Hider.  He  was  an  intimate 
friend  of  .\aron  Chew,  and  served  in  llie  Revolu- 
tion with  him.  The  Hiders,  of  Gloucester,  de- 
scended from  this  family.  Samuel  Wetherell  also 
located  a  large  tract  of  land,  on  which  a  part  of 
Chews  Landing  now  stands. 

hi  174."i  John  Hillman,  son  of  John  Hillman,  of 
Centre  township,  who  was  married  to  .Abigail 
Bates,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  Bates,  of  (xloucester, 
purchased  about  five  hundred  aires  of  land  from 
Thomas  Atkinson.  This  tract  lay  near  the  White 
Horse  Tavern ,"  a  nd  extended  from  the  south  branch 
of  Coopers  Creek  to  the  north  branch  of  Timber 
Creek.  To  this  trad  he  removed  and  erected  the 
house  which  became  known  later  as  the  Hinch- 
man-Lippincott  property.  In  17.51  he  bought  at 
sheritTs  sale  one  hundred  acres  adjoining,  known 
as  the  Mien-Soul hwick  property.  On  the  original 
purchase  was  a  saw-mill,  on  Timber  Creek,  which 
was  operated  as  the  property  of  Southwick  liy 
Thomas  Webster  and  Thomas  Atkinson.  It  is 
supposed  that  it  stood  on  the  site  of  Ephraim 
Tomlinson's  grist-mill. 

John  Hillman  lived  on  his  tract  of  land  many 
years,  converting  the  timber  that  stood  thereon  in- 
to lumber  and  coiilwood,  hauling  the  same  to 
Chews  Ijanding,  whence  it  was  taken  to  Phila- 
delphia. His  sons  likewise  devoted  themselves  to 
clearing  up  farms  out  of  the  primitive  forest. 
These  were  Joab,  Josiah,  Daniel,  James  and  John. 
He  died  in  17<;4,  his  wife  surviving  him. 

The  ,lohn  Hillman  lands  were  originally  owned 
by  Abraham  Porter  from  1714  to  1716,  who  had 
his  house  near  the  south  side  of  (_\iopers  Creek, 
on  Josiah  Jenkins'  farm.  He  appears  to  have  been 
an  unmarried  man,  and  most  likely  not  a  Friend, 
as  he  served  as  a  cajitain  in  the  military  depai-t- 
ment  of  the  province  in  17:22.  Afterwards  he  wa.s 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  major.  It  is  quite  proba- 
ble that  in  this  capacity  he,  and  the  company  he 
commanded,  acted  as  the  escort  of  the  Governor 


676 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


when  he  visited  the  county  to  hold  the  assizes  of 
the  crown.  These  visits  were  eventful  to  those 
holding  their  commissions  by  appointment  from 
the  crown,  and  often  occasions  of  considerable 
display  in  the  eyes  of  the  plain  people  of  that  pe- 
riod. From  the  fact  that  Captain  Porter  was  pro- 
moted it  is  evident  that  he  discharged  his  duties 
to  the  satisfaction  of  those  in  authority.  He 
owned  large  tracts  of  land,  in  all  about  twelve 
hundred  acres,  and  when  he  died,  in  1729,  his 
benefactions  were  extended  to  all  the  neighboring 
churches,  showing  that  he  had  a  proper  regard  for 
the  advancement  of  religion  and  morality  in  his 
adopted  country.  Though  long  since  dead,  and 
leaving  no  posterity  to  perpetuate  his  memory,  he 
should  not  be  forgotten,  and  his  generous  traits 
may  well  be  imitated. 

In  1706  William  Thome,  who  had  but  lately 
come  from  Long  Island,  purchased  several  tracts 
of  land  from  Mordecai  Howell,  on  the  head-waters 
of  the  south  branch  of  Coopers  Creek  and  the 
north  branch  of  Timber  Creek.  On  a  tributary  of 
the  latter  stream  he  built  a  saw-mill,  which  has 
been  removed,  but  the  site  may  still  be  seen. 
From  this  circumstance  the  stream  is  called 
Thome's  Mill  Branch.  It  is  believed  that  Thorne 
lived  in  this  locality  and  reared  his  family  here, 
but  since  none  of  that  name  have  been  here  for 
many  years,  no  authenticated  statement  to  that 
effect  can  be  made. 

Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson,  of  Haddonfield,  is  of  the 
opinion  that  AVilliam  was  the  father  of  Joseph 
Thorne,  who  commanded  a  company  in  the  Second 
Battalion  of  Gloucester  County  Volunteers  in  the 
army  of  the  Revolution.  The  family  Bible  in  the 
doctor's  possession  shows  that  Captain  Thorne 
was  born  about  1733,  and  that  he  was  married  to 
Isabella  Cheeseman,  whose  family  lived  on  a  tract 
of  land  adjacent  to  Thome's,  on  the  north  branch 
of  Timber  Creek.  In  1789,  Richard  Cheeseman 
had  a  lauding  at  that  place.  After  the  Revolution, 
and  as  recently  as  1800,  Captain  Thorne  lived  at 
Haddonfield,  but  spent  his  last  days  at  the  home 
of  his  son-in-law,  Thomas  Stevenson,  at  Steven- 
son's mill.  There  he  died  at  the  age  of  ninety 
years,  and  was  buried  in  the  Newton  Cemetery. 
His  children  were  Mary,  born  1767 ;  John,  bom 
1758;  Keziah,  born  1760;  Joseph,  bom  1762; 
Samuel,  bom  1764 ;  and  Rebecca,  born  1768.  As 
stated  above,  the  members  bearing  the  name  of 
Thorne  in  this  vicinity  died  many  years  ago,  the 
only  posterity  remaining  being  descendants  of  the 
daughter.  These  were  married — Keziah  to  John 
Kay ;  Rebecca  to  Thomas  Stevenson,  grandfather 
of  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson  ;    and   Mary   to   James 


Clement.  The  latter  family  had  one  son  and  two 
daughters,  Elizabeth  and  Ann.  The  former  mar- 
ried Nathan  Bunker,  a  native  of  New  England, 
who  was  a  merchant  in  Philadelphia.  Their 
daughter  became  the  wife  of  James  W.  Paul,  one 
of  whose  sons  married  thedaughter  of  A.  J.  Drexel, 
and  a  daughter  became  the  wife  of  the  Hon.  Wm. 
B.  Astor,  of  New  York.  The  names  of  other  early 
settlers  appear  in  connection  with  the  church 
histories  of  the  township. 

Civil  Organization. — The  original  township 
ofGloucester  was  erected,  June  1,  1695,  by  the 
grand  jury  of  Gloucester  County,  with  bounds  as 
follows  :  "  From  y"  said  Newton  Creek  branch  to 
y'  lowermost  branch  of  ye  Gloucester  River  shall 
be  another  constablewick  or  township."  In  the 
same  report  the  title  of  this  new  township  is  given 
as  Gloucester,  and  Elias  Hugg  named  as  the  con- 
stable. Extending  thus  southeastward  indefinitely, 
its  limits,  not  named  above,  were  undefined  until 
1765,  when  Samuel  Clement  surveyed  all  the  head- 
lines of  the  township  in  the  county.  For  more 
than  half  a  century  the  township  extended  from 
the  Delaware  River  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  for 
a  like  period  from  the  river  to  the  extreme  end  of 
what  is  now  Winslow  township.  The  latter  town- 
ship was  formed  out  of  the  territory  of  Gloucester, 
by  legislative  enactment,  March  8,  1845.  But  the 
western  boundary  of  the  township  had  already 
been  moved  eastward;  in  November,  1831,  by  the 
erection  of  Union  township,  which  subsequently, 
in  1855,  became  the  present  Centre  township.  Thus 
reduced,  the  area  of  Gloucester  was  thirty-five  and 
sixty -six  one-hundredths  square  miles;  but  in 
1859  a  few  square  miles  were  taken  off",  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Berlin,  and  annexed  to  Water- 
ford  township,  leaving  Gloucester  in  its  present 
condition.  These  frequent  changes  have  caused 
the  records  to,  be  mislaid,  which  prevents  the  com- 
pilation of  a  complete  civil  list.  Since  1862  the 
following  have  been  the  principal  officers  : 


1863.  HurfrWooilrow. 
18()4.  Ainoe  (.'.  Stovensun. 

1865.  AniosC.  SteveDBOn. 

1866.  C.  W.  Taylor. 

1867.  Bi!i\)jiniin  K.  Sharp. 
1868-60.  Theo.  V.  Walker. 
1870.  Theo.  F.  Walker. 


1871.  Joehua  B.  Sickler. 
187.3-74,  Samuel  W.  Lamb. 
1876-76.  Joshua  G.  Edwards. 
1877-78.  Joseph  T.  Wood. 
1870.  Samuel  ShafTor. 
1880.  Joseph  T.  Wood. 
1881-86.  Edward  M.  Murphy. 


Assessors. 


1863-64,  Robert  Henderson. 
1865-71.  John  North,  Sr. 


1876-70.  Joshua  B.  Sickler. 
1880-86.  Edward  J.  Coles. 


Collectors. — In  this  period  the  township  collect- 
ors have  been  Samuel  P.  Chew,  Van  Buren  Giffin 
and  Joseph  T.  Wood. 


AUTOGRAPHS  OF    SETTLERS  IN  THE   TERRITORY  OF   OLD  GLOUCESTER 

TOWNSHIP. 


t^v  e^^'ufU 


k  first'settler.    Sheriff  of  old  Gloucester  County.    Died  1718, 
leaving  one  son,  Jacob. 


A  first  settler,  and  the  owner  of  large  tracts  of 

land.     Died  1706-     Had  sons  John, 

Ellas,  Joseph  and  Charles. 


A  first  settler.    Lawyer  "and  King's  attorney.    Died    1719. 

Had  sons  Ephraim,  Joseph,  Ebenezer,  Eichard, 

John,  Othniel  and  William. 


Eldest  son  of  John,  the  emigrant. 

Died  1780.    Had  sons  Joseph, 

Gabriel,  John,  Elias 

and  Jacob. 


Son  of  Joseph,  the  emigrant.    Died  1758, 
leaving  sons  Joseph  and  Samuel. 


Youngest  son  of  John,  Jr.,  the   son  of 
John,  the  emigrant. 


A  first  settler.   Died  1716.    Had  sons 
Samuel,  John  and  Josiah. 


One   of  the  first  Newton  settlers.     Died  in 
1702,  and  left  sons  Benjamin  and  Thomas. 


Came  from  Long  Island.    Married  Mary 

Thorne,  and  had  sons  Thomas, 

John  T.,  Samuel,  Isaac, 

Joseph  and  Jacob. 


^,  .of  -Cd 


^7-7    C-^^ 


/ 


Son  of  Jacob  the  first  settler.    He  was  a 
practical  surveyor  of  Haddonfield. 


678 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Justices  of  the  Peace.— The  justices  of  the  peace 
in  the  same  length  of  time  were,— 

Joshua  B.  Sickler.  Wm,  B.  Bettlo. 

John  North,  Sr.  Kobert  Henderson. 

Theodore  F.  Walker.  Jacob  I.  Sayers. 

Benjamin  WilUamB.  Bobert  Henderson. 

Jonathan  W.  Oheoaeman.  Jacob  C.  Lippincott. 

Edward  M.  Murphy.  Charles  Alexander. 
John  H,  Magee. 

The  only  accounts  obtainable,  from  any  of  the 
records  which  have  been  preserved,  pertain  to  the 
division  of  the  township  into  road  districts,  in 
1829.  James  D.  Dotterer,  Samuel  M.  Thorn  and 
William  Monroe  were  the  township  committee 
that  year,  and  the  following  were  the  overseers : 
William  Peacock,  Josiah  Ware,  Josiah  Albertson, 
Jesse  King,  Isaac  Hugg,  Jonathan  Powell,  Rich- 
ard Settle,  David  Albertson  and  Jacob  Ware. 

VILLAGES. 

In  the  northwestern  part  of  the  township,  on  the 
turnpike  of  the  same  name,  is  the  old  hamlet  of 
White  Horse,  so  called  from  the  old  tavern  whose 
sign  was  adorned  with  the  figure  of  a  white  horse. 
Previous  to  the  building  of  the  railroad  it  was  a 
popular  stopping-place  for  travelers  from  Phil- 
adelphia to  Egg  Harbor,  but  for  many  years  has 
had  a  limited  local  patronage  only.  Among  those 
best  remembered  as  keepers  have  been  Ephraim 
Hillman,  Joseph  Wolohon,  Minor  Rogers,  John 
Sharp,  William  Carson  and  the  present  Erastus 
Davis.  Half  a  dozen  houses  and  shops  were  built 
in  this  locality,  the  latter  being  yet  carried  on. 
Soon  after  the  building  of  the  Camden  and  At- 
lantic Railroad  a  station  was  located  near  this 
place,  which  also  bore  the  name  of  White  Horse; 
and  for  a  time  there  was  a  post-ofBce,  with  the 
same  name.  After  its  discontinuance,  another 
office  was  established,  with  the  name  of  Marl 
City,  whose  use  was  prostituted  by  unscrupulous 
Philadelphia  parties,  when  the  department  discon- 
tinued it.  About  fifteen  years  ago  a  new  post- 
office  Was  established  with  the  name  of 

KlEKWOOD,  in  compliment  to  Joel  P.  Kirkbride, 
an  influential  farmer  living  in  Waterford,  near  the 
station,  which  also  received  this  name.  Theodore 
B.  Bibbs  was  appointed  postmaster  and  was 
succeeded  by  the  present  incumbent,  Ephraim 
Tomlinson.  The  latter  opened  the  first  regular 
store  in  the  place  in  1870,  building  a  new  store  in 
1886.  Here  are,  also,  the  extensive  ice-houses  of 
the  Wilson  Coal  and  Ice  Company  and  the  fine 
flouring-mill  of  J.  P.  Kirkbride,  the  latter  being 
in  Waterford  township.  Coopers  Creek  was  here 
first  improved  to  operate  a  saw-mill,  but  in  1838  a 
small  grist-mill  was  built,  which  passed  into  the 
hands  of  the  present  owner  in   1850,  and  was  by 


him  improved  to  its  present  condition.  The  mill- 
pond  is  a  large  and  attractive  sheet  of  water,  bor- 
dered on  the  Gloucester  side  by  a  beautiful  grove. 
This  became  the  property  of  the  railroad  company 
a  few  years  ago,  and  was  converted  into 

Lakeside  Park. — These  popular  pleasure-grounds 
embrace  about  seventy  acres  of  land,  well  in- 
closed and  provided  with  the  means  to  secure 
rest  and  enjoyment.  In  the  grove  are  many  native 
pines,  whose  odors  add  to  the  sense  of  enjoyment. 
The  lake  has  been  well  supplied  with  small  boats, 
and  in  the  park  are  many  .devices  to  amuse  and 
recreate  the  wearied  mind  and  body.  The  company 
has  provided  abundant  transportation  facilities, 
which  has  secured  a  liberal  patronage  for  the  park 
from  Philadelphia. 

Kirkwood  Marl  and  Fertilizing  Company  was  or- 
ganized in  January,  1879,  with  John  Lucas,  presi- 
dent ;  Joel  P.  Kirkbride,  secretary  and  treasurer ; 
George  M.  Rogers,  superintendent;  John  F. 
Bodine,  Peter  L.  Voorhees  and  Harvey  Quicksall. 
directors.  The  company  work  the  marl-beds  near 
Kirkwood,  first  developed,  to  a  considerable  ex- 
tent, by  Minor  Rogers,  and  later  worked  by  George 
M.  Rogers,  until  the  present  management  took 
charge  of  them.  The  marl  here  found  is  of  superior 
quality,  lying  about  three  feet  below  the  surface  of 
the  ground,  and  the  bed  has  a  depth  of  fifteen  feet. 
Easy  means  of  shipment  are  provided  by  track 
from  the  railroad,  which  runs  through  the  beds. 
For  the  manufacture  of  fertilizers  suitable  build- 
ings and  machinery  have  been  provided.  About 
twelve  men  are  employed. 

The  discovery  and  use  of  these  fertilizing  agents, 
added  to  the  natural  richness  of  the  soil  in 
this  locality,  has  made  splendid  farm  improve- 
ments possible.  Among  the  finest  may  be  named 
the  farm-buildings  of  Alexander  Cooper,  E.  W. 
Coffin,  Ephraim  Tomlinson,  J.  P.  Kirkbride  and 
Esaias  E.  Hunt. 

LiNDENWOLD  is  a  projected  suburban  town  on  the 
Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad,  one-half  a  mile 
south  of  Kirkwood.  It  was  founded  in  the  fall  of 
1885,  and  consists  of  two  tracts  of  land,  No.  1  bor- 
dering on  Lakeside  Park,  and  lying  on  both  Hides 
of  the  railroad.  It  contains  n  inety  acres  of  land, 
and  was  the  property  of  John  A.  EUsler.  Tract  No. 
2  adjoins  the  above-described,  and  extends  south- 
ward to  the  White  Horse  turnpike,  having  an  area 
of  one  hundred  and  forty  acres,  which  has  been 
surveyed  into  lots  and  placed  upon  the  market  by 
the  Penn  Guarantee  Trust  Association,  of  which 
Winer  Bedford  is  the  secretary.  The  latter  erected 
the  first  building  in  the  new  town,  which  had,  in 
May,  1880,  a  number  of  residences  in  process  of 


^^t-O'^'^^'l— 


^A-t^-^-^tyl^TJlyr    /^ 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OP  GLOUCESTER. 


679 


construction,  indicating  a  properous  future  for  the 
village. 

The  first  business  place  was  the  office  of  the 
South  Jersey  Advertiser,  published  here  since  Feb- 
ruary, 1886.  The  paper  was  established  at  Cam- 
den, January  1,  1880,  by  0.  E.  Linch,  as  a  seven- 
column  folio,  devoted  to  general  news.  Its  publi- 
cation in  that  city  was  continued  until  November 
15,  1885,  when  the  paper  became  the  property  of 
Frank  T.  Coe,  who  removed  it  to  Clementon,  where 
it  was  published  until  its  transfer  by  Coe  to  Lin- 
denwold.  It  is  now  issued  as  a  six-column  quarto, 
independent  in  politics  and  devoted  to  local  and 
county  news. 

Clementon. — Clementon  is  a  small  village  on 
the  Philadelphia  and  Atlantic  City  Eailroad,  five 
miles  east  of  Chews  Landing.  The  first  improve- 
ments were  on  the  north  branch  of  Timber  Creek, 
which  here  affords  a  good  water-power,  and  con- 
sisted of  small  saw-mills  and  grist-mills.  They  were 
•  gotten  in  operation  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  , 
years  ago  by  Andrew  Newman,  and  one  of  the  early 
owners  was  William  Lawrence,  who  built  part  of 
the  house  which  now  forms  the  Gibbs  mansion. 
Lawrence  had  in  his  service  a  German  redemp- 
tionist,  named  Christopher  Kneiser,  who  succeeded 
to  the  ownership  of  the  property,  removing  after 
a  few  years  to  Philadelphia.  After  his  death 
Samuel  Clement  and  some  business  associates  be- 
came the  owners  of  the  property,  operating  the 
mills  and  also  built  a  glass-factory  some  time  be- 
fore 1825,  which  they  successfully  carried  on  sev- 
eral years.  It  stood  on  a  hill  in  what  is  now  a 
pear-orchard,  opposite  the  residence  of  Cyrus 
Watson,  and  had  an  eight-pot  furnace.  Both  hol- 
low and  flat-ware  were  manufactured,  and  as  this 
was  one  of  the  first  factories  in  this  part  of  the 
country,  it  was  visited  by  a  large  number  of  sight- 
seers, many  sleighing-parties  of  young  people  go- 
ing there  from  long  distances.  These  found  en- 
tertainment in  the  large  gambrel-roofed  house  on 
an  adjoining  lot,  which  was,  at  that  time,  kept  as 
an  inn. 

A  number  of  dwellings  for  the  use  of  the 
operatives  had  been  built  on  the  hill  about  the 
time  the  glass-works  were  located,  some  of  which 
were  removed  many  years  ago.  The  glass-works 
were  discontinued  before  1830,  and,  as  the  em- 
ployees moved  to  Gloucester  County,  the  village 
(which  had  been  called  Clementon,  in  compliment 
to  Samuel  Clement)  was  left  with  nothing  but  its 
milling  interests.  After  bein^  owned  by  Thomas 
Eisdon,  Jonathan  Riley  became  the  owner  of  this 
property,  and  in  the  course  of  years  sold  it  to 
Isaac  Tomlinson,  from  whose  heirs  T.  B.  Gibbs 
82 


and  L.  W.  Snyder   bought  the  mills  in  1872   and 
continued  to  operate  them. 

On  the  same  stream,  some  distance  above,  is  the 
lumber-mill  of  Seth  0.  Bishop,  and  the  Laurel 
Mills,  owned  by  Ephraim  Tomlinson,  both  doing 
good  service 

Ephraim  Tomlinson  is  a  lineal  descendant  of 
Joseph  Tomlinson,  who  came  to  New  Jersey  from 
London,  England,  in  1686,  and  in  his  native  land  was 
a  member  of  Horseleydown  Friends'  Meeting. 
When  Joseph  Tomlinson  arrived  in  this  country  he 
was  apprenticed  to  Thomas  Sharp  to  learn  the  trade 
of  dyeing.  When  he  attained  his  majority  he  en- 
tered eagerly  into  the  political  affairs  of  his  adopted 
country.  He  is  said  to  have  built  the  first  Friends' 
Meeting-house  at  Newton.  He  was  married  in 
1690,  and  located  one  hundred  and  seventeen  acres 
in  Gloucester  township,  adjoining  lands  of  Joseph 
Wood.  In  1695  he  was  chosen  sheriff  of  Glouces- 
ter County,  and  in  1696  was  appointed  King's  at- 
torney, which  position  he  held  for  many  years,  and 
by  hia  ability  and  integrity  retained  the  confidence 
of  his  associates  to  his  death,  in  1719.  His  chil- 
dren were  Ephraim,  Joseph,  Ebenezer,  Eichard, 
John,  Othniel,  William,  Elizabeth,  Mary  and 
Ann.  Elizabeth  married  Bartholomew  Wyatt; 
Ephraim  settled  near  the  old  homestead ;  Joseph 
occupied  the  home  property  ;  John  located  three 
hundred  acres  near  Gravelly  Run  ;  William  moved 
to  Waterford  township  ;  Othniel  removed  to  Salem 
County,  and  in  1753  took  up  his  residence  in  Ches- 
ter County,  Pennsylvania,  near  Concord  Meeting- 
house ;  Ephraim,  son  of  Ephraim,  succeeded  to 
the  homestead.  It  next  became  the  property  of 
Benjamin,  from  whom  it  passed  to  James,  brother 
of  Ephraim  Tomlinson,  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 
The  old  Harding  mill,  owned  by  the  present  Eph- 
raim, is  now  called  Laurel  Mills,  and  adjoins  the 
old  homestead,  situated  on  the  north  branch  of 
Great  Timber  Creek.  Ephraim  Tomlinson,  and 
Sarah,  his  wife,  had  three  cbildreu, ^Ephraim, 
Mary  and  Elizabeth.  He  was  a  minister  in  meet- 
ing, and  walked  from  Timber  Creek  farm  to  New- 
ton Meeting,  the  country  being  mostly  timber 
land,  through  which  he  passed  to  meeting. 

Ephraim,  who  was  born  August  28,  1742,  settled 
on  Timber  Creek,  and  was  married  to  Ann  Olden, 
November  11,  1767.  Their  children  were  Sarah, 
married  to  David  assett ;  Lydia,  who  died  young ; 
Elizabeth,  who  married  John  Inskeep  ;  Catherine, 
who  was  the  wife  of  Eobert  Stiles;  James,  who 
died  in  infancy ;  Joseph,  who  married  Mary  Cooper  | 
Benjamin,  who  married  Frances  Haines  ;  Sarah 
and  Ephraim,  who  died  young.  Benjamin  Tom- 
linson,  by  his   marriage  with    Frances    Haines, 


680 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


had  but  one  child,  Ephraim  Tomlinson,  who  has 
been  long  identified  with  the  business  interests  of 
Gloucester  township.  He  was  but  a  few  days  old 
when  his  mother  died,  January  1807. 

He  married  Sarah  T.  Inskeep,  daughter  of  John 
and  Elizabeth  Inskeep,  of  Evesham,  and  had  the 
following  children:  Elizabeth  I.,  Frances  H.,  Ann, 
died  young;  William  I.,  Edwin,  Martha  H., 
Ephraim  and  B.  Albert. 

Ephraim  Tomlinson  cultivated  three  large  farms, 
grazed  from  forty  to  one  hundred  head  of  cattle 
yearly,  erected  and  conducted  three  stores,  a  saw- 
mill and  flour-mill,  the  mills  being  remodeled  by 
him  later.  One  of  the  tracts  he  cleared  of  tim- 
ber and  made  of  it  a  good  farm.  He  erected 
comfortable  and  substantial  mansions  and  out- 
buildings on  all  of  them.  He  has  been  always 
anxious  to  improve  his  neighborhood,  and  to  lend 
a  helping-hand  to  his  fellow-man,  and  is  conscien- 
tious to  be  just  and  upright  in  all  his  dealings. 
In  1886,  while  in  his  eightieth  year,  he  had 
cleared  a  large  tract  of  land  which  was  entirely 
covered  with  timber  and  brush  ;  it  is  fast  develop- 
ing into  another  good  farm. 

Ephraim  Tomlinson,  in  1873,  retired  from  his 
mill  property  in  Gloucester  township,  and  has 
since  resided  in  Waterford  township.  In  1861  he 
was  elected  a  director  in  the  State  Bank  of  Cam- 
den, and  was  one  of  the  directors  when  the  charter, 
in  1865,  was  changed,  and  the  institution  became 
a  national  bank.  He  held  the  position  as  director 
in  1886,  when  he  resigned,  and  his  son-in-law, 
John  Gill,  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

Like  his  ancestors,  he  attends  the  Society  of 
Friends,  and,  at  the  age  of  eighty  years,  wonder- 
fully preserves  his  mental  and  physical  vigor. 

In  the  old  tavern  building,  long  since  used  as  a 
private  dwelling,  Matthew  Mountainy  opened  the 
first  store  in  the  place,  being  succeeded  by  Jere- 
miah Seeds.  The  latter  afterwards  established  a 
store  on  the  ridge  east  from  this  place,  where  he 
continues  in  trade. 

Additions  to  Clementon  have  been  platted  by 
George  A.  Baghurst  and  others,  and  a  number  of 
houses  have  recently  been  built  for  suburban 
homes  by  business  men  of  Philadelphia.  In  the 
new  additions  are  fine  building  sites  which  will  be 
improved  so  as  to  make  this  a  very  attractive 
place.  The  first  public  building  was  the  Town  Hall, 
erected  in  the  summer  of  1886  by  the  Clementon 
Hall  Association,  which  was  incorporated  with  a 
capital  stock  of  two  thousand  dollars,  June  3, 
1886.  The  members  of  the  association  were  Theo- 
dore B.  Gibbs,  George  A.  Baghurst,  George  H. 
Higgins,  Charles  Bendler,  Thomas  Grist,  John  E. 


Eowand,  Joseph  Lippincott,  E.  W.  Jaggard, 
George  Summerfield,  Abel  Battoms,  Nicholas 
Bryan,  George  CuDum  and  James  S.  Gibbs.  It  is 
a  two-story  frame  structure,  with  sittings  for  three 
hundred  persons.  In  June,  1886,  Clementon  had 
twenty-five  residences,  two  small  stores  and  a  post- 
office. 

Watsontown  is  the  name  applied  to  a  scattered 
hamlet  on  the  Berlin  and  White  Horse  turnpike, 
a  mile  from  Clementon.  The  only  business  inter- 
est is  a  small  store  kept  by  Aaron  C.  Watson.  Near 
this  place,  on  a  branch  of  Timber  Creek,  is  a  mill 
for  refining  and  pulverizing  charcoal,  operated  by 
water-power,  owned  by  John  Eowand  ;  and  a  mile 
distant  is  a  similar  mill,  opei-ated  by  steam-power, 
which  is  the  property  of  Hillman  Eowand. 

Beownstown,  a  hamlet  on  a  branch  of  the  North 
branch  of  Timber  Creek,  is  a  little  more  than  a 
mile  from  Clementon.  It  took  its  name  from  Wil- 
liam Brown,  who  had  a  saw-mill  and  carried  on  a 
'  lumber  business  at  that  place  on  an  extensive  scale. 
After  the  discontinuance  of  the  mill  Brownstown 
became  ordinary  farm  property. 

Davistown  is  a  hamlet  of  colored  people,  hav- 
ing no  business  interests,  and  is  located  a  little 
east  of  the  centre  of  the  township.  It  derived  its 
name  from  Solomon  Davis,  a  venerable  negro, 
who  lived  at  this  point  many  years.  Through  his 
efforts,  assisted  by  the  whites  in  that  locality,  a 
Methodist  meeting-house  for  the  use  of  the  colored 
people  was  there  built  about  1850,  and  has  since 
been  kept  up.  It  is  a  very  plain  building  and  the 
congregation  has  no  regular  preacher. 

Spring  Mills  is  the  name  of  a  manufacturing 
hamlet  on  Great  Timber  Creek,  one  and  a  half 
miles  above  Blackwood.  The  location  is  highly 
picturesque  and  the  water-power  at  this  point  is 
not  excelled  in  this  county.  It  is  utilized  to  the 
extent  of  one  hundred  horse-power,  while  the 
volume  unemployed  is  fully  as  great.  As  early  as 
1810  this  was  the  site  of  the  Bates  &  Wilkins  saw- 
mills, which  later  became  the  property  of  Jacob 
Glover.  The  improvements  were  very  meagre  and 
as  late  as  1836  a  dense  growth  of  tanglewood 
covered  all  but  a  small  clearing  around  the  mill. 
At  that  time  the  Indian  name,  Tetamekon,  was 
frequently  applied  to  the  locality.  About  this 
period  the  advantages  of  this  site  for  manufactur- 
ing purposes  were  recognized,  and,  in  1836,  Carr  & 
Lunt,  of  Philadelphia,  purchased  the  property  and 
established  what  have  since  become  widely  known 
as  the  Spring  Mills  Agricultural  Works.  In  a  few 
years  William  H.  Carr  became  the  sole  owner, 
carrying  on  the  works,  with  Stephen  Bateman  as 
his  manager.     He  was  a  practical  machinist,  from 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


681 


Naugatuck,  Conn.,  and  his  labors  tere  were  char- 
acterized by  the  energy  peculiar  to  the  natives  of 
that  State.  His  first  operations  were  confined  to 
the  manufacture  of  forks  and  shovels,  those  articles 
being  here  made  complete.  The  lumber  used  was 
brought  in  scows  to  Good  Intent,  which  at  that 
time  had  tide-water  communication,  and  was  there 
worked  into  handles.  The  finished  goods  were 
carted  to  Philadelphia,  where  their  superior 
quality  secured  them  a  ready  sale,  and  notwith- 
standing the  disadvantages  of  location,  the  busi- 
ness prospered  so  that  twenty  men  were  employed. 
The  first  building  was  at  the  lower  power,  but 
soon  after  another  set  of  buildings  were  put  up,  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  stream,  for  foundry  pur- 
poses, which  were  carried  on  under  the  superin- 
tendence of  Thomas  Loring,  of  Troy,  N.  Y.  Here 
butt-hinges  were  also  made.  In  1852  this  build- 
ing was  destroyed  by  fire  and  a  part  of  the  building 
now  on  that  site  was  erected  it  its  stead.  In 
October,  1860,  Stephen  Bateman  became  the 
owner  of  the  property,  and  on  the  breaking  out  of 
the  war  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  agricultural 
implements  and  wagons. 

Soon  after  Loring  established  his  foundry  below 
these  works,  improving  a  small  power  for  that 
purpose,  where  he  continued  some  years,  when 
the  place  was  abandoned.  In  October,  1863, 
E.  S.  &  F.  Bateman  assumed  the  business  of 
their  father,  and  continued  to  produce  the  same 
line  of  goods.  Six  years  later  the  manufacture 
of  wagons  was  discontinued,  and  from  that  time 
cultivators  were  made  a  specialty. 

In  1866  the  Patent  Metallic  Company,  of  Phila- 
delphia, bought  a  part  of  the  power  and  put  up 
buildings  for  the  manufacture  of  metallic  roofing^ 
continuing  operations  until  1876,  when  the  factory 
was  transferred  to  Philadelphia.  These  buildings, 
and  others  more  recently  erected,  are  all  occu- 
pied by  the  present  firm  of  E.  S.  &  F.  Bateman. 
E.  L.  Wilson  became  a  partner  in  the  firm  in  1883, 
and  since  1884  they  have  been  the  sole  owners  of 
the  entire  property.  The  plant  embraces  twenty- 
seven  acres  of  land,  several  mansions  and  half  a 
dozen  tenements,  in  addition  to  the  factory  build- 
ings proper. 

These  are  arranged  in  three  groups,  each 
having  its  separate  power,  No.  1  being  devoted 
to  steel-forging  and  wood-working  machinery.  No. 
2  to  polishing  work  and  No.  3  to  iron-forging  and 
general  work.  There  are  also  spacious  storage 
rooms  and  offices.  With  the  aid  of  improved 
machinery  the  capacity  of  the  works  has  been 
greatly  augmented,  without  increasing  the  number 
of  workmen.     In  May,  1886,  the  employees  num- 


bered fifty,  who  manufactured  eighteen  thousand 
"  Iron  Age  Cultivators  "  per  year. 

On  the  turnpike,  near  the  works,  is  the  spacious 
mercantile  house  of  J.  C.  Bradshaw,  erected  in 
1885,  which  is,  in  its  appointments,  complete  be- 
yond the  ordinary  stores  in  small  villages.  Here 
is  kept  the  Spring  Mills  post-office,  of  which  J.  C. 
Bradshaw  has  been  the  postmaster  since  its  estab- 
lishment, in  1876. 

The  Lost  Town  of  Upton. — Upton  was  the 
name  given  to  an  embryo  town ,  founded  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  seventeenth  century  by  some  of  the  first 
settlers  of  old  Gloucester  County.  It  is  supposed 
that  most  of  them  had  located  there  temporarily  only 
after  their  arrival  in  this  country,  in  order  to  se- 
cure the  protection  against  Indian  attacks  which 
such  a  settlement  would  afibrd,  or  until  they  could 
look  about  and  select  permanent  homes.  The 
Indians  proving  peaceable  and  the  town-site  pos- 
sessing no  advantages  to  make  it  a  commercial 
point,  it  was  abandoned  more  than  a  hundred  and 
fifty  years  ago,  and  for  a  long  time  its  very  location 
was  involved  in  doubt;  hence  Upton  is  a  lost 
town. 

It  was  situated  on  the  north  side  of  the  south 
branch  of  Timber  Creek,  near  the  head  of  tide 
navigation,  about  one  and  a  half  miles  below 
Blackwood,  and  derived  its  name  from  Upton, 
in  Berkshire,  England,  where  resided  Thomas 
Staunton,  the  proprietor  of  the  land.  In  1687  he 
sold  it  to  Eichard  Ever,  and  in  1688  the  latter 
disposed  of  his  interests  to  John  Ladd.  The 
same  year  James  Whitall  bought  a  part  of  this 
tract  of  land  and  built  the  first  house  at  Up- 
ton. He  made  a  number  of  improvements  and 
very  likely  opened  the  first  public-house.  In 
1695  John  Hedger,  Thomas  Stephens  and  John 
Too  purchased  lots,  and  real  estate  was  also  bought 
in  1697  by  William  and  Israel  Ward,  in  1698  by 
Thomas  Bull  and  Edward  Williams,  in  1699  by 
Richard  Chew,  in  1700  by  John  Brown,  and  by 
Arthur  Powell  in  1701. 

In  1697  occurred  the  first  wedding  of  the  town, 
of  which  any  record  has  been  preserved,  and  the 
document  is  so  unique  that  it  is  here  produced  in 
its  quaint  form, — 

"  The  sixteenth  of  Novembor,  Anno  1697.  This  may  certify  whom 
it  may  concern  that  I,  George  Ward,  of  ye  Towne  of  Upton  and 
County  of  Gloucestev,  and  Hannah  Waynwright,  of  Woodben-y 
Creek,  have  been  Published  according  to  Law,  and  nothing  appear- 
ing contrary  in  any  wise  to  hinder  them,  they  have  proceeded  at  a 
public  place  appointed  for  that  purpose  as  folioweth  :  Y»  said  George 
standing  up  and  taking  y»  said  Hannah  by  y»  hand,  saith  as  foliow- 
eth :  I  George  Ward,  i  n  y»  presence  of  God  and  this  Assembly,  Take 
Hannah  Waynwright  to  my  Wife,  promising  to  be  a  loving  Husband 
untill  Death  sepperate  ;  and  she,  y  a'd  Hannah  in  like  manner  saith 
—I  Hannah  Waynwright,  in  y«  presence  of  God  and  this  Assembly, 


682 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


take  George  Ward  to  be  my  luisbana,  promising  to  be   a  loueing 
rfaithfuUWife  till  Death  Sepperate. 

her 
"Hannah  X  Waynweisht." 
mark 
bis 
"Geoege  X  Waed. 
mark 

The  persons  present  were, — 

'*  John  Brown.  John  Ashbrook. 

Israel  Ward.  Thomas  Bull. 

William  Ward.  James  Whitall. 

John  Tatum.  Samuel  Taylor. 

Thomas  Gibson.  John  Euno. 

Isaac  Wood.  Elizabeth  Tatum. 

Charles  Crossthwait.  Susannah  Waynwright. 

*'  December  y'>  first  Anno  1697,  The  within  certificate  was  ordered 
to  be  recorded  by 

"  Tho.  Gaednee,  Justice. 
"  December  8,  1691,  Entr.  Exam,  and  Recorded  pr  me, 

"John  Beading,  Rec. 
"  Testes.  John  Heading?^ 

It  is  likely  that  this  George  Ward  was  either  a 
brother  or  son  of  one  of  the  Wards  named  above, 
and  subsequently  he  became  a  land-owner  himself, 
at  what  is  now  Blackwood. 

Kichard  Chew  bought  the  Whitall  property, 
which  was  better  improved  than  the  rest,  as  his 
buildings  appear  to  have  withstood  the  ravages  of 
time  longer  than  the  others  erected  at  this  place, 
which,  being  disused,  soon  went  to  decay.  In  1728 
he  conveyed  the  Whitall  property  to  his  son 
Thomas,  who,  in  1740,  had  a  re-survey  of  the  land 
made,  by  means  of  which  the  location  of  the  ob- 
literated town  was  made  possible.  The  most  of  the 
buildings  ceased  to  serve  their  purposes  soon  after 
1700,  the  tavern  building,  which  was  also  a  farm- 
house, being  one  of  the  last  left  standing.  But 
even  this  was  abandoned  after  more  direct  lines  of 
travel  were  established,  becoming  a  deserted  inn, 
in  a  deserted  village,  not  unlike  the  one  so  faithful- 
ly portrayed  by  Goldsmith, — 

"  Near  yonder  thorn,  that  lifts  its  head  on  high, 
Where  once  the  sign-post  caught  tlie  passing  eye. 
Low  lies  that  house  where  nut-brown  draughts  inspired, 
Where  gray-beard  mirth  and  smiling  toil  retired  ; 
Where  village  statesmen  talked  with  looks  profound, 
And  news  much  older  than  their  ale  went  round." 

The  houses  these  villagers  occupied  when  living 
have  all  passed  away,  butthe  resting-place  of  their 
dead  remains.  They  established  a  grave-yard  on 
the  hill,  near  by,  which  has  been  kept  up  to  the 
.  present  time  and  is  reasonably  well  preserved.  It 
was  formerly  called  Wallan's  grave-yard,  but  is 
now  better  known  as  Powell's.  The  descendants 
of  the  Arthur  Powell  mentioned  heretofore  en- 
larged the  ground  and  put  the  yard  in  good  con- 
dition. Interments  are  yet  occasionally  made  by 
families  whose  ancestors  had  once  resided  at  Up- 
ton. 


Chews  Landing  is  on  the  north  branch  of  Tim- 
ber Creek,  now  the  head  of  tide-water  navigation 
on  that  stream.  By  direct  turnpike  from  Camden  it 
is  distant  nine  miles.  Though  antedating  the 
Eevolution,  and  being  at  one  time  a  place  of  con- 
siderable importance  as  a  shipping  point,  the  place 
has  never  grown  beyond  the  proportions  of  a  strag- 
gling village.  There  are  two  churches,  several 
stores  and  about  thirty  dwellings.  The  name  of 
the  place  was  derived  from  Jeremiah  Chew,  who 
was  a  descendant  of  the  Thomas  Chew  living  at 
Upton.  He  made  some  of  the  first  improvements, 
including  a  wharf,  or  landing,  for  the  flat-boats 
plying  between  this  point  and  Philadelphia,  and 
opened  the  first  tavern.  A  part  of  this  house  is 
still  standing  on  the  hill,  which  is  also  one  of  the 
original  buildings  Before  the  Revolution,  Aaron 
Chew,  the  only  son  of  Jeremiah,  became  the  owner  of 
the  former  building.  It  was  kept  as  a  tavern,  in 
1780,  by  John  Hedger,  and  John  Lewis  had  charge 
of  the  landing. 

An  Incident,  of  the  Revolution. — A  few  years  be- 
fore, this  it  was  the  scene  of  a  stirring  incident. 
Aaron  Chew  and  a  number  of  his  neighbors  had 
espoused  the  patriot  cause,  and,  being  in  the 
neighborhood  of  their  homes,  made  a  visit  to  their 
friends.  Their  presence  was  reported  to  the  British 
who  dispatched  a  party  of  dragoons  to  capture 
them.  They  surrounded  the  tavern,  where  Aaron 
Chew  and  some  of  his  companions  were,  firing  a 
number  of  bullets  into  the  building,  some  of  which 
are  yet  imbedded  in  the  cedar  logs,  of  which  its 
walls  are  constructed.  The  inmates  took  refuge 
in  the  cellar  of  the  house,  and,  thinking  they  had 
a  favorable  opportunity  to  escape,  Aaron  Chew  and 
Josiah  Albertson  attempted  to  run  across  a  small 
field  into  the  woods,  but  were  seized  as  they  were 
passing  over  the  fence.  The  latter  eluded  his  cap- 
tors, but  Chew  was  taken  to  New  York  and  was 
confined  as  a  prisoner  on  Long  Island.  In  1780 
he  was  at  New  Lott,  on  parole,  but  being  a  high- 
spirited  man  and  chafing  under  the  restraint  those 
in  charge  placed  upon  him,  resented  some  of  the 
indignities  to  which  he  was  subjected.  This  caused 
him  to  be  reported  to  the  commandant,  who  wrote 
him  the  following  letter : 

"New  Yoek,  August  16, 1780. 
"  Sir : 

"  Complaint  is  brought  against  you  from  your  Landlord,  that  you 
have  abused  him  and  his  wife.  I  hope  you  will  be  careful  to  con- 
duct yourself  in  such  a  manner  as  becomes  a  prisoner,  and  that  you 
will  not  give  your  Landlord  any  further  cause  of  calling  at  this 
office  to  remonstrate  against  yon,  which  will  prevent  any  further 
trouble. 

"  I  am,  sir,  your  humble  servant, 

"  John  Winslow,  D.  Com.  Prisoners. 
"  Lieut.  Aaron  Chew,   Prisoner  on  parole   at  New  Lott.  Long 
Island.*' 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  GLOUCESTEE. 


683 


Not  long  after,  Chew  was  allowed  to  return 
home,  in  good  health,  and  survived  the  war  a  num- 
ber of  years.  But  he  was  always  outspoken  in  his 
hostility  towards  the  British  and  rejoiced  that  be 
could  live  to  see  his  country  independent  and 
prosperous.  He  died  in  1805  at  the  age  of  fifty- 
four  years  and  is  interred  in  St.  John's  burial- 
ground. 

His  son  Aaron  was  the  father  of  Samuel  P. 
Chew,  who  was  born  in  this  village  August  19, 
1816.  He  was  carefully  educated,  studied  law,  but 
adopted  surveying  as  his  profession.  On  account 
of  his  poor  health  bis  work  was  confined  princi- 
pally to  his  own  neighborhood,  where  it  gave  good 
satisfaction,  as  be  was  careful  and  methodical. 
His  delicate  constitution  predisposed  him  to  con- 
sumption, which  ended  his  life  October  13,  1875. 
As  he  had  no  sons,  he  was  the  last  male  member 
of  the  Chew  family  in  this  part  of  the  county. 

Hannah,  a  daughter  of  Lieutenant  Aaron  Chew, 
the  Revolutionary  soldier,  was  married  to  George 
Hand,  of  Wilmington,  Del.,  but  becoming  a  wid- 
ow, had  for  her  second  husband  John  Clement,  of 
Haddonfield. 

The  elder  Chews  were  in  business  at  Chews 
Landing,  and  had,  as  early  neighbors  and  business 
contemporaries,  Christopher  Sickler  and  family. 
He  lived  at  the  upper  bridge,  where  his  son  Chris- 
topher was  born  in  1774.  After  attaining  man- 
hood the  latter  built  the  house  now  at  that  place 
and  also  conducted  a  store  there  for  some  time. 
Of  his  sons,  John  E.,  born  September  20,  1800, 
became  a  physician  and  later  the  editor  of  a  Cam- 
den paper.  Jazer  and  Joshua,  his  brothers,  engaged 
in  business  at  Chews  Landing.  The  latter  began 
merchandising  near  the  centre  of  the  village  in 
1839,  selling  out  to  Jazer  Sickler  and  began  hotel- 
keeping  near  by.  This  public-house  is  still  con- 
tinued, but  the  old  Chew  tavern  was  converted  into 
a  residence  about  forty  years  ago. 

In  1855,  Joshua  Sickler  opened  another  store 
and  was  appointed  postmaster,  continuing  in  busi- 
ness until  1882,  when  his  son,  Edward  P.,  succeed- 
ed him,  being  the  present  postmaster. 
•  Near  the  old  Chew  tavern  the  North  family  has 
been  engaged  in  merchandising  the  past  fifty  years, 
John  North,  Sr.,  being  the  postmaster  from  1872 
until  his  death  in  1885. 

Chews  Landing  lost  its  importance  as  a  shipping 
point  after  the  country  was  cleared  up  and  there 
was  no  longer  any  wood  or  lumber  for  market,  but 
an  occasional  barge  still  lands  here,  loaded  with  coal 
or  manure  from  Philadelphia.  The  filling  up  of 
the  stream  has  lessened  the  flow  of  the  tide,  which 
is  now  no  more  than  four  feet  at  the  highest.     Be- 


fore the  building  of  the  Camden  and  Atlantic 
Railroad  all  the  eastern  section  of  the  township 
and  much  of  Waterford  shipped  their  heavy  pro- 
duce from  the  Landing.  Several  wharves  were 
maintained,  and  in  addition  to  this  shipping  inter- 
est, boat-building  was  carried  on,  principally  by 
John  North,  Joseph  Wolohon  and  Edmund 
Brewer.  The  latter  built  a  boat  of  about  three 
hundred  tons  capacity  for  Samuel  Merrill,  all  the 
work  being  done  here  except  the  rigging,  which 
was  fitted  up  at  Philadelphia.  Usually  the  capac- 
ity was  from  fifty  to  sixty  tons  and  there  was  but 
one  small  mast.  No  boats  have  lately  been  built, 
and  when  this  interest  was  discontinued  many  in- 
habitants removed  and  Chews  Landing  thenceforth 
became  an  ordinary  country  trading  point. 

The  Village  op  Blackvfood,  the  oldest  and 
largest  village  in  the  township,  is  delightfully  sit- 
uated on  the  main  branch  of  Timber  Creek,  eleven 
miles  southeast  from  Camden  and  six  miles  north- 
east from  Woodbury,  being  connected  with  both 
places  by  good  turnpikes.  It  contains  half  a  doz- 
en business  places,  Presbyterian,  Baptist  and 
Methodist  Churches,  a  good  graded  school  and  a 
number  of  neat  residences.  The  village  proper 
has  about  three  hundred  inhabitants.  Including 
the  hamlets  of  Mechanicsville  and  Good  Intent, 
which  are  in  the  immediate  locality,  the  popula- 
tion is  considerably  increased. 

Eaely  Settlees. — At  ihe  latter  place,  which  is 
partly  in  Gloucester  County,  the  first  improve- 
ments of  a  business  nature  were  made.  In  1701 
George  Ward,  of  the  town  of  Upton,  bought  a 
tract  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  acres  of  land  of 
Thomas  Bull,  of  the  same  place,  and  soon  after 
improved  the  water-power,  which  was  on  this 
land,  by  erecting  small  mills  at  what  is  now  Good 
Intent,  the  buildings  being  just  below  the  present 
bridge.  On  the  16th  of  July,  1705,  George  Ward 
conveyed  to  John  Royton  two  acres  of  the  above 
tract,  "  together  with  one-half  of  the  grist-mill  and 
the  fulling-mill ;  also  one-half  of  the  stream  and 
bank-race  belonging  to  said  mills,  and  the  houses, 
buildings,  press,  coppers  and  the  other  utensils 
proper  and  necessary  to  be  used  for  carrying  on 
the  said  works  of  grinding,  fulling,  dyeing  and 
pressing."  On  the  18th  of  April,  1741,  George 
Ward  sold  ninety-five  acres  of  the  aforesaid  tract . 
of  land  to  John  Blackwood,  and  on  the  24th  of 
the  same  month,  in  1752,  Blackwood  bought  one 
hundred  acres  more,  which  included  what  is  now 
the  site  of  the  village,  which  was  known  many 
years  as  Black woodtown.  It  is  probable  that 
Blackwood  settled  here  about  the  date  of  the  first 
purchase,  for  in  1750  he  was  the  chief  supporter 


684 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


of  and  contributor  to  the  building  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church  on  part  of  liis  lands. 

Meantime,  Charles  Eead  had  become  the  owner 
of  the  old  Ward  mills,  having  purchased  the  same 
at  sheriff's  sale.  In  1759  he  conveyed  them  to 
John  Blactwood,  and  some  years  afterward  his  son 
James  became  the  owner  of  at  least  part  of  the 
property.  Thomas  Wharton  subsequently  owned 
the  mills  and  other  changes  of  ownership  took 
place.  In  1800  they  were  called  Kay's  Mills,  and 
before  1820  the  fulling-mill  had  been  abandoned, 
the  only  improvements  being  a  small  saw  and 
grist-mill. 

Indu-steial  Establishments. —  About  this 
time  Garrett  Newkirk,  of  Philadelphia,  became 
the  owner  of  the  property,  and  in  1829  erected  the 
first  Good  Intent  cloth-mill,  which  was  gotten  in 
operation  the  following  year.  Jonas  Livermore 
was  placed  in  charge  of  the  weaving  department 
and  also  started  the  first  circular-saw  mill  a  year 
or  so  later.  The  factory  building  was  three  stories 
high,  forty  by  sixty  feet,  and  the  mill  was  operated 
upon  satinets.  Some  time  before  1840  it  was  de- 
stroyed by  lire,  but  was  at  once  rebuilt  in  much 
the  same  form  as  at  first.  About  eight  years  later  it 
was  again  burned  down,  when,  after  a  brief  per- 
iod, it  was  erected  in  the  form  that  it  now  appears. 
The  main  building  is  sixty  by  one  hundred  and 
twenty  feet,  one  story  high,  and  is  a  stone  struc- 
ture. The  finishing-house  is  thirty  by  one  hun- 
dred feet  and  two  stories  high. 

The  plant  also  embraces  a  flouring  mill  and 
twenty-two  tenements.  The  property  is  owned  by 
a  company  in  which  Jonas  Livermore  has  a  one- 
fourth  interest,  his  associates  living  outside  of  the 
county. 

Since  the  war  of  1861-65  the  works  have  been 
operated,  under  leases,  by  a  number  of  parties,  in 
the  manufacture  of  woolen  goods,  oil-cloths  and 
last  upon  horse-blankets.  All  but  the  grist-mill 
have  been  inoperative  the  past  few  years,  and,  in 
consequence,  many  of  the  former  employees  have 
removed,  and  the  place  has  lost  its  busy  aspect. 

Old  Hotels  :— At  the  centre  of  the  village  of 
Blackwood,  opposite  the  grave-yard,  is  the  oldest 
building  in  the  place,  which  has,  since  its  erection 
before  the  Eevolution,  been  used  as  a  public-house.' 
In  1790,  Samuel  Blackwood  sold  it  to  Samuel 
Cheeseman  ;  and  nine  years  after,  the  latter  con- 
veyed it  to  Robert  Chew.  At  this  time  John 
Sharp,  Richard  Cheeseman,  Samuel  Strong  and 
John  Morgan  appear  to  have  been  the  owners  of 
the  contiguous  property,  embracing,  in  the  main, 
the  village  as  it  then  was.  Richard  Tice,  David 
Eldridge,  John  Jones,  John  Wilkins  and  David 


Morgan  were  successive  landlords  before  1831, 
when  Edward  Middleton  took  charge;of  the  place. 
His  son-in-law,  Uriah  Norcross,  then  established  a 
line  of  daily  stages  to  Camden,  since  which  period 
the  village  has  had  a  slow  and  uneventful  growth, 
but  each  year  making  a  little  advancement. 

NoRCBOSS  Stage  Lines. — The  stage  lines  estab- 
lished by  Norcross  were  not  confined  to  the  county. 
He  had  a  line  from  Philadelphia  to  Cape  May,  and 
interests  in  lines  to  the  south,  the  east  and  the 
west.  Having  his  headquarters  at  Blackwood,  it 
was,  in  consequence  a  busy  place,  as  he  had  large 
stables  of  horses,  numbering  at  times  more  than 
thirty.  In  the  course  of  years  an  opposition  line 
was  established,  from  the  "  village  to  Camden," 
which  the  old  driver  regarded  as  an  encroachment 
upon  his  rights,  and  determined  to  resent  at  any 
cost.  The  fare  was  reduced  to  a  merely  nominal 
sum,  runners  were  employed  to  solicit  patronage 
and  the  stages  once  started,  reckless  driving  was 
indulged  in.  It  was  no  unusual  thing  for  Nor- 
cross to  fasten  a  large  brush,  formed  out  of  the 
branches  of  cedar  trees,  to  the  rear  of  one  of  his 
vehicles,  and  then  dash  ahead  of  his  rival,  giving 
him  the  full  benefit  of  all  the  dust,  and  often  en- 
abling the  indomitable  Jehu  to  come  in  first  at 
the  finish.  Collisions  were  frequent,  and,  in  con- 
sequence, many  cases  of  litigation  ensued,  which' 
caused  some  diversion  in  the  courts  of  that  day. 

A  well-equipped  line  of  stages  to  Camden  is  still 
maintained,  and  a  daily  line  is  also  run  to  Wood- 
bury. Some  of  the  Middletons  returned  to  Phila- 
delphia, where  Edward  P.  Middleton  amassed  great 
wealth.  He  died,  April  1,  1869,  and  was  buried 
at  Blackwood,  where  a  very  elegant  and  costly 
monument  was  erected  to  his  memory,  and  a  mar- 
ble tomb  placed  over  his  grave. 

In  1845  George  Cheeseman  built  a  brick  house, 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  village,  which  was  kept 
some  years  by  him  and  Charles  Sharp  as  a  temper- 
ance hotel.  In  1852  it  was  converted  into  a  board- 
ing school,  which  was  successfully  carried  on  by 
Professors  Hinds,  Stratton,  Bugbee  and  Hamilton, 
each  having  the  principalship  several  years.  The 
attendance  was  usually  good  and  embraced  among 
the  students  several  young  men  from  Cuba.  In 
1872  a  public  school  was  kept  there  a  short  time, 
when  the  house  was  remodeled,  and  is  now  the 
residence  of  Richard  Stevenson. 

Stores. — Opposite  the  old  tavern  is  an  old  store 
standing,  where  a  number  of  persons  have  been 
engaged  in  trade,  including  Arthur  Brown,  Edward 
Turner,  Richard  and  Joseph  Williams  and  Joseph 
and  Josiah  Wood.  David  Lamb  opened  another 
store  which  was  destroyed  by  fire.       A  third  store 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  G-LOUCESTEE. 


685 


was  opened  by  Arthur  Brown,  near  the  present 
Samuel  Hagerman  stand.  The  latter  is  a  large, 
new  store,  well  appointed  and  fully  stocked.  A 
fourth  store  was  opened  by  Thomas  Ashburner, 
in  the  building  which  had  been  erected  as  ahall  by 
the  Sons  of  Temperance,  where  Edgar  J.  Coles  is  at 
present  in  trade. 

A  complete  list  of  the  physicians  who  practiced 
at  Chews  Landing  and  Blackwood  may  be  found 
in  the  general  medical  chapter.  At  Blackwood, 
Doctor  Henry  E.  Branin  has  been  a  physician  of 
successful  and  extensive  practice  since  1858,  hav- 
ing as  his  contemporary,  at  this  time.  Doctor 
Joseph  E.  Huoff. 

Mechanicstille  is  on  the  Camden  turnpike, 
a  mile  from  Blackwood,  and  contains  fifteen  houses. 
There  were  formerly  several  small  stores,  and  a  few 
mechanic  shops  are  yet  maintained,  from  which 
circumstance  the  hamlet  took  its  name.  Its  situa- 
tion between  Blackwood  and  Chews  Landing  is 
unfavorable  to  its  becoming  a  business  point. 

churches. 

The  Peesbytekiait  Chttrch  at  Blackwood.^ 
— The  early  history  of  the  Presbyterian  congrega- 
tion of  this  village  is  somewhat  obscure,  but 
judging  from  a  minute  in  the  records  of  the 
Presbytery  of  New  Brunswick,  at  its  session  held 
in  Philadelphia,  November  7,  1750,  it  must  have 
been  in  existence  at  that  date,  as  a  call  was  then 
extended  to  Benjamin  Chestnut  to  become  the 
pastor,  in  connection  with  the  congregations  at 
Penn's  Neck  and  Woodbury.  He  had  been  received 
by  the  Presbytery  the  preceding  year  and  was  the 
first  minister  whose  pastoral  connection  with  these 
churches  is  recorded.  But  there  are  no  means  to 
determine  who  composed  the  Congregation  at  the 
head  of  Timber  Creek,  nor  is  it  known  where  the 
first  meetings  were  held.  On  the  22d  of  May, 
1761,  Mr.  Chestnut  formally  accepted  the  call  which 
had  been  extended  to  him,  and,  on  the  3d  of  July, 
the  same  year,  was  ordained  to  the  ministry. 

In  the  mean  time  the  people  of  this  place  felt  the 
necessity  of  having  a  house  of  worship  and  "pro- 
posed to  use  their  joint  endeavors  to  erect  a  house 
or  Presbyterian  Church  for  public  worship  in  some 
convenient  place,"  and  accordingly  obtained  from 
John  Blackwood,  October  18,  1751,  one  month 
after  Mr.  Chestnut's  ordination,  one  acre  of  land, 
upon  which  to  build  the  house,  this  acre  being  a 
part  of  the  present  burial-ground.  Mr.  Blackwood 
being  a  Scotchman  and  a  stanch  Presbyterian, 
was  foremost  in  this  good  work.  He  gave  the 
people  the  lot  for  a  merely  nominal  consideration, 

'  Compiled  from  sketches  by  Bev.  F.  K.  Brace  and  Dr.  Everitt. 


two  shillings  and  sixpence,  and  undertook  the  work 
of  building  the  church.  The  trustees  were  Michael 
Fisher,  Esq.,  Joseph  Hedger,  Peter  Cheesman, 
John  McColloch,  Lazarus  Pine  and  Henry  Thome. 
The  people  subscribed  toward  the  enterprise,  but 
some  were  slow  to  pay  their  subscriptions  (a  fault 
not  confined  to  those  early  days),  as  we  learn  from 
the  records  of  Presbytery  that  "  Mr.  John  Black- 
wood, of  the  congregation  of  Timber  Creek,  repre- 
sented to  the  Presbytery,"  May  12,  1756,  nearly 
five  years  afterward,  "that  being  employed  by  the 
said  congregation  to  carry  on  the  work  of  building 
their  meeting-house,  he  has  suffered  much  in  his 
worldly  interest  by  the  refusal  of  many  persons  to 
pay  their  Subscriptions  for  that  purpose,  and  having 
no  way  to  be  relieved  in  that  case,  requested  the 
assistance  of  the  Presbytery.  Presbytery  therefore 
recommended  to  the  congregation  of  Timber  Creek 
to  consider  Mr.  Blackwood's  case,  and  by  their 
subscriptions,  or  otherwise,  to  help  make  up  his 
loss  according  to  their  ability,  and  especially  as 
said  meeting-house  is  for  the  public  use  of  the 
society,  and  erected  at  their  desire ;  and  the  Pres- 
bytery does  appoint  Mr.  Lawrence  to  preach  there 
on  Thursday  next  and  endeavor  to  inculcate  the 
same." 

This  action  of  the  Presbytery,  in  appointing  Mr. 
Lawrence  to  preach,  was  made  necessary  on  ac- 
count of  Mr.  Chestnut's  leaving  the  congregation, 
in  1753.  Soon  after  he  began  his  ministry  here 
trouble  arose  between  him  and  some  of  the  mem- 
bers, which  caused  the  Presbytery  to  dismiss  him, 
at  his  request.  May  17,  1753.  He  continued  to 
supply  the  congregation  a  few  months  after  this, 
but,  in  November  1753,  removed  to  New  Prov- 
idence, where  he  remained  a  period  of  fourteen 
years. 

During  this  time  the  congregations  were  supplied 
with  preaching  a  few  Sabbaths  each  year  by  Mes- 
srs. Greenman,  Lawrence,  Hunter,  Marten,  Ram- 
sey, Beatty,  Williams  and  John  Brainerd.  In  Oc- 
tober, 1766,  an  unsuccessful  effort  was  made  to  se- 
cure the  latter  as  pastor,  and  the  following  year 
Benjamin  Chestnut  moved  to  Blackwood  and  be- 
gan supplying  the  pulpits  of  that  church  and  those 
of  Long-a- Coming  and  Woodbury.  A  few  years 
later  a  difficulty  arose  with  the  congregation  at 
Woodbui-y  on  account  of  the  congregations  not 
having  separate  church  organizations,  which  be- 
came a  matter  of  consideration  for  the  Presbytery, 
November  7,  1769,  on  the  petition  of  the  following 
thirty-three  members  of  the  congregation  at  Tim- 
ber Creek :  Lazarus  Pine,  Peter  Cheesman,  Samuel 
Perce,  Randal  Morgan,  Isaac  Flaningam,  David 
Morgan,  Richard  Cheesman,  Richard  Cheesman, 


686 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


Jr.,  John  Walling,  Uriah  Cheesman,  Christopher 
Siclder,  John  Hedger,  Jonathan  Wilkins,  Peter 
String,  Eiohard  Chessman,  younger,  Eichard 
Smallwood,  Israel  Williams,  John  Williams,  Rob- 
ert Maffat,  William  Jolly,  Eandal  Marshall,  Thom- 
as Nightingale,  Patrick  Flaningam,  Isaac  Dilkes, 
George  Morgan,  Abraham  Morgan,  Benjamin 
Brown,  John  Rodgers,  James  Perce,  William 
Perce,  Jacob  Burch,  Samuel  Wild  and  William 
Kidd. 

In  answer  to  which,  Presbytery  could  only  say 
that  as  there  were  no  commissioners  from  Wood- 
bury, and  the  minutes  of  the  committee  appointed 
to  settle  the  matter  were  not  present,  they  would 
defer  it  to  their  next  meeting.  The  whole  differ- 
ence was  afterwards  amicably  adjusted  by  the  two 
congregations  on  the  following  basis  : 

"1st.  That  the  congregations  at  the  head  of 
Timber  Creek  and  Woodbury  be  considered  as 
separate  congregations  under  the  pastoral  care  of 
one  minister. 

"  2d.  That  Timber  Creek  and  Woodbury,  though 
separate  congregations,  have  but  one  session. 

"  3d.  That  each  congregation  choose  their  own 
officers  and  keep  separate  subscriptions,  and  have 
equal   service  of  the  ministerial  labors   of  their 

minister. 

''4th.  That  the  parsonage  entirely  belong  to 
the  congregation  at  the  head  of  Timber  Creek,  and 
what  money  Woodbury  people  have  given  or  may 
give  towards  the  parsonage  land  or  building  a 
house  thereon,  shall  be  repaid  by  the  Timber 
Creek  people  again  when  Woodbury  people  shall 
purchase  a  parsonage  or  build  a  house." 

This  was  in  November,  1770. 

The  parsonage  property  was  sold  by  David 
Morgan  to  Michael  Fisher,  Esq.,  David  Roe,  Laz- 
arus Pine,  Peter  Cheesman,  Randal  W.  Morgan, 
Samuel  Blackwood  and  Abraham  Roe,  October  18, 
1765,  for  the  sum  of  one  hundred  and  sixty-five 
pounds  proclamation  money,  "under  this  trust  and 
confidence,  that  these  men  shall  and  will  from 
time  to  time,  and  at  all  times  hereafter,  permit  and 
suffer  the  Ministers  and  Elders  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Timber  Creek,  to  receive  and  take  the 
rents,  issues  and  profits  of  the  said  estate,  to  and 
for  the  use,  support  and  maintenance  of  such  min- 
ister, who  shall  be  duly  approved  of  and  appointed 
by  the  First  Presbytery  of  Philadelphia;  and  also 
to  sell  and  convey  the  same." 

Mr.  Chestnut  lived  in  the  parsonage  until  his 
death,  July  21,  1775,  when  he  was  interred  in  the 
grave-yard  connected  with  the  church.  In  1851 
the  congregation  at  Blackwood  erected  a  plain 
tomb-stone  over  his  grave,  which  has  since  mark- 


ed his  resting-place.  His  later  labors  were  more 
successful  than  the  first,  and  it  is  said  that  the  whole 
region  was  under  Presbyterian  influence. 

After  Mr.  Chestnut's  death,  dark  days  of  adver- 
sity overtook  the  church.  Most  of  the  male  mem- 
bers left  their  homes  to  engage  in  the  patriotic 
struggle  of  the  Revolution,  and  no  doubt  many  of 
them  laid  dowQ  their  lives  in  defense  of  the  glor- 
ious principles  of  liberty  for  which  the  people 
fought. 

Dr.  Everitt  writes:  "In  1776  John  Brainerd 
preached  on  the  text :  '  Blessed  be  the  Lord,  my 
strength,  which  teacheth  my  hands  to  war  and  my 
fingers  to  fight ! '  He  appealed  to  the  people  to 
enlist  and  fight  for  their  country.  His  congrega- 
tion was  deeply  impressed.  Tears  flowed  freely. 
Stout  hearts  and  strong  wills  that  day  resolved  to 
join  the  American  army.  Randal  Morgan  and 
his  two  sons,  Lazarus  Pine  and  his  sons,  John 
Hedger,  David  Morgan,  Richard  Cheeseman  and 
his  son  all  served  in  the  war,  and  others  no  doubt 
enlisted." 

The  ministers  who  occasionally  supplied  the 
church  from  1775  to  1786  were  Messrs.  Grier,  Ea- 
kin,  Hunter,  Greenman,  Dufiield  and  Dr.  Sproat, 
giving  the  people  two  or  three  services  on  Sab- 
baths between  the  semi-annual  sessions  of  Pres- 
bytery ;  and  this  was  all  that  could  be  furnished 
to  keep  alive  the  congregation  in  this  place. 

"  By  the  end  of  the  war  there  was  a  sad  decline  in 
the  church.  Lazarus  Pine,  of  all  the  leading  men, 
was  alone  left  to  look  after  its  interests.  No  new 
members  had  been  received  and  the  church  build- 
ing had  become  dilapidated.  The  old  church  was 
without  windows  and  doors  and  served  as  a  play- 
house for  boys  by  day  and  a  stable  for  sheep  at 
night.  The  tavern  on  the  opposiie  corner  fur- 
nished, at  times,  a  drunken  rabble  that  held  fiend- 
ish orgies  about  the  holy  grouud,  and  the  burial- 
place  of  our  fathers  was  rooted  over  by  swine  and 
pastured  over  by  drovers'  herds.  The  communi- 
ty had  sunken  to  a  very  low  depth  of  degradation, 
and  drunkenness,  rioting,  profanity  and  debasing 
sports  abounded.  As  an  instance  of  the  state  of 
the  morals  at  that  time,  it  is  said  that  a  sleighing 
party  was  holding  a  midnight  dance  at  a  tavern  in 
the  neighborhood,  when  one  of  their  number  fell 
down  dead.  His  comrades  stopped  their  revels 
only  long  enough  to  remove  the  corpse  to  the  side 
of  the  room  and  cover  it  up  with  a  blanket,  and 
then  went  on  with  their  carousals." 

Mr.  Hunter,  who  also  served  as  a  chaplain  in 
the  Continental  army,  preached  at  Blackwood 
more  frequently  than  any  other  supply,  continuing 
until  1797,  when  he  removed  from  this  part  of  the 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


687 


State.  In  the  spring  of  1799,  Thomas  Pioton 
was  called  by  the  foregoing  congregations,  and 
was  ordained  to  the  ministry  June  13th  of  that 
year.  On  the  4th  of  June,  1801,  a  meeting  of  the 
session  of  elders  was  held  at  Blackwoodtown  (the 
records  for  the  first  time  calling  the  church  by  that 
name),  and  church  work  was  again  practically 
begun.  Charles  Ogden  was  present  as  the  ruling 
Elder,  having  been  ordained  to  that  office  Novem- 
ber 20,  1799.  He  served  in  that  capacity  until  his 
death,  in  1824.  On  the  12th  of  September,  that 
year,  Henry  Eoe  and  William  Tatum  were  or- 
dained elders,  the  former  only  serving  any  length 
of  time. 

Mr.  Picton  labored  in  this  field  until  1804,  when, 
on  account  of  inadequate  support,  he  requested  the 
Presbytery  to  release  him  from  his  charge.  The 
congregation  was  cited  to  show  cause"  why  this 
should  not  be  done,  and  on  November  12th,  at  an 
adjourned  meeting,  the  commissioners  of  the  united 
congregations  declared  that  they  were  not  able  to 
give  Mr.  Picton  the  support  he  deserved,  and  so 
were  obliged  to  acquiesce,  though  with  regret,  to 
the  dissolution ;  whereupon  the  relation  was  dis- 
solved. 

When  Mr.  Picton  came  among  this  people  the 
old  church  was  in  a  dilapidated  condition.  The 
floor  was  nearly  all  gone,  the  door  off  its  hinges 
and  most  of  the  windows  out.  The  seats  were 
slabs  placed  upon  blocks  of  wood.  At  recess  the 
children  of  the  school  collected  in  the  rickety 
building  to  play.  In  1801  a  new  church  was  built 
a  little  in  the  rear  of  the  present  one,  which  stood 
until  1848 — a  very  commodious  little  church, 
where  much  good  service  was  done  for  the  cause  of 
religion. 

For  four  years  the  church  was  dependent  on 
supplies.  Rev.  Na:thaniel  Todd  becoming  the  next 
pastor,  in  1808,  continuing  until  1815.  For  several 
years  there  was  no  preaching,  and  in  1821  the  only 
communicants  appear  to  have  been  Samuel  Pierce, 
John  Goddard  and  Margaret  Goddard,  besides 
Elder  Ogden.  In  this  period  the  pulpit  was  sup- 
plied by  William  Eaflferty,  Ira  Ingraham  and 
Joseph  H.  Jones.  The  latter  had  a  successful 
ministry,  increasing  the  members  to  nine  by  the 
end  of  1824.  The  following  year  Rev.  Sylvester 
Scovel  took  charge  of  the  church  and  remained  a 
little  more  than  three  years.  He  was  not  installed 
pastor,  but  acted  as  stated  supply.  During  his 
ministry  twelve  were  added  to  the  church.  In 
1828,  May  3d,  Major  Peter  Cheesman  was  ordained 
elder  over  this  church,  thus  giving  it  a  separate  or- 
ganization from  Woodbury,  and  better  preparing 
it  for  its  great  work.  Two  members  died  during 
83 


Mr.  Scovel's  ministry,  one  was  dismissed  to  a  sister 
church  and  one  was  suspended  from  the  communion. 
It  may  be  interesting  to  know  the  names  of  the 
members  of  the  church  received  before  and  during 
Mr.  Scovel's  ministry.  They  were  Samuel  Pierce, 
John  Goddard,  Margaret  Goddard,  Martha  Pierce, 
Elizabeth  Dotterer,  Rebecca  Chew,  Sarah  Pierce, 
Eleanor  Morgan,  Rebecca  Pierce,  Peter  Cheesman, 
Sarah  Cheesman,  Sarah  Ann  Cheesman,  Margaret 
Pierce,  Amy  Jaggard,  Beulah  Elkinton  Wilkins, 
Sophia  Charles,  Elizabeth  Morgan,  Matilda  Ash- 
ton  Jaggard,  Hannah  Zane,  Cynthia  Ann  Jaggard, 
Sarah  Ann  Marshall. 

Mr.  Scovel  left  September  1,  1828,  and  for  a  lit- 
tle more  than  a  year  the  pulpit  was  supplied,  when 
Charles  Williamson  began  a  pastorate  which  con- 
tinued seven  years,  when  it  was  terminated  on  ac- 
count of  inadequate  support. 

Mr.  Randal  W.  Morgan  was  elected  and  ordained 
elder  August  10,  1834,  and  served  the  church 
fourteen  years,  when  he  passed  to  his  reward. 

June  18,  1887,  Rev.  S.  D.  Blythe  received  a  call 
from  the  united  churches  at  a  salary  of  eight  hun- 
dred dollars, — five  hundred  dollars  from  Woodbury 
and  three  hundred  from  Blackwoodtown.  He  com- 
menced his  labors  July  4th  of  that  year.  Besides 
preaching  regularly  on  the  Sabbath,  he  taught 
school  during  the  week,  until  he  failed  in  health, 
and  was  obliged  to  give  up  teaching.  In  1842, 
July  6th,  herequested  his  congregation  to  unite  with 
him  in  seeking  a  dissolution  ot  the  pastoral  rela- 
tion, but  they  were  unwilling  to  part  with  him,  and 
he  remained  until  his  death,  June  23, 1843.  His 
labors  were  greatly  blessed,  and  were  the  means  of 
establishing  firmly  the  church  in  this  community. 
Thirty-four  members  were  received  by  him,  fifteen 
of  whom  are  still  with  the  church.  The  first  year 
of  his  ministry  Samuel  Coles  and  Jonas  Liver- 
more  were  elected  and  ordained  elders,  October, 
1837.  Mr.  Coles  served  the  church  nearly  six- 
teen years,  up  to  the  time  of  his  death. 

In  September,  1839,  the  total  membership  of  the 
church  was  fifty-three.  As  the  membership  in- 
creased in  numbers,  they  began  to  think  of  the 
propriety  of  having  a  minister  who  should  give  all 
his  time  to  this  field.  The  interests  of  the  con- 
gregation seemed  to  them  to  require  it ;  and 
although  not  strong  in  numbers,  or  in  pecuni- 
ary ability,  they  finally  determined  to  undertake 
the  work  of  supporting  a  minister  who  should  de- 
vote himself  to  this  particular  field.  In  the  spring 
of  1843  they  secured  the  services  of  Rev.  John 
Burtt,  who  continued  as  their  minister  until  the 
spring  of  1859, — sixteen  years, — -when,  on  account 
of  failing  health,  he  requested  the  consent  of  session 


688 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


to  his  resignation  of  his  relation  as  stated  supply. 
His  resignation  was  accepted.  During  his  ministry 
there  were  received  into  the  membership  of  the 
church  seventy  persons,  of  whom  twenty-eight  are 
still  members.  The  others,  with  the  exception  of 
one,  have  died  or  been  dismissed  to  other  churches. 
Mr.  Burtt  did  good  work  for  the  cause  here,  by  his 
clear,  forcible  and  solid  preaching.  He  gave 
strength  and  permanency  to  the  work  that  had 
already  been  begun,  and  when  he  left  it,  it  was  in 
a  fit  condition  for  the  rapid  growth  and  prosperity 
that  took  place  under  his  youthful  and  zealous 
successor,  Eev.  B.  S.  Everitt.  In  1848  Mr.  Burtt 
signified  to  the  session  his  desire  to  leave,  but  after 
due  consideration  it  was  thought  best  that,  pro- 
vided the  church  should  proceed  to  the  erection  of 
a  new  edifice  for  public  worship,  he  should  continue 
his  labors,  and  so  he  agreed  to  postpone  the  sub- 
ject. The  work  was  soon  commenced,  and  the 
church  now  in  use  was  erected. 

The  people  built  for  his  a-e  the  present  com- 
modious parsonage. 

William  Stevenson  was  elected  and  ordained 
elder  June  18,  1848  ;  Samuel  Eckel  and  Charles 
Stevenson,  March  27,  1852.  Mr.  Eckel  died  after 
a  short  service  of  two  years.  Randal  E.  Mor- 
gan was  ordained  March  26,  1854. 

Rev.  B.  S.  Everitt  became  pastor  of  this  church 
in  June,  1859,  and  remained  until  May,  1864,  five 
\  ears.  His  ministry  was  very  successful  indeed, 
one  hundred  and  four  members  having  been  added 
to  the  church,  of  whom  fifty  four  are  still  members. 
The  church  building  became  too  small  for  the 
worshippers,  and  it  was  determined  either  to  en- 
large or  build  a  new  house  of  worship.  It  was 
finally  resolved  to  enlarge,  and  about  fourteen  feet 
were  added  to  the  building,  making  it  its  present 
size.     This  was  done  in  1861. 

In  1861  D.  E.  Marshall  and  0.  E.  Pierson  were 
elected  ruling  elders. 

After  Mr.  Everitt's  departure.  Rev.  Charles  Wood 
was  called,  August  16,  1864.  During  his  minis- 
try twenty-two  were  received,  of  whom  sixteen  still 
remain.  Mr.  Wood  labored  very  earnestly  and  zeal- 
ously. During  his  and  Mr.  Everitt's  and  Mr. 
Burtt's  pastorates  the  Sunday-school  was  in  a  very 
flourishing  condition. 

In  February,  1867,  Mr.  Wood's  pastorate  was 
closed,  and  in  March,  the  same  year,  the  present 
pastor,  the  Rev.  F.  R.  Brace,  began  a  successful 
ministry,  which  has  been  continuous  to  this  period. 
In  1876  Richard  B.  Stevenson  and  Samuel  N. 
Chase  were  added  to  the  session  of  ruling  elders. 
In  1880  a  lecture-room,  twenty-four  by  forty-eight 
feet,  was  built  in  the  rear  of  the  chapel,  and,  in 


1886,  the  church  was  renovated  at  an  expense  of 
one  thousand  dollars.  In  1886  there  were  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty-five  members,  and  the  moneys  raised 
for  all  purposes  amounted  to  about  one  thousand 
six  hundred  dollars  per  year.  The  church  proper- 
ty was  in  good  condition  and  was  in  charge  of 
Trustees  Jonas  Livermore,  Richard  B.  Stephen- 
son, Samuel  N.  Chase,  Joseph  M,  Coles,  Ellison 
Turner,  Wm.  P.  Wilcox  and  Frank  Bateman. 

In  the  grave-yard  the  interment  of  the  following 
aged  persons  was  noted  : 

Lazarus  Pine,  died  1796,  aged  eighty  years. 
Jonathan  Pine,  died  1876,  aged  eighty-six  years. 
James  Pine,  died  1863.  aged  eighty-two  years. 
Ann  Pine,  died  1872,  aged  eighty-six  years. 
Jonathan  Williams,  died  1848,  aged  seventy-two  years, 
'rerhard  Wood,  died  1879,  aged  eighty-three  years. 
Mjiry  Leek,  died  1866,  aged  eighty  years, 
Joseph  Smallwood,  died  1870,  aged  seventy-four  years. 
Diademia  Smallwood,  aged  1872,  aged  seventy-three  years. 
Isaacs.  Collins,  died  1840,  aged  sixty-six  years. 
Robert  Jaggard,  died  1844,  aged  forty-six  years. 
Charles  Wilkins  died  1836,  aged  thirty-eight  years. 

St.  John's  Peotestant  Episcopal  Church,' 
at  Chews  Landing,  was  founded  in  1789.  Prior  to 
the  organization  of  the  parish,  that  year,  the  bap- 
tism of  several  children,  by  Episcopal  clergymen, 
is  recorded,  indicating  that  meetings  may  have 
been  held  in  this  locality  some  time  previous  to 
the  formation  of  the  church.  On  the  6th  of  Sep- 
tember, 1789,  Rev.  Levi  Heath  commenced  to 
hold  services  regularly,  and  gathered  together  the 
adherents  of  the  Episcopal  faith,  who  organized 
themselves  as  a  parish  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  on  the  14th  day  of  November,  1789.  There 
being  no  church  building  in  which  to  worship, 
measures  were  taken  at  this  meeting  to  secure 
funds  to  build  a  church,  and  a  subscription  list 
was  circulated,  which  was  headed  by  Aaron  Chew 
and  Joseph  Hall  Fleming,  After  these  names 
many  others  followed,  some  of  the  surnames  being 
still  borne  in  the  southern  part  of  the  county. 

After  matters  had  somewhat  progressed,  and  a 
deficiency  of  means  to  complete  the  church  had 
been  discovered,  another  list  was  prepared,  which 
Aaron  Chew  took  to  Philadelphia,  October  1, 1791, 
where  he  received  material  encouragement  from 
many  of  the  citizens,  which  enabled  the  parish  to 
complete  its  church. 

The  determinatioa  to  build  this  church  was 
made  at  a  meeting  held  December  12,  1789,  when 
it  was  resolved  to  build  "  on  the  one  acre  of  land 
that  was  given  by  Isaac  Jones,  of  the  city  of  Phil- 
adelphia, executor  to  the  estate  of  Samuel  Wefh- 
erill,  late  of  the  city  of  Burlington,  deceased, 
bounded  by  the  lands  of  Aaron  Chew,  the  said 

1  From  data  collected  by  the  Rev.  William  Matthias. 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


689 


Isaac  Jones  and  the  Landing  road  from  Long-a- 
Coming  to  Chews  Landing."  Another  minute  in 
the  records  follows,— 

"Gloucester  township,  August  12,  1790.  The  Protestant  Episco- 
pal Church,  formerly  known  by  the  name  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, wa*  raised  this  day,  near  the  head  of  Timber  Creek,  in  said 
township,  and  was  named  by  some  of  the  contributors  present 
Saint  John's  Church,  after  our  Lord's  beloved  disciple.  Saint  John." 

The  church  was  a  frame  building,  having  the 
general  appearance  of  a  two-story  dwelling-house, 
and  stood  in  the  burial-ground  which  was  opened 
on  the  aforesaid  acre  of  land.  It  was  small  and 
plain,  but  compared  favorably  with  the  other 
buildings  in  the  neighborhood. 

On  the  same  day  the  church  was  raised  the  first 
trustees  were  elected,  whose  names  were  John 
Hider,  Eichard  Cheeseman,  John  Thorn,  Joseph 
Hall  Fleming,  John  Marshall,  St.,  Ephraim 
Cheeseman  and  Jacob  Phifier.  But  it  was  deter- 
mined, May  1,  1791,  to  discontinue  this  board  of 
trustees,  and  elect  in  their  stead  two  wardens  and 
twelve  vestrymen.  Accordingly  were  chosen  Jo- 
seph Hall  Fleming  and  Ephraim  Cheeseman  as 
wardens;  John  Hider,  Joseph  Hugg,  Eichard 
Cheeseman,  John  Marshall,  Jacob  Phifier,  Adam 
Batt,  John  Sanders,  John  Thorn,  Samuel  Harri- 
son, Jr.,  Jacob  Sickler,  George  Ott  and  Jacob 
Griflith  as  vestrymen. 

The  number  of  the  vestrymen,  exclusive  of  the 
wardens,  was  reduced  to  seven  the  following  year, 
and,  in  1795,  no  election  seems  to  have  taken 
place  at  all,  Aaron  Chew  "  being  appointed  to 
keep  the  records."  In  the  fall  of  1799  two  war- 
dens and  seven  vestrymen  were  again  chosen, 
whose  election  appears  to  have  been  the  last 
until  March  31,  1826,  when  a  vestry  of  five  mem- 
bers was  chosen.  Now  occurred  elections  at  ir- 
regular intervals,  and,  on  the  28th  of  June,  1847, 
Eev.  Hiram  E.  Harrold,  at  that  time  the  minister 
of  the  parish,  writes, — "  The  minutes  of  several  a>n- 
nual  meetings  not  having  been  recorded  at  the 
time,  they  were  mislaid  and  cannot  be  found ;  this 
accounts  for  the  interruption  of  the  records." 

The  latest  of  these  elections,  held  April  27, 
1856,  was,  it  seems,  the  last  one  the  parish  had. 
Those  chosen  on  this  occasion  were  Josiah  B. 
Sickler  and  Jacob  S.  Bendler  as  wardens ;  and  Jo- 
seph J.  Smallwood,  Joshua  Sickler,  Edmond 
Brewer,  Samuel  P.  Chew  and  Joseph  Powell  as 
vestrymen.  For  a  long  period,  dating  back  from 
the  present  time  (1886),  the  parish  has  practically 
had  no  vestry. 

The  first  minister  of  the  church  was  Eev.  Levi 
Heath,  who  served  from  September  6,  1789,  to 
June  29,  1794.    The  parish  appears  to  have  been 


without  a  rector  until   April,   1825,    when   Eev. 
Eobert  Hall  ministered  here  for  one  year. 

After  an  interval  of  six  years  Eev.  Simon  Wil- 
mer  began  his  labors  in  this  parish,  working  in  a 
zealous  manner  for  the  promotion  of  the  cause  of 
Christ,  continuing  until  September  22,  1834. 
From  January,  1835,  to  February  22,  1836,  Eev. 
John  Jones  served  the  parish. 

On  the  28th  of  February,  1836,  Eev.  Hiram  E. 
Harrold  became  the  rector,  and  continued  that 
relation  until  1850.  After  this  no  stated  services 
were  held  for  a  period  of  ten  years,  the  church  be- 
ing seldom  occupied,  except  for  funerals,  and  the 
parish  was  almost  wholly  neglected. 

In  1861  a  Sabbath-school  was  organized  in  the 
church,  which  soon  numbered  a  hundred  mem- 
bers, and  was  attended  by  a  deep  interest  in 
religious  matters.  Soon  after.  Rev.  Joseph  F.  Gar-  ' 
riaon,  rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Camden,  began 
to  hold  services,  every  four  weeks,  after  the  close 
of  the  Sabbath-school,  and  continued  these  meetings 
ten  years,  when  his  poor  health  admonished  him 
to  relinquish  this  extra  work.  His  labors  are  still 
remembered  with  gratitude,  as  they  were  the  means 
of  reviving  the  parish. 

After  this  ministry  Eev.  Gustavus  M.  Murray, 
rector  of  the  church  at  Haddonfield,  took  up  the 
work,  also  in  connection  with  his  other  parish 
labor.  His  ministry  commenced  September  1, 
•1872,  and  continued  ten  years.-  It  was  character- 
ized by  an  increased  interest  in  church  matters, 
which  led  to  the  erection  of  the  present  fine  build- 
ing, in  1881.  It  was  built  on  a  lot  situated  be- 
tween the  old  church  and  the  Blackwood  turnpike, 
which  was  conveyed  for  this  purpose  by  the  heirs 
of  Samuel  P.  Chew.  The  corner-stone  was  laid 
by  Bishop  John  Scarborough,  D.D.,  assisted  by 
Eector  Murray  and  others,  on  Sunday,  Nov.  14, 1880. 

In  a  little  less  than  a  year  the  church  was  ready 
for  consecration,  that  service  being  performed 
Wednesday,  November  9,  1881,  also  by  Bishop 
Scarborough,  assisted  by  Eev.  Joseph  F.  Garrison 
and  other  ministers.  The  church  is  built  of  hand- 
some stone,  in  the  Gothic  style  of  architecture, 
having  dimensions  of  about  thirty  by  sixty  feet. 
The  roof  is  of  slate,  and  is  relieved  by  a  bell  gable. 
The  interior  is  finely  finished,  the  windows  being 
of  stained  glass.  The  entire  cost  was  about  five 
thousand  dollars,  which  includes  the  value  of  the 
stone,  donated  by  Edmond  Brewer,  whose  liberality 
made  the  erection  of  such  a  fine  building  at  this 
place  possible.  The  stones  were  procured  at  Eidley 
Creek,  Pa.,  and  were  delivered  by  Mr.  Brewer  on  the 
ground,  having  been  brought  up  the  creek,  to  a 
point  near  the  old  landing,  on  his  scows. 


690 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


After  the  ministry  of  Mr.  Murray  closed,  in 
1882,  the  church  had  no  regular  service  for  a  period, 
but,  in  1883,  Rev.  R  G.  Moses  became  the  minister, 
serving  only  a  few  months.  Then  his  son,  John 
Moses  (now  an  ordained  minister),  held  lay  services 
several  months  longer. 

On  the  Ist  of  November,  1883,  Rev.  William 
Matthias  became  the  rector  and  the  first  resident 
clergymau  of  the  parish.  He  has  since  regularly 
held  two  services  each  Sabbath,  and  also  held 
week-day  meetings  on  i<pecial  occasions.  Soon 
after,  he  took  charge  of  the  parish  he  urged  the 
buildingof  a  rectory,  and  began  soliciting  subscrip- 
tions to  accomplish  such  a  purpose.  Richard  N. 
Herring,  of  Chews  Landing,  deeded  a  lot,  opposite 
the  church,  as  a  site  on  which  to  build  the  rectory, 
and  work  on  it  was  begun  in  the  spring  of  1885. 
It  was  completed  in  October,  the  same  year,  and  is 
truly  a  fine  residence.  Its  cost,  with  the  perpetual 
insurance  on  it,  was  twenty -two  hundred  dollars. 
This  amount  having  been  fully  met,  an  eflTort  is 
now  being  made  by  the  parish  to  secure  means  to 
purchase  a  pipe-organ  for  the  church. 

In  the  cemetery  connected  with  St.  John's 
Church  the  following  interments  have  been  noted  : 

Joshua  Sickler,  died  1883,  aged  eeventy-seven  years. 
John  Hider,  died  1847,  aged  aixty-four  years, 
Sarah  Tomlinson,  died  1849,  aged  seTenty-three  years. 
Samuel  B.  Hunter,  died  1845,  aged  forty -nine  years. 
Abbie  Marshall,  died  1838,  aged  sixty-four  years. 
Christopher  Sickler,  died  1843,  aged  sixty-nine  years. 
Sarah  K.  Sickler,  died  1857,  aged  eighty-two  years. 
Aaron  Chew,  died  1805,  aged  iifty -four  years. 
Aaron  Chew,  Jr.,  died  1822,  aged  thirty-six  years. 
Kebecca  Chew,  died  1849,  aged  fifty-four  years. 
Kobert  Brewer,  died  1878,  aged  sixty-five  years. 
John  Parker,  died  1796,  aged  thirty-iive  years. 
James  Tillier  Smith,  died  1798. 
Adam  Bendler,  died  1857,  aged  seventy-one  years. 
John  C.  Lippincott,  died  1882,  aged  sixty  years. 
George  Miller,  died  1863,  aged  sixty-four  yeai-s. 
Sarah  Miller,  died  1879,  aged  seventy-eight  years. 
Ruth  Happer,  died  1829,  aged  seventy  years. 
Sarah  Howey,  died  1847,  aged  fifty-seven  years. 
Jacob  Sickler,  died  1823,  aged  fifty-six  years. 
Esther  Sicklpr,  died  1825,  aged  fifty-two  years. 
JoBiah  E.  Sickler,  died  1876,  aged  seventy-eight  yeara. 
Joseph  Hall  Fleming,  died  1831,  aged  seventy  years, 
Susannah  Fleming,  died  1828,  aged  eighty-three  years. 
Isaac  Hider,  died  1824,  aged  fifty  years. 
Amy  Hider,  diud  1839,  aged  sixty-one  years. 
Hannah  Ellis,  died  1829,  aged  sixty-three  years. 
• 

A  large  number  of  graves  are  unmarked  by 
headstones,  while  many  others  have  simple  stone 
slabs  to  indicate  the  spot  where  repose  some  of  the 
first  pioneers  of  this  section. 

The  Blackwood  Methodist  Episcopal 
Chtjkch.— As  early  as  1800  the  voice  of  the  Meth- 
odist missionary  was  heard  in  this  locality.  Follow- 
ing the  customs  of  those  times,  meetings  were  held 


in  the  open  air  or  at  the  houses  of  those  friendly 
to  the  new  faith,  and  no  ordinary  obstacle  pre- 
vented them  from  disseminating  the  truthsof  their 
religion.  In  some  places  the  people  heard  them 
gladly,  but  at  others  a  vigorous  opposition  was 
encountered,  which  had  the  effect  of  intensifying 
their  zeal.  Among  those  who  thus  labored  were 
the  following: 


1801.  Thomas  Jones. 
Jesse  Justice. 

1802.  David  Barton. 
Daniel  fligbee, 

1803.  Joseph  Totten, 
Joseph  Osborn, 

1804.  Peter  Vannest, 
John  Brown, 

1805.  William  McLenahan. 
Benjamin  Iliff. 


1806.  William  Colbert. 
Thomas  Smith. 

1807.  .Tames  Smith. 
Thomas  Stratton. 

1808.  William  Mills. 
Thomas  Bndd. 

1809.  William  Mills. 
Daniel  Ireland. 

1810.  Michael  Coate. 
Thomas  Dunn. 


Among  the  early  Methodist  members  were 
persons  belongingto the  Brown,  Kaighn,Hagerman, 
Woodrow,  Turn  er,  Pill  ing,  Pratt  and  North  families, 
all  of  whom  have  left  the  church  militant  to  join 
the  church  triumphant.  A  small  plain  meeting- 
house of  wood  was  built  at  Blackwood,  which  was 
in  u-e  until  the  present  spacious  edifice  was 
erected,  in  1856,  when  the  old  building  was  re- 
moved to  become  a  residence,  which  is  at  present 
the  home  of  Mrs.  Pratt.  The  new  structure  js  a 
two-story  frame  building,  having  three  rooms  in 
the  basement  and  a  large,  fine  auditorium,  costing, 
to  complete,  seven  thousand  dollars.  At  the  time 
it  was  built  the  board  of  stewards  was  composed  of 
William  Kaighn,  Thomas  Pilling,  Cornelius 
Hagerman,  David  Wood,  John  Pratt,  James  D. 
Turner  and  Joseph  Van  Dexter.  The  minister  at 
that  time  was  the  Rev.  Joseph  Atwood,  who  super- 
intended the  building.  The  charge  had  about  one 
hundred  members,  and  had  just  taken  rank  in  the 
Conference  as  a  station,  sustaining  that  relation 
ever  since.  The  pastors  of  the  church,  since  its  erec- 
tion as  a  separate  charge,  have  been  the  following : 

ISSO.  Joseph  Atwood.  1870-71.  J.  H.  Stockton. 

1857-68.  James  White.  1872-73.  Joseph  Ashbrook. 

1859,  Benjamin  P.  Woolston.  1874.  John  Fort.i 

1860-61.  Samuel  Parker.  1876-77.  G.  H.  Tullis. 

1862-63.  J.  H.  Stockton.  1878-80.  J.  B.Westcott. 

1864.  A.  Owen.  1881-82.  M.  C.  Stokes. 

1866.  a.  R.  Snyder.  1883-85.  J.  W.  Morris. 

1866-67.  Albert  Matthews.  1836.  D.  W.  C.  Mclntire. 
1868-69.  John  S.  Phelps. 

During  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  Phelps  the  church 
was  cleared  of  the  debt  which  had  been  weighing 
it  down  ever  since  it  was  built,  and  from  that  time 
the  congregation  has  .flourished.  In  1886  there 
are  one  hundred  and  eighty-sixmembers,  of  whom 
the  following  were  trustees :  James  Gardner, 
Samuel  Graybury,  Richard  Morgan,  J.  W.  Rapp, 

1  Died  while  on  this  charge. 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  GLOUCESTEK. 


691 


J.  T.Wood,  Jamfs  Powell,  Aaron  Van  Dexter,  E.T. 
Br  -wn  and  James  Jones.  A  Sunday-school,  of  one 
hundred  and  fifty  members,  has  Theodore  Hider 
as  its  superintendent. 

The  Chews  Landing  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.— This  church  was  founded  in  1812,  when 
a  small  meeting-house  was  built  at  this  place  for 
the  accommodation  of  different  denominations  who 
might  choose  to  occupy  it.  After  the  lapse  of  a 
few  years  the  Methodists  were  the  only  ones  to 
continue  their  meetings,  and  they  only  at  long 
intervals,  being  finally  altogether  discontinued  on 
account  of  the  removal  of  members  and  the  death 
of  some  who  formed  the  original  class.  The  build- 
ing became  dilapidated  and  fell  into  such  a  state 
of  decay  that  it  became  a  common  sheep-pen  and 
the  habitation  of  birds  and  bats.  In  this  neglected 
condition  it  remained  until  about  sixty  years  ago, 
when  it  was  repaired  and  was  again  devoted  to 
its  original  use  and  purpose.  The  membership, 
though  small,  increased,  and  a  permanent  con- 
gregation was  organized,  which  erected  a  better 
house  of  worship  a  few  years  later,  and  which  was 
used  until  the  present  church  took  its  place.  It 
is  a  plain  but  not  unattractive  frame  building, 
upon  which  work  was  commenced  August  24,  1878, 
and  which  was  consecrated  November  28th,  the 
same  year.  The  church  cost,  to  complete,  about 
fifteen  hundred  dollars,  and  is  now  in  good  repair. 
The  lot  upon  which  it  stands  is  favorably  located, 
and  also  comprises  a  burial-ground. 

The  church  has  been  connected  with  a  number 
of  charges,  belonging  at  present  to  Hedding  Cir- 
cuit, which  was  formed  in  March,  1878,  and  is  one 
of  three  appointments  on  that  charge.  The  pas- 
tors have  been, — 


1878-79.  J.  K.  ThompBon. 
1880-81.  John  P.  Connoley. 
1882.  H.  J.  Zelley. 


1883.  D.  D.  Fislor. 

1885.  T.  D.  Sleeper. 

1886.  J.  B.  Dare. 


The  church  at  CheWs  Landing  has  a  membership 
of  sixty-five,  and  has,  in  1886,  the  following  trus- 
tees: William  Toommy,  James  Stetser,  Moses 
Batton,  William  D.  Kedrow,  Franklin  Price,  Geo. 
W.  Barrett  and  James  McCulley. 

A  Sunday-school  of  one  hundred  and  ten  mem- 
bers has  Mrs.  Emily  Warthman  as  its  superin- 
tendent. 

Methodist  Photestant  Chukch.— On  the 
Berlin  turnpike,  one  and  a  half  miles  from  Kirk- 
wood,  is  a  house  of  worship  belonging  to  the  above 
denomination.  It  is  an  unpretentious,  small  frame 
building,  erected  in  1859,  on  a  lot  donated  for  this 
purpose  by  Hillman  Eowand.  The  society  occu- 
pying it  has  a  small  membership,  confined  prin- 
cipally to  the  Watson  and  Kowand  families.    The 


Eev.  Timothy  Heiss  was  the  first  preacher,  and 
the  Eev.  William  Bunch  is  the  present.  A  well- 
attended  Sunday-school  is  maintained  in  the 
church,  which  is  connected  with  the  church  in 
Winslow  in  forming  a  pastoral  charge. 

Blackwood  Baptist  Church.'— The  Baptist 
Church  at  Blackwood  was  constituted  February 
23,  1848.  No  written  records  have  been  kept  of 
the  influences  at  work  prior  to  the  organization  of 
the  church  and  leading  to  it,  of  the  securing  of  a 
place  for  meetings  or  for  permanent  location. 

From  men  still  living  were  gleaned  the  following 
facts  :  During  the  year  1847  Eev.  Henry  Westcott, 
a  Baptist  minister,  visited  Blackwood,  inquiring 
for  members  of  Baptist  Churches,  and  seeking  for 
an  opportunity  to  preach  to  them.  With  the 
assistance  of  Joseph  V.  Edwards,  a  member  of  the 
Haddonfield  Baptist  Church,  he  obtained  permis- 
sion to  preach  in  the  Methodist  Church,  and  sev- 
eral services  were  held  there  during  the  year. 
These  meetings  tended  to  stimulate  the  Baptists 
scattered  about  the  community,  and  led  them  to 
rally  around  Mr.  Westcott  as  a  leader.  Later 
he  obtained  permission  to  preach  in  what  was 
then  known  as  the  Good  Intent  Church.^  These 
njeetings  were  held  more  or  less  regularly  until 
the  close  of  the  year  1847.  By  this  time  a  suffi- 
cient number  of  Baptists  had  been  gathered 
together  to  justify  them  in  uniting  to  form  a 
church.  To  further  this  conviction  of  duty,  articles 
of  failh  and  a  church  covenant  were  adopted,  and 
it  was  deemed  advisable  to  call  a  council  of  neigh- 
boring Baptist  Churches  to  consider  the  propriety 
of  organizing  a  regular  Baptist  Church  at  Black- 
wood. 

In  response  to  the  above  call,  the  council  met, 
and,  growing  out  of  that  meeting,  we  have  the 
following  minute : 

"  Blackwoodtown,  February  23,  1848. 
"  The  friends  of  Zion  met  in  the  meeting-houee  at  Good  Intent 
for  the  purpose  of  constituting  a  regular  Baptist  Church,  the  follow- 
ing-named pel-sons,  who  have  obtained  letters  of  dismission  from 
their  respectiye  churches : 


'  Joseph  T.  Edwards. 
Thomas  T.  Firth. 
Aaronson  Ellis. 
Joseph  Charles. 
John  W.  Peterson. 
John  Carwin. 
William  Taylor. 
Edward  Jones. 
Henry  Stremme. 
Thomas  Hutchinson. 
Yeoman  Paul. 


Amy  Edwards. 
Emaline  Firth. 
Hannah  Ellis. 
Abigail  Charles. 
Sarah  A.  Morgan. 
Mary  Carvin. 
Catharine  A.  Taylor. 
Julia  P.  Parham. 
Eliza  Stremme. 
Catharine  Pine. 
Elizabeth  Paul. 


1  By  Eev.  James  Fielding. 

2  The  Good  Intent  meeting-house  had  been  erected  about  1836  on 
the  hill,  near  the  factory,  in  Gloucester  County,  by  Garrett  New- 
kirk  for  the  accommodation  of  his  workmen. 


692 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


Jonaa  Cattell. 
Elizabeth  Allen. 
Sarah  Paulin. 


Mary  Cattell. 
Emily  H.  Wilkina. 
Eliza  Casper." 


The  following-named  brethren,  bearing  creden- 
tials from  their  respective  churches,  composed  the 
council  of  recognition  :  From  Haddonfield,  Rev. 
Wm.  H.  Brisbane,  Deacons  Thomas  Ellis,  Thomas 
Marshal,  D.  H.  Gault,  Isaac  Armstrong  and  A.. 
McKinzie;  from  Marlton,  Rev.  J.  M.  Challiss, 
Deacons  Charles  Kain,  Benjamin  Kain  and  Wil- 
liam Edwards;  Woodstown,  Rev.  John  Perry- 
Hall  ;  MuUica  Hill,  Rev.  Charles  Kain ;  Newton, 
Rev.  Charles  Sexton. 

The  council  recommended  the  above-named 
brethren  and  sisters  to  proceed  in  the  usual  way  to 
organize  themselves  into  a  church,  whereupon  it 
was  moved  by  Thomas  T.  Firth,  and  seconded  by 
William  Taylor,  "  that  we  constitute  ourselves  a 
regular  Baptist  Church,  to  be  known  and  recog- 
nized in  law  as  the  regular  Baptist  Church  of 
Blackwoodtown."     . 

Ten  days'  notice  having  been  given,  the  church 
met,  March  4th,  for  the  transaction  of  business, 
when  the  following  officers  were  elected :  Deacons, 
Joseph  V.  Edwards,  William  Taylor;  Trustees, 
Hiram  Morgan,  Joseph  V.  Edwards,  Jonas  Cat- 
tell, Henry  Stremme,  Thomas  Hutchinson. 

The  congregation  thus  formed  did  not  possess 
a  church-home,  and,  from  lack  of  means,  was  un- 
able to  build  one.  The  difficulty  was  met,  how- 
ever, by  friends  in  the  community,  who  gave 
them  the  chapel  in  which  they  were  worshipping, 
and  a  building  lot  in  Blackwoodtown,  to  which  it 
could  be  moved.  From  a  deed  bearing  date  of 
March  10,  1848,  were  obtained  the  names  of  those 
who  gave  the  building  lot  and  house,  viz.,  Jonas 
Livermore  and  wife,  Lewis  Livermore  and  wife, 
John  Cooper  and  wife,  John  Stokes  and  wife. 
Early  in  the  year  1848  the  building  was  moved  to 
its  present  site. 

At  the  meeting  held  on  the  4th  of  March  Rev. 
Henry  Westcott  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
church,  which  position  he  filled  until  March  26, 
1857.  During  his  labor  of  nine  years  the  church 
increased  by  letter  and  experience  twenty,  and  by 
baptism  one  hundred  and  one.  During  this  pe. 
riod,  in  1854,  the  building  was  enlarged  twelve 
feet  and  other  necessary  repairs  made.  In  the 
same  year  the  church  entertained  the  West  New 
Jersey  Baptist  Association  in  its  annual  meeting. 

While  the  increase  in  numbers  during  this  period 
was  encouraging,  the  decrease  was  none  the  less 
discouraging,  for  by  letters  of  dismission  and  by 
exclusion  the  number  was  reduced  to  eighty-three. 
There  have  been  other  seasons  of  rapid   growth 


and  as  rapid  decline,  of  light  and  shadow,  of  hope 
and  fear,  the  membership  never  long  remaining 
above  its  present  number,  seventy-nine.  Although 
the  church  has  never  been  numerically  or  finan- 
cally  strong,  yet  its  influence  for  good  has  been 
felt  throughout  a  large  region  of  country,  leading 
to  a  more  faithful  observance  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment ordinances,  and  to  a  recognition  of  the 
authority  of  the  Scriptures  as  once  delivered  to  the 
saints. 

The  following  ministers  have  served  as  pastors 
of  the  church : 

Henry  Westcott,  from  March  12,  1848,  to  March  26,  1857. 
Homor  Sears,  from  July  5,  1857,  to  September  30,  1859. 
Charles  Cox,  January  6,  1860,  to  September  27,  1860. 
H.  J.  Thompson,  from  May,  1861,  to  August  30, 1862. 
Asher  Cook,  from  January  1, 1864,  to  October  1, 1866. 
Samuel  Godahall,  from  January  12, 1868,  to  July  25, 1869. 
E.  M.  Barker,  from  January  1,  1871,  to  April  25, 1872. 
John  D  Flansburgh,  from  March,  1873,  to  September  26,  1879. 
The  present  pastor,  James  Fielding,  began  his  labors  with  the 
church  January  25,  1880. 

The  membership  has  been  as  follows :  Constitu- 
ent, 28 ;  by  baptism,  199 ;  by  letter  and  experience, 
73  ;  total,  300  ;  present  membership,  79. 

The  officers  at  present  are  : 

Pastor,  James  Fielding  ;  Deacons,  Joseph  T.  Edwards  (who  served 
from  the  beginning),  Isaac  Brown,  Isaac  Cramer,  Reuben  L. 
Edwards ;  Trustees,  Balph  Hider,  Edward  Scott,  Isaac  Brown, 
Isaac  Cramer,  Reuben  L.  Edwards,  Seiah  0.  Prickitt  Joshua  Scott; 
Clerk,  Charles  R.  Bee  ;  Treasurer,  Joshua  Scott. 

SOCIETIES. 

Independent  Lodge,  No.  64, 1.  O.  O.  F.,  is  the 
oldest  of  the  secret  orders  now  maintained  at 
Blackwood.  It  was  instituted  August  5,  1847,  and 
had  as  its  first  principal  officers  Samuel  G.  Rich- 
ards, N.  G.  ;  Justice  Hedger,  V.  G. ;  Martin  S. 
Synnott,  Sec. ;  James  R.  Driver,  Treas. 

The  first  meetings  were  held  in  the  Temperance 
Hall,  but  in  1852  Odd-Fellows'  Hall  was  erected, 
at  a  cost  of  nearly  three  thousand  dollars.  It  is  a 
three-story  frame  building,  the  lower  stories  form- 
ing living  rooms.  The  hall  is  neatly  furnished, 
and  is  also  used  for  lodge  purposes  by  the  other 
orders  of  the  village.  This  lodge  had,  in  I8861 
eighty  members,  and  the  following  officers:  Frank 
P.  Williams,  N.  G. ;  George  W.  Barrett,  V.  G. ; 
William  B.  Settle,  Rec.  Sec;  Joseph  E.  Hurff, 
Fin.  Sec. ;  Thomas  J.  Wentz,  Treas. ;  Edward  P. 
Brown,  Thomas  G.  Zane,  John  H.  Magee,  Edgar 
J.  Coles,  Thomas  J.  Wentz,  Trustees. 

Minerva  Lodge,  No.  25,  K.  of  P. — This  body 
was  instituted  July  19,  1869,  with  the  following- 
named  charter  members  :  Charles  H.  Le  Fevre, 
Thomas  Andrews,  John  Houseman,  Thomas 
Knight,  Samuel  W.  Lamb,  Henry  Beckley,  Wil- 
liam Mills,  Charles  Barrett  and  Samuel  Jaygard. 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


693 


The  lodge  has  sixty  members,  and  its  officers  are 
J.  S.  North,  C.  0. ;  F.  P.  Williams,  V.  C. ;  Charles 
Alexander,  K.  of  E.  and  S. ;  Benjamin  Eudderow, 
M.  of  F. 

Blackwood  Gkange,  No.  9,  P.  of  H.,  held  its 
first  meeting  under  a  dispensation  of  the  Grand 
Grange,  March  25,  1875.  It  was  soon  after  fully 
chartered,  and  has  continued  its  meetings  with 
varying  interest  ever  since,  being  at  present  in  a 
flourishing  condition.  There  are  fifty  members 
and  the  following  principal  officers :  John  M- 
Steser,  Master ;  Theodore  Hider,  Sec. ;  Samuel 
Batten,  Treas. ;  John  H.  Magee,  E.  J.  Coles,  I. 
W.  Eapp,  Trustees. 

MoNiN  Castle,  No.  6,  K.  of  M.  C,  was  the  most 
recently  organized  of  the  lodges  at  Blackwood, 
being  instituted  September  26,  1888.  Its  member- 
ship from  the  beginning  was  large,  fifty-five  per- 
sons sustaining  the  relation  of  charter  members. 
The  roll  has  been  swelled  until  nearly  one  hundred 
belong  at  present.  The  principal  officers  were : 
Trustees,  E.  T.  Brown,  J.  E.  Hurfi',  Samuel  C. 
Settle ;  S.  K.  P.  C,  Henry  Cummings  ;  S.  K.  O., 
Joseph  S.  Stewart;  S.  K.  V-  C,  Samuel  C.  Battle; 
Eecording  Secretary,  Samuel  Pine  ;  Financial  Sec- 
retary, William   Williams ;  Treasurer,  Benjamin 

Williams. 

Some  time  about  1845  a  vigorous  division  of  the 
Sons  of  Temperance  had  an  existence  in  the  vil- 
lage, holding  its   meetings  in  the  second  story  of 

the  Temperance  Hotel.    In  1852  the  order  built  a 


hall  of  its  own  and  occupied  it  about  two  years, 
when  a  waning  interest  caused  the  organization  to 
disband.  This  hall  is  now  part  of  the  E.  J.  Cole's 
store-stand.  Since  that  time  other  temperance  or- 
ganizations have  been  established,  and  a  well-sup- 
ported lodge  of  Good  Templars  is  at  present  main- 
tained. These  organizations  have  been  promotive 
of  much  good  in  creating  a  healthy  sentiment  in 
favor  of  the  principles  of  temperance. 
education. 

One  of  the  most  liberal  patrons  of  popular  edu- 
cation was  Joseph  Sloan.  In  the  last  century  he 
bequeathed  one  hundred  pounds  to  the  township  of 
Gloucester,  "  to  be  put  in  the  care  of  such  trustees 
as  may  from  time  to  time,  by  plurality  of  voices,  be 
chosen  at  the  annual  town-meeting,  to  have  the  care 
of  the  same ;  the  interest  of  which  the  said  trustees 
shall  yearly  lay  out  on  books  treating  on  religious 
morality,  arithmetic  or  the  mathematics,  to  be  be- 
stowed at  their  discretion  on  youths  likely  to  im- 
prove thereby ;  and  if  any  overplus  be,  to  lay  the 
same  out  in  schooling  poor  children  without  dis- 
tinction. And  at  the  expiration  of  five  hundred 
years,  said  township  may,  by  plurality  of  voices, 
appropriate  said  one  hundred  pounds  any  way  for 
the  use  of  the  poor." 

This  fund  had  in  some  way  become  impaired, 
but  was  lately  restored  to  its  original  amount  by 
the  township  authorities,  and  the  yearly  income  of 
the  four  hundred  dollars  invested  is  devoted  to  the 
purchase  of  school-books  for  needy  children. 


THE   TOWNSHIP    OF   WINSLOW. 


CHAPTER  XV. 

character  of  the  Township — Set  off  from  Gloucester — List  of  Offl- 
cers — Villages  of  Sicklerville,  Williainstown  Junction,  Wilton, 
Tanshoro',  Cedar  Brook,  Braddock,  Blue  Anchor,  Ancora,  Elm, 
Winslow  Junction  and  Winslow — Glasa  Works  —  Societies  — 
Fi-iends'  Meetings  and  Churches. 

This  township  is  situated  in  the  extreme  south- 
eastern part  of  the  county.  It  was  formed  in  1845, 
and  obtained  its  name  from  Winslow  village,  at 
that  time  its  most  important  settlement.  On  its 
north  is  Waterford  township;  on  the  east  and 
southeast,  Atlantic  Oounty ;  south  and  southwest, 
Monroe  township,  in  Gloucester  County,  from 
which  it  is  separated  by  Four- Mile  Run  and  Great 
Egg  Harbor  River ;  and  on  the  west  and  north  is 
the  present  township  of  Gloucester.  The  general 
surface  is  level,  the  soil  being  chiefly  sandy  or 
sandy  loam.  Along  the  water-courses  the  surface 
is  depressed,  partaking  of  the  nature  of  swampsi 
having  as  its  timber  growth  cedar-trees.  In  other 
parts  are  large  pine  forests  or  growths  of  deciduous 
trees,  which  afford  a  valuable  timber  supply. 
About  one-fourth  of  the  area  only  has  been  cleared 
for  cultivation,  though  much  of  the  larger  tim- 
ber has  been  removed.  The  soil  on  the  low  lands 
is  fairly  fertile,  and  appears  to  be  well  adapted  for 
fruit- culture,  which  has  become  the  principal  oc- 
cupation of  the  inhabitants.  In  the  northwestern 
part,  near  Williamstown  Junction,  are  valuable 
deposits  of  clay  for  potters'  use,  and  in  many  parts 
may  be  found  sand  superior  for  glass-making. 
The  drainage  is  afforded  by  the  Egg  Harbor  Riv- 
ers and  their  affluent  streams,  whose  flow  through 
the  township  is  generally  sluggish.  The  township 
offered  few  attractions  to  the  pioneer  settler,  and 
the  improvements  made  by  those  who  ventured  into 
these  remote  regions  were  in  no  wise  noteworthy. 
A  colony  of  Friends  settled  in  the  western  part 
before  the  Revolution,  prominent  among  them  be- 
694 


ing  William  Norcross.  His  son  Job  was  born  in 
the  township  and  raised  a  large  family,  from  which 
have  descended  the  Norcrosses  of  this  part  of  the 
county.  Joshua  Duble  and  John  Kellum  lived  in 
the  same  neighborhood,  the  former  leaving  de- 
scendants who  are  prominent  in  the  affairs  of  the 
township.  Benjamin  Thackara  lived  in  the  New 
Freedom  neighborhood,  and  Joshua  Peacock  nearer 
Tansboro'.  He  was  the  father  of  William  and 
Joseph  Peacock,  both  of  whom  reared  large  fam- 
ilies. George  Sloan  lived  near  New  Hopewell, 
and  the  Cains  and  McLains  in  the  neighborhood 
of  Long-a-Coming.  Among  other  early  settlers 
were  Brittain  Bishop,  Benjamin  Watson,  Robert 
Mattox,  Oliver  Beebe,  Charles  Camel,  Joel  Bodine, 
John  Rogers,  Samuel  Scull,  Philip  White,  Eli 
Nield,  Jonathan  Fowler,  Moses  Githens,  Enos 
Sharp  and  Isaiah  Whitcraft.  After  the  building 
of  the  Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad,  in  1856,  the 
country  was  developed  more  rapidly,  and,  with  the 
building  of  new  lines,  other  settlements  were 
opened  in  localities  which  had  before  been  too  re- 
mote from  places  of  business  to  make  the  cultiva- 
tion of  the  soil  profitable.  Some  lauds  were  loca- 
ted early,  but  being  held  in  large  tracts,  were  not 
improved  until  recent  years. 

The  first  tract  of  cedar  swamp  lands  located  in 
the  township  became  the  property  of  Daniel  Hill- 
man  and  Joseph  Lowe  in  1726.  It  lay  on  the 
Great  Egg  Harbor  River,  south  of  the  Blue 
Anchor  tract,  where,  tradition  says,  the  Indian 
trail  crossed  the  swamp.  For  a  long  time  it  was 
the  only  trail  in  that  part  of  the  township,  and 
was  consequently  frequently  used.  On  the  east 
side  stood  an  Indian  wigwam,  where  travelers  were 
entertained  before  the  settlements  of  the  whites, 
and  where  such  as  passed  from  one  part  of  the 
State  to  the  other  might  lodge  in  the  home  of  the 
dusky  landlord.      The  pathway,  though   narrow, 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  WINSLOW. 


695 


crossed  a  small  island  in  its  course  and  was  almost 
in  a  straight  line.  For  many  years  the  remains  of 
an  old  foot-bridge  could  be  seen  at  the  island. 
After  the  timber  began  to  be  used,  part  of  this  old 
trail  became  a  wagon-road,  and,  in  general,  the 
early  roads  had  the  same  course  or  followed  the 
Indian  trails.  In  the  course  of  time  the  above 
Indian  trail  was  abandoned  and  a  new  one  made 
about  two  miles  down  the  river,  where  formerly 
stood  John  Inskeep's  old  saw-mill.  In  1762  this 
crossing  is  spoken  of  as  a  public  ford  and  was 
much  used  by  both  the  whites  and  the  Indians  as 
long  as  they  remained  in  this  country.  The  Indians 
had  large  villages  at  Shamong,  in  Burlington 
County,  and  Tuckahoe,  in  Cape  May  County,  and 
this  was  a  central  point,  where  they  would  camp 
overnight  as  they  passed  from  village  to  village. 
They  always  camped  in  the  open  air,  without 
regard  to  season,  and  resumed  their  travels  before 
the  rising  of  the  sun. 

Civil  Organization.— Winslow  was  erected 
by  an  act  of  the  Legislature,  March  8,  1845,  out  of 
Gloucester  township,  with  the  following  bounds : 
Beginning  at  the  middle  of  Egg  Harbor  Eiver 
where  the  Camden  and  Atlantic  County  line  crosses 
the  river;  along  the  line  of  Atlantic  County  to  the 
corner  of  Waterford  township,  along  the  Water- 
ford  line,  passing  through  Long-a-Coming  to  the 
public  road  leading  therefrom  to  the  Cross  Keys 
tavern  in  Washington  township  ;  thence  along  the 
Washington  line  to  the  head  of  Four-Mile  Branch 
to  Washington  township  corner ;  thence  down 
Four-Mile  Branch  to  the  main  branch  of  Great 
Egg  Harbor  River;  thence  down  the  same  to 
the  place  of  beginning.  By  these  bounds 
a  part  of  the  village  of  Long-a-Coming  (now  Ber- 
lin) was  in  Winslow,  the  other  parts  being  in  the 
adjoining  townships,  but  by  legislative  enactment, 
March  23,  1859,  the  bounds  were  modified  so  as  to 
place  all  of  that  village  in  the  township  of  Water- 
ford.  The  act  provided  that  "all  that  part  of  the 
township  of  Winslow  and  Gloucester  lying  north- 
erly and  northwesterly  of  a  line  commencing  on 
the  present  Waterford  township  line  so  as  to  inter- 
sect the  most  eastwardly  line  of  Samuel  Shreve's 
land;  thence  along  said  line  between  Samuel 
Shreve's  and  James  McLain's  homestead  until  it 
intersects  Tinkers  Branch ;  thence  to  where  it  inter- 
sects the  New  Freedom  and  Clemen  ton  roads; 
thence  along  the  southwesterly  side  of  and  includ- 
ing said  road  ;  thence  in  a  direct  course  by  the  way 
of  and  including  Joseph  S.  Bead's  brick-yard  to 
the  line  between  Waterford  and  Gloucester  town- 
ships and  including  parts  of  Winslow  and  Glou- 
cester townships,  be  and  the  same  is  hereby  set  off 
84 


from  the  said  townships  of  Winslow  and  Gloucester 
and  attached  to  and  made  a  part  of  said  township 
of  Waterford." 

The  act  forming  Winslow  township  provided 
that  the  first  election  should  be  held  at  the  inn 
of  Josiah  Albertson  (Blue  Anchor),  and  the  next 
township  meeting  of  Gloucester  was  to  be  held  at 
the  Red  Lion  Inn  of  William  Middleton,  at 
Clementon.  The  committee  to  divide  the  township 
funds  and  to  pro-rate  the  taxes  for  the  ensuing 
year  held  its  meeting  at  the  house  of  Jacob  Leach, 
at  Berlin. 

The  records  of  the  township  indicate  the  elec- 
tion of  the  following  officers  in  the  years  prefixed 
to  their  names  : 

Glerhn. 


1845.  Wm.  E.  Jolinaon. 

1846.  Elijah  Burdaall. 
1847-48.  Joshua  Duble. 
1849-51.  Thomas  Melouy. 
1852-53,  George  M.  Mapea. 
1854.  M.  R.  Simmernian. 
1855-56.  Richard  J.  Mapea. 


1857.  M.  S.  Peacock. 
1868-60.  John  B.  Duble. 
1861-70.  Moatgomery  Reading. 
1871-72.  John  Little. 
1873-83.  Edward  Baker. 
1S8J.  Levi  C.  Phifer. 
1884.  Robert  F.  McDougall. 
1885-86.  M.  R.  Simmerman. 

AsiessoTS. 
1845-43.  Chas.  H.  French.  1853.  Thomas  Sleloay. 

1849-50.  Edwin  Woolf.  1830-58.  John  Wright. 

1851.  Wm.  B.  Johnson.  1859-64.  Wm.  T.  Sickler. 

1852.  Thomas  Melouy.  1885-81.  John  R  Duble. 
1863-64.  John  CarroU.                    1882.  Edward  Burdaall. 

1883-80.  Michael  G.  Burdsall. 


CollectorB. 


1845-48.  James  Dill. 
1849-50.  Peter  C.  Ross. 
1851.  Montgomery  Reading. 
1852-55.  Samuel  Norcross. 
1866-64.  Jacob  Sailer. 


1865-73.  Montgomery  Reading. 
1874.  John  R.  Duble. 
1875-79.  Montgomery  Beading. 
1880-82.  Conkling  Mayhew. 
1883-«6.  Jacob  Sickler. 


The  justices  of  the  peace  since  the  organization 
of  the  township  have  been, — ■ 


Wm.  Peacock. 
Wm.  T.  Sickler. 
Joseph  N.  Garten. 
Wm.  Shreve. 
John  Cain. 
Wm.  R.  Myers. 
Henry  M.  Jewett. 


Chaa.  H.  French. 
Joel  Murphy. 
Samuel  Burdsall. 
W.  G.  Wilson. 
Joshua  Duble. 
Isaac  S.  Peacock. 
Thomas  Austin. 


Christian  Heventhal. 


Elijah  Burdsall. 
Wm.  Bishop. 
Paul  H.  Sickler. 
John  Marshall. 
Sidney  Woods. 
Abner  Gurney. 
Isiac  S.  Peacock. 
George  Blatherwick. 


SiCKLERViLLE  is  a  Station  and  hamlet  on  the 
Williamstown  Branch  of  the  Philadelphia  and 
Atlantic  City  Railroad.  It  derived  its  name  from 
John  Sickler,  who  settled  in  this  locality  at  an  early 
period,  rearing  three  sons,  who  also  improved 
farms  at  this  point.  Other  early  settlers  were  John 
Jacob  and  George  Ware,  from  which  circumstance 
the  place  was  sometimes  called,  Waretown.  The 
present  name  became  permanent  when  the  post- 
office  was  established  twelve  years  ago.  Paul  H.  . 
Sickler  was  appointed  postmaster,  keeping  the 
office  since,  at  his  store,  which  was  opened  in  1865, 
the   first  in   the  place.     At  the  railroad  station 


696 


HISTOEY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


Jacob  Sickler  has  been  in  trade  since  1880,  and 
near  the  hamlet  James  K.  P.  Lessly  has  merchan- 
dised the  past  eight  years.  Sicklerville  contains  a 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and,  in  addition  to 
the  above  interests,  has  about  ten  residences. 

WiLLiAMSTOWN  Junction  is  at  the  intersection 
of  the  Branch  road  with  the  main  line  of  the  Phila- 
delphia and  Atlantic  City  Eailroad,  and  is  note- 
worthy solely  on  that  account.  A  neat  station  build- 
ing has  been  erected.  Near  this  place  are  the  small 
hamlets  of  New  Freedom  and  Conradsville.  The 
former  has  no  interest  aside  from  its  church  and 
the  old  grave-yard,  but  at  the  latter  terra-cotta 
works  were  formerly,  carried  on  quite  extensively 
by  James  M.  Oonrad.  The  clay  of  this  locality  is 
superior  for  ware  of  this  nature,  and  some  fine 
work  was  produced,  including  earthen  lawn  figures. 
The  works  have  been  out  of  fire  nine  years. 

Wilton  is  the  third  station  on  the  Branch  road 
in  the  township,  and  is  almost  midway  between 
Atco  and  Williamstown  Junction.  The  railroad 
company  has  provided  neat  station  buildings,  and 
offers  shipping  facilities,  which  should  commend 
this  point  to  the  fruit-growers  and  manufacturers. 
The  principal  features  of  the  place  are  the  glass- 
works, which  were  established  about  1848  by  an 
association  composed  of  Samuel  Norcross,  Joseph 
Heritage,  William  Peacock,  Benjamin  Y.  Thack- 
ara,  Lester  Gager,  Matthias  Simmerman  andothers_ 
Norcross  &  Heritage  had  the  general  manage- 
ment of  the  business,  which  was  suspended  after  a 
few  years,  but  was  again  resumed  by  Samuel  and 
Uriah  Norcross.  About  1856  the  works  were 
leased  by  J.  L.  Mason,  of  New  York,  and  operated 
in  the  manufacture  of  his  patent  fruit-jars.  Then 
came  a  season  of  inactivity,  but,  about  1862,  Joel 
Bodine  and  Charles  Adams  took  charge  of  the 
works  and  carried  on  business  some  ten  years. 
They  were  last  operated  by  Prank  Bodine,  but  have 
been  out  of  blast  since  July,  1885.  Hollow-ware 
only  was  manufactured,  and  when  in  full  operation 
about  one  hundred  persons  were  employed.  Most 
of  these  lived  in  the  immediate  neighborhood, 
which  caused  this  place  to  assume  the  appearance 
of  a  village.  In  1886  there  were  three  dozen  houses, 
two-thirds  belonging  to  the  glass-works  property. 
Many  are  at  present  unoccupied.  One-half  a  mile 
from  this  place,  on  the  Berlin  and  Blue  Anchor 
road,  is  the  old  hamlet  of 

Tansboeo'.— The  relation  of  the  two  hamlets  is 
so  close  that  they  are  practically  one,  and  before 
Wilton  became  a  station  on  the  railroad  the 
glass-works  were  regarded  as  being  a  part  of  Tans- 
boro'.  The  latter  is  an  old  point,  a  settlement 
having  been  formed  here  soon  after  1800,  and  one 


of  the  first  industries  was  a  tannery,  from  which 
circumstance  the  name  was  derived.  Among  those 
first  in  this  locality  were  Elijah  Burdsall,  James 
McLain,  John  Hughes,  Gilbert  Kellum,  John 
Cain,  Cyrus  and  Cornelius  Tice.  The  latter  started 
the  tannery,  nearly  opposite  the  tavern,  and  for  a 
number  of  years  it  was  carried  on  by  Josiah  Venable. 
John  Cain  and  Montgomery  Beading  were  later 
tanners.  There  were  but  half  a  dozen  vats  and  it 
was  discontinued  about  thirty  years  ago.  Cornelius 
Tice  was  one  of  the  first  keepers  of  the  public- 
house,  which  has  been  enlarged  by  subsequent 
landlords.  Among  these  were  James  Campbell, 
William  Norcross,  William  Marshall  and  the  pres- 
ent John  Sharp.  In  former  times  it  was  much 
patronized.  James  Cain  had  one  of  the  first  stores, 
occupying  the  building  where  William  T.  Sickler  has 
been  in  trade  the  past  twenty-one  years.  Here  is 
kept  the  Wilton  post-ofl5ce,  in  charge  of  Christian 
Heventhal  since  October,  1885,  when  it  was  re- 
moved to  Tansboro'.  The  original  Tansboro'  post- 
office,  of  which  Isaac  S.  Peacock  was  the  first  post- 
master, was  discontinued  about  the  beginning  of 
the  Civil  War,  and  when  it  was  re-established 
took  the  name  of  Wilton,  Frank  Bodine  being  the 
postmaster.  Another  business  stand  was  estab- 
lished at  Tansboro'  by  John  Carroll,  which  was 
enlarged  by  his  successors.  Here  Joseph  N.  Gar- 
ton  has  been  in  trade  a  number  of  years.  The 
upper  story  of  this  building  forms  a  hall  in  which 
the  glass-blowers  held  their  society  meetings. 
Here,  also,  is  the  home  of  "  Wilton  Lodge,  No.  6, 
Independent  Order  of  American  Mechanics," 
which  was  instituted  February  27,  1864,  with 
twenty-five  members.  The  lodge  has  been  very 
prosperous,  having  at  present  one  hundred  and 
forty  members.  November  19,  1884,  the  lodge  was 
incorporated  with  the  following  trustees  :  Albert 
E.  Eowand,  Charles  M.  Brown,  Warren  E.  Garton 
and  Christian  Heventhal.  The  same  room  is  oc- 
cupied by  the  Ladies'  Masonic  Link,  a  beneficial 
society,  having  forty  members.  A  Baptist  Church 
atthis  place  has  been  abandoned,  but  a  Methodist 
Church  is  still  maintained.  There  are  also  a  few 
mechanic-shops  and  about  twenty  residences. 

Cedab  Bkook,  on  the  main  line  of  the  Phila- 
adelphia  and  Atlantic  City  EailrOad,  is  the  name  of 
a  new  hamlet  containing  a  store  kept  by  John  E. 
Duble,  several  shops,  a  Methodist  Protestant 
Church  and  half  a  dozen  dwellings.  It  is  an  im- 
portant water-station  on  the  railroad,  the  supply 
being  obtained  from  the  stream  which  was  long 
known  as  Pump  Branch  of  Little  Egg  Harbor 
Eiver. 

Beaddock  is  the  name  of  the  next  statioA  south- 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  WINSLOW. 


697 


ward,  and  is  in  tlie  locality  of  Bates'  mill,  whicli 
was  for  many  years  one  of  the  old  landmarks  in 
this  section.  After  the  original  owner,  Thomas 
Cole,  the  mill  was  successively  held  in  partnership 
hy  Aaron  Chew,  Josiah  Albertson,  Benjamin  Bates, 
John  Albertson,  Beaoni  Bates  and  others,  but  now 
belongs  to  William  S.  Braddock,  who  has  con- 
verted a  large  portion  of  the  pond  into  a  cran- 
berry marsh.  On  the  high  lands,  near  the  station, 
many  small  fruit  farms  are  being  opened. 

Blue  Anchor,  the  station  beyond  Braddock, 
takes  its  name  from  the  old  Blue  Anchor  tavern, 
half  a  mile  from  the  railroad.  The  land  upon 
which  this  old  landmark  stands  was  located  in 
1737  by  Abraham  Bickley,  a  distiller  of  Philadel- 
phia. The  old  house  stood  upon  the  Indian  trail, 
leading  from  the  sea  coast  to  the  Delaware,  which 
was  much  traveled  a  hundred  years  ago,  after  the 
old  trail  farther  south  was  abandoned.  As  early  as 
1740  John  Hider  was  the  landlord,  dispensing  good 
chegr  in  a  cabin  built  of  cedar  logs.  Eight  years 
later  John  Briant  occupied  the  house.  In  1762 
Robert  Mattox  became  the  owner  of  this  property 
and  a  large  tract  of  land  adjoining,  living  here  many 
years.  His  daughter  Elizabeth  married  Josiah 
Albertson,  who  took  possession  about  1812,  and 
built  the  present  house,  which  was  kept  by  him 
until  after  the  railroad  was  finished,  when 
travel  was  diverted  and  the  place  lost  its  import- 
ance. He  also  built  a  store-house,  where  his  son- 
in-law,  John  C.  Shreve,  engaged  in  merchandiz-  > 
ing  and  made  other  improvements  which  caused 
this  to  become  a  central  point.  Here  people  from 
every  part  of  the  county  could  be  seen,  almost  any 
day,  intent  either  upon  hunting  or  on  business  con- 
nected with  the  immense  lumber  regions  of  that 
section.  "  It  was  a  celebrated  resort  for  trav- 
elers, who  delighted  to  stop  at  this  old  hostlery, 
where  bountiful  meals  and  clean  beds  were  aiforded, 
and  where  a  quiet  night  might  be  spent  without 
fear  of  the  clamor  arising  from  much  drinking." 
It  was,  also,  a  central  point  for  stages  run- 
ning between  Philadelphia  and  Atlantic  County. 
After  Albertson's  retirement,  Uziel  Bareford  was 
the  landlord,  and  was  followed  by  John  R.  Duble. 
Since  1878  John  Inskeep  Brick  has  carried  on  the 
interests  at  this  place,  having  both  the  store  and 
the  tavern.  Being  centrally  located,  the  town- 
meetings,  and  elections  of  Winslow  township  are 
here  held. 

Blue  Anchor  was  selected  a  number  of  years 
ago  by  Dr.  John  Haskell  and  others  as  the  seat  of 
a  Spiritualistic  community,  and  with  the  purpose 
of  building  up  a  village  after  the  pattern  of  Vine- 
land.  'About  twenty-five  families  located  lands. 


in  small  tracts,  upon  which  a  number  of  houses 
were  built,  but  the  death  of  Dr.  John  Haskell  and 
the  disagreement  among  the  members  as  to  the 
true  policy  of  the  community,  had  a  depressing 
efiect  upon  its  prospects.  Many  removed,  and 
those  remaining  failed  to  carry  out  the  original 
purpose.  Lately  a  number  of  improvements  have 
been  made,  and,  as  the  land  is  rich  and  favorably 
located,  a  thriving  settlement  may  soon  be  estab- 
lished. 

Winslow  Junction  and  Rosedale  are  on  the  same 
line  of  railway,  southeast  from  Blue  Anchor,  but 
have  no  interests  of  importance.  A  few  miles  from 
the  former  place,  on  the  Camden  and  Atlantic 
Railroad,  is  the  station  of 

Ancoea. — The  settlement  is  new,  and  hardly 
assumes  the  appearance  of  a  village.  Fruit-cul- 
ture is  the  principal  occupation. 

In  the  southwestern  part  of  the  township,  on  the 
Great  Egg  Harbor  River,  is  an  old  landmark, 
widely  known  as  Inskeep's  Mill.  It  was  erected 
prior  to  1762,  when  John  Inskeep  made  a  survey 
at  this  point,  wherein  which  the  location  of  the 
mill  is  noted.  Inskeep  lived  at  Marlton,  Bur- 
lington County,  but  owned  a  large  tract  of  land  on 
Great  Egg  Harbor  River,  and  on  account  of  the 
fine  timber  growing  in  that  locality,  made  the  cut- 
ting of  the  same  at  his  saw-mill  profitable.  On  the 
adjoining  hill  he  had  a  deer  park,  fenced  with  rails, 
and  so  high  that  the  animals  inclosed  seldom  es- 
caped. The  park  contained  about  fifty  acres,  and  it 
was  not  intended  to  confine  the  animals  for  a  hunt, 
but  simply  to  have  in  readiness  a  fat  buck  should 
the  owner  want  one  when  the  teams  were  returning 
home  with  lumber.  They  were  generally  secured 
by  stealth  at  night,  a  torch-light  being  used  to 
lure  them.  As  Inskeep's  mill  was  the  only  place 
where  the  river  could  be  forded,  hence  a  trail 
from  the  Atlantic  to  Burlington  County  passed  that 
way  and  was  much  used  by  both  whites  and  Indians. 
The  mill  has  been  abandoned  and  the  property 
owned  by  the  Hay  estate.  Northwest  from  this 
place  E.  A.  Russell  erected  a  steam  grist-mill 
in  1882,  which  was  destroyed  by  fire  the  same 
year.  It  was  immediately  rebuilt  by  him  and  has 
since  been  in  operation. 

In  the  northern  part  of  the  township  is  the  old 
Spring  Garden  tavern-stand,  so  long  kept  by  David 
Albertson  family,  and  after  his  death  by  his  wife, 
Rebecca.  In  the  days  of  travel  by  wagon  the  place 
had  considerable  prominence,  but  has  long  since 
been  abandoned  as  a  hotel. 

On  the  Atlantic  County  line,  about  two  miles 
from  Winslow  Junction,  is  the  hamlet  of 

Elm. — It  is  a  station  on  the  New  Jersey  South- 


698 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


ern  Railroad,  and  contains  a  post-ofiSce,  a  store, 
school-house,  Methodist  Church  and  the  homes  of 
about  forty  families.  Most  of  these  find  occupa- 
tion in  fruit  culture.  The  hamlet  is  new,  but  has 
had  an  active  growth  since  its  existence. 

WiNSLOW  Junction  is  eligibly  located,  at  the 
crossing  of  the  New  Jersey  Southeru  Railroad  and 
the  Caoiden  and  Atlantic  and  the  Philadelphia  and 
Atlantic  City  Railways,  whose  tracks,  at  this  point, 
run  parallel  to  each  other.  No  improvements  be- 
yond the  erection  of  the  station  building  have 
been  made,  as  the  real  estate  has  not  been  avail- 
able for  settlement  until  within  the  past  year. 
The  Hay  estate  has  recently  surveyed  some  of  the 
adjoining  lands  into  lots,  which  makes  it  possi- 
ble to  utilize  the  advantages  which  this  location 
offers  for  residence  and  manufacturing  purposes. 

WiNSLOW. — This  is  the  largest  village  in  the 
township,  having  a  population  of  about  five  hun- 
dred. It  has  a  station  on  the  Camden  and  Atlantic 
Railroal  and  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Rail- 
road, a  mile  from  ihe  junction  of  the  two.  The 
location  is  pleasant,  but  as  the  place  was  founded 
for  a  manufacturing  village,  and  is  wholly  devoted 
to  the  glass-works  there  carried  on,  it  has  never 
become  important  as  a  trading  point.  The  entire 
village,  and  hundreds  of  acres  surrounding  it,  con- 
sisting of  a  highly  cultivated  farm  ;  and  forests  in 
their  primeval  condition,  are  the  property  of  the 
children  of  Andrew  K.  Hay  deceased,  successor  to 
William  Coffin,  Sr.,  who  originated  these  enter- 
prises. He  was  the  proprietor  of  the  Hammonton 
Glass-Works,  but,  in  1831,  began  the  improvements 
from  which  have  sprung  the  extensive  Winslow 
Glass-Works.  At  that  time  the  site  was  a  dense 
forest,  and  his  son  William  Coffin,  Jr.,  afterward 
proprietor  of  the  works  and  the  first  man  to  fell  a 
tree  to  make  a  clearing  on  which  to  build  the 
works  and  the  village  connected  with  it.  He 
named  the  place  Winslow,  in  compliment  to  his 
youngest  son,  Edward  Winslow  Coffin,  and  when 
the  township  was  formed,  fourteen  years  later,  this 
name  was  also  adopted.  The  elder  Coffin  associ- 
ated his  eldest  son,  William,  with  him,  and  busi- 
ness was  transacted  as  William  Coffin,  Jr.,  &  Co. 
In  1833  the  senior  William  Coffin  retired,  and  a 
brother-in-law  of  William  Coffin,  Jr.,  Thomas  J. 
Perce  became  a  member  of  the  firm,  which  now 
was  Coffin  &  Perce.  This  relation  continued  until 
the  death  of  the  latter,  in  1835,  when  William 
Coffin,  Jr.,  became  the  sole  owner  of  the  Winslow 
works.  He  operated  them  himself  until  1838, 
when  he  sold  a  half  interest  to  another  brother-in- 
law,  Andrew  K.  Hay,  the  firm  becoming  Coffin, 
&  Hay.     Mr.  Hay  was  a  practical  glass-maker. 


and  also  interested  in  the  Hammonton  works, 
where  he  was  the  partner  of  another  brother- 
in-law,  Bodine  Coffin.  At  Winslow  the  works 
were  carried  on  by  the  two  partners  some  time, 
when  a  third  partner  was  admitted  to  the  firm 
in  the  person  of  Tristram  Bowdle.  The  old  co- 
partnership of  Coffin,  Hay  &  Bowdle  continued 
until  1847,  when  William  Coffin,  Jr.,  sold  his 
interest  to  Edward  Winslow  Coffin  and  John  B. 
Hay,  and  the  firm  became  Hay,  Bowdle  &  Co.  lu 
1850  Tristram  Bowdle  retired  from  the  business, 
and,  a  year  later,  E.  W.  Coffin  sold  his  interest  to 
Andrew  K.  Hay,  who,  with  his  nephew,  John  B. 
Hay,  now  became  the  sole  owners  of  the  property. 
They  at  once  began  extending  their  business,  mak- 
ing extensive  improvements  in  the  works  and  build- 
ing up  the  village.  In  1852  an  artesian  well  was 
driven  to  the  depth  of  three  hundred  and  fifteen 
feet  to  obtain  a  supply  of  water  for  the  steam  grist- 
mill, which  established  the  geological  fact  that 
the  green  sand  marl  formation  which  crops  out  at 
Kirkwood  is  here  found  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet 
below  the  surface.  Andrew  K.  Hay  continued  at 
the  head  of  the  business  until  his  death,  February 
17,  1881,  at  the  age  of  seventy-two  years.  He  was 
a  native  of  Massachusetts,  of  Scotch  parentage, 
and  was  distinguished  for  his  enterprise  and  correct 
business  habits.  John  B.  Hay  and  the  heirs  of 
Andrew  K.  Hay  carried  on  the  works  until  1884, 
when  John  B.  Hay  withdrew,  since  which  time 
they  have  been  operated  under  a  lease  by  Tillyer 
Bros.,  Philadelphia.  The  manufacturing  interests 
consist  of  a  large  steam  grist  and  saw-mill,  two 
■  large  window-glass  factories,  a  hollow-ware  fac- 
tory, a  large  store  and  about  one  hundred  tene- 
ments. Several  hundred  men  and  boys  are  em- 
ployed, many  of  the  operatives  having  been  con- 
nected with  the  works  for  a  long  term  of  years. 
The  works  have  good  Shipping  facilities,  and  the 
quality  of  glass  here  produced  is  superior.  A  post- 
office  is  maintained  in  the  store  of  the  company, 
and  the  village  has  a  public  hall,  a  Roman  Catho- 
lic Chapel  and  a  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

William  Coffin,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  February  29,  1801.  His  ancestry  is  notable 
in  both  the  paternal  and  maternal  lines.  His 
father,  William  Coffin,  was  a  direct  descendant 
from  Tristram  Coffin,  who  settled  in  Massachusetts 
as  early  as  1642,  and  the  family  has  been  conspic- 
uous in  the  New  England  States  to  the  present 
time.  The  oldest  traceable  ancestor  came  from 
Normandy  with  William  the  Conqueror  into  Eng- 
land, and  was  the  recipient  of  a  landed  estate  from 
his  commander  for  valuable  services  rendered. 

His   mother,  Ann   Bodine  (a  daughter  -of  Joel 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  WINSLOW. 


699 


Bodine),  was  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  French 
Huguenot  families— banished  for  their  religious 
views,  and  who  came  to  America  and  infused  the 
best  blood  of  their  native  land  into  the  veins  of 
many  prominent  citizens. 

William  Coffin,  the  grandfather,  came  into  New 
Jersey  in  1768,  settling  in  Burlington  County,  and 
died  about  the  beginning  of  the  Kevolutionary 
War.  When  William,  Jr.  (and  the  fifth  of  the 
name  in  direct  succession),  was  about  one  year 
old  his  parents  removed  from  Philadelphia  into 
Gloucester  County,  New  Jersey,  and  settled  at 
New  Freedom,  about  three  miles  south  of  Long- 
a-Coming  (Berlin).  This  was  a  settlement  of 
Friends,  where  a  meeting-house  then  stood,  and 
where  a  burial-place  is  still  maintained.  Remain- 
ing here  but  a  short  time,  they  removed  to  the 
"Sailor  Boy"  tavern,  which  was  at  that  time,  and 
remained  for  many  years  after,  one  of  the  principal 
stopping-places  for  travelers  in  going  from  the 
"  Shore"  to  Philadelphia. 

This  hostelry  stood  by  the  main   stage  road, 
nearly  midway  between  the  Delaware  River  and 
the  ocean,  in  the  midst  of  the  pine  forests,  and 
where  the  several  highways  going  "up  shore"  and 
"  down  shore "  left  the  main  road  to  Absecom ; 
hence  travelers  were  frequent  and  business  plenty. 
In   1803  John  R.  Coates   became  the  owner  of 
several  tracts  of  land  in  the  middle  part  of  what 
was  then  Gloucester  County,  and  erected  a  saw- 
mill on  one  of  the  branches  of  Mullicas  River  that 
passed  through  it.    William  Coffin  attended  to  the 
building  of  the  dam  and  mill  and  a  few  dwellings, 
one  of  which  he  occupied.     He  named  the  place 
Hammonton   in   remembrance  of  his  son,    John 
Hammond.    In  1814  he  purchased  the  land,  and  in 
1819  conveyed  one-half  to  Jonathan  Haines,  and 
they  at  once  began  the  erection  of  a  glass  factory. 
Here  began  the  business  education  of  William 
Coffin,  Jr.     By  means  of  the  country  schoolmaster, 
and  through  the  aid  of  his  father,  he  had  acquired 
some  knowledge  of  figures  and  writing,  which  were 
rapidly  improved  by  his  varied  employments  about 
the  factory.     As  clerk  in  the  store,  the  buyer  of 
goods    in   Philadelphia  and   general   accountant 
among  the  workmen,  he  improved  his  business 
methods  and  became  the  more  useful  to  his  father. 
In  1823  he  was  made  partner  and  so  continued 
for  five  years,  when  he,  with  three  other  persons, 
under  the  name  of  Coffin,  Pearsall  &  Co.,  estab- 
lished a  glass-works  at  Millville,  in  Cumberland 
County,  N.  J.     There  he  remained  for  two  years, 
when  he  returned  to  Hammonton  and  again  became 
a  partner  there. 

In  1829  William  Coffin,  Sr.,  purchased  several 


adjoining  tracts  of  timber  land  lying  about  six 
miles  northwest  from  Hammonton,  in  Camden 
County,  and,  with  William,  Jr.,  and  his  son-in-law, 
T.  Jefferson  Perce,  erected  a  glass  factory  within 
the  land  of  the  same.  This  was  called  Winslow, 
for  his  youngest  son,  who  bears  the  honored  name 
of  one  of  the  foremost  men  of  New  England  in 
colonial  times.  In  1834  the  title  to  the  land  was 
conveyed  to  the  two  last-named  persons,  who  con- 
tinued the  business  until  1837,  when  T.  J.  Perce 
died,  and  William  Coffin,  Jr  ,  became  sole  owner. 
The  next  year  Andrew  K.  Hay,  another  son-in- 
law,  became  part  owner  of  Winslow,  and  in  1847 
William  Coffin,  Jr.,  retired  from  the  business  by 
conveying  his  remaining  interest  to  Tristram 
Bowdell,  Edward  W.  Coffin  and  John  B.  Hay. 
For  twenty-eight  years,  it  will  be  seen,  he  was  ac- 
tively engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  glass,  in  the 
beginning  but  little  understood,  and  dependent  on 
foreign  operatives.  With  characteristic  energy  he 
kept  pace  with  every  improvement,  and  was  a  firm 
adherent  to  the  favorite  policy  of  Henry  Clay  in 
the  protection  of  home  manufactures.  He  cer- 
tainly exemplified  it  in  the  development  of  that 
particular  industry,  the  benefits  of  which,  in  that 
section  of  country,  can  be  traced  to  his  foresight 
and  liberality. 

Although  William  Coffin,  Jr.,  retired  with  an 
ample  fortune,  yet  he  soon  entered  into  a  new 
enterprise.  He  associated  himself  with  Professor 
J.  C.  Booth,  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  experiment  of 
refining  nickel  and  cobalt,  it  being  the  first  attempt 
in  that  direction  made  in  this  country.  It  proved 
successful,  and  in  1852  the  business  was  removed 
to  Camden,  N.  J.,  on  Coopers  Creek,  and  much 
enlarged.  These  works  are  now  owned  by  Joseph 
Wharton,  Esq.,  who  continued  the  business.  In 
1850,  with  a  few  others,  he  founded  the  gas  works 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  and  soon  after  established  the 
gas  works  in  the  city  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

About  this  time  he  removed  to  Haddonfield  and 
erected  a  handsome  private  residence,  where  he 
resided  for  several  years,  dispensing  a  liberal  hos- 
pitality to  the  many  friends  who  surrounded  him. 

In  the  inception  and  completion  of  the  Camden 
and  Atlantic  Railroad  he  took  an  active  part  and 
lived  to  see  it  in  successful  operation.  Passing  as 
it  did  through  lands  formerly  owned  by  himself 
and  a  section  of  the  country  with  which  he  was 
familiar,  he  could  appreciate  its  advantages  and 
understand  its  benefits. 

Disposing  of  his  residence  in  Haddonfield,  he 
removed  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  died  February 
29,  1872,  leaving  a  widow,  Ruth  Ann  (a  daughter 
of  John  Dean,  and  whom  he  married  in  1829),  and 


700 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


ODe  daughter.  His  life  was  an  active  one,  and 
proves  what  industry,  enterprise  and  business  in- 
tegrity will  do. 

WiNSLOW  Lodge,  No.  40,  I.  0.  O.  F.,  was  in- 
stituted May  18,  1846,  with  the  following  as  the 
iirst  officers:  E.  W.  Coffin,  Noble  Grand;  Uziel 
Bareford,  Vice-Grand ;  Wm.  S.  Fort,  Sec. ;  John 
H.  Coffin,  Treas.  The  first  meetings  were  held  in 
one  of  the  factory  buildings,  but  in  1848  a  regular 
lodge-room  was  secured  in  the  public  building 
erected  by  the  Winslow  Hall  Association.  This 
body  was  composed  of  members  of  the  lodge,  citi- 
zens and  A.  K.  Hay,  the  latter  holding  three-fifths 
of  the  stock.  As  originally  built,  the  hall  was  a 
two-story  frame  edifice,  costing  two  thousand  dol- 
lars, but  it  was  enlarged  and  improved  in  1880,  at 
a  cost  of  six  hundred  dollars  more.  The  lower 
story  forms  a  roomy  hall,  which  is  supplied  with  a 
good  stage.  The  lodge-room  is  neatly  furnished, 
and  has  been  continuously  occupied  since  1848. 
In  1886  the  number  of  members  belonging  was 
eighty-five,  and  the  lodge  had  a  working  capital 
of  three  thousand  dollars.  Its  principal  officers 
are, — Noble  Grand,  William  Baird;  Vice-Grand, 
Thomas  Moore;  Treasurer,  William  F.  Swissler; 
Secretary,  C.  B.  Westcott. 

WiNSLOw  Encampment,  No.  16,  I.  O.  O.  F., 
was  instituted  March  25,  1847,  with  the  following 
officers:  A.  K.  Hay,  C.  P.;  E.  W.  Coffin,  H.  P.; 
Jas.  A.  Hay,  S.  W.;  Sylvester  Chase,  J.  W,;  Jas. 
Risley,  Scribe.  By  the  organization  of  other  en- 
campments the  membership  of  No.  16  has  been 
much  diminished,  reducing  the  number  belonging 
in  1886  to  thirteen.  At  the  same  time  the  officers 
were,— C.  P.,  H.  M.  Jewett ;  H.  P.,  Wm.  F.  Sem- 
ple;  Treasurer,  Wm.  Brayman ;  Scribe,  0.  P. 
Westcott. 

The  hall  has  also  been  occupied  by  a  division  of 
Sons  of  Temperance  and  a  lodge  of  Good  Tem- 
plars, both  of  which  have  discontinued  their  meet- 
ings. An  assembly  of  the  Knights  of  Labor,  or- 
ganized a  few  years  ago,  now  meets  statedly,  and 
is  reported  in  a  flourishing  condition. 

New  Hopewell  (Friends')  Meeting-House. 
— About  the  middle  of  the  last  century  a  number 
of  Friends  settled  in  what  is  now  the  upper  part  of 
Winslow  township,  where  they  soon  after  estab- 
lished a  meeting.  For  this  purpose  several  acres 
of  land  were  secured  from  William  Norcross,  on 
the  old  Egg  Harbor  road,  about  two  miles  from 
Wilton  Station,  and  below  the  main  line  of  the 
Philadelphia  and  Atlantic  City  Railroad.  Upon 
this  was  built  a  small,  plain,  one-story  frame  meet- 
ing-house, and  a  graveyard  was  opened  on  the  same 
grou  nd,  which  was  occupied  abou  t  fi  fty  years.    The 


principal  founders  and  members  of  the  meetiug 
were  William  Norcross  and  his  sons,  Uriah  and 
Job,  Thomas  Penn,  George  Sloan,  Jonathan  Jones, 
John  Brown,  Abraham  Watson,  Abraham  Brown, 
John  Shinn,  James  Thornton,  William  Peacock, 
David  Tice,  William  Boulton,  Isaiah  Clutch, 
John  Duble  and  Joseph  Peacock.  Of  these,  John 
Shinn  was  a  speaker  of  power  and  acceptance, 
who  took  up  his  residence  in  this  isolated  locality 
to  escape  the  praise  of  those  who  admired  his 
preaching  in  the  older  meetings.  In  his  own 
words  this  purpose  was  expressed  :  "  I  came  to 
these  wilds  to  avoid  the  praise  of  man,  lest  I  be- 
come vain  and  forget  the  fear  of  the  Lord."  The 
natural  sterility  of  the  soil  and  the  location  of  the 
meeting-house  on  a  road  which  was  seldom  trav- 
eled, after  more  direct  thoroughfares  were  opened, 
was  unfavorable  to  the  prosperity  of  the  meeting, 
which  was  now  only  irregularly  held,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Evesham  Monthly  Meeting.  This 
relation  is  shown  from  a  minute  of  the  latter  meet- 
ing. Second  Month  8,  1794 : 

"Friends  appointed  in  the  11  Mo.  last,  to  have 
the  oversight  of  the  meeting  held  at  a  place  called 
New  Hopewell,  reported  their  attention  thereto, 
and  that  Friends  there  were  careful  in  the  attend- 
ance thereof.  And  the  Friends  who  constitute 
that  meeting  request  liberty  to  hold  meetings  as 
heretofore  for  three  montlis,  which  the  meeting 
taking  into  consideration  unites  in  the  continu- 
ance thereof,  for  two  months,  and  Enoch  Evans, 
Isaac  Boulton,  Joshua  Stokes  and  Ephraim  Stratton 
are  appointed  to  have  the  oversight  thereof  and 
to  report  to  this  meeting  in  4'"  Mo.  next."  This 
arrangement  was  continued  some  years,  when  the 
death  of  some  of  the  older  Friends  and  the  re- 
moval of  others  had  so  much  diminished  the 
membership  that  the  meeting  was  finally  "'  laid 
down"  in  1819,  and  the  later  business  records  re- 
moved to  Evesham,  Burlington  County,  where 
they  now  remain,  in  charge  of  the  clerk  of  that 
meeting.  From  them  may  be  obtained  informa- 
tion in  regard  to  families,  now  wholly  extinct, 
which  would  assist  in  unraveling  many  genealog- 
ical difficulties  connected  with  the  first  settlers  of 
this  part  of  the  county. 

After  1820  the  old  meeting-house  was  removed 
by  Job  Norcross,  and  rebuilt  as  a  two-story  dwell- 
ing, on  the  Blue  Anchor  road,  not  quite  a  mile 
from  its  old  site,  where  it  is  now  occupied  as  the 
home  of  William  Norcross.  The  grave-yard  was 
preserved  by  the  Friends,  and  burials  of  their  de- 
scendants have  since  been  made  there.  It  is  the 
only  reminder  of  the  once  familiar  landmark, 
which  was  the  centre  of  a  populous  settlement  of 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OP  WINSLOW. 


,701 


professing  Christians,  who  have  long  since  passed 
away.  Although  the  names  of  many  are  no  longer 
remembered,  the  impress  of  their  consistent  lives 
may  yet  be  seen  in  the  best  traditions  of  the  neigh- 
borhood Their  influence  for  truth  and  justice 
continues  to  this  day. 

In  1883  the  Friends  relinquished  their  interest 
in  the  grave-yard  in  favor  of  the  people  of  Wins- 
low,  who  selected  a  board  of  trustees  to  control  the 
same.  The  members  were  Samuel  T.  Peacock, 
Job  Eldridge,  Matthias  Simmerman,  George 
Norcross  and  George  Peacock.  Under  their  di- 
rection the  cemetery  was  substantially  inclosed, 
and  though  in  a  spot  isolated  from  any  other  kind 
of  improvement,  it  shows  the  care  which  is  be- 
stowed on  it.  In  the  ground  are  the  following 
marked  graves : 

Job  NorcroBB,  died  in  1854,  aged  seventy-five  years. 

Eev.  Benj.  Y.  Tliackara,  died  1864,  aged  seventy-four  years. 

Ann  Thacl^ara,  died  1857,  aged  seveuty-three  years. 

Elizabeth  Thaclcara,  died  1847,  aged  forty-four  yeai-s. 

Thomas  Penn,  died  1831,  aged  eiglity  years. 

Rutli  Penn,  died  1837,  aged  eighty-one  years. 

George  Penn,  died  1863,  aged  seventy-three  years. 

Sarah  Penn,  died  1795,  aged  three  years. 

Joseph  Peacocls,  died  1855,  aged  seventy-one  years. 

Taniar  Peacock,  died  1869,  aged  eighty-one  years. 

James  Ware,  died  1865,  aged  sixty- five  yeai-s. 

Butb  Ware,  died  1855,  aged  fifty-seven  years. 

Joshua  Eldridge,  died  1851,  aged  eighty-seven  years. 

Amy  Eldridge,  died  1846,  aged  seventy-two  years. 

James  Githens,  died  1864,  aged  fifty-two  years. 

Baptist  Church  at  Tansboeo'. — Some  of  the 
early  settlers  of  this  locality  entertained  the  Baptist 
faith  and  had  occasional  meetings  in  the  New  Free- 
dom Church,  the  minister  coming  from  Evesham, 
in  Burlington  County.  An  increase  of  interest 
caused  an  organization  to  be  formed  and  measures 
were  taken  to  erect  a  church.  January  10,  1841, 
James  Cain  donated  an  acre  of  land  at  Tansboro', 
on  which  such  a  building  might  be  erected,  con- 
veying the  same  to  Elijah  Briant,  Charles  Kain, 
Joseph  Porter,  James  Cain  and  John  Cain,  "  Trus- 
tees appointed  by  and  with  the  consent  of  the 
Baptist  Church,  at  Evesham,  in  trust  for  the  Bap- 
tist denomination  of  Tansboro'  and  its  vicinity,  of 
the  same  faith  and  order  as  th^  Baptist  Church  at 
Evesham,  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  Baptist 
Church  in  said  place."  The  meeting-house — a 
frame  structure — was  soon  after  built,  and,  on  the 
3d  of  May,  1845,  the  church  became  a  corporate 
body,  with  John  Johnson,  Joseph  Heritage  and 
Charles  H.  French  as  truslees.  In  the  course  of 
years,  after  meetings  had  been  regularly  held  for 
some  time,  the  membership  was  so  much  dimin- 
ished that  services  were  discontinued.  Since  1865 
no  meetings  were  held  and  the  house  was  allowed 
to  go  to  ruin.     On  the  15th  of  September,  1874, 


William  B.  French  and  Chalkley  Haines,  the  sur- 
viving trustees,  conveyed  the  property  to  the  West 
New  Jersey  Baptist  Association,  in  which  body  the 
title  now  rests,  but  no  effort  has  been  made  to  im- 
prove it.  The  walls  of  the  old  church  remain — ■ 
grim  reminders  of  the  devastating  influence  of 
time,  and  those  who  once  worshipped  there  are 
scarcely  remembered  by  the  present  generation. 

The  New  Freedom  Church. — Some  time  after 
1810  the  citizens  of  this  locality  united  in  building  a 
house  for  public  meetings,  in  which  various  denom- 
inations held  services,  those  of  the  Methodists  pre- 
dominating.    After  the  organization  of  societies  at 
Sicklerville  and  Tansboro'  by  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal branch,  the    Methodist   Protestants   estab- 
lished regular  services  at  this  place.     Their  first 
meetings  were  held  in  the  old  church,  but  in  1867 
a  new  church  was  built  in  the  same  locality,  which 
has  since  been  occupied.     The  lot  on  which  the 
house   stands   was  donated  by  Daniel   Thackara, 
and  the  building  committee  was  composed  of  Isaac 
S.  Peacock,  Joseph  Buzby,  Samuel  Bittle,  Eev.  J. 
K.  Freed   and   Ezra  Lake.     It  is  a  plain    frame 
structure,    thirty    by   forty-eight    feet,   and    cost 
twenty-three  hundred   dollars.     On  the   14th   of 
May,  1868,  the   church   became  an   incorporated 
body,  with  the  following  trustees :  Jacob  K.  Freed, 
•  Samuel  B.  Bittle,  Isaiah  E.  Gibson,  Joseph  Wat- 
son and  James  H.  Howard.     The  membership  of 
the  church  is  small,  not  exceeding  twenty  in  May, 
1886.    The  congregation  had  occasional  services 
in   connection  with  the   church  at  Cedar  Brook. 
The  latter  building  was  put  up  in  1885,  chiefly  by 
John  E.  Duble,  Samuel  Peacock,  Ed.  McCullough 
and  Wesley  Bates,  for   the   use    of  religious   so- 
cieties in  that  locality.  The  Methodists  worshipping 
here  are  few  in  numbers,  almost   all  the  members 
being  females.    The  many  changes  of  residence  of 
the  members  of  the  foregoing  churches  have  made  it 
impossible  or  diflSicult  to  maintain  the  organiza- 
tion,  and,   in   consequence,   the  records  kept  by 
them  are  very  fragmentary  and  their  history  not 
connected.     It  is  a  matter  worthy  of  note,  though, 
that  after  the  decease   or  removal  of  the   elder 
Friends  most  of  the  younger  element  connected 
itself  with  other  Protestant  Churches  instead  of 
adhering  to  the  faith  of  their  fathers,  and  as  they 
exercised  the  greatest  freedom  of  choice,  this  may 
account  for  the  number  of  denominational  efforts 
in  this  part  of  the  county,  more  societies  being  or- 
ganized than   it  was   possible  to   maintain  in   a 
countryjust  passing  through  its  transition  stages. 
In    the     grave-yard    connected  with    the    New 
Freedom  Church  are  interred,  among    others,  the 
following : 


V02 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


William  Curtis,  died  1863,  aged  sixty-threa  years. 
Hannah  Curtie,  died  1862,  aged  flfty-nine  years. 
Cornelius  Curtis,  died  1880,  aged  forty-eight  years. 
Gilbert  Kellum,  died  18«,  aged  sixty-four  years. 

William  Kellum,  died  1820,  aged . 

Martha  Crowley,  died  1881,  aged  ninety-one  years. 
Josiah  Tice,  died  1847,  aged  thirty-four  years. 
Emanuel  Bodine,  died  1880,  aged  fifty-three  years. 
Edward  G.  Brown,  died  1862,  aged  forty-six  years. 
Samuel  G.  Settle,  died  1874,  aged  thirty  six  years. 

The  yard  shows  signs  of  neglect  and  is  not  so 
much  used  as  in  former  periods. 

Tansboeo'  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. — 
After  holding  their  meetings  in  the  old  New 
Freedom  Church  a  number  of  years,  the  Method- 
ist congregatian  erected  a  new  church  at  Tans- 
horo'  in  1857.  The  house  is  a  plain  frame,  having 
a  seating  capacity  for  a  few  hundred  worshippers, 
and  was  built  on  a  lot  donated  by  John  Carroll. 
Those  active  in  it  were  Samuel  Butler,  Henry 
Brown,  .Matthias  Simmerman,  James  Dill  and 
Michael  Earling,  serving  as  a  committee  for  the 
congregation.  The  church  has  sustained  various 
circuit  relations,  being  associated  with  Sicklerville 
and  at  present  with  Atco,  having  no  regular  min- 
ister. When  connected  with  the  former,  among  the 
preachers  were  the  Revs.  Johnson,  Moore,  Stock- 
ton, Morgan,  Shimp,  Tunneycliflf",  Reeves,  Engard 
and  Murrell.  The  membership  has  been  fluctuat- 
ing, owing  to  the  changes  at  the  glass-works,  but, 
in  May,  1886,  the  number  belonging  was  sixty, 
and  the  trustees  were  W.  T.  Sickler,  Henry 
Besser,  Jacob  Besser,  Michael  Burdsall,  Abraham 
Burdsall  and  George  Robinson.  The  latter  is  also 
superintendent  of  a  flourishing  Sunday-school. 

The  Sicklerville  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church. — The  first  Methodist  meetings  in  this  lo- 
cality were  held  at  private  houses  and  in  the  school- 
house,  most  of  the  preaching  being  done  by  John 
Sickler,  a  local  preacher ;  and  the  members  were  his 
sous,  Christopher,  John  and  William,  with  their 
families,  and  Joseph  Jones.  About  1837  William 
Sickler  set  aside  an  acre  of  land  for  church  purposes, 
and  soon  after  the  neighbors  united  in  building  a 
small  frame  house  thereon.  Here  schools  were 
kept  during  the  week  and  religious  meetings  on 
the  Sabbath,  the  attendants  coming  many  miles. 
Some  time  after,  Sickler  donated  an  additional 
acre  of  land  on  which  to  establish  a  cemetery, 
deeding  the  whole,  in  trust,  to  John  Sickler,  John 
Barton,  Christopher  Sickler  and  Thomas  Lashley. 
The  old  building  was  used  until  1859,  when  the 
present  church  was  erected  in  its  stead.  It  is  a  neat 
frame  structure,  thirty-five  by  forty-five  feet,  which 
has  been  made  attractive  by  recent  improvements. 
In  1886  the  property  was  in  charge  of  trustees 
William  Andrew,  William  Shreve,  S.   W.  Sickler, 


and  Paul  H.  Sickler.  The  latter  has  been  a  local 
preacher  the  past  twenty  years.  The  membership 
of  the  church  is  small,  the  entire  number  not 
exceeding  twenty-five,  and  the  pastoral  service  is 
in  connection  with  churches  in  Gloucester  County, 
but  for  many  years  it  was  joined  to  Tansboro'  in 
forming  a  charge.  A  Sunday-school  of  sixty  mem- 
bers has  Sears  W.  Sickler  as  its  superintendent.  It 
was  organized  soon  after  the  class  was  formed  by 
Paul  H.  and  John  J.  Sickler. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  at 
WiNSLOW.— In  1840  Wm.  Coffin  and  A.  K.  Hay 
deeded  a  lot  of  land  in  the  village  of  Winslow  to 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Society,  who  erected  a 
small  frame  meeting-house  thereon  the  same  year, 
but  before  this  time  an  organization  had  been 
effected,  the  first  religious  services  being  held  in 
the  school-house,  on  an  adjoining  lot.  The  original 
church  building  has  been  repaired  and  was  en- 
larged by  the  addition  of  a  pulpit  recess.  In 
1886  its  trustees  are  C.  P.  Westcott,  H.  M. 
Jewett,  William  D.  Haines,  William  Brayman 
and  George  H.  Long.  Being,  for  a  number  of 
years,  the  only  church  in  the  village,  the  member- 
ship was  correspondingly  large,  and  for  the  past 
twenty  years  Winslow  has  sustained  the  relation 
of  being  a  separate  charge,  the  appointment  at  Elm 
being  added  the  present  year.  Under  this  arrange- 
ment the  Rev.  Thomas  Wilson  was  the  first  pastor, 
the  Rev.  Samuel  S.  Belleville  being  the  present. 
The  church  has  a  membership  of  sixty-five,  in- 
cluding probationary  members,  and  maintains  a 
Sunday-school  which  has  eighty  members.  The 
proprietors  of  Winslow  not  only  encouraged  the 
building  of  the  church,  but  they  also  set  aside  a 
fine  building,  which  is  nominally  the  parsonage, 
and  contribute  freely  to  the  support  of  the  religious 
work.  This  liberal  policy  has  had  a  wholesome 
effect  upon  the  morals  of  the  community. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  at  Elisi 
is  a  new  edifice,  having  been  erected  in  1884, 
mainly  by  the  efforts  of  the  Rev.  Alexander  Gil- 
more,  of  the  United  States  army,  a  resident  of 
this  place,  assisted  by  J.  Chriistie,  H.  L.  Ferris, 
Charles  E.  Albright  and  others.  It  is  a  small  but 
neat  frame  building,  and  well  accommodates  the 
congregation  which  occupies  it.  There  are  about 
thirty  members,  having  the  same  ministerial  ser- 
vice as  the  church  at  Winslow. 

In  the  latter  village  a  small  Catholic  chapel  was 
fitted  up,  in  1884,  by  Mrs.  A.  D.  Squires,  for  the 
accommodation  of  those  entertaining  that  faith, 
numbering  about  twenty  communicants.  Monthly 
services  are  held  by  a  visiting  priest,  the  Rev. 
Father  Von   Kiel,   of    Egg    Harbor  City.      The 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  WINSLOW. 


703 


chapel  has  neat  surroundings.  In  connection 
with  the  Methodist  Church  at  Winslow  is  a  puhlic 
cemetery,  in  which  are  interred  most  of  the 
deceased  who  formerly  lived  in  this  part  of  the 
township. 

The  Greenwood  Oemeteey  Association,  of 
Blue  Anchor,  was  incorporated  January  12,  1885, 
with  Trustees  Henry  Poland,  William  Maxwell. 
William  Hagan,  Joseph  Wilson,  Timothy  Thomp- 
son and  John  I.  Brick,  to  control  a  small  cemetery 
which  was  opened  near  the  Blue  Anchor  tavern. 
The  association  is  non-sectarian. 

BIOGKAPHICAL. 

Andrew  K.  Hay  was  of  German  extraction,  his 
ancestors  in  the  maternal  line  being  among  the 
Hollanders  who  settled  on  the  shores  of  the  Dela- 
ware River  before  the  English  emigrants  arrived. 
He  was  born  in  Massachusetts,  and  after  receiving 
what  education  could  be  obtained  at  that  time,  was 
employed  in  tbe  manufacture  of  window-glass, 
then  but  a  limited  industry  in  the  United  States. 
In  1829,  and  when  quite  a  young  man,  he  came  to 
New  Jersey  and  was  engaged  at  the  Waterford 
Works,  then  owned  by  Porter,  Shreve  &  Co.  He 
soon  removed  to  Hammonton,  then  owned  by  Wil- 
liam Coffin,  and,  in  1832,  married  Ann,  a  daughter 
of  the  proprietor.  William  Coffin  withdrew,  and 
the  works  were  managed  by  his  son,  Bodine  Coffin, 
and  his  son-in-law,  A.  K.  Hay. 

Three  years  after  the  death  of  T.  Jefferson  Perce 
(1838),  who,  with  William  Coffin,  Jr.,  were  operat- 
ing the  window-glass  works  until  1835,  Andrew  K. 
Hay  purchased  an  interest,  and,  with  William  Cof- 
fin, Jr.,  continued  the  business  until  1847,  with  the 
addition  of  Tristram  Bo wdle  as  another  partner. 
In  the  last-named  year  Edward  W.  Coffin  became 
the  owner  of  William  Coffin,  Jr.'s  share,  and  con- 
85 


tinned  until  1851.  In  that  year  Andrew  K.  Hay, 
with  his  nephew,  John  B.  Hay,  acquired  the  entire 
interest,  and  the  firm  of  Hay  &  Co.  was  in  existence 
until  the  death  of  A.  K.  Hay,  in  1881. 

The  firm  kept  pace  with  every  improvement  in 
the  manufacture  of  glass,  and  enlarged  the  busi- 
ness by  the  addition  of  steam  mills  for  grain  and 
timber.  The  idea  that  the  land  in  the  pine  bar- 
rens could  not  be  made  available  for  farming  pur- 
poses was  exploded  at  Winslow,  where  some  five 
hundred  acres  were  under  cultivation,  supplying 
all  the  hay,  grain,  corn,  potatoes  and  other  needs 
of  the  people  about  the  factory  in  that  direction. 

Bottle  furnaces  were  introduced,  which  increased 
in  number  with  the  demand  for  that  kind  of  Ware, 
and  employing  many  other  njen  and  boys  about  the 
establishment.  In  1849  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
Congress,  serving  one  term,  but  refused  a  second 
election,  as  his  extensive  business  at  home  required 
his  personal  attention.  He  was  offered  other  po- 
litical promotions,  but  always  declined  for  the 
reasons  before  stated. 

The  first  suggestions  as  to  the  building  of  the 
Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad  met  his  approval, 
and  the  project  had  no  more  I'aithful  supporter 
from  the  beginning  to  the  completion.  The  ad- 
vantage it  would  be  to  his  own  landed  estate  was 
worth  some  risk,  which  he  met  as  the  work  pro- 
gressed. 

Andrew  K.  Hay  was  truly  a  self-made  man. 
Being  familiar  with  every  detail  of  his  business, 
he  was  never  dependent  on  others  in  matters  of 
judgment  or  experience.  His  success  in  life  may 
be  traced  to  these  material  points,  and  illustrate 
the  benefits  thus  to  be  derived.  He  was  popular 
among  those  he  employed,  and  had  the  confidence 
of  all  who  knew  him.     He  died  February  7,  1881. 


THE    TOWNSHIP    OF    CENTRE. 


CHAPTER   XVI. 

Surface  and  Soil— Early  Settlers  and  Descendants — The  Hnggs, 
Brownings,  Hillmans,  Hinchmans,  Thornes,  Glovers  and  later 
Comers— Civil  History— Village  of  Snow  Hill— Societies— Chnrches 
— Magnolia— Guinea  Town — Mount  Ephraim. 

TOPOGEAPHY. — This  township  is  bounded  as 
follows :  On  the  north,  by  Haddon  township,  from 
which  it  is  separated  by  the  south  branch  of  New- 
ton Creek;  on  the  northeast  by  Delaware  town- 
ship, separated  in  part  by  a  branch  of  Coopers 
Creek ;  on  the  east  and  south  by  Gloucester  town- 
ship ;  on  the  south  and  west  by  Deptford  town- 
ship, in  Gloucester  County,  being  separated  there- 
from by  Great  Timber  Creek  ;  and  on  the  west  by 
Gloucester  City. 

The  general  surface  of  the  township  is  level, 
though  elevated  in  some  localities  to  have  the  ap- 
pearance of  hills,  chief  among  which  are  Mount 
Ephraim  and  Irish  Hill.  The  latter  was  used  be- 
fore the  era  of  telegraphs  for  signal  purposes,  be- 
ing one  of  a  number  of  places  in  a  chain  of  com- 
munication from  Wilmington  to  New  York.  On 
Irish  Hill  a  tall  oak-tree  was  used  as  the  base  of  a 
station,  which  was  supplied  with  colored  lights  at 
night  and  shutters  in  daytime  to  communicate  the 
news  of  the  owners  of  the  line.  It  is  said  to  have 
been  used  chiefly  by  sporting  men,  who  took  this 
means  to  apprise  their  friends  of  the  result  of  a 
lottery  or  a  horse-race,  often  reaping  large  sums 
by  reason  of  having  the  earliest  news.  At  this 
place  is  a  valuable  deposit  of  clay,  which  has  been 
only  partially  developed. 

The  soil  of  Centre  township,  generally,  is  a 
sandy  loam,  and,  with  careful  cultivation,  is  very 
productive.  The  drainage  is  afforded  by  the 
boundary  streams  and  Beaver  Branch  and  Little 
Timber  Creeks,  both  flowing  into  Great  Timber 
Creek,  which  is  a  tidal  stream.  Valuable  meadows 
704 


have  been  made  along  these  streams  (where  the 
first  settlements  were  made)  by  means  of  dykes 
and  dams,  and  here  are  found  some  of  the  most  de- 
sirable farms  in  Camden  County.  In  some  local- 
ities are  areas  of  porous  sand,  making  the  soil  non- 
productive for  some  crops,  but  the  same  section 
has  been  made  to  yield  rich  returns  in  the  hands 
of  the  fruit-grower  and  market-gardener.  Much  at- 
tention has  been  directed,  within  late  years,  to  those 
interests,  and  the  value  of  the  lands  has  been  pro- 
portionately increased.  The  township  has  good 
roads,  being  traversed  by  the  Blackwoodtown  and 
White  Horse  turnpikes  from  north  to  south,  and 
old  highways  from  east  to  west. 

Early  Settlement,  Early  Settlers  and 
THEIR  Descendants. — None  of  the  early  settlers 
within  the  area  now  embraced  in  the  township  of 
Centre  had  more  landed  possessions  or  enjoyed 
greater  prominence  than  the  Huggs.  At  one  time 
all  the  land  lying  between  the  Little  Timber 
Creek  and  the  main  creek  of  that  name,  for  a  dis- 
tance of  three  miles,  was  owned  by  members  of  the 
Hugg  family.  The  name  Hugg  is  of  Irish  origin. 
John  Hugg,  one  of  the  early  settlers,  came  from 
the  parish  of  Castle  Ellis,  in  Ireland.  He  was  a 
Friend,  and,  though  not  a  partner  in  the  enter- 
prises which  brought  many  Friends  to  this 
country  at  that  period,  was  yet  a  person  of  consid- 
erable means.  His  first  settlement  was  on  five  hun- 
dred acres  of  land  (lying  at  the  junction  of  the  two 
streams)  which  he  purchased  of  Robert  Zane  in 
1683,  and  a  part  of  which  he  then  devised  to  his 
grandson,  William  Hugg,  who  did  not  come 
into  possession  of  it  until  some  fifty  years  later. 
His  first  residence  stood  where  the  Little  Timber 
Creek  flows  into  Great  Timber  Creek.  From  it  a 
view  of  the  Delaware  River  was  afforded,  as  well 
as  much  of  the  stream  before  his  house.  He  es- 
tablished a  landing,  which  had  the  character  of  a 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  CENTRE. 


705 


public  place  for  many  years,  and  where  consider- 
able shipping  is  yet  done.  The  place  where  the 
house  of  John  Hugg  stood  is  regarded  by  some 
antiquaries  as  the  site  of  old  Fort  Nassau,  which 
was  built  by  the  Dutch  in  1623,  when  they  first  at- 
tempted a  settlement  on  the  Delaware.  It  is  said 
that  some  pieces  of  Dutch  brick  and  pottery  were 
here  fouud  after  the  lapse  of  more  than  two  hun- 
dred and  forty  years,  which  indicated  this  spot  as 
the  possible  site  of  that  historical  fortification. 
Whatever  doubts  may  attach  to  such  a  belief,  it  is 
well  known  that  John  Hugg  lived  there  until  his 
death,  in  1706.  He  had  four  sons,  namely,  John 
and  Elias,  who  both  married  daughters  of  Francis 
Collins,  Joseph  and  Charles  being  younger.  They 
were  also  of  adult  age  when  John  Hugg  took  up 
his  home  here  in  Centre  township,  as  they  soon 
after  settled  around  him  and  became  prominent 
citizens. 

John  Hugg,  Jr.,  was  very  active  in  public 
afiairs.  "  For  six  years,  from  1695,  he  was  one  of 
the  judges  of  the  courts  of  Gloucester  County,  and, 
for  ten  years,  was  a  member  of  the  Governor's 
Council,  which  is  evidence  of  his  worth  as  a  just 
and  upright  man." 

From  1726  to  1730  he  was  sheriff' of  the  county, 
which  was  probably  his  last  service  in  a  public 
capacity.  Between  1696  and  1710  he  located  sev- 
eral tracts  of  land  between  the  Great  and  Little 
Timber  Creeks,  extending  nearly  to  the  head  of 
the  latter  and  across  to  the  former,  including 
what  was  lately  known  as  the  Crispin  Farm.  It  is 
believed  that  he  resided  in  that  locality,  where  he 
had  the  advantages  of  navigation,  and  a  great 
breadth  of  meadow  lands  could  be  secured  by 
building  a  bank  along  the  stream  to  prevent  their 
overflow  by  the  tide.  This  place  was  called 
"Plain  Hope,"  but,  in  1811,  when  Samuel  L. 
Howell  was  the  owner,  the  name  was  "  Marlboro' 
Farm,"  which  title  it  retained  for  years. 

William  Crispin,  an  Englishman,  became  the 
owner  of  this  place  in  1846,  and  added  to  its  im- 
provements. He  was  also  the  owner  of  the  ad- 
joining farm,  known  as  the  "  Parker  Place,"  each 
having  about  two  hundred  acres.  The  meadows 
on  these  lands  cause  them  to  be  among  the  most 
valuable  farms  in  the  township. 

John  Hugg  was  noted  for  th6  number  of  slaves  he 
owned,  many  of  the  colored  people  in  this  town- 
ship having  descended  from  those  who  were  for- 
merly in  his  service.  From  all  accounts  he  must 
have  been  a  kind  master,  as  his  slaves  considered 
it  a  great  honor  to  be  servants  in  the  Hugg  family. 
In  1709  he  sold  one  of  his  negro  boys  (Sambo),  to 
John  Hinchman,  as  is  elsewhere  noted. 


The  death  of  John  Hugg  occurred  in  1730  and 
is  thus  described  by  Smith,  in  his  "History  of 
New  Jersey," — 

"  In  this  year  died  John  Hugg,  Esq.,  of  Glou- 
cester City.  He  was  about  ten  years  one  of  the 
Council.  Riding  from  home  one  morning,  he  was 
supposed  to  be  taken  ill  about  a  mile  from  his 
house,  when,  getting  off  his  horse,  he  spread  his 
cloak  on  the  ground  to  lie  down  on,  and  having 
put  his  gloves  under  the  saddle  and  hung  his  whip 
through  one  of  the  rings,  he  turned  his  horse 
loose,  which,  going  home,  put  the  people  upon 
searching,  .who  found  him  in  this  circumstance 
speechless ;  they  carried  him  to  his  house  and  he 
died  that  evening." 

He  died  respected  by  all  who  knew  him,  leaving 
to  survive  him  a  second  wife  and  the  following- 
named  children :  Mary  (married  to  Thomas  Lip- 
pincott),  Sarah,  Priscilla,  Hannah,  Joseph,  Gabriel, 
John,  Elias  and  Jacob.  John  died  when  yet 
young  and  Elias  without  children. 

Elias  Hugg,  the  brother  of  John  and  son  of  the 
emigrant,  lived  in  the  house  occupied  before  him 
by  his  father  and  probably  kept  a  store  to  supply 
the  wants  of  the  people  of  those  days,  whiskey 
and  tobacco  being  staple  commodities.  As  many 
of  his  customers  were  watermen,  "  his  premises, 
no  doubt,  furnished  the  scene  of  many  carousals 
among  them  when  detained  by  wind  and  tide." 

The  large  landed  estates  of  the  Huggs  in  this 
township,  after  passing  to  the  second  and  third 
generations,  eventually  ceased  to  be  owned  by  any 
of  the  lineal  descendants  of  the  family  and  for 
many  years  no  male  members  by  the  name  have 
remained  in  the  vicinity. 

In  the  course  of  years  part  of  the  original  Hugg 
tract  became  the  property  of  Isaac  Browning,  the 
youngest  son  of  George  Browning,  who  emigrated 
to  this  country  from  Holland  before  1752,  and  who 
settled  in  what  is  now  Stockton  township.  There 
Isaac  was  born,  December  1,  1775,  and  at  the  time 
of  his  death  lived  at  the  mouth  of  Timber  Creek. 
He  had  three  sons  and  two  daughters,  namely  : 
Joshua  P.,  George  Benjamin,  Cooper  P.,  Mary  and 
Catherine.  The  first-named  son  lived  on  the 
homestead  of  his  father  several  years,  when  he 
moved  to  Haddonfield.  He  was  married  to  Amelia, 
a  daughter  of  John  Clement,  and  was  an  influen- 
tial man  in  the  interest  of  public  improvements: 
In  Centre  township  the  Brownings  were  progres- 
sive citizens  and  the  landing  on  the  creek  is  still 
known  by  their  name. 

In  1697  John  Hillman  purchased  one  hundred 
and  seventy  acres  of  land  of  Francis  Collins, 
adjoining  the  estate  of  John  Gill,  where  he  set- 


706 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


tied.  His  land  lay  on  both  sides  of  the  Haddonfield 
road  to  Snow  Hill,  and  his  house  stood  near  the 
present  Chapman  residence.  As  the  old  Egg  Har- 
bor road  passed  by  his  house,  he  kept  a  tavern,  but 
his  place  did  not  become  noted  as  a  resort,  in  the 
sense  that  attached  to  some  of  the  taverns  of  that 
period,  since  the  travel  was  comparatively  light. 
A  short  distance  below  this  house  two  roads  di- 
verged, one  going  to  Salem  by  way  of  Clements 
Bridge,  and  the  other  towards  the  shore. 

The  soil  here  is  light  and  the  place  was  no 
doubt  selected  on  account  of  the  ease  with  which 
a  clearing  might  be  made,  as  the  growth  of  timber 
in  these  sandy  places  was  never  very  heavy. 

In  1720  John  Hillman  devised  this  tract  of  land 
to  his  son  John,  who,  however,  settled  in  Glouces- 
ter township,  near  the  White  Horse  Tavern.  His 
son  Joseph  lived  on  the  homestead  some  time,  but 
in  1760,  sold  to  Daniel  Scull,  of  Egg  Harbor. 
Thus,  for  more  than  a  hundred  years,  this  proper- 
ty has  been  out  of  the  name  of  Hillman,  and, 
being  now  the  site  of  the  hamlet  of  Snow  Hill, 
has  been  disposed  of  to  many  owners. 

Daniel  Hillman,  a  brother  of  John,  who  settled 
in  Gloucester,  located  on  a  tract  of  one  hundred 
acres  of  land  which  had  been  surveyed  for  William 
Sharp  in  1701.  He  gradually  extended  his  estate 
towards  the  south,  while  it  joined  the  lands  of  the 
Clarks  on  the  west,  and  those  of  the  Albertsons  on 
the  east.  His  house  stood  on  what  became  the 
Howell  estate  and  was  a  plain  log  building.  In 
1754  Daniel  Hillman  died  and  gave  this  tract  to  his 
four  sons,  James,  John,  Daniel  and  Joseph,  who 
improved  the  same,  erecting  dwellings  thereon. 
In  1734  Joseph  sold  his  interest  to  Jacob  Jennings, 
who  had  the  same  resurveyed  the  following  year. 
In  this  purchase  the  greater  part  of  the  hundred 
acres,  located  in  1701,  was  included,  and  as  the 
older  members  of  the  family  had  died  or  moved, 
the  lands  thus  became  the  property  of  stran- 
gers. Many  descendants  of  the  Hillmans  still 
reside  in  the  township,  but  on  lands  not  of  the 
original  estate. 

It  may  have  been  noted  that  before  the  discov- 
ery of  fertilizers,  the  farmers  in  this  section  soon 
exhausted  the  natural  richness  of  their  lands, 
which  thereafter  afforded  them  but  scanty  subsist- 
ence, making  it  impossible  to  put  up  good  im- 
provements out  of  their  earnings  of  the  soil.  The 
use  of  marl  and  other  fertilizers  has  changed  all 
these  conditions. 

John  Hinchman,  the  oldest  son  of  John  Hinch- 
man,  of  Newton  township,  located  on  part  of  the 
paternal  estates,  now  mostly  owned  by  the  Willitses 
and  Coopers,  extending  from  the  old  Salem  road  to 


the  head  of  Little  Timber  Creek,  and  adjoining 
the  Jennings  property.  This  land  was  part  of  the 
tract  which  had  been  conveyed  to  John  Hinchman 
in  1699,  by  John  Hugg  and  his  wife,  Priscilla,  who 
had  inherited  some  of  the  same  from  her  father, 
Francis  Collins. 

The  dwelling-house  of  John  Hinchman  was  a 
small,  hipped-roof  brick  building,  which,  in  its  day, 
had  some  pretension  to  style  and  comfort.  Its 
shape  has  been  entirely  changed  and  it  now  forms 
a  part  of  the  modern  residence  of  the  late  Charles 
Jj.  Willits. 

John  Hinchman  had  a  sort  of  a  military  career, 
having  been  appointed  an  ensign  in  one  of  the  de- 
partments of  the  county  in  1705.  He  was  sheriff 
of  the  county  after  1722,  and  in  his  day  was  quite 
prominent.  As  his  second  wife  he  married  a  grand- 
daughter of  John  Kay.  His  son,  John,  settled  in 
Gloucester. 

John  Thorne,  was  a  brother-in-law  of  John 
Hinchman,  having  married  his  sister  Ann.  He 
came  from  Flushing,  N.  Y.,  following  the  Hinch- 
mans  in  their  migration  from  that  State.  In 
1702  he  purchased  a  tract  of  land  of  John  Read- 
ing, lying  between  the  south  branch  of  Newton 
and  Little  Timber  Creeks,  his  tract  including 
the  farms  known  as  the  "  Stokes  Brick  Farm  "  and 
the  John  D.  Glover  Farm.  By  his  will,  made 
in  1768,  he  gave. his  property  to  his  son-in-law, 
John  Glover,  in  fee.  The  latter  married  his 
daughter,  Mary.  In  his  day  he  was  a  man  of 
marked  influence.  A  few  years  before  his  death, 
in  1769,  he  removed  to  Haddonfield,  where  his 
widow  continued  to  reside.  His  son  Thomas  died 
in  1759,  leaving  a  daughter  who  was  married  to 
William  Harrison.  The  latter  owned  and  lived  on 
a  farm  south  of  Mount  Ephraim,  known  in  later 
years  as  the  property  of  Jesse  W.  Starr.  He  was 
a  man  of  considerable  prominence,  serving  as  sher- 
iff in  1716.  In  this  capacity  he  was  instrumental 
in  causing  the  defeat  of  John  Kay,  by  ordering 
the  election  to  be  held  at  a  point  more  favorable 
to  Kay's  opponent.  Dr.  Daniel  Coxe. 

He  was  buried  in  a  small  family  grave-yard,  near 
the  old  brick  house,  which  was  demolished  some 
years  ago. 

John  Glover,  who  lived  on  the  John  Thome 
place,  also  came  from  Long  Island  and  was  a 
brother  of  William  and  Richard  Glover.  The  for- 
mer settled  in  Newton  township,  the  creek  divid- 
ing his  lands  from  John's.  He  was  a  bachelor 
and  died  in  1798,  but  much  of  the  estate  which  he 
owned  is  still  in  the  Glover  name.  John  Glover, 
the  husband  of  Mary  Thorne,  reared  a  numerous 
family,  some  having  descendants  who  still  remain 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  CENTRE. 


Y07 


in  the  township.  Near  the  residence  of  John  T. 
Glover,  on  Newton  Creek,  his  grandfather,  John 
T.,  had  a  fulling-mill  which  descended  thence  to 
James  Glover.  It  was  abandoned  many  years  ago. 
On  Little  Timber  Creek,  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Mount  Ephraim,  was  another  power,  in  the  early 
history  of  this  section,  where  William  Eldridge 
put  up  grist  and  fulling-mills.  In  1805  he  sold 
this  property  to  Hezekiah  Shivers,  who  disposed  of 
it  to  John  T.  Glover,  whence  it  passed  to  John  0. 
Glover.  The  mills  were  near  his  residence. 
They  have  been  unused  for  a  long  time. 

A  hundred  years  after  the  general  settlement  of 
the  territory  now  embraced  in  this  township  the 
principal  owners  were  persons  bearing  the  follow- 
ing names :  Gill,  Wilson,  Brown,  Chapman,  Brown- 
ing, Atkinson,  Glover,  Budd,  Zane,  Willits,  Cris- 
pin, Starr,  Bell,  Eastlack,  Budd,  Mather,  Thackara, 
Clark,  Kinsey,  Haines,  Lippincott,  Kay,  Davis, 
Strang,  Eudlow,  Eowand,  Mickle,  Webb,  Brick, 
Harrison  and  Brazington.  Many  of  these  have  de- 
scendants remaining  in  the  township. 

Civil  Organization. — By  legislative  enact- 
ment, November  15,  1831,  all  that  part  of  the 
township  of  Gloucester  contained  within  the  fol- 
lowing described  bounds  became  a  new  township : 
"  Beginning  at  the  mouth  of  Beaver  branch  where 
it  empties  into  Great  Timber  Creek ;  thence  up 
the  said  creek  to  Clements  Bridge ;  thence  along 
the  middle  of  the  Evesham  Eoad  to  the  bridge 
over  Coopers  Creek;  thence  down  said  creek  to 
the  corner  of  the  township  of  Newton  ;  thence  by 
the  said  township  of  Newton  and  Gloucester 
Town  to  the  beginning,  together  with  all  that 
territory  known  by  the  corporate  name  of  the 
Inhabitants  of  Gloucestertown  in  the  county  of 
Gloucester,  hereafter  known  as  the  township  of 
Union." 

The  people  in  the  territory  described,  sustained 
that  township  relation  twenty-four  years,  when 
another  division  took  place  whereby  the  town- 
ship of  Centre  was  created  March  6, 1 855,' as  follows : 
"  Beginning  in  the  middle  of  Great  Timber  Creek 
at  the  mouth  of  the  southerly  branch  of  Little 
Timber  Creek;  thence  along  the  middle  of  Little 
Timber  Creek  to  a  point  where  the  old  King's 
Highway  crossed  the  same ;  thence  northerly  along 
the  highway  to  the  southwest  corner  of  Cedar 
Grove  Cemetery  and  corner  of  James  H.  Brick's 
land;  thence  along  said  line  and  by  the  lands  of 
Aaron  H.  Hurley,  crossing  the  Mt.  Ephraim 
Eoad  to  the  corner  of  the  lands  of  John  Brick, 
deceased ,-  thence  along  the  lands  of  Brick  and 
John  C.  Champion  and  John  E.  Brick  to  New- 
ton Creek,   on    the  line  of   Newton  Township; 


thence  eaatwardly  by  Newton  Creek,  on  the  line 
of  Union  and  Newton,  until  it  strikes  the  line  of 
the  townships  of  Union  and  Delaware ;  thence  up 
the  same  to  Burrough's  Bridge ;  thence  on  the 
middle  of  the  highway  and  on  boundary  line  be- 
tween the  townships  of  Union  and  Gloucester  to 
Clem  ents  Bridge,on  the  Great  Timber  Creek ;  thence 
down  the  middle  of  the  said  creek  to  the  place  of 
beginning." 

The  name  of  Centre  was  suggested  by  the 
intermediate  position  which  the  new  township 
would  occupy,  with  reference  to  Gloucester  and 
the  township  of  Newton,  north  and  south  of  it. 

Under  the  act  authorizing  the  erection  of  the 
township,  the  first  annual  town-meeting  was  held 
at  the  public-house  at  Mount  Ephraim,  March  14, 
1855.  Chalkley  Glover  was  chosen  moderator  and 
Jehu  Budd  clerk. 

"It  was  voted  that  the  township  borrow  $100 
to  pay  the  current  expenses ;  that  a  tax  of  $2.00 
be  levied  for  school  purposes,  for  every  child  re- 
turned between  the  ages  of  five  .and  eighteen 
years ;  that  the  township  be  divided  into  two  dis- 
tricts for  the  overseers  of  the  highways." 

Since  1863  the  township  meetings  have  been 
held  at  the  public  hall  at  Mount  Ephraim,  and 
the  following  have  been  the  principal  otficers 
selected  each  year :  Zebedee  W.  Nichola:)n,  Chas. 
L.  Willitts  and  David  A.  Shreve,  school  superin- 
tendents until  the  county  superintendency  was  es- 
tablished. 

Townsfeip  Oerhe, 

1855.  Jehu  Budd.  1867-68.  Isaac  G.  Eastlack. 

1856.  Isaac  Kay.  1869.  George  F.  Howell. 
1867-60.  Jehu  Budd.  1870-75.  George  T.  Haines. 
1861-63.  Benj.  A.  Starr.  187ii-78.  Johu  D.  Glover,  Jr. 
1864-G5.  David  A.  Shreve.  1879-81.  John  Hutchinson. 
1866.  Jehu  Budd.  1882-84.  Wm.  H.  Tuvley. 

1886-86.  Jared  B.  Chapman. 
AsaeMors. 
1856-68.  Joseph  Budd.  1869.  George  Broadwatir. 

1869.  John  Ntrth,  Jr.  1870.  Joseph  G.  Davis. 

1860.  Benjamin  Shivers.  1871-75.  John  Hutchinson. 

1861-62.  Jeliu  Budd.  1876-80.  George  T.  Haines. 

1863.  Isaac  Brasington.  1881-82.  Hiram  B.  Budd. 

1864-66.  Jehu  Budd.  1883-84.  Nathaniel  Barton. 

1866-68.  Joseph  Budd  Webb.         1885-86.  W.  H.  Turley. 
ColUctors, 

1865.  Champion  Goldy,  1866-68.  George  P.  Howell. 
1856-67.  Joseph  M.  Atkinson.       1870.  Joseph  B.  Webb. 
1859-60.  Simon  W.  Mitten.  1871-73.  Henry  Charman. 
1861-62.  John  P.  Curtis.                1874-81.  Nathaniel  Barton. 
1863.  Joseph  M.  Atkinson.             1882-84.  David  A.  Shieve. 
1864-66.  Champion  Goldy.  1886.  Samuel  Bacon. 

1886.  Henry  Charman. 
Justices  of  the  Peace. 

1866.  John  W.  Chester.  1866.  John  P.  Curtis. 
Joseph  Fish.  John  W.  Hay. 

1866.  Joseph  Budd.  1.  Oliver  Goldsmith. 

Joseph  C.  Zane.  Henry  Charman. 

Frederick  Lister.  Hiram  E.  Budd. 

Abraham  Kowand.  John  P.  Curtis. 


708, 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


The  Village  of  Snow  Hill  is  two  miles 
from  Haddonfield,  on  the  elevated  lands  along  the 
road  to  that  town.  Its  population  is  composed 
almost  exclusively  of  colored  people.  It  contains 
several  small  stores,  two  good  society  buildings, 
three  churches  and  within  a  radius  of  a  mile  are 
six  hundred  colored  inhabitants.  Although  a 
number  of  colored  people  had  settled  in  this 
locality  at  a  much  earlier  period,  the  village  was 
not  regularly  laid  out  until  about  1840.  At  that 
period  Ralph  Smith,  an  Abolitionist,  living  in 
Haddonfield,  who  had  advanced  ideas  of  the  future 
condition  of  the  negro,  purchased  a  tract  of  land 
and  had  William  Watson  survey  the  same  into 
lots  for  him.  In  accordance  with  his  purpose,  to 
give  the  negro  a  village  of  his  own,  the  place  was 
appropriately  called  Free  Haven.  The  lots  being 
offered  cheap,  and  as  much  effort  was  made  in  Phila- 
delphia and  other  cities  to  induce  settlement,  a 
large  number  were  soon  sold,  only  a  few  of  which 
were  improved.  Among  those  who  first  settled 
here  were  Stephen  Thomas,  James  Arthur,  Isaac 
Arthur,  Samuel  Sharp,  Perry  Gibson,  Thomas 
Brown  and  Thomas  Banks.  The  last-named  was 
a  man  of  superior  attainments,  which  caused  him 
to  be  looked  upon  with  deference,  but  at  the  same 
time  made  him  an  object  of  suspicion  among  his 
fellows,  who  accused  him  of  self-aggrandizement. 
In  the  main,  the  settlers  were  harmonious  and  the 
community  law-abiding  and  orderly.  Many  of  the 
settlers  came  from  the  vicinity  of  Snow  Hill,  Md., 
from  which  circumstance  came  the  name.  Free 
Haven,  as  applied  by  Ralph  Smith,  never  ob- 
tained any  hold  upon  the  people,  and  the  original 
name  still  remains  good.  The  village  plot  was 
enlarged  by  Jacob  C.  White,  a  colored  dentist,  of 
Philadelphia,  who  was  warmly  interested  in  the 
development  of  the  place. 

Within  the  last  few  years  small  stores  have  been 
kept  at  Snow  Hill  by  Joseph  E.  Gray,  John 
Williams  and  P.  S.  Smiley.  A  few  shops  are  also 
maintained,  but  most  of  the  inhabitants  find  occu- 
pation in  agricultural  pursuits. 

Societies. — In  few  places  of  its  size  are  more 
secret  societies  successfully  maintained  than  by 
the  colored  people  of  Snow  Hill.  A  sketch  of  the 
various  lodges  of  the  village  that  existed  in  Janu- 
ary^  1886,  is  here  given.  The  Daughters  of  Ebene- 
zer,  organized  1842,  a  local  beneficial  society  for 
women,  having  twenty-two  niembers;  Mt.  Zion 
Beneficial  Society,  also  local,  instituted  in  1850 
and  having  thirty  members ;  St.  Matthew  Union 
Lodge,  No.  10,  Independent  Order  of  Good  Samari- 
tans, instituted  October  7,  1852,  and  incorporated 
March  18,  1872,  had  one  hundred  and  twenty-five 


members.  In  1870  a  spacious  two-story  hall  was 
erected  by  this  order,  the  upper  room  being  used 
for  lodge  purposes,  the  lower  room  for  general 
meetings.  In  this  building  also  meet  the  Daugh- 
ters of  Samaria,  whose  membership  is  composed  of 
women  only.  Hiram  Lodge,  No.  5,  A.  F.  A.  M., 
was  instituted  in  September,  1874,  and  has  thirty 
members.  The  meetings  of  this  Masonic  lodge  are 
held  in  the  Samaria  Hall.  Star  of  Liberty  Lodge, 
No.  1062,  G.  O.  of  0.  F.,  was  instituted  March  9, 
1863,  with  nine  members,  which  number  has  been 
increased  to  eighty-six.  In  1882  a  very  fine  hall 
was  built  by  the  lodge,  in  the  upper  story  of  which 
meetings  are  regularly  held.  In  this  hall,  also, 
meets  theHousehold  of  Ruth,  a  Ladies'  Odd-Fellow 
Auxiliary  Society,  which  was  organized  in  1878, 
and  which  had  thirty-six  members  in  June,  1886. 
The  Union  Republican  Association  of  Snow  Hill, 
incorporated  February  19,  1886,  is  one  of  the 
youngest  benevolent  organizations  at  this  place. 

Schools. — Separate  schools  for  the  education  of 
colored  children  were  established  about  1848, 
Samuel  Sharp  being  the  teacher.  The  present 
school-house  was  built  in  1872,  and  is  a  large  two- 
story  frame  structure.  There  are  one  hundred 
and  twenty-seven  children  of  school  age,  many  of 
whom  have  a  keen  interest  in  educational  matters. 
Among  the  later  teachers  have  been  Edward  Mil- 
ler, John  Jackson  and  John  Goodwin. 

The  Mt.  Pisqah  African  Methodist  Church 
was  originated  soon  after  1800,  and  became  a  per- 
manent organization  in  1813.  Until  that  time 
Methodists  of  both  the  white  and  colored  race  of 
the  vicinity  held  religious  services  together  in  a 
small  frame  building  which  stood  upon  the  present 
church  lot ;  but,  following  the  advice  of  a  colored 
minister,  Richard  Allen,  who  subsequently  became 
a  bishop,  the  colored  element  declared  themselves 
independent  of  the  Methodist  Episcopate,  where- 
upon some  of  the  colored  members  and  the  whites 
withdrew  to  form  the  Methodist  Church  at  Green- 
land. Bishop  Allen  then  became  the  pastor  of 
the  independent  church,  and  for  many  years 
served  it,  in  connection  with  the  Bethel  Church 
(colored),  in  Philadelphia.  From  this  fact  the 
members  of  Mt.  Pisgah  Church  are  sometimes 
called  the  "  AUenites."  The  present  bishop  is  R. 
H.  Kane,  and  the  preacher  in  charge  is  T.  A.  V. 
Henry,  who  also  supplies  the  mission  at  Haddon- 
field.   The  members  number  sixty-three. 

In  1867  the  old  meeting-house  was  replaced  by 
the  present  large  frame  building  which  was  neatly 
repaired  in  1884.  Its  seating  capacity  is  increased 
by  the  use  of  galleries  on  two  sides  and  one  end. 
The    property   appears    neatly    kept    aud    is    in 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OP  CENTRE. 


709 


eharge  of  Trustees  Isaac  Jackson,  Charles  Arthur, 
Richard  Tilmau,  Alfred  Arthur,  Joshua  Arthur, 
Peter  S.  Smiley  and  Warner  Gibbs.  Ebenezer 
Mann  and  Peter  Mott  were  former  local  preachers, 
and  the  latter  organized  the  first  Sunday-school 
about  1854.  The  present  superintendent  is  John 
H.  Jackson,  and  the  membership  of  the  Sunday- 
school  is  about  seventy.  In  connection  with  the 
church  is  a  grave-yard,  where  are  buried  some  of 
the  first  colored  s.ettlers  of  this  part  of  the  town- 
ship. 

The  Mt.  Zion  African  Methodist  Episco- 
pal Chukch. — ^Not  long  after  Allen's  congrega- 
tion declared  itself  an  independent  church,  the 
colored  members  adhering  to  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copacy organized  themselves  into  a  church  body 
and,  in  1828,  secured  their  own  house  of  worship, 
In  this  meetings  were  regularly  held  until  it  was 
burned  down  in  1835.  A  new  church  was  then 
built,  which  became  too  small  to  accommodate  the 
growing  membership,  and,  in  1868,  it  was  taken 
down  and  the  present  church  built  in  its  place.  It 
is  a  frame  of  neat  proportions  and  has  a  large  seat- 
ing capacity.  A  part  of  the  old  church  building 
was  converted  into  a  parsonage,  this  appointment 
forming  a  charge  in  connection  with  Jordantown. 
The  membership  of  the  church  is  large,  number- 
ing nearly  one  hundred  and  seventy-five,  and  the 
Sunday-school  has  one  hundred  and  sixty  scholars, 
having  as  its  superintendent  Henry  D.  Wilson. 
Upon  the  church  lot  is  a  grave-yard,  and  the  prop- 
erty has,  in  1886,  the  following  trustees :  Robert 
Cooper,  Franklin  Fossett,  William  Henry,  An- 
thony Baynard,  Albert  A.  Calles,  Cupid  Moore 
and  Joseph  E.  Tray. 

Snow  Hill  Roman  Catholic  Chuech. — The 
building  in  which  the  members  of  the  Catholic 
Church  of  this  vicinity  worshipped  was  built  in 
1859,  on  a  lot  of  ground  donated  for  this  purpose 
by  James  Diamond.  It  was  here  located  on  ac- 
count of  its  central  position,  in  a  large  scope  of 
country,  which  was  taken  up  as  a  mission,  many 
of  the  members  living  beyond  Kirkwood,  Black- 
wood, Chews  Landing  and  Haddonfield,  and  all 
being  whites.  The  communicants  number  nearly 
a  hundred,  and  semi-monthly  services  are  held  by 
clergymen  from  Camden  and  Gloucester.  At  the 
latter  place  interments  are  made.  The  church  is  a 
small  frame  building  of  very  humble  appearance. 

Magnolia  is  southeast  from  Snow  Hill  and  ex- 
tending beyond  the  Evesham  road,  on  and  in  the 
neighborhood  of  the  White  Horse  turnpike.  It  is 
the  old  hamlet  of  Greenland,  properly  called 
Magnolia,  since  the  Philadelphia  and  Atlantic 
City  Railroad  located  a  station  with  that  name 


near  the  place  where  a  post-ofiice  is  now  estab- 
lished. The  term  Greenland  was  applied  on  ac- 
count of  the  prevalence  of  a  greenish  soil  in  this 
locality  very  closely  resembling  marl.  For  many 
years  the  upper  part  of  the  settlement  was  called 
Frederickville,  after  Frederick  Hines,  one  of  the 
first  settlers  there,  and  by  occupation  a  weaver. 
Joseph  Webb,  another  early  settler,  followed  the 
same  trade,  vvhile  John  Albertson  and  Samuel 
Barrett  were  farmers. 

For  the  greater  part  of  half  a  century  John  P. 
Curtis,  a  local  Methodist  preacher,  has  lived  in 
this  place.  Barrett  varied  his  occupation  of  a 
farmer  by  keeping  a  small  store  at  the  corner  of 
the  turnpike  and  the  public  road,  where  James 
Lee  was  afterwards  engaged  in  trade.  Within  the 
past  few  years  James  Barrett,  Jr.,  has  opened  a 
store  in  a  new  building,  not  far  from  the  old  stand, 
and  in  the  same  neighborhood  a  good  smithy  has 
been  established. 

At  the  crossing  of  the  Haddonfield  road,  oppo- 
site the  toll-house  on  the  pike,  Frederick  Besser 
had  a  store  and  was  succeeded  by  Joel  G.  Clark. 
The  latter  sold  out  to  A.  H.  Wolohon,  who  built 
the  present  store  about  1851,  and  converted  the  old 
stand  into  a  residence.  Nearer  Snow  Hill,  Joseph 
Fish  opened  another  store  about  1855,  where,  for 
a  number  pf  years,  Henry  Charman  has  been  in 
trade.  The  village  has  several  hundred  inhabit- 
ants, most  of  whom  are  whites. 

The  Geeenland  Methodist  Episcopal 
Chuech. — Methodism  was  preached  in  this  locality 
as  early  as  the  beginning  of  this  century  by  the 
preachers  named  in  the  account  of  the  Blackwood 
Church,  and  later  by  others,  whose  names  have 
not  been  preserved.  The  appointments  were 
numerous  and  separated  many  miles,  two  preachers 
serving  the  circuit  in  1826.  It  is  said  that  David 
Daly,  one  of  thepreachers,  was  of  the  opinion  that 
the  members  were  heavily  burdened  to  raise  the 
pay  of  the  preachers,  about  six  hundred  dollars 
per  year,  and  that  the  pioneer,  Jacob  Gruber, 
thought  that  one  man  should  be  able  to  serve  the 
circuit,  which  embraced  the  most  of  old  Glouces- 
ter and  Burlington  Counties.  It  is  an  interesting 
historical  fact  that  the  same  territory  now  supports 
about  forty  preachers,  and  that  nearly  one  hundred 
thousand  dollars  is  raised  annually  for  the  promo- 
tion of  the  church  work,  where  a  little  more  than 
sixty  years  ago  a  hundredth  part  was  raised  with 
difficulty.  It  is  evidence  not  only  of  the  increase 
of  population,  but  also  of  the  hold  that  Methodism 
has  upon  the  people. 

The  first  meetings  were  held  at  Snow  Hill  in  a 
building  which   was  the   joint    property  of  tlie 


710 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


whites  and  the  blacks,  but  which  was  reliDquished 
in  favor  of  the  colored  people  about  1813.  Soon 
after  Samuel  Barrett  set  aside  an  acre  of  land,  on 
the  Evesham  road,  for  church  and  cemetery  pur- 
poses, where  a  small  frame  meeting-house  was 
built  in  1815,  which  was  thenceforth  the  spiritual 
home  of  the  white  Methodists  in  this  section  of  the 
country.  Among  the  early  members,  and  those 
who  participated  in  building  this  house,  were 
Samuel  Barrett,  Christopher  Sickler,  Joseph  Webb, 
William  Heppin  and  Frederick  Hines.  The 
church  was  used  until  1867,  when  the  present 
building  was  erected  in  its  place  by  a  building 
committee  composed  of  J.  P.  Curtis,  John  W. 
Chester  and  Samuel  Barrett.  It  is  a  frame  house, 
thirty-five  by  forty -five  feet,  of  very  modest  appear- 
ance. The  membership  of  the  church  is  small, 
numbering  but  forty  in  1886.  The  church  has  no 
regular  pastor,  but  was  last  connected  with  Glen- 
dale  to  form  a  circuit.  A  flourishing  Sunday-school 
has  John  Harley  as  its  superintendent. 

In  the  fall  of  1885  a  Ladies'  Aid  Society  of  the 
neighborhood  built  a  hall  near  the  church,  in 
which  social  gatherings  may  be  held  for  the  pur- 
pose of  securing  funds  to  encourage  church  work. 
The  efforts  of  the  ladies  in  this  direction  have 
already  been  attended  wiih  gratifying  success. 

Guinea  Town  is  another  hamlet  wholly  inhab- 
ited by  colored  people.  It  is  located  on  the  Black- 
wood turnpike,  on  the  sand-hills  near  Beaver 
Branch,  and  was  formerly  more  populous  than  at 
present.  The  village  site  was  a  part  of  the  Hugg 
estate,  and  the  first  houses  built  belonged  to  the 
former  slaves  of  that  family,  who  were  settlers  here 
under  the  provisions  of  an  act,  which  required 
owners  of  negroes  to  provide  homes  for  them  and 
to  prevent  them  from  becoming  a  public  charge. 
Some  of  the  inhabitants  of  Guinea  Town  were 
Cubit  Waterford,  Archibald  Farmer,  Daniel  Wil- 
liamson, Daniel  Stevens,  Edward  Jackson,  Thomas 
Quann  and  the  Still  family,  who  had  been  slaves 
of  persons  living  near.  The  last-named  claimed 
royal  descent,  their  ancestor  being  a  prince  in  the 
direct  line,  when  he  was  captured  in  Guinea  and 
brought  to  America  as  a  slave.  The  Stills  were 
superior,  both  in  stature  and  mental  endowments, 
and  after  their  removal  some  of  them  became 
prominent  in  the  learned  professions. 

The  soil  at  Guinea  Town  being  unproductive, 
many  of  the  inhabitants  removed,  after  living 
there  a  few  years,  and  the  hamlet  decreased  in  size 
until  but  a  few  houses  remained  of  what  was  quite 
a  large  settlement  about  1805. 

Incidents  of  the  Revolution. — Along  Great 
Timber  Creek,  landings  were  established  at  con- 


venient points,  where  considerable  business  was 
transacted  before  railways  afforded  more  expedi- 
tious transportation.  The  landing  at  Clements 
Bridge  has  a  Revolutionary  interest  attaching  to 
it.  On  the  24th  of  October,  1777,  the  Hessian 
troops,  twelve  hundred  strong,  crossed  here  on 
their  retreat  from  the  battle-field  of  Red  Bank. 
They  had  marched  through  the  township,  by 
the  King's  Highway,  two  days  previously,  cross- 
ing Little  Timber  Creek;  but  the  Americans 
destroyed  the  bridge  at  that  point,  which 
prevented  them  from  going  back  to  Haddonfield 
by  that  thoroughfare.  Worn  out  and  disheart- 
ened, it  is  said  that  they  threw  two  brass  field- 
pieces  into  the  creek  near  where  now  is  Clements 
Bridge,  where  they  have  since  remained.  The 
King's  Highway  had  a  course  to  the  north,  near 
the  lower  part  of  the  township,  crossing  Little 
Timber  Creek  half  a  mile  below  its  present 
•bridge.  In  that  locality  was  a  tavern,  called  the 
"  Two  Tuus,"  which  was  kept  during  the  Revolu- 
tion by  an  old  lady  known  as  "  Aunty  High-cap," 
from  the  head-gear  she  wore.  Here  the  British 
officers  were  wont  to  assemble  and  regale  them- 
selves with  the  rum  the  old  lady  dispensed,  having 
little  fear  of  attack  or  disturbance  by  the  Ameri- 
cans. This  over-confidence  led  to  the  death  of 
one  of  their  number,  who  was  shot  by  a  patriot 
more  than  a  third  of  a  mile  from  the  house,  and 
whose  presence  was  never  discovered  by  the  Brit- 
ish. 

The  tavern  was  abandoned  after  the  course  of 
the  road  was  changed,  and  the  tavern  nearer  what 
is  now  Brownings  Landing  was  also  discontinued. 
At  this  landing  and  at  Crispins  Landing  large 
quantities  of  moulders'  sand  were  formerly  ship- 
ped, and  manure  and  coal  received  in  return. 
Small  scows  yet  occasionally  land  at  these  places, 
but  they  are  not  important  in  a  business  point  of 
view. 

Mount  Ephraim  has  a  beautiful  location,  mid- 
way between  Gloucester  and  Haddonfield,  five 
miles  from  Camden,  on  the  Blackwood  turnpike. 
It  is  also  the  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Reading 
Railroad,  which  was  completed  to  this  place  as  a 
narrow-gauge  road  June  10,  1876,  and  changed  to 
a  standard  gauge,  in  1885,  by  the  present  company. 
Six  trains  per  day  afford  communication  with 
Camden,  at  Kaighn's  Point,  five  miles  distant, 
while  half  that  distance  only  separates  it .  from 
Gloucester.  Its  situation  and  healthful  surround- 
ings are  favorable  to  its  becoming  a  thriving  subur- 
ban town. 

Though  an  old  business  point,  its  growth  has 
been  slow  and  was  uneventful  until  the  completion 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OP  CENTRE. 


711 


of  the  railroad.  That  year  the  first  regular  plat 
bf  lots  was  made  by  James  Davis,  the  original 
village  not  being  laid  out,  except  a  few  lots  by 
Hezekiah  Shivers,  about  1820.  In  1876  Joseph 
Warrington  also  laid  out  an  addition,  and  Mary 
K.  Howell  one  the  following  year.  John  D.  Glover 
made  an  addition  in  1886,  as  also  did  the  Mount 
Ephraim  Land  and  Improvement  Company,  which 
was  incorporated  March  8,  1886.  These  additions 
aggregate  more  than  two  thousand  lots.  In  the 
fall  of  1876  the  Iowa  State  Exposition  Building 
was  removed  to  this  place  from  Philadelphia,  and 
was  converted  into  a  residence  for  Joseph  H. 
Bower,  and  since  that  time  a  number  of  fine  resi- 
dences have  been  erected.  In  June,  1886,  the  vil- 
lage had  a  public  hall,  store,  tavern  and  twenty- 
five  dwellings. 

The  town  hall  was  built  in  1862  for  both  school 
and  public  purposes,  and  is  a  neat,  two-  story  frame 
building.  In  it  the  Baptists  have  maintained  a 
Sabbath-school  for  several  years,  but  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1886  that  denomination  built  the  first  house 
of  worship  in  the  village.  The  chapel  was  erected 
for  mission  purposes,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Baptist  Church  of  Haddonfield. 

A  public-house  has  been  kept  in  this  locality  from 
a  period  so  remote  that  the  memory  of  the  oldest 
citizen  does  not  reach  it.  The  first  keeper  is  not  re- 
membered, but  it  is  believed  to  have  been  Ephraim 
Albertson,  from  whom  the  village  obtained  its 
name  and  who  owned  the  land.  He  was  a  farmer, 
and  it  is  quite  probable  that  he  added  to  his  other 
duties  those  of  a  tavern-keeper.  William  Batt 
was  the  proprietor  of  the  old  hostelry  in  1826,  and 
James  Jennett  came  after  him,  achieving  con- 
siderable reputation  as  a  landlord  and  horse- trainer. 
He  often  had  a  large  number  of  thoroughbreds 
in  bis  stables,  some  coming  from  States  as  far  dis- 
tant as  Kentucky.  Among  other  horses  he  prepared 
for  the  race-course  were  those  of  General  Irwin,  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  Dr.  McClellan,  of  Philadel- 
phia, father  of  the  late  General  McClellan,  of  New 
Jersey.  Jennett  had  a  track  near  his  tavern  and 
also  used  the  course  near  Camden,  where  famous 
trials  of  speed  took  place.  The  old  tavern  has 
had  many  owners,  among  them  being  Charles 
Buckingham,  who  is  still  the  proprietor,  though 
not  the  keeper  of  the  place. 

Opposite  the  tavern  was  the  first  store,  a  small 
farm  building,  which  was  removed  in  1877,  after 
Charles  C.  Clark  had  put  up  the  present  stand  on 
an  adjoining  lot.  Clark  has  since  been  in  trade, 
and  is  also  postmaster  of  the  Mt.  Ephraim  oflBce, 
which  is  the  only  one  in  the  township.  In  the  old 
building  a  number  of  persons  traded,  among  those 
86 


best  remembered  being  Jonathan  Johnson,  James 
M.  Glover,  Joseph  Tomlinson,  Samuel  Eastlack, 
Peleg  Brown,  William  Garrett,  John  I.  Brick  and 
Charles  Brown. 

On  the  corner  beyond  the  turnpike  Wm.  Hugg 
formerly  had  an  undertaker's  shop  which  was 
changed  to  a  store  by  Daniel  Lamb,  where  Simon 
W.  Mitton  and  James  Cordery  afterwards  traded. 
William  K.  Cook  was  the  last  there  engaged  in 
merchandising,  and  converted  it  into  a  residence 
which  is  now  occupied  by  him.  On  this  corner 
several  mechanics'  shops  are  carried  on,  but  the 
proximity  of  Mt.  Ephraim  to  older  and  larger 
towns  has  limited  its  interests  and  occupations  to 
what  has  been  above  noted. 

The  Hedden  Methodist  Episcopal  Chuech. 
— This  house  of  worship  is  in  the  old  Budd  neigh- 
borhood, on  the  Blackwood  turnpike,  a  little  less 
than  a  mile  from  Mount  Ephraim.  It  is  a  large, 
plain  frame  building,  standing  on  a  spacious  lot,- 
connected  with  which  is  a  cemetery  of  about  an 
acre  of  ground.  As  it  now  stands  it  was  erected 
in  1868,  at  a  cost  of  $2500,  but  prior  to  that  time  a 
smaller  house,  built  about  1840,  had  been  occupied. 
The  church  has  been  connected  with  other  appoint- 
ments in  this  and  Gloucester  County  to  form  a 
circuit,  belonging  at  present  to  Chews  Landing 
Circuit.  Its  membership  in  1886  was  sixty,  and 
the  board  of  trustees  was  composed  of  Hiram  J. 
Budd,  J.  C.  Curtis,  John  Webb,  John  Williams, 
John  Peters  and  James  McManus.  A  Sunday- 
school  of  eighty-five  members  has  George  W. 
Barnes  as  its  superintendent. 

In  the  cemetery  the  following  interments  have 
been  noted,  most  of  these  persons  named  having 
been  connected  with  the  church  : 

Jehu  Budd,  died  1882,  aged  fifty-two  years. 
Jacob  Wagner,  died  1884,  aged  eighty-five  years. 
Amy  Wagner,  died  1850,  aged  fifty-seven  years. 
William  W.  Webb,  died  1879,  aged  seventy  years. 
Elizabeth  Curtis,  died  1853,  aged  sixty-four  years. 
Joseph  Webb,  died  18.')4,  aged  eighty  years. 
Bebecca  Webb,  died  1855,  aged  seventy-one  years. 
Hugh  H.  Garrettson,  died  1853,  aged  fifty-eight  years. 
Elizabeth  Johnson,  died  1849,  aged  sixty-six  years. 
Martha  Coolc,  died  1885,  aged  sixty-seven  years. 
Patience  Gladden,  died  1885,  seventy-four  years. 
Joseph  D.  Fox,  died  1876,  aged  seventy-one  years. 
Sarah  Curtis,  died  1879,  aged  seventy-seven  years. 
Eli  Braaington,  died  1843,  aged  forty-two  years. 
John  Peters,  died  1652,  aged  sixty-four  years, 
Mary  Peters,  died  1880,  aged  seventy-oight  years. 
Mary  Ogg,  died  1866,  aged  seventy-six  years. 
Elizabeth  Sayers,  died  1869,  aged  forty  five  years. 
Elizabeth  Budd,  died  1879,  aged  seventy-one  years. 
Sarah  Hendry,  died  1842,  aged  eighty-three  years. 
David  Galaway,  died  1842,  aged  thirty-two  years. 
Philip  Peters,  died  1851,  aged  fifty-eight  years. 
Mary  A.  Peters,  died  1876,  aged  eighty-five  years. 
Micajah  Beakley,  died  1876,  aged  sixty-three  years. 


712 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Joseph  Budd,  died  1862,  aged  sixty-three  years. 
John  Stewart,  died  1867,  aged  seventy-eight  years. 
Martha  Stewart,  died  1864,  aged  sevonty-flve  years, 
rrederick  Lister,  died  1371,  aged  forty-nine  years. 
Jane  E.  Zane,  died  1874,  aged  sixty-six  years. 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Joseph  M.  Haines.— The  family  from  which 
Joseph  M.  Haines  is  descended  came  from  Eng- 
land shortly  after  the  arrival  of  the  "  Commission- 
ers in  Burlington,  in  1678."  They  settled  in  Eves- 
ham township,  Burlington  County,  and  among 
the  names  are  William,  Thomas,  Daniel,  Nathan, 
Samuel,  Sarah,  Deborah  and  Amos. 

In  the  reign  of  one  of  the  English  Kings,  one  of 
their  ancestors  offered  the  King  a  bowl  of  punch  as 
he  rode  along  the  highway,  and  he  was  knighted 
on  the  spot  for  his  hospitality.  This  characteristic 
has  been  transmitted  with  their  good  name  to  the 
present  generation.  As  early  as  1711  Jonathan 
Haines  married  Mary  Matlack.  He  died  in  1729, 
leaving  in  his  will  the  old  homestead  farm.  In  1738 
Nehemiah  and  John  Haines  conveyed  land  to  John 
Peacock,  and  the  old  "  Haines  Saw-Mills,"  on  Ean- 
cocas  Creek,  was  their  property.  In  the  earlier 
periods  of  our  country's  history  they  were  stirring 
and  energetic  men.  Jacob  Haines  was  born  in 
Burlington  County  ;  he  was  married  twice,  and  his 
children  were  as  follows  :  Samuel,  Abel  (father  of 
Joseph  M.),  Jacob,  Beulah,  Stokes  and  Hannah. 

Abel  Haines  married  Nancy  Moore,  daughter  of 
Joseph  and  Nancy  Moore,  whose  maiden-name  was 
Heulings,  by  whom  he  had  the  following-named 
children:  Jacob,  Mary  Ann,  Rachel  M.,  Eliza, 
Samuel,  Ann  Eliza,  Abel  and  Joseph  M.  and 
William,  all  deceased  but  Samuel  and  Joseph  M. 


Abel,  after  his  marriage,  settled  upon  the  farm  sitr 
uated  on  Beaver  Branch  and  now  owned  by  Joseph 
M.,  and  he  was  considered  the  "  pioneer  farmer  of 
the  neighbnrhood."  He  was  the  first  to  bring  fertili- 
zers of  any  kind  up  Great  Timber  Creek  in  vessels, 
and  of  his  skill  and  knowledge  in  husbandry 
John  Gill  used  to  say,  "I  borrowed  from  his 
book." 

Joseph  M.  Haines  has  always  been  a  farmer  and 
lived  on  the  old  homestead  until  quite  recently, 
when  he  retired  to  Mount  Ephraim,  near  which 
place  he  was  born  on  August  15,  1826. 

On  the  22d  day  of  April,  1869,  he  was  married  to 
Martha  D.  Calm,  daughter  of  Davis  W.  and  Han- 
nah (Lacy)  Calm,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Phcebe 
Lacy.  Their  children  are  Joseph  E  ,  Ann  Eliza, 
Emily  M.,  Abel,  Martha  E.  and  Henry  C.  Ann 
Eliza  is  deceased. 

Joseph  M.  Haines  is  a  Friend,  as  were  his 
ancestors.  In  politics,  a  Republican.  He  has  been 
township  collector,  member  of  township  com- 
mittees, commissioner  of  appeal,  member  of  Board 
of  Chosen  Freeholders,  and  for  eight  years  on 
the  standing  committees  continuously.  While 
freeholder  he  has  always  been  noted  for  strict  justice 
and  integrity,  and  at  the  age  of  sixty  enjoys  good 
health.  The  Haineses  are  well-known  in  Burlington 
and  Camden  Counties,  and  are  connected  by  mjir- 
riage  with  the  oldest  families. 

Joseph  M.  holds  the  deed  given  in  1689  by 
John  Hugg  to  his  son  John,  the  Huggs  at  that 
time  owning  vast  properties,  while  now  none  is 
held  in  their  name,  while  in  the  name  of  Haines 
it  descends  from  father  to  son  through  the  different 
generations. 


//(O/^l^yn^ 


THE    TOWNSHIP    OF   DELAWARE.^ 


CHAPTER  XVII. 

civil  History— Affairs  of  the  Township  duriDg  the  CiTil  War— List 
of  Officials— Mills— Early  Settlers— The  Howells,  Coopers,  Cham- 
pions, Collins,  Burroughs,  Ellis,  Heritages,  Kays,  Matlacks, 
Shivere,  Stokesee,  Davises,  Frenches  and  othera— Old  Houses— 
Ellisburg- BatesTille. 

Civil   History.— The  township  of  Delaware 
was  originally  a  part  of  Waterford  township.     An 
eflTort  was  made  in  1838  to  erect  a  township  from 
the   west   end   of  that  township.     At  a  meeting 
of  citizens  December  12th  in  that  year  notice  was 
given  that  application  would  be  made  to  the  Leg- 
islature at  the  then  present  session  for  a  township 
to   be  made  from  the  territory  so   described.     It 
does  not  appear  that  the   application  was  made 
until  five  years  later,  when,  on  the  28th  of  Febru- 
ary, 1844,  an   act  was  passed  by  the  Legislature, 
and  was   approved,  by  which  all   that  portion  of 
Waterford  township  lying  north  of  the  road  run- 
ning from  Clementon   to  the  Burlington   County 
line,  near  the  grist-mill   known  as  Hopkins'  mill 
(now  owned  by  Charles  E.  Matlack),  and  extend- 
ing to  the  Delaware  River,  embracing  all  the  ter- 
ritory between  Coopers   Creek  and  the  Pensaukin 
(which  constitutes   the   dividing  line  between  the 
counties  of  Burlington  and  Camden,  then  Glouces- 
ter), was  set  oflf"  and  designated  as  the  township 
of  Delaware.     The  first   town-meeting   of  the  in- 
habitants of  the  township  of  Delaware  was  held 
in  the  town-house,  at  Ellisburg,  on   the  13th  day 
of  March,  1844.    John  Coles  was  elected  moderator 
and  Mahlon  M.  Coles  (his  son)  clerk.    The  report 
of  the  committee  of  the  township  of  Waterford 
was   read   and   approved,  after  which   a  series  of 
resolutions  were  passed,  embracing  the  following 
points  of  business : 

"Resolved,  -That  the  sum  of  seven  hundred  dollars  be  raised  for 
township  purposes.     That  the  fees  of  the  tiiwnship  committee  be 
1  By  Hoii.  Edward  Bnrrough 


seventy-five  cents  per  day.  That  the  overseer  of  the  highways  be 
paid  two  dollars  and  twenty-five  cents  for  plowing  and  machinery  ; 
one  dollar  and  seventy-five  cents  per  day  for  two  horses,  wagon  and 
driver ;  one  dollar  and  twenty-five  cents  per  day  for  one  horse, 
cart  and  driver  ;  and  laborers  seventy-five  cents  per  day;  and  all 
work  on  the  roads  must  be  done  between  the  first  day  of  April  and 
the  first  day  of  October.  That  all  monej's  derived  from  surplus 
revenue  he  appropriated  for  the  purpose  of  education  in  the  town- 
sliip.  That  all  moneys  received  ftom  dog-tax  be  appropriated  to 
pay  for  sheep  killed  by  dogs.  That  the  constable  be  jiaid  twenty-five 
cents  for  his  services  and  the  township  physicians  ten  dollars  each. 
That  the  inhabitants  of  the  township  shall  vote  by  ballot,  unless 
otherwise  ordered  by  said  inhabitants.  That  the  town-meetings  be 
held  at  the  town-house  in  Ellisburg,  and  the  election  on  the  first 
day  at  the  Union  School-house,  and  on  the  second  day  at  the  town- 
house." 

The  following  officers  were  then  duly  elected  for 
the  ensuing  year,  viz.  : 

Judge  of  Election,  Josiah  Ellis  ;  Assessor,  Evan  C.  Smith  ;  Chosen 
Freeholders,  Jacob  Troth,  Joseph  Kay,  Jr.  ;  Surveyors  of  Highways, 
Joseph  H.  Ellis,  Aaron  Moore  ;  Township  Committee,  Joseph  K. 
Lippincott,  Samuel  T.  Coles,  Joseph  A.  Burrough,  Isaac  Adams, 
Alexander  Cooper ;  Commissioners  of  Appeals,  Joseph  H.  Coles, 
Charles  Beck,  Adam  B.  Evaul ;  Overseers  of  Highways,  Job  Coles, 
William  E.  Matlack,  Richard  Shivers,  Joshua  Stone,  Reuben 
Roberts  ;  Constable,  John  Lawrence ;  Ovei-seei-s  of  the  Poor,  George 
Haines,  Jacob  H.  Fowler,  Joshua  Stone  ;  School  Committee,  Bei^a- 
min  W.  Cooper,  Joseph  A.  Burrough,  Joseph  C.  Stafford  ;  Pound- 
Keepers,  Joseph  Ellis,  Jonathan  Fetters ;  Township  Physicians, 
Charles  D.  Hendry,  M.D.,  Richard  M.  Cooper,  M.D. 

The  practice  of  holding  elections  in  two  places 
and  on  different  days  seems  to  have  been  aban- 
doned by  a  resolution  passed  at  the  next  town- 
meeting,  in  March,  1845,  which  has  never  been  re- 
scinded, and  which  directs  that  all  elections  be  held 
in  the  town-house  at  Ellisburg.  It  is  evident  that 
at  this  meeting  the  township  committee  was  in- 
structed to  meet  with  the  township  committee  of 
Waterford  and  effect  a  division  of  the  debts  and 
assets  of  the  townships,  as  the  following  Article 
of  Agreement  between  the  committees  of  the  town- 
ships of  Delaware  and  Waterford  is  recorded  in  the 
records  of  the  township: 

'*  AGEKKMEXT  BETWEEN  THE  COMMITTEES  OF  THE  TOWNSHIPS  OF  DELA- 
WAKE  AMD  WATEEFORD. 

*'  In  pursuance  of  an  Act  of  the  Legislature,  Entitled  An  Act  to 

713 


(14 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


establish  a  New  Township,  in  the  County  of  Gloucester,  to  be  called 
the  township  of  Delaware.  We,  the  undersigned,  being  the  town- 
ship committees  of  the  said  townships  of  Delaware  and  Waterford, 
having  met  the  eighteenth  day  of  March,  1844,  at  the  house  of 
Joseph  Ellis,  and  having  proceeded  to  ascertain  the  proportion  of 
tax  assessed  in  each  part  of  the  township  of  Waterford,  that  now 
constitutes  the  townships  of  Delaware  and  Waterford  do  find  that 
one-fourth  part  of  the  tax,  assessed  as  aforesaid,  was  assessed  in  that 
part  that  now  is  the  township  of  Waterford,  and  three  fourths  in 
that  part  that  now  is  the  township  of  Delaware,  and  we  do  find  and 
ascertain  that  there  is  on  hand,  in  cash,  the  sum  of  two  hundred  and 
eighty-six  and  twenty  eight  one-hundredths  dollars,  and  there  is  a 
pound  built  for  impounding  cattle  of  the  value  of  twenty  dollars,  and 
there  is  two  township  grave-yards,  both  in  the  township  of  Delaware, 
and  with  their  fences  valued  at  thirty-six  dollars,  and  a  plough  of 
the  value  often  dollars  ;  also  a  Town-House,  built  by  the  inhabit- 
ants of  EUisburg  and  vicinity,  towards  which  the  township  of  Water- 
ford contributed  two  hundred  dollars,  amounting  together  to  the  sum 
of  five  hundred  and  fifty -two  dollars  and  twenty-eight  cents,  three- 
fourths  of  which,  being  fourhundred  and  fourteen  dollars  and  thirty 
one  cents,  belongs  to  the  township  of  Delaware,  and  one  hundred  and 
thirty-eight  dollars  and  seven  cents,  being  one-fourth  part,  belongs  to 
the  township  of  Waterford.  And  we  do  find  a  Bond  accompanied  by  a 
Mortgage  against  John  Rogers  for  the  sum  of  one  hundred  and  sixty 
dollars,  with  interest ;  there  is  also  unpaid  on  the  Tax  warranto  of  the 
past  and  preceding  years  the  sum  of  ten  hundred  and  forty-nine 
dollars  and  twenty-four  cents,  which,  when  collected,  or  such  part*^ 
thereof  as  can  be  collected,  is  to  be  divided  as  before  mentioned,  viz. ' 
three-fourths  to  the  township  of  Delaware,  and  one-fourth  to  the 
township  of  Waterford.  There  are  also  tax  warrants  iQ  the  hands 
of  Caleb  Nixon,  former  Constable,  on  which  a  part  may  probably  be 
collected.  Such  sums  as  may  be  collected  hereafter  to  be  divided  in 
the  same  proportion  as  before  stated.  The  cash  on  band  was  this 
day  divided  in  the  above  proportions,  and  the  moneys  that  may  be 
hereafter  collected  are  to  be  divided  as  above,  after  the  township  of 
Waterford  deducts  the  sum  of  sixty-six  dollars  and  fifty  cents— its 
share  of  the  property— all  of  which  now  being  in  the  township  of 
Delaware. 

Comviittee  of  the  tciwship  of  Dela-       Committee  of  the  township  of 


'  Alexander  Cooper. 
Joseph  A.  Burrough. 
Joseph  K.  Lippincott. 
Samuel  T.  Coles. 


'  March  18,  1844.' 


Waierford. 
Joseph  Porter. 
Eichard  Stafford, 
Job  Kirkbride. 
Seth  Cain. 
John  S.  Peacock. 
*  Mahlon  M.  Coles,  Town  Clerk. 


As  will  be  noticed  by  reference  to  the  settlement 
between  this  township  and  the  mother  township 
of  Waterford,  mention  is  made  of  the  township's 
interest  in  the  school-house  at  EUisburg.  Over 
the  door  of  the  school-house  is  a  semicircular  mar- 
ble slab  bearing  the  inscription :  "  EUisburg 
School  and  Waterford  Town-House."  This,  it 
seems,  the  people  wished  changed  so  as  to  bear  the 
name  of  the  new  township,  and  at  the  town-meet- 
ing in  1848,  which  passed  the  resolutions  relating 
to  Petty 's  Island,  the  following  resolution  was 
also  adopted  : 

"Resolved,  That  whereas  the  name  of  Waterford 
is  placed  on  the  marble  slab  in  front  of  the  Town 
House,  that  the  same  be  erased  and  Delaware  in- 
serted in  place  thereof,  and  that  a  suitable  person 
be  appointed  to  employ  a  marble  mason  to  do  the 
same,  provided  the  cost  does  not  exceed  the  sum 


of  fifteen  dollars,  to  be  paid  out  of  the  funds  of  the 
township  of  Delaware." 

Joseph  Ellis  was  appointed  to  have  the  work 
done.  But  whether  the  sum  appropriated  was  too 
small  or  whether  a  suitable  man  could  not  be 
found  to  do  the  work  does  not  appear,  but  from 
some  cause  there  was  nothing  further  done  iu  the 
matter,  and  the  same  stone,  bearing  the  original 
inscription,  is  still  in  its  place,  and  is  respected  as 
a  souvenir  of  past  relations  with  Waterford  town- 
ship. 

Prior  to  the  divi-iion  of  Delaware  township  there 
appears  to  have  been  a  great  reluctance  on  the  part 
of  the  officers  elected  to  accept  their  offices,  as 
special  town-meetings  were  held  in  1847, 1853  and 
1854  to  elect  officers  to  fill  vacancies  occasioned  by 
refusals  to  serve  and  neglect  to  qualify. 

Affairs  of  the  War  Period. — When  the 
War  of  the  Rebellion  broke  out  the  people  of  Del- 
aware township  were  not  slow  to  respond  to  their 
country's  call,  and  goodly  numbers  of  her  sons  vol- 
unteered their  services  in  response  to  the  several 
calls  for  troops,  and  it  can  be  said  to  her  credit 
that  her  quotas  were  always  promptly  filled  and 
none  of  her  citizens  were  compelled  to  enter 
the  service  as  drafted  ones,  although  a  number  of 
them  can  show  notifications  of  being  drafted.  The 
first  action  taken  by  the  township  was  at  a  special 
town-meeting  called  expressly  for  that  purpose  on 
August  27,  1862,  at  which  Joseph  A.  Burrough 
was  elected  chairman  and  Joseph  H.  Fowler  clerk. 
The  following  resolutions  were  adopted :  "  Where- 
as, The  inhabitants  of  Delaware  Township  having 
met  at  a  special  town-meeting  to  manifest  their 
patriotism  to  their  country  and  to  facilitate  volun- 
teering, Sesolved,  That  the  Town  Committee  of 
Delaware  township  be  and  are  hereby  authorized 
to  borrow  Three  Thousand  Dollars  to  be  appropri- 
ated as  a  Bounty  in  sums  of  seventy-five  dollars  to 
each  person  that  has  or  may  volunteer  in  the  nine 
months'  service,  and  is  accredited  to  Delaware 
township.  Resolved,  That  the  township  committee 
pay  the  Bounty  as  soon  as  the  volunteers  are  mus- 
tered into  the  United  States  Service." 

At  the  next  annual  town-meeting  an  assessment 
of  fifteen  hundred  dollars  was  ordered  to  be  levied 
towards  paying  off  this  debt. 

On  the  13th  of  August,  1863,  another  special 
town-meeting  was  held,  at  which  it  was  "  Resolved, 
To  raise  Twenty-Seven  hundred  dollars  by  taxa- 
tion to  pay  a  bounty  of  One  hundred  and  fifty 
dollars  each  to  eighteen  men,  who  shall  be  enlisted 
to  fill  the  quota  of  the  township,  as  soon  as  they 
are  mustered  into  the  United  States  Service." 

Another  special  town-meeting  was  held  on  No- 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  DELAWAEE. 


715 


vember  28,  1863,  and  the  township  committee  was 
ordered  to  borrow  four  thousand  dollars  and  to  pay 
volunteers  to  fill  the  township  quota  under  the 
present  call  for  troops,  and  Joseph  0.  StaflFord  was 
appointed  to  go  to  Trenton  to  secure  the  necessary 
legislation  to  make  the  township  raise  the  money. 

Another  special  town-meeting  was  held  April 
30,  1864.  It  was  "  Resolved,  That  the  township 
committee  are  authorized  to  borrow  such  sum  or 
sums  of  money  as  shall  be  necessary  to  pay  the 
Bounty  required  to  fill  the  quota,  said  loan  or 
sums  to  be  paid  when  there  shall  be  sufficient 
funds  in  the  Collector's  hands  to  pay  the  same." 
At  the  same  town-meeting  a  tax  of  five  dollars  per 
head  was  levied  upon  every  male  tax-payer  in  the 
township. 

On  July  13,  1864,  another  special  town-meeting 
was  held,  at  which  it  was  ^'Resolved,  That  the 
township  Committee  have  the  Authority  to  get 
volunteers  and  to  borrow  money  to  pay  the 
same." 

Another  special  town-meeting  was  held  October 
4,  1864,  at  which  the  action  of  the  meeting  in 
July  was  confirmed,  and  the  sum  of  ten  thousand 
dollars  was  ordered  to  be  raised  and  a  special  tax 
of  ten  dollars  per  head  was  levied  upon  all  male 
citizens  above  the  age  of  twenty  years,  and  that 
the  tax  be  collected  within  thirty  days. 

Another  special  town-meeting  was  held  January 
2,  1865,  at  which  Asa  R.  Lippincott  was  appointed 
chairman  and  Elwood  H.  Fowler  secretary,  and 
the  following  preamble  and  resolutions  were 
adopted:  "  Whereas,  The  inhabitants  of  the  town- 
ship of  Delaware  having  met  in  special  town- 
meeting,  in  order  to  fill  the  quota  of  the  township 
and  relieve  the  inhabitants  from  a  draft,  and  the 
quota  not  having  been  assigned;  Therefore  Re- 
solved, That  such  persons  as  this  meeting  shall 
designate  are  here  by  authorized  to  loan  such  sums 
of  money  as  shall  be  necessary  to  pay  volunteers 
to  fill  quota,  and  that  the  loans  so  ordered  shall 
not  be  redeemable  until  after  the  first  of  Novem- 
ber, 1865,  when  such  loans  of  money  shall  be  paid; 
that  the  amount  necessary  to  pay  said  loans 
be  assessed  and  collected  at  the  same  time  and  in 
the  same  manner  as  the  county  and  township  taxes 
are  raised." 

At  the  annual  town-meeting  held  March  8, 1865, 
the  action  of  the  special  town-meetings  was  ap- 
proved, and  the  sum  of  twenty-five  thousand  dol- 
lars was  ordered  to  be  raised  to  aid  in  paying  off 
the  debt.  In  1866  the  sum  of  twenty  thousand 
dollars  was  appropriated  to  pay  off  the  debt,  and  in 
1867  five  thousand  dollars  was  ordered  to  be  raised 
for  a.  like  purpose,  which  so  reduced  the  debt  that 


only  small  amounts  were  raised  in  addition  to  the 
usual  appropriations.  These  practically  extin- 
guished the  entire  debt  in  three  years  after  the  close 
of  the  war.  During  this  exciting  period,  and  the 
hurry  incident  to  enlisting  and  paying  volunteers, 
the  handling  of  such  unusual  amounts  of  money 
and  the  limited  time  often  experienced  in  getting 
the  money  and  paying  it  away,  a  discrepancy  of 
about  sixteen  hundred  dollars  was  found  to  exist 
in  the  accounts,  and,  after  a  year  spent  in  trying 
to  solve  the  mystery,  the  inhabitants,  in  annual 
town-meeting,  resolved  to  assume  the  debt  as  it 
was,  and  exonerated  the  township  committee  from 
all  blame.  Throughout  the  whole  proceedings  in- 
cident to  aiding  the  government  in  subduing  the 
Rebellion,  the  people  of  this  township  evinced  a 
determined  and  patriotic  zeal  to  stand  by  the 
Union ;  liberal  bounties  were  always  paid  volun- 
teers, and  money  freely  voted,  and  at  all  times  in 
unlimited  amounts.  Taxes  were  promptly  levied 
and  collected,  which  enabled  the  township  not  only 
to  fill  its  quotas  of  volunteers  for  every  call,  and, 
in  some  instances,  in  advance  of  the  calls,  but  also 
to  extinguish  its  war  debt  within  the  same  decade 
in  which  it  was  contracted.  Since  the  extinguish- 
ing of  the  war  debt  the  affairs  of  the  township' 
have  been  judiciously  and  economically  adminis- 
tered, and  no  bonded  debt  contracted  until  the 
building  of  a  new  town-house,  in  1885,  when  the 
sum  of  two  thousand  dollars  was  ordered  bor- 
rowed to  complete  the  structure. 

At  the  forty-second  annual  town-meeting,  held 
March  10, 1885,  the  following  preamble  and  reso- 
lutions were  adopted : 

"  WTiei-eas,  The  present  accommodatioQS  of  the  township  of  Dela- 
ware, now  enjoyed  in  the  town  and  school-house,  greatly  interfere 
with  the  puhlic  school ;  and  Wliereas,  The  trustees  of  Ellisburg 
School  District  have  offered  to  pay  to  the  township  of  Delaware  a 
Bum  of  money  equivalent  to  the  value  of  the  township  interest  in  tUe 
present  building ;  and  Whereas^  William  Graff,  a  land-owner,  ad- 
joining the  school  property,  has  offered  to  donate  a  sufficient  amount 
of  land  to  build  a  hall  for  township  purposes ;  therefore  be  it  Re- 
solved, That  the  proposition  of  William  Graff  to  donate  a  lot  of  laud 
sufficient  to  build  a  town  hall,  not  less  than  sixty  feet  in  front,  and 
tbe  same  depth  as  the  present  school-lot,  be  accepted. 

"Beiolved^  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed,  who  are  hereby 
directed  to  proceed  aud  secure  a  good  and  sufficient  title  to  the  land 
thus  donated,  and  that  as  soon  as  the  same  shall  be  secured  and  the 
money  raised,  that  they  shall  proceed  to  build  a  hall  for  the  town- 
sbip  on  said  lot,  in  such  mauner  and  of  such  material  as  in  their 
judgment  shall  be  to  the  best  interest  of  the  township,  and  that  the 
sum  of  one  thousand  dollars  be  raised  especially  for  that  purpose." 

The  committee  appointed  to  do  the  work  were 
William  Graff,  Isaac  W.  Coles  and  Edward  S, 
Huston,  with  Alfred  Hillman,  Samuel  L.  Bur- 
rough  and  John  A.  Meredith,  of  the  township 
committee,  who  completed  the  present  building  in 
time  for  the  general  fall  election  to  be  held  therein. 


716 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


OFFICERS. 

Judges  of  Election. 

.losiah  Ellis From  1844  to  1848 

Charles  Knight From  1848  to  IS.'il 

Evan  C.  Smith From  1861  to  1852 

Thomas  P.  Clement From  18.52  to  1 863 

Charles  Knight From  1863  to  18.54 

Thomas  P.  Clements From  1864  to  1859 

Evan  C.  Smith From  1869  to  1863 

John  C.  Sbreeve From  1863  to  1864 

Benjamin  M  Champion From  1864  to  1865 

John  G.  Peak From  1865  to  1866 

David  D.  Burrongh From  1866  to.  1868 

Thomas  B.  Blackwood From  1868  to  1870 

Isaac  W.  Coles From  18Y0  to  1886 

Tovm  Clerks. 

Mahlon  M.  Coles From  1844  to  1847 

John  Eiidderow From  1847  tol849 

Josiah  H.  Ellis From  1840  to  1863 

Evan  C.  Smith From  1863  to  1864 

George  W.Armstrong From  1854  to  1855 

Asa  P.  Horner From  1866  to  1856 

Elwood  H.  Fowler From  1866  to  1867 

Samuel  B.  Githens : From  1857  to  1860 

Joseph  H.  Fowler From  1860  to  1864 

BlanchardB.  H.  Archer From  1 864  to  1865 

■William  C.  Wood From  1866  lo  1867 

Edward  Burrongh From  1867  to  1879 

Enoch  C.  Koberta From  1879  to  1881 

Joseph  K.  Hillman From  1881  to  1882 

Clayton  Stafford From  1882  to  1886 

Assessors. 

Evan  C.  Smith From  1844  to  1849 

John  Kudderow From  1849  to  1854 

EvanC.  Smith From  1854  to  1865 

Theodore  W.  Rogers From  1865  to  1860 

Samuel  B.  Githens From  I860  to  1864 

Evan  0.  Smith From  1864  to  1867 

Isaac  P.  liippincott From  1867  to  1863 

Joseph  H.  Fowler From  1868  to  1878 

William  D.  Coles From  1878  to  18S6 

Collectors. 

George  T.  RisdoD From  1844  to  1851 

Asa  P.  Horner From  mM  to  1855 

Joel  Horner From  1855  to  1869 

Elwood  H.  Fowler From  1869  to  1870 

John  T.  Coles From  1870  to  1877 

Edward  S.  Huston From  1877  to  1886 

Township  Committee. 

Alexander  Cooper From  1844  to  1849 

Joseph  A.  Burrongh From  1844  to  1845 

Joseph  K.  Lippincott .From  1844  to  1849 

Samuel  T.  Coles From  1844  to  1849 

Isaac  Adams From  1844  to  1846 

Charles  Knight From  1845  to  1849 

Adam  B.  Evaul From  1846  to  1849 

John  H.  Lippincott From  1849  to  1862 

Thomas  P.  Clement From  1849  to  1864 

■William  Horner From  1849  to  1860 

William  E.  Matlack From  1849  to  1854 

Joseph  H.Coles From  1849  to  1851 

Joseph  A.  Bnrrough .....From  1860  to  1864 

Isaac  M.  Kay From  1861  to  18.53 

Joseph  0.  Staffoi-d From  1862  to  1854 

Joseph  F.  Kay From  1853  to  1855 

Samuel  E.  Clement From  1864  to  1855 

William  Horner From  1854  to  1865 

Isaac  Browning From  1864  to  1868 

John  H.  Lippincott From  1864  to  1856 

Asa  P.  Horner From  1855  to  1856 

Asa  E.  Lippincott From  1856  to  1862 


Thomas  Evaiis,  Jr From  1856  to  1858 

Evan  C.  Smith From  1865  to  1856 

Benjamin  Horner From  1856  to  1869 

•loseph  C.  Stafford From  1866  to  1867 

William  Carter. .....From  1868  to  1869 

JobB.  Kay From  1858  to  1861 

Joseph  A.  Burrongh From  1859  to  1863 

Isaac  W,  Nicholson From  1869  to  1869 

Mordecai  W.  Haines From  1861  to  1862 

Joseph  H.  Fowler From  1862  to  1864 

Samuel  S.  Haines From  1862  to  1869 

Enoch  Kobei-ts ..From  1863  to  1867 

William  D.  Coles From  1864  to  187S 

Joseph  H.  Coles From  1867  to  1869 

Joseph  F.  Kay From  1867  to '872 

Samuel  L.  Burrongh From  1869  to  1874 

Asa  E.  Lippincott. From  1869  to  1876 

John  H.Wilkins Frrm  1869  to  1872 

Alfred  Hillman From  1872  to  1886 

Leonard  Snowden ...From  1872  to  1874 

Joseph  Hinchman,  Jr From  1874  to  1879 

Abel  Hillman From  1874  to  1877 

Joseph  G.  Evans From  1875  to  1877 

Samuel  L.  Biirrough From  1876  to  1881 

William  D.  Coles From  1877  to  1878 

Charles  E.  Matlack From  1877  to  1879 

John  T.  Coles From  1878  to  1879 

Abel  Hillman From  1879  to  1882 

■William  Graff From  1881  to  1883 

John  A.Meredith From  1882  to  1886 

Samuel  L.  Burrongh From  1883  to  1886 

General  Characteristics. — The  irregulari- 
ties of  the  boundaries  of  this  township  bring  it 
near  the  boroughs  of  Merchantville  and  Haddon- 
field,  in  this  county,  and  the  villages  of  Marlton, 
Fellowship  and  Moorestown,  in  Burlington  County. 
While  it  contains  only  two  small  villages  and  but 
one  church — that  of  St.  Mary's,  at  Colestown,  be- 
ing the  oldest  Episcopal  Church  in  West  Jersey — 
and  a  Baptist  Chapel,  recently  erected  in  Ellis- 
burg,  which  constitute  the  religious  institutions  of 
the  township,  and  there  are  but  three  school  build- 
ings in  the  township ;  yet,  notwithstanding  this 
seeming  scarcity  of  churches  and  schools,  there  is 
no  community  in  the  county  that  enjoys  better  fa- 
cilities in  these  respects,  owing  to  those  in  adjoining 
townships  and  whose  school  districts  and  parishes 
embrace  large  tracts  in  this  township.  The  gen- 
eral character  of  the  township  is  that  of  a  prosperous 
agricultural  community,  composed  of  an  intelli- 
gent, honest,  economical  and  industrious  class  of 
citizens.  The  soil  is  that  of  a  sandy  loam,  al- 
though nearly  every  variety  of  the  soils  of  West 
Jersey  are  to  be  found  within  its  limits.  To  a 
greater  or  less  extent,  nearly  every  branch  of  ag- 
riculture is  pursued  ;  grain  and  grass,  stock,  truck, 
fruit  and  dairy-farming  are  largely  Carried  on  and 
its  products  and  value  of  its  lands  compare  favora- 
bly with  any  in  the  State,  being  Well  watered  and 
drained  by  numerous  live  streams,  tributaries  of 
the  two  creeks  forming  its  boundaries.  The  in- 
habitd,nts  of  this  township  have  always  regardied 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  DELAWARE. 


7X7 


a  good  system  of  highways  essential  to  the  welfare 
of  the  people,  and  since  the  formation  of  the 
township,  expend  annually  the  greater  portion  of 
the  township  taxes  upon  the  highways. 

Mills. — The  manufactures  are  chiefly  composed 
of  grist-mills  and  carriage-making  shops.  Of  the 
former  there  are  at  present  three  in  operation, 
with  two  or  three  vacant  sites  awaiting  develop- 
ment. The  mill  now  known  as  Leconey's  Mill 
situated  in  the  northwestern  past  of  the  township, 
on  the  Church  road,  about  half  a  mile  west  of 
Colestown  Cemetery,  was  built  by  Reuben  Rob- 
erts in  the  year  1838,  who  several  years  after  sold 
it  to  Richard  Leconey,  the  present  prosperous  and 
respected  owner,  It  has  long  been  noted  for  the 
superior  quality  of  the  flour  manufactured  in  it. 
Charles  Matlack's  mill,  in  the  eastern  part,  was 
formerly  known  as  Hopkins'  Mill,  and  is  still  in 
good  repair  and  doing  considerable  business.  It 
was  built  by  John  Sparks  near  the  close  of  the 
last  century.  A  few  years  ago  one  of  the  largest 
and  best  grist-mills,  situated  in  the  southern  part  of 
the  township,  and  known  as  Peterson's  Mill,  was 
burned  down,  and  although  the  foundations  of  a 
new  building  have  been  erected,  the  site  still  re- 
mains vacant.  Stevenson's  Mill,  near  Ellisburg, 
was  at  an  early  day  in  a  flourishing  condition,  but 
has  been  abandoned  for  the  past  decade  and  is  fast 
going  to  decay.  The  most  flourishing  of  all  the 
establishments  of  the  kind  in  the  township  is  the 
mill  of  J.  G.  Evans  &  Co.,  on  Coopers  Creek,  near 
the  borough  of  Haddonfield,  familiarly  known  as 
Evans'  Mill.  This  mill  was  erected  by  Isaac  Kay, 
in  1779,  who,  by  will,  left  it  to  his  son  Joseph.  It 
later  passed  to  Mathias  Kay,  and  in  1819  the  prop- 
erty was  purchased  by  Thomas  Evans,  by  whom 
it  was  rebuilt  and  enlarged  in  1839,  and  greatly 
improved  by  the  introduction  of  modern  machin- 
ery. Thomas  Evans  dying  in  1849,  left  the  mill 
by  will  to  his  son,  Josiah  B.  Evans.  He,  with 
progressive  ideas,  had  it  thoroughly  altered  and 
changed  and  was  assisted  by  Solomon  Matlack,  a 
first-class  millwright,  whom.Mr.  Evans  took  in  with 
him  as   one-third    partner. 

Josiah  Evans  died  in  1869,  leaving  the  property 
to  his  children,  who  now  own  it,  and  the  business 
is  carried  on  by  the  son,  Joseph  G.  Evans,  who  is 
ably  assisted  by  Reuben  Stiles.  In  all  these  years 
the  flour  was  made  by  the  old-fashioned  mill- 
stones, but  in  1883  it  was  changed  into  a  roller- 
mill  and  supplied  with  the  Stevens  rolls  and  many 
other  improvements.  Recently  they  added  the 
Four-Reel  Bolting  Chest,  manufactured  by  J.  M. 
Latimer  &  Co.  The  miU  has  a  capacity  of  seventy 
barrels  per  each  twenty-four  hours. 


For  an  account  of  the  Kay  Mill  prior  to  1779, 
see  the  history  of  the  borough  of  Haddonfield. 

In  1870  the  population  of  the  township  was  six- 
teen hundred  and  twenty-five,  and  in  the  cen- 
sus of  1880  it  is  put  down  at  fourteen  hundred 
and  eighty-one,  showing  a  decrease  in  ten  years 
of  one  hundred  and  forty-four. 

Early  Settlers. — The  country  comprising  the 
township  of  Delaware  was  settled  about  the  latter 
part  of  the  seventeenth  century,  and  many  of  the 
people  who  made  this  their  home  were  followers 
of  William   Penn,   and   the   Society   of  Friends 
claimed,  perhaps,  the  greater  portion  of  the  in- 
habitants.     Among  those  who    appear  to  have 
made  an  early  settlement,  and  whose  names  appear 
on  the  township  records,  are  the  Bateses,  Burroughs, 
Coleses,Coopers,  Collins,  Davises,  Ellises,  Gills,  Her- 
itages, Haineses,  Kays,  Matlacks,  Champions  and 
Shivers,  and  their  descendants,  still  bearing  these 
names,  are  numbered  among  the  present  inhab- 
itants.      Samuel   Coles    came    from  Coles   Hill, 
Hertfordshire,  England,   and  located  a  tract   of 
five  hundred  acres  of  land  on  the  north  side  of 
Coopers  Creek,  fronting  on  the  river.   This  survey, 
according  to  "  Early  Settlers  of  Newton,"  bears  date 
Third  Month  13, 1682.  Being  a  neighbor  of  William 
Cooper  at  Coles  Hill  was,  no  doubt,  the  cause  of 
his   locating   near  him  in  America,  as  William 
Cooper  at  that  time  lived  on  the  opposite  side  of 
the   creek,   in    the  midst  of   an   Indian  village. 
These  Indian  neighbors  informed  Coles  that  there 
was  better  land  farther  back  from  the  river ;  he 
determined  to  v.erify  these  statements,  and  find- 
ing them  correct,  he,  in  1685,  purchased  of  Jere<- 
miah  Richards  a  tract  of  over  one  thousand  acres, 
which,  although  unbroken  forest,  he  called  New 
Orchard.     This  tract  is  now  known  as  Colestown, 
and  embraces  many  valuable  farms,  and  much  of 
the  land  still  remains  in  the  direct  and  collateral 
branches   of   the  family.      Samuel  Coles   was  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  in  1683  and  1685,  and 
was  one  of  the  commissioners  appointed  to  locate 
the  boundary  line  between  Burlington  and  Glou- 
cester Counties.     He  returned  to  England  a  few 
years  later,  and  died  at  Barbadoes,  on  his  return 
voyage  to  America.     He  had  but  two  children, 
Samuel  and  Sarah;  the  former  inherited  the  whole 
of  the  real  estate,  and  occupied  the  same  until  his 
death,  in  1728.    The  old  house,  built  by  the  first 
Samuel,  was  standing  a  few  years  since;  it  was 
bujlt  of  logs,  one  story   high,  and   had  but  two 
windows ;  it  has  been   used  for  various  purposes, 
and  is  located  in  the  farnj-yard  of  Joseph  H.  Coles, 
at  Colestown,  a  lineal  descendant  from  the  first 
Samupl  Coles,  and  in  whom  the  title  of  the  prop- 


718 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


erty  still  remains.  The  Coles  are  a  numerous 
family,  and  although  many  have  emigrated,  there 
still  remains  many  of  the  name  within  the  town- 
ship. It  is  upon  a  portion  of  the  Coles  tract  that 
St.  Mary's  Church,  the  first  Episcopal  Church  in 
West  Jersey,  was  erected  about  the  year  1703,  and 
it  still  remains  in  a  good  state  of  preservation. 
The  history  of  this  ancient  edifice  is  deserving  of 
a  more  extended  notice,  and  will  he  found  in 
another  chapter. 

One  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  what  is  now  Dela- 
ware township  was  Thomas  Howell,  who,  although 
not  of  the  Dublin  colony,  yet,  in  1675,  purchased 
part  of  a  share  of  the  propriety  in  West  Jersey  of 
Benjamin  Bartlett,  whose  wife,  Gracia,  was  a 
daughter  of  Edward  Byllinge.  Howell  resided  in 
Staffordshire,  England.  He  came  to  this  country 
and  located  a  tract  of  six  hundred  and  fifty  acres 
of  land,  in  1682,  on  the  north  side  of  Coopers 
Creek,  in  Waterford  (now  Delaware)  township, 
which  "included  what  is  generally  known  as  the 
Jacob  Troth  farm  on  the  east,  and  extended  down 
that  stream  nearly  one  mile,  and  back  into  the 
woods  about  the  same  distance."  Upon  this  tract, 
which  he  called  "Christianity,"  he  built  a  house, 
in  which  he  lived  the  short  time  he  was  in  the 
settlement.  The  next  year,  1683,  he,  with  Samuel 
Coles,  represented  the  territory  which  a  few  years 
later  became  Waterford  township,  and,  with  Mark 
Newbie  and  others  from  Newton  township,  repre- 
sented the  Third  (or  Irish)  Tenth  in  the  Legisla- 
ture of  the  State.  The  house  in  which  he  lived  is 
supposed  to  have  been  near  the  creek,  on  the  Bar- 
ton farm.  He  located  other  lands  in  Gloucester 
County,  which  soon  after  passed  to  others,  as  he 
died  in  1687.  Before  his  death  he  conveyed  one 
hundred  acres  of  the  land  on  Coopers  Creek  to 
Richard  Wright  (whose  son  John  married  Eliza- 
beth Champion).  He  settled  upon  it  and  left  it  to 
his  son  John,  who,  in  1691  and  1693,  purchased 
other  lands  of  the  Howell  survey  and  adjoining 
land,  later  owned  by  John  Champion,  his  father- 
in-law.  His  family  consisted  of  his  wife,  three 
sons^Samuel,  Daniel  (married  Hannah  Lakin, 
in  1686)  and  Mordecai — and  three  daughters, — 
Priscilla  (married  Robert  Stiles),  Marion  (married 
Henry  Johnson)  and  Catharine.  His  children 
were  born  in  England,  and  his  wife,  Catharine,  did 
not  come  to  this  country  during  his  life-time,  but, 
in  1698,  was  a  resident  of  Philadelphia.  Samuel, 
the  eldest  son,  remained  in  England.  Daniel  came 
into  possession  of  the  homestead,  and  in  1687,  the 
year  of  his  father's  death,  he  sold  to  Mordecai 
two  hundred  and  fifty  acres  of  land,  with  the  build- 
ings, on  Coopers  Creek.     In  1688  he  conveyed  one 


hundred  acres  of  the  homestead  to  Moses  Lakin, 
probably  a  brother  of  his  wife,  and,  in  1690,  sixty 
acres  of  the  same  tract  to  Josiah  Appleton,  adjoining 
other  lands  of  John  and  Eichard  Appleton,  at  a 
place  then  called  "  Appletown,' '  a  little  village  entire- 
ly lost.  In  1691  Daniel  moved  from  Coopers  Creek 
to  a  place  near  Philadelphia,  which  he  called 
Hartsfleld,  and  after  a  short  residence  removed  to 
Stacy's  Mills,  at  the  falls  of  the  Delaware,  around 
which  the  city  of  Trenton  was  afterwards  built. 
He  became,  with  Mahlon  Stacy,  one  of  the  first 
and  most  active  residents  of  that  now  thriving 
city. 

Mordecai  Howell,  son  of  Thomas,  was  one  of  the 
witnesses  in  the  controversy  between  the  Penns 
and  Lord  Baltimore.  He  says  he  came  to  America 
in  1682,  and  ascended  the  Delaware  Eiver  in  com- 
pany with  the  ship  that  brought  William  Penn,  in 
November,  1682.  After  his  father's  death,  in  1687, 
he  returned  to  England  and  resided  there  three 
years.  The  ancestral  home  at  Tamworth,  in  Staf- 
fordshire, in  the  division  of  the  estate,  was  left  to 
Daniel,  who  subsequently  passed  it  to  his  brother, 
Mordecai,  who  retained  it.  He  returned  to  this 
country  in  1690,  and  lived  on  the  homestead  prop- 
erty on  Coopers  Creek.  In  1697  he  sold  it  to  Henry 
Franklin,  a  bricklayer,  of  New  York,  who  did  not 
move  to  the  place,  but.  May  13,  1700,  sold  it  to 
John  Champion,  of  Long  Island,  who  settled  upon 
it.  The  farm  contained  three  hundred  and  thirty 
acres  and  was  named  "Livewell,"  probably  changed 
from  "  Christianity  "  by  Mordecai  Howell,  who 
resided  there  several  years.  In  1687  Thomas 
Howell,  the  father,  erected  a  dam  on  Coopers 
Creek,  probably  with  a  view  of  building  a  mill. 
He  was  indicted  by  the  grand  jury  for  obstructing 
the  stream,  and  abandoned  the  work.  His  son 
Mordecai,  a  few  years  later,  built  a  saw-mill  at  the 
mouth  of  a  small  branch  that  emptied  into  Coop- 
ers Creek.  This  mill  in  time  came  to  John  Cham- 
pion, and  was  in  use  many  years.  He  became 
largely  interested  in  real  estate  in  Gloucester  Coun- 
ty, and,  in  1702,  bought  of  Henry  Treadway  the 
Lovejoy  survey,  an  account  of  which  will  be  found 
in  the  history  of  Haddonfleld  borough.  Lovejoy 
was  a  blacksmith,  and  a  tract  of  land  now  in  Del- 
aware township, on  the  north  side  of  Coopers  Creek, 
where  the  Salem  road  crossed  that  creek,  which  he 
obtained  for  his  services  from  the  Richard  Mathews 
estate,  was  named  by  him  "  Uxbridge,"  probably 
from  a  town  of  that  name  in  Middlesex,  England. 
Mordecai  Howell  located  a  tract  of  fifty  acres  of 
land  adjoining  and  below  the  present  Evans  mill. 
It  does  not  appear  that  he  was  ever  married,  and 
that  about  1706  he  removed  to  Chester  County,  Pa. 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  DELAWARE. 


719 


The  widow  of  Thomas  Howell,  in  1693,  then  a 
resident  of  Philadelphia,  conveyed  to  Henry 
Johnson  (who  about  that  time  married  her  daugh- 
ter Marian)  eighty  eight  acres  of  land,  on  which 
he  settled,  and  where  for  a  generation  his  family 
also  resided. 

Gabriel  Thomas,  writing  in  1698,  says  of  Robert 
Stiles,  who  married  Priscilla  Howell :  "  The  trade 
of  Gloucester  County  consists  chiefly  in  pitch,  tar 
and  rosin,  the  latter  of  which  is  made  by  Robert 
Stiles,  an  excellent  artist  in  that  sort  of  work,  for 
he  delivers  it  as  clear  as  any  gum  arabick." 

He  settled  on  the  north  side  of  the  south  branch 
of  Pensaukin  Creek  on  land  now  owned  by 
Samuel  Roberts,  where  he  died  in  1728,  leaving  two 
sons,  Robert  and  Ephraim,  from  whom  the  family 
of  that  name  descend.  Thomas  Howell  by  will 
bequeathed  to  Priscilla  one  hundred  acres  of  the 
homestead  property,  which  herself  and  husband, 
in  1690,  conveyed  to  Mordecai. 

William  Cooper  was  the  first  settler  of  the  name 
at  Coopers  Point  (now  Camden),  of  whom  a  full  ac- 
count will  be  found  in  the  early  settlement  of  that 
city.  Id  the  latter  part  of  his  life  he  conveyed  all 
his  land  at  Pyne  or  Coopers  Point  to  his  sons  and 
retired  to  a  tract  of  land  containing  four  hundred 
and  twenty-nine  acres,  which  he  located  in  1685, 
it  being  in  the  township  of  Waterford)  now  Dela- 
ware), where  he  built  a  house  and  about  1708  moved 
to  the  place. 

A  part  of  the  house  is  still  standing,  being  a 
portion  of  the  homestead  of  Benjamin  B.  Cooper, 
and  afterwards  the  property  of  Ralph  V.  M. 
Cooper  (deceased).  To  this  house  he  removed,  but 
not  long  to  remain,  as  he  died  in  1710.  The  funeral 
party  went  on  boats  down  Coopers  Creek  to  the 
river,  thence  to  Newton  Creek  and  up  the  latter  to 
the  old  grave-yard.  William  Cooper  left  a  large 
family  and  his  descendants  still  hold  some  of  the 
original  estate  in  the  city  of  Camden,  which  has 
followed  the  blood  of  the  first  owners  from  genera- 
tion to  generation  for  nearly  two  hundred  years. 
Alexander  Cooper  and  his  son,  Richard  M.,  lineal 
descendants,  are  the  only  ones  of  the  name  now 
residing  in  the  township,  although  not  upon  these 
lands. 

William  Cooper,  in  1687,  located  five  hundred 
and  seventy-two  acres  of  land,  now  in  Delaware 
township.  This  came  to  his  son  Joseph  and  later 
to  his  grandson  Joseph.  He  had  a  daughter  Mary, 
who  married  Jacob  Howell.  She  died  young,  but 
left  two  daughters,  Hannah  and  Mary ;  the  former 
married  John  Wharton,  and  the  latter,  in  1762, 
married  Benjamin  Swett.  They  lived  upon  these 
lands,  which  in  old  records  are  designated  as  the 
87 


Wharton  and  Swett  tracts.  The  Wharton  farm 
includes  the  farm  now  owned  by  Mrs.  Abby  C. 
Shinn,  widow  of  Charles  H.  Shinn.  On  this  farm 
stands  an  old  house,  built  prior  to  1728,  at  which 
time  it  was  occupied  by  George  Ervin,  a  tenant  of 
Joseph  Cooper. 

Other  farms  on  the  original  survey  are  owned 
by  Charles  H.  and  Robert  T.  Hurff,  Edward  W. 
Coffin,  Montgomery  Stafford  and  others.  Benja- 
min Swett,  to  whose  wife  part  of  this  survey  de- 
scended, built  a  saw-mill  on  a  stream  running 
through  it,  and  his  son,  Joseph  C.  Swett,  subse- 
quently built  a  grist-mill  on  the  same  site.  This 
was  carried  away  by  a  freshet,  and  another  erected, 
which  was  burned  a  few  years  since. 

Daniel  Cooper,  the  youngest  son  of  Daniel  (the 
son  of  William),  settled  on  a  tract  of  land,  in  1728, 
on  the  south  side  of  the  north  branch  of  Coopers 
Creek.  This  was  a  survey  of  five  hundred  acres 
made  by  William  Cooper  in  1687,  and  is  now  di- 
vided into  several  valuable  farms.  The  dwelling 
of  Daniel  Cooper  was  on  the  plantation  formerly 
owned  and  occupied  by  William  Horten,  deceased. 
In  the  old  titles  Daniel  is  called  a  "  drover," 
which  calling  he  perhaps  connected  with  his  farm- 
ing operations  and  derived  some  profit  therefrom. 

In  connection  with  the  Cooper  family,  it  might 
not  be  out  of  place  to  call  attention  to  the  har- 
mony which  seems  to  have  always  prevailed  be- 
tween the  early  settlers  of  Gloucester  County  and 
their  Indian  neighbors.  There  are  no  traditionary 
tales  of  night  attacks,  wars,  massacres  and  pillage, 
as  are  found  in  the  histories  of  almost  all  the  other 
colonies;  this  is  attributable,  no  doubt,  in  a  great 
measure,  to  the  settlers  being  largely  composed  of 
the  Society  of  Friends,  whose  peaceful  propensi- 
ties soon  won  the  confidence  of  these  children  of 
the  forest,  and  their  treaties,  like  that  of  Penn, 
were  never  broken.  It  is  a  singular  coincidence 
that,  as  the  Coopers  settled  among  the  Indians  of 
the  county,  so  the  last  of  the  aborigines  died  upon 
the  land  of  the  Coopers,  on  the  farm  lately  owned 
by  Benjamin  D.  Cooper,  in  Delaware  township. 
This  Indian  was  well-known  tg  many  of  the  pres- 
ent generation,  and  was  found  dead  in  an  old  hay 
barrack,  one  morning  in  December,  where  he  had 
no  doubt  sought  to  spend  the  night  after  one  of  his 
drunken  revelries.  He  was  buried  in  a  corner  of 
an  apple  orchard,  on  the  farm  which  ever  after- 
ward and  still  is  known  as  the  Indian  Orchard. 
This  grave  is  in  a  good  state  of  preservation.*  It 
is  located  near  a  corner  to  the  lands  now  owned  by 

1  The  writer  of  this  skotch,  in  company  with  a  colored  hoy  by  the 
name  of  Joseph  M.  Johnson,  remounded  the  grave  on  Thanksgiving 
Day,  1884. 


720 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


Samuel   Coles,  Geo.  W.  Moore  and  the  heirs  of 
Sarah  A.  C.  Lee  (formerly  Cooper). 

The  family  of  Champions  were  at  Hempstead, 
L.  I.,  in  1678,  where  John  and  Thomas  and  their 
families  resided.  On  the  13th  of  May,  1700,' 
Henry  Franklin  conveyed  to  John  Champion,  of 
Hempstead,  L.  I.,  a  tract  of  three  hundred  acres 
of  land  on  the  north  side  of  Coopers  Creek,  in 
Waterford  township  (now  Delaware),  to  which 
place  he  removed.  Part  of  this  estate  is  what  is 
now  known  as  the  Barton  farm,  and  upon  which 
stood  the  residence  of  John  Champion ;  this  was 
near  where  one  of  the  roads  crossed  Coopers  Creek 
in  going  from  Burlington  to  Philadelphia.  The 
difficulty  of  getting  travelers  across  the  creek  led 
to  the  establishment  of  a  ferry,  a  license  for  which 
was  granted  by  the  grand  jury  of  Gloucester 
County,  and  the  charges  fixed. 

The  coming  of  John  Champion  to  West  Jersey 
was,  no  doubt,  caused  by  his  daughter  Elizabeth 
marrying  John  Wright,  a  son  of  Richard  Wright, 
who  had  purchased  land  there  of  Thomas  Howell. 
In  1691  and  1693  the  son  John  increased  his 
possessions  by  purchasing  adjoining  tracts  from 
Thomas  Howell's  heirs.  In  1718  John  Champion 
divided  his  landed  estate  between  his  sons  Rob- 
ert and  Nathaniel,  by  a  line  running  from  the 
creek  into  the  woods,  and  made  each  a  deed  dated 
April  24th.  His  other  children  were  Thomas  and 
Phoebe.  He  died  in  1727.  Robert  Champion 
had  one  son,  Peter,  whi,  in  1740,  married  Hannah 
Thackara ;  she  deceased  and  he  married  Ann  Ellis, 
a  daughter  of  William,  a  son  of  Simeon  Ellis,  in 
1746,  by  whom  he  had  one  son,  Joseph.  Peter 
Cliampion  died  in  1748,  and  his  widow,  Ann, 
married  John  Stokes,  and  after  his  demise  she 
married  Samuel  Murrell,  1761.  By  each  marriage 
she  had  children.  Joseph  Champion,  the  issue  of 
the  second  marriage  of  Peter,  married  Rachel 
Collins,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Collins  and  Rosanna 
(Stokes),  in  1771.  By  this  marriage  he  had  three 
sons — Samuel  C,  William  C.  and  Joseph — and  a 
daughter,  Mary.  Rachel  Champion  died  January 
7,  1783,  when  her  youngest  child,  Joseph  C,  was 
but  two  weeks  old.  Joseph  married  Rachel  Brown, 
of  Springfield,  Burlington  County,  in  the  spring 
of  1784.  By  this  marriage  he  had  three  sons  and 
one  daughter.  Ann  Ellis,  the  wife  of  Peter  Cham- 
pion, inherited  a  tract  of  land  on  both  sides  of  the 
Moorestown  and  Haddonfield  road,  now  owned 
by  the  heirs  of  William  Morris  Cooper  and 
Samuel  M.  Heulings,  a  lineal  descendant  of 
Simeon  Ellis,  through  the  Murrellson  his  mother's 
side.  Joseph  C.  Champion,  the  son  of  Joseph 
Champion,  married  Sarah  Burrough,  daughter  of 


John  Burrough,  in  1809.  His  children  were  Ann 
W.,  who  married  Joseph  Ellis;  Chalkley  Collins, 
who  married  Christiana  Geading,  of  Philadelphia, 
and  died  in  1866;  William  Cooper,  married 
Rebecca  F.,  daughter  of  Benjamin  Howey  (he  died 
in  1879) ;  Elizabeth  R.,  married  George  G.  Hatch 
in  1836  (he  died  in  1842,  leaving  her  with  three 
children  ;  the  oldest  one,  Charles,  was  a  soldier  in 
the  Union  army  during  the  entire  War  of  the 
Rebellion) ;  John  B.,  married  Keturah  Heulings  in 
1850  (he  died  in  1884,  without  issue);  Mary  M., 
married  William  Yard,  of  Philadelphia,  in  1852 
(he  died  in  1862,  no  issue)  ;  Benjamin  M.,  married 
Mary  Ann,  the  daughter  of  General  William  Irick, 
of  Burlington  County  ;  Joseph,  died  single  in 
1829;  Emily,  died  young;  Samuel  C  Champion, 
a  twin  brother  of  Richard  B.  Champion,  never 
married;  Richard  B.  married  Mary  G.  Kay,  in 
1855.  He  has  three  children— Marietta  K.,  Sarah 
J.  and  Isaac  K. — who  reside  in  Camden.  The 
name  is  now  extinct  in  the  township.  Joseph 
C.  Champion  died  January  28,  1847 ;  his  widow, 
Sarah  Champion,  died  July  12,  1860.  Samuel  C. 
was  a  blacksmith,  and  plied  his  calling  at  Coles- 
town,  on  the  property  lately  the  residence  of 
George  T.  Risdon,  but  now  owned  by  Watson 
Ivins,  adjoining  the  farm  of  Thomas  Roberts. 

Francis  Collins,  of  whom  a  full  account  will  be 
found  in  Haddon  township,  where  he  resided,  soon 
after  his  settlement,  in  1682,  located  five  hundred 
acres  of  land  .fronting  on  the  north  side  of  Coopers 
Creek,  in  what  is  now  Delaware  township,  a  part 
of  which  he  afterwards  conveyed  to  his  son 
Francis,  who,  in  1718,  sold  it  to  Jacob  Horner.  It 
is  now  the  estate  of  William  C.  Wood.  Francis 
Collins,  the  father,  in  1720,  conveyed  two  hundred 
acres  of  the  tract  to  Samuel  Shivers,  a  part  of 
which  is  yet  in  the  family  name. 

Francis  Collins  also  located  land  north  of 
Coopers  Creek,  as  the  first  purchase  of  John  Kay 
was  land  from  Francis  Collins,  which  he  afterward 
sold  to  Simeon  Ellis,  and  embraced  the  farm  of 
Samuel  C.  Cooper,  now  occupied  by  Jesse  L. 
Anderson,  in  Delaware  township,  and  in  1689 
Thomas  Shackle  bought  land  of  Francis  Collins  a 
little  north  of  Ellisburg,  which  became  the 
property  of  John  Burrough  in  1735,  and  is  now 
o^ned  by  Amos  E.  Kaighn.  In  1691  Simeon  Ellis 
purchased  two  hundred  acres  of  land  from  Francis 
Collins,  which  lay  upon  both  sides  of  the  King's 
Highway,  and  was  a  part  of  a  tract  of  eight 
hundred  acres  conveyed  in  1687  to  Samuel  Jen- 
nings and  Robert  Dirasdale  (the  latter  his  son-in- 
law),  as  trustees  for  his  daughter  Margaret,  and  a 
part  of  which  became  the  property  of  Margaret 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  DELAWARE. 


721 


Hugg  (a  daughter  of  Francis  Collins),  who  sold  the 
same  to  Simeon  Ellis  in  1695.  It  included  the  town 
of  EUisburg  and  several  surrounding  farms.  In  1706 
William  Matlack  purchased  two  hundred  acres  of 
land  of  Francis  Collins,  in  Waterford  township, 
near  the  White  Horse  Tavern,  lying  on  both  sides 
of  the  south  branch  of  Coopers  Creek.  In  1691 
Thomas  Atkinson  purchased  a  large  tract  of  land 
of  Francis  Collins,  in  Waterford  (now  Delaware) 
township,  on  Coopers  Creek,  of  which  he  sold  Ed- 
ward Burrough  one  hundred  and  seven  acres  in 
1693. 

The  Burroughs'  were  among  the  first  msmbers 
of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  came  from  War- 
wickshire, England,  where  they  suffered  in  com- 
mon with  others  of  their  religious  belief,  prominent 
among  whom  was  Edward  Burrough,  of  Underbar- 
row,  the  defender  and  expounder  of  the  doctrines 
of  the  Society  of  Frionds,  and  who  preached  these 
doctrines  to  the  people,  he  and  a  companion 
(Francis  Howgill)  being  the  first  Friends  to  visit 
London.  In  1654  he  was  mobbed  in  the  city  of 
Bristol  for  preaching  to  the  people,  and  cast  into 
prison  in  Ireland  for  a  like  offence,  and  finally 
banished  from  the  island.  After  Charles  the  Sec- 
ond came  to  the  throne  he  obtained  a  personal  in- 
terview with  the  King,  and  procured  an  order  from 
him  to  prevent  the  persecution  of  Friends  in  New 
England,  which  order  the  Friends  in  London  for- 
warded by  a  ship  that  they  had  chartered  specially 
for  that  purpose  at  the  expense  of  three  hundred 
pounds.  Edward  Burrough  again  visited  Bristol 
in  1662  and  held  several  meetings  there,  and  when 
bidding  adieu  to  the  Friends  he  said :  "  I  am  going 
up  to  London  again  to  lay  down  my  life  for  the 
Gospel,  and  suffer  amongst  Friends  in  that  place." 
He  accordingly  visited  London,  and  while  preach- 
ing to  the  people  at  a  meeting  at  the  Bull  and 
Mouth,  he  was  arrested  and  cast  into  Newgate 
Prison,  where  many  Friends  were  then  confined. 
This  was  about  the  last  of  the  Third  Month  ;  his 
case  was  several  times  before  the  courts,  and  he  was 
finally  fined  and  ordered  to  lay  in  prison  until  the 
fine  was  paid.  The  payment  of  a  fine  for  such  a 
cause  being  contrary  to  his  religious  belief,  he 
preferred  to  suffer,  rather  than  yield  his  principles. 
The  pestilential   air  of  the   prison   soon   preyed 

•The  name  Burrough,  in  bodtaon  heraldry,  is  recorded  as  Burg, 
and  De  Bourg  was  the  family  name  of  William  the  Conqueror's  father, 
and  it  is  from  a  brother  of  William  the  Conqueror  that  a  branch  of 
the  family  claim  direct  descent.  Whether  these  claims  are  strictly  true 
will  probably  never  be  ascertained,  but  it  is  evident  that  the  family 
was  a  numerous  one  in  England  at  a  very  early  day.  The  present 
record  of  the  family  extends  back  to  the  beginning  of  the  seven- 
teenth century,  when  they  came  prominently  before  the  people  aa 
the  followers  of  George  Fox  and  expounders  of  the  doctrines  of  the 
Society  of  Friends. 


upon  his  health,  and,  although  young  and  of  robust 
physique,  he  sickened  and  died  in  Newcastle  Prison 
Twelfth  Month  14,  1662,  in  the  twenty-ninth  year 
of  his  age.  There  is  no  record  of  his  being  mar- 
ried or  of  his  ever  coming  to  America. 

John  Burrough  was  born  in  the  year  1626,  and 
was  imprisoned  in  Buckinghamshire  in  1660,  and 
Joseph  Burrough  suffered  the  same  injustice  in 
Essex  during  the  same  year.  The  son  and  daugh- 
ter of  William  Burrough  were  maltreated  in  War- 
wickshire while  on  their  way  to  Banbury  Meeting. 
These  facts  are  mentioned  to  show  that  the  family 
was  numerous  in  England  and  mostly  Friends. 
They  soon  after  came  to  America  and  settled  on 
Long  IsLind,  where  John  Burrough  is  first  men- 
tioned as  being  assessed  there  in  September,  1675. 
Between  that  date  and  1689  John,  Jeremiah,  Jo- 
seph and  Edward  Burrough  were  all  located  on 
Long  Island.  In  1688  John  Burrough  came  to 
Gloucester  County,  N.  J.,  and  located  near  Timber 
Creek.  In  1693  Edward  Burrough  located  a  tract 
in  Delaware  township  (then  Waterford)  which  em- 
braced the  farm  now  owned  by  Joseph  K.  Hillman. 
He  remained  only  a  few  years,  when  it  is  thought 
he  removed  to  Salem.  This  tract  of  land  was  held 
by  those  of  the  family  name  for  many  years,  and 
until  Elizabeth  Burrough,  a  daughter  of  John, 
married  Samuel  Matlack,  whose  descendants  still 
hold  portions  of  the  land.  Samuel  Burrough,  a 
son  of  John,  was  born  in  1650,  and  was  the  third 
person  of  that  name  that  came  into  Old  Glouces- 
ter County.  He  is  first  noticed  at  the  little  town 
of  Pensaukin.  On  November  16,  1698,  he  pur- 
chased three  hundred  acres  of  land  from  Joseph 
Heritage,  in  Waterford  township.  He  first  mar- 
ried Hannah  Taylor,  a  daughter  of  John  Taylor, 
and  afterwards  married  Hannah  Eoberts,  daugh- 
ter of  John  and  Sarah  Roberts,  on  the  27th  day  of 
the  Tenth  Month,  1699.  They  had  nine  children. 
Samuel,  the  oldest,  was  born  Ninth  Month  28, 1701, 
and  in  1723  married  Ann  Gray,  a  daughter  of  Rich- 
ard and  Joanna  Gray.  In  1703  his  father  pur- 
chased the  farm  of  Richard  Bromly,  containing  two 
hundred  acres  of  land,  and  it  was  upon  this  farm 
and  in  the  dwelling  erected  by  Richard  Bromly, 
that  Samuel  Burrough  and  Ann  Gray  removed 
soon  after  their  marriage.  This  farm  is  now  owned 
by  Charles  Collins  and  the  house  above-mentioned 
was  torn  down  in  1845.  Samuel  and  Ann  had 
nine  children.  Joseph,  the  fifth  child,  erected  the 
house,  in  1761,  now  owned  by  Edward  Burrough, 
on  a  part  of  the  Richard  Bromly  tract  adjoining 
the  homestead.  Joseph  married,  first,  Mary  Pine; 
second,  Kesiah  Parr  (widow  of  Samuel  Parr)  and 
whose  maiden-name  was  Aaronson  ;   third,  Lydia 


722 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Streoh,  another  widow,  whose  maiden-name  was 
Tomlinson.  He  had  one  son,  William,  by  the  first 
wife  and  two  sons,  Joseph  and  Reuben,  by  the 
second  wife.  Joseph  married  Martha  Davis,  a 
daughter  of  David  and  Martha  Davis,  in  1792, 
and  succeeded  his  father  in  the  occupancy  of  the 
house  he  built  in  1761.  They  had  seven  children. 
Joseph  Aaronson  Burrough,  the  fourth  child,  was 
born  Ninth  Month  9,  1802.  In  1824  he  married 
Anna  Lippincott,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Anna 
Lippincott,  of  Evesham,  by  whom  he  had  seven 
children.  Samuel  L.  Burrough,  being  the  oldest, 
still  owns,  and  his  only  son,  Joseph  A.  Burrough, 
now  occupies  a  portion  of  the  old  homestead  tract. 
The  house  in  which  he  dwells,  by  a  singular  coin- 
cidence, was  built  by  his  grandfather,  after  whom 
he  was  named,  in  1861,  just  one  hundred  years  af- 
ter that  built  by  the  first  Joseph,  from  whom  it  has 
regularly  descended.  The  present  dwelling  of 
Samuel  L.  Burrough,  erected  in  1885,  stands  on  a 
part  of  the  old  Spicer  tract,  acquired  from  the 
Eudderows  by  his  father.  Joseph  A.  Burrough, 
after  the  death  of  his  first  wife,  married  Mary  H., 
another  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Anna  Lippin- 
cott, being  a  sister  of  his  first  wife,  for  which  of- 
fence they  were  both  disowned  from  membership 
with  the  Society  of  Friends.  By  this  wife  were 
born  to  him  six  children,  only  two  of  whom  lived 
to  attain  their  majority, — Edward,  who  married 
Emily  Collins,  a  lineal  descendant  of  Francis 
Collins,  and  Mary  L.,  who  married  Henry  Troth, 
neither  of  whom  have  any  descendants.  Edward 
Burrough  still  owns  and  occupies  the  farm  and 
dwelling  erected  by  his  ancestors  in  1761,  being 
the  fifth  generation  to  whom  it  has  descended. 
This  farm  was  surrounded  by  heavy  timber,  with 
the  exception  of  one  field,  which  bordered  on  the 
King's  Highway,  leading  from  Camden  to  Mount 
Holly,  and  during  the  Revolutionary  period  was 
resorted  to  by  the  American  army  as  a  pasturage 
for  their  cattle  during  the  occupancy  of  Philadel- 
phia by  the  British.  This  farm  was  selected  for 
that  purpose  on  account  of  its  being  so  surrounded 
by  timber  as  to  afford  a  hiding-place  from  the  pa- 
trols that  were  sent  out  by  Lord  Howe  to  destroy 
the  American  supplies,  and  has  ever  since  borne  the 
name  of  Woodland  Farm.  The  British  were  evi- 
dently informed  that  cattle  were  in  this  vicinity, 
and  a  detachment  was  sent  out  to  capture  them, 
who  fortunately  took  the  road  to  Medford  and  thus 
missed  their  prize,  for  they  were  immediately 
driven  to  Cumberland  County,  and  were,  no 
doubt,  a  part  of  the  stores  over  which  the  action  at 
Greenwich  Point  was  fought.  During  the  period 
of  the  battle  at  Red  Bank  the  kitclion  of  this  old 


homestead  was  made  the  rendezvous  of  the  Amer- 
ican scouts,  and,  notwithstanding  the  religious 
principles  of  the  occupants,  these  scouts  seemed  to 
find  no  fault  or  objection  to  the  reception  that 
always  awaited  them,  and  many  interesting  anec- 
dotes have  been  handed  down  to  succeeding  gen- 
erations. These  members  of  the  Burrough  family 
and  David  A.  Burrough,  another  lineal  descend- 
ant, being  a  son  of  David  Davis  Burrough,  a 
younger  brother  of  Joseph  Aaronson  Burrough, 
and  who  resides  on  the  farm  acquired  by  Joseph 
Burrough  from  his  wife,  Martha  Davis,  are  all  of 
the  name  now  residing  in  Delaware  township. 
The  family  is  by  no  means  extinct,  members  of  it 
being  located  in  nearly  every  county  in  West  Jer- 
sey, and  are  found  in  Pennsylvania,  Maryland  and 
other  States. 

Much  of  the  land  owned  by  the  Burroughs  in 
Delaware  township  was  covered  by  dense  forests 
of  large  oak  timber  and  large  quantities  of  ship 
and  building  lumber  were  cut  and  sawed  on  the  es- 
tate at  a  saw-mill  built  by  Joseph  Burrough,  on  the 
farm  now  owned  by  Edward  Burrough.  The  loca- 
tion of  this  mill  was  near  the  Pensaukin  Creek,  at 
the  junction  of  two  small  streams  that  flow  through 
the  farm,  which  at  that  time  were  a  never-failing 
source  of  power.  This  mill  was  burnt  down  during 
the  early  part  of  the  present  century,  and  was  re- 
built by  his  son  Jcseph,  who  had  inherited  that 
part  of  the  estate,  and  cut  much  fine  lumber.  In 
1816  a  cyclone  passed  through  a  portion  of  his  tim- 
ber, on  the  land  now  owned  by  the  heirs  of  Joseph 
C.  Stoy  (deceased).  The  track  of  the  cyclone  was 
not  over  one  hundred  yards  in  width.  The  timber 
uprooted  by  the  storm  consisted  of  large  white  oaks, 
which  were  sold  to  the  ship-yards  in  Philadelphia. 
Among  the  trees  uprooted  was  a  white  oak  just 
the  shape  of  a  ship's  keel  and  seventy-four  feet 
long ;  it  was  hewed  in  the  woods  and  drawn  to 
Coopers  Creek  by  seventeen  horses,  under  the 
management  of  Jacob  Troth,  where  it  was  floated 
down  the  creek  to  Philadelphia  and  used  as  the 
keel  of  the  United  States  sloop-of- war. "Seventy- 
Four,"  from  which  circumstance  the  vessel  was 
named.  The  value  of  the  wood  and  lumber  at  that 
day  was  greater  than  at  present,  a  proof  of  which 
is  evident  from  the  fact  that  the  cord-wood  cut 
from  the  tops  of  these  blown-down  white  oaks  was 
sold  at  the  landing  on  Coopers  Creek  for  twelve 
hundred  dollars.  In  1836  a  severe  rain-storm  oc- 
curred, which  so  flooded  the  streams  that  nearly 
every  mill-dam  in  the  township  was  destroyed, 
among  them  the  dam  of  the  pond  above  referred 
to,  which  has  never  been  rebuilt,  althoughmuchof 
the  dam  is  still  standing,  and  in  a  good  state  of 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  DELAWARE. 


723- 


preservation.  A  short  time  previous  to  the  break- 
ing of  the  dam  the  mill  was  destroyed  by  fire.  The 
calamities  occurring  so  near  together,  and  the  in- 
roads made  in  these  primeval  forests,  no  doubt 
caused  the  site  to  be  abandoned  for  mill  purposes. 

The  Ellises  came  from  Yorkshire,  England,  in 
1680  or  1683,  and  settled  in  Springfield,  in  Burling- 
ton County.  Simeon  Ellis  purchased  land  in 
Waterford  township,  on  the  north  side  of  the  north 
branch  of  Coopers  Creek,  of  Francis  Collins,  in 
1691,  but  the  place  of  his  nativity  is  unknown. 
He  built  his  log  cabin  on  a  portion  near  the  stream, 
on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Samuel  Lippincott, 
and  occupied  by  Samuel  H.  Griscom,  and  named 
the  place  Springwell.  In  1695  Simeon  Ellis  bought 
four  hundred  acres  of  land  of  Margaret  Hugg, 
adjoining  his  first  purchase.  This  Margaret  was 
a  daughter  of  Francis  Collins.  These  first  pur- 
chases of  Simeon  Ellis  included  the  land  now 
occupied  by  the  village  of  Ellisburg,  in  Delaware 
township.  He  purchased  other  tracts  of  land  in 
the  vicinity,  some  of  which  include  the  farms  of 
John  Ballenger  and  others  on  the  south  side  of 
the  stream,  and  other  portions  are  now  owned  by 
William  Graff,  Logan  Paul  and  Joseph  K.  Lippin- 
cott, Jr.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Society  of 
Friends,  and  was  one  of  those  who  made  up  the 
assemblages  at  John  Kay's  or  Thomas  Shackle's 
houses.  He  died  in  1715,  dividing  his  property 
among  his  children,  seven  in  number.  Simeon, 
the  fourth  son,  acquired  that  portion  now  embrac- 
ing the  village  of  Ellisburg.  He  died  in  1773, 
leaving  six  children, — Isaac,  who  married  Mary 
Shivers,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Shivers ;  Benjamin, 
who  married  Sarah  Bates ;  William,  who  married 
Amy  Matlack  ;  John,  who  married  Priscilla  Peter- 
son (widow);  Sarah,  who  married  William  Duyre; 
and  Simeon,  who  married  a  Bates,  sister  to  Benja- 
min's wife.  Isaac  settled  that  portion  of  the  home- 
stead including  the  village  of  Ellisburg,  and  died 
there,  leaving  several  children,— Isaac,  Eebecca 
and  Simeon.  Isaac  married  Sarah  Hillman  in 
1785,  and  always  lived  near  Ellisburg,  on  his 
fether's  homestead.  About  the  year  1795  the  Eves- 
ham road,  now  Marlton  turnpike,  was  laid,  cross- 
ing the  Haddonfield  and  Moorestown  road  nearly 
at  right  angles,  and  it  was  at  this  crossing  that 
Isaac  Ellis  erected  a  hotel,  a  part  of  which  is  still 
standing.  He  had  three  sons  by  his  first  wife,— 
Simeon,  Isaac  and  Josiah,— and  also  two  daughters, 
Martha  and  Hannah.  His  second  wife  was  Ann 
Zane,  by  whom  he  had  one  son,  Joseph  Ellis,  the 
present  owner  of  the  hotel,  and  the  oldest  resident 
in  the  place,  being  eighty  years  of  age,  to  whom 
most  of  this  property  descended.   He  died  in  1828. 


Joseph  Ellis  married  Ann  W.  Champion,  the  eldest 
child  of  Joseph  C,  Champion,  who  still  remains  the 
companion  of  his  declining  years.  Notwithstanding 
his  advanced  age,  he  is  still  active  and  participates 
in  nearly  all  the  public  meetings  held  in  the  town- 
ship, and  possesses  a  mind  well-stored  with  the 
traditions  of  the  neighborhood  and  his  ancestors. 
Joseph  and  Ann  W.  Ellis  have  four  daughters 
remaining,  out  of  a  family  of  eight  children, — 
Martha  Ann,  who  married  James  Wills ;  Sarah, 
who  married  Samuel  M.  Hulings;  Elizabeth,  who 
married  George  C.  Kay;  and  Hannah,  who  re- 
mains single — all  of  whom  reside  in  the  township. 

The  pioneers  of  this  family  shared,  with  their 
neighbors,  the  privations  of  the  Revoluiionary 
period,  and  many  interesting  anecdotes  are  told 
concerning  their  adventures.  At  one  time  the 
Indians  encamped  at  Oxfords  Landing,  at  the 
junction  of  the  north  and  south  branches  of  Coop- 
ers Creek,  came  to  the  house  of  Isaac  Ellis  to 
borrow  fire ;  the  farmer  was  engaged  threshing 
buckwheat  in  the  barn  at  the  time,  and  directed 
them  to  the  big  fire-place  in  his  kitchen  for  the 
coals  desired ;  having  secured  a  large  brand,  they 
started  for  home,  but  evidently  desiring  to  return 
thanks  for  the  favor,  proceeded  into  the  barn  with 
the  lighted  torch,  where  Friend  Ellis  was  thresh- 
ing ;  his  surprise  and  anxiety  can  well  be  imagined, 
and  it  took  considerable  jabbering  to  convince  his 
dusky  neighbors  of  the  danger  they  were  subject- 
ing him  to ;  but  happily  no  damage  resulted.  He 
continued  to  live  on  friendly  terms  with  these 
people  as  long  as  they  remained  in  the  neighbor- 
hood. 

During  the  movements  of  the  British  through 
New  Jersey,  about  the  time  of  the  battle  of  Red 
Bank,  they  were  informed  by  a  Tory  named  Wines 
that  there  was  a  considerable  number  of  cattle  on 
the  Ellis  and  Kay  farms,  which  they  were  not  long 
in  securing.  They  drove  them  towards  Moores- 
town, and  when  passing  the  residence  now  occu- 
pied by  David  A.  Burrough,  a  weaver  who  was 
there  at  the  time  came  out  from  behind  the  house 
and  shook  his  frock,  which  frightened  the  cattle 
and  they  stampeded  down  a  lane  known  as  Fore 
Lane  and  then  into  the  deer-park  woods,  from 
which  the  British  failed  to  extricate  them,  and 
consequently  the  cattle,  in  a  day  or  two,  returned 
home.  At  the  close  of  the  war  the  Tory  Wines 
fled  to  Nova  Scotia,  but  returned,  after  an  absence 
of  many  years,  to  be  indignantly  received  by  all 
who  knew  him.  It  is  from  these  families  that  the 
town  of  Ellisburg  was  founded,  and  the  present 
Joseph  Ellis  is  a  descendant,  and  at  one  time 
owned  a  large)  tract  of  land  in  and  adjoining  the 


724 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


town.  Mr.  Ellis  is  now  one  of  the  oldest  and 
most  respected  of  the  inhabitants,  and  will  ever 
be  remembered  with  kindness  by  all  who  knew  him. 

After  the  death  of  Peter  Champion,  Ann  Ellis 
(his  widow)  married  John  Stokes,  by  whom  she  had 
two  sons,  who  settled  in  Virginia.  By  Samuel 
Murrell  she  had  two  children,— Samuel,  who  mar- 
ried a  Chambers,  and  had  daughters ;  Ann  E. 
Murrell,  who  married  Batheuel  M.  Heulinga,  who 
inherited  the  farm  whereon  her  son,  Samuel  M. 
Heulings,  now  resides,  from  her  half-brother,  being 
a  part  of  the  tract  Simeon  Ellis  gave  to  his  son 
William,  and  has  since  remained  in  the  blood, 
although  passing  out  of  the  name.  Ann  E.  Heu- 
lings (late  Murrell)  was  left  a  widow  in  1845,  with 
ten  children,  five  of  whom  at  this  writing  are  de- 
ceased. Her  two  sons,  Batheuel  and  Abram,  were 
soldiers  during  the  entire  War  of  the  Rebellion. 
They  were  both  in  the  Union  army,  and  Batheuel 
was  severely  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg 
by  a  musket-ball  which  passed  clear  through  him, 
from  the  effects  of  which  he  finally  died  several 
years  after  the  close  of  the  war. 

The  Gills  were  relations  of  Elizabeth  Estaugh, 
and  no  doubt  came  to  America  under  her  .patron- 
age, and  at  one  time  owned  and  resided  on  a  valu- 
able tract  of  land  in  this  township  (see  Haddon- 
field  borough).  The  first  grant  of  land  made  by 
John  Haddon  to  John  Gill  was  in  1714,  for  two 
hundred  and  sixty  acres,  situated  on  both  sides  of 
the  Haddonfield  and  Berlin  road,  and  near  the 
head  of  the  stream  known  as  Swett's  Mill  stream, 
— the  land  now  owned  by  Joseph  C.  Stafford  and 
others.  At  the  time  of  this  conveyance  John  Gill 
resided  on  this  tract.  Prior  to  1739this  tract  came 
into  the  possession  of  Bartholomew  Horner  and 
remained  in  that  name  until  the  close  of  the  century, 
but  has  long  since  passed  entirely  out  of  the  name 
and  blood.  It  is  from  these  early  owners  that 
Horner's  Hill  School  no  doubt  received  its  name. 
John  Gill  afterward  resided  nearer  Haddonfield, 
on  the  premises  now  owned  by  Grifiith.  On  this 
property  near  the  junction  of  the  two  branches  of 
Coopers  Creek,  was  a  landing  known  as  Axfords 
Landing,  a  place  where  considerable  business  was 
transacted,  it  being  the  highest  landing  on  the 
stream,  but  its  exact  location  at  this  time  is  un- 
known .  John  Gill  married  Mary  Heritage  in  1718, 
and  died  in  1749,  leaving  two  children, — John  and 
Hannah,^-who,after  their  marriage,  resided  outside 
the  limits  of  this  township,  and  from  whom  the 
Gills  now  residents  of  Haddon  and  Centre  town- 
ships are  lineal  descendants.  Much  of  the  lands 
formerly  owned  by  the  Gills  still  remain  in  the 
family  name. 


The  Haineses  settled  iu  the  eastern  portion  of 
the  township,  contemporary  with  the  families  pre- 
viously mentioned,  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Mrs. 
Dr.  E.  B.  Woolston,  near  Cropwell,  and  John  H. 
Lippincott,  both  lineal  descendants.  They  soon 
became  connected  with  the  Lippincotts,  who  set- 
tled adjoining  plantations  in  Burlington  County, 
and' founded  the  Friends'  Meeting-house  at  Crop- 
well,  of  which  religious  society  both  families  were 
members.  The  Haineses  soon  began  to  migrate 
and  seek  other  employment,  and  at  present  the 
name  is  almost  extinct  in  the  township,  although 
many  of  the  females  married  and  settled  in  the  ad- 
joining counties,  and  to  whose  descendants  the 
properties  above  mentioned  have  descended. 

Richard  Heritage  was  one  of  the  propri- 
etors of  the  town  of  Gloucester  when  it  was 
laid  out,  in  1686.  He  owned  lots  in  the  original 
town,  and  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  memoran- 
dum made  by  the  proprietors  as  to  the  division  of 
lots.  He  was  the  first  who  bore  the  name  in  West 
Jersey,  and  came  from  Warwickshire,  Eagland. 
He  purchased  rights  of  Edward  Byllinge  and  his 
trustees  in  1684,  and  made  a  location  of  land  on 
the  north  side  of  Pensaukin  Creek,  in  Burlington 
County,  and  called  the  place  "Hatten  New 
Garden."  He  purchased  other  rights  and 
located  other  lands  in  this  township.  He  died 
in  1702,  without  a  will,  and  most  of  his  land 
passed  to  his  heir-at-law,  his  eldest  son,  John. 
In  1705  he  sold  to  William  Matlack  one  thousand 
acres  of  land  in  Waterford  township.  John  mar- 
ried Sarah  Slocuni  in  1706.  To  his  son  Joseph  he 
conveyed  considerable  land.  Much  of  this  land 
he  sold.  It  lay  on  both  sides  of  the  creek  and 
now  embraces  several  valuable  farms.  Samuel 
Burrough  purchased  a  part  of  this  tract  in  1698. 
Joseph  Heritage  died  in  1756,  leaving  six  chil- 
dren,— Richard,  who  married  Sarah  Whitall  and 
Sarah  Tindall ;  Joseph,  who  married  Ruth  Haines ; 
Benjamin,  who  married  Keziah  Matlack  ;  John, 
who  married  Sarah  Hugg ;  Mary,  who  married 
John  Gill  and  John  Thome;  and  Hannah,  who 
married  Mr.  Rogers. 

It  was  from  Joseph  Heritage  and  his  children 
that  many  of  the  early  settlers  purchased  land, 
and,  although  the  family  appears  to  have  been  a 
large  one,  yet  the  name  is  now  unknown  among 
the  residents  of  the  township,  although  some  re- 
main within  the  present  limits  of  Waterford  town- 
ship and  still  hold  a  small  portion  of  the  land. 

The  Kays  came  from  Yorkshire,  England,  about 
1683.  Many  of  them  were  Friends,  and,  conse- 
quently, sufiered  persecution  at  the  hands  of  those 
in  authority,  in  the  shape  of  fines  and  imprison- 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  DELAWARE. 


725 


ments.  At  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  held  at 
Wakefield,  in  Yorkshire,  in  1661,  John  Kay, 
Baronet,  was  the  presiding  judge,  and  committed 
sixty  Quakers  to  prison.  Ten  years  after,  John 
Kay  was  iined  for  attending  Friends'  Meeting,  at 
York,  in  the  same  shire.  It  is  possible  that  the 
latter  was  the  same  person  as  the  former,  and  that 
while  the  committing  magistrate  he  became  con- 
vinced of  the  truth  of  the  doctrines  preached  by 
George  Fox,  laid  aside  his  title  and  suffered  with 
the  Friends  in  person  and  estate.  Whether  this 
was  the  same  John  Kay  that  purchased  land  in 
this  neighborhood  in  1684  is  not  definitely  known, 
but  such  is  supposed  to  be  the  case.  This  first 
purchase  is  now  a  part  of  the  farm  of  Samuel  C. 
Cooper,  now  occupied  by  Jesse  L.  Anderson,  about 
a  mile  east  of  Ellisburg.  The  tract  embraced  the 
farm  of  Isaac  M.  Kay,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
creek,  and  which  has  regularly  descended  to  the 
present  owner,  who  is  a  lineal  descendant  of  John 
Kay.'  There  is  a  tradition  that  John  Kay  first 
lived  in  a  cave  on  the  hill-side  near  the  creek,  but 
the  location  of  the  place  is  unknown,  although  the 
story  is  not  improbable.  In  1685  a  religious  meet- 
ing was  established  at  the  house  of  John  Kay,  by 
consent  of  Burlington  Friends,  in  connection  with 
one  of  a  similar  character  held  at  the  house  of 
Timothy  Hancock,  at  Pensaukin,  on  alternate 
First  Days.  These  meetings  were  continued  until 
1707.  During  this  period  several  marriages  took 
place,  the  last  one  recorded  being  that  of  Benja- 
min Thackara  and  Mary  Cooper,  in  1707.  These 
meetings  were  attended  by  Friends  from  Evesham 
(Mount  Laurel)  and  Marlton,  and  serve  to  show 
how  strongly  these  people  were  attached  to  their 
principles,  and  what  difficulties  they  were  willing 
to  overcome  in  order  to  observe  the  requirements 
of  the  society.  In  this  connection  it  may  be  proper 
to  mention  that  another  meeting  was  held  at  the 
house  of  Thomas  Shackle,  from  1695  to  1721, 
when  John  Estaugh  gave  the  ground  for  a  meet- 
ing-huuse  at  Haddonfield.  The  house  of  Thomas 
Shackle  stood  upon  the  farm  now  owned  by  Amos 
E.  Kaighn,  a  lineal  descendant  of  John  Kaighn, 
who  located  near  Kaighns  Point  in  1696.  In  1735 
the  farm  became  the  property  of  John  Burrough, 
who  most  probably  built  the  brick  part  of  the 
house,  still  standing,  in  the  year  1736.  John  Kay 
located  several  tracts  of  land  near  his  first  pur- 
chase, fronting  generally  on  the  north  branch  of 
Coopers  Creek.  In  1710  he  purchased  the  man- 
sion-house and  corn-mill,  on  the  north  side  of 
Coopers  Creek,  now  belonging  to  the  estate  of  Jo- 
siah  B.   Evans   (deceased).      This   corn-mill   was 

1  See  Haddouflcld  Borough. 


built  by  Thomas  Kindall,  in  1697,  and  stood  some 
distance  below  the  dam.  The  remains  of  the  race 
may  yet  be  seen,  but  the  site  of  the  mill  is  oblit- 
erated. He  died  in  1742,  a  wealthy  man,  leaving 
a  large  landed  estate,  most  of  which  has  passed 
out  of  the  name,  until  the  only  part  of  the  orig- 
inal tract  that  has  remained  continuously  in  pos- 
session of  the  family,  is  the  farm  of  Joseph  F. 
Kay,  which  has  descended  through  the  blood  for 
nearly  two  hundred  years,  no  deed  ever  having 
been  made  for  the  same. 

The  Matlacks  came  from  a  small  village  in  Not- 
tinghamshire, England,  William  Matlack  came 
in  the  first  boat  that  came  up  the  Delaware,  and 
was  the  first  person  to  put  his  foot  upon  the  shore 
where  Burlington  now  stands  ;  this  was  about  the 
year  1677.  In  1682  he  married  Mary  Hancock, 
and  removed  to  a  tract  of  land  between  the  north 
and  south  branches  of  Pensaukin  Creek,  in  Chester 
township.  In  1701  William  Matlack  purchased  of 
Eichard  Heritage  a  tract  of  one  thousand  acres 
of  land,  now  part  in  Waterford  and  part  in  Dela- 
ware townships,  Camden  County.  In  1705  John 
Matlack  purchased  two  hundred  acres  of  land  of 
Francis  Collins,  in  Waterford  township,  and  in 
1708  he  married  Hannah  Horner,  and  settled  upon 
his  purchase.  A  part  of  this  estate  is  now  owned 
by  the  heirs  of  John  Wilkins,  and  the  old  house 
stood  a  short  distance  from  the  handsome  resi- 
dence of  the  present  owners.  In  1714  William 
Matlack  gave  his  sod  George  five  hundred  acres 
of  land,  a  part  of  that  purchased  from  the  Heri- 
tages. In  1717  he  purchased  two  hundred  acres 
of  land,  upon  which  his  son  Eichard  settled  in 
1721.  This  tract  lies  in  Delaware  township  and 
upon  it  is  located  the  old  Matlack  burying-ground. 
Eichard  died  in  1748  and  was  the  second  person 
buried  there.  In  1779  the  estate  passed  out  of 
the  name  to  William  Todd,  and  was  subsequently 
bought  by  Eichard  M.  Cooper,  father  of  Alexan- 
der Cooper,  the  present  owner,  who,  as  before 
stated,  is  a  lineal  descendant  of  William  Cooper, 
the  first  settler  of  Camden.  The  Matlacks  are  a 
numerous  family  and  are  mostly  Friends.  Some  of 
the  name  still  reside  within  the  township  and 
others  in  Chester  township,  in  Burlington  County. 
William  Ellis  (a  son  of  Simeon)  married  Amy 
Matlack,  one  of  the  descendants  in  a  direct  line, 
and  who,  thereby,  became  owners  of  part  of  the 
estate.  Levi  (a  son  of  William  and  Amy)  became 
the  owner,  and  his  grandson,  Charles  E.  Ellis, 
is  the  possessor  of  and  resides  on  the  estate.  Wil- 
liam and  Amy  settled  on  the  land,  and  the  house 
they  occupied  is  still  standing. 

John  Shivers  appears  as  the  first  settler  of  the 


726 


HISTOKY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


name  in  these  parts,  and  purchased  a  tract  of  land 
in  Delaware  township,  of  Mordecai  Howell,  in 
1692,  upon  which  he  erected  a  dwelling.  He  died 
in  1716,  and  his  widow,  Sarah  Shivers,  was  ap- 
pointed administratrix.  In  1720  she  purchased  an 
adjoining  tract  of  land,  which  extended  the  estate 
east  of  the  mill-pond.  The  dwelling  on  the  farm 
now  helonging  to  the  estate  of  Eichard  Shivers, 
deceased,  is  thought  to  be  the  spot  where  John 
Shivers  erected  his  first  house,  and  doubtless  some 
of  the  material  in  the  present  edifice  was  taken 
from  the  old.  John  Shivers  dying  intestate,  there 
is  some  doubt  as  to  the  exact  number  of  his  chil- 
dren, although  they  are  supposed  to  be  as  follows  : 
Samuel,  who  married  Mary  Deacon ;  John, 
who  married  Mary  Clement;  Mary,  who  married 
Thomas  Bates;  Hannah,  who  married  John  Mat- 
lack  ;  and  Josiah,  who  married  Ann  Bates.  In 
1720  Samuel  purchased  two  hundred  acres  of  land 
from  Francis  Collins,  and  the  following  year  he 
conveyed  his  interest  in  his  father's  estate  to  his 
brother  John,  who  remained  on  the  old  farm  and 
whose  descendants  still  occupy  portions  of  the 
original  tract  represented  in  the  farms  now  occu- 
pied by  Richard  Levis  Shivers  and  William  A. 
Shivers,  the  descendants  mentioned. 

At  one  period  the  house  in  which  John  Shivers, 
the  second,  lived  was  kept  as  an  inn,  and  was  no 
doubt  a  favorite  resort.  John  Shivers  acquired 
several  other  tracts  of  land  in  this  and  the  adjoin- 
ing townships.  He  had  threfi  sons, — Isaac,  Samuel 
and  John.  The  latter  resided  in  Salem  County, 
and  Charles  P.  Shivers,  his  son,  lives  at  Swedes- 
boro'.  Samuel  had  three  sons, — John  G.  Shivers, 
who  resided  in  Haddonfield,  and  whose  sons, 
Charles  Hendry  Shivers,  an  allopathic  physician, 
and  Samuel  Shivers,  a  bricklayer,  still  reside  in  the 
borough ;  Joseph  C.  Shivers  resided  at  Marlton, 
Burlington  County,  and  his  descendants  still  reside 
in  that  vicinity,  excepting  Bowman  H.  Shivers, 
who  is  a  homceopathic  physician  and  resides  in 
Haddonfield  ;  Bowman  was  the  third  son. 

Isaac  Shivers,  the  son  of  John  Shivers,  the  sec- 
ond, was  born  September  16,  1773,  and  acquired 
the  homestead  estate,  which,  in  turn,  descended  to 
his  children  and  grandchildren,  Richard  Levis 
Shivers  and  William  A.  Shivers,  who  reside 
thereon.  In  1837  Isaac  Shivers  removed  to  Had- 
donfield. but  returned  again  to  his  farm  in  1842, 
but  in  1847  he  again  removed  to  Haddonfield, 
where  he  died  October  19,  1872,  having  attained 
the  advanced  age  of  ninety-nine  years  and  one 
month.  He  was  buried  in  Colestown  Cemetery. 
His  children  were  as  follows:  Sarah,  born  May  1, 
1805,  and  remained  single;  Joseph   Levis,  born 


January  7,  1807,  married  Henrietta  Hendry,  a 
daughter  of  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry,  of  Haddon- 
field, and  had  four  children, — Bowman  H.,  Isaac, 
Elizabeth  and  William  M. ;  Anna,  born  October 
4,  1808,  and  remained  single ;  Eichard,  born  No- 
vember 21, 1810,  married  Mary  Troth,  a  daughter 
of  Jacob  Troth,  and  had  five  children, — Susan, 
Eichard  L..  Isaac,  Anna  E.  and  Sallie  N.;  Charles, 
born  July  7,  1814,  married  Martha  Harker,  and 
had  three  children, — William  A.,  Charles  and 
Ella;  Jehu,  born  March  17,  1821,  married  Mary 
Ann  Hillman,  and  had  four  children, — Alfred 
H.,  Edward  H.,  Frank  W.  and  Jehu  H.;  Benja- 
min, born  January  27,  1823,  married  Harriet  D. 
Hartley,  and  had  five  children, — Mary,  Eliza, 
Thomas  H.,  D.  Lewis  and  Maria;  David,  born 
August  13,  1826,  married  Julia  Cloud,  and  had 
six  children, — Cora,  Nellie,  Walter,  Larenia  C, 
Cliflbrd  and  Clara.  Many  of  these  descendants 
of  Isaac  Shivers  now  reside  in  Camden  City  and 
others  in  Virginia.  Those  remaining  in  the  town- 
ship are  Richard  Levis  Shivers,  on  the  old  home- 
stead, and  William  A.  Shivers,  on  another  portion 
of  the  original  tract. 

The  Stokeses  came  from  London  about  the  year 
1698  and  settled  in  Burlington  County.  In  1709 
Thomas  Stokes  (whose  father  settled  in  Burlington 
County)  purchased  three  hundred  acres  of  land  of 
John  Kay,  now  in  Delaware  township,  the  larger 
part  of  which  tract  is  now  owned  by  Mark  Ballin- 
ger  and  the  heirs  of  Jacob  Anderson,  Nathan  M. 
Lippinoott  and  Daniel  Hillman  (deceased).  This 
land  extends  on  both  sides  of  the  north  branch  of 
Coopers  Creek,  and  is  some  of  the  best  and  most 
productive  land  in  the  township.  He  settled  on 
this  tract,  and  his  house  was  located  near  the 
present  residence  of  Mark  Ballinger.  In  1696 
Samuel  Harrison  located  about  eight  hundred 
acres  of  land  on  the  south  side  of  the  north  branch 
of  Coopers  Creek.  This  consisted  of  four  several 
and  adjoining  surveys,  now  included  in  the  farms 
of  Eliza  A.  Hillman,  Joseph  K.  Lippincott,  the 
heirs  of  Jacob  Anderson,  Aquilla  and  Alfred 
Hillman  (formerly  Stokes),  John  Craig  and  others. 
He  resided  on  this  tract  for  several  years,  but  the 
place  where  his  house  stood  is  not  known.  Samuel 
Harrison  was  a  mariner,  a  brother  of  William  and 
Sarah  Bull,  who  settled  at  Gloucester  soon  after  it 
was  made  a  town.  This  land  descended  to  his  son 
William,  who  sold  it  in  tracts  to  various  persons. 
It  was  in  the  midst  of  an  Indian  neighborhood, 
which  extended  from  the  north  branch  southerly 
nearly  to  the  south  branch.  Thomas  Sharp,  a  sur- 
veyor, in  1686,  in  describing  a  tract  of  land,  spoke 
of  a  water-course  known  as   the  Peterson's  mill- 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  DELAWARE. 


727 


stream  as  "the  same  as  the  Indian  King  liveth  on," 
Judging  from  the  settlements  of  the  first  emigrants, 
the  residence  of  the  king  spoken  of  is  believed  to 
have  been  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  the  heirs  of 
Joseph  H.  Ellis. 

That  this  tract  was  occupied  by  a  numerous  tribe 
of  aborigines  is  beyond  a  doubt,  as  their  imple- 
ments of  stone  have  been  found  on  nearly  all 
these  farms.  Nathan  M.  Lippincott,  during  his 
life,  took  a  pride  in  preserving  those  found  upon 
his  farm.  A  large  sycamore-tree,  standing  in  his 
door-yard,  was  adorned  with  these  rude  implements 
of  the  children  of  the  forest,  among  which  could 
be  found  tomahawks  of  diflferent  sizes,  pestles  with 
which  they  ground  their  corn,  arrow-heada  and 
other  articles,  all  fashioned  out  of  stone,  of  a  kind 
which  is  not  found  in  this  section,  and  corres- 
ponding with  similar  implements  found  in  other 
sections  of  West  Jersey.  There  is  evidence  that 
this  Indian  settlement  was  an  extensive  one. 
Within  the  memory  of  some  of  the  present  inhabit- 
ants a  few  of  these  eked  out  a  miserable  exist- 
ence on  the  part  of  the  land  formerly  owned  by 
Thomas  Stokes,  near  the  residence  of  Aquilla 
Hillman  and  brother  (who  are  lineal  descendants 
of  the  Stokeses),  on  the  lands  of  Mrs.  Dr.  E.  B. 
Woolston,  in  Delaware  township.  Near  the  Crop- 
well  Meeting-house  there  lived,  during  the  first 
quarter  of  the  present  century,  an  Indian  woman 
by  the  name  of  Nancy,  and  a  man  by  the  name  of 
Josh  Te  Kaylere,  or  Tekaler,  who  were  well  known 
throughout  the  neighborhood. 

Probably  the  last  of  this  tribe  was  an  Indian  by  the 
name  of  Joel,  who  followed  basket-making,  and,  al- 
though he  preferred  to  live  in  his  cabin  in  the  woods, 
dressed  and  conducted  himself  in  imitation  of  his 
white  neighbors ;  yet  in  many  ways  he  followed 
the  customs  of  his  ancestors.  This  man  was  well 
known  to  the  present  residents  of  Marlton,  Bur- 
lington County,  and  is  distinctly  remembered  by 
the  writer.  He  died  about  thirty  years  ago  near 
Taunton. 

Thomas  Shroud,  in  his  "  History  of  Fenwick  Col- 
ony, Salem  County,"  says  "  that  John  Davis  emi- 
grated from  Wales  and  settled  on  Long  Island. 
He  married  Dorothea  Hogbin,  an  English  woman 
of  large  wealth.  He  belonged  to  the  sect  called 
Singing  Quakers,  worshipped  daily  on  a  stump  and 
was  very  pious  and  consistent.  He  lived  to  the 
extreme  old  age  of  one  hundred  years.  A  number 
of  years  before  his  death,  about  1706,  he  moved 
with  his  family  to  Pilesgrove,  Salem  County,  N.  J., 
near  where  Woodstown  is  now  located.  His  eldest 
son,  Isaac,  came  to  New  Jersey  first.  John  also 
came  soon  after  with  his  family.     The  latter  and 


all  his  family  subsequently  became  members  of 
Friends'  Meeting." 

Joseph  A.  Burrough,  in  a  genealogical  record  of 
the  Burrough  family,  made  in  1850,  and  who  was 
a  lineal  descendant  on  his  mother's  side,  says 
the  Davises  came  from  Montgomeryshire,  Eng- 
land, where  Richard  Davis,  a  felt-maker,  lived, 
who  died  First  Month  22,  1703,  aged  seventy-three 
years.  Tacy  Davis,  his  wife,  a  native  of  Welch- 
pool,  from  London,  died  Third  Month  1, 1705.  They 
were  both  ministers  in  the  Society  of  Friends. 
Richard  was  a  recommended  minister  for  forty-five 
years.  Their  son,  John  Davis,  and  his  wife,  Jo- 
anna, came  to  America  and  settled  at  Woodstown, 
Salem  County,  N.  J.  They  had  a  son  David,  who 
married  Dorothea  Causing,  who  was  born  in  Eng- 
land Eleventh  Month  19, 1693,  and  had  two  sons, — 
Jacob,  who  remained  at  Woodstown,  and  whose 
descendants  are  now  to  be  found  in  that  vicinity, 
and  David,  who  married  Martha  Cole.  They  had 
seven  children, — Mary,  Joseph,  Jacob,  Samuel  C, 
David,  Martha  and  Benjamin.  Martha  married 
Joseph  Burrough  in  1792;  Mary  married  William 
Rogers ;  Joseph  married  Mary  Haines,  daughter  of 
Nathan  Haines ;  David  married  Mary  Haines, 
daughter  of  John  Haines;  Jacob  married  Eliza- 
beth Coulson ;  Samuel  C.  ;  Benjamin  remained 
single. 

Samuel  C.  Davis  acquired  through  his  mother 
about  eight  hundred  acres  in  the  eastern  part  of  the 
township,  which  was  a  part  of  the  original  Samuel 
Coles  estate,  and  owned  and  resided  in  the  house 
now  owned  by  Joseph  0.  Cuthbert.  He  seems  to 
have  maintained  a  lordly  estate,  a  large  part  of 
which  he  inclosed  with  a  high  picket  fence  and 
established  a  deer-park,  which  is  remembered  by 
jiersons  now  living,  and  which  included  most  of  the 
land  now  owned  by  Joseph  0.  and  Allen  Cuthbert. 
This  park  fence  was  so  constructed  as  to  admit  the 
deer  from  the  outside,  but  to  prevent  iheir  egress, 
and  at  certain  seasons  tame  does  with  bells  on 
were  liberated  and  sent  into  the  forest,  and  upon 
their  return  many  a  stately  buck  accompanied 
them  within  the  inclosure  only  to  find  himself  a 
prisoner.  The  Davises  also  acquired  other  prop- 
erty, as  the  farm  now  occupied  by  David  A.  Bur- 
rough was  acquired  by  his  grandfather,  Joseph 
Burrough,  as  his  wife's  legacy  from  her  father,  and 
it  was  upon  this  farm  that  the  last  elk  in  West 
Jersey  was  slaughtered,  the  horns  of  which  are 
now  in  the  possession  of  Edward  Burrough,  an- 
other of  the  descendants.  The  Davises  were  a 
numerous  family,  some  going  into  Burlington  and 
other  counties,  until  the  name  is  now  unrepre- 
sented in  the  township. 


728 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Charles  French,  a  son  of  Charles  French,  owned 
and  occupied  a  large  tract  of  land  in  the  easterly 
part  of  this  township,  whereon  stood  a  grist- 
mill. A  large  portion  of  this  tract  is  now  occupied 
by  Albertson  Lippincott,  but  the  mill  has  been 
taken  down.  It  is  bounded  by  the  county  line, 
the  south  branch  of  Pensaukin  Creek,  from 
which  stream  the  pond  was  raised.  Charles 
French  was  a  progressive  man,  and  his  specialty 
was  "straight  roads,"  and  he  was  the  terror  of  all 
the  old  fogies  in  this  region,  who  were  willing  to 
let  well  enough  alone.  Many  amusing  anecdotes 
are  told  of  him  in  this  connection.  One  of  his 
neighbors  was  sO  aggrieved  by  having  new  roads 
cut  through  his  lands  and  timber  that  he  sold  out 
to  get  clear,  as  he  said,  of  "  French's  straight 
roads."  He  purchased  another  tract  of  land  near 
B]ackwoodtown,and,  as  he  thought,  entirely  beyond 
the  reach  of  his  old  enemy.  Things  went  smoothly 
for  several  years,  but  one  day  the  old  man  found 
Charles  French,  Anthony  Warrick,  John  Hyder,  ' 
John  Clement  (as  surveyor)  and  others  standing  in 
his  door-yard  prospecting  for  a  line  whereon  to 
place  a  straight  road  going  toward  Blackwoodtown. 
After  some  talk  he  concluded  to  accept  the  situa- 
tion, and  admitted  the  impossibility  of  getting 
away  from  the  progress  of  things  in  general  and 
Charles  French  in  particular.  On  another  occa- 
sion, when  the  opponents  of  a  road  were  hotly 
pressing  the  advocates,  and  were  likely  to  defeat 
the  improvement,  he,  to  keep  with  the  surveyors, 
left  his  horse  and  carriage  in  the  woods.  The 
proposed  road  was  several  miles  long,  and  in  the 
excitement  Charles  French  forgot  his  horse  and 
carriage  and  rode  home  with  one  of  his  neighbors. 
After  supper  the  woolly  head  of  Bob,  his  old  ser- 
vant, was  seen  in  the  door-way.  He  said,  "  Boss, 
whar's  de  boss  and  wagon?"  After  some  reflec- 
tion the  old  gentleman  told  old  Bob  where  he  left 
them  hitched  in  the  woods,  to  which  place  the 
colored  man  resorted  and  found  everything  safe, 
but  the  horse  restive  and  cold.  He  was  an  exten- 
sive dealer  in  ship  stuff  and  heavy  lumber,  sup- 
plying Philadelphia  builders  with  their  keels  and 
largest  pieces.  His  teams  were  of  the  best,  and  his 
drivers  and  axemen  would  relate  many  incidents 
of  his  energy  and  resources  when  fast  in  the 
swamps,  with  wagons  broken,  horses  mired  and 
men  discouraged.  In  his  later  years  he  removed 
to  Moorestown,  where  he  died  at  a  ripe  old  age, 
respected  by  all  who  knew  him. 

William  Bates,  who  was  one  of  the  colony  that 
settled  Newton  in  1682,  before  his  death,  which 
occurred  in  1700,  purchased  land  in  Delaware 
township,  which  was  left  to  his  son  William,  who 


married  an  Indian  girl  and  settled  upon  the  land 
now  owned  by  Joseph  C.  Browning.  His  descend- 
ants were  numerous,  and  some  of  them  still  reside 
in  the   township,  in  the  village  of  Batesville. 

The  foregoing  sketch  of  the  early  settlersof  Del- 
aware township  may  not  include  all  of  the  original 
families,  but  enough  has  been  shown  to  locate  the 
first  settlers  on  most  of  the  lands  embraced  within 
the  present  limits. 

Old  Houses. — The  most  conclusive  evidence  of 
the  early  settlement  of  the  township  by  well-to-do 
people  is  the  character  and  the  substantiality  of 
the  early  residences,  many  of  which  are  still  in  a 
good  state  of  preservation.  Among  them  are  those 
of  Amos  E.  Kaighn,  built  in  1736  ;  Hannah  Lip- 
pincott's,  1742,  built  by  Thomas  and  Letitia  Thorn  ; 
J.  Ogden  Cuthbert's,  1742,  built  by  Samuel  and  Mar- 
tha Coles;  Edward  Burrough's,  1761, built  by  Jos. 
Burrough. 

This  township  being  peculiarly  an  agricultural 
one,  many  of  the  farms  are  known  by  names  which 
in  many  instances  have  been  handed  down  from 
generation  to  generation.  Among  those  familiar- 
ly known  are  the  following  : 

Brookfield  Farm,  owned  and  occupied  by  Tsaao  AV.  Kicholaon. 

Cherry  Hill  Farm,  owned  and  occupied  by  heirs  of  Abram 
Browning. 

Coopei-field  Farm,  owned  and  occupied  by  Amos  E.  Kaighn. 

Cedar  GroTe  Farm,  owned  and  occupied  by  Samuel  L.  Burrough. 

Murrell  Farm,  owned  and  occupied  by  Samuel  M.  Heulings. 

Woodland  Farm,  owned  and  occupied  by  Edward  Burrout^h. 

Pleasant  Valley  Farm,  owned  and  occupied  by  Jcseph  Hinoh- 
man. 

Woodbine  Farm,  owned  and  occupied  by  William  C.  Wood. 

Locust  Grove  Farm,  owned  and  occupied  by  KIwood  Evans. 

Deer  Park  Farm,  owned  and  occupied  by  Joseph  0.  Outhbert. 

Green  Lawn  Farm,  owned  and  occupied  by  llwood  Rockhill. 

Thorndale  Farm,  owned  by  Hannah  D.  Lippincott  and  occupied 
by  her  son,  William  T.  Lippincott. 

New  Orchard  Farm,  owned  and  occupied  by  Joseph  H.  Coles. 

Hickory  Hill  Farm,  owned  and  occupied  by  George  W.  Moore 
Alexander  Cooper  and  Edward  W.  Coffin. 

Locust  Hill  Farm,  owned  and  occupied  by  Aquilla  Hillman  and 
brother. 

Ellisbueg. — The  originators  of  the  hamlet  of 
Ellisburg  may  be  traced  to  the  days  when  a 
mania  for  straight  roads  pervaded  the  land,  when 
the  old  crooked  and  indirect  highways  were  being 
abandoned  and  the  people  were  seeking  a  better 
and  quicker  means  of  traveling.  The  new  road 
from  Evesham  to  Camden  crossed  the  land  of  Isaac 
Ellis,  and  soon  after  the  road  from  Moorestown  to 
Haddonfield  was  laid  and  found  to  intersect  the 
before-named  highway  on  the  land  of  the  said 
owner.  This  at  once  became  a  public  place,  and  a 
tavern,  blacksmith-shop  and  some  dwellings  were 
soon  erected  there. and  the  surrounding  property 
advanced  in  value.  It  is  in  the  midst  of  a  good 
agricultural  neighborhood,  and  the  descendants  of 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  DELAWARE. 


129 


many  of  the  old  families  occupy  the  ancestral  acres 
still.  The  old  Burlington  and  Salem  road  passed 
a  short  distance  to  the  east  of  the  town  and  crossed 
the  north  branch  of  Coopers  Creek  about  half  a 
mile  above  the  present  bridge.  This  old  bridge 
had  its  tradition,  for  Dr.  Tommy,  the  only  physi- 
cian of  that  day  in  the  neighborhood,  in  returning 
home  one  night  after  visiting  a  patient  at  the  tav- 
ern at  Haddonfield,  missed  his  footing  as  he  was 
crossing  the  bridge,  and  was  drowned.  His  body 
was  found  the  next  morning,  but  the  place  was 
"  haunted"  ever  after  that  time,  and  Dr.  Tommy's 
ghost  -was  often  seen  by  those  passing,  especially 
if  they  had  indulged  in  the  "hot  toddy"  as  fur- 
nished by  the  landlord  of  the  hostelry  before  named. 
Some  of  the  oldest  and  most  influential  people  of 
the  county  lived  in  this  neighborhood.  Benjamin 
Burrough  owned  and  lived  where  William  Graff 
now  resides;  Edward  Collins  owned  the  Logan 
Paul  plantation  and  lived  there ;  Charles  Ellis 
owned  the  land  late  Job  B.  Kay's,  and  lived  near 
the  creek ;  Samuel  Ellis  and  Isaac  Ellis  occupied 
land  near  by;  and  Samuel  Kay,  Mathias  Kay  and 
John  Kay  lived  higherup  the  creek;  andBenjamin 
B.  Cooper,  always  an  active  and  progressive  man, 
occupied  the  old  Cooper  homestead,  west  of  the 
Ellis  land.  John  Coles,  Samuel  Coles  and  others 
had  farms  father  north,  but  were  considered  neigh- 
borhood folks,  and  were  always  at  funerals,  har- 
vest and  hog-killings. 

The  village  is  located  at  the  intersection  of  the 
Moorestown  and  Haddonfield  road  and  the  Cam- 
den and  Marlton  turnpike,  near  the  centre  of  the 
township,  on  a  part  of  the  land  embraced  in  the 
first  purchase  of  Simeon  Ellis  from  Margaret  Hugg, 
a  daughter  of  Francis  Collins.  Simeon  died  in 
1773,  and  left  this  tract  to  his  son  Isaac,  who  first 
settled  here  and  built  part  of  the  present  tavern- 
house.  Before  the  days  of  railroading  this  hos- 
telry did  a  thriving  business,  being  a  place  of 
resort  for  drovers  and  stock-dealers,  which  at 
times  made  it  a  sort  of  bazar  for  the  farmers  of  the 
surrounding  country,  and  thousands  of  cattle, 
sheep  and  horses  have  been  sold  from  the  stable 
and  yards  attached  to  the  hotel.  In  1831  the 
township  of  Waterford  and  the  school  district 
united  in  erecting  a  building  for  school  purposes, 
in  which- the  town-meetings  and  elections  were 
also  held  until  1885.  In  the  spring  of  that  year 
William  Graff,  a  near-by  resident  farmer,  who  has 
acquired  most  of  the  Ellis  farm,  which  was  formerly 
attached  to  the  hotel,  donated  a  lot  of  land  ad- 
joining the  school  property  to  the  township  of 
Delaware,  upon  which  to  erect  a  Town  Hall.  This 
offer  was    accepted,    and    the    present    building 


erected  during  the  year,  and  finished  in  time  to 
hold  the  annual  fall  election  in  it.  Mr.  Graff  also 
donated  another  lot  adjoining  the  Town-House 
lot  to  the  Baptist  Sunday-school  of  Haddonfield, 
provided  they  established  a  Sunday-school  and 
built  a  chapel  thereon,  which  offer  was  also  ac- 
cepted, and  the  present  neat  edifice  erected.  The 
old  school-house  still  stands  on  the  land  donated 
by  the  present  Joseph  Ellis  in  1831,  and  although  ' 
raised  to  the  dignity  of  a  two-story  building  and  a 
graded  school,  and  equipped  with  modern  school 
furniture,  the  old  foundations  still  remain,  and 
the  marble  slabs  over  the  doorway  and  in  the  end 
of  the  building  bear  evidence  of  its  former  use. 
The  hotel  building  is  still  kept  as  an  inn  and 
tavern,  yet  much  of  its  former  glory  has  departed. 
The  post-office  is  located  in  the  store  of  Thomas 
Eexon,  which  is  the  only  mercantile  establishment 
in  the  place.  The  carriage  and  blacksmith-works  of 
William  Heaney  are  new  buildings  and  are  doing 
a  thriving  trade.  Joseph  Ellis  is  the  only  person 
of  the  name  still  residing  in  the  village.  He  is 
the  son  of  Isaac  Ellis,  and  a  great-grandson  of 
Simeon,  who  died  in  1773.  He  is  now  nearly 
four-score  years  of  age,  yet  possesses  a  memory 
still  fresh  and  vigorous  and  replete  with  many 
interesting  episodes  of  his  early  manhood.  He  kept 
the  hotel  for  a  number  of  years,  and  afterwards 
directed  the  operations  of  his  farm.  He  married 
Nancy,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  Champion,  who  is 
still  the  companion  of  his  advanced  years.  His 
remaining  children  are  all  daughters, — Martha, 
who  married  James  Wills ;  Sarah,  who  married 
Samuel  M.  Heulihgs ;  Elizabeth,  who  married 
George  C.  Kay ;  and  Hannah,  who  remains  sin- 
gle. His  son,  Joseph  C.  Ellis,  died  in  1885,  leav- 
ing one  child  to  bear  the  name. 

A  school-house  was  located  upoii  the  farm  now 
owned  by  Samuel  M.  Heulings,  as  early  as  April 
18,  1775,  known  as  Murrell's  School,  but  has 
long  since  been  lost  sight  of  by  the  present  in- 
habitants. It  was  no  doubt  the  forerunner  of 
the  Ellisburg  School,  which  was  built  by  sub- 
scription. The  land  upon  which  this  building 
stood  is  not  mentioned  in  the  annals,  although 
the  date  of  the  subscription  is  Fourth  Month  16, 
1806.  The  following  were  the  subscribers :  Samuel 
Ellis,  Charles  Collins,  Isaac  Cooper,  Elizabeth 
Kay,  Samuel  Kay,  Benjamin  Burrough,  Mahlon 
Matlack,  Joseph  Griffith,  Samuel  C.  Davis,  Ruben 
Burrough,  John  Cole,  Isaac  Luallen,  Isaac  Ellis, 
Abel  Nicholson,  Edward  Collins,  Mathias  Kay, 
Samuel  Murrell,  George  Marambach,  Charles  Ellis, 
Joseph  Champion,  Benjamin  Cooper,  James  Zane 
and  Samuel  Thene. 


730 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


The  post-office  was  established  November  5, 
1852,  since  which  time  the  succession  of  postmas- 
ters, with  the  dates  of  their  appointment,  has  been 
as  follows : 

Elwood  H.  Fowler,  appointed  No-vomlor  5,  1862. 
Simeon  B.  Ellis,  appointed  May  4,  1864. 

(Discontinued  February  25,  1855  ;  re-eatulilislied  April  14, 1866.) 
EKvood  H.  Fowler,  appointed  April  14,  1856. 
Joseph  Ellis,  appointed  August  19, 1867. 

(Discontinued  Fobruai-y  10,  1868  ;  ro-establiBhed  August  25,  1871.) 
Joseph  C.  Ellis,  appointed  August  25,  18"1. 
William  Graff,  appointed  October  29,  1S72. 

Thomas  Kexon,  the  present  incumbent,  appointed  September  21. 
1874. 

Batesville. — The  village  of  Bates  ville,  situated 
on  the  western  central  border  of  the  township,  is 
the  natural  overflow  of  the  borough  of  Haddoii- 
fleld  and  is  named  after  William  Bates,  who  owned 
considerable  property  in  that  vicinity,  laid  out  the 
laud  in  lots  and  built  the  house  at  the  junction  of 
the  Millord  and  Berlin  roads,  now  kept  as  a  hotel 
by  his  grandson,  Robert  Bates.  The  population 
of  this  village  in  1870  numbered  eighty-six,  and 
since  that  time  no  distinct  census  of  its  inhabitants 
has  been  taken,  although  there  is  an  evident  in- 
crease in  its  population.  Stores,  blacksmith  and 
wheelwright-shops  have  all  been  located  in  the 
place,  but  as  the  abilities  of  the  proprietors  in- 
creased they  soon  removed  to  Haddonfield  or 
other  localities.  The  growth  of  this  place  is 
caused  by  home-seekirg  citizens  who  enjoy  the 
ownership  of  a  quiet  rural  home  where  they  can 
rear  their  families  and  enjoy  the  rewards  of  their 
toil  in  a  peaceful  and  moral  community. 

CoLESTOWN. — In  the  eastern  part  of  the  town- 
ship, and  about  a  mile  east  of  St,  Mary's  Church,  is 
Old  Colestown  proper.  But  little  remains  to  show 
what  constituted  the  business  of  the  place.  The 
location  is  on  the  farms  of  Thomas  Roberts,  Jo- 
seph C.  Haines  and  the  property  of  Watson  Ivins. 
The  attraction  of  the  locality  was  a  mineral  spring 
with  an  unfailing  sujiply  of  water.  The  owner  of 
this  stream  had  the  water  analyzed  and  the  record 
of  the  analysis  was  cut  in  letters  on  a  marble  slab 
and  set  up  beside  the  spring  for  all  to  read.  The 
owner  is  supposed  to  have  been  Allenson  Giffins, 
who  built  a  hotel  or  sanitarium,  which  was  known 
as  the  Fountain  Hotel,  and  was  the  resort  of  num- 
bers of  invalids  and  became  quite  famous  in  its 
day.  This  spring  is  located  on  the  farm  of  Joseph 
C.  Haines,  but  has  become  so  filled  up  as  to  be 
difficult  to  find. 

The  Fountain  Hotel  property  finally  passed  in- 
to the  possession  of  Joseph  Roberts,  and  was  ac- 
quired by  his  son  Isaac,  who  used  it  aa  a  residence 
for  several  years,  and  his  daughter  Susanna,  the  wife 
of  the  present  William  D.  Coles,  was  born  in  the  old 


hotel.  About  thirty-eight  years  ago  Isaac  Roberts 
moved  the  frame  part  of  the  building  to  the  farm 
now  owned  by  Joseph  C.  Haines,  and  with  the 
brick  and  stone  constructed  the  front  of  the  pres- 
ent farm-house,  while  the  original  frame  consti- 
tutes the  remainder  of  this  building  and  is  now  a 
substantial,  modern  edifice. 

The  marble  slab  that  stood  by  the  spring  was 
removed  by  Joseph  C.  Haines,  the  present  owner, 
and  does  service  as  a  door-step  at  his  residence, 
near  Lumberton,  Burlington  County. 

Alleu.son  Giffins  or  his  ancestors  at  one  time 
kept  a  tan-yard  near  the  hotel,  but  it  has  long  since 
disappeared,  although  portions  of  its  remains  are 
at  times  discovered  by  the  plowman.  In  late 
years  Joseph  Roberts  owned  a  saw-mill  near  the 
hotel  and  its  location  is  still  discernible.  Although 
the  former  prosperity  of  the  place  has  long  since 
departed,  the  location  is  beautiful  in  its  quiet  se- 
clusion, and  if  the  mineral  spring  ever  again  comes 
into  prominence  its  old-time  popularity  can  easily 
be  revived. 

St.  Mary's  Church. — In  the  eastern  central 
part  of  the  township,  on  a  jiortion  of  the  Samuel 
Coles  estate,  near  the  intersec'tion  of  the  Church 
and  Moorestown  and  Haddonfield  public  roads, 
stands  St.  Mary's  Protestant  Episcopal  Church, 
known  as  the  Colestown  Church.  The  history  of 
this  ancient  edifice  dates  back  into  the  beginning 
<if  the  eighteenth  century,  and  by  some  writers  it 
is  claimed  that  it  grew  out  of  the  controversy  of 
George  Keith,  which  separated  many  Friends  from 
the  religious  doctrines  as  laid  down  by  George 
Fox.  George  Keith,  in  his  journal,  says  that  "  on 
September  15,  1703,  I  preached  at  the  house  of 
William  Heulings  in  AVest  Jersey,"  As  this  house 
was  but  a  short  distance  from  where  the  church 
was  built,  it  is  accepted  as  the  beginning  of  St. 
Mary's  Church  at  Colestown.  John  Rudderow, 
who  came  from  England  about  1680,  and  settled 
in  Burlington  County,  near  the  Pensaukin  Creek, 
died  in  1729,  and  left  ten  pounds  by  his  will 
towards  the  building  of  "a  church  in  tliat  place 
(to  be  convenient  hereaway) "  in  that  neighborhood. 

A  few  years  later  another  incident  is  related  by 
Abigail  Rudderow,  widow  of  William  Rudderow, 
a  grandson  of  the  first  John  (above  mentioned). 
She  was  the  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Rebecca 
Spicer,  and  always  resided  in  the  neighborhood. 
She  says,  "  At  nine  years  of  age  I  was  baptized  at 
the  church  (which  at  that  time  was  being  built, 
the  roof  being  on  and  weather-boarding  up  as  high 
as  the  window-sills),  by  Dr.  Jenny.  The  ground 
had  been  previously  consecrated  by  Dr.  Jenny, 
from  Philadelphia."    This  lady  was  of  remarkable 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  DELAWARE. 


731 


intelligence  and  memory,  and  was  conversant  with 
the  doings  of  that  region  of  country.  She  was 
born  in  1742,  lived  to  be  eighty-three  years  of  age 
and  left  a  large  number  of  descendants ;  her  bap- 
tism occurred  in  1761,  and  the  circumstances 
attending  it  fixed  themselves  so  indelibly  upbn 
her  memory  that  it  is  safe  to  assert,  upon  her 
authority,  that  the  edifice  was  erected  during  that 
and  the  following  year.  The  building  erected  in 
1751  or  1752  was  repaired  in  1825,  without  any 
change  as  to  the  interior  arrangement,  and  again 
in  1866  the  building  was  repaired  by  the  liberality 
of  a  few  of  the  descendants  of  the  original  families 
and  the  residents  of  the  surrounding  country,  and 
its  original  features  carefully  preserved.  The 
high  pulpit,  the  small,  narrow  chancel,  the 
galleries,  with  their  high-backed  wooden  benches, 
and  the  bosed-in  seats  of  the  choir  all  remain  in 
their  original  simplicity,  a  monument  of  the 
economy  of  past  generations. 

The  Rev.  Robert  Jenny,  A.M.,  came  to  New 
York  as  chaplain  in  the  royal  army  stationed  in 
that  city.  In  1722  he  was  chosen  rector  of  the 
church  at  Rye,  New  York,  and  subsequently  came 
to  Philadelphia,  and  was  made  rector  of  Christ 
Church,  a  position  he  held  until  he  died,  in  1762, 
aged  seventy-five  years. 

There  is  no  continuous  record  of  the  ministers 
who,  at  various  times,  supplied  the  church,  and 
such  as  are  here  mentioned  seemed  to  act  in  the 
capacity  of  missionaries,  the  church  standing  in  a 
thinly-settled  neighborhood  (at  that  time)  and 
being  several  miles  from  any  town.  William 
Sturgeon,  the  assistant  of  Dr.  Jenny,  visited  the 
people  once  each  month  while  the  house  was  in 
progress  of  erection.  Nathaniel  Evans,  a  young 
man  of  good  education  and  good  talent,  had 
charge  of  St.  Mary's  and  the  church  at  Gloucester. 
He  resided  with  his  parents  at  Haddonfield,  and 
preached  for  six  years.  He  dieid  October  29, 1767, 
aged  twenty-five  years.  An  interval  of  five  years 
now  occurred,  when  Robert  Blackwell  was  selected, 
November  19,  1772.  He  also  resided  in  Haddon- 
field, and  during  the  Revolutionary  War  was 
chaplain  in  the  army,  which  again  left  the  church 
without  regular  service.  Henry  Miller,  of  Phila- 
delphia, was  his  successor  ;  he  was  soon  followed 
by  Rev.  John  Wade,  who  died  in  1799.  His 
remains  were  interred  in  front  of  the  main  entrance 
to  the  church,  the  stone  that  marks  his  grave  at 
this  day  being  buried  beneath  the  soil-.  Samuel 
Sprague,  who  lived  in  Mount  Holly,  occasionally 
preached  here.  Andrew  Fowler  next  followed. 
After  him  came  Levi  Heath,  of  Burlington,  and 
Samuel  Pussey,  who  caused  much  trouble  in  the 


church  and  proved  to  be  an  impostor;  and  then  in 
succession  came  Daniel  Hogbee,  in  1807,  and 
Richard  Hall,  who  preached  there  in  1811. 

The  grounds  belonging  to  the  church  embrace 
about  three  acres.  At  the  time  of  the  selection  of 
the  site  there  was  no  public  road  from  what  is 
now  Merchantville  to  Evesham  (formerly  called 
Green  Tree),  and  when  the  present  road  was  laid  it 
cut  ofFa  corner  of  the  church  property,  from  which 
fact  the  road  was  ever  after  called  the  Church  road 
and  is  so  recorded.  The  church  stands  on  the  south 
side  of  the  road  and  nearly  all  the  lands  belonging 
to  it  have  been  occupied  as  a  grave-yard  since  the 
erection  of  the  church.  The  yard  is  almost  full, 
and  but  few  interments  are  now  made  within  its 
limits,  which  fact,  in  some  degree,  led  to  the  or- 
ganization of  the  Colestown  Cemetery,  whose 
grounds  surround  it  on  three  sides  and  under  whose 
management  and  care  the  property  remains.  The 
oldest  legible  stone  now  standing  in  the  yard  is 
that  of  Philip  Wallace,  aged  eighty-two,  who  was 
buried  there  in  1746.  The  tomb  of  his  wife,  Mary 
Wallace,  aged  eighty  years,  is  dated  the  same  year. 
This  aged  couple  were  among  the  earliest  settlers 
and  were  Friends  until  the  Keithian  controversy. 
In  1760,  Humphrey  Day  and  Jane,  his  wife,  were 
buried  here,  aged  respectively  seventy-five  and 
sixty-five  years.  Elias  Toy  was  interred  here  in 
1762,  aged  forty-seven. 

Many  of  the  rude,  rough  monuments  erected 
here  to  mark  the  resting  place  of  friends  and 
families  have  yielded  to  time  and  exposure,  show- 
ing at  this  date  only  parts  of  letters  and  figures 
from  which  nothing  can  be  deciphered ;  although 
those  a  few  generations  later  are  fairly  well  pre- 
served and  include  on  them  some  striking  epitaphs, 
of  which  the  following  are  notable  specimens. 

"Jacob  Browning. 
Died  Oct.  22d,  1794  Aged  41  Years 
Farewell  my  dear  and  loving  wife 
My  children  and  my  friends 
Here  I  talie  up  my  new  abode 
Wherelife  it  hath  no  end." 

"  Catharine  Browning 
Widow  of  George  Browning  for  17  Years  1  Month  and  1  week,  who 
departed  this  life,  March  26th,  A.D.  1793,  aged  02  Years 
Stop  dear  friends  as  you  pass  by 
As  you  are  now  so  once  was  I 
As  I  am  now  so  must  you  be 
Prepare  for  death  to  follow  me." 
"  Sacred  to  the  Memory  of 
George  Browning  who  departed  this  life  April  11, 1835. 
As  a  husband — affectionate  and  Kind 
As  a  father — Indulgent  and  Careful 
As  a  neighbor— Obliging  and  Peaceable 
As  a  Citizen — Useful,  honest  and  upright." 
"  Hannah,  wife  of  Benjamin  Van  Leer  Died  June  13, 1766. 
Transitory  world  farewell 
Jesus  Calls  with  him  to  dwell." 


732 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Other  ancient  graves  are  numerous,  among  them 
Samuel  Browning,  died  November  25,  1806;  Sarah 
Ogden  Browning  (his  daughter),  died  1794  ;  John, 
son  of  Isaac  Jones,  died  November  13,  1774,  aged 
eighteen  years ;  J.  Githens,  1772 ;  Kobert  Fr.  Price, 
died  September  18,  1776;  Mary  Fr.  Price,  died 
July  14,  1787  ;  George  Hannold,  died  January  25, 
1782  ;  another  rude  stone  near  these  two  last  bears 
the  simple  inscription,  cut  in  an  unskilled  hand, 
"  W.  B.— 1777  D.  B.— 1775." 

On  the  opposite  side  of  the  road,  and  on  the 
small  portion  of  the  church  property  cut  off  when 
the  Church  road  was  laid  out,  stands  an  aged  white 
oak,  the  only  monumental  witness  of  the  transac- 
tions of  the  past  ages,  and  under  whose  shade  the 
worshippers  in  this  edifice  have  lingered  to  exchange 
a  kindly  greeting  ere  they  separated  to  their  dis- 
tant homes.  Along  the  King's  Highway  the  con- 
tending forces  in  the  Revolutionary  stiaiggle  passed 
to  and  fro,  and  many  stirring  incidents  took 
place  in  its  vicinity,  and  in  this  ancient  edifice  the 
British  ofiicers  under  the  standard  of  St.  George 
listened  to  their  chaplains,  while  resting  on  their 
march  to  meet  their  foe.  And,  in  turn,  also  did  the 
American  commanders  receive  the  benediction  of 
their  chaplains  or  the  minister  in  charge  as  they 
paused  in  their  pursuit  of  the  enemy  of  their  lib- 
erties and  independence.  It  is  a  current  tradition 
that  the  great  Washington  also  attended  service  in 
this  building  several  times  during  the  war,  and 
laying  aside  his  sword,  knelt  at  the  little  chancel 
and  partook  of  the  Holy  Communion,  after  the 
rector  had  proclaimed  "  peace  on  earth  and  good 
will  to  men." 

It  is  not  known  who  constituted  the  choir  dur- 
ing the  periods  of  regular  service  in  the  church  ; 
the  last  person  remembered  to  have  filled  that 
position  was  John  Fairlamb,  an  old  resident  of  the 
neighborhood. 

The  size  of  this  ancient  edifice  is  thirty-four  by 
thirty  feet.  The  height  to  the  eves  is  fourteen 
feet.  The  roof  is  of  shingles.  The  main  entrance 
is  at  the  side  an"d  has  double  doors.  Single  doors 
are  at  each  end  of  the  building,  and  one  window 
on  first  floor,  with  two  in  each  end  on  the  second 
story  or  galleries.  A  narrow  window  on  each  side 
of  the  chancel  and  two  windows  front  and  two 
back  furnish  abundant  light.  Probably  the  most 
noteworthy  object  of  the  interior  is  the  stove.  It 
was  made  in  England ;  the  exact  date  cannot  be 
made  out,  but  the  figures  seventeen  and  something 
resembling  a  six  is  clearly  visible  ;  it  is  of  cast- 
iron,  in  three  cylinders  of  unequal  size  set  one 
upon  another,  with  a  door  in  the  centre  one,  and 
three  short  legs  under  the  lower  one.     To   the 


casual  observer  it  appears  like  a  coal -stove,  but  the 
contrary  is  the  case — it  is  a  wood-stove.  The  fuel  is 
set  perpendicularly  in  it,  the  draft  is  perfect  and 
its  heating  powers,  notwithstanding  its  advanced 
age,  are  suflicient  for  the  building  in  the  coldest 
weather.  The  features  of  the  interior  are  in  good 
preservation,  and  in  style  and  durability  are 
characteristic  of  the  age  when  the  church  was  con- 
structed. 

The  communion  service  is  now  iu  possession  of 
Trinity  Church,  Moorestown,  and  consists  of  two 
pieces,  a  paten  and  a  chalice,  both  of  solid  silver, 
and  the  paten,  or  plate,  in  particular  is  very 
heavy  ;  the  chalice  has  engraved  on  its  foot  "  St. 
Mary's  Church,  Colestown,"  and  the  same  inscrip- 
tion is  inscribed  on  the  bottom  of  the  paten ;  but 
instead  of  having  been  engraved  it  appears  to  have 
been  scratched  very  carefully  by  some  prudent 
church  ofllcer.  When  Trinity  Parish,  the  child  of 
St.  Mary's,  was  established  at  Moorestown,  these 
consecrated  vessels  came  by  right  of  inheritance 
into  possession  of  the  new  church,  and  apart  from 
their  sacred  character,  they  are  treasured  for  their 
associations  with  the  past.  The  Bible  was  pre- 
sented to  this  church  by  Mrs.  Dr.  Jenny,  the  wife 
of  its  first  rector  (so  far  as  known),  in  1752,  and 
was  published  in  London  in  1682.  The  book, 
although  somewhat  abused  of  late  years,  is  now  in 
the  possession  of  Jacob  Stokes  Cole,  of  Haddon 
township,  by  whom  it  is  carefully  preserved  and 
cherished  for  its  asssociations.  The  church  ser- 
vice, above  alluded  to,  is  reported  to  have  been 
presented  by  Queen  Anne  to  her  loyal  subjects  at 
Colestown,  in  America,  but  the  difference  between 
the  death  of  the  Queen,  in  1714,  and  our  earliest 
data  concerning  the  building  of  the  church,  in 
1752 — a  period  of  thirty-eight  years — rendei's  it  im- 
possible to  assert  this  report  with  any  degree  ot 
correctness,  although  it  is  highly  probable  that  the 
service  came  from  England,  and  was  perhaps  the 
gift  of  some  official,  either  of  church  or  state. 

The  residents  of  this  section  of  West  Jersey  who 
made  up  the  congregation  of  St.  Ma,j-y's  Church 
were  not  free  from  the  personal  prejudices  and 
preferences  that  in  nearly  every  denomination  have 
cropped  out  to  create  dissensions  and  divisions. 

Prior  to  the  year  1796  there  had  been  much 
contention  among  the  church  members  concerning 
the  direction  and  management  of  the  grave-yard, 
and  so  far  did  some  of  the  congregation  carry  their 
views  that  they  refused  to  allow  any  of  their  fam- 
ilies to  be  interred  within  the  church-yard,  and 
several  family  grave-yards  were  located  on  farms 
in  different  sections.  John  Rudderow  interred  his 
family  in  a  private  yard  which  was  located  between 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  DELAWARE. 


733 


the  late  residence  of  Benjamin  Rudderow  and 
Charles  H.  Dill,  near  Merchantville,  but  after  his 
death  the  bodies  were  removed  to  Colestown. 
Another  of  these  grave-yards  was  located  in  Bur- 
lington County,  near  the  north  branch  of  Pensau- 
kin  Creek,  nearly  on  aline  between  the  farms  now 
owned  by  Dr.  N.Newlin  Stokes  and  Samuel  Slim, 
and  belonged  to  another  branch  of  the  Rudderow 
family.  Joseph  Coles  became  so  dissatisfied  that 
he  interred  the  dead  of  his  family  just  over  the 
church-yard  fence,  in  his  field,  nearly  in  front  of 
the  church,  where  they  still  remain  and  where  his 
own  remains  rest.  Before  his  death  he  set  apart  a 
piece  of  ground  especially  for  his  family's  use,  and 
it  is  now  inclosed  by  the  Colestown  Cemetery,  and 
designated  as  the  Coles  Family  Burying-Ground, 
and  does  not  belong  to  either  the  church  property 
or  the  cemetery  grounds,  but,  like  the  church-yard, 
it  is  now  under  the  care  and  supervision  of  the  lat- 
ter company.  The  dissensions  which  led  to  the 
establishment  of  these  private  grave- yards  was,  no 
doubt,  largely  owing  to  the  troubles  about  their 
pastor,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Passey,  as  the  follow- 
ing extracts  from  the  church  minutes  will  enable 
the  reader  to  adduce.  One  thing,  however,  is  cer- 
tain :  if  there  had  been  no  agitation,  the  names  of 
the  congregation  which  comprise  the  subscribers 
would  never  have  been  retained  to  inform  after 
generations  who  worshipped  here  a  century  ago. 

*'A  Regulation. 

"  Made  and  Concluded  upon  by  theWardena  and  Vestry  of  St.  Mary's 

Church,  Colestown,  in  the  Township  of  Waterford,  and  County  of 

Gloucester,  On  the  first  Day  of  September,  1796,  for  the  Use  of  the 

Church  and  Burying-Ground. 

"  Whereas,  a  Kegulation  in  the  Grave-Tard  is  most  Ardently  to  be 
Wished,  and  has  long  been  Desired,  for  the  Burden  has  Lain  Heavy 
On  some  this  Long  time.  Who  have  always  been  Willing  to  Cast  in 
their  Mite  for  the  Support  of  The  above-said  place,  to  Keep  it  in 
Order,  And  Again  there  are  others  that  will  not  help  to  Support  S^ 
place,  for,  Say  they,  We  shall  be  as  Well  off  as  they  who  Do  Support 
it,  nor  shall  we  pay  more  for  a  Grave  than  they  Do  ;  therefore  Con- 
cerning So  bad  a  plan,  the  Wardens  and  Vestry  of  said  Church  have 
taken  it  into  Consideration,  and  have  put  Forth  this  plan  to  their 
fellow  Brethren,  far  and  Near  : 

'*  To  all  Whome  it  may  Concern,  Be  it  known  that  any  one  Mean- 
ing to  Hold  a  Kite  to  the  Church  and  Grave-Yard,  known  by  the 
name  of  Colestown  Church,  in  The  township  of  Waterford,  and 
County  of  Gloucester,  Shall  pay  a  Certain  Sum  of  Money,  Yearly, 
Which  Shall  be  on  the  First  Monday  in  September  in  Each  year,  for 
the  Support  of  S^  Church  and  Yard,  and  in  Case  they  Do  not  pay 
the  first  Nor  Second  years'  Subscriptions  to  the  Wardens  or  Vestry 
(who  shall  meet  on  the  aforesaid  Day  for  that  purpose).  Their  names 
shall  be  Erras^  out  of  the  Book,  and  become  A  Non-subBcriber,  Not- 
withstanding what  they  Have  done,  And  it  is  Likewise  agree^  on 
By  the  Wardens  and  Vestry  of  S^  Church  that  all  those  Who  will 
not  Become  Subscribers,  Yearly,  for  the  Support  of  the  Church  And 
Burying-Ground  (which  becomes  Every  good  Christian  to  HeJp  Sup- 
port a  place  for  the  Dead),  Be  it  Known  unto  them  That  they  Shall 
pay  for  Breaking  the  Ground  for  Every  Time  they  Cause  it  to  he 
Broke,  Which  Sum  Shall  be  from  One  Dollar  to  four  Dollars,  Accord- 
ing to  their  abilities.  Which  Is  to  be  Judged  By  Joseph  Coles,  War- 
den of  S<*  Church,  Or  any  other  that  may  be  appointed  for  that  pur- 


pose Hereafter  Shall  think  fit,  Which  Money  Shall  be  put  Into  the 
Treasurer's  Handsfor  the  Use  of  Repairs,  &c.,  being  Free  from  the 
Sexton's  fees— The  Sexton's  fees  to  be  Paid  Besides,  for  his  Labor. 
And  thirdly,  the  Wardens  and  Vestery  have  a  Serious  Consideration 
for  the  poor,  Who  Can  Scarcely  Provide  for  the  Cares  of  this  Life 
&c.,  thereupon  when  they  Come  to  lay  their  Heads  in  the  Lap  of 
Earth,  Such  Shall  have  Free  Liberty  to  Inter  their  Dead  in  the 
Above-Sd  Church-yard  free  from  all  other  Expence  but  the  Sexton's 
fees  ;  Therefore,  we,  who  have  hereunto  Set  our  names,  Do  promise 
To  pay,  or  Cause  to  be  paid,  the  Sum  Assingn^,  Against  our  names 
By  the  first  Monday  in  September,  1797,  And  Continue  it  Yearly  as 
Witness  ourH»nds,  this  fifth  Day  of  September,  1796. 
*'  Entered  According  to  Order  By 

"Emmanuel  Begary. 

"  Glarlc  ofSd  Church.'' 
SuBSCEiBERs'  Names.' 


William  Rudderow,  Sr 

Samuel  Rudderow 

Joseph  Coles 

William  Hunter 

Emmanuel  Beagary 

Abram  Harris 

John  Osier 

Samuel  Slim 

Joseph  Plum ;.. 

Joseph  Githens 

Kendal  Coles,  Jr 

John  Middleton 

Frederick  Plum 

Peter  Slim 

Clement  Kimsey 

John  Plum,  Sr 

Joseph  Newton 

Gideon  Bates 

William  Jones 

George  Grayham 

John  Holland 

Andrew  Crocket 

Thomas  McMastere 

John  Jonson 

Elijah  Toy 

John  Plum,  Jr 

Francis  French 

Brasilia  Allen 

John  Wilson 

John  Stiles 

Michael  Stow 

Joseph  Heppard 

Andrew  Maines 

Thomas  Morris 

John  Chambers,  Sr 

John  Chambers,  Jr 

Thomas  Brooks 

Samuel  Jones 

Valentine  Bowers 

Deborah  Kimsey  (Deed.).. 
Elizabeth  Wilson  (Deed.) 

Ann  Jones 

Hannah  Lippincott 

Mary  Wilson 

Thomas  Hunter 

William  Johnson 

Amos  Stiles 

Thomas  Davis 

John  Pearson 

Samuel  Wilson 

James  Hale 

Edward  Morgau 

Isaac  Brady 

Benjamin  Fish 

Adam  Vennal 

William  Watens 

George  Daniel 

Abram  Fiah 

Andrew  Toy 

Job  Archer 

William  Dod 

Mary  Whetstone 

Hezekiah  Ward 

Francis  Williamson 

Samuel  Middleton 

John  Callius 

Amos  Ivens 

Benjamin  Hollinshead 

Lawrence  Vandegrift 

Joseph  Stiles 

Isaac  Stiles 

William  Chambers 

Isaac  Fish 


«.  d. 

7  6 

1797 

1798 

1799 

1800 

1801 

1802 

1803 

7  (i 

paid 
paid 
paid 
paid 
paid 

paid 
paid 
paid 
paid 
paid 

7  6 

paid 
paid 
paid 
paid 

paid 
paid 

6  0 

dec. 

3  9 

3  9 

paid 

3  9 

3  9 

paid 
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paid 

paid 
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paid 

paid 
paid 
paid 

3  9 

paid 

3  9 
3  9 

dec. 

3  9 

3  9 

paid 
paid 
paid 
paid 
paid 

paid 

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paid 

paid 
paid 
paid 

3  9 

2  6 

now; 

paid 
paid 

3  9 

3  9 
3  9 

S  9 

paid 
paid 
paid 
paid 
paid 

paid 

paid 

3  9 

2  6 

3  9 

paid 

paid 

paid 

3  9 

3  9 

dec 

3  9 

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3 

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3  9 

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dec. 



paid 
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734 


HISTOKY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


Joseph  Armstrong 

Michael  Korn 

John  Kudderow 

Henry  Growel 

WiUiain  Clements 

John  Pike 

William  Le  Ceney 

Lissee  Thomas 

John  Stone,  Sr 

Wm.  Holmes,  Jr.  (Nailer) 

David  Clements 

Abram  Stone 

Sarah  Starn , 

AbnerStarn , 

Mary  Clements , 

Andrew  Starn 

Henry  Deets , 

Richard  Leceney 

W.  Middleton  (deceased).. 

Thomas  Stone .... 

John  Stone , 

Elizabeth  Anderson 

Humphrey  Day 

William  Holmes  (poor).., 

Joseph  Dawson 

James  Vaughan 

Isaac  Venable 

William  Venable 

Joseph  Pike 

David  Gomere  (deceased).. 

John  Leceney 

Thomiis  Rogers 

John  Williamson 

Ann  Lonten 

Elizabeth  Holmes 

Simeon  CliflFen 

Samuel  Osier,  Jr 

Sarah  Osier. 

Owen  Osier 

Samuel  Baxter 

David  Wallace 

Samuel  Osier 

Joshua  Osier 

Mary  Thorn 

Samuel  Taylor 

Henry  Porch 

Abraham  Browning 

Patieuce  Morgan  (dec.)... 

John  Bell 

Jacob  Stremback 

James  Hunter 

George  Mintle 

Joseph  Githeos 

Charles  Daniel 

John  Ben-y 

Rachel  Hannold 

Joseph  Whitelock 

Samuel   Hunt 

Nicholas  Stiles 

Thomas  Peacock 

James  Burden 

.lane  Burilen 

EliasFish 

Robert  Beck  (or  Peck) 

Abraham  Johnson 

Joseph  Johnson 

John  Harden 

Isaac  Harden 

Hezekiah  Toy 

Philip  Terrapin 

Dorcas  Haines 

David  Olaypole 

John  Fish 

Ann  Budd 

William  Healings 

Jacob  Wishenn 

W^illiam  Peacock 

Thomas  Quick 

John  Quick 

Jacob  Toy 

Levy  Stiles 

Anther  Quick ,... 

Thomas  Hunter 

George  Browning  i  .  .. 
James  Stiles^ ..,.£1 


paid 


paid 


s.  d.  11797 
110  J4  paid 
3  9 
7  6 
3  9 
5  7K 
3  9 

3  9 
3  9 
3  9 

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3  9 
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llOM 
3  9 
llOH 


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1798 
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39 

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paid 
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paid 
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1799 
paid 


paid 


paid 
paid 


paid 
paid 
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paid 


paid 
paid 


paid 


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paid 


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tlie 
paid 


paid 


dec. 


1801 
dec. 


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dec. 


It  will  be    observed    that    no  payments    were 
made  by  the  subscribers  after  the  year  1799;  the 

1  Absent  first  two  years. 

2  James  Stiles  paid  four  dollars  for  his  right  to  the  grave-yard 
February  6,  1826. 


payments  became  irregular  and  partially  stopped, 
owing  to  the  difficulties  with  their  pastor, 
Rev.  Samuel  Passey,  who  it  is  believed  was  an  im- 
poster.  These  difficulties  came  well-nigh  dividing 
the  church,  and  the  previous  difficulties  about 
maintaining  the  yard  caused  considerable  specula- 
tion and  talk  in  the  neighborhood,  by  referring  to 
the  minutes  in  the  church-book.  The  difficulty 
took  definite  shape  in  1803,  when  Samuel  Kud- 
derow and  Joseph  Coles  were  elected  wardens,  and 
Wm.  Kudderow,  Wm.  Chambers,  Edward  Harris 
(declined),  Benj.  Hollinshead,  Jos.  Plum,  Isaac 
Fish,  Jacob  Toy,  John  Osier,  John  Clements, 
Clement  Kimsey  were  elected  vestrymen  ;  Joseph 
Coles,  treasurer ;  Emmanuel  Beagary,  clerk. 

The  Eev.  Samuel  Passey,  rector,  was  present  at 
this  meeting.  On  the  17th  of  January,  1803,  a 
business  meeting  of  the  wardens  and  vestry  of  the 
church  was  held  and  the  following  members  were 
present :  Samuel  Eudderow,  Jos.  Coles,  wardens  ; 
Abraham  Harris,  Isaac  Fish,  Wm.  Chambers, 
Benjamin  Hollinshead,  Jacob  Toy,  John  Osier 
and  Clement  Kimsey.  At  this  meeting  a  motion 
was  made  and  carried  relative  to  the  standing  of 
Rev.  Samuel  Passey  as  rector;  the  motion  reads  as 
follows:  "On  motion  whether  it  would  not  be 
proper  to  apply  to  the  standing  committee  for  the 
ordination  of  Mr.  Passey,  according  to  the  consti- 
tution of  our  church,  which  does  not  allow  any 
person  to  preach  in  the  pulpit  without  being  an 
ordained  minister,  etc.  Resolved,  Therefore  that  a 
letter  of  recommendation  be  drawn  up,  signed  by 
the  wardens  and  vestry  and  sent  to  the  standing 
committee  for  the  above  said  purpose."  This  was 
probably  the  first  action  taken  in  reference  to 
Passey's  rectorship. 

At  this  meeting  another  motion  was  entered  rel- 
ative to  the  placing  of  a  tombstone  at  the  Eev. 
John  Wade's  grave,  inmemory  of  their  late  pastor. 
But  it  was  thought  best  to  defer  it  for  the  present ; 
perhaps  the  heirs  might  arrive  from  England.  Jos. 
Coles  was  directed  to  set  out  as  many  Lombardy 
poplars  for  shade  as,  according  to  his  judgment,  he 
might  think  proper.  By  a  vote  of  five  yeas  and 
four  nays  it  was  ordered  that  the  vestry  carry  the 
collection  box  by  turns,  but  this  was  finally 
abandoned  by  the  vestry  promising  to  raise  the 
money  necessary  by  other  means.  This  was  done 
by  six  of  the  vestry  taking  a  list  of  the  subscribers 
and  making  collections,  and  various  sums  from 
time  to  time  were  raised  and  paid  into  the  treasury, 
but  no  list  of  those  making  the  payments  has  been 
kept.  On  the  16th  of  January,  1804,  another 
meeting  of  the  wardens  and  vestry  was  held,  and 
Abraham  Harris  and  Emmanuel  Beagary  and  John 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  DELAWARE. 


735 


Savage,  of  Philadelphia,  were  appointed  a  com- 
mittee to  wait  on  the  committee  of  ministers  for 
the  purpose  of  forwarding  the  petition  for  the  or- 
dination of  Mr.  Passey.  Emmanuel  Beagary  was 
also  instructed  to  have  some  benches  made  with 
backs,  for  the  better  accommodation  of  the  people. 
On  the  2d  of  June,  1805,  a  meeting  of  the  vestry 
was  held,  and  Abraham  Harris  and  Emmanuel 
Beagary,  the  committee  to  forward  Mr.  Passey's 
ordination,  reported  that  they  had  done  so,  but 
failed  in  the  attempt.  They  then  moved  for  Mr. 
Passey  as  a  lay-reader,  which  was  referred  to  the 
standing  committee,  who  reported  as  follows: 

'•  Jie&olvedy  That  whenever  the  Vestry  of  the  Said  Church  shall 
produce  to  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  a  Certificate  of  the  tit- 
neBB  and  moral  character  of  Mr.  Samuel  PaBsey,  signed  by  the 
Bishop  of  PennsylTania,  and  two  of  the  Clergy  of  the  City  of  Phila- 
delphia, the  Said  Chairman  shall  he  authorized  to  give  a  License  to 
the  said  Mr.  Passey  to  officiate  as  a  Lay-reader  in  the  Said  Church  of 
Oolestown  and  shall  prescribe  the  mode  of  his  conduct  agreeable  to 
the  directions  of  the  10th  Canon  of  the  General  Convention  of  the 
Church,  held  jn  the  year  1804.  On  the  16th  of  June,  the  Committee 
waited  upon  the  Bishop  of  Pennsylvania  for  the  purpose  of  obtain- 
ing the  above  mentioned  Certificate,  who  informed  them  that  he 
had  no  right  to  recommend  any  person  for  the  above  purpose,  but 
would  use  his  endeavors  to  supply  us  with  a  minister  as  soon  as 
opportunity  offered." 

On  the  23d  of  June  the  committee  reported  the 
statement  of  the  bishop  to  the  vestry  of  the  church, 
when  Mr.  Passey  moved  for  the  vestry  and  congre- 
gation to  declare  St.  Mary's  Church  an  indepen- 
dent church.  After  deliberating  until  July  7th, 
of  the  same  year,  the  vestry  passed  the  following 
resolution : 

"Besolved,  That  it  is  the  opinion  of  the  vestry  that  the  congrega" 
tion  in  general  do  not  possess  a  thorough  knowledge  of  or  understand 
the  proper  nature  of  an  independent  church,  and 

"Whereas  They  taking  up  the  motion  themselves  by  vote,  it  is 
unanimously  agreed  that  it  should  not  be  an  independent  church." 

The  motion  was,  therefore,  lost.  Mr.  Passey  was 
duly  informed  of  the  action  of  the  church,  and 
requested  permission  to  stay  his  year  out.  There 
being  but  two  turns  more,  his  request  was  granted, 
and  he  preached  his  farewell  sermon  on  the  18th 
of  August,  1805.  This  action  of  the  church  pre- 
served its  connection  with  the  Church  of  England, 
and  enabled  it  to  become  the  mother  church  of 
the  Episcopalian  Diocese  of  West  Jersey. 

Emmanuel  Beagary  was  church  clerk  in  1796. 
After  him  came  John  Baxter,  Thomas  P.  Clements, 
Eichard  M.  Hugg,  George  M.  Risden.  In  1851 
Mahlon  M.  Coles  was  elected  clerk,  and  has  con- 
tinued to  hold  the  position  up  to  the  present  time. 
Joseph  Cole  was  sexton  prior  to  1805,  at  which 
time  John  Cole  was  elected  vestryman  and  sexton; 
in  1811  John  Mitchel  was  elected  sexton  ;  in  1817 
Aaron  King  was  made  sext<.n,  and  in  1824  David 
B.  Coles;  1831  John  Mitchel  was  again  sexton; 
89 


after  him  came  John  Coles,  Mahlon  M.  Coles  and 
James  Roberts,  who  continued  to  hold  the  position 
until  the  church-yard  was  given  in  charge  of  the 
Colestown  Cemetery  Company,  whose  grounds  sur- 
round it  on  three  sides,  and  under  whose  charge 
it  still  remains.  The  records  have  been  neatly 
and  regularly  kept  since  1797,  and  the  church  or- 
ganization faithfully  maintained.  On  February 
1,  1886,  the  following  oflBcers  were  elected:  J. 
Stokes  Coles,  Benjamin  F.  Hollinshead,  wardens; 
Joseph  C.  Hollinshead,  Joshua  B.  Hollinshead, 
Mahlon  M.  Coles,  Charles  C.  Coles,  J.  Foster  Coles, 
William  D.  Coles,  Isaac  W.  Coles,  Samuel  T.  Coles, 
delegates  to  the  convention. 

At  present  the  church  is  under  the  charge  of  the 
Rev.  Richard  G.  Moses,  rector  of  Grace  Church, 
Merchantville.  Mr,  Moses  was  born  in  England, 
October  21,  1883,  and  graduated  at  the  University 
of  London.  He  came  to  America  in  1873.  He 
was  a  minister  in  the  Baptist  Church  from  1858  to 
1881,  and  held  several  charges,  his  first  in  America 
being  the  North  Baptist  Church  of  Camden.  In 
1883  he  became  rector  of  Grace  Church,  at  Mer- 
chantville, and  soon  after  St.  Mary's  Church,  at 
Colestown,  was  placed  under  his  care.  Services 
are  held  at  Colestown  on  the  second  Sunday  in 
each  month.  The  rectorship  of  Mr.  Moses  seems 
to  be  entirely  satisfactory  and  the  attendance  at 
service  is  slowly  increasing. 

Colestown  Cemeteey. — The  dilapidated  con- 
dition of  many  of  the  burying- grounds  in  the  vicin- 
ity and  the  natural  desire  of  those  interested  in  the 
•  old  grave-yard  attached  to  St.  Mary's  Church,  cre- 
ated a  feeling  in  the  community  to  provide  a  suit- 
able resting-place  for  their  loved  ones  that  would 
be  perpetually  kept  and  taken  care  of  for  that  pur- 
pose, and  led  to  the  establishment  of  the  Colestown 
Cemetery.  The  Cemetery  Company  was  organ- 
ized in  1858  and  has  located  a  tract  of  twelve 
acres  of  land  lying  adjacent  to  and  surrounding  St. 
Mary's  Church,  at  Colestown,  the  oldest  Episcopal 
Church  in  West  Jersey,  now  in  a  good  state  of 
preservation.  The  site  is  high  and  slightly  rolling ; 
the  soil  being  entirely  free  from  stones  or  rocks, 
and  with  a  sub-soil  of  a  beautiful  red  gravel, 
makes  the  drainage  a  perfect  one,  no  water  being 
accessible,  even  in  the  lowest  parts,  nearer  than 
twenty  feet  of  the  surface.  The  location  is  such 
that  it  cannot  fail  to  be  appreciated,  being  but  six 
miles  east  of  the  city  limits  of  Camden,  and  equi- 
distant from  the  thriving  boroughs  of  Haddonfield 
and  Moorestown.  Lying  at  the  intersection  ot 
the  public  roads  leading  from  Merchantville  to 
Med  ford  and  from  Moorestown  to  Haddonfield,  it 
is  of  easy  access,  which,  together  with  its  natural 


736 


HISTORY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


advantages,  all  tend  to  make  it  one  of  the  most 
desirable  places  of  interment  in  West  Jersey. 
This  cemetery  was  created  by  a  special  act  of  the 
Legislature,  entitled  "An  Act  to  Incorporate  the 
Colestown  Cemetery  Company."  Section  1  names 
the  following  incorporators:  Joseph  H.  Coles, 
Abraham  Browning,  David  B.  Coles,  Josiah  E. 
Coles,  Genge  Browning,  Edward  Browning,  John 
S.  Wilson,  Isaac  Browning,  Benjamin  Osier,  J. 
Ogden  Cuthbert,  Isaac  Roberts,  Joseph  E.  Eoberts, 
Nathan  S.  Roberts,  Lawrence  Browning,  Joseph 
C.  Hollinshead,  Joseph  Ellis,  Richard  B.  Cham- 
pion, J.  Stokes  Coles,  John  Buzby,  Samuel  Jones, 
Charles  Wilson,  Franklin  Stiles,  John  'J\  Coles, 
Charles  B.  Coles,  Joseph  C.  Haines,  Malilon  M. 
Coles,  Benjamin  F.  Hollinshead,  Isaac  B.  Law- 
rence, Eli  Browning,  Charles  E.  French,  Richard 
Fetters,  Benjamin  H.  Browning,  Joseph  A.  Bur- 
rough,  Hannah  H.  Browning,  Charles  W.  Starn, 
William  H.  Browning,  Joseph  Few  Smith  and  Wil- 
liam Stiles,  and  provides  that  "their  associates 
shall  be  and  they  are  hereby  created  a  body  politic 
and  corporate,  by  the  name  of  '  The  Colestown  Cem- 
etery Company,'  and  by  that  name  shall  have  per- 
petual succession  for  the  purpose  of  continuing, 
establishing  and  improving  a  cemetery  or  place  for 
the  burial  of  the  dead,  at  or  near  St.  Mary's 
Church,  Colestown,  in  the  township  of  Delaware, 
in  the  county  of  Camden,  in  this  State;  and  for 
that  purpose  the  said  company  may  purchase  and 
hold  lands  not  exceeding  twenty  acres,  and  en- 
close, survey,  lay  out,  and  divide  the  same  into 
lots,  roads,  paths  and  avenues,  and  erect  and  con- 
struct a  chapel,  vault,  sexton's  house,  and  other 
improvements  thereon,  and  otherwise  ornament 
the  same,  and  sell  and  dispose  of  lots  therein  for 
the  burial  of  the  dead.  .  .  ."  By  the  same 
act  the  following-named  persons  constituted  the 
first  board  of  directors :  Joseph  H.  Coles,  Abra- 
ham Browning,  Joseph  Ellis,  Josiah  E.  Coles, 
Samuel  Jones,  Edward  Browning,  David  B.  Coles, 
Charles  Wilson,  Joseph  C.  Hollinshead,  Isaac 
Roberts,  John  Buzby  and  Joseph  A.  Burrough, 
who  were  "  to  serve  until  the  first  Monday  in  May 
next,  and  until  others  shall  be  elected  in  their 
stead  ;  and  the  said  Joseph  H.  Coles  shall  be  the 
president,  and  the  said  Joseph  Ellis  shall  be  the 
treasurer,  and  the  said  Edward  Browning  shall  be 
the  secretary  of  said  company,  until  the  said  iirst 
Monday  in  May  next,  and  until  others  shall  be 
elected  or  appointed  in  their  stead." 

But  four  of  the  first  board  of  directors  are  now 
living,  most  of  the  others  being  silent  occupants  of 
the  grounds  they  selected  and  dedicated  as  the  last 
resting-place  of  theirs  and  succeeding  generations. 


Under  this  act  a  company  was  organized,  and 
subscription-books  opened  for  subscriptions  to  the 
capital   stock  of  the  company,  which    was  soon 
taken  and  work  commenced.     The  laud  was  pur- 
chased of  Joseph  H.  Coles,  who  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  company,  which  office  he  held  until 
his  death.      Edward  Browning  was  the  secretary 
and    Joseph     Ellis     treasurer.       Contracts    were 
awarded  for  building  the  chapel  and  sexton's  resi- 
dence,   and    also   the    receiving-vault.       Charles 
Wilson,  of  Camden,    constructed  the  buildings. 
The  chapel  and  sexton's  residence  cost  $4263.45, 
and    the    receiving-vault    $122.12.       The    shade 
and  ornamental  trees  were  purchased  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  were  all  hauled  there  at  one  load,  by 
Isaac  Eoberts  and  Joseph  C.  Hollinshead.  The  lots 
met  a  ready  sale  and  the  income  derived  there- 
from has  been  sufficient  to  pay  off  the  original 
costs  and  charges  and  keep  the  grounds  in  order ; 
and  as  no  profits  can  be  paid  the   stockholders 
after  repaying  the  original  outlay  (which  is  nearly 
all  paid  off),  the  income  which  must  necessarily 
arise  from  the  sale  of  lots  is  compelled  by  law  to  be 
exclusively  to  maintain  and  improve  the  grounds, 
will  be  sufficient  to  provide  for  its  care  and  im- 
provement for  a  long  period  of  years.   The  follow- 
ing are  the  names  of  the  original  stockholders  and 
the  amount  subscribed  and  paid  in  by  each :  A. 
Browning,   $850 ;     Jos.  H.    Coles,   $1300  ;   Genge 
Browning,  $900  ;  Edward  Browning,  $900  ;  David 
B.  Coles,  $800  ;  Josiah  E.  Coles,  $150  ;  John  Wil- 
son, $100 ;  Isaac  Browning,  $100 ;  Benjamin  Os- 
ier, $50  ;  J.  Ogden  Cuthbert,  $150  ;  Isaac  Roberts, 
$100  ;  Joseph  E.  Roberts,  $100 ;  Nathan  S.  Eob- 
erts, $100  ;  Lawrence  Browning,  $100  ;  Joseph  C. 
Hollinshead,  $175;  Joseph  Ellis,  $300;  Richard 
B.  Champion,  $70;  J.  Stokes  Coles,  $50;  John 
Buzby,  $100 ;  Samuel  Jones,  $50  ;  Charles  Wilson, 
$175 ;  John  T.  Coles,  $100  ;  Charles  B.  Coles,  $50  ; 
Joseph  C.  Haines,  $150 ;  Mahlon  M.  Coles,  $50 ; 
Benjamin  F.  Hollinshead,  $50 ;  Charles  E.  French, 
$100;  Benjamin  H.  Browning,   $100;  Joseph  A. 
Burrough,   $250;    Hannah   H.    Browning,   $100; 
Charles  W.  Starn,  $100;  William  H.  Browning, 
$100 ;  Joseph  Few  Smith,  $100,— total,  $7870. 

Following  are  the  officers  of  the  association  for 
1886 :  President,  Joseph  C.  Hollinshead ;  Secretary 
and  Treasurer,  J.  Stokes  Coles.  Directors, — 
Joseph  C.  Hollinshead,  John  Buzby,  Joseph  H. 
Coles,  Alfred  W.  Clement,  Edward  Burrough, 
Isaac  Browning,  William  D.  Coles,  John  Camp- 
bell, Benjamin  F.  Hollinshead,  Mahlon  M.  Coles, 
Joseph  C.  Haines,  Isaac  W.  Coles,  Maurice  Brown- 
ing, D.  Budd  Coles,  Charles  B.  Coles,  J.  Stokes 
Coles,      Managers,— Joseph    H.    Coles,    Edward 


.x:' 


■t/'-^^t-^L-i^-fta  , 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  DELAWARE. 


737 


Burrough,  Charles  B.  Coles,  John  Campbell,  Al- 
fred W.  Clement,  Isaac  W.  Coles,  William  D. 
Coles.    Sexton,  Elihu  Shepperd  Low. 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Ellwood  Evans,  the  well-known  and  progres- 
sive farmer  of  this  township,  is  of  Welsh  descent, 
and  of  a  family  first  represented  in  America  by- 
William  and  Elizabeth  Evans,  who  arrived  this 
side  of  the  Atlantic  about  1660,  and  were  the  first 
settlers  of  Burlington  County,  N.  J.  The  region 
being  at  that  time  an  unbroken  wilderness,  inhab- 
ited only  by  Indians,  they  were  obliged  to  live  for 
a  time  in  a  cave,  and  eventually  built  for  them- 
selves a  house  near  Mount  Laurel,  in  Evesham 
township,  where  they  settled.  Elizabeth  was  a  min- 
ister in  the  Society  of  Friends.  Their  children 
were  Thomas,  John  and  Jane.  Thomas,  born  De- 
cember 12,  1693,  married  Esther  Haines  on  Octo- 
ber 1,  1715,  and  they  had  six  children, — William, 
Elizabeth,  Isaac,  Esther,  Jacob  and  Nathan. 
Nathan,  born  in  February,  1727,  married  Syl- 
vania  Gaskill,  and  had  children, — Isaac,  Susanna, 
Joseph,  Jacob  and  Nathan.  Jacob  married 
Deborah  Troth,  by  whom  he  had  four  children, 
of  whom  one,  Esther,  grew  to  maturity.  As  his 
second  wife  he  married  Rachel  Borton,  by  whom 
he  had  nine  children,  viz. :  Abraham,  Amos, 
Sylvania,  Uriah,  Rachel  B.,  Jacob,  Carlton,  Joseph 
B.  and  Susanna.  Uriah,  born  October  10,  1801, 
married,  February  17,  1831,  Rachel  Saunders, 
daughter  of  Solomon  and  Lydia  (Burrough)  Saund- 
ers, of  a  very  old  family  of  Burlington  County, 
and  was  the  father  of  six  children,  of  whom  our 
subject  was  the  youngest.  They  were  Lydia  B., 
Joseph  B.,  Deborah  S.,  Jacob,  Elizabeth  L.,  and 
Ellwood  Evans,  born  September  2,  1840. 

Ellwood  Evans  was  educated  in  the  schools  of 
the  neighborhood  and  at  the  Westtown  (Chester 
County,  Pa.)  Academy,  which  he  attended  for  four 
years.  The  next  four  years  were  spent  on  the  farm ; 
he  being  very  fond  of  machinery,  was  about  to 
secure  a  place  in  Baldwin's  Locomotive  Works, 
when  his  only  brother  dying  suddenly  and  his 
father  being  in  poor  health,  and  unwilling  to  leave 
his  farms,  necessitated  his  remaining  at  home.  He 
was  chosen  one  of  the  committeemen  of  his  township 
when  only  about  twenty-five  years  of  age.  When 
twenty-nine  years  of  age  he  removed  to  Marlton, 
where  he  was  soon  afterwards  elected  collector, 
which  office  he  held  until  his  return  to  Delaware, 
in  1876.  About  that  time,  his  father  and  wife's 
father  dying  within  a  period  of  a  few  months, 
large  responsibilities  were  thrown  upon  Mr.  Evans 
and    he    was    obliged   to    decline    political    and 


official  honors,  though  frequently  urged  to  accept 
offices  of  honor  and  profit.  From  this  time  to  the 
present  his  mill,  farm  and  several  kindred  interests 
have  received  his'  entire  energies  and  he  has  de- 
veloped the  fine  tract  of  land  on  which  his  home 
is  located,  near  Cropwell— so  called  because  of  the 
great  productiveness  of  the  region — into  one  of 
the  most  valuable  farms  in  this  rich  region.  The 
farm  consists  of  about  three  hundred  acres,  of 
which  two  hundred  and  fifty  are  under  cultivation. 
He  has  erected  all  of  the  buildings  upon  this 
property  except  one  barn — four  houses,  three 
barns  and  a  steam  saw  and  feed-mill.  One  of  the 
barns  has  a  storage  capacity  of  three  hundred 
tons  of  hay  and  grain.  In  the  mill  Mr.  Evans 
does  a  large  amount  of  custom  work  and  he  also 
carries  on  a  lumber  business  of  considerable  pro- 
portions. 

He  is  a  farmer  of  the  advanced  and  progressive 
type.  His  purchase  of  imported  Jersey  and  Guern- 
sey cattle  and  the  introduction  of  steam  as  a  motor 
for  machinery  in  his  farm  buildings,  was  regarded , 
by  his  neighbors  as  a  venture  not  warranted  in  his 
calling,  and  which  would  end  in  loss.  This  was 
not  the  case,  however,  for  soon  others  indulged  in 
Jersey  and  Guernsey  herds  and  also  concluded  that 
the  application  of  steam  saved  much  labor  and 
time  about  their  plantations.  What  was  several 
years  since  regarded  as  of  doubtful  economy  in  his 
case,  may  now  be  found  of  practical  utility  among 
agriculturists  throughout  the  county.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  American  Jersey  and  of  the  Amer- 
ican Guernsey  Cattle  Clubs,  and  of  other  organiza- 
tions of  like  aims. 

He  was  one  of  the  projectors  of  the  Philadelphia, 
Marlton  and  Medford  Railroad,  and  did  much  to 
bring  about  its  completion,  advancing  considerable 
sums  of  money  at  a  period  when  few  persons  had 
faith  in  the  success  of  the  enterprise,  and  when  the 
other  directors  and  the  president  refused  financial 
aid,  thus  relieving  the  company  from  serious  em- 
barrassment and  insuring  the  speedy  completion 
of  the  road.  This  project  at  first  was  considered  of 
doubtful  success,  but  it  has  opened  one  of  the  best 
sections  of  West  Jersey  to  markets  and  travel,  and 
been  of  much  benefit  to  the  farmers  and  dairy- 
men. Mr.  Evans  adheres  to  the  religious  belief 
of  his  ancestors. 

On  March  27,  1873,  Mr.  Evans  married  Sarah 
L.  Evens,  only  child  of  Thomas  Evens,  a  descend- 
ant of  one  of  the  earliest  representatives  of  the 
Evans  family  in  America,  though  the  name  was, 
through  some  person  in  the  line,  changed  from  the 
commonly  accepted  spelling.  She  is  a  descendant 
of    the    eighth    generation    from    William     and 


738 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


Elizabeth  Evans,  through  the  Thomas  Evans 
branch.  He  married  Esther  Haines.  Their  son 
William,  who  married  Sarah  Koberts,  had  a  son 
Jacob,  who  married  Mary  Cherrington.  Their 
son  Thomas  married  Mary  Eves,  and  among  their 
children  was  Joseph,  who  married  Rebecca  Rob- 
erts. Thomas,  their  son,  married  Sarah  Lippin- 
cott,  and  she  was  their  only  child. 

Benj-Amin  B.  Cooper,  in  1803  the  first  post- 
master at  Camden  and  who  later  resided  near  El- 
liaburg,  in  Delaware  township,  and  died  in  1835, 
was  an  enterprising  and  representative  man.  He 
was  a  son  of  William  and  Ann  (Folwell)  Cooper, 
and  was  born  March  22, 1779.  He  owned  and  occu- 
pied the  farm  first  settled  by  Wm.  Cooper,  who  emi- 
grated from  England,  from  whom  he  traced  his 
lineage  in  a  direct  line.  As  a  farmer  he  was  al- 
ways in  advance  with  any  improvement  that  ap- 
peared. He  gave  much  attention  to  fruit  and  had 
the  largest  orchards  of  choice  varieties  in  the 
county.  He  was  always  an  authority  on  cattle 
and  horses  and  dealt  largely  in  both.  In  the  poli- 
tics of  the  county,  and  State  he  took  much  inter- 
est, representing  the  county  several  times  in  the 
Legislature  and  was  a  leading  man  in  the  Board  of 
Freeholders  for  several  years.  General  Jackson,  as 
President  of  the  United  States,  was  the  one  person 
who  met  his  notions  of  a  statesman. 


He  had  scarcely  attained  man's  estate  before  a 
leading  characteristic  of  his  life  developed  itself — 
speculation  in  land.  The  first  piece  of  property 
he  purchased  was  in  1803,  and  his  dealings  were 
continuous  until  his  death,  the  records  of  Glou- 
cester County  alone  showing  the  entry  of  one 
hundred  and  fifty-eight  deeds  of  purchase  and  one 
hundred  and  thirty-seven  deeds  of  sale,  many  of 
which  conveyances  contained  several  tracts  of  land. 
His  transactions  extended  to  Cumberland,  Salem 
and  Cape  May  Counties,  in  West  Jersey,  and  Sussex, 
Warren  and  Monmouth  Counties,  in  East  Jersey. 

He  was  agent  for  the  Holland  Land  Company, 
whose  possessions  were  in  Pennsylvania,  and  had 
large  individual  interests  in  that  State,  at  one  time 
owning  nearly  the  whole  of  Clearfield  County.  He 
was  also  attorney  for  the  Peniberton  and  Kirk- 
bride  possessions  in  New  Jersey.  In  1814  he  pur- 
chased of  Thomas  Cadwalader,  agent  of  the  West 
New  Jersey  Society,  all  the  shares  of  propriety 
owned  by  that  corporation.  At  the  time  of  his 
death  his  landed  estate  was  large  and  valuable. 
He  disposed  of  it  by  will.  His  wife  was  Sarah 
Van  Meter,  of  Monmouth  County,  N.  J.  Three 
children  survived  him, — Ralph  V.  M.,  Sarah  Ann 
and  W.  Morris.  His  remains  and  those  of  his 
wife  lie  buried  in  the  "  Sloan "  part  of  the  old 
Newton  grave-yard. 


THE    TOWNSHIP    OF    STOCKTON. 


CHAPTEE  XVIII. 

Ita  Separation  from  Delaware— Jurisdic«on  over  Kiver  Islands - 
Early  Settlement— The  Coles,  Spicers,  Woods,  Willards,  Nichol- 
sons, Morgans,  Eudderows,  Fishs,  Horners,  Brownings,  Starns, 
Osiers  and  others— Bethel  Methodist  Episcopal  Church— Old  Tav- 
erns—Schools —  Fisheries— Pavonia^Wrightsville  —  Cramer  Hill 
Dudley  —  Morchantville  —  Stooktou—Delair— Manufacturing  In- 
terests. 

This  township  lies  on  the  Delaware  and  extends 
eastward  between  Coopers  Creek  and  Pensaukin 
Creek.      It   was  taken  from   Delaware   township 
.  by  act  of  Legislature  approved  February  23, 1859 . 
the  dividing  line  was  declared  as  beginning  at  a 
point  in  Coopers  Creek  at  a  corner  to  the  farms  of 
Joshua  Barton  &  Bro.  and  Hewlings  Haines  and  fol- 
lowing the  line  of  Barton's  farm  to  a  corner  in  the 
Whiskey  road,  near  the  village  of  Homesteadville; 
thence  diverging  in  a  straight  line  to  a  corner  in 
the  Moorestown   turnpike  in   the   centre   of  the 
crossing  of  the  Sorrel   Horse   and    Haddonfield 
roads ;   thence  along  the  turnpike  to  the  county 
line.    In  the  spring  of  1859  the  committees  of  the 
two  townships  met  at  the  hotel  of  Benjamin  Mar- 
tin and  organized  by  electing  Joseph  A.  Burroughs 
chairman  and  Benjamin  W.  Cooper  secretary,  and 
agreed  upon  the  following  article  of  settlement : 

"AETICIiES     OF  AOEEEMENT  BETWEEN    THE  TOWNSHIPS    OF  STOCKTON 
AND  DELAWARE. 

*'  Article  of  agreement  made  and  entered  into  hetween  the  town 
committees  of  the  townships  of  Stockton  and  Delaware,  in  pursu- 
ance of  an  act  of  the  Legislatare,  entitled  an  act  to  establish  a 
new  township  in  the  county  of  Camden,  to  be  called  the  township 
of  Stockton.  We,  the  undersigned  town  committees  of  the  said 
townships  of  Stockton  and  Delaware,  this  fourteenth  day  of  March, 
eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-nine,  at  the  house  of  Benjamin  Martin^ 
in  the  said  township  of  Stockton,  having  proceeded  to  ascertain  the 
proportions  of  taxes  assessed  in  each  part  of  the  township  of  Del- 
aware, that  now  constitutes  the  townships  of  Stockton  and  Dela- 
ware, find  that  two-fifths  of  the  taxes  assessed  as  aforesaid  was 
assessed  in  that  part  which  constitutes  the  township  of  Stockton 
and  that  three-fifths  were  assessed  in  that  part  which  now  con- 
stitutes the  township  of  Delaware,  and  we  find  and  ascertain  that 


there  is  an  indebtedness  for  which  the  two  townships  aforesaid  are 
liable  amounting  to  the  sum  of  seven  hundred  and  flfty-nine  dol- 
lars and  fifty-six  cents,  of  which  the  township  of  Stockton  shall 
pay  the  sum  of  two  hundred  and  ninety-nine  dollars  and  ninety- 
one  cents  and  the  township  of  Delaware  the  sum  of  four  hundred 
and  forty-nine  dollars  and  seventy-three  cents ;  and  we  find  that 
there  are  two  grave-yards,  and  that  the  one  located  in  the  town- 
ship of  Stockton  shall  belong  to  the  township  of  Stockton,  and 
the  one  located  in  the  township  of  Delaware  shall  belong  to  the 
township  of  Delaware.  We  also  find  the  fallowing  township  prop- 
erty to  be  divided  as  the  taxes,  viz. :  The  town-house  valued  at 
$200.00.  The  pound,  $10.00.  Eoad-scraporss,  $20.00.  Dirt  machines, 
$11.00.  Books,  $11.00.  Total,  $252.00.  The  two-iifths  of  the  above 
property  belonging  to  the  township  of  Stockton  is  $100.80,  and  the 
three-flfths  belonging  to  the  township  of  Delaware  is  $151.20. 

"  There  are  tax  warrants  in  the  hands  of  B.  H.  Fowler,  con- 
stable, on  which  a  part  may  probably  be  collected,  and  such  sums 
as  may  be  collected  are  to  be  divided  in  the  same  proportion  as 
the  other  property.  The  indebtedness  of  the  township  of  Stockton 
to  the  township  of  Delaware  is  $299.91.  The  share  of  the  above 
said  township  of  Stockton  in  the  above-mentioned  property,  $100.80 
being  deducted,  leaves  $199,11,  to  which  is  added  the  value  of 
one  road-scraper,  $5.00,  making  the  balance  of  the  indebtedness 
$204.11. 


'•  Committee  of  Btoclcton  township. 
"  William  Folwell. 
Benjamin  W.  Cooper. 
Josiah  Stam. 
Benjamin  Horner. 
Thomas  P.  Clement. 


Commiittee  of  Delaware  twmship  . 
Asa  E.  Lippiucott. 
Joseph  C.  Stafford. 
Job  B.  Kay. 
Joseph  A.  Burrougli. 
Isaac  W.  Nicholson. 


'*  A  true  copy, 

"  Samuel  B.  Githens,  Clerk. 


Pettys'    Island.^— In    1848  the  question    of 

1  This  island  was  in  the  possession  of  William  Peon  for  some 
years  prior  to  1700.  On  the  25th  of  October,  1701,  he  conveyed  it 
to  Thomas  Fairman,  of  Shackamaxon,  reserving  the  right  of  way 
for  four  coach  horees.  Upon  his  death  it  passed  to  his  wife, 
Elizabeth,  and  later,  to  a  son,  Beiy'amin,  who.  May  24,  1732,  sold 
it  to  John  Pettys,  from  whom  it  took  its  name.  On  the  11th  of 
May,  1745,  it  was  sold  to  John  Dobbins.  In  1816  the  island  was 
owned  by  Humphrey  Day,  Charles  H.  Fish,  Benjamin  Loxley, 
Isaac  Hoxey,  William  Cooper,  Jacob  Bvaul,  Joseph  Cooper,  Abra- 
ham Browning,  Jonathan  Biles  and  others.  In  1824  the  land  of 
Charles  H.  Fish  passed  to  Isaac  Fish,  and  that  of  Humphrey  Day 
to  Jeremiah  Fish,  and  later  to  Messrs.  Sanderson  &  Sons. 

Between  the  years  1860  and  1870  the  west  shore  of  the  island 
was  used  as  a  dock  for  repairing  and  for  a  ship-yard.  Doughty 
&  Keppela,  shipwrights  and  caulkers,  built  at  the  place  tug- 
boats and  schooners  and  had  thirty-six  thousand  dollars  invested 

739 


740 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


jurisdiction  over  the  islands  on  the  Delaware 
River  was  agitated,  and  the  following  preamble 
and  resolutions  were  adopted  at  the  annual  town- 
ship meeting : 

"  Whereas,  by  an  act  of  Legislature  of  this  State,  passed  Novem- 
ber 26,  1783,  entitled  an  act  to  annex  the  several  islands  situated 
in  the  river  Delaware  belonging  to  this  State,  to  the  respective 
counties  and  townships  to  which  they  lie  nearest ;  it  is  provided 
said  islands  shall  hereafter  be  deemed  and  considered  as  part  and 
parcels  of  such  counties  and  townships  to  which  islands  or  insu- 
lated dry  lands  do  or  doth  lie  nearest,  except  Petty's,  which  shall 
be  annexed  to  the  township  of  Newton,  in  the  county  of  Glouces- 
ter ;  and  whereas,  the  said  township  of  Newton  as  at  present  con- 
stituted, has  no  part  on  the  river  Delaware  within  two  miles  of 
Pettys'  Island,  but  said  island  lies  opposite  the  township  of  Dela- 
ware. Therefore  be  it  resolved,  by  the  inhabitants  of  the  township 
of  Delaware,  in  the  county  of  Camden,  in  town-meeting  assem- 
bled, that  application  be  made  to  the  next  Legislature  of  this 
State  for  a  law  to  annex  Pettys'  Island  to  this  township,  where 
it  legitimately  and  of  right  belongs. 

'^Resolved,  That  the  township  committee  be  and  they  are  hereby 
instructed  to  lay  the  foregoine  preamble  and  resolutions  before  the 
next  Legislature  and  use  all  honorable  means  to  procure  the  pas- 
sage of  a  law  such  as  mentioned  above. 

"  Resolved,  That  the  foregoing  resolution  and  preamble  be  signed 
by  the  moderator  and  attested  by  the  clerk. 
"Attest,  John  Buduerow,  Clerk. 

"Chakles  Knight,  Moderator. 

Nothing  further  appears  to  have  been  done  in 
the  matter  until  the  next  year,  when  Joseph  Kay, 
Benjamin  W.  Cooper  and  Charles  Knight  were 
appointed  a  committee  to  go  to  Trenton  and 
secure  the  necessary  legislation  ;  in  this  they  must 
have  been  very  successful,  as  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  township  was  extended  over  the  island,  and 
in  1859,  when  the  township  of  Stockton  was 
created,  the  island  was  conceded  to  it  and  still 
remains  a  part  of  that  township. 

Early  Settlement.— The  first  settlement  by 
the  whites  within  the  limits  of  Stockton  township 
was  made  at  the  mouth  of  Pensaukin  Creek,  where 
Eriwomac,  an  Indian,  was  then  chief  over  a  small 
body  of  Indians,  Charles  I.,  of  England,  in  1634, 
granted  to  Sir  Edmund  Ployden  the  territory  lying 
between  New  England  and  Maryland.  A  vessel 
commanded  by  Captain  Young,  a  nephew  of  Eob- 
ert  Evelin  (afterwards  famous  as  the  author  of  the 
account  of  "  New  Albion,"  published  in  1642  and 
1648),  and  thirteen  traders,  about  the  same  time, 
went  to  Virginia,  and  in  the  same  year,  1634,  came 
up  the  Delaware  and  settled  at  the  mouth  of  Pen- 
saukin Creek  and  built  there  a  fort,  which  they 
named  Fort  Eriwomac,  after  the  Indian  Chief. 
They  remained  at  the  place  four  years.  In  1636 
Sir  Edmund  Ployden  sent  out  to  the  "Province 

Joseph  Kilot,  also  a  shipwright,  had  here  in  1870  a  marine  railway. 
Jacob  H.  Ambruster,  about  1865,  erected  a  building  and  manu- 
factured chains.  At  present  the  island  is  owned  by  James  Man- 
derson,  Dr.  Samuel  Pancoast  and  others.  The  upper  part  of  the 
island  is  fitted  up  as  a  summer  resort  and  is  known  as  Willow 
Grove.     The  island  contains  over  one  hundred  acres. 


of  New  Albion "  Beauchamp  Plantagenet,  who 
sailed  up  the  Delaware  River  sixty  miles  and  did 
not  reach  Fort  Eriwomac,  where  Captain  Young 
and  Robert  Evelin  had  set  up  a  fort  and  govern- 
ment and  were  patiently  waiting  for  Sir  Edmund 
to  come  over  from  England  to  take  formal  posses- 
sion of  the  province. 

In  1637,  tired  of  waiting,  Evelin  and  his  men 
abandoned  the  settlement  and  went  down  the  river 
and  near  what  is  now  Salem,  they  found  Plantage- 
net, who  had  settled  there  and  had  sent  a  glowing 
account  of  the  province  to  Earl  Ployden.  The 
Earl  came  over  in  1641,  but  the  settlement  of  Fort 
Eriwomac  was  notagain  made  by  the  English  under 
the  Earl.  Soon  after  1637  Bogot,  a  pioneer  of 
Minuet's  colony  of  Swedes,  settled,  with  a  few 
Swedish  founders,  upon  the  site  of  the  fort,  where 
a  few  of  them  remained  until  the  title  passed  to 
the  proprietors,  in  1664.  Bogot  held  out  induce- 
ments to  settlers  by  insisting  |that  a  gold  mine|was 
in  the  vicinity,  which  was  laid  down  in  early  maps 
as  being  near  Rancocas  Creek.  This  project  failed 
and  the  settlement  was  again  abandoned. 

The  first  location  in  the  limits  of  this  township 
made  under  the  proprietors  was  one  of  five  Ijundred 
acres  of  land  embracing  the  site  of  Fort  Eriwomac, 
at  the  mouth  of  Pensaukin  Creek.  This  was 
granted  to  Samuel  Jennings  (afterwards  the  first  i 
Governor  of  New  Jersey).  Some  of  the  Swedish 
founders  living  farther  up  the  stream,  in  what  is 
now  Burlington  County,  remained  under  the  pro- 
prietors, purchased  lands  and  some  of  their  de- 
scendants, in  after-years,  drifted  into  what  is  now 
Stockton  township.  The  Toys,  Fishs, Stones,  Wal- 
laces and  others  are  descendants  of  the  early  Swe- 
dish families.  William  Cooper,  who,  in  1682, 
settled  at  Pyne  Point  (Coopers),  was  from  Coles 
Hill,  England.  At  the  same  place  lived  Samuel 
Coles,  a  haberdasher  and  hatter  and  an  old  friend 
and  neighbor  of  William  Cooper. 

In  1677  he  purchased  part  of  a  share  of  propriety 
in  West  Jersey  of  the  trustees  of  Edward  By  llynge, 
and  in  March,  1082,  with  his  wife,  Elizabeth,  and 
two  children,  he  emigrated  to  America,  and  doubt- 
less came  at  once  to  the  home  of  his  ol^  friend 
and  neighbor,  William  Cooper.  He  located  five 
hundred  acres  of  land  on  the  north  side  of  Coop- : 
ers  Creek,  opposite  the  tract  of  his  friend  and 
extending  up  the  Delaware  River.  The  land  was 
surveyed  to  him  on  the  18th  day  of  the  Third 
Month  (May),  1682,  and  in  that  year  he  cleared  a 
small  tract  and  erected  a  house,  where  he  settled, 
but  lived  in  it  a  short  time,  for  in  the  latter  part  of 
the  same  year  he  sold  one  hundred  acres  and  the 
house  tn  Henry  Wood,  who  at  once  came  there  to 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OP  STOCKTON. 


741 


reside.  He  probably  built  upon  the  remaining 
portion,  as  he  remained  there  a  few  years.  In  1683 
he  was  chosen  to  represent  the  Third  Tenth  in  the 
Legislature  of  New  Jersey,  and  in  1685  was  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  commissioners  to  fix  the  line 
between  Burlington  and  Gloucester  Counties. 

In  the  year  1687  he  conveyed  the  remainder  of 
the  tract  to  Samuel  Spicer,  and  having  purchased, 
in  1685,  four  hundred  acres  of  land  of  Jeremiah 
Richards,  on  Pensaukin  Creek,  near  the  property  of 
William  Matlack  and  Timothy  Hancock,  now  in 
Delaware  township,  which  he  named  "  New  Or- 
chard" (now  Colestown)  and  to  which  place  he 
moved  and  purchased  other  tracts  adjoining.  A 
few  years  later  business  required  his  attention  in 
England  and  he  visited  his  native  country.  On  his 
return  the  vessel  stopped  at  the  Island  of  Barbadoes, 
where  was  a  settlement  of  Friends.  At  this  place 
he  was  taken  sick  and  died, 

A  learned  writersays  :  "The  extended  distanceof 
the  voyage  and  consequent  delay  therefrom  not 
being  known  to  the  wife,  she  made  frequent  visits 
to  Philadelphia  to  meet  her  husband  and  welcome 
him  to  his  family  again.  Tradition  says  that  she 
would  stand  for  hours  by  the  water's  edge  looking 
anxiously  down  the  river  for  the  sail  that  would 
bring  the  father  of  her  children.  These  visits  and 
watchings  at  last  attracted  the  attention  of  a  young 
mariner  who  frequented  the  port,  and  who  was  not 
long  in  discovering  the  cause  of  her  anxiety. 
Sympathizing  with  her,  he  extended  his  inquiries 
on  her  behalf  and  at  last  discovered  that  her  hus- 
band had  died  on  his  return.  Her  grief  for  this 
sad  bereavement  entered  his  feelings,  and  finding 
that  she  was  about  to  return  home  alone  in  her 
boat,  he  offered  to  accompany  her  and  manage  the 
same.  This  offer  she  accepted  and  he  sailed  the 
craft  up  the  river  to  Pensaukin  Creek  and  thence 
nearly  to  her  residence,  thus  bearing  the  sad  news 
to  her  children  and  neighbors.  This  man  was 
Griffith  Morgan,  who,  after  a  proper  interval  of 
time,  sailed  his  own  skiff  up  the  creek  to  offer  his 
consolations  to  the  widow  and  to  interest  himself 
about  her  children  and  estate.  This  solicitude 
soon  assumed  another  shape  and  culminated  in  the 
marriage  of  Griffith  Morgan  and  Elizabeth  Cole. 
Samuel  Coles  left  two  children,— Samuel  and  Sarah 
— from  whom  the  family  of  the  name  in  this  region 
have  descended." 

Among  the  many  of  the  name  of  Wood  who 
emigrated  to  New  Jersey  about  the  time  of  the 
settlement  under  the  proprietor  was  Henry  Wood, 
who  came  to  this  place  from  Newport,  R.  I.,  and  on 
the  4th  of  September,  1682,  purchased  of  Samuel 
Coles  a  tract  of  one  hundred  acres  of  land  on  the 


north  side  of  Coopers  Creek,  adjoining  the  land 
subsequently  sold  to  Samuel  Spicer.  The  deed 
describes  the  place  as  "situate  at  Arwawmasse,  in 
West  Jersey ;  also  the  dwelling-house  or  tenement 
which  he,  the  said  Samuel,  inhabiteth,  with  the 
folds,  yards,  etc.,  excepting  one  cow-house."  The 
farm  fronted  on  Coopers  Creek  and  the  Delaware 
River,  and  was  named  by  him  "  Hopewell."  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  in  1683-84,  and 
in  the  latter  year  was  appointed  commissioner  for 
laying  out  land,  and  in  1685  for  opening  highways. 
In  1683  he  purchased  three  hundred  and  fifty 
acres  of  land  on  the  north  side  of  and  fronting 
Coopers  Creek,  and  in  1686  sold  it  to  Mathew 
Burden,  who  was  a  resident  of  Portsmouth,  R.  I., 
and  a  connection  of  Henry  Wood.  In  1711 
Richard  Burden,  a  son  of  Mathew,  conveyed  the 
land  to  John  Coxe,  and  later  part  of  it  was  in- 
cluded in  the  farm  of  Abraham  Browning.  Henry 
Wood  died  in  April,  1681,  leaving  as  children 
Henry,  James,  Richard,  Judith  (who  married 
Thomas  Willard  in  1689),  Abigail  (who  married 
Daniel  Cooper,  a  son  of  William,  in  1693),  Hannah 
(who  married  Joseph  Nicholson  in  1695),  Eliza- 
beth (who  married  Stephen  Newbie,  son  of  Mark, 
in  1703)  and  Benjamin  (who  marjied  Mary  Kay, 
daughter  of  John,  in  1707).  The  homestead,  in 
1699,  came  to  Joseph  Nicholson,  who  lived  adjoin- 
ing from  James  Wood,  a  grandson  of  Henry.  At 
the  time  of  Henry  Wood's  death  he  was  in  posses- 
sion of  considerable  land  near  the  homestead 
tract,  which  was  divided  among  his  children. 
His  son  Henry  died  in  1754,  single,  and  left  his 
portion  to  his  brothers  and  sisters,  Benjamin 
purchased  the  home  farm  on  which  Joseph  Nichol- 
son had  lived,  and  upon  his  death,  in  1738,  left  it 
to  his  son  Henry,  who  devised  it  to  his  son  Henry, 
who  sold  part  of  it,  February  1,  1788,  to  Samuel 
Haines,  who  died  in  1789,  and  John  Haines  and 
Dr.  John  H.  Stokes,  his  executors,  sold  one  hun- 
dred and  eighty-four  acres  of  it  to  Daniel  Cooper. 
Henry,  at  his  death  in  1814,  left  three  hundred  and 
sixty-eight  acres  to  his  two  sons,  Henry  and 
Zachariah.  He  died  June  18,  1814,  aged  fifty-six 
years.  His  wife,  Hannah,  survived  him  and  died 
August  23,  1856,  aged  eighty-seven  years.  Zach- 
ariah died  May  5,  1847,  aged  fifty-four  years- 
Other  children  of  Benjamin  Wood,  who  died  in 
1738  were  Mary  (who  married  Joseph  Coles  and 
Richard  Matlack),  Hannah,. Abigail,  Benjamin, 
John,  Judith  and  Jane. 

The  land  purchased  by  Henry  Wood  in  1683, 
containing  one  hundred  acres  on  the  Delaware 
River,  before  1790  came  to  Samuel  Cooper,  who 
also  owned  Coopers  Point  Ferry  and  other  land 


AUTOGRAPHS  OF  SETTLERS  IN  STOCKTON  (OLD  WATERFORD)  TOWNSHIP. 


A  first  settler.  Died  at  Barbadoes, 

1692-93,  and  left  one  son, 

Samuel. 


A  first  settler.     Died  1691.     Had  sons 

Henry,  James,  Eichard  and 

Benjamin. 


10.     Had  sons - 


A  first  settler.     Died  1710.     Had  sons 

William,  Joseph  and  Daniel.  Married 


Judith,  daughter  of  Henry  Wood.     Died  1734.     Had  sons 
James,  Henry  and  Thomas. 


""^/L 


c<^^ 


A  first  settler.     Died  1692.     Had 

sons  Abraham,  Jacob,  Thomas 

and  Samuel. 


^;;g^  c^Axn  v>»^uH/€. 


m^/. 


C£,^ 


isiL- 


A  first  settler  of  Salem.     Died   1685.     Had  sons 

Samuel,  Abel  and  Joseph,  who  settled  in 

Stockton. 


^ 


^ifCCt 


Daughter  of  John  and  Mary  Tilton, 

of  Gravesend,  and  wife  of  Samuel 

Spicer.    She  was  killed  by 

lightning  in  1703. 


Qj^c^c  cmJey0^ 


^5 


(trl. 


<^ 


^^^a^ 


Third  son  of  Samuel  and  Esther 
the  emigrants.     Died  1759. 
Had  sons  Jacob,  Thomas 
and  Samuel. 


Only  son  of  Griffith  the  emigrant.     Died  1751. 
Had  sons  Joseph,  Benjamin  and  Isaac. 


JWX7/^  Q0s^ — 

A  first  settler  of  Ellisburg.     Died  1715. 

Had  sons  Thomas,  Joseph,  William, 

Simeon  and  Jonathan. 


A  first  settler.     Died   1742.     Had   sons  V '  0 


John,  Isaac,  Josiah,  Benjamin 
and  Joseph. 


A  first  settler  and  wealthy  operator  in  lands  sold  to  Kaighn, 
Mickle  and  others. 


,ii*»^' 


?^. 


z^^^.^:;:,,^  ^,^  ..^y-— 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  STOCKTON. 


743 


adjoining.  The  house  now  owned  by  William  B. 
Cooper,  marked  S.  P.  0.  1790,  was  built  by  Samuel 
and  Prudence  Cooper.  It  came  to  their  son  Ben- 
jamin, who,  January  22,  1834,  had  the  tract  sur- 
veyed by  Samuel  Nicholson  in  two  parts,  called 
the  northern  and  southern  divisions.  The  northern 
part  extended  along  the  shore  of  the  Delaware, 
from  Coopers  Creek  to  the  Samuel  Horner  farm, 
including  the  fisheries  on  the  river-front,  and  also 
the  fisheries  up  to  the  Cove  road.  Bery.  Cooper 
died  26th  of  4th  mo.,  1842,  aged  sixty-seven  years, 
and  his  wife,  Elizabeth,  died  21st  of  3d  mo.  pre- 
ceding, aged  sixty-six  years,  He,  by  will,  devised 
the  northern  part,  containing  one  hundred,  and 
seventy-five  acres,  including  the  flat  marshes  and 
fisheries,  to  Benjamin  W.  Cooper,  his  son,  reserv- 
ing the  half-interest  of  all  privileges  and  profits  of 
the  fisheries  for  William  B.  Cooper. 

The  southern  tract,  containing  one  hundred  and 
sixty-seven  acres,  fronting  on  Coopers  Creek,  was 
devised  to  William  B.  Cooper,  with  rights  in  the 
fisheries  and  meadows.  The  repairs  on  the  banks 
of  the  latter  were  chargeable  to  both  divisions. 
The  northern  division  became  the  property  of  the 
Pavonia  Land  Association,  an  account  of  which 
will  be  found  under  the  head  of  Pavonia. 

Benjamin  W.  Cooper  was  the  son  of  Benja- 
min Cooper,  a  lineal  descendant  of  William  and 
Margaret  Cooper,  who  in  1678  emigrated  from 
England  with  the  first  settlers  who  located  in  Bur- 
lington. A  few  years  later  he  took  up  lands  and 
settled  at  the  mouth  of  Coopers  Creek,  which 
stream  was  named  after  him.  The  father  of  the 
subject  of  this  biography  was  a  progressive  farmer 
of  Waterford  township  (now  Stockton),  and  after  a 
life  of  activity  and  usefulness  both  in  religious  and 
civil  society  he  died,  in  1842.  By  his  marriage 
with  Elizabeth  Wills,  he  had  children,  viz. :  Re- 
becca, Prudence,  Benjamin  W.,  Elizabeth  W.  and 
William  B.  Cooper. 

Benjamin  W.  Cooper  was  born  at  the  homestead, 
now  owned  by  his  brother,  William  B.  Cooper,  in 
Stockton  township,  on  the  13th  day  of  the  First 
Month,  1805,  and  spent  the  whole  of  his  life  as  an 
enterprising  farmer  in  the  township  where  he  was 
born.  After  obtaining  a  preparatory  education  in 
the  schools  in  the  vicinity,  he  entered  the  West- 
town  Boarding-School,  and  there  spent  seva:al 
years  in  diligent  study,  and  thus  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  a  liberal  education,  being  afterward  one  of 
the  best  informed  men  in  the  community  in  which 
he  resided.  He  was  a  constant  reader  of  books  of 
general  literature,  but  devoted  much  of  his  read- 
ing to  agricultural  subjects,  and  was  himself  a 
liberal  contributor  to  agricultural  journals  of  his 


day.  Having  a  retentive  memory,  he  absorbed 
a  vast  amount  of  information,  which  he  freely 
dispensed  to  his  friends  without  reward!  He 
studied  agriculture  a^  a  science  and  practiced  it 
as  an  art.  He  introduced  all  new  modes  of  cul- 
tivating the  soil,  and  was  first  in  his  neighborhood 
to  use  the  best  improved  implements — needed  by 
all  progressive  farmers. 

In  management  of  State,  county  and  municipal 
affairs  he  held  various  places  of  trust  and  respon- 
sibility, and  was  possessed  with  a  sound  discrimi- 
nating judgment. 

He  was  one  of  the  originators  of  the  plan  for 
the  erection  of  Camden  County  by  the  division  of 
Gloucester  County,  exerted  all  of  his  influence  in 
that  direction,  and  was  greatly  instrumental  in 
having  it  eventually  accomplished.  After  the  ac- 
tion was  taken,  forming  the  new  county  of  Cam- 
den, and  the  controversy  arose  about  the  location 
of  the  county  buildings,  Mr.  Cooper  favored  the 
erection  of  them  at  Camden,  and  left  no  opportu- 
nity pass  until  the  final  decision,  making  Camden 
the  county-seat,  was  rendered.  He  was  an  ardent 
and  consistent  Republican,  and  took  great  interest 
in  the  administration  of  State  and  national  oflices. 
Recognizing  his  efficiency  as  a  man  of  good  judg- 
ment, he  was  appointed  one  of  the  lay  judges  ot 
Camden  County,  and  served  in  that  position  from 
1850  to  1855.  No  subject  of  great  political  mo- 
ment absorbed  his  attention  more  than  the  freedom 
of  the  colored  slaves  in  the  Southern  States. 
Many  a  refugee  negro  found  in  him  a  friend  on 
his  way  northward,  beyond  the  jurisdiction  of 
slavery,  and  his  home  in  Stockton  township  for 
many  years  was  a  "station"  on  the  line  of  the 
"Underground  Railroad,"  where  many  a  poor  es- 
caped slave  was  befriended  both  with  food  and 
money. 

Benjamin  W.  Cooper,  like  his  ancestors,  was  a 
member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  connected  with 
the  Haddonfield  Monthly  Meeting.  He  was  mar- 
ried, on  the  18th  day  of  the  Second  Month,  1830,  to 
Lydia,  daughter  of  Samuel  Lippincott,  whose  an- 
cestors were  among  the  first  settlers  in  New  Jer- 
-  sey.     He  died  on  the  23d  day  of  11th  Month,  1863. 

William  B.  Cooper,  the  youngest  son  of  Benja- 
m.in  and  Elizabeth  (Wills)  Cooper  and  a  brother 
of  Benjamin  W.  Cooper,  was  born  in  Delaware 
township  (now  Stockton),  on  the  11th  day  of  the 
Sixth  Month,  1814.  The  historic  old  mansion 
where  he  was  born  and  which  he  now  owns,  in- 
cluding the  farm  adjoining,  where  he  has  spent 
most  of  his  life,  was  erected  by  Samuel  and  Pru- 
dence (Brown)  Cooper,  his  grandparents,  in  the 
year  1790. 


744 


HISTOEY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEESEY. 


William  B.  Cooper  obtained  his  education  at  the 
Newton  Friends'School,  Ran  cocas  Boarding-Sohool 
and  at  the  well-known  Westtown  Boarding-School, 
in  Chester  County,  Pa.  He  then  attended  to  the 
duties  of  the  farm  with  his  father,  and  upon  the 
death  of  the  latter,  in  1842,  he  succeeded  to  the 
ownership  of  a  part  of  the  paternal  homestead. 
He  continued  his  chosen  occupation  until  a  few 
years  ago,  when  he  retired  from  his  farm  and 
moved  to  the  city  of  Camden,  where  he  now  re- 
sides. As  a  farmer  he  has  met  with  great  success, 
and,  following  the  example  of  his  brother  Benja- 
min W.,  regularly  introduced  new  modes  of  agri- 
culture and  improved  machinery  necessary  for  the 
progressive  farmer.  He  has  always  taken  a  deep 
interest  in  owning  the  finest  breeds  of  horses  and 
cattle,  and  takes  the  greatest  delight  in  having 
them  well  cared  for.  As  a  farmer  he  has  been 
looked  upon  as  a  model,  as  a  neighbor  universally 
respected,  and  as  a  kind-hearted,  noble  gentleman 
his  name  is  a  synonym  of  goodness.  In  his  plain, 
unassuming  and  unpretentious  way  he  has  con- 
tinued to  live  a  life  of  great  usefulness.  As  a 
friend  of  the  poor  and  the  needy,  his  charities  are 
well  known,  yet  never  made  public  by  himself. 
Like  his  father  and  brother,  in  the  days  of  slavery 
he  was  a  devoted  friend  of  the  refugee  slaves,  and 
would  do  anything  to  comfort  and  protect  them. 

In  religion  he  has  been  a  consistent  member  of 
the  Society  of  Friends  and  served  many  years  as 
clerk  of  Newton  Meeting,  of  which  he  and  his 
estimable  wife  are  members.  On  the  9th  day  of 
the  Third  Month,  1879,  William  B.  Cooper  was 
married  to  Phebe  Emlen,  a  lineal  descendant  of 
George  Emlen,  who  emigrated  from  England  to 
Philadelphia  about  the  time  that  William  Penn 
arrived. 

James  Emlen,  the  grandfather  of  Phebe  Cooper, 
was  well  educated,  and  it  was  designed  that  he 
should  travel  in  Europe  for  his  further  accom- 
plishment, but  he  removed  to  Chester  County 
and  followed  the  occupation  of  a  miller.  He  was 
married  to  Phebe  Pierce,  and  both  he  and  his 
wife  died  of  yellow  fever.  Anne,  their  eldest 
daughter,  married  Judge  Walter  Franklin  of  Lan- 
caster, Pa.  James  Emlen,  the  youngest  child  and 
father  of  Phebe  Cooper,  was  married  in  1816  to 
Sarah  F.  Foulke,  a  teacher  in  the  Westtown  Board- 
ing-School. In  1835  he  became  a  teacher  in  the 
same  institution,  and  resided  with  his  family  on 
the  property  for  thirteen  years.  His  wife  became 
a  minister  and  paid  religious  visits  to  various 
places  in  the  Eastern,  Westerp  and  Southern 
States.  Her  last  religious  visit  was  made  to  Eng- 
land.   She  was  universally  esteemed  by  all  who 


knew  her.  She  died  in  1849.  James  Emlen  was 
a  highly  loved  elder  in  Friends'  Meetings.  He 
died  in  1866.  Dr.  Samuel  Emlen,  brother  of  James, 
was  one  of  the  most  eminent  physicians  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  was  known  throughout  the  United 
States. 

Benjamin  Coopee,  son  of  Benjamin  W.  and 
Lydia  (Lippincott)  Cooper,  and  nephew  of  Wil- 
liam B.  Cooper,  was  born  at  the  Cooper  homestead, 
in  Stockton  township,  on  the  21st  of  Sixth  Month, 
1834.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his 
native  township  and  the  well-known  Westtown 
Friends'  School,  in  Chester  County,  Pa.  He  then 
returned  to  his  home,  and  engaged  in  work  on  the 
farm.  Upon  the  death  of  his  father,  in  1863,  Ben- 
jamin Cooper  inherited  the  homestead  which  he 
owns  at  the  present  time.  He  continued  actively 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  until  1872,  when 
he  removed  to  Marlton,  N.  J.  He  still  owns  the 
farm  and  superintends  its  cultivation.  Following 
the  precedents  established  by  his  enterprising  fa- 
ther, he  is  progressive  and  brings  into  use  all  the 
new  and  improved  machinery  necessary  for  suc- 
cessful farming.  Within  the  past  few  years  he 
has  been  extensively  engaged  in  breeding  thor- 
oughbred Jersey  cattle. 

Mr.  Cooper  was  one  of  the  originators  of  the 
plan  to  construct  and  one  of  the  incorporators  of 
the  Philadelphia,  Marlton  and  Medford  Railroad, 
and  devoted  much  time  and  energy  to  the  con- 
struction of  the  same.  He  was  originally  and 
still  is  one  of  its  largest  stockholders,  and  since 
the  organization  of  the  company  has  been  a  direc- 
tor. In  politics  Mr.  Cooper  is  a  Republican,  and 
in  religion,  like  his  ancestors  for  many  generations 
before  him,  is  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends. 
Benjamin  Cooper  was  married,  in  1859,  to  Lydia 
Evans,  the  only  surviving  child,  daughter  of  Da- 
vid and  Sarah  E.  Evans,  a  prominent  farmer  of 
Burlington  County,  and  a  descendant  of  William 
Evans,  one  of  the  first  Welsh  emigrants  to  New 
Jersey,  who  settled  at  Mount  Laurel,  Burlington 
County.  They  have  three  children,  viz. :  David 
E.,  William  B.  and  Samuel  R.,  all  of  whom  are 
engaged  with  their  father  in  his  farming  interests. 
Thomas  Willard,  who,  in  1689,  marrred  Judith, 
a  daughter  of  Henry  Wood,  settled  on  a  tract  near 
the  Wood  homestead,  where  he  died  in  1734,  and 
left  three  sons— James,  Henry  and  Thomas— and 
daughters.  A  granddaughter,  Abigail,  in  1743, 
married  Samuel  Spicer,  son  of  Thomas,  and  died 
April  24,  1762,  aged  twenty-six  years.  A  grand- 
son, Benjamin,  owned  part  of  his  grandfather's 
estate,  and  left  it  to  his  son  James,  who,  February 
28,  1781,  sold   part  of  it  to  Thomas  Stone,  who 


/5^^^      ^C^^r^iuX' 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  STOCKTON. 


745 


sold  twenty-two  acres  in  1783.  Old  citizens 
remember  Parr  Willard,  in  the  vicinity,  as 
being  much  interested  in  fruit  and  its  culture. 
An  old  pear-tree  now  stands  on  the  place  of 
Abraham  Browning,  which  bears  the  "  Willard 
Pear,"  and  is  from  stock  originated  by  him. 

Joseph  Nicholson,  the  first  of  the  name  to  settle 
in  what  is  now  Camden  County,  was  the  fourth 
child  of  Samuel  Nicholson,  and  was  born  in  Eng- 
land, Second  Month  30,  1669.     His  father  was  in- 
terested in   the  purchase   made   from  Lord  John 
Berkeley,  in    1673,  and  came  to  this  country  with 
his  wife,  Ann,  and  five  children,  from  Wiston,  in 
Nottinghamshire,  England,  in  the  ship  "Griffith," 
with  John  Fenwick,  and  arrived  in  the  river  Dela- 
ware on  the  23d   of  Ninth  Month,  1676,  and  soon 
after  settled  in  Salem,  where  he  selected  a  tract  of 
sixteen  acres  with  a  marsh  fronting  on  the  creek  and 
erected  a   house.     He  purchased  large   tracts  of 
land  later  and   became  one  of  the  wealthiest  men 
in  the  colony.     In  1680  the  Society  of  Friends,  of 
which  he  was  an  active  and  prominent  member, 
purchased  his  house  and  lot  and   refitted   it  as  a 
meeting-house,  which  the  next  year  was  enlarged. 
This  house  was  the  first   meeting-house  in  West 
New  Jersey.     A  few  years  after  the  sale  Samuel 
Nicholson  removed  to  a   plantation  on  AUoways 
Creek,  where  he  died  in  1685.     Ann,  his  wife,  re- 
moved here  and  died  in  1694.      The  sons,  except 
Joseph,   settled   on    the  homestead    and    in   the 
vicinity.     Joseph,  in   1694,  purchased   a  tract  of 
land  on  the  north  side  of  Coopers  Creek,  and  the 
next  year  (1695)  he  married   Hannah,  a  daughter 
of  Henry   Wood,   who   settled   at  the  mouth  of 
Coopers  Creek  in   1682.      On   this  place   Joseph 
Nicholson  built  a  house  and  settled.     In  1699  he 
purchased  a  tract  of  land  adjoining  James  Wood, 
a  grandson  of  Henry.    He  died  in  1702  and  left  a 
son,  Samuel,  who  inherited  the  estate  of  his  father 
and  resided  on  the  tract  purchased  of  James  Wood. 
This  was  re-surveyed  in  1733.     He  was  married 
three  times,— first  in  1722,  to  Sarah,  a  daughter  of 
Samuel  Burroughs  ;  second  to  Rebecca  Saint ;  and 
third  to  Jane  Albertson,  widow  of  William  and 
daughter  of  John  Engle.  The  last  was  successively 
the  widow  of  John  Turner,   William  Albertson, 
Samuel     Nicholson    .and      Thomas     Middleton. 
Samuel  Nicholson  died  in  1750,  and  left  children,— 
Joseph,  Abel,  Abigail,  Hannah  and  Sarah.  Joseph 
in  1749,  purchased  the  lot  in  Haddonfield,  north 
of  the  Methodist  Church,  now  owned  and  occupied 
by  Mrs.  Joseph  B.  Tatem,  and  probably  built  the 
house       Abel    married    Rebecca,   a  daughter  of 
Aaron    Aaronson,   and  died   in   1761,   before  his 
child  was  born.    This  child  was  named  Abel,  and 
90 


married  Rebecca  Ellis,  a  daughter  of  Isaac.  It  is 
from  this  branch  the  family  in  this  region  descend. 
Abigail,  in  1748,  became  the  wife  of  Daniel  Hill- 
man,  and  in  1767  of  John  Gill.  Hannah  married 
John  Hillman,  and  Sarah,  the  youngest  child,  died 
single  in  1756.  The  Nicholson  homestead  was 
owned  for  many  years  by  Abraham  Browning,  and 
is  now  occupied  by  several  factories. 

Samuel  Spicer  was  a  native  of  New  England, 
and  one  of  the  few  American  born  citizens  that  can 
be  claimed  among  the  early  settlers  of  old  Glou- 
cester County.  He  was  a  son  of  Thomas  and 
Michael  Spicer,  and  was  born  prior  to  1640.  His 
father  was  one  of  the  colony  of  Friends  who  emi- 
grated from  England  to  avoid  persecution  for  their 
religious  belief,  only  to  meet  as  trying  an  ordeal  in 
their  new  homes.  Samuel  Spicer,  the  son,  on  the 
21st  of  Third  Month  (May),  1665,  married  Esther 
Tilton,  at  Oyster  Bay,  L.  I.,  and  settled  at  Grave- 
send.  In  1684  he  visited  this  region  of  country 
and  purchased  of  Samuel  Coles  four  hundred  acres 
of  land  on  Coopers  Creek  and  the  Delaware  River, 
adjoining  Henry  A\^ood,  who  purchased  one  hun- 
dred acres  of  Samuel  Coles  in  1682,  above  and  on 
the  Delaware.  In  the  next  year  he,  with  his  wife, 
Esther,  and  eight  children,  moved  to  the  new  pur- 
chase and  built  a  house  near  where  the  bridge 
crosses  Coopers  Creek  at  Federal  Street.  On  the 
24th  of  May,  1687,  he  purchased  three  hundred 
and  fifty  acres  of  land,  and  subsequently  other 
lands  adjoining.  These  lands  extended  from 
Coopers  Creek  to  Pensaukin,  embracing  the  lands 
on  which  Merchantville  now  stands. 

This  ferry  was  maintained  until  1762,  when  a 
bridge  was  built  at  the  place  and  the  locality  was 
known  as  Spicer's  Bridge  many  years.  In  the  year 
1687  Samuel  Spicer  was  appointed  one  of  the 
judges  of  Gloucester  County  and  continued  in  the 
office  several  years.  He  was  active  in  the  Society 
of  Friends,  of  which  he  was  a  prominent  member, 
and  died  soon  after  1792.  His  widow,  Esther,  sur- 
vived him  until  24th  day  of  Seventh  Month,  1703, 
when  she,  with  a  servant  and  Richard  Thackara, 
a  lad  of  about  eleven  years  of  age,  were  struck  by 
lightning  and  killed.  An  account  of  her  burial  at 
night  is  given  in  connection  with  the  old  Newton 
burying-ground  in  the  history  of  the  township  of 
Haddon.  They  had  eight  children,  all  of  whom 
were  born  at  Gravesend,— Abraham,  Jacob,  Mary, 
Martha,  Sarah  (who,  in  1695,  became  the  second 
wife  of  Daniel  Cooper),  Abigail,  Thomas  and 
Samuel.  Samuel  Spicer  left  in  his  will  to  his  son 
Jacob  one  hundred  and  fifty  acres  attached  to  the 
homestead,  and  on  the  Delaware  River  and 
Coopers  Creek,  and  to  his  other  sons,  Samuel  and 


746 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Thomas,  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  acres  each. 
Samuel  died  young,  and  his  land  passed  to  Jacob. 
Thomas  inherited  from  his  father  the  one  hundred 
and  fifty  acres,  and  also  purchased  four  hundred 
and  ten  acres  in  and  around  Merchantville  of  his 
brother  Jacob.  He  died  in  November,  1759,  and 
left  the  landed  estate  to  his  son,  Thomas  Spicer, 
who,  in  1741,  married  Rebecca,  a  daughter  of 
Humphrey  and  Jane  Day,  who  lived  on  Coopers 
Creek,  in  the  lower  part  of  what  is  now  Delaware 
township.  He  died  in  the  May  following,  1760, 
and  by  will  entailed  the  property  to  his  wife,  Re- 
becca; his  daughter,  Abigail,  who  was  the  wife  of 
Wm.  Rudderow;  and  their  son,  John  Rudderow, 
then  a  child  of  fifteen  months  old.  Thos.  Spicer, 
Jr.,  passed  much  of  his  time  in  travel  and  visited 
on  business  the  West  Indies  and  other  places.  Re- 
becca Spicer  survived  her  husband  until  1777,  liv- 
ing most  of  the  time  on  her  own  plantation. 
Abigail  (Spicer)  Rudderow  was  the  only  child 
living  of  three  born  to  them. 

Samuel  Spicer,  son  of  Thomas,  Sr.,  who  married 
Abigail  Willard  in  1743,  settled  on  the  land  he 
received  from  his  father.  His  wife,  Abigail,  died 
April  24,  1762,  aged  twenty-six  years,  and  left  one 
son,  Jacob,  who  died  September  4,  1769,  aged 
twenty- four  years;  a  daughter  Abigail,  who  mar- 
ried John  Keble,  a  merchant  of  Philadelphia.  She 
died  August  27,  1807,  aged  sixty  years;  Rebecca, 
who  married  William  Folwell,  also  a  merchant  of 
Philadelphia ;  and  Sarah,  who  married  Joseph 
Cowperthwait.  Judge  John  K.  Cowperthwait  was 
a  son  of  the  latter,  and  Spicer  Cowperthwait,  now 
a  merchant  in  Camden,  is  a  grandson. 

Wrightsville  is  on  that  part  of  the  Spicer  prop- 
erty that  came  to  Rebecca  and  William  Folwell 
and  to  Sarah  and  Joseph  Cowperthwait. 

Jacob  Spicer,  son  of  Samuel,  Sr.,  owned  a  large 
tract  of  land  lying  north  of  his  father's,  and  ex- 
tending to  Pensaukin  Creek.  He  sold  to  his 
brother  Thomas  four  hundred  and  ten  acres,  lying 
next  his  father's  land,  and  that  part  lying  on  Pen" 
saukin  Creek  to  Samuel  Burroughs,  who  later 
built  a  mill  upon  it.  A  part  of  the  Burroughs  land 
is  stil)  in  possession  of  the  family.  Jacob  Spicer, 
in  1691,  removed  to  Cape  May  County,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  from  1703  to  1723,  and 
surrogate  from  the  last-named  year  to  1741,  and 
died  in  the  latter  year.  He  left  a  son  Jacob,  who 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1744,  and  was 
appointed  with  Aaron  Leaming  to  revise  the  laws 
of  the  State,  and  "  Leaming  and  Spicer,"  as  the 
collection  is  termed,  bears  witness  to  the  faithful 
performance  of  their  duties.  The  Spicer  estate 
will  later  be  mentioned  in  the  account  of  the  Rud- 


derow family,  to  whom  it  in  large  part  descended. 
Mention  has  been  made  of  the  marriage  of  Eliza- 
beth Cole,  the  widow  of  Samuel,  to  Grifiith  Mor- 
gan. He  was  a  native  of  Wales,  and  a  mariner, 
and  in  1677  purchased  of  David  Lloyd  and  Isaac 
Norris,  executor  of  Thomas  Lloyd,  of  Philadelphia, 
a  tract  of  fivehundred  acres  of  land,  embracing  the 
site  of  Fort  Eriwomac,  which  had  been  located  by 
Samuel  Jennings,  the  first  Governor  of  New  Jersey. 
It  was  bounded  on  the  west  by  Delaware  River, 
and  on  the  north  by  Pensaukin  Creek,  and  ex- 
tended about  a  mile  up  the  creek  and  about  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  along  the  river-front.  He  did 
not  settle  upon  the  place  for  many  years,  but  con- 
tinued his  business  as  a  mariner,  and  was  some 
time  in  England.  An  account  of  his  romantic 
meeting  with  Elizabeth  Coles  will  be  found  in  the  ' 
sketch  of  Samuel  Coles.  The  license  for  his  mar- 
riage was  granted  by  the  chancellor  of  Pennsyl- 
vania on  the  10th  of  December,  1693,  and  the  mar- 
riage ceremony  soon  after  was  performed  in  Phila- 
delphia. He  then  erected  a  stone  house,  two  stories 
and  a  half  high,  with  dormer  windows,  near  the 
mouth  of  Pensaukin  Creek,  commanding  a  fine 
view  of  the  Delaware  River,  where  he  settled  and 
died  a  few  years  after,  leaving  a  widow  and 
one  son,  Alexander.  His  widow,  Elizabeth,  died 
in  1710.  Alexander  jMorgan  inherited  the  projser- 
ty  of  his  father,  and,  in  1717,  married  Hannah 
Cooper,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  Cooper,  and  settled 
upon  the  Morgan  homestead,  where  he  died  in 
1751,  leaving  his  wife  and  ten  children, — Joseph, 
Benjamin,  Isaac,  Mary,  Elizabeth,  Lydia,  Sarah, 
Hannah,  Rachel  and  Alexander.  By  this  marriage 
the  family  ultimately  became  connected  with  the 
Mickles,  Hopkinses,  Ladds,  Coxes,  Cootes  and 
Clements  of  West  Jersey,  and  the  Rawles,  Riggs 
and  other  families  of  Pennsylvania. 

Joseph  Morgan,  eldest  son  of  Alexander,  married 
Agnes  Jones,  and  settled  on  the  homestead.  They 
had  one  child,  Griffith,  who,  in  1766,  married 
Rebecca,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Clement ;  three 
daughters  were  the  result  of  this  marriage,  as  fol- 
lows :  Agnes,  who  married  Enos  Eldridge ;  Re- 
becca, who  became  the  wife  of  James  B.  Cooper 
and  resided  at  Haddonfield ;  Ann,  who  in  1795 
married  William  E.  Hopkins  and  lived  on  the 
Hopkins  farm,  on  Coopers  Creek,  near  Haddon- 
field. The  first  wife  of  Joseph  Morgan  died  young. 
He  married  a  second  time  and  had  several  children, 
— Joseph,  who  married  Mary  Evans  and  Mary 
Butchel;  Hannah,  who  married  Mr.  Saterthwait; 
Elizabeth,  who  became  the  wife  of  Joseph  Reeve ; 
and  Sarah,  who  married  James  Hinchman.  Upon 
the  death  of  this  wife  he,  in  1758,  married  Mary, 


i  £)^.^^^  /^^/yla-^ 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  STOCKTON. 


747 


the  daughter  of  Joseph  Stokes,  by  whom  he  had 
four  children,— Isaac,  Alexander,  Mary  and  Ben- 
jamin ;  the  last  married  Mary  Champion.  His  third 
wife  died  and  Joseph  Morgan  married  Elizabeth 
Atkinson,  by  whom  were  no  children. 

The  old  homestead,  near  the  mouth  of  the  creek, 
remained  in  the  family  and  came  to  Joseph  R.  Mor- 
gan. William  Burroughs,  as  administrator,  con- 
veyed the  one  hundred  acres  of  that  part  of  the 
estate,  and  the  mansion-house,  to  John  Morris, 
March  1,  1834,  who  resided  thereon  until  Septem- 
ber 2(;,  1853,  when  he  sold  it  to  William  B.  Mann 
&  Oo.,  of  Philadelphia.  In  that  year  a  fishing 
club  of  fight  peraons  was  formed,  of  whom  Mr. 
Miinn  was  one,  and  bought  five  aires  adjoining  the 
house,  and  erected  the  present  Fish  House.  On 
the  28th  of  January,  1868,  Jacob  Backeubach 
bought  the  farm  and  Morgan  homestead  of  one 
hundred  acres,  and  is  still  in  possession. 

Benjamin  Morgan,  the  second  son  of  Alexander, 
in  1761,  married  Jane  Roberts  and  settled  on  Pen- 
saukiu  Creek,  part  of  the  homestead,  where  he  at 
once  built  a  one-story  friime  house,  and,  in  1775, 
built  the  present  stone  dwelling-house,  of  which 
the  old  part  is  the  east  wing  of  the  house  now  owned 
and  occupied  by  Dr.  J.  Dunbar  Hylton.  Their 
children  were  Hannah;  Benjamin,  who  died  in 
youth  ;  and  Benjamin  R.,  who  never  married.  At 
the  death  of  Benjamin  his  estate  passed  to  Alex- 
ander Morgan,  of  Philadelphia.  In  1838,  John  S. 
Hylton,  a  native  of  England,  came  to  this  country 
and  purchased  of  the  administrator  of  the  IMorgan 
estate  two  hundred  and  twenty  acres,  known  as  the 
Mount  Pleasant  farm,  and  one  hundred  and  seventy 
acres  adjoining,  and  above,  on  Pensaukin  Creek, 
the  Comus  Hill  farm.  On  this  large  tract  he  settled, 
and,  in  1860,  finding  the  soil  in  its  loams  and  clays 
was  well  adapted  for  use,  he  began  the  shipment  of 
loam  and  clay  to  rolling-mills,  foundries  and  pot- 
teries. It  Wiis  of  easy  access  to  Pensaukin  Creek, 
where  the  material  was  loaded  on  vessels  and  con- 
veyed to  its  destination.  The  trade  has  been  con- 
tinued to  the  present  time  without  interruption. 
In  187:;  the  business  passed  to  his  son,  Dr.  J. 
Dunbar  Hylton.  immense  quantities  have  been 
shipped  from  the  farm,  and  the  supply  seems  un- 
limited. In  1880,  when  the  iron  trade  was  prosper- 
ing, forty-two  thousand  tons  were  excavated  and 
shipped,  and  in  1885  twenty-five  thousand  tons 
were  taken  out.  In  addition  to  the  shipment  of 
loam  and  clay,  Dr.  Hylton  is  cultivating  fruit  ex- 
tensively, having  a  peach  orchard  tontaining  fifteen 
thousand  trees,  fifteen  acres  containing  four  thou- 
sand Niagara  grape-vines,  one  thousand  Keefer 
pear-trees  and  ten  acres  of  the  Wilson  blackberry. 


J.  Dunbar  Hylton,  M.D.,  is  a  member  of  the 
ancient  and  hongrable  family  of  that  name  that 
for  so  many  generations  bore  a  prominent  part  in 
the  military  and  civic  history  of  England.  The 
family  seat  is  at  Hylton,  near  Sunderland,  on  the 
river  Ware,  where  Henry  Hylton,  who  had  re- 
ceived a  large  grant  from  William  the  Conqueror, 
because  of  his  own  and  hia  father's  valor,  and  who 
was  afterwards  slain  in  Normandy,  built  the  an- 
cient Hylton  castle  in  1072.  The  family  traces  its 
genealogy  back  three  hundred  years  before  the 
conquest,  and  is  mentioned  by  the  venerable  Bede 
in  his  work  published  in  the  sixth  century.  Since 
the  time  of  the  Conquest  it  is  remarked  of  the  Hyl- 
tons  that  one  was  slain  at  Feversham,  in  Kent, 
one  in  Normandy,  one  at  Mentz,  in  France,  three 
in  the  Holy  Wars,  under  Richard  I.,  three  at  the 
battle  of  Bourdeaux,  under  the  Black  Prince,  one 
at  Agincourt,  two  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed,  against 
the  Scots,  two  at  the  battle  of  St.  Albans,  five  at 
Market  Bosworth  and  four  at  Flodden  Field. 

From  such  illustrious  and  valiant  ancestors  is 
descended  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  His  great- 
grandfather, William  Hylton,  descended  from  one 
of  the  junior  branches  of  the  family.  About  1764 
he  left  England  and  came  to  America,  locating 
near  Bath,  Va.,  where  he  acquired  some  ten  thou- 
sand acres  of  land,  as  well  as  owning  land  on  Long 
Island,  where  the  city  of  Brooklyn  now  stands. 
After  the  breaking  out  of  the  Revolutionary  War 
he  espoused  the  royal  cause  and  returned  to  Eng- 
land, his  property  in  America  being  confiscated  by 
the  colonies.  He  finally  established  himself  in  the 
Island  of  Jamaica,  where  he  became  a  large 
planter. 

Hia  son,  John  Hylton,  was  a  captain  in 
the  British  army,  and  resided  near  Kingston^ 
Jamaica,  near  which  point  he  was  stationed.  He 
was  the  father  of  John  S.  Hylton,  a  native  of 
county  Durham,  England,  on  the  river  Ware,  near 
Hylton  castle.  He  married  Mary  Susanna  Fry, 
and  was  an  extensive  planter  in  Jamaica,  where 
he  owned  some  five  thousand  acres  of  land  and 
sixteen  hundred  negroes.  He  removed  to  the 
United  States  about  1839,  and  purchased  large 
tracts  of  land  at  Comus  Hill,  on  Pensaukin  Creek, 
Camden  CVuiuty,  N.  J.  There  he  passed  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life,  engaged  in  bucolic  and  agricul- 
tural pursuits,  and  in  the  cultivationof  a  fine  liter- 
ary taste.  He  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  various 
leading  magazines  and  periodicals  in  both  England 
and  America.  His  children  are  Dr.  J.  Dunbar 
Hylton;  William  R.  Hylton,  residing  near  Camden  ; 
Dr.  Reginald  T.  Hylton,  Nanticoke  Pa. ;  Lionel, 
residing  in  Philadelphia;  Dr.  Stanley  C.  Hylton, 


748 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


of  Philadelphia;  and  Edith  A.,  wife  of  Nicholas 
Bilger,  of  the  same  city. 

Dr.  J.  Dunbar  Hylton  was  born  on  the  Island  of 
Jamaica  March  25, 1837,  and,  on  his  mother's  side, 
is  descended  from  the  Frys,  of  Maddon's  Court, 
England,  and  the  Dunbar  family,  of  Scotland,  to 
.  which  the  great  Scottish  poet,  William  Dunbar, 
belonged.  His  early  education  was  conducted 
under  a  private  tutor.  He  was  brought  to  this 
country  when  he  was  two  years  of  age.  Subse- 
quently he  assisted  his  father  in  his  farming  pur- 
suits, and  then,  having  been  seized  with  the  gold 
fever,  he  engaged  in  gold-digging  at  Pike's  Peak. 
He  next  entered  the  employ  of  the  Phoenix  Iron 
Company  for  the  purpose  of  learning  the  iron 
business,  and  after  a  time  entered  upon  the  study 
of  medicine,  under  Dr.  Henry  H.  Smith,  professor 
of  surgery  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  from 
which  institution  he  was  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Medicine  in  1866.  He  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  for  ten  years,  in  Phila- 
delphia, and  at  River  Side  and  Palmyra,  N.  J., 
and  finally  purchased  a  farm,  belonging  to  his 
father,  in  Camden  County,  and  turned  his  attention 
to  agriculture,  fruit-growing  and  mining  clays.  At 
the  present  time  he  owns  about  two  hundred  and 
seven  acres  of  land  in  Stockton  township  and 
Burlington  County,  containing  clay  and  kaolin 
deposits,  varying  in  depth  from  eight  to  thirty-two 
feet,  which  he  readily  disposes  of  to  the  rolling- 
mills,  fire-brick  works  and  foundries  of  this 
country  and  Cuba,  and  is  also  engaged  in  every 
branch  of  agriculture,  trucking,  farming,  fruit- 
growing, and  in  the  development  and  propagating 
of  new  varieties  of  fruits  and  berries.  The  ancient 
and  picturesque  house  which  he  occupies  was 
completed  in  1775  by  Benjamin  Morgan.  This 
house  stands  on  a  high  bluff,  overlooking  the  waters 
of  the  Pensaukin  Creek  and  the  Delaware  River, 
and  commands  a  fine  view  of  Philadelphia  and  the 
surrounding  country  for  miles,  and  has  been  occu- 
pied by  the  Hylton  family  for  over  forty  years. 
It  is  one  of  the  attractions  of  the  neighborhood, 
and  the  doctor,  with  his  genial  hospitality,  occu- 
pying this  antique  abode,  and  surrounded  by  his 
well-tilled  fields  and  his  small  army  of  laborers, 
reminds  one  strikingly  of  the  planters  of  the  South 
in  the  days  before  the  war.  Inheriting  strong 
literary  taste  and  ability,  like  Horace,  he  finds  time, 
apart  from  his  bucolic  pursuits,  to  dally  with  the 
muses,  and  each  winter  sees  from  his  pen  some 
new  gem  added  to  the  list  of  the  successful  and 
popular  works  of  the  day.  His  talent  runs  chiefly 
in  the  direction  of  the  ideal  and  imaginative,  and 
manifests  itself  in  verse.     Among  the  volumes  that 


he  has  published  are,—"  Lays  of  Ancient  Times" 
(1857),  "  Voices  from  the  Rocky  Mountains  " 
(1862),  "Praisidicide"  (1865),  "The  Bride  of 
Gettysburg"  (1878),  "Betrayed"  (1880),  "The 
Heir  of  Lyolynn"  (1883),  "Above  the  Grave" 
(1884),  "  Artiloise,  or  the  Weeping  Castle"  (1885), 
and  others  are  soon  to  follow. 

Dr.  Hylton's  versification  is  strong  and  rythmi- 
cal, and  the  flow  of  thought  regular  and  entertain- 
ing. His  works  find  a  ready  sale,  and  have  won 
for  him  a  place  among  the  successful  litirateurs  of 
the  country.  He  married.  May  31, 1865,  Miss  Emma 
Denckla  Silvis,  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Emily 
T.  (Renfrew)  Silvis,  of  Philadelphia,  and  has  had  a 
family  of  seven  boys,  of  whom  only  J.  Dunbar 
Hylton,  Jr.,  survives. 

Benjamin  Morgan,  a  great-grandson  of  Alex- 
ander, a  descendant  of  Griffith  Morgan,  before 
1800,  became  the  possessor  of  a  large  tract  of  land 
on  Coopers  Creek,  below  the  old  Champion  tract, 
and  above  what  is  now  the  Browning  farm.  He 
married  Mary  Champion,  and  settled  upon  the 
place.  His  son  Joseph  married  Margaret,  a  daugh- 
ter of  John  Browning.  Of  his  daughters,  Mary 
became  the  wife  of  Isaac  Mickle;  Rachel,  of  Rich- 
ard M.  Hugg  ;  another  became  the  wife  of  Jacob 
Roberts. 

The  families  of  Rudderow  in  this  region  of 
country  sprang  from  John  Rudderow,  a  native  of 
England,  who  emigrated  about  1680  and  settled  at 
Chester,  in  Burlington  County,  N.  J.,  between  the 
north  and  south  branches  of  the  Pensaukin  Creek. 
He  died  in  1729  and  left  the  land  to  his  son,  John 
Rudderow,  who  died  in  1769  and  devised  it  by  will 
to  his  son  William,  who,  in  1758,  married  Abigail, 
the  daughter  of  Thomas  Spicer,  Jr.,  son  of  Thomas, 
grandson  of  Samuel.  At  this  time  William  Rud- 
derow was  living  on  his  paternal  estate  with  his 
father,  where  he  continued  for  eight  years  after  his 
marriage,  and  where  eight  of  their  children  were 
horn.  In  1782  they  moved  from  the  forks  of  Pen- 
saukin to  the  property  of  Rebecca  Spicer,  her 
mother  then  living  on  her  estate,  which  em- 
braced a  tract  of  over  four  hundred  acres,  in  the 
centre  of  which  Merchantville  stands,  and  in  which 
Abigail,  the  wife  of  William,  had  an  interest. 
This  property  was  in  possession  of  Thomas  Spicer, 
Sr.,  before  1717,  as  in  that  year  it  was  surveyed  by 
Thomas  Sharp  ;  a  piece  of  land  later  known  as 
Coopers  Woods  was  included  in  the  tract.  Upon 
this  tract  Thomas  Spicer,  Sr.,  erected  a  house  soon 
after  1717,  which  evidently  was  occupied  as  a  tene- 
ment, and  in  a  re-survey  made  in  1735  it  is 
mentioned  as  the  residence  of  Alexander  McCloud. 
It  stood  on  the  site  of  the  present  residence  of  ex- 


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THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  STOCKTON. 


749 


Senator  Alexander  G.  Cattell.  John  Rudderow, 
son  of  William  and  Abigail,  married  in  1782,  and 
in  1792  moved  in  the  old  house  to  which,  in  1804, 
he  built  a  large  addition,  two  stories  high,  twenty 
by  sixty  feet,  of  sawed  white  oak  timber  laid  like 
a  log  house  and  dove-tailed  at  the  corners.  This 
house  stood  until  1852,  when  it  was  torn  down 
and  replaced  by  the  present  residence.  The  old 
part,  in  1806,  was  moved  and  made  into  a  barn. 

About  1733  Thomas  Spicer,  Sr.,  erected  a  one- 
story  and  a  half  house,  with  dormer  windows,  also 
of  white  oak  timber,  on  that  portion  of  the  estate 
now  owned  by  Joseph  Hollinshead.  A  part  of  the 
old  house  is  still  standing,  and  is  in  the  township 
of  Delaware,  while  the  part  later  erected,  adjoining 
is  in  Stockton,  the  township  line  passing  through 
the  house.  This  house  was,  prior  to  1782,  known 
as  Cherry  Tree  Tavern,  and  from  that  time  to  1808 
as  the  home  of  William  Rudderow.  It  was  then 
occupied  for  a  number  of  years  by  William,  son  of 
John  Rudderow. 

Rebecca  Rudderow  survived  her  husband  many 
years,  and  died  at  the  age  of  eighty-three  years. 
Their  children  were  John,  William  and  Thomas. 
John  settled  upon  the  farm,  and  in  1792  moved 
into  the  house  above  mentioned.  He  married,  in 
1782,  Jerusha  Inskip,  by  whom  he  had  children, — 
William,  Benjamin,  Samuel,  Thomas,  Sarah,  Abi- 
gail, Hope  and  Jerusha.  The  daughters  lived  in 
Camden.  William  and  Benjamin  lived  on  the  old 
homestead  property.  Samuel  settled  on  the  origi- 
nal Rudderow  estate,  on  the  north  side  of  Pensau- 
kin  Creek,  opposite  his  uncle's,  who  had  settled 
previously  on  the  south  side. 

Jerusha,  the  wife  of  John  Rudderow,  died,  and 
he  married  as  a  second  wife,  Anna  Lacony,  by 
whom  he  had  children,— John,  Ezra,  Amos,  Joel, 
Anna,  Susan,  Emily  and  Jane.  John  died  about 
1864.  Ezra  was  a  captain  on  the  river  steamer 
"  Farmer,"  and  was  killed  by  an  accident.  Amos 
bought  part  of  the  home  estate  and  resided  there, 
and  sold  the  farm  in  parcels  from  1856  to  1858. 
From  1861  to  1878  he  was  treasurer  of  the  West 
Jersey  Ferry  Company ;  he  now  resides  in  Mer- 
chantville.  Joel  studied  for  the  ministry  and  en- 
tered the  Episcopal  Church,  and  is  now  rector  of 
a  parish,  "The  Gabs,"  in  Montgomery  County. 

William  Rudderow,  son  of  William,  settled  on 
a  tract  of  land  on  the  south  side  of  Pensaukin 
Creek  and  on  the  main  road,  where  he  died,  and 
left  two  sons,— Richard  and  Josiah— who  also  lived 
and  died  upon  the  tract.  After  the  death  of  the 
latter  the  farm  was  sold. 

Thomas,  a  brother  of  John  and  William,  also 
settled  on  Pensaukin  Creek,  adjoining  his  brother 


William,  where  he  died  and  left  two  sons, — Jacob 
and  Benjamin.  Miss  Jerusha  Rudderow,  a  daughter 
of  John  Rudderow  by  the  first  wife,  died  in  1884, 
and  in  1885  a  hundred  acres  of  land  were  sold,  and 
which  had  not  been  transferred  by  deed  since  its 
sale  to  Samuel  Spicer — a  period  of  two  hundred 
years.  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson,  Dr.  Charles  H. 
Shivers  and  Mrs.  Gustavus  M.  Murray,  all  of  Had- 
donfield,  are  children  of  Mrs.  Anne  Shivers, 
daughter  of  John  Rudderow. 

Humphrey  Day  came  to  the  settlement  along 
the  river  and  creek  when  a  young  man,  and  in 
1737  he  was  keeping  a  ferry  and  a  tavern,  probably 
where  John  Champion  had  a  ferry  in  1702,  as  in 
that  year  he  was  assessed  upon  the  business  twenty 
shillings.  He  was  a  neighbor  of  the  Woods,  Spicers 
and  Nicholsons.  He  and  his  wife,  Jane,  who  died 
in  1760,  were  buried  in  the  St.  Mary's  church-yard 
at  Colestown.  He  lived  on  the  north  side  of 
Coopers  Creek,  on  land  lately  owned  by  the 
Shivers  family.  Their  daughter  Rebecca  married 
Thomas  Spicer,  Jr.,  who  owned  four  hundred  and 
ten  acres,  the  site  of  Merchantville  and  surround- 
ing it. 

The  Fish  family  in  the  township  are  descended 
from  the  Swedish  settlers.     Justa  Fish  is  the  first 
of  whom  anything  is  known.     He  was  a  constable 
in  Chester  township,  Burlington  County,  in  1698. 
Isaac  Fish,  probably  a  son,  in  1762,  was  in  posses- 
sion of  a  large  tract  of  land  and  the  fishery  above 
Pea  Shore  and  on  the  river-front.  He  had  children, 
— Charles,  who  married  Rachel  Browning ;  Benja- 
min; Jeremiah;  Ann,  who  married  Samuel  Rud- 
derow ;  Keturah,  who  became  the  wife  of  Jacob 
Stone ;    Eunice,   who   married  William   Horner ; 
Susannah,  Daniel  Stoy ;  Rachel,  Josiah  Rudderow  ; 
and  Elizabeth,  Adam  Baker  Evaul.     Charles  Pish 
lived  at  the  place  many  years,  but  in  time  it  came 
into  the  possession  of  Benjamin,  who,  about  1843, 
sold  it  to  Samuel  Browning,  whose  son  Eli  now  is 
in  possession,  while  the  property  is  still  owned  by 
Sarah  Browning's  heirs,  of  whom  he  is  one.     The 
children    mentioned    above    are    by   two    wives. 
Jeremiah  Fish,  one  of  the  sons  of  Isaac,  came  into 
possession  of  the  farm  on  the  river-front — part  of 
the  original  one  hundred  acres.   Samuel  Coles  sold 
to  Henry  Wood,  and  which  later  came  to  Joseph 
Nicholson.      Jeremiah    Fish,    in     1830,    sold    to 
William  Horner,  his  brother-in-law,  who  lived  and 
died  there.     It  passed  to  Lemuel  Horner,  a  son  of 
William,  who  now  owns  the  property.    The  old 
Wood-Spicer  buryingground  is  on  this  farm,  and 
Pavonia  and    the  Camden  Water- Works  are  ad- 
joining. 

The  Homers  are  descended  from  the  Swedish 


750 


HISTOKY  OP  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JEKSEY. 


settlers,  and  prior  to  1739  Bartholomew  Horner 
purchased  a  large  tract  of  land  of  John  Gill,  now 
in  Delaware  township,  near  the  head  of  the  old 
Swett  Pond.  It  passed  to  his  son  Jacob,  and  was 
retained  in  the  family  until  after  1800.  The  family 
were  connected  by  marriage  with  the  Stokes, 
Thackaras,  Matlacks  and  Kays.  Early  in  the  pres- 
ent century  Merritt,  David  and  Joseph  Horner  were 
living  in  the  township,  well  advanced  iu  years. 
Merritt  resided  a  short  distance  north  of  Merchant- 
ville,  on  the  farm  still  owned  by  his  descendants. 
His  children  were  Beulah  (married  Thomas  P. 
Clements,  Ann  (married  John  Stow),  Miriam 
(married  Benjamin  Fish),  Mary  Ann  (married  John 
Horn),  William,  Marion  and  Joel.  William  mar- 
ried Eunice  Fish,  and  in  1830  bought  the  farm 
now  known  as  the  Lemuel  Horner  farm,  where  he 
lived  and  died.  His  son  Lemuel  also  resided  there. 
It  has  recently  been  sold  to  Alfred  Cramer,  and 
will  be  laid  out  into  lots.  The  old  house  upon  the 
property  was  built  in  1765  by  some  of  the  Woods 
or  Spicers,  and  is  yet  in  good  condition.  Marion 
Horner,  son  of  Merritt,  settled  on  the  homestead 
of  his  father  and  died  there.  The  property  is 
owned  by  his  family. 

Joseph  Horner,  brother  of  Merritt  and  David, 
settled  on  the  old  Burlington  road,  southwest  of 
the  Sorrel  Horse  tavern.  He  had  three  sons, — 
Joel,  Asa  and  Thomas  C.  The  latter  settled  in 
Camden ;  Asa  P.  remained  on  the  homestead  and 
died  there ;  Joel  lived  on  the  farm  adjoining. 
They  were  both  judges  of  the  courts  of  Camden 
County  and  freeholders  of  the  township  for  several 
years. 

David  Horner  settled  on  a  farm  east  of  his 
brother  Merritt,  and  now  owned  by  John  S.  Collins, 
where  he  died.  His  children  were  Mary  (married 
James  Adams),  Elizabeth  (married  William  Hinch- 
man),  Isaac,  Benjamin,  John  and  Merritt.  Ben- 
jamin settled  on  the  homestead;  the  others  in 
Camden. 

The  family  of  Brownings,  which  has  for  many 
years  been  prominent  in  the  county  in  agriculture, 
law,  ferries  and  other  occupations,  all  sprang  from 
one  John  G.  Browning,  who  came  from  Holland  to 
this  country  before  1752.  The  name  is  of  English 
origin,  and  the  emigrant  was  doubtless  a  descend- 
ant of  one  of  the  family  connected  by  its  branches 
with  the  great  mercantile  interests  for  which  Hol- 
land was  noted.  He  was  married  in  this  region 
of  West  Jersey,  at  some  place  not  known,  Decem- 
ber 12,  1752,  to  Catherine  Baker,  and  settled  on 
the  Delaware,  within  the  limits  of  Camden  County. 
They  had  eleven  children,  of  whom  Philip  Jacobj 
George  Adam  and  Margaret,  all  born  before  1757,' 


died  comparatively  young.  John  was  born  No- 
vember 6, 1760,  and  in  early  life  became  interested 
in  marine  service  and  ship-building,  and  failing  in 
accomplishing  his  object  in  that  direction,  he  pur- 
chased a  tract  of  land  on  Alloways  Creek,  where 
he  lived  a  few  years,  and  about  1795  purchased  a 
tract  of  land  west  of  Merchantville  and  moved 
upon  it.  He  married  a  daughter  of  one  of  the 
Lawrence  family  of  East  Jersey,  by  whom  he  had 
fourteen  children,  of  whom  were  Daniel,  (who 
married  Hannah  Cole),  Benjamin,  William,  James, 
Samuel,  Eachel  (who  married  Charles  H.  Fisk), 
Margaret  (who  married  Joseph  Morgan),  Rebecca 
(who  married  Ezra  Rudderow)  and  Elizabeth  (who 

married Heulinga).     One  of  the  sons  married 

Grace  Fisk,  a  daughter  of  Isaac.  John  Browning 
married,  as  a  second  wife,  Ann  Hinchman,  by 
whom  he  had  four  children, — William  (who  mar- 
ried   Burrough),  Benjamin  (who  married  Re- 
becca Troth,  a  daughter  of  Jacob),  Isaac  (who 
married  Sarah  Starn)  and  Jane  (who  became  the 
wife  of  Charles  Starn)  ;  the  latter  is  a  large  fruit- 
grower in  the  vicinity. 

John  Browning,  May  30,  1801,  bought  one  hun- 
dred acres  of  land,  part  of  the  Spicer  land,  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  township,  near  the  Moorestown 
road  of  Joel  Gibbs.  The  property  was  sold  by  the 
Spicers  in  1765,  and  came  to  Thomas  Holmes, 
who  by  will  left  it,  May  27,  1783,  to  his  son 
William,  who,  in  1800,  sold  it  to  Joel  Gibbs.  In 
October,  1805,  John  Browning  purchased  twenty- 
one  acres  of  land,  on  the  west  side  of  the  main 
branch  of  Pensaukin  Creek,  of  Joshua  Ostler. 
Isaac  Browning  lives  upon  the  home  tract  west  ot 
Merchantville.  Others  of  the  family  settled  in 
township. 

George  Browning,  next  younger  than  John, 
was  born  in  1763,  and  moved  to  Burlington  County, 
where  he  settled.  Abraham,  a  younger  son,  was 
born  February  25,  1769,  and  about  1798  married 
Beulah  Genge,  a  native  of  Gloucester  County. 
He  purchased  one  hundred  acres  of  land  on  the 
bank  of  Coopers  Creek,  above  the  Spicer  lands  and 
below  the  Champion  tract.  It  formerly  was  in 
possession  of  the  Shivers  family,  but  was  not 
the  original  Shivers  tract,  as  that  was  in  Delaware 
township.  Abraham  Browning  settled  at  the  place 
mentioned,  and  later  purchased  two  hundred  acres, 
adjoining  and  below  on  the  creek,  of  Mr.  Bonnell. 
The  Marlton  pike  passes  through  the  property, 
which  is  yet  in  the  family.  About  1800  Abraham 
Browning  established  the  ferry  at  the  foot  of  Mar- 
ket Street,  Camden,  which  was  known  as  the  Brown- 
ing Ferry  until  it  was  chartered  in  1849  as  the  West 
Jersey  Ferry,    It  was  retained  in  the  family  until 


THE  TOWNSHTP  OF  STOCKTON. 


751 


a  few  years  since.  Abraham  Browning  died  Sep  ■ 
tember  11,  1836,  and  his  wife  in  1863.  They  are 
both  buried  in  the  Colestown  church-yard.  Their 
children  were  George,  Eleanor,  John,  Catharine, 
Rebecca,  Abraham,  Genge,  Maurice,  Charles,  Ed- 
ward, Benjamin  B.  (who  died  in  infancy),  George 
B.  and  Benjamin  F.,  of  whom  Eleanor,  Rebecca, 
Abraham  and  Maurice  only  are  living.  Abraham 
and  Maurice  were  largely  interested  in  Camden, 
where  some  account  of  them  will  be  found  in  con- 
nection with  the  professions  and  enterprises  in 
which  they  were  engaged.  Maurice  Browning  is 
now  the  manager  of  the  Browning  estate  in  this 
township. 

Isaac  Browning,  the  youngest  son  of  John 
George,  was  born  December  1,  1775,  and  settled  in 
Gloucester  township,  at  the  mouth  of  Timber 
Creek,  where  he  lived  and  died. 

The  ancestors  of  the  family  of  Starn,  in  this 
country,  was  Conrad  Starn,  who  had  two  sons, — 
Abner  and  Andrew.  The  latter  resided  in  Phila- 
delphia. Abner  settled  near  Haddonfield,  and  had 
five  sons, — Joseph,  Benjamin,  Charles,  Samuel  and 
John, — of  whom  Benjamin  remained  on  the  home- 
stead, and  Joseph  and  Samuel  moved  to  what  is 
now  Stockton  township  where  they  rented  farms. 
Late  in  life  Joseph  Starn  purchased  one  of  the 
Rudderow  farms,  now  part  of  the  borough  of  Mer- 
chantville,  but  died  before  moving  thereon.  His 
sons  were  Elwood,  Josiah,  Charles  W.  and 
Joseph  A.  Charles  W.  Starn,  in  1861,  purchased 
a  farm  of  John  Lawrence,  part  of  the  old  Ostler 
tract.  He  had  for  several  years  previously  carried 
on  market  gardening,  but  at  once  began  to  set  out 
the  farm  to  fruit-trees,  and  at  present  has  two 
.thousand  five  hundred  apple-trees,  one  thousand 
pear-trees,  six  thousand  cherry-trees,  six  thousand 
peach-trees  and  twenty-five  acres  of  blackberries, 
and  has  settled  conclusively  that  this  part  of  New 
Jersey  is  well  adapted  to  the  culture  of  fruits. 

On  the  property  now  owned  by  Joseph  Evaul, 
Nathan  and  Hannah  Evans  erected  a  stone  house 
in  1797.  It  later  came  into  possession  of  William 
Browning,  who,  about  1815,  sold  it,  with  the  prop- 
erty of  Jacob  Evaul's  heirs,  to  Jacob  Evaul,  Sr., 
bvwhom  it  came  to  his  sons,  Joseph  and  Jacob. 
The  Evauls  are  descended  from  the  early  Swedish 
settlers,  who  remained  along  the  river  after  the 
title  passed  to  the  Proprietors.  Adam  Baker 
Evaul  married  Elizabeth   Fish  and   settled  in  the 

^'jThn  Walker  came  from  "  Old  Market,"  Eng- 
land —the  first  of  the  name  in  this  region— in 
I677' and  soon  after  bought  land  in  what  is' now 
Stockton  township.    He  had  two  children,— John 


and  Catharine.  The  latter  married  George  Hors- 
fielder,  to  whom  John,  her  father,  in  1710,  con- 
veyed one  hundred  and  five  acres  on  Pensaukin 
Creek.  Horsfielder  sold  it  in  1712  to  John  Walker, 
Jr.,  brother  of  his  wife,  who,  in  1713,  sold  it  to 
Philip  Wallace,  who  had  married  his  daughter 
Sarah.  Their  children  married  into  the  families 
of  Gibbs,  Atkinson,  Lacony,  Morgan,  Toy,Lippin- 
cott  and  others.  Sarah  married  Joseph  Morgan, 
who  lived  on  the  old  Morgan  estate ;  Patience 
married  James  Toy  ;  Thomas  married  Hope  Lip- 
pincott.  Others  intermarried  with  families  of 
Atkinson  and  Lacony.  Elizbeth  Fish  married 
Samuel  Wallace,  son  of  Thomas;  Ann  Wallace, 
daughter  of  Thomas,  married  Benjamin  Rudderow. 
Joseph  and  Samuel  Osier,  in  the  time  of  the 
Revolution,  owned  land  north  of  the  land  Samuel 
Burroughs  bought  of  Jacob  Spicer  and  east  of 
Jordantown  and  on  the  south  branch  of  Peasaukin 
Creek.  Joseph  died  before  1787,  as  in  that  year 
his  land,  consisting  of  four  hundred  acres,  was 
divided  between  his  children — Davis,  Joseph,  Eliza- 
beth (Mrs.  Rudderow),  Samuel,  Jeremiah,  Sarah, 
Joshua,  Owen,   John   and  William. 

Major  John  Osier,  a  surveyor  and  a  leading 
man  in  St.  Mary's  Church,  at  Colestown,  in  1815 
sheriff  of  Gloucester  County,  owned  a  farm  west 
of  the  Osier  lands,  now  owned  by  Joseph  Horn. 
The  fruit  farm  of  Charles  W.  Starn  is  a  part  of  the 
old  Osier  tract. 

Benjamin  Osier,  son  of  John,  purchased  a  tract 
of  land  of  Mrs.  Mary  Morgan,  part  of  the  Morgan  ' 
lands,  and  died  there.     His  sons,  Edward  J.  and 
Davis  S.,  now  reside  upon  it. 

The  family  of  Stones  was  at  one  time  numerous 
in  the  township,  on  the  old  Spicer  land,  near  the 
river,  near  the  Lemuel  Horner  farm.  They  were 
of  Swedish  origin  and  probably  came  from  the  ad- 
joining Swedish  settlements,  as  they  were  not  orig- 
inal settlers.  John  Stone,  the  flr.st  of  whom  any- 
thing is  learned,  married,  first,  Mary  Walker, 
daughter  of  David  Walker,  son  of  John  Walker, 
Jr.  Their  children  were  Rebecca,  who  married 
Archibald  Campbell;  Elizabeth,  who  married 
Joseph  Hudson  ;  Phebe,  who  became  the  wife  of 
John  Stow ;  Abigail,  of  Isaac  Middleton ;  Jerusha 
of  Edward  Toole;  Margaret,  of  Mathew  Miller; 
and  sons,  Joshua  and  William.  Thomas  Stone 
also  was  an  owner  of  land  in  the  vicinity. 

Bethel  Methodist  Church.^— In  the  year 
1813  George  Horn,  formerly  of  Hanover  Furnace, 
N  J  builUhe  dwelling-house  on  the  Moorestown 
turnpike,  known  as  the  Homestead,  where  William 
Horn  now  lives,  near  the  present  Dudley  station. 

1  By  the  Bey.  S.  Townaend. 


752 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Soon  after  this,  perhaps  the  same  year,  the  Method- 
ists from  Camden,  by  invitation  of  Mr.  Horn, 
commenced  holding  meetings  there.  He  was  not 
then  a  member  of  church,  but  became  such  soon 
after.  In  the  year  1815  a  class  was  formed  there 
and  he  was  appointed  leader.  There  had  been  a 
class  formed  in  the  neighborhood  some  years  be- 
fore, either  in  a  private  house  or  in  the  old  school- 
house  near  by,  led  by  one  John  Peak,  of  Stone 
Meeting-House ;  but  this  had  gone  down  before 
the  class  was  formed  at  Father  Horn's. 

Among  the  first  local  preachers  and  exhorters 
who  preached  at  his  house  were  Riley  Barrett, 
Andrew  Jenkins,  David  Duffel  and  others  from 
Camden ;  and  later,  John  P.  Curtis,  from  near 
Haddonfield.  Among  the  itinerant  preachers 
who  preached  there  were  Sylvester  Hill,  Rob- 
ert Sutton — he  came  to  fill  Mr.  Hill's  place 
and  died  while  on  the  circuit.  Also,  Joseph 
Rusling,  Joseph  Lybrand,  Daniel  Fidler,  David 
Best,  David  Dailey,  Jacob  Gruber  and  Wes- 
ley Wallace;  these  last  were  on  the  circuit  to- 
gether. Father  Bcehm,  of  precious  memory,  was 
on  the  circuit  in  1827  and  1828.  Also,  Ezekiel 
Cooper  often  came  out  from  Philadelphia  and 
preached  and  sometimes  stayed  three  or  four  days. 
At  one  time  he  brought  Bishop  George  out  with 
him,  who  stayed  all  night  there.- 

The  first  class  was  formed  by  Rev.  Mr.  Van 
Schoik,  who  then  had  charge  of  the  circuit,  which 
was  called  Burlington  Circuit.  In  somewhat  later 
years  the  appointment  was  connected  with  Cam- 
den Circuit,  and  the  preachers  were  Rev.  D.  W. 
Bartine,  W.  W.  Foulks,  William  Williams,  Joseph 
Ashbrook  and  others.  Meetings  were  held  here 
all  along  the  years,  even  up  to  1844,  though  not 
so  frequently  as  at  first. 

About  the  year  1830  meetings  were  commenced 
in  the  Stone  School-house,  often  called  Union 
School-house,  on  the  Burlington  turnpike,  five 
miles  from  Camden,  and  only  a  few  feet  from  where 
the  Brick  School-house  now  stands.  A  class  was 
formed  here  and  the  local  preachers  from  Camden 
and  elsewhere  preached  first  on  Sabbath  days  and 
the  itinerant  preachers  week  evenings  till,  about 
1838,  they  commenced  preaching  there  on  Sabbath 
morning  and  at  Moorestown  in  the  afternoon. 
The  circuit  was  atone  time,  say  from  1838  to  1842 
called  Haddonfield  Circuit,  then  Moorestown  Cir- 
cuit, and  afterward  Bethel  was  connected  only 
with  Palmyra  and  finally  stood  as  an  appointment 
alone.  We  have  no  means  of  knowing  the  bound- 
aries of  the  old  Burlington  and  Camden  Circuits 
though  we  have  reason  to  believe  they  were  very 
large ;  but  the  Haddonfield   Circuit  included  the 


following  appointments  :  Coopertown  (near  where 
Beverly  now  stands),  Bridgeboro',  Asbuiy  (now 
Cinnaminsou),  Union  School-house  (now  Bethel), 
Moorestown,  Haddonfield,  Greenland,  Blackwood- 
town,  Long-a-Coming  (now  Berlin),  Waterford, 
Jackson,  New  Freedom  and  Gibbsboro'.  There 
were  only  two  preachers  on  those  thirteen  appoint- 
ments, giving  preaching  by  the  itinerant  preachers 
once  in  two  weeks  at  each  place,  and  the  alternate 
Sabbaths  were  supplied  by  the  local  preachers. 
As  to  salary,  the  preachers  in  charge  received 
from  three  to  four  hundred  dollars  per  year,  and 
the  junior  preacher,  who  was  generally  a  single 
man,  received  one  hundred  dollars  and  boarded 
among  the  kind  and  hospitable  friends  on  the  cir- 
cuit. The  preachers  on  the  Haddonfield  Circuit, 
commencing  with  1838,  were  as  follows :  1838, 
James  Long  and  J.  B.  McKeever  ;  1839,  J.  Long 
and  W.  A.  Brooks  ;  1840,  Nathaniel  Chew  and  S. 
Townsend;  1841,  N.  Chew  and  a  supply;  1842, 
Edward  Stout  and  C.  A.  Kingsbury ;  1843,  E. 
Stout  and  a  supply  ;  1844— i5  (then  called  Moores- 
town Circuit),  J.  J.  Sleeper  ;  1846-47,  Thomas  G. 
Steward.  Some  of  the  presiding  elders  were  as 
follows  :  From  1833  to  1837,  R.  W.  Petherbridge  ; 
from  1838  to  1841,  Thomas  Neall;  from  1842  to 
1844,  Charles  T.  Ford.  When  Bethel  appoint- 
ment was  attached  to  the  large  circuits  the  oflScial 
men  and  others  came  from  the  extreme  points  to 
the  quarterly  meetings,  in  some  cases  a  distance  of 
twenty-five  to  thirty  miles,  and  these  quarterly 
meetings  were  seasons  of  happy  reunion ;  the 
love-feasts  were  spiritual  feasts  indeed,  and  the 
presiding  elders  preached  with  much  earnestness. 
The  first  Bethel  Church  was  built  in  1844,  under 
'the  pastorate  of  Rev.  J.  J.  Sleeper.  It  was  a  frame 
church,  thirty-two  feet  wide  by  forty-six  feet  long, 
and  one  story  high,  of  respectable  appearance  and 
good  material,  situated  on  .the  Burlington  turn- 
pike, four  miles  from  Camden.  It  is  still  remain- 
ing on  the  same  site  as  chapel  to  the  new  church 
built  in  1884. 

There  was  an  excellent  revival  of  religion  in  the 
school-house  about  the  winter  of  1843,  under  the 
labors  of  Rev.  E.  Stout.  There  was  a  great  revi- 
val in  the  winter  of  1846,  under  the  labors  of  Rev. 
T.  G.  Stewart,  in  their  new  church.  Quite  a  large 
number  were  converted,  several  of  whom  are  prom- 
inent members  of  the  church  to  this  day.  There 
was  also  a  good  revival  under  the  labors  of  Rev. 
C.  K.  Fleming,  and  another  under  the  pastorate  of 
Rev.  R.  S.  Harris  in  the  time  of  the  Civil  War, 
and  also  a  good  one  in  1833  in  the  pastorate  of 
Rev.  W.  E.  Greenbank,  besides  many  others  of 
more  or  less  power  and  extent. 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OP  STOCKTON. 


753 


The  church  has  now  about  one  hundred  and  ten 
members  and  one  hundred  scholars  in  the  Sabbath- 
school.  It  is,  taten  as  a  whole,  a  church  of  more 
than  ordinary  spirituality  and  earnestness  in 
Christian  work. 

Following  is  a  list  of  the  pastors  not  heretofore 
given,  from  1848  to  1886,  inclusive: 

Tor  1848^9.  J.  Loiidenslager  (connected  withMoorestown  Circuit). 

For  1850.  Not  ascertained  (connected  withMoorestown  Circuit). 

Tor  1861-62.  Edward  Page  (connected  witli  Moorestown  Circuit). 

Tor  1853.  L.  Herr  and  B.  F.  Woolston  (connected  witli  Moorestown 
Circuit). 

For  1864.  C.  K.  Fleming  and  D.  L.  Adams  (connected  with  Moores- 
town Circuit). 

For  185d.  C.  K.  Fleming  (connected  with  Moorestown  Circuit). 

For  1856-57.  L.  J.  Rhoads  (connected  with  Moorestown  Circuit). 

For  1858-59.  G.  0.  Maddock  (connected  with  Moorestown  Circuit) 

For  IStiO.  J.  H.  James  (connected  with  Moorestown  Circuit). 

For  1861.  C.  R.  Hartranft  (connected  with  ffi^oorestown  Circuit). 

For  1862.  J.  G.  Crate  (Bethel  and  Moorestown).  ^ 

For  1863.  J.  I.  Corson  (Palmyra  and  Bethel). 

For  1864-65.  R.  S.  Harris  (first  year  Palmyra  and  Bethel,  second 
year  Bethel  only). 

For  1866-67.  L.  Larew  (Bethel  only>. 

For  1868-69.  T.  D.  Sleeper  (Bethel  only). 

For  1870-71.  W.  Beeves  (Bethel  only). 

For  1872-73-74.  Enoch  Green  (Bethel  only). 

For  1875.  J.  B.  Turpin. 

For  1876-77-78.  M.  C.  Stokes. 

For  1879-80.  C.  F.  Garrison. 

Forl881.  A.  K.  Street. 

For  1882-83-84.  W.  E.  Greenbank. 

For  188i-86.  S.  Townsend. 

Schools. — Stockton  township  contained  three 
school-houses  as  early  as  1800.  One  of  stone, 
built  in  1795,  and  known  as  the  "  Union  School- 
House,"  was  situated  on  the  old  Burlington  road 
about  one  and  a  half  miles  east  from  the  Sorrel 
Horse  tavern.  A  log  house  also  stood  on  the 
same  road,  near  the  head  of  Woods  Creek,  or 
Baldwins  Run,  and  its  site  is  now  in  the  town  of. 
Dudley.  Another  stood  on  the  land  of  Ben- 
jamin Morgan,  on  the  line  of  the  Camden  and 
Marlton  pike.  It  was  known  over  fifty  years  ago 
as  the  Greenville  School-house,  and  the  name  still 
clings  to  it.  Near  this  house  is  a  small  Episco- 
pal chapel. 

In  May,  1838,  Eichard  Stafford,  Joseph  Porter 
and  Benjamin  W.  Cooper  were  school  commission- 
ers of  Waterford  township,  embracing  what  is  now 
Waterford,  Delaware  and  Stockton  townships,  and 
in  accordance  with  a  school  law  recently  passed, 
divided  the  township  into  ten  districts,  giving  the 
boundaries  of  each.  The  taxable  inhabitants  of 
each  district  were  requested  to  meet  at  the  school- 
houses  and  choose  directors.  The  following  are  the 
school-houses  designated  as  meeting-places  and  the 
districts  to  which  they  belonged  : 

District  No.   1,   Union  School-House. 

District  No.  2,  Abel  Curtis  School-House  (afterwards  Bosendale 
District). 

91 


District.  Name. 

3-  Union 

4  Rcsendale 

6  Greenville 

43  Wrightsville 


District  No.  3,  Morgan's  School-House. 
District  No.  4,  EUisburg  School.House. 
District  No.  6,  Horner's  School-House. 
District  No.  6,  Stokes'  School-House. 
District  No.  7,  at  meeting-house  at  Borton's  Mill. 
District  No.  8,  school-house  at  Loag-a-Oomlng. 
District  No.  9,  school-house  at  Jackson's  Works. 
District  No.  10,  school-house  at  Waterford  Works. 

Districts  Nos.  1,  2  and  3,  were  within  the  limits  of 
what  is  now  Stockton  township.  The  township  at 
present  is  divided  into  four  districts,  three  of  which 
are  nearly  the  same  as  those  of  1838.  Following 
are  the  names  of  districts,  value  of  school  prop- 
erty and  number  of  pupils  in  attendance : 

Value  of  prop.  No.  of  children. 

$3000         155 

3700         257 

2000  68 

2500         161 

Early  Taverns. — The  first  tavern  within  the 
limits  of  Stockton  township  was  kept  by  Humph- 
rey Day,  in  1733.  He  owned  the  property  which 
in  later  years  was  owned  by  the  Shivers,  on  Coop- 
ers Creek.  There  is  a  doubt  of  the  exact  locality 
of  the  ferry.  It  may  have  been  the  John  Cham- 
pion ferry,  on  the  Barton  farm,  on  the  line  of 
Delaware  township,  or  he  may  have  kept  for  a  short 
time  the  Spicer  ferry. 

There  is  a  dim  tradition  of  the  "  Cherry  Tree 
Tavern,"  but  few  facts  can  be  obtained  as  to  who 
kept  it.  It  was  located  on  what  is  now  known  as 
the  Colestown  or  Church  road,  and  on  the  Thomas 
Spicer  property,  built  by  Thomas  Spicer  about 
1733,  and  is  said  to  have  been  used  as  a  tavern 
until  1782,  when  William  Eudderow,  son-in-law  of 
Thomas  Spicer,  moved  to  the  place  and  resided 
until  his  death,  in  1808'.  The  property  now  belongs 
to  Joseph  HoUinshead  and  the  line  of  Stockton  and 
Delaware  townships  passes  through  his  house.  That 
part  of  the  house  which  is  in  Delaware  township  is 
the  old  "  Cherry  Tree  Tavern." 

Among  the  old  papers  of  Thomas  Spicer  was 
found,  a  few  years  ago,  an  account  for  a  trifling 
sum,  which  was  receipted,  and  on  the  back  of  it 
was  an  order,  in  Spicer's  hand-writing,  to  the  land- 
lord, evidently  to  give  the  bearer  a  mug  of  beer. 

About  1800,  and  perhaps  earlier,  a  house  was 
erected  on  the  Moorestown  road  and  on  the  Ostler 
property,  which  was  used  as  a  tavern  and  had  for 

its  sign  a  half-moon.     It  was  kept  by Cattell 

and  Warrick^  and  about  1825  came  into  pos- 
session of  Charles  Buzby,  who  changed  its  name  to 
the  "Spread Eagle"  and  kept  it  several  years.  He 
sold  to  William  Hinchman,  who,  about  1846,  sold 
the  property  to  John  Vernier,  who  kept  it  until  his 
death,  about  1876.  The  Sorrel  Horse  Tavern  was 
opened  early  in  the  century  and  in  1807  was  kept 


754 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


by  William  Vansoiver,  and  later  by  his  son  Jon- 
athan and  grandson  Augustus  and  John  Lawrence, 
who  was  succeeded  by  his  son  Jacob,  and  at  pres- 
ent by  the  widow  of  the  latter. 

Old  Breweries. — On  the  old  Burlington  road, 
now  the  Oainden  and  Westfield  turnpike,  where  it 
crosses  Pensaukin  Creek,  about  1851,  Budd  & 
Comly  erected  a  frame  building,  about  forty  by 
eighty  feet,  for  the  purpose  of  a  brewery.  They 
conducted  a  large  business,  and  in  connection  had 
at  one  time  five  thousand  hogs,  which  were  fed 
from  the  grain  after  it  was  malted.  The  business 
was  abandoned  about  1863.  In  1866  the  building 
was  fitted  by  Eeed  &  Sheldon  as  a  grist-mill,  and 
later  operated  by  Sheldon  &  Brother,  who  sold  to 
Middleton  &  Brother,  and  it  finally  came  to  the 
possession  of  Dory  Middleton,  who  now  owns  it. 

Fisheries.  —  The  fisheries  along  the  river- 
front in  the  township  extended  from  Cooper  Creek 
to  the  Second  Cove  road.  The  first  was  operated 
by  the  Woods  and  before  1790  was  owned  by  Sam. 
Cooper,  who  also  came  into  possession  of  the 
fishery  as  far  up  the  river  as  the  Pea  Shore  Com- 
pany's land,  which  w'as  left  to  his  son  Benjamin, 
and  by  him,  in  1842,  to  his  son,  Benjamin  W.,  who, 
in  1852,  sold  the  part  in  front  of  the  tract  of  the 
Pavonia  Land  Association  with  the  land,  and 
within  the  next  year  or  two  the  fishery  from  Pa- 
vonia to  the  Cove  to  David  E.  Maddock,  whose 
heirs  still  own  it.  Later  an  exchange  of  land  was 
made  with  William  B.  Cooper,  by  which  he  came 
into  possession  of  the  lower  fishery,  which  he  later 
sold  to  Moro  Philips,  whose  heirs  are  still  in  pos- 
session. 

The  Fish  Point  Fishery  was  in  possession  of 
Isaac  Fish  in  1762,  and  later  came  to  his  son, 
Charles  Fish,  and  George  L.  Browning,  and  about 
1843  to  Samuel  Browning  and  is  now  owned  by  his 
heirs. 

Small  fisheries  along  the  river  were  owned  by 
the  Evauls  and  Morgans. 

The  fishing-grounds  along  the  Delaware  River 
in  Camden  County  are  divided  into  two  districts, 
of  which  the  northern  extends  from  Pensaukin 
Creek  to  Federal  Street.  John  McCormick  is  fish 
warden.  The  catch  for  1886,  with  the  number  of 
men  employed  and  nets  used,  are  here  given, — 

Pavonia:  David  Bennet  employs  80  men  with  a 
net  of  300  fathoms  ;  catch,  8500  shad.  From  Pen- 
saukin to  Coopers  Point,  60  gill  nets  of  10,800 
fathoms  are  used ;  20,000  shad  were  caught.  From 
Coopers  Point  to  Federal  Street,  Camden,  8  gill 
nets  were  used  and  the  catch  was  2000  shad. 

Clubs.— Tammany  Pea  Shore  Fishing  Com- 
pany,   composed  of  Philadelphians,    about    1809, 


formed  a  company  under  the  above  name  and  pur- 
chased a  few  acres  of  land  on  the  shores  of  the 
Delaware,  at  the  place  now  known  as  ''  PeaShore,'' 
on  which  they  erected  a  brick  club-house,  which 
became  a  summer  resort  for  the  members  and  their 
friends.  In  1834  the  old  house  was  remodeled  and 
again  in  1886.  The  original  members  are  mostly 
numbered  among  the  departed  and  the  few  that 
remain  are  well  advanced  in  years. 

The  Mozart  Club,  of  Philadelphia,  composed  of 
twelve  members,  about  1869,  purchased  a  plot  of 
six  acres,  containing  a  dwelling-house  lying  on  the 
river  and  near  Beideman  Station,  which  they  fitted 
up  as  a  club-house  and  grounds.  A  landing  and 
a  fine  dancing  floor  were  provided. 

The  Beideman  Club-House,  a  short  distance  be- 
low the  Mozart  Club-House,  is  leased  by  the  Beide- 
man Club  of  Philadelphia.  The  club  is  composed 
of  eight  members,  and  was  organized  October  10, 
1878.  The  grounds  were  leased  in  1879  of  the 
Beidemans  and  the  club  took  its  name  from  the 
station  near  which  it  is  situated.  The  house  is  the 
old  Ross  mansion. 

The  Sparks  Club-House,  adjoining  the  above,  is 
leased  by  the  Sparks  Club,  of  Philadelphia,  com- 
posed of  twelve  members,  who  leased  the  grounds 
in  1884 _and  fitted  up  the  house. 

Mabbett  &  Wiles' Hot-Houses. — An  interest- 
ing and  extensive  industry  is  carried  on  by 
Messrs.  Mabbett  &  Wiles  at  their  vegetable  or 
"  truck  "  farm,  where  are  located  what  are  said  to 
be  the  largest  hot-houses  in  the  United  States. 
.  They  have  twenty-eight  houses  in  all,  each  twenty- 
one  feet  in  width  and  varying  in  length  from  forty- 
eight  to  three  hundred  feet.  In  fourteen  of  these 
houses  Hamburg  grapes  are  grown  and  the  others 
are  devoted  to  a  general  line  of  hot-house  vegeta- 
bles for  which  a  market  is  found  in  New  York  and 
Philadelphia  and  other  cities  of  the  Eastern  and 
Middle  States.  The  number  of  men  employed  is 
from  ten  to  twenty-five,  according  to  the  season. 
The  enterprise  was  established  by  Truman  Mabbett 
Jr.,  in  1875,  and  Theodore  Wiles  became  a  part- 
ner in  1877.  The  firm  has  a  place  of  business  at 
130  Dock  Street,  Philadelphia. 

PAVONIA. 

This  is  the  title  of  a  land  association  which 
was  incorporated  February  11,  1852,  with  eighty- 
five  stockholders,  principally  wealthy  citizens 
of  Philadelphia.  The  company  bought  eighty 
acres  of  lawn  ground,  near  the  Delaware 
River,  from  Benjamin  W.  Cooper,  and  divided  the 
same  into  nine  hundred  and  sixty  building  lots. 
They  also  built  a  large  wharf,  at  a  cost  of  three 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  STOCKTON. 


755 


thousand   dollars,  as  the  landing  to  be  used  for 
a    ferry    connecting   with   Philadelphia  by  boat. 
The  stockholders   gradually   lost   interest  in   the 
venture  and  the  place  was    neglected  for   many 
years.     No  buildings  were  erected  by  the  associ- 
ation.    The  first  house  built  was  by  Camden  City, 
in    1854,   for   the   engineer  of  the    City    Water- 
Works.     Recently  the  place  has  received  a  new 
impetus,  through  the  eflforts  of  Alfred  Cramer, 
Esq.,   founder  of  Cramer   Hill,   who,  since  1880, 
bought  the  interests  of  the  principal  stockholders, 
and  has,  in  turn,  sold  the  lots  to  persons  who  are 
building   upon  them  and  improving  them.    The 
town  takes   its  name  from  the  land  association. 
Over  one  hundred  lots  have  been  sold,  and  the 
town  is  handsomely  laid  out  with  wide  streets  and 
is    well    provided    with    shade-trees.     The  main 
street  is  seventy  feet  wide  and  other  streets  sixty 
feet  in  width.     The  town  contains  the  Camden 
Water- Works,  reservoir   and  pumping  station,  a 
large  mansion-house  and  grounds  formerly  occu- 
pied by  Benjamin  W.  Cooper;  also  one  hotel  and 
a  few  shops.  There  are  about  fifty  neat  and  substan- 
tial dwellings,  which  are  occupied  by  the  owners, 
principally  mechanics  who  are  employed  in  Cam- 
den and  Philadelphia.     Quite  a  number  of  dwell- 
ings are  now  in  course  of  construction,  and  the 
rapid  sale  of  lots  gives  great  promise  of  improve- 
ment, both  in  number  of  buildings  and  population. 
There  are  three  old  brick  mansions  on  the  Dela- 
ware Eiver  front,  opposite  Petty's  Island,  two  of 
which  belonged  to  the  Cooper  estate  and  were 
built  many  years  ago  by  the  father  and  grandfather 
of  William  B.  Cooper,  now  a  resident  of  Camden. 
Both    of    these    buildings    are    situated   in   the 
town  of  Pavonia.     The  one  nearest  to  Camden  is  a 
large,  three-story  brick  mansion,  with  dormer  win- 
dows,  and  built  in  the  olden  style.     Upon  the 
wall  nearest  the  river,  formed  in  black  bricks,  are 
the  initials  of  the  builder  and  date  of  erection,  as 
follows : 

C 

S  P 

17  9  0 
The  house  was  built  in  1790  by  Samuel  Cooper, 
the  grandfather  of  William  B.  Cooper.  At  the 
present  time  (1886)  it  is  occupied  by  Benjamin 
Engard.  A  short  distance  east  of  this  mansion, 
and  below  the  location  of  the  celebrated  Cooper 
shad  fishery,  is  another  old  brick  mansion.  This 
mansion,  built  of  old-fashioned  bricks,  is  three 
stories  high,  or,  as  called  in  olden  style,  two  stories 
and  attic  with  dormer  windows,  and  is  nearly  as 
large  as  the  mansion  occupied  by  Benjamin   En- 


gard. When  it  was  erected  is  unknown,  but  the 
old  residents  along  the  shore  affirm  that  it  was 
built  about  1771  or  1772.  It  is  still  occupied  and 
is  in  excellent  condition,  and  the  extensive  lawn 
surrounding  it  and  extending  to  the  river-banks 
is  most  carefully  and  neatly  arranged,  surrounded 
by  large  shade-trees,  which  conceal  the  building 
from  view.  A  few  rods  distant,  on  the  high  bank, 
on  the  farm  of  Lemuel  Horner  (and  now  within 
the  boundary  of  Cramer  Hill),  is  probably  the 
oldest  mansion  erected  on  the  river-front,  in  Stock- 
ton township.  This  is  a  three-story  building, 
forty  by  twenty  feet,  built  of  old  English  brick, 
with  hip-roof  and  dormer  windows.  A  frame  ex- 
tension, two  stories  high  and  twenty  feet  square, 
was  built  on  the  west  end  in  1820,  making  the  en- 
tire front  sixty  feet .  The  brick  portion  of  the  man- 
sion was  built  at  different  periods.  Upon  the  west- 
ern wall,  in  large  figures  in  black  brick,  is  the  date 
when  built,— 1765.'  During  the  Revolution  this 
house  was  the  headquarters  of  the  Tories,  and  while 
the  British  occupied  Philadelphia  many  meetings 
and  secret  conventions  between  the  British  and 
Tories  were  held  in  it. 

The  entire  mansion  is  still  in  excellent  preserva- 
tion. The  present  proprietor,  Lemuel  Horner,  was 
born  here  in  1832  and  has  since  resided  in  the  man- 
sion, conducting  the  large  farm  belonging  to  the 
estate.  Previous  to  1882  it  was  occupied,  for 
many  years,  by  the  Wood  family.  Jeremiah  Fish 
and  the  Stone  family  also  occupied  it,  but  for  how 
long  a  time  is  unknown. 

Two  rods  distant  from  the  mansion,  and  on  the 
estate,  is  a  very  old  burial-place  of  half  an  acre  in 
extent,  surrounded  by  a  board  fence,  though 
somewhat  neglected.  It  is  known  as  the  "  Woods 
Burying-Ground."  The  remains  of  very  many  of 
the  early  settlers  are  entombed  there.  Very  many 
of  the  early  graves  are  unmarked,  or  have  only 
large  field-stones  at  the  head  and  foot,  and  on 
many  of  the  marble  slabs  still  standing  the  surface 
of  the  stone  is  chipped  and  falling  in  scales,  so 
that  the  record  cannot  be  traced.  A  few,  however, 
are  still  in  a  good  state  of  preservation,  and  one 
in  black  marble,  one  hundred  and  twenty-four 
years  old,  as  perfect,  apparently,  as  when  placed 
in  position. 

The  oldest  legible  inscription  is  In  worthy 
memory  of  Abigail,  wife  of  Samuel  Spicer,  who 
departed  Chis  life  ye  24th  April,  1762,  aged  26 
years  and  7  months."  Adjoining  is  a  slab  erected 
bv  John  Keble,  evidently  many  years  later.  To 
Jacob,  son  of  Samuel  and  Abigail  Spicer,  who 
died  September  4,  1769,  aged  24  years."  A  large 
tablet,  lying  flat,  raised  by   brick-work  about  a 


756 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


foot  from  the  ground,  was  erected  "  In  memory  of 
Abigail,  wife  of  John  Keble,  who  departed  Aug- 
ust 27,  1807,  aged  60  years  and  9  months."  Others 
are  as  follows:  Eleanor,  wife  of  John  Wessels,  died 
1798,  aged  28  years ;  John  Wessels,  died  1827,  aged 

55  years;  Henry  Wood,  died  June  18,  1814,  iiged 

56  years  and  9  months;  Hannah,  widow  of  Henry 
Wood,  died  August  23,  1856,  aged  87  years,  9 
months  ;  Zachariah  Wood,  died  May  5,  1847,  in 
his  54th  year  ;  Eldridge,  son  of  Henry  and  Han- 
nah Wood,  October  1,  1814,  in  his  eleventh  year; 
AVilliam  E.,  sou  of  Henry  and  Hannah  Wood, 
November  2,  1817,  in  his  21st  year.  The 
other  graves  are,  many  of  them,  designated  by  small 
low  head-stones,  without  inscription  or  initial. 

Pavonia  Station  is  on  the  line  of  the  Amboy 
Division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Eailroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Mount  Holly  Eailroad.  The  Burling- 
ton County  Eailroad  trains  also  stop  at  the  station. 
The  citizens  of  Pavonia,  Cramer  Hill  and  Wright- 
ville  have  easy  access  to  this  station. 

Weightsville.— The  site  of  this  town  is  on  the 
four  hundred  acre  tract  of  land  bought  by  Samuel 
Spicer  of  Samuel  Coles,  in  1687,  and  passed  to 
his  son  Thomas,  and  from  him  to  his  daughters, 
Eebecca  and  Sarah,  who  married,  respectively, 
William  FoUvell  and  Joseph  Cowperthwait,  who 
settled  at  the  place  before  the  beginning  of  the 
present  century.  The  residence  of  William  Fol- 
well  is  now  owned  and  occupied  by  Captain 
Emor  D.  French.  The  residence  of  Joseph  Cowper- 
thwait stands  on  the  east  bank  of  Coopers  Creek, 
a  short  distance  north  of  the  Federal  Street  bridge. 
It  is  still  occupied  as  a  dwelling,  but  is  quite 
dilapidated.  It  was  probably  the  residence  of 
Thomas  Spicer,  the  grandfather  of  Rebecca  and 
Sarah.  At  this  place  a  ferry  across  Coopers  Creek 
was  established  by  Samuel  Spicer,  about  1736, 
and  in  1748  an  effort  was  made  to  build  a  bridge, 
which  was  not  successful  until  1764.  The  main 
route  of  travel  then  passed  over  this  ferry  and 
bridge  from  Burlington  to  Philadelphia.  The 
locality  was  known  as  Spicers  Ferry,  and  later  as 
Spicers  Bridge. 

Between  1855  and  1873  a  number  of  dwellings 
were  built  on  Federal  Street,  near  Coopers  Creek, 
and  occupied  by  John  C.  Gray,  John  Wright' 
William  Starn,  Joseph  Folwell  and  Daniel  Bishop^ 
and  until  1874  the  village  was  called  Spicerville.' 
In  1874  John  Wright,  a  prominent  citizen  of  the 
village,  laid  out  a  large  number  of  building  lots, 
built  many  dwelling-houses  and  a  town  hall,  with 
many  other  improvements,  and  the  town  has  since 
been  called  Wrightsville.  Since  October,  1885, 
forty  new  brick  dwellings  have  been  built. 


It  contains  two  large  chemical  works,  the  Over- 
brook  Mills,  one  varnish  manufactory,  one  bleach- 
ery  and  dye  works,  two  general  stores,  two  grocery 
stores,  two  saddler  shops,  two  carriage  and  smith 
shops,  one  drug  store,  one  bakery,  one  china  store, 
one  flour,  grain  and  feed  store,  one  large  hotel  and 
a  post-office  and  ninety  to  one  hundred  private 
dwellings.  There  is  also  a  large,  substantial  three- 
story  brick  hall,  forty  by  sixty  feet  in  dimensions, 
built  by  John  Wright,  for  the  convenience  of  the 
citizens  as  a  hall  for  meetings  of  various  kinds, 
also  lodge-rooms  and  two  public  schools.  The 
Camden  transfer  offices  and  the  Stockton  Rifle 
Range  with  the  park  and  pavilion,  are  also  located 
in  Wrightsville.  The  largest  portion  of  the  town 
is  built  on  both  sides  of  Federal  Street.  The  in- 
habitants number  about  six  liundred. 

The  large  brick  hotel  in  ■  Wrightsville  was  built 
in  1877  for  George  Fifer,  but  was  leased  to  John 
L.  Smith,  who  conducted  it  until  1885,  when  it 
was  sold  to  the  present  proprietor,  John  Berge. 
The  post-office  is  located  in  the  general  store  of 
Charles  W.  Scott,  at  Twenty-first  and  Federal 
Streets,  who  is  also  the  present  postmaster.  He 
established  this  store  in  1876  ;  E.  W.  Bray  opened 
his  store  nearer  the  creek  in  1881 ;  Jonas  B. 
Clark  started  a  grocery  store  some  years  ago; 
Sharpless  &  Bro.,  have  been  established  twelve 
years  and  are  dealers  in  flour,  grain,  feed,  seeds, 
etc.  The  Wrightsville  District,  formed  from  a  part 
of  the  Rosendale  District,  has  two  schools.  There 
are  two  teachers  and  one  hundred  and  twenty 
scholars. 

Lodges.— Gyrene  Castle,  No.  8,  Knights  of  the 
Golden  Eagle,  was  instituted  on  November  26, 1885, 
with  forty-four  members.  At  the  present  time 
(1886)  there  are  one  hundred  members,  among 
whom  are  many  of  the  leading  men  of  Stockton 
township. 

The  officers  at  institution  were :  P.  C,  George 
Williams;  N.  C,  Andrew  J.  Morris;  V.  C,  F.  A. 
Buren;  H.  P.,  Frederick  Jones;  V.  H.,  David 
Ristine;  M.  of  E.,  R.  W.  Dawson;  C.  of  E., 
Howard  E.  Miller;  K.  of  E.,  George  H.  Gilbert; 
Sir  H.,  Alexander  H.  Dick.  Present  officers:  P. 
C,  Emmor  D.  French;  N.  C,  Joha  D.  Jeffries; 
V.  G,  Simmons  Watkins  ;  H.  P.,  Thomas  F.  Tay- 
lor ;  V.  H.,  Jonathan  McCardle;  M.  of  R.,  Charles 
W.  Scott;  C.  of  E.,  William  G.  Crumley;  K.  of 
E.,  Allen  Hubbs;  S.  H.,  David  Austerniuhl. 
Meets  every  Thursday  night,  at  Wright's  Hall, 
Wrightsville. 

Ionic  Lodge,  No.  2,  Shield  of  Honor,  was  insti- 
tuted in  April,  1886,  with  about  forty  members,  and 
is  increasing,  having  now  over  fifty  members. 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  STOCKTON. 


757 


The  first  physician  in  Wrightsville  was  Dr.  Philip 
Beale,  who  located  in  1879  and  removed  to 
Camden  in  1884.  Dr.  H.  H.  Sherk  is  the  only  resi- 
dent physician. 

The  Camden  Teansfek  Line  has  its  office  at 
the  corner  of  Eighteenth  and  Federal  Streets. 
Samuel  H.  French  is  the  proprietor,  and  it  was  es- 
tahlished  in  September,  1876.  There  are  two  lines 
running  from  Market  Street  Ferry,  Camden,  to 
corner  of  Twenty-fourth  and  Federal  Streets,  and 
known  as  the  Market  Street  line.  Fifty-five  horses 
and  from  twenty-five  to  thirty  men  are  constantly 
employed  in  the  running  of  a  continual  line  of 
these  coaches,  making  the  trip  every  forty 
minutes.  The  line  has  continued  without  inter- 
ruption since  first  started.  The  transfer  lines  carry 
from  eighty  to  one  hundred  thousand  excursionists 
yearly  to  Stockton  Park  and  various  places  in  the 
township.  Captain  Emmor  D.  Frenc  his  the  general 
superintendent. 

CRAMEE  HILL. 

For  many  years  previous  to  1874  that  portion 
of  Cramer  Hill  first  laid  out  into  lots  on  the 
south  was  unoccupied.  A  small  colony  of  colored 
people  had  located  to  the  northeast,  and  nearer 
the  river,  and  called  their  settlement  East 
Camden.  The  only  resident  on  South  Cramer 
Hill  was  an  old  colored  woman,  known  to  the 
residents  of  Spicersville  as  Aunt  Kosy.  She  had  a 
small  hut  on  the  hill,  and  was  in  reality  a  squatter, 
having  taken  possession  of  the  land  which  be- 
longed to  Thomas  F.  McKeen.  In  1874  Alfred 
Cramer  and  Joseph  F.  McMasters  bought  sixteen 
acres  of  McKean  and  laid  out  a  town-plat  with  two 
hundred  and  forty  building  lots,  and  that  year 
erected  the  first  house  and  store  at  what  is  now 
the  corner  of  Cooper  Street  and  Westfield  Avenue. 
Alfred  Cramer  occupied  the  dwelling,  and  early  in 
1876  the  first  Baptist  Sunday-school  in  Stockton 
township  was  organized  in  this  building.  The 
teachers  were  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Price,  Miss  Lydia 
Wright,  Miss  Sallie  Wright  and  Mrs.  Alfred 
Cramer.  In  1883  the  First  Baptist  Church  of 
Cramer  Hill  was  organized.  William  F.  Miller 
built  the  second  dwelling  house  in  1875. 

In  1876  Joseph  Cramer,  brother  of  Alfred 
Cramer,  bought  the  store  and  dwelling  and  opened 
a  general  store.  The  Sunday-school  teachers,  with 
the  assistance  of  the  Trinity  Baptist  Church  of 
Camden,  built  a  frame  Mission  Chapel  and  fitted 
it  for  school  purposes.  A  large  double  frame  house 
was  built  by  the  Eev.  Sumner  Hale,  and  two 
double  houses  were  soon  after  erected  for  Isaac 
Stone,  David  B.  Kistine,  Charles  E.  Allen  and  Al- 
fred Cramer.     Other  early  settlers  were  William 


Morse,  John  D.  Jeffries,  Henry  Stoeckle  and  Alex- 
ander Dick. 

In  1884  Joseph  M.  McMasters  was  appointed  an 
Indian  agent  and  removed  to  Nevada,  and  Alfred 
Cramer  bought  of  Joshua  E.  Jones  a  tract  of  land 
and  divided  it  into  one  hundred  and  twenty-five 
building  lots,  and  of  the  Pitman  heirs  land  for 
fifty  lots,  and  in  1885  he  bought  land  of  Samuel 
H.  French  and  laid  off  one  hundred  and  thirty-five 
lots,  and  in  the  same  year  extended  his  lines  over 
the  line  of  the  Camden  and  Amboy  Eailroad  by 
the  purchase  of  one  hundred  and  sixteen  acres  of 
farm  land  from  Lemuel  Horner,  which  he  divided 
into  sixteen  hundred  building  lots.  The  deed  for 
this  tract  contains  a  clause  preventing  the  sale  of 
intoxicating  drinks.  In  1886  he  bought  of  William 
B.  Cooper  land  for  one  hundred  and  twenty  lots 
and  other  miscellaneous  lots,  making  altogether 
three  thousand  building  lots.  Of  these,  twelve 
hundred  are  sold  to  individuals  who  have  built 
and  are  build|ng  and  improving  the  land. 

The  town-plat  is  well  laid  out;  the  avenues  and 
streets  are  graded  and  sixty  feet  wide,  with  shade- 
trees  on  each  side;  the  dwellings  are  set  back  some 
distance  from  the  street,  and  all  buildings  erected 
must  be  of  the  required  standard  ;  hence  all  the 
residences  are  well  designed  and  many  fine  build- 
ings are  now  to  he  seen  in  the  town.  Cramer 
Hill  at  this  time  (1886)  contains  one  drug  store, 
five  general  stores,  one  shoe  store,  one  printing 
house  and  a  number  ot  small  shops,  and  over  two 
thousand  inhabitants.  Joseph  Cramer  conducted 
the  first  store  in  connection  with  the  post-oiBce. 
Henry  Stoeckle  started  the  second  store  in  1883. 
There  are  four  schools,  with  about  three  hundred 
scholars. 

The  Fiest  Baptist  Church  of  Cramer 
Hill  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Cooper  and 
Master  Streets.  This  church  is  the  outgrowth  of  a 
mission  school,  which  was  organized  in  the  first 
store  built  in  Cramer  Hill,  in  1875.  For  several 
years  Clarence  Woolston,  a  student  ofBridgeton 
Seminary,  and  afterward  a  graduate  of  Crozer 
Theological  Seminary,  conducted  services  in  the 
chapel,  which  was  built  in  1876.  Wilson  English, 
of  Camden,  and  other  students  of  Crozer  occasion- 
ally assisted.  In  1881  the  Eev.  Alfred  Caldwell 
became  the  first  regular  pastor  of  the  chapel.  In 
September,  1883,  the  mission  was  organized  by  a 
conference  of  the  delegates  of  the  West  Jersey 
Baptist  Association,  and  among  the  constituent 
members  were  John  D.  Jeffreys  and  wife,  Andrew 
Morris  and  wife,  Thomas  Hollows  and  wife,  Joseph 
Cramer  and  wife,  William  Frazier  and  wife,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Griffey  and  Miss  Lydia  Stone.  The  Eev. 


758 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


A.  J.  Hay  was  called  as  pastor  to  the  church,  and 
at  this  time  (1886)  still  officiates.  There  are  ninety 
regular  members  of  the  church,  and  two  hundred 
and  seventy  scholars  in  the  Sunday-school,  under 
the  care  of  Andrew  Jenkins  as  superintendent. 
Miss  Mary  Hill  is  the  organist  of  the  Sunday- 
school.  This  congregation  is  now  organizing  a 
mission  in  North  Cramer  Hill,  at  the  corner  of 
Grant  and  Horner  Avenues,  where  three  building- 
lots  have  been  donated  for  that  purpose  by  Alfred 
Cramer,  Esq.  Lemuel  Horner  and  Joseph  Cramer, 
each  contributing  one  hundred  dollars,  and  a  large 
number  of  the  citizens  have  contributed  smaller 
sums  forthesamepurpose.  The  congregation  is  now 
preparing  for  the  erection  of  the  mission  chapel. 

St.  Wilfred  Protestant  Episcopal  Chapel. 
— A  number  of  the  citizens  of  Cramer  Hill,  who 
were  desirous  of  establishing  a  church  of  this  de- 
nomination in  the  town,  met  at  the  house  of  Ar- 
thur Matthews,  in  1884,  and  determined  to  con- 
tribute weekly  sums  as  subscriptions  toward  the 
erection  of  a  suitable  place  of  worship.  Among 
the  contributors  were  Frederick  Jones  and  wife, 
Arthur  Mathews  and  wife,  George  Gilbert  and 
wife,  Edward  Hankin  and  others.  In  1885  suffi- 
cient funds  were  raised,  and  by  September  of  that 
year  Jeffreys  &  Jenkins,  contractors,  had  completed 
a  neat,  one-story  frame  chapel,  twenty  by  thirty- 
three  feet  and  twenty-four  feet  high,  with  cupola 
and  bell.  It  was  dedicated  September  27, 1885,  by 
Bishop  Scarborough.  Ministers  were  supplied 
until  October,  1885,  when  the  Eev.  H.  B.  Bryan 
became  the  rector.  A  Sunday-school  was  also  early 
in  progress.  At  the  present  time  (1886)  there  are 
forty-three  members  of  the  church,  and  fifty-one 
teachers  and  scholars  in  the  Sunday-school,  with 
Frederick  Jones  as  superintendent. 

The  Hosanna  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
(colored),  at  Cramer  Hill,  originated  from  a  series 
of  religious  meetings  held  in  the  house  of  Miss 
Hetty  Waples,  on  Saunders  Street,  in  1862.  Nine 
persons  became  members  of  this  meeting  under 
the  ministration  of  Elder  Peter  Gardiner.  In  1868 
these  meetings  were  held  at  the  houses  of  John  Col- 
lins and  Peter  Walters.  Caleb  Walters,  the  father 
of  Peter,  was  an  earnest  worker,  and  was  known  as 
the  founder  of  the  "Little  Hosanna  Church,"  as 
it  was  called,  a  small,  one-story  frame  building, 
sixteen  by  twenty  feet  in  size,  built  on  Saunders 
Street.  In  this  church  the  congregation  worship- 
ped until  1871,  when  Elder  William  Grimes  re- 
built the  church  and  enlarged  it  to  twenty  by  forty 
feet  in  dimensions.  The  pastors  who  have  been 
assigned  to  this  congregation  are  the  Eevs.  Peter 
Gardiner,  Henry  Davis,  Joseph  Stewart,  George 


E.  Boyer,  Francis  Hamilton,  Theodore  Gould, 
James  Watson,  Jeremiah  Turpin,  William  Grimes, 
John  Cornish,  I.  J.  Hill,  Isaac  I.  Murray,  Jeremiah 
Pierce,  Robert  Dunn,  George  A.  Othello,  Benja- 
min Timothy,  Isaac  J.  Hill,  Littleton  Sturgis, 
George  A.  Mills,  John  Whitecar  and  Francis  F. 
Smith,  the  present  pastor.  There  are  twenty-seven 
members.  The  Sunday-school  has  been  in  progress 
since  the  formation  of  the  church.  William  L. 
White  was  superintendent  for  several  years.  At 
this  time  (1886)  there  are  thirty-nine  teachers  and 
scholars  in  the  Sunday-school,  with  Wilson  Wat- 
son as  superintendent  and  George  Price  assistant. 

Uwioif  Mission,  at  Cramer  Hill,  also  called  the 
Aurora  Church,  was  built  through  the  influence  of 
Mrs.  Francis  Maxfleld  in  1885.  Meetings  had  been 
held  in  her  house  four  years  previously,  and 
through  her  efforts  and  by  small  contributions  of 
the  colored  citizens,  a  small,  one-story  frame  mis- 
sion chapel,  twelve  by  eighteen  feet  in  dimensions, 
was  built.  The  Rev.  James  Chamberlain  was  the 
first  minister;  he  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  James 
Bowser.  In  1884  the  Rev.  William  Camomile  was 
sent  as  pastor,  and  in  1886,  the  present  minister,  the 
Rev.  James  K.  Johnson,  officiates.  There  are  but 
few  members  of  this  church.  The  Sunday-school 
is  under  the  care  of  Mrs.  Cassie  Stewart  as  super- 
intendent 

Alfred  Cramer  is  a  descendant  of  David  Cra- 
mer, a  native  of  England  who  emigrated  from  Eng- 
land to  this  country  with  his  wife  about  the  middle 
of  the  eighteenth  century,  settled  on  Long  Island 
and  there  followed  his  trade  of  a  moulder.  He 
had  eight  children, — Jeremiah,  David,  Isaac, 
Joseph,  John,  Mary,  Abigail  and  Elizabeth. 

When  Joseph,  the  fourth  son,  who  was  born  in 
1780,  was  eight  years  old,  his  father  removed  to 
Cumberland  County,  N.  J.,  when  he  continued  his 
occupation.  Joseph  became  noted  for  his  skill  in 
mathematics,  was  self-educated,  taught  the  English 
branches  in  the  schools  of  Philadelphia,  and  other 
places,  and  later  in  life  published  an  astronomical 
map.  Joseph  married  Deborah,  daughter  of  David 
Van  Hook,  of  Port  Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  who  owned  the 
mill  at  Schooner  Landing,  where  he  and  his 
wife  died,  each  at  the  advanced  age  of  nearly  one 
hundred  years.  Their  children  were  David,  John, 
Joseph,  Isaac,  Selinda,  Rachel  and  Mary. 

Isaac  Cramer,  the  fourth  son,  and  father  of 
Alfred  Cramer,  was  born  near  Blackwood,  N.  J., 
April  22,  1820.  When  sixteen  years  old  he  was 
apprenticed  to  the  wheelwright  trade  in  Philadel- 
phia with  William  Haskins,  on  Maiden  Street, 
between  Front  and  Frankford.  After  completing 
his   apprenticeship  he  returned   to  New   Jersey, 


rrt^i 


iV       VVt^AA^iMT 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  STOCKTON. 


769 


locating  at  Kinzeytown  (ailerwards  Creesville), 
where  he  worked  for  Joseph  Monroe.  In  1841, 
he  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Ephraim  and 
Anna  Bee,  of  Bee  Corner,  now  called  Salina. 
They  had  four  children,— Hiram,  a  member  of  the 
Twelfth  New  Jersey  Veteran  Volunteer  Infanti-y, 
who  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Chancellors- 
ville,  Va. ;  Joseph,  married  Elizabetli,  daughter  of 
John  and  Mary  A.  Merrill,  of  Woodbury,  N.  J., 
and  is  in  business  at  Cramer's  Hill ;  Mary  died  at 
the  age  of  thirteen ;  and  Alfred,  who  married  Pris- 
cilla  A.,  daughter  of  John  and  Elizabeth  Wright, 
of  Camden,  by  whom  he  had  five  children,— 
Alfred,  Ida  M.,  Lydia  P.  (deceased),  Estella  I.  and 
Lois  V. 

Alfred  Crajner  was  the  second  child,  and  was 
born  near  Blackwood,  December  12,  1844.  He 
remained  with  his  father  upon  the  fai-m  until  he 
was  of  age.  Farm-work  did  not  suit  his  taste,  and 
he  became  a  canvasser  for  books.  This  proved  a 
valuable  experience  to  him  and  helped  to  fit  him 
for  a  business  career.  His  father  opened  for  him  a 
store  in  Creesville,  which  he  conducted  for  five 
years.  After  that  he  came  to  Camden,  where  he 
engaged  in  the  coal  business  with  his  father-in- 
law,  John  Wright,  for  four  yeai-s.  About  this 
time  he  turned  his  attention  to  real  estate,  and 
began  to  purchase  land  with  a  view  to  laying  out  a 
town,  and  Cramer's  Hill  is  the  result. 

Mr.  Cramer  carried  through  his  plans  against 
the  advice  of  friends,  and  his  success  is  due  to 
patient  industry  and  faith  in  his  undertaking. 
He  has  sold  five  hundred  lots  to  families,  many  of 
which  were  paid  for  in  monthly  installments,  and 
many  are  now  owned  by  skilled  mechanics  and 
tradesmen  doing  business  in  Philadelphia.  Mr. 
Cramer  is  still  adding  largely  to  his  original  pur- 
chase. 

DUDLEY 

is  a  small  village  southeast  from  Cramer 
Hill,  and  on  the  line  of  the  Burlington  County 
Railroad.  It  takes  its  name  from  the  Hon. 
Thomas  H.  Dudley.  There  are  from  twelve  to 
fifteen  fine  residences  in  the  village,  includ- 
ing the  large  mansion  and  buildings  of  the 
Hon.  Thomas  H.  Dudley,  and  known  as  "The 
Grange,"  also  one  church,  one  store  and  one  physi- 
cian's office.  The  general  store  was  started  by  the 
present  owner,  J.  S.  Corkhill,  in  1885.  Dr.  Jerome 
L.  Artz,  who  located  in  Dudley  in  1885,  was  born 
in  Ganges,  Richland  County,  Ohio,  in  1859;  was 
educated  in  the  schools  of  his  native  place;  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  G.  W. 
Kester  in  1876,  and  entered  the  Homa?opathic 
Hospital  College  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1877;  in 


1878  removed  to  Philadelphia  and  entered  the 
Hahnemann  Medical  College,  and  graduated  there- 
from in  the  class  of  1881.  He  was  assistant  at 
this  college  aud  the  Children's  Hospital  until  1885, 
when  he  removed  to  Dudley. 

The  cemetery  belonging  to  the  Church  of  the 
Immaculate  Conception  of  Camden  is  located  in 
the  western  portion  of  Dudley,  between  the  Moores- 
town  pike  and  Westfield  Avenue.  The  area  is 
about  six  acres,  neatly  inclosed  and  handsomely 
laid  out  in  square  lots,  and  wide  avenues  leading 
to  the  main  drive. 

Merchantville.- The  town  is  situated  on  the 
Amboy  Division  of  the  Camden  and  Mount  Holly 
Railroad,  about  four  miles  east  of  Camden  ;  the 
turnpike  leading  from  Camden  to  Moorestown 
passes  through  the  town.  It  contains  a  population 
of  about  six  hundred,  and  is  largely  the  residence 
of  people  in  business  in  Camden  and  Philadelphia. 
It  has  a  post-office,  town  hall,  depot,  telegraph 
and  express  offices,  school-house,  four  churches 
(Methodist,  Presbyterian,  Episcopal  and  African 
Methodist)  and  a  large  boarding-house  situated  in 
Oak  Grove. 

The  village  prior  to  1850  contained  only  the 
buildings  of  the  fai-m  and  tenant-houses  of  the 
Rudderow  family.  Soon  after  that  time  Alexander 
G.  Cattell  purchased  the  plot  of  ground  containing 
theold  house  builtby  John  Rudderow  in  1804,  which 
he  tore  down  and  erected  on  its  site  his  residence. 
In  1856  Amos  Rudderow,  who  owned  the  farm,  sold 
to  Jacob  Bunting,  ten  acres  of  laud  on  the  south 
side  of  the  pike,  for  the  purpose  of  laying  it  out 
into  lots.  He  erected  a  house,  now  the  property  of 
Mr.  Whickall,  a  spice  merchant  of  Philadelphia. 
Soon  afler  the  Hon.  A.  G.  and  E.  G.  Cattell,  John 
Loutz  and  David  E.  Stetson  purchased  twenty 
acres  of  land  on  the  north  side  of  the  pike,  where 
each  erected  a  mansion.  In  1858  the  same  pei-sons 
bought  seventy-five  acres,  the  balance  of  the  Amos 
Rudderow  farm.  About  the  same  time  A.  G.  and 
E.  G.  Cattell  purchased  the  old  Coopers  woods,  on 
the  north  side  of  the  railroad,  cleai-ed  it  of  stumps 
and  laid  it  out  into  lots  and  began  selling.  In 
1853  the  Stockton  Hotel  was  erected  on  the  turn- 
pike, which  was  kept  by  Benjamin  Martin  until 
18So.  About  1860  a  school-house  was  erected  and 
used  until  the  erection  of  the  present  commodious 
house.  The  old  house  is  now  used  as  a  drug-store. 
The  first  store  in  town  was  kept  by  Charles  W. 
Starn,  and  is  now  owned  by  Benj.  H.  Browning, 
and  is  the  residence  of  Dr.  D.  W.  Bartine,  who 
was  the  first  resident  physician  aud  is  still  in  prac- 
tice there. 

A  town  hall,  forty  by  sixty  feet,  two  stories  in 


760 


HISTOEY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


height,  was  erected  in  1870  at  a  cost  of  eight  thou- 
sand dollars. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Chuhch.— In  1863  an 
effort  was  made  to  build  a  church  at  the  place, 
which  failed.  In  the  fallof  1835  David  S.  Stetson, 
Chas.  W.  and  Jos.  A.  Starn,  members  of  Bethel 
Church,  residing  at  Merchantville,  called  a  meet- 
ing of  the  citizens,  which  met  at  the  old  school - 
house  and  organized  by  electing  as  trustees  D.  S- 
Stetson,  Mathias  Homer,  E.  G.  Cattell,  Thomas 
Sinex,  Isaac  Hinchman,  Charles   W.  and  Joseph 

A.  Starn.  A  subscription  was  at  once  opened  and 
two  thousand  dollars  was  subscribed,  which  was 
increased  to  six  thousand  dollars.  A  building 
committee  was  appointed.  Lots  for  a  church  and 
parsonage  were  donated  by  James  C.  Finn,  and  a 
church  building  begun,  which  was  completed  in 
the  spring  of  1866,  and  dedicated  in  March  by 
Bishop  Matthew  Simpson.  The  pastor  at  the  time 
was  the  Rev.  E.  S.  Harris,  He  was  succeeded  by 
the  Revs.  David  H.  Shoch,  Wm.  W.  Moffatt,  Ed- 
ward Hewitt,  Wm.  Boyd,  R.  J.  Andrews,  George 

B.  White,  J.  E.  Price,  Nelson  McNichoU,  William 
McCowen,  W.  S.  Bernard  and  J.  B.  Rogers,  who  is 
the  present  pastor. 

The  Sunday-school  was  begun  by  David  S.  Stet- 
son, in  his  own  house,  and  later  held  in  the  school- 
house,  and  upon  the  completion  of  the  church  the 
meeting-place  was  changed  to  that  building. 

The  First  Peesbyteeian  Church  was  erected 
at  a  cost  of  about  eight  thousand  dollars  in  1874. 
The  congregation  was  under  the  pa.storal  care  of 
the  Rev.  Nathaniel  L.  Upham  from  its  organiza- 
tion to  September,  1884,  when  the  Rev.  M.  C. 
Wood,  the  present  pastor,  assumed  the  charge. 
The  church  has  a  membership  of  sixty-seven. 

Grace  Episcopal  Church. — A  small  band  of 
this  denomination  was  gathered  in  the  Town 
Hall  in  1878,  and  organized  into  a  church.  Services 
were  supplied  by  appointment  by  the  bishop  from 
Philadelphia.  The  congregation  was  weak  for 
several  years,  but  in  1880  a  better  spirit  prevailed, 
Grace  Parish  was  erected  and  the  present  chapel 
built.  In  February,  1883,  the  Rev.  R.  G.  Moses 
was  selected  as  rector  of  the  parish,  and  is  now  in 
charge.  There  are  about  one  hundred  and  twenty 
in  the  parish  and  fifty-six  communicants. 

The  Post-Office  was  established  in  1866,  with 
Chas.  W.  Starn  as  postmaster.  The  following 
persons  have  oflBciated  as  postmasters :  John  W. 
Kaighn,  Richard  Shreiner,  Mrs.  R.  Shreiner,  Wm. 
Kirby,  E.  L.  Shinn  and  the  present  incumbent, 
Gottlieb  Mich. 

Incorporation.— The  village  was  incorporated 
March   3,  1874,  with  Mathias  Homer  as  burgess, 


and  Jas.  Millinger,  Elijah  G.  Cattell,  D.  T.  Gage, 
Jos.  Baylis,  E.  S.  Hall,  T.  0.  Knight  and  C.  E. 
Spangler  as  the  first  Council,  Mr.  Homer  con- 
tinued as  burgess  until  1886,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  John  H.  Wilkinson.  The  justices  of 
the  peace  since  the  incorporation  of  the  borough 
have  been  Richard  Shreiner,  Wm.  Sheldrake, 
John  Potts,  E.  J.  Spangler,  E.  L.  Shinn  and  Jos. 
Baylis. 

The  Stockton  Sanitarium,  for  the  treatment 
and  care  of  persons  suffering  from  nervous  affec- 
tions, and  for  mild  cases  of  mental  disease,  is 
located  at  Merchantville,.  New  Jersey,  and  was 
opened  for  patients  October  29,  1884.  The  build- 
ings stand  one  hundred  feet  above  the  elevation 
of  the  Delaware  River,  in  grounds  containing 
eleven  acres,  divided  into  shade,  lawn  and  garden. 
They  are  handsomely,  as  well  as  comfortably  fur- 
nished. All  unnecessary  restraint  is  removed,  the 
appearance  of  an  asylum  avoided,  and  a  degree  of 
freedom  is  allowed  which  would  be  impossible 
where  large  numbers  are  congregated.  It  is  wholly 
a  private  establishment  and  has  no  board  of  direc- 
tors or  trustees.  There  are  separate  buildings  for 
the  sexes,  which  gives  the  patients  very  consider- 
able more  freedom  than  could  be  extended  if  all 
were  in  one  building.  Dr.  S.  Preston  Jones  was 
the  founder  of  the  institution,  and  is  still  its  pro- 
prietor. 

Stockton  Rifle  Range,  when  first  established 
by  Samuel  H.  French,  in  1866,  contained  forty- 
three  and  one-half  acres  of  ground  in  Wrightsville. 
The  range  proper  is  provided  with  the  best  im- 
proved batteries  and  firing  grounds  in  the  United 
States.  As  originally  built,  it  contained  ranges  up 
to  one  thousand  yards  distance ;  but  as  this  was 
seldom  used,  it  was  deemed  advisable  to  reduce  it 
to  six  hundred  yards.  The  New  Jersey  and  Penn- 
sylvania Rifle  Clubs  and  teams,  the  Pennsylvania 
National  Guards  and  other  national  military  com- 
panies meet  at  this  place,  and  the  range  is  provided 
with  magazines  and  closets  for  the  exclusive  use 
of  the  different  State  organizations. 

Stockton  Park.— Suon  after  the  rifle  range 
was  started  an  additional  forty-six  and  one-half 
acres  of  ground  was  laid  out  in  connection  with 
the  grounds  of  the  range,  as  a  park  and  pleasure 
resort,  making  the  park  ninety  acres  in  extent. 
The  original  buildings  were  altered  and  a  large 
pavilion,  fifty  by  one  hundred  feet  in  dimensions, 
erected,  a  hall  for  roller-skating,  etc.  In  1885 
Emmor  D.  French,  the  superintendent,  had  con- 
structed an  artificial  lake,  covering  twenty-one 
acres  of  ground.  This  lake  is  only  three  feet  in 
depth,  and  is  provided  with  pleasure  boats,  one 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  STOCKTON. 


761 


being  a  large  boat  designed  to  carry  fifty  children 
at  one  time.  The  park  is  the  favorite  resort  of  the 
many  cricket  clubs,  lawn-tennis  parties  and  excur- 
sionists of  Camden  and  vicinity. 

Pjensaukin  is  a  small  settlement  on  the  Jor- 
dantown  road,  adjoining  the  borough  limits.  It 
was  farm  lands  of  the  Cattells  and  William  Pigeon, 
and  about  eight  years  ago  lots  were  offered  for  sale, 
which  were  bought  slowly  by  artisans,  who  have 
built  smali  but  comfortable  and  convenient  resi- 
dences. It  is  being  substantially  built  up  by  actual 
residents,  and  is  a  station  on  the  railroad. 

HoMESTEADViLt,E. — In  July,  1852,  two  hundred 
lots  were  laid  out  south  of  Merchantville  (which  at 
that  time  was  just  begun)  and  on  the  Whiskey 
road.  It  was  a  tract  of  land  about  six  hundred 
by  fifteen  hundred  feet,  having  three  streets  run- 
iiing  lengthwise  and  three  crosswise.  The  lots 
were  not  sold  readily,  but  eventually  some  of  them 
were  purchased  by  colored  people.  The  growth 
of  the  place  did  not  reach  the  expectations  of  its 
founders. 

SOEDENTOWN. — Not  far  from  where  Pensaukin 
is  situated,  and  on  the  road  from  the  old  "  Spread 
Eagle  Tavern"  to  the  Union  School-house, 
Thomas  Clement,  in  1850,  laid  out  thirty-seven 
lots,  which  were  sold  mostly  to  colored  people, 
and  which  are  still  held  by  them. 

JORDANTOWN. — On  the  road  from  Merchant- 
ville to  Fork  Landing,  and  on  the  old  Rudderow 
lands,  several  lots  were  laid  out  about  1840,  and 
in  1846,  when  that  road  was  opened,  it  passed 
through  the  place,  where,  there  were  four  or  five 
houses  and  a  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  occu- 
pied by  colored  people.  From  that  time  the  place 
grew  slowly,  and  is  now  quite  a  settlement,  with  a 
school-house  and  neat  Methodist  Church.  In 
former  times  yearly  "  Bush  Meetings,"  as  they  were 
called,  were  held  in  some  of  the  groves,  which  were 
cleared  of  underbrush  for  the  purpose.  These  occa- 
sions called  the  old  and  young  from  far  and  near. 
The  Rev.  Benjamin  Stokeley  and  the  Rev.  Isaac 
Hinson  were  among  the  early  and  prominent 
ministers  who  had  charge  of  the  meetings  and 
congregation. 

Delaie.— The  new  village  of  Delair  is  situated 
about  four  miles  from  Camden,  on  the  Delaware 
River  and  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  in  this  town- 

sbip-  ,  , 

Jacob  L.  Gross,  a  Lancaster  lawyer,  moved  here 
with  his  family  in  1868,  and  soon  thereafter  pur- 
chased ten  acres  from  the  Browning  estate  and 
ten  acres  from  Isaac  Adams,  upon  which  he  built 
three   cottages,  and  his   son.  Dr.  Onan  B.  Gross, 

one. 

92 


The  new  town  made  no  further  progress,  how- 
ever, for  the  next  few  years,  when  Bartram  L. 
Bonsall,  then  publisher  of  The  Camden  Post,  and 
John  Zimmerman,  of  Pensaukin,  in  December, 
1885,  purchased  one  hundred  and  eleven  acres, 
being  the  farm  of  Israel  B.  Adams,  son  of  Isaac 
Adams,  of  whom  the  ten  acres  had  been  purchased 
by  Jacob  L.  Gross  seventeen  years  before. 

Messrs.  Zimmerman  and  Bonsall  immediately 
laid  the  land  off  into  building  lots,  and  during 
the  summer  of  1886  sold  a  large  number  of  them, 
aggregating  in  value  nearly  twenty  thousand 
dollars.  Several  new  houses  were  constructed 
and  the  village  bids  fair  to  become  a  popular 
suburban  place  of  residence.  The  situation  is 
delightful,  and  the  ground  very  high,  overlooking 
the  river.  The  name  Delair  was  given  by  the 
late  Colonel  Isaac  S.  Buckelew,  the  two  syllables 
signifying  Delaware  air.  During  the  fall  of  1886 
workmen  cleared  away  brush,  cut  down  trees, 
graded  avenues  and  terraced  a  high  bluff  along 
the  railroad.  Three  hundred  Carolina  poplar- 
trees  were  planted,  one  every  twenty-five  feet, 
over  the  entire  tract,  thus  marking  the  avenues 
and  insuring  a  grateful  shade  in  the  future. 

MANUFACTURING. 

The  manufactories  of  this  township,  with  two 
orthree  possible  exceptions — as  the  brick  and  terra- 
cotta works  at  Pea  Shore— may  be  regarded  as  a 
portion  of  the  industrial  overflow  of  Camden, 
being  mostly  near  the  city  and  all  having  offices 
there.  This  is  also  true  of  those  located  farthest 
away,  as,  for  instance,  Augustus  Reeves'  establish- 
ment. 

The  Pea  Shore  Beick  and  Terra-Cotta 
Works  are  located  at  Fish  House  Station,  on  the 
Amboy  Div.  of  the  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  The  works, 
with  the  clay-pits  near  by,  occupy  forty-five  acres 
fronting  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  prior  to  1866 
were  used  for  the  burning  of  red  bricks  only.  Soon 
thereafter  the  present  proprietor,  Augustus  Reeve, 
obtained  entire  control  of  the  works,  and  in  1877 
erected  the  fire-brick  and  terra-cotta  department, 
there  being  on  the  grounds  a  large  deposit  of  fire- 
brick and  pipe-clay,  and, so  far  as  known,  the  only 
deposit  south  of  Woodbridge,  Middlesex  County, 
N.  J.  There  are  two  distinct  departments  at  these 
works— the  redbrick  manufactory  and  that  for  the 
making  of  fire-brick  and  terra-cotta  ware.  The 
first,  with  the  kilns,  sheds  and  machinery,  cover 
one  and  a  half  acres  of  ground  and  contains  a 
Chambers  patent  brick-machine,  capable  of  pro- 
ducing thirty  thousand  to  thirty-five  thousand 
bricks  daily,  and  is  driven  by  an  engine  of  sixty 


762 


HISTORY  OF  CAMDEN  COUNTY,  NEW  JERSEY. 


horse-power.  There  are  three  large  kilns  capa- 
ble of  burning  two  hundred  thousand  bricks  each. 
The  terra-cotta  works  are  one  hundred  and  thirty- 
four  by  sixty  feet,  with  an  L  extension  forty  by 
forty-five  feet,  and  the  machinery  of  this  de- 
partment requires  an  engine  of  thirty  horse-power. 
It  is  fitted  up  with  tempering-mill,  stampers  and 
presses  for  the  manufacture  of  fire-brick,  pipe,  tile 
and  terra-cotta  ware  of  various  kinds ;  the  products 
are  sold  to  the  home  market  and  shipped  to  many 
States,  and  large  quantities  of  the  fire-brick  clay 
aresentto  various  fire-brick  works  in  Philadelphia. 
Sixty  hands  are  employed.  Branch  siding  of  the 
Amboy  Division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Kailroad, 
which  runs  through  their  grounds,  together  with 
four  hundred  feet  of  wharfage  on  the  river-frout, 
affords  them  ample  facilities  for  shipping  by  rail  or 
water  in  all  directions.  The  ofiice  and  warehouse 
is  at  No.  31  Market  Street,  Camden,  where  a  large 
supply  of  manufactured  stock  is  stored. 

The  Fairview  Brick- Works  are  located  at 
Pea  Shore,  on  the  river-front,  three  miles  above 
Camden,  and  cover  an  area  of  ten  acres.  They 
were  originated  in  1869,  by  Stone,  Hatch  &  Co.  In 
1871  Hugh  Hatch  and  Joseph  Hatch,  brothers, 
bought  the  entire  grounds  and  buildings,  and  they 
have  since  conducted  the  business  under  the  firm- 
name  of  Hatch  &  Brother.  There  are  four  large 
buildings  upon  the  grounds,  in  which  are  the  differ- 
ent departments  for  the  manufacture  of  hard, 
strecher,  paving  and  salmon  brick.  The  mill  proper 
is  fitted  up  with  a  Chambers  &  Brothers  brick- 
machine,  which  has  a  capacity  for  making  thirty- 
five  thousand  to  fifty  thousand  bricks  a  day.  The 
average  speed  and  production  is  seventy  bricks  a 
minute.  The  clay  is  dumped  by  the  car-load  into 
the  reservoir  of  the  machine,  which  mixes  and 
tempers  it  before  it  enters  the  dies.  Prom  the  dies 
the  bricks  pass  on  an  endless  belt  to  the  drying- 
rooms  in  the  main  building,which  is  built  of  brick, 
sixty  by  three  hundred  feet  in  size  and  twenty- 
seven  feet  high,  with  an  annex  one  hundred  and  ten 
by  one  hundred  and  fifteen  feet,  and  of  the  same 
height.  There  are  four  arched  kilns  inclosed  in  the 
structure,  having  a  capacity  of  three  hundred  and 
fifty  thousand  bricks  each.  The  drying-rooms  are  on 
the  second  floor,  above  the  kilns,  and  are  capable 
of  drying  five  hundred  thousand  bricks  at  one  time. 
Between  April  10,  1885,  and  April  10,  1886,  there 
were  made  at  the  works  seven  million  bricks 
with  one  machine.  In  1882  patents  were  grant- 
ed the  proprietors  for  the  improved  kilns  of 
their  own  design  and  invention.  On  November 
23,  1883,  the  works  were  destroyed  by  fire,  but  were 
rebuilt  in  1884,  and  greatly  increased  in  size.   The 


machinery  requires  a  sixty  horse-power  engine, 
supplied  by  four  large  boilers.  The  works  be- 
ing inclosed,  the  business  is  conducted  through- 
out the  entire  year.  Sixty  hands  are  constantly 
employed.  The  firm  has  a  large  trade  and  excel- 
lent facilities  for  shipping  by  vessels  from  their 
own  wharf  on  the  river- front,  and  on  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad.  The  main  office  of  these  works 
is  at  No.  17  ICaighn  Avenue. 

The  Overbrook  Mills,  corner  of  Seventeenth 
and  Stevens  Streets,  Camden,  covering  an  area  of 
three  acres,  were  commenced  in  1879  by  Richard 
Williamson  &  Co.,  for  the  manufacture  of  worsted 
coatings,  linings  and  dress  goods.  Four  large 
brick  buildings  are  used  by  this  company  for  dif- 
ferent branches  of  the  goods  made.  In  the  mill 
proper,  new  and  improved  machinery  is  used  for 
combing,  drawing  and  spinning  the  raw  material, 
and  the  weaving-sheds  are  specially  constructed 
with  top  and  north  light.  There  is  also  a  large 
wash  and  dry-house,  a  warehouse  for  storage  of 
wool  and  a  brick  engine-house.  On  August  20, 
1885,  the  mills  were  totally  destroyed  by  fire  at  a 
loss  of  sixty-two  thousand  dollars,  partly  covered 
by  insurance,  but  within  six  months  they  were 
rebuilt  and  in  complete  running  order.  New  and 
automatic  machinery  was  introduced  for  the 
manipulation  of  the  finest  grades  of  mohair  and 
alpaca  yarns,  which  are  used  for  making  braids, 
"  seal-skins  "  and  all  kinds  of  fancy  goods  which 
require  lustrous  yarns.  The  machinery  of  the  dif- 
ferent departments  is  operated  by  two  sixty  horse- 
power engines,  with  three  large  tubular  boilers. 
Two  hundred  and  twenty  hands  are  employed. 
The  products  of  the  mills  are  sold  throughout  the 
entire  United  States,  and  the  company  are  im- 
porters as  well  as  merchants  and  manufacturers. 
The  store  and  main  office  is  at  No.  20  Strawberry 
Street,  Philadelphia. 

J.  L.  Cragin  &  Co.,  soap  manufacturers,  began 
business  at  the  corner  of  Seventeenth  and  Federal 
Streets  in  1879.  The  firm  had  for  many  years 
conducted  the  same  business  in  Philadelphia. 
They  make  exclusively  "Dobbins'  Electric  Soap" 
and  "Bradford's  Fig  Soap"  for  woolen  and  worsted 
manufacturers.  The  grounds  occupied  are  two 
hundred  by  three  hundred  feet.  The  main  build- 
ing is  L-shaped,  three  stories  in  height,  with 
basement.  It  extends  one  hundred  and  twenty 
feet  on  Federal  Street,  and  one  hundred  and 
seventy  feet  on  Seventeenth  Street.  There  are 
also  stables  and  sheds  connected  with  the  estab- 
lishment. The  motor  is  an  engine  of  thirty  horse- 
power, with  two  flue  boilers  rated  at  thirty  horse- 
power each.     The  company  has  a  paid-in  capital 


(AJxx)t^-    <^J .    Co  i»g^^^fc::^(^ 


THE  TOWNSHIP  OF  STOCKTON. 


763 


of  five  hundred  thousand  dollars.  One  hundred 
hands  are  employed.  The  trade  is  large  and  ex- 
tends throughout  the  United  States,  Canada,  Ger- 
many and  Cuba,  with  branch  offices  in  Philadel- 
phia, Boston,  New  York,  Chicago,  Cleveland  and 
Cincinnati. 

The  United  States  Chemical  Company, 
manufacturers  of  chemicals  and  fertilizers,  was  in- 
corporated in  1875,  with  William  J.  Jordan,  presi- 
dent ;  George  T.  Lewis,  vice-president ;  and  E.  E. 
Jenks,  secretary  and  treasurer.  The  company  owns 
an  area  of  thirteen  acres,  on  which  are  located 
twelve  buildings,  which  are  supplied  with  the 
necessary  machinery  and  appliances  for  the  manu- 
facture of  their  special  products.  Three  large 
engines,  equivalent  to  two  thousand  seven  hundred 
horse-power,  are  required  to  run  the  large  machin- 
ery for  crushing  and  preparing  the  phosphates 
and  fertilizers.  From  seventy  to  eighty  men  are 
constantly  employed.  An  extensive  business  is 
done,  and  ample  facilities  are  afforded  for  shipping 
by  vessels  on  Coopers  Creek,  or  over  the  Camden 
and  Amboy  Railroad,  which  is  extended  along  the 
grout  Js  of  the  works. 

The  Atlantic  Dye  and  Finishing  Woeks 
were  erected  in  1882,  and  the  same  year  began 
operation  at  the  corner  of  Sixteenth  and  Stevens 
Streets.  Captain  Somers  founded  this  industry,  but 
conducted  it  only  for  a  short  time.  In  1883  Comly 
J.  Mather  leased  the  works,  and  has  since  done  a 
prosperous  business.  The  dye-house  and  tinishing- 
mill  occupy  an  area  of  one  hundred  and  thirty 
by  eighty  feet,  with  front  on  Stevens  Street,  and 
are  furnished  with  the  necessary  apparatus  for 
dyeing  and  finishing  cotton  and  woolen  goods  ; 
eight  small  engines  are  used  for  running  the 
special  machines,  and  the  general  machinery  is 
driven  by  an  engine  of  twenty-five  horse-power. 
The  nine  engines  combined  have  sixty  horse- 
power. Thirty  workmen  are  constantly  employed. 
The  works  prepare  a  large  amount  of  finished 
material  for  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania  and  adja- 
cent States. 

The  Philadelphia  Dye- Works  and  Bleach- 
ERY,  on  Jefierson  Street,  above  Broadway,  covering 
an  entire  square,  were  established  in  1883  by 
Robert  H.  Comey,  who  had  started  a  similar  in- 
dustry in  Philadelphia  in  1882.  There  are  seven 
bleaching-houses,  one  dry-house,  one  dye-house, 
and  one  stable  located  upon  the  grounds.  A 
successful  trade  has  been  established,  which 
extends  through  the  Middle  and  the  Western 
States. 

A  Varnish  Manufactory,  for  the  production 
of  the  fine  grades  of  carriage  and  car  varnishes. 


drying  japans,  etc.,  was  erected  by  C.  Schrack  & 
Co.,  on  the  Moorestown  pike,  near  Coopers  Creek, 
during  the  year  1869. 

biographical. 

Ex-United  States  Senator  Alexander  G.  Oattell, 
who  has  his  home  in  this  township,  is  a  son  of 
Thomas  W.  Cattell,  and  was  born  at  Salem,  N.  J. 
February  12,  1816,  where  he  obtained  his  educa- 
tion. On  arriving  at  manhood  he  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits,  which  he  followed  in  his 
native  town  until  1846.  He  was  elected  to  the 
New  Jersey  Legislature  in  1840,  when  but  twenty- 
four  years  of  age,  and  was  clerk  of  the  House  in 
1842-43.  In  1844  he  was  a  member  of  the  conven- 
tion to  revise  the  State  Constitution,  and  the 
youngest  member  of  that  body. 

In  1846  he  went  to  Philadelphia  and  has  been 
engaged  in  ruercantile  pursuits  and  banking  in 
that  city  ever  since,  although  he  removed  his  resi- 
dence to  Merchantville,  N.  J.,  in  1863.  He  was 
a  member  of  both  branches  of  councils,  one  of  the 
early  presidents  of  the  Corn  Exchange  Association, 
and  in  1857  organized  the  Corn  Exchange  Bank, 
of  which  he  was  for  thirteen  years  president.  He 
was  elected  United  States  Senator  from  New  Jer- 
sey, in  1866,  to  succeed  Hon.  J,  P.  Stockton,  and 
on  account  of  ill  health  declined  a  second  term. 
He  served  in  the  Senate  on  the  Finance  Com- 
mittee and  was  chairman  of  the  Library  Commit- 
tee. He  was  appointed  by  President  Grant  as  a 
Commissioner  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  but  de- 
clined the  office.  Later  his  services  were  brought 
into  requisition  on  the  first  board  of  Civil  Service 
Commissioners,  of  which  George  William  Curtis 
was  chairman,  and  at  the  end  of  two  years  resign- 
ed to  accept  the  position  of  Financial  agent  of  the 
United  States  in  London,  to  conduct  the  refunding 
of  the  six  per  cent  bonds  at  a  lower  rate  of  inter- 
est. He  spent  one  year  in  London  in  this  work 
and  succeeded  in  refunding  $100,000,000  at  five  per 
cent.  General  Grant  regarded  him  as  one  of  his 
wisest  advisers  and  best  friends.  At  this  time  Mr. 
Cattell  is  a  hale  and  active  man  of  affairs,  engaged 
in  a  number  of  business  enterprises  confined  chiefly 
to  New  Jersey.  He  has  just  been  chosen  president 
of  the  New  Jersey  Trust  and  Safe  Deposit  Company, 
of  Camden,  the  first  institution  of  the  kind  formed 
in  his  native  State.  One  of  Mr.  Cattell's  marked 
peculiarities  is  his  power  of  attracting  and  holding 
the  friendship  and  confidence  of  men  in  all  stations 
of  life  in  which  he  has  been  placed — a  quality 
which  is  due  in  part  to  the  unswerving  honesty 
and  fidelity  of  his  nature  and  conduct  in  all  the 
relations  of  life,  and  in  part  to  that  rare  possession 
called  personal  magnetism. 


INDEX 


A- 

Acbufl,  J.  N.,282, 

Ackley,  Henry,  279. 

Adoption  of  the  first  State  Constitution,  44, 

Agriculture  in  Camden  County,  385. 

Albertaon,  Chalkley,  673. 

Alberteon  Family,  the,  648. 

Albertson,  S.  C,  616. 

Alrashouse,  184. 

Ancora,  696. 

Andrews,  J.  R.,  301. 

Andrews,  P.  W.,  302, 

Anthony,  H.  B.,  634. 

Argus,  the  Atco,  330, 

Armstrong,  E.  A.,  23X 

Armstrong,  James  A.,  282. 


Associate  Judges  of  Supreme  Court,  201. 

Associations;  Building  and  Loan  of  Cam- 
den, 549;  Old  Military  of  Camden, 
553  ;  of  Gloucester  City,  601. 

Aspdian,  Mathias,  610, 

Atco,    665. 

Atkinson,  Thomas  B.,  432. 

Atlantic  Dj-e  and  Finishing  Works,  763. 

Attorneye,  dates  of  admission  to  bar,  205 ; 
biographies  of,  216. 

Authors  and  scientists,  330. 

Autographs  of  early  settlers,  424. 

Ay  era,  James  W.,  433. 

B. 

Baird,  David,  518. 

Banes,  S.  T.,  297. 

Banks  and  Banking,  454  ;  Fi^  bank,  they 
454  ;  State  and  National,  laws  govern- 
ing, 454  ;  National  State.  455 ;  Farmers' 
and  Mechanics*,  461 ;  First  National, 
462;  Camden  Safe  Dep.  Co.,465  ;  Cani- 
den  National,  466. 

Bar  Association,  Camden  Co.,  236. 

Barrows,  George,  270. 

Bartine,  D.  Bedding,  295'. 

Bates,  William,  643,  728. 

Batesville,  730. 

Beale,  P,  W.,  295. 

Beatty,  Irvine  C,  526. 

Beldon,  S.  W.,  235. 

Bench  and  Bar,  196. 

Benjamin,  Bowling,  292. 

Bell,  EzraC,  393. 

764 


Bennett,  ToIneyG.,  516. 

Bergen,  Christopher  A.,  228. 

Bergen,  Martin  V.,  227. 

Bergen,  Samuel  D.,  232, 

Berkeley,  Lord,  21-23. 

Berlin,  660. 

Birdsell,  Sylvester,  278, 

Bishop,  W.  S.,  280. 

Black,  Alfred  L.,  Jr.,  234. 

Blackwood,  682, 

Blackwood,  B.  W.,  267. 

Blackwood,  John,  240. 

Blackwood,  Thomas  K.,  303. 

Blackwood,  W.  P.,  236. 

Blackwell,  Robert,  331. 

Blake,  D,  W.,  292. 

Bloomfield,  Samuel,  241. 

Blue  Anchor,  696. 

Bonsall,  Henry  L.,  326-338. 

Bonwill,  H.  G.,  297. 

Borton,  Joshta  E-.  236. 

Botany,  2. 

Botanists,  338. 

Brace,  F.  R.,  308,  318. 

Braddock,  696. 

Braddock,  Elwood,  632. 

Bradshaw,  Claudius  W.,  434. 

Btaker.Benj.,  M,  579. 

Branin,  Henry  E.,  285. 

Brown,  David  B.,  192.  . 

Brown,  David  S.,  590. 

Browning,  Abraham,  217. 

Browning,  A  M.,  158. 

Browning,  Maurice,  628. 

Browning,  K.  M.,  229. 

Brownings,  the,  750. 

Brownetown,  680, 

Bryant,  J.  K.,  302. 

Budd,  Paul  C,  432. 

Buchanan,  John,  241. 

Buckwalter,  Geoffrey,  338. 

Builders,  647. 

Building  inspectors,  439. 

Building  and  Loan  Associations,  .548,  649, 

Burrough,  Edward,  194. 

Burrough,  John,  721. 


Cade,  Captain  John,  79. 
Camden  City  ; 

Early  history     of,    403;     early    and 


present  census,  404;  early  settle- 
ment and  transfers  of  land,  404, 
416;  Cooper,  Eaighn  and  Mickle  fara- 
lie?,  408-18;  Village  of  Camden,  419  ; 
Coopers  Kill,  419;  Kaighn  estate,  420  ; 
Fettersville,  421;  Stockton,  423; 
Kaighnsville,  423  ;  autographs  of  early 
settlers,  424  ;  Incorporation,  425  ;  the 
charter,  425  ;  supplements  to,  426  ;  new 
charter,  426 ;  boundaries  of,  427 ; 
wards,  428 ;  early  ofBcers,  428 ;  first 
city  hall,  428  ;  new  city  hall,  429  ; 
mayors,  430  ;  City  Councils,  434 ;  tax 
receivers,  436;  recorders  and  presi- 
dents of  City  Council,  436  ;  assessors, 
438 ;  solicitors,  438 ;  other  officers, 
439  ;  water  works,  439 ;  fire  compa- 
nies and  firemen,  440  ;  hook-and-lad- 
der,  441 ;  fire-engine  companies,  441, 
442,  444;  Camden  in  1815,  444  ;  early 
•business  interests,  444 ;  Camden  in 
1824,  446  ;  assessments,  447  ;  interest- 
ing facts  and  incidente,  448 ;  banks 
and  banking,  454 ;  churches,  467 ; 
schools,  497 ;  Newton  Juvonile  Debat- 
ing Society,  505  ;  Worthington  Library 
Co.,  505  ;  private  schools,  506  ;, Orphan- 
age, the  West  Jersey,  506  ;  manufac- 
turing interests,  507  ;  lumber,  510  ; 
oil-cloth  manufacturers,  519  ;  woolen 
and  worated  mills,  523  ;  post-office, 
638  ;  market-houses  ;  538 ;  insurance 
companies,  644 ;  gas-light  company, 
646 ;  street  railway,  546  ;  telephone, 
546;  building  and  building  associa- 
tions, 547  ;  cemeteries,  553  ;  tornado, 
664  ;  cyclone,  656 ;  hotels,  566  ;  socie- 
ties, f  58. 
Camden  County  : 

Court-houses,  183 ;  almshonse,  184 ; 
civil  list,  186 ;  boundaries  of,  1 ;  sur- 
face of,  1 ;  county  buildings,  181 ; 
streams  of,  1 ;  erection  of,  179  ;  bench 
and  bar,  196  ;  courts  of,  202 ;  medical 
history,  237  ;  Camden  City,  403  ;  Had- 
donfield,  608 ;  Gloucester  City,  582  ; 
Haddon  township,  636 ;  Waterford 
township,  666 ;  Winslow  township, 
694 ;  Gloucester  township,  672 ;  Dela- 
ware township,  713  ;  Stockton  town- 
ship, 739  ;  Centre  township,  704. 


INDEX. 


765 


Camden  iDsurance  companieB,  544. 
Camaen  and  Philadelphia  Race  Course,  652. 
Camden  County  Medical  Society,  244. 
Camden  City  Medical  Society,  259. 
Camden  City  Dispensaj-y,  261. 
Camden  Homoeopathic  Hospital  and  Dispensary, 

307. 
Camden  Democrat,  323. 
Camden  County  Courier,  327. 
Camden  County  Journal,  328. 
Camden  and  Amboy  Kailroad,  349. 
Camden  and  Atlantic  Bailroad,  353. 
Camden  and  "Woodbury  Railroad,  357. 
Camden  and  Burlington  County  Bailroad,  357. 
Camden  and  Haddonfield  Bailroad,  358. 
Camden,  Gloucester  and  Mount  Ephraim  Bail- 
road,  358. 
Camden  County  Pomona  Grange,  393. 
Campbell,  George,  556. 
Campbell,  John,  Jr.,  557. 
Carles,  Samuel,  301. 
Carman,  'WiUiam,  511. 
Carpenter,  Thomas  P.,  206. 
Carpenter,  James  H.,230. 
Carriage  manufacturers  :  Cafirey's  works, 
532 ;    Collings'    works,    532 ;    Hunt's 
works,  533 ;  Dayis'  wagon  works,  533  ; 
■West's   works,   533;   Butler's   works, 
533. 
Carrow,  Howard,  235. 
Carteret,  George,  Sr.,  21,  22. 
Carteret,  Philip,  23. 
Casperson,  Bobert,  299. 
Casselman,  W.  S.,  233. 
Cathcart,  John,  675. 
Cattell,  A.  G.,  763. 
Cedar  Brook,  696. 

Cemeteries  of  Camden,  553  ;  of  Gloucester 
City,  601 ;  of  Waterford  township,  664  ; 
of  "Winslow  township,  703. 
Cemeteries  of  Delaware  township,  736. 
Census  of  Camden  County,191. 
Centre  Township ;  Topography,  704 ;  early 
settlers,  704  j    civil  organization  and 
officers  of,  707  ;  Tillage  of  Snow  Hill, 
708;    societies,    708;     schools,    708; 
churches,  708-710 ;    Ladies'  Aid    So- 
ciety, 710 ;  Guinea  Town,  710  ;    inci- 
dents of  the  EeTolution,  710  ;  Mount 
Ephraim,  710 ;     church,  711 ;    Cem- 
etery, 711 ;  biographical,  712. 
Champion,  T.,  610. 
Chapman,  Thomas,  216. 
Champion,  John,  720. 
Chew,  Ezeklel  C,  272. 
Chews  Landing,  682. 
Chew,  Lieut. -Col.  Henry  F.,  144. 
Chew,  Sinnickson,  322. 
Chesilhurst,  667. 
Chief  justices  of  Colonial  Supreme  Court  of 

New  Jersey,  200. 
Chief  Justices    of  New  Jersey  during  and 

after  KeTolution,  201. 
Cholera,  first  appearance  in  Camden,  256. 
Churches  of  Gloucester  City,  696-97 ;   of 
Haddonfleld,  619,    630;     of  Haddon 
township,  660;  of  Waterford  township, 
669,  662,  666  669, ;  of  Gloucester  town- 
ship, 685  ;  of  Winslow  township,  700  ; 
of  Centre  township,  709,  711. 
Friends'  Newton  Meeting,  467. 
Methodist  of  Camden;    Third  Street, 


467;    TJhion,    469;    Broadv^ay,  470; 
Tabernacle,  471 ;  Fillmore  Street,  472 ; 
Centenary,  472;   Eighth  Street,  472; 
Kaighn  Avenuf^,  473 ;  Bethany,  474 ; 
Scott,  474  ;  Macedonia,  474  ;  Zion  Wes- 
ley, 475  ;  Union  American,  475  ;  Beth- 
el, 476  ;  Memorial,  476. 
Baptist  of  Camden :  First,  476  ;    Second, 
478 ;  Third,  478  ;  North,  479  ;  Broad- 
way, 481 ;  Tabernacle,  481 ;   Trinity, 
482  ;  Seventh,  482  ;  Linden,  483. 
Episcopalian  of  Camden :  St.  Paul's,  483  ; 
St.  John's,   485  ;  Church  of  our  Sa- 
Tjour,  486. 
Presbyterian,  of  Camden  ;  the  first,  487  ; 
the   second,  488,   490 ;     Presbyterian 
mission,  492. 
Evangelical  Lutheran,  of  Camden :  Trin- 
ity German,  492  ;  Epiphany,  492. 
United  Brethren,  of  Camden  :  Emanuel, 

493 ;  Bethel,  493. 
Evangelical  Association,  North  A.  M.,  of 

Camden :  Zion,  494. 
Roman  Catholic,   of  Camden :    Church 
Immaculate  Conception,  495  ;    St.  Pe- 
ter's and  St.  Paul's  German,  497. 

Churches   of    Delaware   township,     730 ; 
Stockton  township,  761,  757,  760. 

City  Hall,  428-429. 

City  Council  of  Camden,  434. 

Clarke,  Charles  F.,  281. 

Clement,  Evan,  240. 

Clement,  John,  212,  332,  610. 

Clement,  John,  Sr.,  213.  . 

Clement,  Samuel,  610. 

Clementon,  679. 

Coates,  Reynell,  274,  333. 

Coffin,  Maj.  Edward  W.,  158. 

Coffin,  William,  Jr.,  698. 

Coflln,  William,  Sr.,  699. 

Coles,  Charles  B.,  515. 

Coles,  Captain  Frank  H.,  88. 

Coley,  Benjamin  D.,  121. 

Coley,  Samuel,  640. 

Oolestown,  730- 

Collings,  Edward  Z.,  394. 

Collins,  Beiyamin,  610. 

Collins,  Francis,  640,  645,  720. 

Collingswood,  653. 

Colonial  history,  17. 

Comley,  Ezra,  297. 

Congress,  First  provincial,  of  N.  J.,  42. 

Congress,  Second  Provincial,  of  N.  J.,    3. 

Congress,  Third,  of  delegates,  44. 

Congress,  attempt  to  steal  records  of,  61. 

Conrow,  George  N.,  229. 

Cooper,  John,  466. 

Cooper,  0.  J.,  303. 

Cooper,  James  B.,  60. 

Cooper  genealogical  table,  406. 

Cooper,  William  D.,  218. 

Coopers  Hill,  419. 

Cooper,  8.  C,  227. 

Cooper,  H.  M.,  229. 

Cooper,  Eichard  Matlack,  457. 

Cooper  Hospital}  264. 

Cooper,  William,  404. 

Cooper,  Dr.  Richard  M.,  271. 

Cooper  family,  404,  414,.  719. 

Cooper,  Joseph  W.,  459. 

Cooper,  Benjamin  B.,  738. 

Cooper,  B.  W.,  743. 


Cooper,  William  B.,  743. 
Cooper,  Benjamin,  744. 
Cope,  Edward  D.,  333. 
Cornwallis,  Lord,  46,  55., 
Court-houses,  183. 
Courts  of  Camden  County,  202. 
Councilmen,  list  of,  434. 
Cowperthwaite,  John  K.,  216,  431. 
Cox,  Charles,  433. 
Cragin  &  Co.,  761. 
Cramer,  Alfred,  768. 
Cramer  Hill,  756. 
Crandall,  John  J.,  234. 
Creighton,  H.,  610. 
Croft,  Howland,  524. 
Croxal,  Morris,  216. 
Cullen,  Thomas  F.,  277. 
Curley,  Thomas  P.,  235. 
Cuthbert,  J.  Ogden,  64. 
Cyclone,  the,  555. 


Davis,  Thos.  H.,  136. 

Davis,  W.  A.,  292. 

Davis,  Henry  H.,  293. 

Davis,  N.,  298. 

Davis,  Samuel  C,  727. 

Davis,  Thos.  W.,  460. 

Davistown,  680. 

Day,  Humphrey,  749. 

Dayton,  James  B.,  220. 

Dayton,  Wm.  C,  231. 

Delaware  Township  :  Civil  history  of,  713 ; 
first  officers  of,  713  ;  affairs  in,  during 
War  of  Rebellion,  714,  715  ;  officers  of, 
1844  to  1886,  716;  characteristics 
of,  716 ;  mechanical  industries 
in,  717  ;  early  settlement,  717,  728; 
Indians,  719,  727  ;  incidents  of  the 
Eevolution,  723 ;  straightening  the 
roads,  7;.'8 ;  old  houses,  728  ;  names  of 
prominent  farms,  728  ;  EUisburg,  728  ; 
Batesville,  730 ;  St.  Mary's  Church, 
730-736  ;  Colestown  Cemetry,  735  ; 
biographical  sketches,  737,  738. 

Dean,  Richard  C,  284. 

Delair,  761. 

Dentistry,  307. 

Depuy,  Watson,  464. 

De  Vries,  David  P.,  18. 

Dialogue's  Ship-Yards,  '83. 

Dialogue,  John  H.,  384. 

Diseases  and  their  remedies,  252. 

Dobson,  A.  T.,  Jr.,  296. 

Donop,  Col.,  49,  50,  61. 

Donges,  John  W.,  293. 

Drake,  Herbert  A.,  230. 

Dudley,  759. 

Dudley,  Thos.  H.,  220? 

Dudley,  Edw.,  231. 

Du  Bois,  W.  G.,  304. 

E. 

Early  Settlements,  Dutch,  Swedes  and  Eng- 
lish, 18. 
Early  business  interests  of  Camden,  444. 
Education,  308. 
Elkinton,  John  A.,  244. 
Ellis,  Charles,  611. 
Ellis  family,  723. 
Bllisburg,  728. 
Elm,  697.  .... 


766 


INDEX. 


Estaugh  Family,  646. 
BvanE,  EUwood,  736. 
Evans,  Joshua,  648. 
Evans,  Nathaniel,  330. 
Evelyn,  Master,  330. 
Evening  Telegram,  327. 

F. 

Fairview  Brick-Workg,  762. 

Ferries  on  the  Delaware,  362  ;  Coopers 
Point  Ferry,  366;  Federal  Street  Ferry, 
367 ;  Camden  and  Philadelphia  Steam- 
boat Ferry  Co.,  368;  Cooper  Street 
Ferry,  372  ;  Kaighns  Point  Ferry,  372  ; 
the  West  Jersey  Ferry,  374  ;  Market 
Street  Ferry,  374  ;  Gloucester  Ferries, 
376 ;  creek  ferries  and  bridges,  378  ; 
navigation  of  Coopers  Creek,  380. 

Fettei-sville,  421. 

Fetters,  Bichard,  422. 

Fewsmith,  Wm.,  325. 

Fisler,  Lorenzo  F.,  270,  332,  430. 

Fire  companies  and  firemen,  440. 

First  steamboat,  360. 

Fisheries,  605. 

Fitch,  Johu,  360, 

Fitzsimmons,  P.  J.,  497. 

Fitzgerald,  Wilson,  579. 

Fish  family,  749. 

Flanders,  Alfred,  230. 

Fort  Mercer,  60. 

Fort  Mifflin,  48. 

Fort,  Geo.  F.,  229,  338. 

Fort,  John  H,,  230. 

Fowler,  W.  P.,  236. 

Fortiner,  Geo.  E,,  306. 

Fowler,  Philip  H.,  693. 

Francine,  L.  B.,  155. 

Frazee,  Andrew  B.,  371. 

Fredericks,  Henry,  513. 

French,  Thos.  B.,  232. 

French,  Ohas.,  728. 

Friends,'  the  :  Their  emigration  to  Amer- 
ica, 26  ;■  in  West  Jersey,  24  ;  Barclay's 
Apology,  29  ;  of  Haddonfleld,  619. 

G. 

Gardiner,  T.  W.,  306. 

GaiTison,  Charles  G.,  233. 

Garrison,  Joseph  F.,  336. 

Gas-Ligbt  Co.,  546. 

Catling  Gun,  Co.  B.,  179. 

Gatzmer,  W.  H.,  370. 

Gaul,  Samuel  M.,  433. 

Gibbsboro',  667. 

Gibbsboro'  White  Lead  and  Color  Works, 
668. 

Gilbert,  Geo.  W.,  227. 

Gill,  John,  468,  646. 

Gills,  the,  724. 

Gilmore,  Alexander,  316. 

Gilmour,  L.  D.  H.,  236. 

Glass  works  of  Jackson,  666. 

Glendale,  657. 

Gloucester   County :  Erection  of  county, 
584  ;  early  history  of,  30  ;  early  records, 
32 ;   punishment     of    criminals,   33 
county  seat  of,  33  ;  early  buildings,  33, 

Gloucester   City,  682 ;   topography,  582 
early  history.  Fort  Nassau,  582  ;  erec 


tion  of  Gloucester  County,  584  ;  county- 
seat,  584 ;  county  courts  and  public 
buildings,  587  ;  city  government,  688 , 
city  hall,  588  ;  mayors  and  officers, 
689  ;  Fire  Department,  689  ;  water  sup- 
ply, manufactures  of,  692  ;  Land  Com- 
pany, 592  ;  gingham-raills,  593  ;  print 
works  of,  594 ;.  Ancona  Printing  Com- 
pany, 694 ;  Gloucester  Iron  Works, 
694 ;  terra-cotta  works,  595 ;  machine 
works,  696  ;  lumber-yard,  695 ;  Gas 
Company,  596  ;  religious  history,  596  ; 
churches,  596  ;  schools,  600. ;  societies, 
601 ;  building  associations,  601 ;  as  a 
pleasure  resort,  604 ;  hunting  club, 
606  ;  fisheries  of,  605. 

Gloucester  township,  672 ;  topography, 
672  ;  early  settlers,  672  ;  organization 
and  ofBcers,  676 ;  autographs  of  early 
settlers,  677  ;  villages  of,  678 ;  Kirk- 
wood,  678  ;  Lindenwold,  678  ;  Clemen- 
ton,  679;  manufacturing  interests  of, 
678  ;  Watsontown,  680  ;  Brownstown, 
680 ;  Davistown,  680  ;  Spring  Mills, 
680  ;  lost  town  of  Upton,  681 ;  an  inci- 
dent of  the  Bevolution,  682 ;  early 
settlers  of,  683  ;  industrial,  684 ;  hotels, 
stage  lines  and  stores,  684  ;  Merchanics- 
ville,  685  ;  churches,  686 ;  societies, 
692 ;  education,  693. 

Glover,  John,  706. 

Glover,  L.  L.,  298. 

Godfrey,  Edmund  L.  B.,  290. 

Goldsmith,  Geo.,  644. 

Gough,  E.  E.,  244. 

Governors  of  New  Jersey,  24. 

Graham,  F.  B.,  279. 

Grand  Array  of  Republic,  170  ;  Lee  Post, 
No.  5,  170 ;  Hatch  Post,  No.  37,  172  ; 
Loyal  Ladies'  League,  176  ;  Robinson 
tost.  No.  61,  176  ;  John  William  Post, 
No.  71,  176  ;  Yan  Leer  Post,  No.  36, 
176  ;  Davis  Post,  No.  63,  177  j  Sons  of 
Veterans,  177. 

Gray,  Alexander,  231. 

Graveyards,  old,  395. 

Graysbury  Bros.,  644. 

Graw,  J.  B.,  328. 

Grey,  Philip  James,  320. 

Grey,  Samuel  H.,  226,  320. 

Griffith,  Anna  B.,  304. 

Grigg,  Jacob,  277. 

Griscom, William,  611. 

Gross,  0.  B.,290. 

Gross,  Jacob  L.,  761. 

Gunter,  Guilford,  299. 

Guinea  Town,  710. 

H. 

Haddon  Family,  646. 

Haddon,  John,  646. 

Haddonfield  Borough  :  Early  history,  608  ; 
early  settlers,  610  ;  Incidents  of  Revo- 
lution, 611  ;  autographsof  early  settlers, 
612  ;  old  taverns,  618  ;  post-oflices,  619  ; 
incorporation,  619  ;  Library  Company, 
619  ;  churches,  619-630  ;  schools,  630  ; 
business  interests,  631 ;  societies,  633. 

Haddon  township,  636  ;  Old  Newton  town- 
ship, 636  ;  its  records,  637  ;  colony  set- 
tlement, 638  ;  early  settlers,  640  ;  auto- 
graphs of  early  settlers,   649  ;  Newton 


Friends'  Meeting,  660  ;  schools,  |651 ; 
the  Camden  and  Philadelphia  Race- 
course, 652  ;  Collingswood,  653 ;  West- 
mont,  6.53  ;  biographical,  664. 

Haines,  Joseph  M.,  712. 

Hainses,  the,  724. 

Hamilton,  Morris  R.,  219. 

Hammell,  B.  A.,  431. 

Haney,  Jno.  E.,  288. 

Hannah,  Gilbert,  225. 

Hansen,  Wm.  C,  169. 

Harris,  Jno.,  234. 

Harned,  Jno.  F.,  235. 

Earned,  Thos.  B.,  231. 

Harris,  Samuel,  243. 

Hartley,  Benj.,  611. 

Hatch,  Wm.  B.,  93,  174. 

Hatton,  Louis,  296. 

Hay,  Andrew  K.,  703. 

Hayes,  James  E.,  230. 

Heath,  Andrew,  3o2. 

Heath,  E.  F.  S.,  193. 

Hendry,  Bowman,  241. 

Hendry,  Bowman,  Jr.,  276. 

Hendry,  Chaa.  D.,  267. 

Hendry,  Thos.,  239. 

Henry,  Geo.  W.,  299. 

Heritage  family,  724. 

Heulings,  Israel  W.,  459. 

Hewitt,  Jno.  K.  R.,  232. 

Highways,  surveyors  of,  439. 

Hildreth,  Pennington  P.,  236. 

Hillman  Family,  706,  676. 

Hillman,  Samuel  S.,  633. 

Hinchman  Family,  706. 

Hinchmans,  the,  648. 

Hineline,  Chas.  D.,  431. 

Hoell,  Conrad  G.,  294. 

Hoffman,  W.  S.,  233. 

Hogate,  F.  F.,  234. 

Holmes,  Dr.  Wm.,  279. 

Home  for  Friendless  Children,  578. 

Homesteadville,  761. 

Homoeopathy,  300. 

Hook-and-Ladder  Companies(se6  Fire  Com- 
panies). 

Homer,  Asa  P.,  216. 

Homers,  the,  749. 

Horsfall,  Chae.  K.,  140. 

Hotels,  656. 

Hough,  Daniel,  222. 

Hover,  Francis,  244. 

Howard,  E,  M.,  304. 

Howe,  General,  48,  49,  65. 

Howell,  Joshua  B.,  164. 

Howell,  Mordecai,  718. 

Howell,  Bichard  W.,  217,  431 

Howell,  Thomas,  640,  718. 

Hufty,  Sam.,  126. 

Hugg,  Alfred,  222. 

Hugg  Family,  705. 

Hugg,  I.  N.,  297. 

Hunt,  H.  F.,  302. 

Hunt,  Willis  H.,  304. 

Hurfr,  Jos.  E.,296. 

Hutchinson,  E.  0.,  236. 

Hylton,  J.  Dunbar,  338,  747. 

I. 

Indian  trails  and  early  roads,  340. 
Indians,  the,  2 ;  population,  5  ;  tradition 
aa   to  origin,   6;   Leuni  Lenape,  or 


INDEX. 


767 


Delawares,  7  ;  religious  belief,. 8  ;  char- 
acteristicB,  8,  9,  10 ;  later  history  of 
Delawares,  14  ;  last  in  New  Jersey,  14 ; 
compulsory  migration,  14 ;  Wampum, 
15 ;  autogi-apbs,  16. 

nternal  improTemente,  340. 

reland,  Wilson  H.,  289. 

rwin,  Samuel  B.,  292. 

szard,  Wm.  H.,  292. 


rack6on  Glass- Works,  665. 
feffers,  WilUamN.,  216. 
Fenkins,  Eichard  S.,  224. 
Fenkina,  Wilson  H.,  230. 
Fennings,  N.  B.,  279. 
lessup,  John  I.,  278. 
Joline,  Charles  Van  D.    23 
Joline,  John  F.,  231. 
rones,  Franks.,  437. 
Tones,  Geo.  H.,  297. 
Jones,  Jno.  H.,  433. 
Jones,  S.  P.,  234. 
Jones,  W.  S.,  298. 
Jordan,  Blchard,  331. 
Jordantown,  761. 


Kaighn,  Chas.  431. 
Eaighn,  Elias,  430. 
Kaighn  Estate,  420. 
Kaighn  Family,  416. 
Kaighnsville,  423. 
Kay,  John,  608. 
Kays,  the,  724. 
KUferly,  Frederick,  534. 
Kinsey,  Charles  W.,  222. 
Kirkbride,  Joel  P.,  671. 
Kirkwood,  678. 
Knight,  Edward  0. ,  641 . 


Lafayette,  General,  55. 

Laning,  Samuel,  430. 

Law,  the  new,  314. 

Lawrence,  Captain  James,  78. 

Lawyers,  196,  216. 

Lay  judges,  204. 

Leamiog,  E.  B.,  234.      , 

Leckncr,  J.  D.,  304. 

Lee,  Thomas  M.  K.,  Jr.,  171. 

Lindenwold,  678. 

Lippincott,  James  S.,  335. 

Lippiucott,  Joshua,  460. 

Livermore,  Jonas,  464. 

Long,  W.  S.,  299. 

Lucas,  John,  658. 

Lumber  interest,  510  ;    Stockham  4  Co., 

512  ;    Scudder's   steam  .  planing-mill, 

513  ;  Barrett  cSc  Co.,  513  ;  Hunger  & 
Bro,,  514  ;  The  Builders'  Mill,  614 ; 
Cole's  planing-mill,  515 ;  Central 
lumber-yaxd,  516;  Liberty  Street 
planing-mill,  517 ;  Stanton  &  Bran- 
ning,  617;  C.  W.  Patterson  &  Co., 
517  ;  timber,  spar  and  piling  basin, 
618  ;  Colson  &  Mulford  yard,  618  ; 
Shivers  &  Moffett,  518;  Monison's 
yard,  516. 


M. 
Manufacturing  and  industries,  507  ;  Cam-, 
den  Iron-Works,  507  ;  Furbush  &  Son, 
508 ;      tool     and     tube-works,     508 ; 
Coopers  Point  Iron-Works,  608  ;  Pearl 
Street   Iron  Foundry,  508  ;    Camden 
Machine-WorkB,  508 ;   Machine  Tool 
Company,    509 ;    Standard    Machine- 
Works,  509  ;     Camden    Architectural 
Iron- Works,   509 ;   American  Nickel- 
Works,  509  ;  Esterbrook  Steel  Pen  Com- 
pany, 509  ;  lumber  interests,  510  ;  oil- 
cloth manufacturers,  519  ;  woolen  and 
worsted-mills,  623 ;  miscellaneous,  527; 
Wood  Manufacturing  Company,  527; 
Aroma  Dye-Works,  527  ;  Camden  Dye- 
wood,  Extract  and  Chemical-Works, 
528 ;     New   Jersey   Chemical- Works, 
528;   Camden  City  Dye-Works,  628; 
American  Bleach  and  Dye-Works,  628  ; 
printing     ink     manufacturing,   529 ; 
Camden  Brass- Works,  529  ;  West  Jer- 
sey Paper   Manufacturing  Company, 
529;    Pfeil  and  Golz  Company,  629; 
Standard  Soap  and  Chemical  Company, 
630;    Crystal     Glass    Manufacturing 
Company,  530  ;  Porcelain  Tooth  Man- 
ufacturing Company,  630 ;  hat-factory, 
530 ;    book-bindery,   530 ;    Baymore's 
Mast  and  Spar-Tards,  530 ;  Penn  Street 
Spar-Yard,  631 ;  boat-shops,  531 ;  Penn 
Mantel-Works,    631 ;     marble-works, 
531 ;    granite    and    sandstone-works, 
532  ;  carriage  manufacturers,  532  (see 
Carriages) ;  Kifferly's  Morocco- Works, 
633 ;    shoe    manufacturers,    534    (see 
Shoes) ;    Anderson   Preserving   Com- 
pany, 536  ;  Campbell  Preserving  Com- 
pany, 636  ;  Camden  Wall-Paper  Com- 
pany,  637  ;  Franklin  Bag  Carpet  Com- 
pany, 637  ;  American  Dredging  Com- 
pany, 637  ;  Gas-Light  Company,  545 
Priest  &  Son ,  riggers  and  house  movei-s, 
679  ;    Middleton  Pump  Manufactory, 
579. 
Marcy,  Alexander,  286. 
Markets,  540. 
Marshals  of  Camden,  439. 
Martindale,  Isaac  C,  337. 
Matlack,  Eobert  K.,  217. 
Matlack,  Timothy,  609. 
Matlacks,  the,  725. 
Mayors  of  Camden,  430. 
McAlliston,  N.  .(^lex.,  300. 
McComb,  Capt.  .Tames,  136. 
McCullough,  Joseph  W.,  281. 
McKelway,  A.  J.,  279. 
Mead,  William  T.,  648. 
Mechanicsville,  686. 
Mecray,  A.  M.,  287. 
Medical  profession,  the,  237. 
Medical  Society  of  Camden  County,  244. 
Members  of  Camden  County  Medical  Socie- 
ty, 260. 
Merchantville,  759. 
Methodist  Herald,  329. 
Michellon,  Frank  F.,  436. 
Micklo,  Captain  Isaac  W.,  222. 
Mickle  Family,  418. 
Mickle,  Isaac,  221,  332. 
Microscopical  Society,  339. 
Middleton,  F.  P.,  680. 


Middleton,  M.  F.,  302. 

Middleton,  Timothy,  432. 

Middleton,  T.  J.,  232. 

Miller,  J.  S.,  233. 

Miller,  Lindley  H.,  224. 

Miller,  Bichard  T.,  229. 

Morgan  family,  746. 

Morgan,  John,  433. 

Morgan,  Joseph  W.,  232. 

Morgan,  Bandal  E.,  185. 

Morgan,  Eandal  W.,  281. 

Mount  Ephraim,  710. 

Mud  Island,  52. 

Mulford,  Isaac  S.,  266,  332. 

Mulford,  I.  B.,  282. 

Mulford,  Thomas  W.,  219. 

Mulford,  W.  C,  274. 

Municipal  history  of  Camden,  426. 

N. 

Navigators,  the  first  in  New  Jersey,  17. 

Navigation  and  shipbuilding,  360. 

Navigation  of  the  Delaware,  360. 

New  Jersey :  Established,  21 ;  boundary 
between  East  and  West  New  Jersey, 
23  ;  as  the  seat  of  war,  45. 

New  Jersey  Coast  Pilot,  329.    • 

New  Jersey  Temperance  Gazette,  328. 

New  Jersey  Southern  Bailroad,  358. 

Newbio,  Mark,  642. 

Newby,  Stephen,  643. 

Newspapers :  Bridgeton  Argus,  319  ; 
Washington  Whig,  319 ;  Gloucester 
Farmer,  320;  "Village  Record,  320; 
American  Star  and  Rural  Record,  320  ; 
Camden  Mail,  320  ;  West  Jerseyman, 
320 ;  Columbian  Herald,  320  ;  The 
Union,  320  ;  Camden  Daily,  320 ;  Re- 
publican, 321  ;  American  Eagle,  321 ; 
Phoenix,  321 ;  Camden  Journal,  321  ; 
New  Republic,  321 ;  Daily  Post,  322  ; 
The  Argus,  322  ;  Jersey  Blue,  ,322 ; 
Philadelphia  Day,  322  ;  West  Jersey 
Press,  322;  The  Constitution,  323; 
National  Standard,  323;  Camden  Demo- 
crat, 323 ;  The  Tribune,  326 ;  The 
Post,  325 ;  Woodbury  Liberal  Press, 
326  ;  Camden  County  Courier,  327 ; 
Evening  Telegram,  327  ;  New  Jei-sey 
Temperance  Gazette,  328 ;  Camden 
County  Journal,  328  ;  New  Jersey  Coast 
Pilot,  329 ;  Methodist  Herald,  329 ; 
The  Chesilhurst  Tribune,  330  ;  Weekly 
Tribune,  329 ;  South  Jersey  News, 
329  ;  Atco  Argus,  330. 

Newton  Creek  Meadow  Co.,  The  Little, 
421. 

Newton  Juvenile  Debating  Society,  605. 
Newton  Village,  660. 
Nicholson,  Joseph,  744. 
Norcross,  694. 

O. 

Oil-cloth  manufacturers,  519 ;  Powers  & 
Sons,  619  ;  E.  H.  &  B.  C.  Eeeve,  519  ; 
Farr  &  Bailey,  522 ;  Dunn,  J.  &  Co., 
522  ;  Kaighns  Point  Oil  Cloth  Co.,  623  ; 
L.  B.  Randall,  523. 

Olden,  Gov.  Charles  S.,  91. 

Old  grave-yards,"  396. 

Orphanage,  the  West  Jersey,  606. 

Osier  Family,  751. 

Overbrouk  Mills,  762. 


768 


INDEX. 


Pointer,  Mrs.  Hettie  K.,  93,  164. 

Palm,  H.  F.,  294. 

Pancoast,  David  J.,  211. 

Pancoast,  D.  P.,  289. 

Parham,  Wm.,  270. 

Parker,  Charles  F.,  334. 

Parker,  Joel,  208. 

Parsons,  Stephen,  556, 

Patterson,  F.  F.,;327. 

Pavonia,  754. 

PaTOnia  Station,  756. 

Peacock,  R.  H.,  305. 

Pea  Shore  Terra-Ootta  Works,  761. 

Pelouze,  Oapt.  0.  N.,  88. 

Pensaukin,  761. 

Pension  Board,  261. 

Perry,  Thos.,  610. 

Pettye  Island,  739. 

Pfeitfpr,  Frederick  P.,  305. 

Pfeitfer,  «.  S.,  F.  305. 

Philadelphia  and  Camden  Bridge  Co., 377. 

Philadelphia  and  Atlantic  K.  B.,  369. 

Philadelphia,  Marlton  and  Medford  E.  K., 

359. 
Phila.  Dye  and  Bleaching  Works,  763. 
Physicians,  237. 
Physicians,  biographies  of,  266. 
Pillory,  the,  33. 
Plank,  W.  S.,  652. 
Planked  shad,  606. 
Pleasure  gardens,  452. 
Pleasure  railway,  461. 
Police,  chief  of,  439. 
Port  of  Camden,  386. 
Post,  the,  325. 
Post-office,  638. 
Potts,  Stacy  G.,  206. 
Potta,  Lemuel  J.,  233. 
Powell,  W.  K.,298. 
Pratt,  Jesse,  434. 
Private  schools,  506. 
Presley,  Mrs.  Sophia,  298. 
Press,  the,  319  (see  Newspapers). 
Public  schools,  497,  5U3. 
PulaBki,  Count,  56. 

Q- 

Quakers  (see  Friends). 
Quint,  Silas  H.,306. 

B. 

Railroada  :  Camden  &  Amboy,  349  ;  Cam- 
den &  Atlantic,  353  ;  West  Jersey,  364 ; 
Camden  &  Woodbury,  357  ;  Camden 
&  Burlington  County,  357  ;  New  Jer- 
sey Southern,  358  ;  Camden  &  Haddon- 
lield,  358  ;  Camden,  Gloucester  &  Mt. 
Ephraim,  358  ;  Philadelphia  &  Atlan- 
tic City,  359  ;  Philadelphia,  Marlton 
&  Medford,  359. 

Raudiill,  L.  B.,  523.      . 

Raughley,  Williiiiu  C,  209. 

Bead,  Edmund  B.,  Jr.,  235. 

Bead,  Edmund  E.,  613. 

Bead,  David,  640. 

Head,  Joel,  641. 

Bead,  Joseph  J. ,  641. 

Bead,  John  S.,  643. 

Redman,  T.,  610. 

Reed,  Charles  T.,  212. 

Reeve,  Augustus,  521. 


Reeve,  Benjamin  C,  521. 

Reeve,  Richard  H.,  621. 

Religious  history  of  Camden,  467. 

Reynolds,  George,  236. 

Richtor,  A.  F.,  232. 

Richards,  Mrs.  Jennie,  297. 

Richie,  E.  W.,  299. 

Ridge,  James  M.,  284. 

Bidgway,  Richard  S.,  236. 

Eightmiro,  William  H.,  437. 

Risley,  James  0.,  275. 

Robbins,  S.  K.,234. 

Roberts,  Israel,  236. 

Robeson,  General  W.  P.,  Jr.,  176. 

Robeson,  George  M.,  224. 

Robison,  George  T.,  299. 

Roe,  David,  Sr.,  616. 

Rose,  Wilbur  F.,  461. 

Rosedale,  698. 

Rosters  of  soldiers  Warfor  the  Union,  95. 

Rosters  of  soldiers  War  1812-14,  80. 

Rowand,  Thomas  G.,  290. 

Royal  land  grants,  17,  18. 

Roydon,  William,  363. 

Roydon,  William,  640. 

Budderow  family,  748. 

Rulon,  Elwood,  674. 

S. 

Sartorl,  Chas.  W.,276. 

Sanadera,  Edward,  235. 

Sausage  weaving,  452. 

Schlesinger,  Alex:,  329. 

SchelUnger,  C.  M.,  293. 

Schneck,  John  V.,  276. 

Schneck,  P.  V.,  277. 

School,  the  New,  314. 

Schools  of  Camden,  early,  309. 

Schools  of  Camden,  the  present,  316. 

Schools  of  Camden,  497. 

Schools  of  Gloucester  City,  600. 

Schools  of  Haddoniield  Borough,  630. 

Schools  of  Haddon  township,  651. 

Schools  of  Stockton  township,  753. 

Scovel,  Alden  C,  226. 

Scovel,  Hy.  A.,  233. 

Scovel,  James  M.,  224. 

Scovel,  Philip  S.,  225. 

Scull,  Samuel,  432. 

Sellers,  J.  S.  Z.,279. 

Sewell,  William  J.,  366. 

Sexton,  Charles,  431. 

Sexton,  William,  694. 

Shad-flailing,  606. 

Shafer,  William,  298. 

Sharp,  Edgar  B.,  304. 

Sharp,  Thomas,  639,  642. 

Sharp,  Thomas,  308,  330. 

Sheets,  John  A.  J.,  634. 

Sherk,  H.  l-I,,  297. 

Ship-building,  early,  360,  381. 

Shivers,  Bowman  H.,  301. 

Shivers,  Ulias.  H.,  289. 

Shivers,  Isaac,  720. 

Shivers,  John,  725. 

Shoe  manufacturers :  Anthonys  Shoe 
Works,  634  ;  Ferris  Mfy.,  636  ;  Deitrich 
&  Co.,  636  ;  Kelly's  Works,  635  ;  Butch- 
ers' Mfy.,  636;  Whitakors,  635;  Mo- 
Adams,  536  ;  Richardson,  536  ;  Grau, 
636  ;  Boltinghouse  &  Co.,  536 ;  Guth- 
rie, 530  ;  Hoifliuger,  636 ;  Small,  636  ; 
Cook,  636. 


Shreve,  Beiy'.  D.,227. 

Shreve,  B.  F.  H.,  234. 

Shreve,  Caleb  D.,  227. 

Shreve,  Samuel  N.,  236. 

Shroff,  James  W.,  432. 

Shroud,  Thomas,  727. 

Shults,  John  S.,  438. 

Sickler,  John  Rowan,  268. 

Sicklerville,  695. 

Simcoe,  Maj.,  56. 

Sixth  Regiment  National  Guards,  178. 

Sloan,  Jeremiah  H.,  216. 

Smallwood,  R.  M.,  278. 

Smiley,  E.  R.,  298. 

Smith,  H.  A.  M.,  288. 

Smith,  Thomas  J.,  280. 

Snitcher,  E.  J.,  292. 

Snow  Hill,  708. 

Snowden,  John  W.,  283. 

Snowdon,  Richard,  331. 

Snyder,  Henry  M.,  Jr.,  2.34. 

Societies  of  Camden :  Microscopical  of 
Camden,  339 ;  Free  Masons,  658 ; 
■  Knights  Templar,  660  ;  Scottish  Eite, 
661 ;  Odd-Fellows,  663  ;  Knights  of 
Pythias,  665 ;  Improved  Order  of  Bed 
Men,  666  ;  Daughtei-a  of  the  Forest, 
568  ;  Knights  of  the  Golden  Eagle, 
669  ;  Ancient  Order  United  Workmen, 
670 ;  United  American  Mechanics,  571 ; 
Independent  Order  Mechanics,  573 ; 
Brotherhood  of  the  Union,  574 ;  Order 
of  the  Iron  Hall,  676  ;  Brotherhood  of 
Locomotive  Engineers,  676  ;  Brother- 
hood of  Locomotive  Firemen, 676  ;  La- 
dies of  Friendahip,  576  ;  Sons  of  St. 
George,  576  ;  Seven  Wise  Men,  577  ; 
Temperance  Societies,  677  ;  Home  for 
Friendless  Children,  578 ;  Philharmo- 
nic Society,  578. 

Societies  of  Gloucester  City,  601 ;  of  Had- 
donfleld  Borough,  633  ;  of  Waterford, 
662,  666  ;  of  Gloucester  township,  693  ; 
of  Winslow,  700  ;  of  Centre  township, 
708 ;  of  Stockton,  754,  766. 

Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  170. 

Soldiers  from  Gloucester  Co.,  who  served 
in  Continental  army,  71. 

Solicitors  of  city,  .438. 

Somers,  Lieutenant  Eichard,  at  Tripoli,  76. 

Sordentown,  761. 

South  Jersey  News,  329. 

Sparks,  S.  W.,  232. 

Spicer,  Samuel  and  Jacob,  745. 

Spring  Mills,  680. 

Stacy,  Henry,  648. 

Stamp  Act,  38. 

Stauger,  H.  J.,  236. 

Stanton,  James  G.,  297. 

Stanton,  James  H.,  297. 

Stanton,  L.  N.,  617. 

Starr,  Jno,  F,,  463. 

State  Normal  School,  318. 

Stevenson,  John  E.,  287. 

Stiles,  Wm.,  466. 

Stillings,  Captain  Wm.,  89. 

Stivers,  Gideon,  611. 

Stivers,  G.  V.,430. 

Stocks,  the,  33. 

Stockham,  Chas.,  612. 

Stockton  Township :  Orgauization  and 
boundaries  of,  739;  Petty's  Island,  739  ; 


INDEX. 


769 


early  settlors,  740,  761 ;  Spicer's  Ferry, 
745  ;  Bethel  M.  E.  Church,  751 ;  ed- 
ucational matters,  753  ;    old  tfl,verns, 

753  ;  old  brewery,  754  ;  fisheries,  754 
clubs,  754;  hot-houses,  754;  Pavonia, 

754  ;  old  mansions,  756  ;  Woods  bury^ 
ing  ground,  755;  Wrightsville,  756 
secret  societies,  756  ;  Cramer  Hill,  757 
Baptist  Church,  757  ;  other  churches, 
758, 760  ;  Dudley,  769 ;  MerchantviUe, 
759  ;  incorporation,  760  ;  Stockton  San. 
itarium,  rifle-range  and  park,  760 
villages  of  Pensaukiu,  Homesteadville. 
Soi-dentown,  Jordantown  and  Delair, 
761 ;  manufactures,  761-763  ;  biograph- 
ical matter,  763. 

Stockton,  423. 

Stockton  Sanitarium,  760. 

Stockton  Eifle  Eange,  760. 

Stockton  Park,  760. 

Stokes  family,  726. 

Stones,  the,  751. 

Stout,  Daniel  M.,  284. 

Stout,  Jos.  A.,  269. 

Stradley,  J  no.,  297. 

Stratton,  Chas.  P.,  2U. 

Sti'eet  Railroad,  645. 

Strook,  Daniel,  295. 

Stroud,  F  G.,  300. 

Styron,  U.  G.,  236. 

Surveyors  of  city,  438. 

Surveyors  of  highways,  439. 

Surveyoi-s  of  port  of  Camden,  3-<5. 

Sutton,  Jno-  H.,  299. 

Synott,  Miles  &  Martin,  269. 


T. 

Tallman,  Benjamin  H.,  240. 
Tansboro',  696. 
Taylor,  Heury  Genet,  285. 
Taylor,  Marmaduke  B,,  224. 
Taylor,  Othniel  H.,  273. 
Taylor,  K.  G.,  299. 
Taylor,  W.  G.,  283. 
Teachers,  the,  308,  309. 
Telephone  Co..  646. 
Test,  Richard  "W.,  652. 
Thackara,  Thomas,  643. 
Thomas,  W.  G.,  278. 
Thompson,  W.  J.,  606. 
Thorne,  Jno.,  706. 
Thornton,  Jacob  P.,  267. 
Tomlinson,  Ephralm,  289,  679. 
Tomlinson,  Joseph,  673. 
Topography,  1. 
Townsend,  Ellis  P.,  294. 
Tornado  of  1885,  565. 
Tornado  of  1878,  the,  654. 
Tribune,  The,  326. 
Tribune,  The  Weekly,  329. 
Tribune,  The  Chesilhurst,  330. 
Troth,  J.  tugene,  227. 
Tullis,  Eli,  304. 
Turner,  Robert,  644. 
Turnpikes,  345. 
Truax,  Clayton,  432. 


u. 

United  States  Chemical  Co.,  763. 
Upton,  681. 

V. 
Tan  Dyke,  John,  207. 
Varnish  factory,  763. 
Voorhees,  Peter  L.,  222. 
Yoorhees,  Peter  V.,  232. 
Vroom,  Geo.  A.,  236. 

■w. 

Walker,  Jno.,  761. 
Walsh,  J.  P.,  292. 
Wamsley,  Jas.  A.,  296. 
War,  the,  of   1812-14,77;   cause    of,  77; 
capture  of   sloop  *'  New  Jersey,"  76  ; 
New  Jersey  Militia,  79 ;     rosters  of 
soldiers,     80;    Elmer's  Brigade,    82; 
Cheeseman's    Company,    8:j ;    Chew's 
Company  83  ;  Armstrong's  Company, 
83 ;  Lippiucott's  Company,  84 ;  Gabb 
Artillery  Company,  84;  Sender's  Com- 
pany. 8.5  ;  Newton's  Company,  85. 
War  of  the  Revolution,  36 ;  causes  of,  37  ; 
British    stamp,  38 ;    progress  of,   46, 
47  ;   battle  of   Red  Bank,  47 ;   Fort 
Mifflin,  48;  operations  on  Delaware, 
49 ;    Fort    Mercer,  5U  ;   Forts    Mercer 
aud  Miffl  n  abandoned.  53 ;  skifmishes 
around  Gloucester,   65  ;  incidents  of, 
68 ;  evacuation  of   Philadelphia  58 ; 
retreat  of  British,  58  ;  local  patriotism, 
63,   64;  Council  of  Safety,  66  ;   West 
Jersey    c  mmands,    69;   militia;   71; 
State  troops   70;  Lieutenant  Somers, 
76. 
War,  The  French  and  Indian.  35. 
War  with    Mexico,  86;    Camden    Cou  ty 

soldiers,  86 ;  "  The  Spitfire,"  88. 
War  for  the  Union,  89;  causes  of,  89  ;  pro- 
ceedings to  prevent,  90 ;  first  war- 
meeting  in  Camden,  91 ;  pelitiun  and 
signers,  91  ;  preparations  for.  90,  91, 
92 ;  three  months'  troops,  95 :  First 
Brigade,  three  years'  troops,  98 ; 
Second  Brigade,  112 ;  Ninth  Regiment, 
122;  Tenth  Regiment,  126;  Twelfth 
Regiment,  1;16 ;  Gettysburg  monu- 
ment, 144  ;  nine  months'  tro'  ps,  146  ; 
Company  H,  Twenty-eighth  Regiment, 
149  ;  emergency  companies,  150  ;  Mary- 
land emergency  men,  150 ;  Thii  ty- 
fuuith  Regiment,  ]61 ;  Northern  men 
in  service,  162;  reception  of  returntd 
S'tldiers,  162 ;  women's  work  in  war, 
162;  the  drafts,  169;  the  Sanitary 
Fair,  163;  so  diers'  monument,  166; 
necrology,  168  ;  Grand  Army  of  Re- 
public, 170. 
Warnock,  William,  295. 
Wartinan,  Jno.  W.,  285. 
Washington,  General  George,  45,  46,  48, 

54. 
Water- Works,  engineers  of,  4:^9. 
Water-Works,  department  of,  439. 
Waterford  Villase,  667. 
Waterford    township:    Topography,    66.5; 
early  settlers,  656  ;  civil  organizations, 
656 ;  officers  of,  667 ;  Glendale,   657  ; 


Gibbsboro',    manufacturers    of,     658; 
churches,  669  ;  Berlin,  660  ;  Wright's 
Charcoal- Work-,   66 1  ;  societies,  662  ; 
churches,  662;    building  issociations 
and  Berlin  Library,  662  ;  Berlin  Cen;e- 
tery,  664;  glass-work.^,  665 ;  Atco,  664 ; 
societies,   666 ;    churches    of    Berlin, 
666  ;  Chesilhurst,  617  ;  Wa  er  ord  Vil- 
lage, 667  ;  churches  of  Waterford  Vil- 
lage, 669. 
Watsontown,  680. 
Wayne,  General  Anthony,  65,  56. 
Westcott,  Jno.  W.,  212. 
Westcott,  James  D.,  319. 
Westcott,  W.  A,,  299. 
Westmont,  663. 

West  Jersey  Homoeopathic   Medical  So- 
ciety, 306. 
West  Jersey  Press,  322. 
West  Jersey  Railroad,  354. 
Whirligig  Society,  35. 
White,  J.  Orlando,  288. 
Whitman,  Walt.,  332. 
Willard,  Thomas,  744. 
Willits,  Mrs.  Virginia,  165. 
Williams,  Theodore  S.,  303. 
Williamstown,  Junction,  690. 
Wills,  Joseph  H.,  295. 
Wilson,  Geo  ge  E.,  115. 
Wilton,  696. 

Winslow  township  ;  Topography,  694  ;  or- 
ganization, 696 ;  officers,  695  ;  Sicklor- 
ville,    695 ;    Williamstown    Junction, 
696 ;    Wilton,    696 ;    Tansboro',    696  ; 
Oedar   Brook,    696;    Braddock,  697; 
Blue  Anchor,  697  ;  Ancoia,  697;  Elm, 
697 ;     Winslow    Junction,    Rosedale, 
697;  societies,  700  ;  churches,  700. 
Winslow  Junction,  "698. 
Wood  family,  741. 
Wood,  Thomas  B.,  431. 
Woodbury,  origin  of  name,  34. 
WoodhuU,  George  S.,  207. 
Woodhull,  Johu  T.,  231. 
WoodhuU,  William  W.,  234. 
Woodhull,  S.  C,  236. 
Woodruff,  A.  D.,  275. 
Woodward,  George  D.,  305. 
Woolen   and   worsted  mills,  523  ;  Linden 
Mills,  623  ;    A.  Priestly    &    Co.,  624 ; 
Camden  Woolen-Mills  Co.,  524  ;  High- 
land Mills,  625  ;  Pine  Point  Mills,  526  ; 
Novelty    Worsted   Mill,  626 ;    Aber- 
foyle  Mills,  625  ;  Brighton  Mills,  526  ; 
Lace  and  Embroidery,  627  ;  Gimp  and 
Fringe  Manufactory,  527. 
Woolman,  F.  C,  233. 
Wooster,  Charles  I.,  234. 
Woolston,  Elijah  B.,  289. 
Worthington  Lib.  Co.,  606. 
Wright,  John  W.,  230. 
Wrightsville,  766. 
Wroth,  James  H.,  282. 
Wynn,  Rev.  Isaac  C,  478. 

Y. 
Young,  James  P.,  229. 
Young,  J.  G.,  286. 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  4D4.